The aim of this article is to analyze the peculiarities of media coverage of soldiers' psychological rehabilitation problems in the «Mirror of the Week» for 2015 and 2021.

Research methodology. In accordance with the purpose of the article authors used a set of methods such as observation (to collect primary empirical material), inductive-deductive (to determine and describe the peculiarities of messages), content analysis (to determine the main trends and specifics of media coverage), comparison, generalization.

Results. Research of soldiers' psychological rehabilitation problems in the «Mirror of the Week» for 2015 and 2021 showed the following trends: 1) gradual decrease in the frequency of coverage of soldiers' psychological rehabilitation in the media; 2) active coverage of this issue as unresolved problem, which is caused by inaction of the government, corruption in the country; 3) actualization of the problem itself through the voice of volunteers or other people situated directly in the combat zone; 4) the gradual disappearance of «exculpatory» rhetoric about the deviant behavior of veterans in need of psychological help; 5) change in the nature of coverage of this topic from analytical to statistical.

The novelty of this article is that the research identified the main peculiarities and trends of soldiers' psychological rehabilitation in the «Mirror of the Week» for 2015 and 2021. This will deepen the knowledge about the specifics of media coverage of mentioned issues and the main factors that cause a change in the vectors of the representation of certain topics.

Practical significance. The results of the research can be used to further investigations of the specifics of presenting relevant issues in the media; as well as in the development of specific measures to address the problem of soldiers' psychological rehabilitation in general.

Key words: psychological rehabilitation of the soldiers, content analysis, «Mirror of the Week», media coverage of the problem.


In order to analyze and interpret the reflection image of the wedge splitter on the reflection surface of the laser terminal during the adjustment process, the mechanism of the double image and multiple image of the wedge splitter during the adjustment process was analyzed. Through theoretical analysis, a single wedge-shaped spectroscope fitting interpretation method is obtained, and the dominant relationship between the measured values of theodolite and the wedge Angle is quantified. The calculation method of the target value of the two wedge-shaped spectroscopes is obtained, which makes the interpretation accuracy of the reflection image of the two wedge-shaped spectroscopes increased to 0.5 ", ensures the system index and improves the production efficiency.


There has been much recent work dedicated to exploring secondary correlations in the mass-metallicity relation, with significant dependence on both the star formation rate and HI content being demonstrated. Previously, a paucity of molecular gas data (combined with sample selection bias) hampered the investigation of any such relation with molecular gas content. In this work, we assemble a sample of 221 galaxies from a variety of surveys in the redshift range 0 < z < 2, to explore the connection between molecular gas content and metallicity. We explore the effect of gas mass on the mass-metallicity relation, finding that the offset from the relation is negatively correlated against both molecular and total gas mass. We then employ a principle component analysis technique to explore secondary dependences in the mass-metallicity relation, finding that the secondary dependence with gas mass is significantly stronger than with star formation rate, and as such the underlying `Fundamental Metallicity Relation' is between stellar mass, metallicity, and gas mass. In particular, the metallicity dependence on SFR is simply a byproduct of the dependence on the molecular gas content, via the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation. Finally, we note that our principle component analysis finds essentially no connection between gas-phase metallicity and the efficiency of star formation.


The HERDSA Fellows Column usually highlights the reflections of one of our Fellows. In this edition HERDSA Fellow John Gilchrist and members of his TATAL group reflect on the support that TATALs can offer to fellowship applicants in the development of reflective practice and the preparation of their portfolios. (Ed.)


Reformer and Outstanding Politician or Rake on a Metaphysical Scale. Two Portraits of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in Russian Cinema The text is an attempt to define the specificity of portraits of the first Russian Tsar, Ivan the Terrible, in the field of historiography and culture, including popular culture. This characteristic is referred then to the analysis of two films – S. Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible (1944-1946) and P. Lungin's Tsar (2009). These films depict two different interpretations of the historical figure presented above all in Russian discourse. On the one hand (Eisenstein), Ivan is seen as a prominent politician engaged in a state-building strategy; on the other (Lungin), he is above all a crazy criminal.


Steam-injection tests in the field have shown that heat transport in the oil/water region, ahead of the steam zone, may play a significant part in the production process. Since earlier theoretical work on steam drive neglects heat flow from steam zone into the oil/water region, a re- examination and an extension of that theory are presented. Experimental results show that the theory gives an accurate description of steam zone expansion before the critical time. At times relatively near critical time and also after critical time experimental data show theoretical steam zone volumes to be somewhat high. Even so, the accuracy of the calculated steam zone volumes is sufficient for practical purposes.


ABSTRACT Water quality problems in receiving waters in the Los Angeles area, and recent federal, state, and local environmental ordinances oblige large developments in California to cleanse urban stormwater runoff on-site before releasing it into storm drains, natural streams, or into the ocean. As a requirement for a land development permit, a channellpond system was engineered to provide three independent functions: flood control for existing and proposed developments, urban stormwater runoff treatment, and freshwater habitat for fish and wildlife. These functions are achieved by designing the channel as a riparian corridor with a freshwater wetlandpond at the downstream end. This article presents an overview of the current regulations, a description of Best Management Practices (BMPs), and the example design of the riparian corridorlfreshwater wetland system emphasizing hydraulic analysis and design, biotic design, environmental function and effectiveness, management, operation, monitoring and maintena...


Biological diversity in areas of land use (called 'agrodiversity' in the People, Land Management and Environmental Change – PLEC project) is not simply a function of the diversity of species and varieties of biota. Naturally, it does concern standard ecological biodiversity aspects (often termed 'agro-biodiversity' or 'agricultural biodiversity'). Usually it is used to tell the tale of how modern agricultural systems are tending to reduce biodiversity to the detriment of habitats, landscapes, ecosystem functions and the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity. However, agrodiversity also contains a 'good news' story that many small-holder farmers worldwide have been managing their land use to the better conservation of biological diversity, to the improvement of their biophysical environment and to the benefit of their livelihoods.


The deuterium NMR spectrum of 4-([2H11]pentyloxy)-4′-cyano[3,5-2H2]biphenyl has been measured as a function of temperature within its nematic phase. The deuterium quadrupolar coupling constants and hydrogen–deuterium dipolar coupling constant allow determination of the second-rank orientational order parameters for axes set in the rigid sub-units of the molecule. Such detailed information is of particular value in testing molecular theories of nematogens composed of flexible molecules, especially as analogous data are available for other members of the homologous series of 4-n-alkyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls. The potential applications of our new results are illustrated by testing the Emsley–Luckhurst–Stockley theory as well as determining the parameters contained in it and also by exploring the validity of the Haller extrapolation.


Time-critical applications require dynamic scheduling with predictable performance. Tasks corresponding to these applications have deadlines to be met despite the presence of faults. This paper discusses and implements the combination of a successful fault tolerant algorithm with the EDF algorithm for multiprocessors running in parallel and executing real-time applications. The algorithm is based on a popular fault-tolerant technique called primary/backup (PB) fault tolerance. The algorithm has been extended to include and consider tasks arriving dynamically unlike the PB technique which only accommodated static tasks. The backup overloading Hengming-Farnam Algorithm implements mechanisms which have helped in overcoming the limitations of the primary/backup technique. It has been successfully shown by the simulation results that primary backup overloading increases system utilization and also increases efficiency. *This work is supported in part by the UH Real-Time Systems Laboratory and the Institute for Space Systems Operations.


Introduction. Part 1: Formation of Contract. The Agreement. Form, Consideration, and Promissory Estoppel. The Terms of the Contract. Part 2: Factors Tending to Defeat Contractual Liability. Incapacity. Misrepresentation and Non-disclosure. Duress, Undue Influence, and Unconscionable Bargains. Mistake. Illegality. Part 3: Limits of the Contractual Obligation. Privity of Contract. Assignment and Negotiability. Part 4: Performance and Discharge. Performance. Discharge by Agreement. Discharge by Frustration. Discharge by Breach. Discharge by Operation of Law. Part 5: Remedies for Breach of Contract. Damages. Specific Remedies. Restitutionary Awards. Limitation of Actions. Part 6: Agency. Creation of Agency. Effect of Agency. Termination of Agent's Authority


When values of a random variable X19 X2, .., XN are fitted to a hypothe sized statistical distribution, the x2 tes* is sometimes used to determine whether the fit is accep table. When the postulated distribution is continuous and completely specified, Mann and Wald (1942) suggest a method for determining the optimum number of classes k into which the JV observations should be divided. They prove that for large enough N the power p of the xa test against a fixed alternative is always one-half or greater, provided that k is determined by a formula involving N, a distance A between the distribution and the data and a significance level a. In this report we give more general formulas relating N, k, A, and a when the power must exceed some arbitrary constant ?.


