The paper examines the technological innovations in transportation sector that are such an important factor within the agricultural system. The new technology has played and will continue to play an important role in diversifying agricultural production and enhancing production efficiency.


Abstract From 1-D to 3-D zinc coordination polymers based on multifunctional flexible 4-(1,2,4-triazole-methylene)-benzonitrile (tzbt), {[Zn(tzbt)2(bdc)]·2H2O}n (1), [Zn(tzbc)2]n (2), and [Zn(bpdc)(H2O)]n (3) (bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, tzbc = 4-(1,2,4-triazole-methylene)-benzoic acid, bpdc = 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The tzbt was synthesized by N-alkylation and hydrolyzed in situ to produce tzbc (in 2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 displays 1-D wave-like chains based on [Zn(bdc)]n. 2 is a chiral twofold interpenetrating 2-D architecture constructed with "V"-shaped tzbc. 3 is a 3-D chiral compound constructed from achiral H2bpdc with right-handed helical chains. 1–3 display stable blue-emitting luminescence with emission maxima ranging from 383 to 410 nm, depending on ligand-centered π*→π transitions. The effects of different polarity solvents and temperature on luminescence are discussed. TGA and VT-XPRD reveal that 2 has thermal stability to 360 °C.


Carbon-coated WSe₂ nanomaterials are synthesized using solid-state reaction. The 75.57% crystal WSe₂ nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on a carbon matrix to form WSe₂/C nanomaterials. The WSe₂/C nanomaterials exhibit high discharge capacity and excellent cycling stability, which should be attributed to the buffering effect of the carbon matrix and improved conductivity of the composites.


Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common disorder in new mothers but may also affect new fathers. Insecure bonding can negatively affect a child's socioemotional and cognitive development. A higher risk of bonding difficulties has been shown to be associated with PPD in mothers and might also be present in fathers with postpartum depressive symptoms. Aim This study sought to examine if depressive symptoms in new fathers are associated with bonding difficulties and to find other correlates of father-infant insecure bonding. based cohort investigating correlates of


Turbo coding has reached the step in which its astonishing coding gain is already being proven in real applications. Moreover, its applicability to future broadband communications systems is starting to be investigated. In order to be useful in this domain, special turbo codec architectures that cope with low latency, high throughput, low power consumption and high flexibility are needed. This paper presents an implementation of a convolutional turbo codec core based on innovative solutions for those requirements. The combination of a systematic data storage and transfer optimization with high and low level architectural solutions yields a final throughput up to 80.7 Mb/s, a decoding latency of 10 /spl mu/s and a power consumption of less than 50 nJ/bit. The 14.7 mm/sup 2/ full-duplex full-parallel core, implemented in a CMOS 0.18 /spl mu/m technology, is a complete flexible solution for broadband turbo coding.


We have synthesized of novel 2,3-polymethylenepyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones via condensation of the 2-aminonicotinic acid together with lactams in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. The structures of the newly synthesized pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines were confirmed by 1H and 13c NMR spectral data.


Ruins of ancient cities hold valuable information for historians and archeologists and it allows them to learn about the society and culture of these cities. This paper explores the first attempt to virtually rebuild the historic city of Karakorum based on ruins and archeological findings from the 13th century AD. Further, the analytical and practical methods used to discover its unique urban planning and architectural form by reconstructing the city using various resources from archeological documents to historical science documents are introduced. We explore a digitized version of Karakorum city in an immersive and embodied manner because of the latest technological advances in virtual reality, and this allows us to conserve and visualize its cultural heritage. The research objectives of this study are to (1) create a three‐dimensional visual model of the Karakorum city as close as possible to its real counterpart, and (2) use a game engine as a development platform for integration and interactive visualization.


In 1963, when the Games of the XIX Olympiad were granted to Mexico City, at the session of the International Olympic Committee in Baden Baden, there was a flood of criticism from all over the world. 'Why were the Games awarded to a city at an elevation of 7,349 feet above sea level?' 'How can Mexico, with its limited experience, organize properly an event of the size and complexity of the Olympic Games?' 'Latin America is the land of 'mañana': how can one expect that the facilities will be ready on time?' 'What about the 'curse of Moctezuma'?' 'Will there be adequate protection against the numerous Mexican bandits?' 'What about sunburn from solar radiation at such an elevation?' [1]


This article discusses how patriarchal elements of society and culture, in conjunction with poverty, is necessary to comprehend the domestic violence experienced by women. This article departs from a qualitative case study of the experiences of women in Taekas Village, North Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, and Pondok Batu Village, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra, and seeks to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of how patriarchy and poverty contribute to domestic violence. This article emphasizes that, although domestic violence knows no class, religious, or geographical boundaries, rural women who live in poverty are more vulnerable to domestic violence. This article is hoped to shed light on domestic violence in Indonesia, thereby increasing awareness and providing further impetus for eradicating said practice.