The aim of this study was to determine the optional extent of lymph node dissection of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) based on the incidence of metastasis in a retrospective single-center study.
 Patients with SCC involving and within 5 cm of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) who underwent McKeown esophagectomy without preoperative treatment were reviewed in a prospectively maintained database at a single institution from 2015 to 2021. Lymph nodes stations was based on the definitions from the Japan Esophageal Society, and lymph nodes were further classified according to the metastatic incidence rate, as follows: Category-1 (strongly recommended for dissection), rate of more than 10%; Category-2 (weakly recommended for dissection), rate of from 5% to 10%; and Category-3 (not recommended for dissection), rate of less than 5%.
 Sixty-one patients were identified. T stage was pT1 (n = 9), pT2 (n = 11), pT3 (n = 40), and pT4 (n = 1). For all patients, category-1 nodes were predominantly abdominal stations (1, 2, 3, 7) and lower mediastinal stations (110); category-2 nodes were upper-middle mediastinal stations (105,106recR,107,108); station 106recL was category-3 with a metastasis rate of 4.92%. More nodal metastases were observed in cases with upper-margin exceeding EGJ >3 cm, and station 106recL was upgraded to category-2. For pT1 SCC, category-1 was focused on station 111, with no nodal metastasis in upper-middle mediastinal. For pT2 and pT3 SCC, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal lymph node metastases were found.
 Radical total mediastinal lymph node dissection is as important as abdominal dissection for SCC at EGJ, but lymph node dissection around the left recurrent laryngeal nerve appears to be exempt in T1 patients.


The problem of the functionality of families with children with special needs will be considered from the aspect of a systemic approach to the family, where the family is studied as a system in which there are certain subsystems. It is assumed that in families with children with special needs there are some specificity in relation to patterns of interaction between subsystems. The study was organized with the aim to determine whether any dysfunction is present in family functionality in families with children with special needs. The instrument used in this study is a scale for assessing the functionality of the family system (FACES III, Olson, Portner & Levi, 1985) on the dimensions of adaptability and cohesion. The research results showed that the half-functionality system was present the most (53%), then came functional, balanced family systems (27.3%) and finally the extreme dysfunctional family system (19.7%). Dysfunction is more pronounced in the dimension of cohesion, because of the presence of networked family systems (42.5%) which support the dependence of children on their parents. The research results indicate the problems faced by parents with children with special needs and with the necessity of supporting the wider social community in solving problems faced by these families in achieving their parental roles.


Open Information Extractions (OIE) (like Nell, Reverb) frameworks provide us with domain independent facts in natural language forms containing knowledge from varied sources. Extraction mechanisms for structured knowledge bases (KB) (like DBpedia, Yago) often fail to retrieve such facts due to its resource specific extraction schemes. Hence, the structured KBs can extend themselves by augmenting
their coverage with the facts discovered by OIE systems. This possibility motivates us to integrate these two genres of extractions into one interactive framework. In this work, we present a complete, ontology independent, generalized architecture for achieving this integration. Our proposed solution is modularized which solves a specific set of tasks: (1) mapping subject and object terms from OIE
facts to KB instances (2) mapping the OIE relational phrases to object properties defined in the KB. Furthermore, in an open extraction setting identical semantic relationships can be represented by different surface forms, making it necessary to group them together. To solve this problem, (3) we propose the use of markov clustering to cluster OIE relations. Key to our approach lies in exploiting the inherent dependancies between relations and its arguments. This makes our approach completely context agnostic and generally applicable. We evaluated our method on the two state of the art extraction systems, achieving over 85% precision on instance mappings and over 90% for the relation mappings. We also created a
distant supervision based gold standard for the purpose and the data has been released as part of this work. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of clustering and empirically show its effectiveness as a relation mapping technique over other techniques. Overall, our work positions itself on the intersection of information extraction, ontology mapping and reasoning.


This paper presents an object-oriented design methodology and a supporting objectoriented language for the specification of applications in the field of network management. A general object-oriented software design methodology is presented. An example of application of this methodology for the specification of fault management functions in the case of a real, industrial, transmission system is then presented. Last, we present the desired features of an object-oriented language, MONDEL, that we are currently defining for the specification of distributed systems.


The physicochemical properties of excipients play vital roles in the process of tablet manufacture. A comparative evaluation of the binding and disintegrant properties of xerogels of cassava and cocoyam starches with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in paracetamol tablet formulations was investigated. Cassava and cocoyam starches were extracted from their tubers following standard procedures. Xerogels of both starches were prepared and used to prepare batches of paracetamol granules for direct compression into tablets at concentrations of 3.8, 7.6 and 11.4 %w/w and with 7.6 %w/w MCC for comparison. Granules were analysed for their flow properties and drug-excipient compatibility and the tablets were evaluated for their tablets properties. The paracetamol granules prepared with the xerogel powders were comparable in flow properties with those made with MCC. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses revealed no interaction between the xerogel powders and paracetamol. Increase in concentrations of the xerogel powders led to an increase in hardness, wetting time, water sorption, disintegration time, drug release and a decrease in friability of the tablets. Tablets formulated with the starch xerogel powders met compendial requirements at 7.6 %w/w concentration. The study confirms the potentials of xerogels of cassava and cocoyam starches as dry granulation binders/disintegrants. Tablets made with the xerogel powders are superior to those made with MCC in terms of disintegration time but MCC produces harder and less friable tablets, as a superior binder.


The level of transport at safety, energy consumption, and impact on the environment in Ukraine do not meet modern requirements.  In recent decades, the world has seen a sharp increase in the number of vehicles and an increase in traffic, which leads to a stolen increase in the number of traffic accidents and their negative consequences.  There is a whole range of issues that need to be solved, such as high mortality and injury rates as a result of road accidents;  a significant part of obsolete vehicles operated by Ukrainian carrier, that is inefficient and harm the environment; the imperfection of the transport safety management  system and the absence of a single coordinating body for road safety management, which is the reason for the lack of an integrated system of state road safety management; low level of coordination of actions and institutional capacity of state authorities and local governments to plan and conduct actions in the field of road safety; the imperfection of traffic accident monitoring systems, their statistics, and risk management;  ineffective approach in solving the problem of high accident rate and severity of its consequences and creating a scientific basis for activities in the field of road safety; lack of specific measurable goals to increase the level of road safety, the relevant coordinated action plan in this area; unsatisfactory technical condition of a significant number of vehicles and the lack of a system for monitoring the safety of vehicles during their operation; low level of introduction and practical application of the latest technologies and technical means of traffic organization, automated means of control and regulation of traffic; insufficient funding of measures aimed at preventing and reducing the level of accidents, reducing the number of road accidents with real consequences; low level of driver training and lack of effective control over the activities of driving schools; low level of education of the society in the field of road safety, own responsibility and observance of traffic rules, etc. The car has advantages over other types of vehicles: high mobility, relative ease of operation, the ability to deliver passengers and goods "door to door". It is these advantages of the car that are associated with the negative phenomena that accompany motorization where the lack of traffic safety is in the first place. We can name three important characteristics of modern road transport, which determine the low-level of safety: insufficient provision of road transport with appropriate in their parameters roads; insufficient isolation of traffic flows from other road users;  mass driver's profession, which causes a low average level of qualification.


This article discusses the causes of the riots in the suburbs of Paris, which took place in the period from October 27 to November 16, 2005. The author of this work in detail stopped on the problem of incorrect interpretation of those events and its direct impact on the overall perception of this problem.


PURPOSE: A microphone having an echo cancellation function is provided to transfer a voice signal offered through an ear to other party by using an echo reduction unit. CONSTITUTION: An voice outputting/processing unit(18) outputs or inputs a voice by using a first speaker(S1) and a microphone(M1). The voice outputting unit outputs the voice by using the second speaker. The voice outputting/processing unit outputs an amplified signal to the first speaker by amplifying an audio signal in fixed intensity. A first filter(24) filters the audio signal amplified from an audio amplifier. An output controlling unit(26) controls the output of the audio signal filtered from the first filter. A phase shifting unit(28) reversely turns the phase of the audio signal controlled from the output controlling unit. A signal mixing unit(30) reduces an echo component included in a signal inputted from a microphone(M1). An echo reduction unit(22) reduces the component of the signal inputted from the microphone.


The edge computing technology is of great importance in internet of things (IoT). Benefitting from the local computing ability of software defined terminal, the multi-service providing ability of IoT system is greatly enhanced. To improve the service processing efficiency with limited computing resources, this paper proposes a services sequential model and method of edge computing terminal. This proposed approach establishes the services sequential logic and the computation load of edge computing terminal. Test results show that the proposed approach can improve the edge computing ability for multiple services of IoT systems, with better computing resource schedule efficiency.


With the interest in Semantic Web applications rising rapidly, the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its accompanying vocabulary description language, RDF Schema (RDFS), have become one of the most widely used data models for representing and integrating structured information in the Web. RDF provides a simple and abstract knowledge representation for resources on the Web, while RDFS defines the terms that will be used in RDF statements and gives specific meaning to them. The Linked Data initiative, which aims at connecting data sources on the Web, has already become very popular and has exposed many datasets using RDF and RDFS. With the vast amount of available RDF data sources on the Web increasing rapidly, there is an urgent need for RDF data management. RDF storage, query processing and reasoning have been at the center of attention during the last years in the Semantic Web community and more recently in other research fields as well. This thesis presents results that advance the state-of-the-art in the research area of distributed RDF query processing and reasoning in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. We fully design and implement a P2P system, called Atlas, for the distributed query processing and reasoning of RDF and RDFS data. Atlas is built on top of distributed hash tables (DHTs), a popular case of P2P networks. The indexing scheme we deploy in our system is the triple indexing algorithm originally presented in RDFPeers where each RDF triple is indexed in the DHT three times. An important aspect of our indexing scheme is that data and schema information is handled uniformly. Although other distributed approaches assume that each node keeps all RDF schema information, we adopt a more generic approach where no global knowledge about the schema is required. In this way, our system can also handle scenarios with very big ontologies where other systems might not scale. Initially, we study algorithms for distributed RDFS reasoning in peer-to-peer networks. We design and develop distributed forward and backward chaining algorithms on top of a DHT. Our backward chaining algorithm is the first distributed top-down


This paper aims to discuss the problem of nationally oriented teaching of Russian grammar to Chinese students. The author analyzes the works that are devoted to the study of Chinese students' cognitive and psychological characteristics. The analysis revealed specific learning strategies that Chinese students use when learning a foreign language. When training a mono-ethnic group, the national-oriented approach is considered optimal. To implement this approach, a comparative analysis of systems of contacting languages is necessary to determine the zones of interlanguage and intralanguage interferences. The most important factor in the effectiveness of the educational process is the adequacy of the teachers' ideas about students from different regions. The author concludes that in order to maintain motivation for mastering the Russian language and optimize the learning process as a whole when developing curricula and class books for Chinese students, it is necessary to strive to make the learning process not only effective, but also as comfortable as possible for students. Taking into account Chinese students' cognitive and psychological characteristics will not only contribute to the development of strong grammar skills, but will also ensure the development of oral speech skills in Russian. The paper provides recommendations for intensifying the process of teaching Russian grammar to Chinese students. The following research methods were used: a comparative analysis, an analysis and a synthesis.