Nowadays, Graphene is under intensive study for energy storage devices, such as battery and supercapacitors, due to its superior physical and electrochemical proprieties. The commercial methods to produce graphene are mechanical peeling, oxidation and reduction (ROX) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and so forth, but there is still a big challenge for mass production of graphene, and the restacking of graphene sheet impedes the application in preparing supercapacitors. In this paper we report a novelty method to fabricate all-solidstate supercapacitors using laser-scribed Graphene (LSG). Laser-scribed Graphene, which is directly reduced from graphene oxide (GO), seems to be a promising material for manufacturing solid-state, flexible transparent supercapacitors in large scale. In our work, PVA/LiCl-H2O system is used for solid-state electrolyte, the supercapacitor reaches an area capacity ~2.1mF/cm2 at 0.8mA/cm2 with a good reversible ability and cycling performance.


Search-based automatic image annotation is an effective technology to enhance the performance of annotation. By integrating the co-training technique, this paper addresses on a novel scheme for search-based image annotation, in which two classifiers can contribute to each other during the training phase. Since each classifier can select some most confident images to enhance the generalization ability of the other one, the co-training learning algorithm is triggered out for automatically mining more and more relevant images, which improve the annotation performance greatly. To characterize the various contribution of each relevant image, the probability output of the classification is taken as the corresponding weight. Moreover, the histogram of retrieved keywords is proposed to re-rank the final reliability of the keywords to be annotated, which can also guarantee the scalability property of annotation to some extent. With the promoted search precision on the basis of co-training strategy, the experimental results demonstrate the improvement of annotation performance.


European mountain regions have been dominated by semi-natural ecosystems, where natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes have interacted for thousands of years. In the western Italian Alps, traditional practices, such as silvo-cultural intervention and grazing regimes, have created a heterogeneous mosaic of open areas, as well as sparse and dense forests. Throughout the last decades, a trend of abandonment of marginal areas has caused a natural reforestation of former grassland patches enclosed by forest with a consequent loss of grassland plant diversity. The study was conducted to assess the effect of ecological, topographic, management, and landscape features on current patch species richness. All vascular plant species were recorded within each grassland patch of the Pesio Valley. Grassland species richness was calculated and used in GLMs as dependent variables. On the whole, the soil reaction and the soil nutrient content emerged to be the most important ecological factors affecting grassland species richness. The conservation of suitable ecological factors is strictly related to mowing and grazing practices, thus management practices appear to be essential instruments to preserve plant diversity of grasslands enclosed by forest.


The ceramic substrate is composed of a base metal and a crystalline phase consisting of the amorphous phase consists of particles which are dispersed in the base material. Some of the particles is being extruded is allowed from at least one surface of the base material.


Reaction of [{Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2}2] (1; coe = cis-cyclooctene) with 4 equiv. of PtBu2Ph in CH2Cl2 at ambient temperature resulted in oxidative addition of one phosphane ligand affording the known cyclometalated IrIII complex [IrCl(H)(PtBu2C6H4-κ2P,C)(PtBu2Ph)] (2) in high yield. Compound 2 exhibits a coordinatively unsaturated five-coordinate 16 VE species, and its reactivity towards strong π-acceptor ligands is investigated. Reaction of 2 with CO resulted in addition of the CO ligand and inversion of cyclometalation to give known IrI complex trans-[IrCl(CO)(PtBu2Ph)2] (3). In a similar manner, 1 reacted with nitrosonium tetrafluoridoborate affording the new complex salt [IrCl(NO)(PtBu2Ph)2][BF4] (4), which is isoelectronic with 3. Compounds 2 and 4 were characterized by spectroscopic methods as well as by X-ray crystallography confirming their molecular structures.


A kind of magnetic multilayers microwave absorbent is prepared with magnetron sputtering. The structure is characterized with scan electric microscope and X-ray diffraction. The permittivity, permeability and density of the absorbent samples are tested. The optimization design of single layer material is performed. The results show that the absorbent has better microwave absorbing capability.


Rigid foams blown with hydrocarbons have shown a great progress since this technology was implemented in 1992 in Europe, and culminated, last year, in the introduction of blends of hydrocarbons and more particularly cyclopentane/isobutane. Also recently, other blends have found favor where the more complicated handling of butane may present some difficulties. In the hydrocarbon family, cyclopentane is the best option in terms of gas k-factor, but its high boiling point requires higher density and shot weights in cabinets to guarantee long term dimensional stability. The best cost option is provided by the iso-/n-pentane blend. However, the foams produced show inferior k-factor, although final energy consumption is not affected to the same degree. In general, the addition of another co-blowing hydrocarbon such as isobutane, isopentane or c-pentane negatively affects the insulation performance of the foam, but recent polyurethane system developments have allowed the retention of the same k-factor values as those of pure cyclopentane blown foams. This paper aims to compare the different hydrocarbon blowing agent alternatives introduced during the past period and includes theoretical cell gas modeling, creep performance and compressive strength ageing tests. These methods have been used to evaluate and predict, during the foam development phase, the short and long term dimensional stability of the foam. An attempt will be made to understand if the combination of all of them is necessary for getting reliable information. Results from cabinets foamed with these cyclopentane based hydrocarbon blends have confirmed the initial findings and are discussed. It is a further objective of this paper to give the OEMs the data that they require to select the optimum technology to answer their needs in terms of cost, processing performance and insulation value.


We investigate the characteristics of a synaptic imitation device using a thin-film transistor (TFT)-type NOR flash memory cell with a half-covered floating gate. The long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) required for the operation of the spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) algorithm are implemented using the proposed pulse scheme. Unsupervised learning is successfully demonstrated by applying the STDP learning rule through software MATLAB simulation reflecting the LTP/LTD characteristics of the fabricated TFT-type NOR flash memory array. We present the learning and recognition processes of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28\times28$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MNIST handwritten digit patterns. First, STDP learning in a single-neuron string (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$784\times1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is investigated, after which STDP learning is demonstrated in a multineuron array (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$784\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with a lateral inhibition function to demonstrate the ability of multipattern learning and recognition. Meanwhile, we investigate the key factors of STDP unsupervised learning. Finally, an approach is suggested to implement a hardware neural network using the conventional CMOS technology for STDP unsupervised learning as a visual pattern recognition system.


Dear Editor, Blood glucose control is important for prevention of complications including cardiovascular events and peripheral artery disease in diabetic patients. Hypoglycemia could be induced by hyperglycemic agents. Both of sulphonylurea (SU) agents and renal dysfunction have been reported to be risk factors of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients (1,2). However, there are limited reports regarding the association between patients with diabetic kidney disease and hypoglycemic episodes. We conducted a retrospective case–control study approved by the institutional review board of our hospital. The patient inclusion criteria were: (i) diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; (ii) use of hyperglycemic agents; (iii) referral to the emergency department due to hypoglycemia (blood glucose level < 70 mg/dL) from January 2009 to December 2011; and (iv) renal function measurements in the same period. We included 145 patients (82 men and 63 women: mean age, 67.7 15.7 years; 129 non-dialyzed patients and 16 dialyzed patients: mean blood glucose level, 34.6 13.3 mg/dL). The medications used for diabetes mellitus were insulin (72 patients), SU agent (64 patients), and others (57 patients) in nondialyzed patients, and insulin (10 patients), SU agents (four patients), and others (two patients) in dialyzed patients. Regarding hypoglycemia in the non-dialyzed patients, the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine level were 62.4 34.4 mL/min per 1.73m and 1.43 1.62 mg/dL, respectively. The non-dialyzed patients with hypoglycemia induced by SU agents were mainly prevalent in the elderly groups (Fig. 1a). In the 53 hypoglycemic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD; eGFR ≤60 mL/min per 1.73m), SU agent administration also mainly caused hypoglycemia in 36 patients (68 %, Fig. 1a). As shown in Figure 1b, the admission rate increased with the progression of CKD stage in non-dialyzed patients but was lower in the dialyzed than in the non-dialyzed CKD patients, although these differences were not significant. This single-center observational study indicated that hypoglycemia caused by SU agents likely occurred in elderly patients, in addition to those with CKD. In a SU agent-induced hypoglycemic