The aim of this article is to defend the thesis that every conversational implication is cancellable. To this end, I propose a precising definition of cancellability and, based on an analysis of examples proposed by Bach (2006) and Carston (2002), introduce the category of indirectly saying that p. I stipulate that person X said indirectly that p iff (i) X did not say (directly) that p, (ii) from what X said and the analytical truths of the language, it follows that p, and (iii) X meant that p. I definecancellability as follows: if the use of sentence S in context C implies proposition P then P is a cancellable part of this act iff there is a sentence S* and a context C* such that (i) S is a proper part of S*, (ii) S follows from S*, and (iii) P is not implied by S* in C*, but assertion of S* is admissible in C*.


1. Introduction 2. Early experiences, initial suspicions 3. Becoming a man 4. 'Then I did not believe' 5. 'My second initiation' 6. 'I see things differently now' 7. Seeking revenge 8. AIDS and Oedipus 9. Reconstructing an ideal life 10. Last words.


The application of artificial intelligence algorithms to medical data has gained relevance over the years. These algorithms can enable disease detection, image segmentation, assessment of organ functions, among other research tasks. However, to effectively apply and benefit from artificial intelligence in this context, it is important to tackle the heterogeneity and diversity of data structures and data sources. For these reasons, it is important to rely on information systems that unify data found in medical domains. This work outlines the features of an online platform that allow different roles to upload, process and research on structured medical data and medical imaging.


The actuality of secondary energy sources and the potential of economize on energy were analylcd in detail in P.Z.H Steel co. Ltd in this paper.The technology for ecomonize on energy were brought forward, such as rebuilding the boiler in themo-eletric plant、building gas pitcher for bladt furnace applying the generation technology of TRT、recycling the converer gas、improving the water recycling rate.


T IS GENERALLY assumed that the prerequisite for China to occupy her place among the economically stable nations in the postwar era is to balance her budget. Once her budget is balanced, so the argument runs, she might be looked upon as a worthy potential bidder for foreign loans as well as a safe investment risk for domestic capital. The concept of a balanced budget, as envisioned by the public mind, represents a state of affairs where total expenditures of the government are fully met by revenues from taxation. In any attempt to analyze the fiscal problems which China has to face in the postwar period, the necessity for reconstructing her economic system stands out as paramount. This reconstruction will involve huge expenditures on rebuilding the entire transportation system, factories, etc., even if the plans for reconstruction are kept within bounds. U.S.$10 billion is the amount often quoted as being needed to carry out a moderate program for reconstructing transportation and industry. This sum is in addition to the U.S.$2,500,000,000 which the Chinese Government expects to devote to relief and rehabilitation, the latter to be confined to restoring prewar agricultural, industrial and transportation capacities, and prewar public health and welfare standards. There are several views as to what might be considered a sound financial policy for China. To satisfy the most orthodox judges of fiscal policy, expenditures would have to be held within the limits of revenue from taxation. In postwar China, such a policy would be equivalent to scaling down expenditures to a level that would render major reconstruction plans impossible. That this is so ought to be readily apparent if it is remembered that for years, with the exception of 1932, Chinese government finances showed a deficit, increasing from CN$3 million in 1927 to CN$221


A diaphragm structure for integrated ultrasound transducers based on micromachining of Si is presented. This device significantly reduces a large parasitic capacitance compared to a nonmicromachined structure, improving transducer sensitivity and minimum detectable signal. It also reduces acoustical crosstalk between transducer elements. Micromachined transducer elements are also shown to be less directive in an array, an indication of crosstalk reduction.<<ETX>>


Three mass relations are pointed out that may be useful in extending a model of e (as Fe/sup 59 -N interactions to strange particles and hyperon isobars. (C.E.S.)


In the given work we suggested the definition of the integrated teaching, explained the necessity of integration in education and opened the essence of integrated teaching of the English and Kazakh languages in the context of open education.


A morphologic classification system of malignant tumors, usually relating to disease progression and clinical outcome. It is based upon the presence or absence of several morphologic parameters, including tumor cell necrosis, cytologic atypia, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic figures, the architectural infiltrating patterns, and the degree of tumor cell differentiation. Malignant tumors usually are graded I-III. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


To investigate the value of anti‐helicobacter pylori (Hp) antibody, serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)‐724, CA19‐9, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of young patients with early gastric cancer.


It is a supreme irony that even if the spread of missile technology can be constrained, proliferation of missiles will likely remain unconstrained. Today, more than 30 countries possess missiles with ranges of 150 km or greater (Arms Control Association 2014). In 2016 alone, nations including China, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Russia, and the United States have conducted tests meant either to develop new missiles or to improve existing ones. Most if not all of these tests have showcased missiles based primarily on indigenous technology – underlying the reality that technology denial alone will not prevent missile development. A few factors help explain these proliferation trends. First, in the words of a UN panel of government experts (Panel of Governmental Experts 2008), "there is still no universal norm, treaty, or agreement governing the development, testing, production, acquisition, possession, transfer, deployment, or use of missiles." To be sure, concern overmissiles is amatter of broad consensus, particularly for missiles capable of carrying nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD). But little agreement exists about how to address theWMDmissile challenge. At best, the UN Security Council has produced countryspecific resolutions regarding instances ofmissile proliferation that threaten international peace and security, for example, where Iran and North Korea are concerned. Second, a general diffusion of information and technology from the original suppliers means that almost any country that decides to acquire WMD-capable missiles will, regardless of its economic strength and technological capability, manage to do so – despite the best efforts of the international community. Sanctions, or constraints on technology transfers, might slow a missile program. But they are unlikely to stop it if the country is determined. Third, even if the majority of proliferating countries must beg, borrow, or steal technology and materials in the initial stages of their WMD-capable missile programs, they will eventually establish indigenous capabilities – thus insulating themselves against sanction regimes that seek to block the export of weapon-related dual-use technology.


Purpose. To investigate the distribution of Müller cells in the foveal region of the human retina. Methods. After fixation with 4% glutaraldehyde, the percentages of the area of Müller cells were calculated at the macula, posterior pole, equator, and periphery by electron microscopy. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, the silver enhancing technique was applied to show glutamine synthetase (GS) and L-glutamate/L-apartate transporter (GLAST). Furthermore, for the solubilized retinas at each region, Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect GS and GLAST in the extracts. Results. The percentages of the area of Müller cells in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were 12.3 ± 2.7, 22.1 ± 4.5, 23.6 ± 1, and 26.7 ± 4.5%, respectively. We confirmed less GS and GLAST immunoreactivity in the foveal region. ELISA and Western blot analysis revealed that the amounts of GS and GLAST in the foveal region were smaller than those in any other region. Conclusions. These results showed that the density of Müller cells is low in the foveal region.


[Objective] To find out the current situation of market food contaminations in Shanghai.[Methods] Different kinds of market food samples were collected from each monitoring spots in Shanghai.More than 130 items were examed including metal contamination,pesticide residues,fungus toxins,contaminations from food production and pathogen.[Results] Monitoring result during 2006-2007 showed,chemical contaminations such as arsenic,mercury,chromium,selenium,aflatoxin M_1,deoxynivalenol,patulin,N-nitrosamine,chloropropanol and pathogens such as E.coli O157:H7,Campylobacter jejuni in foods were at low level;contamination of lead,cadmium,arsenic in most foods,chloropropanol in condiment was lower than the 2000 and 2003-2004 national monitoring level.The main contamination issue at the present time includes lead in preserved egg (0.421 mg/kg),cadmium in animal kidney and liver (0.094 and 0.781 mg/kg),aflatoxin B,in peanut (4.693μg/kg),benzopyrenes in smoked or roasted meat(1.721μg/kg),dicofol in tea(detection rate 31.84%),organophosphorous and carbamic pesticide residues in vegetable (over standard rate 4.38% and 2.42%),Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes in raw meat ( detection rate 3.64%~6.13%) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic product (detection rate 5.65%).[Conclusion] The overall level of contaminations in market food were low,but some foods were still contaminated.Pertinent measures should be taken to reduce the contaminations ingesting.


At the moment, Teaching of practical writing in Technical Institutes of higher-learning has made a few achievements but is still confronted with problems such as inappropriate curriculum, conflicts between teachers and teaching, lagging behind the times of the compiling of the textbooks and the great difference among writing levels of students. The article, aiming at these problems, puts forward solutions such as to consolidate teaching studies in Practical Writing, redesigning an appropriate curriculum, reforming the present class teaching and compiling new teaching materials accordingly etc.


Purpose To develop a clinically relevant porcine model for the study of hepatic metabolism of drugs by means of hepatic vein catheterization. Materials and Methods: review of literature and elaboration of a hypothesis, design of an experimental method. Results: recent clinical studies were conducted by withdrawing cirrhotic patients' blood from right hepatic vein during hepatic vein pressure gradient measurements. Basing on our personal clinical experience and evaluation of research needs, an experimental model is proposed. Conclusions: contemporary measurement of peripheral and hepatic concentration of drugs by peripheral vein and hepatic vein catheterization can be used to create a reliable and reproducible porcine model to study liver metabolism of drugs in vivo.


Tropomyosin (Tpm) binds along actin filaments and regulates myosin binding to control muscle contraction. Tropomodulin binds to the pointed end of a filament and regulates actin dynamics, which maintains the length of a thin filament. To define the structural determinants of these Tpm functions, we examined the effects of two congenital myopathy mutations, A4V and R91C, in the Tpm gene, TPM3, which encodes the Tpm3.12 isoform, specific for slow‐twitch muscle fibers. Mutation A4V is located in the tropomodulin‐binding, N‐terminal region of Tpm3.12. R91C is located in the actin‐binding period 3 and directly interacts with actin. The A4V and R91C mutations resulted in a 2.5‐fold reduced affinity of Tpm3.12 homodimers for F‐actin in the absence and presence of troponin, and a two‐fold decrease in actomyosin ATPase activation in the presence of Ca2+. Actomyosin ATPase inhibition in the absence of Ca2+ was not affected. The Ca2+ sensitivity of ATPase activity was decreased by R91C, but not by A4V. In vitro, R91C altered the ability of tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1) to inhibit actin polymerization at the pointed end of the filaments, which correlated with the reduced affinity of Tpm3.12‐R91C for Tmod1. Molecular dynamics simulations of Tpm3.12 in complex with F‐actin suggested that both mutations reduce the affinity of Tpm3.12 for F‐actin binding by perturbing the van der Waals energy, which may be attributable to two different molecular mechanisms—a reduced flexibility of Tpm3.12‐R91C and an increased flexibility of Tpm3.12‐A4V.


This paper collects together early IAU Circular observations, plots the light curve, and presents our own spectra of V475 Scuti (Nova Sct 2003). We describe the early spectral evolution of this nova during the 7 weeks after its discovery. The principal spectra show this nova to be a common Fe ii type (R. E. Williams et al.). The nova displayed dominant Balmer lines and numerous Fe ii multiplets (42, 48, 49, 55, and 74), with strong, well‐distributed P Cygni profiles that disappeared near the end of our observations. Spectral evolution produced low‐ionization forbidden lines consistent with an auroral phase (R. E. Williams et al.). V475 Sct was a fast nova, with t2 = 22 days and with a type Ba light curve (H. W. Duerbeck) from the American Association of Variable Star Observers. The Hα velocity widths showed a twofold increase, together with an unusual broadening of the line, during our observations. The lack of structure within the high‐resolution Hα profiles suggests that the nova is exhibiting an isotropic expansion as an optically thick wind, which may result in material falling back onto the white dwarf. We encourage further monitoring.


It is a common fate of long-term ecosystem observation programs that, after some years, the merit of continuation is put to question. The reason for such doubt in their value is not due to operating costs alone, but is rooted in the common view that long-term observations smack of "monitoring": simple stockpiling of data, passive lying in wait for potential serendipitous discoveries, endeavors that have little in common with the accepted way to conduct hypothesis or question driven research. Our claims and postulates are examined at the hand of examples of long-term measurements of ecosystem-atmosphere exchange measurements over forests in the US Midwest and Southern Germany.


An observer of urban life in the Baltic provinces of the Russian Empire during the second half of the nineteenth century might have found the German word Volkswerdung singularly appropriate for describing the character of urban change. Riga, Wolmar, Wenden, Fellin, Pemau, and Dorpat in Livland; Libau and Mitau in Kurland; and Reval in Estland-in all these towns the number of inhabitants was increasing rapidly.' Yet in the Baltic area mere numerical expansion was not the most important change. The more dramatic break with the past lay in the rapid growth and reconstitution of those urban language groups that also possessed a new consciousness of nationality. German speakers-for centuries the proprietors of urban land, occupations, and culture-were crowded aside by Latvian and Estonian speakers, whose vociferous leaders saw this process of displacement as long overdue and its conclusion as preordained. The population of the major city of Riga, for instance, expanding from 102,590 inhabitants in 1867 to 282,230 in 1897, experienced a reversal of the significant language groups: in 1867, 24 percent of the city population was Latvian-speaking and 43 percent German-speaking, while in 1897, Latvian speakers made up 45 percent and German speakers 22 percent of the total (see table 1).2


Traveling of cathode plasma flow of a steady state arc through a transport system based on a curved magnetic field and supplied with an additional governing electrode is studied. Characteristic of the system is that the metallic guiding duct is absent as well as that the magnetic field is produced by the coils located beyond the plasma flow trajectory. It is shown that position of cathode plasma flow at exit of the transport system is governed by currents of the magnetic coils. If the coil currents hold constant, biasing of the electrode governs both shape of the plasma flow and position of its maximum. It is found that these positions when both the magnetic field and bias hold constant are distinct for different cathode materials, so that the system, in principle, can be used for spatial separation of a multi-component (by mass) plasma flow.


The chemokine receptor CCR5 is one of the major co-receptors for HIV-1 cellular entry.HIV-1 replication can be blocked to some extent by inhibiting the expression of CCR5.RNA interfence(RNAi) is a sequence-specific intracellular mechanism of gene silence.Recent studies have shown that microRNAs(miRNAs) posses more characteristics of inhibition and expression mechanisms than small interfering RNAs(siRNAs).In this study,we explored the construction of artificial miRNA element against CCR5 effectively and specifically.Fourteen miRNA sequences were selected based on the sequence of CCR5 gene and the target sequence in the stem-loop structure of the native miR-30a was replaced with the artifical miRNA sequence separately.Using various reporter plasmids containing different target sequences,the activities of the constructs against CCR5 were determined and miCCR-13A was selected from the candidates.miCCR-13A expression vector was then transfected into CCR5-positive TZM-b1 cells,miCCR-13A expression was confirmed by RT-PCR detection in transformed cells,and the CCR5 expression was effectively inhibited by miCCR-13A in transformed cells comparing to control cells.Results also showed that cell viabilities and intracellular stat1 and osa1 mRNA levels were not affected by miCCR-13A expression in transformed cells.miCCR-13A is a promising candidate for future research on HIV-1 therapy.


Hip Joint capsular specimens that maintained from 10 children who were operated on because of Perthes disease and 10 children who were treated because of another hip pathology, examined with light and electronmicroscope. We watched irregularity and abnormality in collagen and elastic fibrils of the hip joint capsular specimens that of Perthes disease. Also we believe to the fact that the capsula is virtually incapable of being distensible will increase intra-articular pressure in the hip joint especially after a transient synovitis attack.


We propose a color holographic projection with space-division method, which records a color information on a hologram by dividing and distributing each color channel in space.


Background: Vascular stem cell dead impairs the regenerating capacity of the arterial wall with atherosclerosis. A patented technology has been developed to employ biofunctional echogenic immunolip...


In order to study the structure of neutralino star and dark galaxy, we consider dynamical interactions due to boson-exchange in the neutralino matter. Taking into account interactions of neutralinos with bosons, we derive the equation of state (EOS) of neutralino stars in terms of the relativistic mean-field approach. Then we apply the resulting EOS to investigate properties of the neutralino star such as its density profile and mass limit. For example, if the neutralino mass is around 1 TeV, the Oppenheimer mass limit of the neutralino star is obtained as 6.06 × 10−7M⊙, and the corresponding radius is about 7.8 mm. Actually, due to an increasing annihilation rate as indicated by our calculation, this dense state can never be realized in practice. Our results also show that the low-density neutralino star may be a possible aggregation of the cold dark matter.


The sovereignty ofthe nation state, even in the developed world, is more problematic than at any time since 1945. In that light, this essay maintains that nation-building, partly through systems of schooling, has served rather more to debase than improve the rural circumstance. It suggests that a different logic of improvement is needed in rural education, but refrains from prescriptions. Instead, discussion focuses attention on the sort ofquestions that researchers (and school improvers) might ask either to discover or to invent varieties of that different logic. The essay distinguishes local from cosmopolitan interests and provides examples of issues that exhibit the distinction. I remind readers that the word "essay" indicates tentativeness.


Low-power wireless technology promises greater flexibility and lower costs in cyber-physical systems. To reap these benefits, communication protocols must deliver packets reliably within real-time deadlines across resource-constrained devices, while adapting to changes in application requirements (e.g., traffic demands) and network state (e.g., link qualities). Existing protocols do not solve all these challenges simultaneously, because their operation is either localized or a function of network state, which changes unpredictably over time. By contrast, this article claims a global approach that does not use network state information as input can overcome these limitations. The Blink protocol proves this claim by providing hard guarantees on end-to-end deadlines of received packets in multi-hop low-power wireless networks, while seamlessly handling changes in application requirements and network state. We build Blink on the non-real-time Low-Power Wireless Bus (LWB) and design new scheduling algorithms based on the earliest-deadline-first policy. Using a dedicated priority queue data structure, we demonstrate a viable implementation of our algorithms on resource-constrained devices. Experiments show that Blink (i) meets all deadlines of received packets, (ii) delivers 99.97% of packets on a 94-node testbed, (iii) minimizes communication energy consumption within the limits of the underlying LWB, (iv) supports end-to-end deadlines of 100ms across four hops and nine sources, and (v) runs up to 4.1 × faster than a conventional scheduler implementation on popular microcontrollers.