These ten papers, republished in homage to Sir Gordon Holmes on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, deal with three subjects with which his life and work have been particularly identified—the cerebellum, the cortical representation of vision, and visual orientation and attention. The papers concerning the cerebellum include the early paper on its connections with the inferior olives, that describing the form of cerebellar degeneration now known as the Holmes' type, the study of the symptomatology of cerebellar tumors, and the classic Croonian lectures of 1922 on the clinical symptoms of cerebellar disease and their interpretation, ending with the discussion of the functions of the cerebellum taken from the Hughlings Jackson lecture of 1939. Many of these papers have not been readily available, and, if for no other reason, the guarantors of Brain have provided a real service in making them again obtainable by students of neurology; but this collection


The accumulation of the heavy metals lead and cadmium in the liver of wild animals reveals when also not so alarming, an anthropogenic source of influence from industrial procedures. A great deal of the high mean values distributed in the literature appear to be more a problem of data evaluation, where few, but higher deviation values caused by sample contamination distorts the picture. Apart from samples with heavy lead deposits due to the gun shot, it is not necessary to advise against the consumption of venison.


The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is a test device used for measuring the strength and variability of unbound layers of soil and granular material. The DCP is not a new test device but transportation organizations in Canada and the United States, including the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), have shown a renewed interest in its unique capability of measuring a profile of in situ foundation characteristics. A desire to more fully characterize subsurface conditions on the Minnesota Road Research Project (Mn/ROAD) led to the initial use of DCPs by Mn/DOT. From an operational perspective it is very attractive because the DCP is both portable and simple to use. The objective of this research was to explore ways that DCPs could effectively be used by Minnesota pavement and materials engineers and to perform the testing, analysis, and learning necessary for establishing relationships between DCP test results and other commonly used foundation parameters. This report describes the design and operation of the DCP as well as an overview of the theoretical basis for use of the device. In addition, correlation results, data profiles, case histories and related information are presented.


This essay illustrates the reasons why the housing property tax has come into effect in China now in four aspects: stabilizing property prices and restraining the price growth; controlling property market and curbing property speculation; adjusting income distribution and narrowing the income gap; improving the tax system and strengthening local financial resources. Then,it raises the issues still faces with,e. g. the lack of personal property publicity system,the imperfect property evaluation system,the tax burden on taxpayer and the reliance on land finance for local government. Finally, the essay puts forward the ideas of using international experience for reference and,designing Chinese housing property tax system in six aspects,e. g. the taxpayer,object of taxation,tax rate,and so on,in order to provide some evidences for the design of housing property tax system.


The authors discuss the practical and theoretical significance of the analysis of the service centers regional range and point out the problems dealing with the delimitation of gravitation areas by means of a gravitation model.


The increased use of machine learning (ML) in society raises questions of how ethical dilemmas inherent in computational artefacts can be made understandable and explorable for students. To investigate this, we developed a card-based design workshop that allows students to reflect on ethical dilemmas by designing their own ML applications. The workshop was developed in an iterative process engaging four high school classrooms with students aged 16-20. We found that scaffolding students in designing meaningful ML systems served to qualify their ethical reflections. Further students' design processes allowed them to engage with the ethical dilemmas and to tie these to the properties of the technology and to their design decisions. We suggest seeing technology-close discussions about ethics as a goal in design processes, and prototyping as a means to ground these discussions in students' own design decisions, and we contribute a workshop format and design artefacts that allow for this.


OBJECTIVE
To determine if epidural ketamine provides analgesia in dogs with a chemically induced synovitis.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective randomized experimental trial.

ANIMALS
Thirty-two healthy, adult mongrel dogs (13-30 kg).

METHODS
(Part I) Synovitis was induced in the right stifle of 16 dogs and allowed to develop for 12 hours. Epidural injection at the lumbosacral space of either ketamine (2 mg kg(-1); n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) was performed. Limb use and pain were measured using a force platform and numerical rating scale (NRS). Assessments were performed before and at 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 24 hours after the induction of synovitis. (Part II) Epidural injection of either ketamine (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) was performed immediately before the induction of synovitis. Analgesia was assessed as in Part I. Assessments occurred before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours after the induction of synovitis.

RESULTS
(Part I) Vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) significantly decreased and NRS scores of total pain significantly increased after the induction of synovitis in all dogs (p < 0.05). No significant differences in VGRF or NRS scores were measured between treatment groups at any assessment period. (Part II) Dogs that received ketamine had significantly lower NRS scores 2 hours after treatment (p < 0.05). NRS scores did not differ between groups at any other evaluation. VGRF did not differ significantly between treatment groups at any assessment period.

CONCLUSION
Epidural ketamine at a dose of 2 mg kg(-1) administered after the development of synovitis does not provide significant levels of analgesia. Administration of ketamine before the induction of synovitis significantly decreased the NRS score 2 hours post-induction.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Administration of epidural ketamine before tissue injury may provide analgesia of short duration in dogs.


We aimed to assess prevalence and age at menopause, identify factors associated with early menopause and explore the provision and utilization of healthcare in women living with HIV in Switzerland.


In this paper a review concerning the main steps of a complete mathematical model for the simulation of the exposure and development process in electron and ion beam lithographies is presented. Our own Monte Carlo simulation tools for electron and ion beam lithographies are applied to the calculation of the energy deposition and the resist-developed profiles of sub-quarter-micron patterns. An example of the pattern deformation due to proximity effects and application of the latent image calculation for the proximity effects correction is also shown. The presented results and comparisons show that the models are adequate and have a very good potential for application in the case of multilayer sub-quarter-micron patterns.


ABSTRACT This article describes collaborations between child welfare officers and rabbis in an ultra-Orthodox Jewish community in Israel. The study is based on interviews with 10 child welfare officers who intervene in ultra-Orthodox communities. The analysis of the interviews showed that cooperation with the rabbis was essential for reducing the community's hostile resistance to interventions by the child welfare officers, who were perceived as threatening to community values. On the other hand, the child welfare officers had to cope with conflicts between religious values, the law, and professional perceptions. The discussion of the findings highlights the need for understanding the cooperation in terms of boundaries and power. Future research is needed to explore further the issues raised from the perspectives of the rabbis and the families involved.


Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system formed without compensator and prefilter is a modeling of Spark Ignition Engine (SIE). This system in the form of engine stand that is gasoline fuel, motor speed or engine speed is strongly influenced by throttle valve, spark advanced position and load changes in SIE. The MIMO system model connects engine speed and manifold pressure to two system inputs, namely Duty Cycle of the throttle valve D(s) and spark advanced position A(s). The operation of the SIE is divided into three conditions: engine speed for idle speed without load conditions, engine speed for idle speed low load conditions and engine speed for idle speed conditions with gear-1 loading. This process is reviewed for each of the three MIMO SIE system conditions by inputting random data from the duty cycle of the throttle valve D(s) and spark advanced position A(s). Response of engine speed N(s) and manifold pressure P(s) are obtained by using Matlab simulation for input D(s) = 120 to 260 and for A(s) = 0.2 rad up to 0.5 rad. The simulated results show the response graph of the P(s) manifold pressure for the SIE MIMO system is always changing.Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system formed without compensator and prefilter is a modeling of Spark Ignition Engine (SIE). This system in the form of engine stand that is gasoline fuel, motor speed or engine speed is strongly influenced by throttle valve, spark advanced position and load changes in SIE. The MIMO system model connects engine speed and manifold pressure to two system inputs, namely Duty Cycle of the throttle valve D(s) and spark advanced position A(s). The operation of the SIE is divided into three conditions: engine speed for idle speed without load conditions, engine speed for idle speed low load conditions and engine speed for idle speed conditions with gear-1 loading. This process is reviewed for each of the three MIMO SIE system conditions by inputting random data from the duty cycle of the throttle valve D(s) and spark advanced position A(s). Response of engine speed N(s) and manifold pressure P(s) are obtained by using Matlab simulation for input D(s) = 120 to 260 and for A(s) = 0...


The skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1) primarily functions as voltage sensor for excitation-contraction coupling. Conversely, its ion-conducting function is modulated by multiple mechanisms within the pore-forming α1S subunit and the auxiliary α2δ-1 and γ1 subunits. Particularly, developmentally regulated alternative splicing of exon 29, which inserts 19 amino acids in the extracellular IVS3-S4 loop of CaV1.1a, greatly reduces the current density and shifts the voltage-dependence of activation to positive potentials outside the physiological range. We generated a new HEK293-cell line stably expressing α2δ-1, β3, and STAC3. When the adult (CaV1.1a) and the embryonic (CaV1.1e) splice variants were expressed in these cells, the difference in the voltage-dependence of activation observed in muscle cells was reproduced, but not the reduced current density of CaV1.1a. Only when we further co-expressed the γ1 subunit, the current density of CaV1.1a, but not of CaV1.1e, was reduced by >50 %. In addition, γ1 caused a shift of the voltage-dependence of inactivation to negative voltages in both variants. Thus, the current-reducing effect of γ1, but not its effect on inactivation, is specifically dependent on the inclusion of exon 29 in CaV1.1a. Molecular structure modeling revealed several direct ionic interactions between oppositely charged residues in the IVS3-S4 loop and the γ1 subunit. However, substitution of these residues by alanine, individually or in combination, did not abolish the γ1-dependent reduction of current density, suggesting that structural rearrangements of CaV1.1a induced by inclusion of exon 29 allosterically empower the γ1 subunit to exert its inhibitory action on CaV1.1 calcium currents. Summary El Ghaleb et al. analyzed the effects of the γ1 subunit on current properties and expression of the adult (CaV1.1a) and embryonic (CaV1.1e) calcium channel splice variants, demonstrating that γ1 reduces the current amplitude in a splicing-dependent manner.


It is proposed to determine damage parameters in two dimensions (surface of a material) or three dimensions (in the bulk of a solid) by using full‐field displacement measurements. A finite‐element approach is developed to evaluate piece‐wise constant elastic parameters modeled by an isotropic damage variable. Two sets of examples are discussed. The first series deals with mechanical fields obtained by finite element simulations to assess the performance of the approach. The second series is concerned with displacement measurements performed during a biaxial test on a composite material. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The frequency and character of preictal and postictal headaches in 101 children (aged 5-18 years) with generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures were determined by interviews and clinic chart reviews, in a study at Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.


An extension of this result to any number of variables has been obtained by Kibble (1945) the extension differing in one respect from the particular case of Mehler. It is well known that Mehler's series is not an isolated result, there being simi lar series, bilinear in Laguerre polynomials, discussed by Hardy (1932), Watson (1933) and Kibble (1941), and series bilinear in certain other orthogonal polynomials discussed by Campbell (1932), Aitken and Gonin (1935). Generalizations of these results, similar to Kibble's generalization of Mehler's have been obtained by the present author (1950). In this paper the series of Aitken and Gonin for a bivariate binomial distribution and the series of Campbell for a bivariate Poisson distribution are extended to any number of variables. It is explained at the end of the paper how the present author's generalizations differ from the particular cases of Aitken and Gronin, and of Campbell in precisely the same way as Kibble's generalization of Mehler's differs from that of Mehler.


A case of antiglobulin-positive haemolytic anaemia developing in connection with Yersinia enterocolitica infection is reported. The patient responded favourably to prednisolone treatment. The case is discussed in the light of recent reports of Yersinia infections associated with various systemic reactions. So far haemolytic anaemia caused or initiated by Yersinia enterocolitica infection has not been described.


Introduction – The nationalization of hydrocarbons: after all, what is the problem? The political scenario in Bolivia is known among experts for its high instability1. Although the beginning of the negotiations between Bolivia and Brazil for the importation of natural gas, occurred in a period of greater stability (1990-1996), Bolivia's political history has constantly presented periods of instability. The issue came out to the public opinion in Brazil and in the South American region when Evo Morales took over the presidency and, even more strongly, when Decree number 28,701, of May,1, 2006 was issued for the "nationalization" of the natural gas sector. The decision of "nationalization" brought a new wave of instability in the region's political relations, as it interfered in the form of organization of the economic chain for the natural gas sector in Bolivia and, therefore, in the conditions for providing of an essential good – energy – to sectors of the economy and to the population in Brazil, specially. That decision instigated polarized positions, not only among the experts but also in the public opinion. One of the prevailing point-of-views considers that such instability is the result of the lack of and the fragility of regulatory frameworks – internally in each one of the States as well