The rise in health and social care costs has prompted a critical look at the way health and social care services are managed and delivered. There has been a significant change in assessing the performance and evaluating the outcomes of services. Where once only performance outcome data related to service efficiency were required, now evidence of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness is demanded. When evaluating the outcomes of service delivery, it is important to measure performance outcomes (related to service efficiency), clinical outcomes (related to service effectiveness) and economic outcomes (related to cost-effectiveness). This lecture examines the interdependent relationship between performance, clinical and economic outcomes in service delivery which is underpinned by strong leadership, the application of various service improvement strategies and collaborative research between managers, clinicians, researchers and health economists, with patient and public involvement. Service improvement strategies based on practice-based and research-based evidence will be suggested to optimise performance, clinical and economic outcomes. My lecture concludes that occupational therapists should adopt these service improvement strategies and conduct clinical researches and economic evaluations to develop an efficient, effective and cost-effective service which can meet the client's needs by using allocated resources and is value for money from a commissioning perspective.


This exclusion is studied through "helping professions" professional intervening actors that help Roma to overcome the exclusion. Results used in this text come from two ethnographic research projects realized between 2008-2013. The text contains mixed approach, inductive ethnographic, stemming from my extensive research data and deductive or theory-driven. Methodologically the research belongs to the broad area of qualitative approach to social research, especially cognitive anthropological, psychoanalytical and that of individual psychology. First theoretical part, using mainly concepts of cognitive anthropology and distibutive theory of culture is focused on the theoretical question of the concept of culture and how it can be used for the "Roma culture" concept in relationship with the question of "majority". The second part consists mainly of a reinterpretation of the question of exclusion and Roma culture from the point of view of the concept of distantiation and expands it into Frantz Fanon inspired theory of confrontation. Third part is predominatly empirical and ethnograpical and consists of an inquiry into cognitive models of the help from exclusion as observed in helping professions. Conclusions from first two parts are used as basis of interpretation of the questions arising from the problem of desegregation.


The method used in this research is a literature study by collecting several sources of previous research that discuss the same topic as the research to be conducted, namely from 6 journals. The purpose of this research is to describe how the implementation and benefits of the application of web-based guidance and counseling at the SMK level and to determine the effectiveness of using the application of website-based guidance and counseling at the SMK level. Based on the findings from 6 journals, it shows that the application of website-based guidance and counseling applications at the SMK level is very effective and good for application to students, because there are many conveniences for counseling teachers at school.


With the discovery of organic drugs, the use of silver in preventing infections decreased. Thirty years after World War II, silver once again began to receive clinical importance. 3 Among the various antimicrobial agents available, the use of silver in wound treatment on skin is high, as silver is considered to be relatively safe. 4-8 Silver ions have been described as oligodynamic as even their minute concentrations show bactericidal effects. 9-11


The present invention relates to a new "Chinese oil painting pigment" manufacturing methods, using this method for manufacturing a pigment to draw Chinese painting, painting techniques can be used to maintain the original oil painting of water instead of painting followed in the past, and the same style of painting using a variety of materials and products for permanent preservation provide a reliable guarantee. This method will produce the pigment Chinese painting drawn on each commodity, rich color art to improve the artistic level and beautify people's lives, the ability of water, light, corrosion-resistant, durable, bright colors and so on.


Periodontal disease is an infectious inammatory disease related to the destruction of supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to a functional loss of the teeth. Inammatory molecules present in the exudate are catalyzed and form different metabolites that can be identied and quantied. With recent advances in mass spectrometry technology, metabolomics research is now widely conducted in various research elds. Periodontology has made signicant advances in both therapeutic applications and research. Metabolomics, also termed as metabolomic analysis, is a technology that enables the comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites in living organisms. With the development of metabolite analysis, methods using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry, etc. have progressed, making it possible to analyze a wider range of metabolites and to detect metabolites at lower concentrations. This review attempts to better understand the arising need for metabolites for better diagnosis and treatment of periodontitis.


The duty of protective systems is the timely detection of fault and removing it from the power network. The accuracy of the results and reducing the execution time of the optimizing algorithm are two crucial elements in selecting optimizing algorithms in protective functions. The most important protective elements that are used in power networks are distance and overcurrent relays. In this article, a new algorithm is presented to solve the optimization problem of coordination of overcurrent and distance relays by using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm which considers the non-linear model overcurrent relays at all stages of setting. The proposed method is tested on a standard 8-bus power system network. Also the results obtained have been compared with other evolutionary algorithms. The results show that the proposed approach can be provide more effective and practical solutions to minimize the time function of the relays and achieving optimal coordination in comparison with previous studies on optimal coordination of overcurrent and distance relays in power system networks.


We investigate the effect of using wordspace models as an approximation of the kind of lexico-semantic and commonsense knowledge needed for coreference resolution of definite descriptions, that is, definite NPs with a common noun as head, for Swedish news text. We contrast a system using semantic knowledge from the word-space models with a semantically ignorant system and another system drawing its semantic information from a semantic dictionary called SynLex. We demonstrate an improvement in the results for two different evaluation tasks for the system using word space-derived semantic information over both other systems.


Velocity and temperature boundary layers developed on a plane wall by ideal shock-tube flow are considered for weak shock and expansion waves. Analytically, the boundary layer consists of three regions, bounded by (1) expansion-wave head, (2) diaphragm location, (3) contact discontinuity, (4) shock. The flow fields (1, 2) and (3, 4) are, essentially, known. In the interaction region (2, 3), these flow fields merge, the governing equations are 'singular parabolic' and admit boundary conditions usually associated with elliptic equations. It is convenient to replace the weak expansion wave in the main flow by a line discontinuity. A consistent linearization scheme can now be devised to obtain the solution in the three regions. In (2, 3), the resulting linear singular parabolic equations for the first-order solutions are solved successfully by an iterative finite difference method, normally applied to elliptic equations.


Geo-tagging is becoming increasingly common as location information is associated with various data that is collected from a variety of sources. In the field of media, images and most recently videos, can be automatically tagged with the geographic position of the camera. Geographic location provides an interesting means of browsing through, and "drilling into," large video repositories. At the same time complementary efforts are underway to create so-called mirror-worlds - large-scale environments that are essentially detailed computer-models of our three-dimensional real world. However, these mirror worlds are for the most part static (for example they include buildings and trees). Here we describe our efforts to bring together these two paradigms by enabling Google Earth (and similar tools) to come to life with videos that geographically and perspectively correctly placed as "viewports" inside the world. In essence this reflects the next step in the evolution of mirror worlds and maps with (panoramic) still images towards a three-dimensional, dynamic environment


Our focus is on designing and synthesizing nanostructured materials having high specific capacitances. To achieve this, we have electrodeposited ultrathin films and/or nanoparticles of manganese oxides (MnOx) onto sheets of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using either the linear potential sweep or potentiostatic methods. The morphology and electrochemical properties of the resulting composites depend on the amount of MnOx deposited and deposition conditions. The best composites obtained to date have large specific capacitances (Csp ≤ 1250 F/g), high charge/discharge rate capabilities, and excellent cyclic stability. High performance composites result from both the enhanced surface area and enhanced electron-transport capabilities of MnOx nanoparticles as well as the superior conductivity of the CNT sheets. Related composites are envsioned as electrodes for lithium batteries and super-capacitors.


This project concerns itself with user submissions to the social news site Reddit. Each post to this site must be made to a particular subreddit, which can be thought of as a message board for a collection of users interested in a (possibly loosely defined) topic. The largest subreddits are generally oriented around a single dimension of the posts which can either be content-based, like the subreddits for politics and gaming, or presentation-based like subreddits for pictures and videos. The goal of this project is to create a statistical classification system which, trained on a sufficient amount of new submissions (labelled with their intended subreddit), will be able to classify future submissions into these subreddits. We will explore our model's performance on an increasing number of top subreddits, both to better characterize its performance and to monitor the amount of ambiguity introduced by new categories.


Pancasila as an Open Ideology carries the meaning that it is capable of adapting to the changing times. The fundamental values of Pancasila, which are inherent in the Pancasila ideology, must be firmly held and cannot be altered. The openness pertains to the implementation's elaboration, which can be adjusted to the needs and real challenges faced by the Indonesian nation in each period. This study aims to understand the development of the Pancasila ideology in the era of globalization. The method used in this research is normative juridical research. The results of the study show that globalization cannot be avoided, but the Indonesian nation must take action, establish a determination to build independence with the spirit of modernization in the global era, while still adhering firmly to the Pancasila ideology.


The structure in high seismic areas may be susceptible to the severe damage. Now a days steel bracings in steel structure are most popular system to resist lateral load due to earthquake. Braced frame resist seismic excitation with comparatively less deformations than gravity load resisting system as they form a stiff system. Steel bracing is economical, easy to erect, occupies less space and has flexibility for meeting the required strength and stiffness. In the present work it is exposed, effect of seismic loading in 15 storey regular bare building using ETABS software. This buildings adapted different types of bracings such as diagonal, braced diagonal, X, K, K with bracing, chevron, braced chevron, V, eccentric diagonal and Knee bracings. The seismic response are evaluated by using equivalent static analysis, response spectrum analysis and linear time history analysis for bhuj earthquake data on ZoneV. Finally analysis results are carried out such as maximum storey displacement, inter storey drift, storey shear and natural time period. Based on the results regular braced buildings are compared and studied best braced structure to resist lateral loads. In three methods of analysis results in regular braced models, X bracings and chevron bracings system showed better resistance to seismic forces than the other specified bracing systems. The bracings provide adequate stiffness and continuous load path.


:  Michael Williams and Crispin Wright have claimed that we are epistemically justified in believing hinge propositions, such as there is an external world. In a recent paper Allan Hazlett puts forward an argument that purports to elucidate the source of such justification. This paper reconstructs Hazlett's argument and offers a criticism of it.


Explores the House of Lords ruling in Majrowski v Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Trust on whether the Court of Appeal had erred in its decision upon whether an employer was vicariously liable for harassment by an employee in the course of their employment, where such actions were in breach of the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 s.3. Examines the opinions given by the Lords and how they assessed the previous decision, in particular the minority judgments. Notes the implications for employers.


Attempts to promote sustainability in the clothing industry have focused on using eco-materials and more resource efficient production, however the scale of production and consumption has increased to levels where the benefits of technical improvements are reduced. Creating true sustainability in the fashion industry requires reducing the material flow of clothing, addressing both sustainable production and consumption. Clothing producers must shift the focus of their operations from exchange value to use value, which offers opportunities to increase garment quality and reduce quantity demanded through encouraging consumers to engage in fashion through wearing, not purchasing, clothes. Because the success of this approach depends on designing clothes able to satisfy both the functional and emotional values of consumers, I surveyed 18-25 year old individuals to evaluate what needs they perceive to be satisfying through shopping for and purchasing clothing, what psychological mechanisms induce increasing consumption, and what effects clothing qualities have on their clothing consumption. Respondents shopped for and purchased clothing to satisfy the needs for leisure, identity, affection, and participation, frequently went shopping out of impulse, and made purchases to experience stimulation through new clothing. They would later be dissatisfied with their clothing and mainly disposed of clothes because of quality-related problems. I provide fashion design solutions that can stimulate wearers' personal involvement in generating satisfaction, breaking the cycle of passive acquisition of clothing and creating clothing that is meaningful to the wearer over a longer period of time: clothing that can sustain both environmental and human well-being.


Dalit literature traces back its origin in revolutionary struggle of Dalits against socio-economic,cultural and religious manipulation of rigid cultures, orthodox religions and conservative ethnicgroups. It mainly highlights on the victimization of Dalits and the forms of oppression. It bringsthe consciousness of being Dalit in the context of established, authorized and legitimized classes,castes, religions and races.This research paper concentrates on unique nature of Dalitliterature. The paper also attempts to show the significance of victimization of Dalits which theyfound in the optimism of freedom from torture, oppression, manipulation of established castes inIndia.


The problem of scattering from jet engine inlets is very important in applied electromagnetics, but standard numerical methods are expensive to employ, due to excessive memory and CPU time requirements. To reduce the computational cost the inherent cylindrical periodicity of the geometry is exploited, in conjunction with the adaptive integral method (AIM), one of the so-called "fast algorithms", with memory requirements and complexity as low as O(N/sup 1/.5) and O(N/sup 1/.5log/sub 2/N) respectively. We investigate the application of AIM for radar cross section computations of simplified jet engine inlet models.


In this paper, the Maximal Node Containing Matching (MNCM) , is a latest set of matching algorithms that achieve 100% throughput with no speedup. The MNCM policies only need to include ports whose weight (backlog) are above a threshold in the matching rather than finding a matching with maximum total weight. This simplified requirement enables to introduce a new matching algorithm, Maximal First Matching (MFM) , with O(N2.5) complexity. It shows that MFM is a low complexity algorithm with good delay performance. It also compare the performance of MFM with other matching scheduling algorithms (LQF and MSM), and the simulation results illustrate that MFM provides the best delay-throughput performance.


Risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients who are hospitalized with medical illnesses is thought to be high enough to justify prophylactic


A phenomenon that occurs in the human resource development efforts in Indonesia, especially in Kepulauan Riau through character education tend toward cognitive knowledge, and less a local wisdom resulting in failure to achieve the purpose of the formation of the character itself. With the development of social thought in the direction of the systemic and mechanical as the modernization of information and technology, impact on students in the cultural imagery that is not necessarily suited to the development of the character of the local community. It is make the importance to bring of spiritual values embodied in the manuscript sufi teachings to the strengthening of character education in Kepulauan Riau.
Keywords: character education, local wisdom, sufi teachings.


Photovoltaic energy has an increased importance in present day electrical power applications, because it is considered as an essentially inexhaustible and broadly available energy resource. However, the output power provided via the Photo Voltaic (PV) conversion process depends on solar irradiation and temperature. Therefore, to maximize the efficiency of the photovoltaic energy system, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of the PV array. This project proposes a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) method, based on Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), applied to a stand-alone photovoltaic system. It uses a sampling measure of the PV array power and voltage to determine an increment required, to have the optimal operating voltage which permits Maximum Power Point Tracking. This method carries high accuracy around the optimum point when compared to the other conventional MPPT algorithms. The proposed system consists of a stand-alone PV system, DC/DC Boost converters and a load .Converter regulates voltage and current to provide a continuous maximum power to the load. The simulation results shows the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller applied for the PV system and the simulation is done by using MATLAB.


1 Correa C. 2010. Geographical Indications and the Obligation to Disclose the Origin of Biological Materials: Is a Compromise Possible under TRIPS? ICTSD Policy Brief No 8; see also ICTSD's IP website, http://www.iprsonline.org. Ever since the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and soon after the World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being, geographical indications (GIs) have been a neglected area in the various fora addressing biodiversity and intellectual property. This neglect is due to several reasons, among them the fact that GIs were long viewed as a protectionist strategy and an issue of interest mainly to Mediterranean Europe. Moreover, the historical continental old/new world divide has influences discussions while the aura of gourmetism or of a champagne syndrome has not been useful. For long the combination of these factors did not allow for the careful consideration of GIs, for example in the article 8j discussions within the CBD.


The reliability screening and sorting of the solar cells can be quickly and nondestructively realized by measuring their internal low frequency noise.In this paper the screening method based on Mahalanobis distance is proposed to analyze the noise data,so the screening criterion for the whole frequency band can be achieved.Experimental results show that this method is more efficient compared with the usual screening method based on the value of a special frequency point.The screening method based on Mahalanobis distance comprehensively reflects the low frequency noise of the solar cell;it can distinguish not only the solar cells with big 1/f noise,but also the solar cells with G-R noise and burst noise.So this method can sort solar cells more accurately and precisely according to their reliability.


When hypnosis is featured in the media, it is often to report some 'miraculous' cure. This paper reviews four apparently miraculous cases from the author's own experience and identifies what they have in common in an attempt to provide a rational explanation for them. Relevant factors identified include expectancy, distraction, motivation, compliance, imagination, relaxation, attribution and cognitive change. Of particular importance are circumstances that prevent the individual from escaping or avoiding the feared situation and the role of suggestion, including the powerful implicit suggestions conveyed by the belief that 'hypnosis' is being used. Copyright © 1998 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis


Objective To approach the curative effect of Elcosapentaenoic embolism treatment on varicoele. Methods Fifteen cases of varicoele were treated by Elcosapentaenoic embolism.To analysce the curative effect on the changes of the quantity of the semen pregnancy. Results After the treatment, the quality of the 15 patients'semen was improved. the quantity and activity rate of spermatozoon were improved,And the pregnancy was as high as 50%. Conclusions The treatment of elcosapentaenoic embolism is an easy,economy way to treat cirsocele. The curative effect is satisfied,it is worth to popularize.


Objective
To explore the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment of infected abortion complicated with sepsis.

Methods
The clinical datum of 4 cases of infected abortion complicated with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were admitted in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics in The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from Jaunary to December 2013. The clinical datum included information of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment.

Results
All the 4 cases of infected abortion complicated with sepsis had a history of vaginal or intrauterine invasive operation. The 4 patients had hyperpyrexia, abdominal pain, vagina bleeding; and the laboratory indicators of procalcitonin, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentages were increasing. All the patients were after comprehensive treatment of anti-infection and antishock; 3 cases were recovered and discharged, 1 case became better and discharged.

Conclusion
The infected abortion complicated with sepsis is an emergency severe disease, therefore early diagnosis and timely anti-infection and other comprehensive treatment are needed.

Key words:
Abortion, septic; Sepsis; Shock, septic; Therapeutic uses


Abstract. In this article, we study sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of positive solutions to the following coupled system of fractional order differential equations with antiperiodic boundary conditions { cDα u(t)+ f (t,v(t),c Dα−1v(t)) = 0, cDβ v(t)+g(t,u(t),c Dβ−1u(t)) = 0, 0 < t < 1, u(0) = −u(1),v(0) = −v(1), Dpu(0) = −Dpu(1), Dqv(0) = −Dqv(1), where 1 < α ,β 2,α − p 1,β − q 1 and 0 < p,q < 1, f , g : [0,1]×R×R → R are continuous functions and D stands for Caputo derivative. We use Banach and Schauder fixed point theorems to develop sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of positive solutions. We also study sufficient conditions for existence of multiple positive solutions and conditions for non existence of solutions. We provide several examples to show the applicability of our results. We also link our analysis for the problem to equivalent integral equations.


China has adopted purchase of services to facilitate the development of the societal sector, including social organisations, the social work profession and social services. Project†based and post†based purchases are two typical policy designs. Why do the local states develop two different designs to serve similar intentions? The answers to this question contribute to the broader discussion of policymaking and social development in China. Using the intention†capacity analytic framework, this study systemically compares Guangzhou's project†based model and Shenzhen's post†based model by drawing upon an extensive review of policy and archive documents, key informant interviews and field observations. The comparative study suggests that a pro†market ideology and incomplete analytical capacity in policy learning directed the design thinking towards market mechanism and purchase of services. Without the organisational conditions of social organisation and social work in Guangzhou, rapid growth in the social work workforce became the top priority in Shenzhen. Meanwhile, the trustworthiness of newly developing social organisations is another concern. All of these concerns underpinned the post†based design. Both models, with substantial fiscal support, succeed in expanding the societal sectors. But the mix of market and hierarchy tools, for the post†based model in particular, is an obstacle in further enabling social organisation and the social work profession. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Numero 99 Septiembre - Diciembre 2000 Nueva Serie Ano XXXIII ISSN 0041 8633 CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE ANTECEDENTES DEL DERECHO DIPLOMATICO Jose Juan de OLLOQUI This article examines the antecedents of a branch of the law that has not been sufficiently stu-died in Mexico. It refers to the bo-dy of legal norms that govern the relationships created among the di-fferent organs of the subjects of in-ternational law that are permanently or temporarily in charge of the ex-ternal relations of said subjects. The author reviews the antecedents of these kind of norms, starting from the Ancient cultures and the Middle Ages, up to the Congress of Vienna, including references to the Renaissance, the peace of West-falia and the Napoleonic era. * Nota: Debido que la traduccion es automatica podra ser inexacta o contener errores.


Objective— Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Because stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is known for its ability to attract inflammatory cells, we investigated whether SDF-1/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis is expressed in aneurysmal aortic wall and plays a role in AAA physiopathology and asked whether its blockade modulates AAA formation and expansion. Approach and Results— Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that SDF-1&agr; and CXCR4 mRNA levels are increased in both human and CaCl2-induced mouse AAA wall and are positively correlated to the aortic diameter in mice. ELISA quantification and immunostaining demonstrated that, in mice, aortic SDF-1&agr; is rapidly induced during AAA formation, first by apoptotic vascular smooth muscle cells in the injured media and then by adventitial macrophages once AAA is fully established. Using green fluorescent protein-positive (GFP+/−) bone marrow transplantation experiments, we demonstrated that aortic SDF-1 overexpression is implicated in the recruitment of bone marrow–derived macrophages within the AAA wall. Furthermore, in mice, blockade of CXCR4 by AMD3100 decreases the infiltration of adventitial macrophages, inhibits AAA formation, and prevents aortic wall destruction. AMD3100 reduces the mRNA levels of MMP-12 and MMP-14 as well as that of inflammatory effectors MCP-1, MIP-1&bgr;, MIP-2&agr;, RANTES, IL-1&bgr;, IL-6, TNF-&agr;, and E-selectin. Finally, AMD3100 stabilizes the diameter of formed, expanding AAAs in 2 experimental models. Conclusions— SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is upregulated in human and mouse AAAs. Blockade of CXCR4 with AMD3100 suppresses AAA formation and progression in two rodent models. Blockade of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may represent a new strategy to limit progression of small human AAAs.


Corporate donation might come out from the charity motivation of social responsibility or the motivation of strategic performance improvement.This study found that in China's capital market nowadays,donation had not been approved by market and given negative evaluation,because shareholders would consider that donation reduced the resources and profits available for distribution and damaged the interests of shareholders.If corporate donation with more motivation to improve the strategic performance,market would give an active and positive evaluation and it could reveal more information of profit.The possible reason was that markets and investors were more concerned about short-term profit.


The KOTO experiment is the E14 at J-PARC, designed to discover KL → π0νν̄ events based on the KEK-PS E391a experiment. The CP-violation parameter , η , can be determined from the branching ratio of KL → π0νν̄ with 1−2 % theoretical uncertainty and it is highly sensitive to the TeV-scale new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In ord er to achieve the SM sensitivity, an improvement of three orders of magnitude is needed for K OTO, compared to E391a. We aim to discoverKL → π0νν̄ events in 3 years from 2011, using high intensity beam at J-PA RC to increase the number of KL, constructing new beamline to suppress halo neutrons, and u pgrading the E391a detector to suppress backgrounds based on the E391 a experience.


Aims During mid-January and mid-February 2008,an unexpected severe ice storm occurred over southern China that caused heavy damage to forests. Our objectives were to examine the effect of this storm on subtropical planted forests and to quantify biomass and carbon losses. Methods We evaluated damage to the forest ecosystem at Qianyanzhou Ecological Station in subtropical China. Twenty-one plots of 10 m × 10 m dimensions were investigated in the affected slash pine(Pinus elliottii) plantation. The relationship between damaged area and terrain factors was analyzed using Digital Elevation Model data. Important findings Of the five major plantations at the ecological station,damages occurred mainly in the slash pine plantation. The area of severely damaged forest with most fallen trees was 7.72 hm2,accounting for 6.12% of the total forest area. The aboveground carbon loss in the severely damaged area ranged from 655 to 5 230 g·m–2,with a mean value of 1 462 g·m–2. Continuous low-temperature and strong rainfall,particularly when accompa-nied by strong winds on February 1,2008,were the direct causes of the damage. Analysis shows that elevation is a good indicator for ice storm damage in the hilly area even though the elevation range was small(60–140 m) ,because elevation is tightly linked to local terrain factors and weather conditions. Forest growing on the top of a hill was vulnerable to the ice storm due to the barren soil and strong wind. We found that trees planted on the sunny slopes tended to form unbalanced crowns;this might be the reason that severe damage occurred mainly on sunny slopes. The vulnerability of slash pine to the ice storm is believed related to crown types,timber quality,root distribution,leaf characteristics and resin tapping.


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We investigate the rotation effect of the RuO$_6$ octahedron around the $c$ axis on the topological and transport properties near the surface of the spin-triplet superconductor Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. While the Fermi level of bulk Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is near the Lifshitz transition, the RuO$_6$ rotation realized near the surface leads to the change of the Fermi surface topology. The edge current resulting from the time-reversal symmetry breaking in the chiral $p$-wave phase with fully opened excitation gap is less affected around Lifshitz transition. The topological property and the edge state are sensitive to the rotation angle and the amplitude of the nearest neighbor interaction, and the superconducting gap is strongly reduced in the larger next nearest neighbor interaction region. Although the edge state in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ is topologically protected, it is not robust to the disorder such as impurity or defect.


Objective: To investigate the value of hysteroscopic embryo transfer in the clinical therapy of very early pregnancy,inorder to look for a secure,valid and less complication therapy of very early pregnancy.Methods:134 patients of very early pregnancy were collected.The incidence of uterine perforation,missing suction,incomplete suction,induced abortion syndrome,embolism,bleeding and infection were compared between the hysteroscopic embryo transfer and convention induced abortion group.Results:The incidence of uterine perforation,missing suction,incomplete suction were lower in hysteroscopic embryo transfer than those in control group(P0.05).The incidence of induced abortion syndrome and infection had not statistical significance between hysteroscopic embryo transfer and convention induced abortion group.The bleeding of hysteroscopic embryo transfer was lower than that in control group(P0.05).Hysteroscopic embryo transfer diagnosed 2 cases of pregnancy complication of submucous myoma,3 cases of endometrial polyps.Conclusion:Hysteroscopic embryo transfer is a higher safety,valid therapy of early pregnancy,especially,it is preferable for the patients with very early pregnancy complication.Hysteroscopic embryo transfer will be extensively applicated in obstetrics and gynecology domain in the future.


Transmission electron microscopy was used to study processes of atomic ordering in Pd-Cu and Pd-Cu-Au alloys. Atomic ordering with the formation of a superstructure of the B2 type is shown to be accompanied by transformation-induced recrystallization of the alloys. The dislocations inherited from the disordered state are not involved in the process of the transformation-induced recrystallization and form an immobile dislocation framework in ordered alloys. At enhanced temperatures, this dislocation framework loses its stability, which initiates the conventional recrystallization of ordered alloys.


Surgery is the gold standard approach for acute cholecystitis, however, patients with poor general condition or advanced malignancy are often managed conservatively with gallbladder drainage (GBD). Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided GBD (EUS-GBD) has become a feasible and effective approach in such patients compared to percutaneous transhepatic or endoscopic transpapillay GBD procedures [1]. Moreover, EUS-GBD was recently reported using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) with their anchoring anti-migration flanges [2].


With information systems (IS), as in other social sciences, the critique of quantitative research can lead to an oversimplified opposition between 'positivism' and 'interpretivism'. This is one reason why qualitative IS research sometimes unnecessarily limits itself to the study of participants' meanings. A simple tabulation of published qualitative research is used to reveal the predominance of interview‐based studies in both sociology and IS. This is followed by a brief account of the limits of both quantitative studies of 'objective' variables and qualitative studies of 'subjective meanings'. The emerging case for IS research on organizational practices is set out, coupled with an account of Suchman's (1987) study of how workers make use of a computer‐based system attached to a photocopier. The paper concludes with a call for an end to paradigm wars in organizational studies.


The U.S. government routinely misstates interest costs on government debt. These misstatements occur partly because the government fails to account properly for the real capital losses government creditors experience during inflationary periods.1 In addition, the government imperfectly measures the fluctuations in returns to its creditors from changes in interest rates and the maturity composition of the debt. When investors compute the real return on an equity or debt investment, they take into account dividend and coupon payments, the change in price of the stock or bond, and the effect of inflation on the general price level. So should the government in accounting for its interest costs to the public. In this paper we update and extend calculations in Hall and Sargent (1997) that estimate the government's true real interest costs.2 By manipulating the government's period-by-period budget constraint, we identify the interest cost component from the stock of outstanding government obligations for the post-World War II period. We then decompose these costs to uncover the anticipated and unanticipated interest expenses. These updates are of interest in part because of the introduction of inflation-protected Treasury securities (TIPS) in late 1990s. While all types of debt allow the government to smooth taxes through time, debt denominated in nominal dollars ∗We thank Francisco Barillas, Christian Grewell, and Leandro Nascimento for careful and diligent research assistance. †Department of Economics, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110; phone: (781) 736-2242; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡Department of Economics, New York University, 19 W. Fourth Street, New York, NY 10012-1119; phone: (212) 998-3548; e-mail: email@example.com See, for example, Olivier Blanchard and Jeffrey Sachs, "There is No Significant Budget Deficit", New York Times, March 6, 1981, p. A26. Also see Sargent(1993), Hall and Krieger (2000), and Sims (2001) for similar calculations.


This article describes the construction of a social accounting matrix and financial (SAMF) for Brazil, for the year 2010, using as the sole source of the IBGE. The matrix proposal shows as innovation, the creation of an account of assets/liabilities, together with a financial account, and thus creates an array of flow of funds, which allows you to analyze the distribution of assets between surplus and deficit agents that give guarantee to the functioning of the financial system, allowing the exchange of resources. Presentation of the results part of the description of an aggregate matrix, decomposing subsequently current, capital and financial accounts in order to analyze the economic model elaborate by IBGE, which follows the standards set by the System of National Accounts of the United Nation in 2008.


The article deals with a Neo-Schumpeterian growth model which in addition to the traditional production factors labor and capital, also includes energy. Contrary to mainstream neoclassical approaches, which assume a representative optimizing actor, the heterogeneous actors in our model behave experimentally and in their interactions path dependencies might appear. In particular, the experimental behavior focuses on product innovations in the preliminary product industries which we conceive as the energy industries. In line with the standard literature, the following questions are addressed: What are the effects of energy-saving, and what are the effects of a singular reduction of energy consumption on the economy, both in the short- and long-term? Our Neo-Schumpeterian approach allows us to generate results that are directly comparable with mainstream neoclassical models. The model is designed in a way that by switching off the Neo-Schumpeterian innovation process allows the reproduction of traditional results. Considering, however, uncertain product innovations and path dependencies alters these results and generates new insights.


The objective of this research is to analyze a balance sheet giving a profile of what stocks of the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) resource are available at a given point in time and prepare an account of what uses are made of these stocks, what sources they are derived from and how they are added to or transformed over time. This study was conducted at the Bonto Sinala Village, Sinjai District, South Sulawesi. The method used in this research is resource mapping, observation, and interview. The physical accounts and monetary accounts are analyzed by calculating the number of initial reserves in the study year, plus planting then deducting the amount of depletion so that the final amount of reserves will be obtained. The results show that the final reserve of palm sugar seen from the physical balance sheet had a value of 339.360 kg and a monetary balance of IDR 9.048.933.384. The utilization of sugar palm will shrink every year if there is no sustainable management of forest products.


Puntaru beach is famous for its three-colored sand that is mixed into one of them reddish-brown, black, and white sand. Research on the mineral composition of the tricolor sand has been conducted so that the use of three-colored sand is still done traditionally. This study aims to obtain information on the silica content and other mineral compositions of the three-colored sand of Puntaru Beach as initial data for further development. The three-color sand preparation process is carried out by the method of milling / crushing sand samples then sieving and washing with H2O. Stages of characterization of silica in three-colored sand were carried out using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The analysis showed that the percentage of Si was the most dominant 45.28%, followed by Fe 25.94% and other minor elements. XRD results show that the three-colored sand contains quartz mineral (SiO2) identified at the main peak with 2 with in the 24.34 ° area. The black color of the sand is influenced by Fe content of 25.94% with hematite metal oxide (Fe2O3) 15.80% and reddish-brown influenced by the presence of sulfur (3.25%) in the form of mineral SO3 4.32%.


Severe claw lesions can cause lameness in pigs. It is important to identify and analyze the association between claw lesions and various risk factors in order to minimize the incidence of such lesions to reduce removal of sows for lameness. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of factors such as parity, body condition (BC) score and average lactation feed intake (LFI) with lesion scores (< median vs. ≥ median) on different claw areas in breeding sows using separate univariate logistic regression models (Proc logistic, SAS V 9.1). Claws of 771 sows in a breeding herd in Minnesota were examined for lesions on day 110 of gestation. Areas on the claw were classied as side wall (SW), heel (H), overgrown heel (OGH), sole (S), heel-sole junction (HSJ), white line (WL) and toe (T). Lesions were scored on a scale of 0 (no lesions) to 4 (severe). The nal score on each area was obtained by multiplying the number of lesions by the severity of these lesions. Data on the parity of the sow and LFI were collected from the sow cards and BC was scored visually on a 5 point scale. For analysis, parity was categorized as parities 1 and 2, 3-5 and ≥ 6. The BC scores were categorized as ≤ 2 and ≥ 3. Average LFI was included in the model as a continuous variable. Sows of parity 1 and 2 had a higher likelihood of ≥ median scores for WL and HSJ lesions than sows of parity ≥ 6 (Odds ratio, OR 4.34 and 1.94 respectively) and lower likelihood of ≥ median scores for H lesions and OGH (OR 0.56 and 0.58 respectively, P ≤ 0.05 for all). Sows of parity 3-5 had lower (P ≤ 0.05) likelihood of ≥ median scores for OGH (OR 0.60) and higher (P ≤ 0.05) likelihood of ≥ median scores for WL lesions (OR 2.23) and HSJ lesions (OR 1.57). The odds of having ≥ median lesion scores were 58% and 43% higher (P ≤ 0.05) for sows with BC score of ≤ 2 compared to sows with a condition score of ≥ 3 on SW and WL respectively. The likelihood of ≥ median H lesion scores increased (P ≤ 0.05) by approximately 50% with every kg increase in average LFI. Results indicated that claw lesions were associated with parity, body condition and lactation feed intake.


The protective properties of thin polyimide (PI) films on aluminum metallic substrates were studied using the impedance spectroscopy technique. The effects of storage time, film thickness (1.2 and 2.4 μm), NaCl concentration (up to 0.5 M) and the synergistic effect of temperature (80 o C) and relative humidity (85%) on the lifetime of the PI were investigated


Network science has emerged as a fundamental eld of study to model many physical and real world systems around us. The discovery of small world and scale free properties of these real world networks has revolutionized the way we study, analyze, model and process these networks. In this thesis, we are interested in the study of networks having these properties often termed as complex networks. In our opinion, research conducted in this eld can be grouped into four categories, Analysis, Structure, Processes-Organization and Visualization. We address problems pertaining to each of these categories throughout this thesis. The initial chapters present an introduction and the necessary background knowledge required for readers. Chapters (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) all introduce a specic problem leading up to its solution. In Chapter 3, we present a visual analytics method to analyze complex networks. Based on this method, we also introduce a new metric to calculate the presence of densely connected vertices in networks. Chapter 4 deals with models to generate arti- cial networks having small world and scale free properties. We propose a new model to generate networks with these properties along with the presence of community structures. Extending from the results of our analysis in Chapter 3, we introduce a fast agglomerative clustering algorithm in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6, we address the issue of visualizing these complex networks through a system which combines simplication, clustering and dedicated layout algorithms. Finally we address the issue of evaluating the quality of clusters for complex networks that do not have densely connected vertices in Chapter 7. Each chapter is followed by a mini-conclusion and further research prospects. In the end, we summarize our results and conclude the thesis by presenting some research directions based on our ndings.


:Objective To compare theclinical outcomes of surgical and non-surgical treatment of ulnar styloid fractures.Methods There were 62 patients (64 sides) that were treated with Kirschner wire andtension band fixation in the surgical group. They were follow-up postoperatively for 2 to18 months, with an average of 8 months. Seventy patients (72 sides) were non-surgicallytreated and follow-up for 1.5 to 24 months with an average of 10 months. Gartland andWerley scoring system of the AO Foundation was applied to evaluate the results. Fracturehealing was evaluated by X-ray films. Comparison was made between the surgical andnonsurgical groups. Results Results in the surgical group were graded as excellent in 57cases, good in 2 cases,fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. The overall satisfactory ratewas 95.2%. X-rays showed that bone union was obtained in all the patients three monthsafter the surgery. Results in the non-surgical group were graded as excellent in 10 cases,good in 15 cases, fair in 18 cases and poor in 27 cases. The overall satisfactory rate was35.7%. X-rays showed bone union in only 9 cases 1.5 months after the injury, fracturemalunion in 32 cases 6 months after the injury, and nonunion in 29 cases even 12 monthsafter the injury. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant.Conclusion From the aspects of wrist function and fracture healing,surgical treatment ofulnar styloid fractures is superior to non-surgical treatment.