The new organosulfur ligands siS3-H2 [siS32− = bis(2-mercapto-3-trimethylsilylphenyl) sulfide(2−)] and caS3-H2 [caS32− = bis(2-mercapto-3-carboxyphenyl) sulfide(2−)] were synthesized from HS3-H2 [HS32− = bis(2-mercaptophenyl) sulfide(2−)], n-butyllithium, and Me3SiCl or CO2/H+. Reaction of siS3-H2 with Ni(ac)2·4H2O gave the air-stable and well-soluble trinuclear complex [Ni(siS3)]3 (1) whose structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Reactions of complex 1 with nucleophiles L [L = PR3 (R = nPr, Ph, Cy), N2H4, StBu−, and Cl−] yielded the corresponding neutral or anionic complexes, which were isolated as [Ni(PR3)(siS3)] [R = nPr (2), Ph (3), Cy (4)], Bu4N[Ni(Cl)(siS3)] (5), Bu4N[Ni(StBu)(siS3)] (6), and [Ni(N2H4)(siS3)] (8). The azido complex Et4N[Ni(N3)(siS3)] (7) was prepared from Me3SiN3 and the precursor chloro complex Et4N[Ni(Cl)(siS3)]. Reaction of 1 with NH3 yielded labile [Ni(NH3)(siS3)] (9), which was characterized in solution by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Analogously, 1 reacts with nicotinamide (NA) or diethylnicotinamide (NAEt2) to give, from equilibrium reactions, the corresponding mononuclear [Ni(L)(siS3)] complexes with L = NA, NAEt2. X-ray structure determinations showed that 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 all exhibit tetrahedrally distorted planar [Ni(L)(siS3)] fragments. Complex 7 is the first structurally characterized azidonickel complex with a coligand having exclusively sulfur donors. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)


Based on these aspects, such as knowledge representation, construction of knowledge base, knowledge acquisition and reasoning model, the paper introduced the development of mechanical engineering expert system. It gave the detail about the characteristics, function, application of Internet-based expert system and integration between expert system and Advanced Manufacturing Technology.


We take a quasi-experimental approach to estimate the value for the across-sector elasticity of substitution. To that end, we use the effects of changes in value added tax (VAT) rates on long-run movements in relative prices to identify the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution across expenditure categories. Using a standard model of imperfect competition with Cobb-Douglas production and Dixit-Stiglitz preferences both within and across sectors, we show that the long-run response of relative prices to changes in VAT is a simple function of the labor share and the elasticity of substitution across sectors. We construct a novel data set of VAT rate changes by expenditure categories in the European Union matched to their respective inflation rates. Estimates of the effect of VAT rate change on inflation in the long-run suggest that the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution across expenditure categories nears 3.


This paper uses quarterly data from 1980 to 2004 for ASEAN-5 founder countries to estimate the weight of the Augmented Monetary Conditions Index (AMCI), and identifies the key transmission mechanism paths using Pesaran and Pesaran's (1997) ARDL procedure, and Pesaran et al.'s (2001) bounds procedure. The roles of credit and asset price channels are assessed for aggregate demand conditions and in the transmission of monetary policy. Results reveal evidence of cointegration for all the ASEAN-Five founder countries. The estimate of the interest and exchange rate elasticities of aggregate demand is used to determine the weight of the exchange rate in the AMCI, and ultimately the weight is then used to construct the AMCI ratio. Exchange rate, asset price, and interest rate channels are three key transmission mechanisms in the conduct of monetary policy in Indonesia and Thailand. Meanwhile in Malaysia and Singapore, exchange rate, both the long and short term interest rate, and credit channels are three key transmission mechanisms in the conduct of monetary policy. In the Philippines, four key transmission mechanisms take place, namely the interest rate, exchange rate, credit, and asset price channels, with short rate relatively weaker than the long rate at the margin. The estimated weights of real interest rates and real exchange rate are used to estimate the AMCI ratios. The AMCI ratios range from 0.052 to 0.664 [0.052:1 for Philippines, 0.056:1 for Thailand, 0.073:1 for Indonesia, 0.109:1 for Malaysia; and 0.664 for Singapore]. Monetary conditions during the period under-study are found to be reflected in each of the central banks' reaction to the prevailing economic situation, which implies that AMCI tracks the movements of the real GDP plausibly on the average, particularly after 1997.


A great challenge facing brain research is to "see" neurons in action at high spatial and temporal resolution in the living human brain. While existing non-invasive techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have either poor spatial or temporal resolution, neuronal current MRI (nc-MRI) may hold the potential to revolutionize cognitive neuroscience by imaging neuronal activity at high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, the implementation of nc-MRI using existing instrumentation is yet to be convincingly demonstrated. In this project, I investigated the feasibility of nc-MRI via computer simulations. To allow realistic neuronal current simulations, the laminar cortex model (LCM) was first developed. The LCM incorporates the laminar architecture of the cerebral cortex into a continuum cortex model (previously developed by Wright et al.) to simulate the collective activity of cortical neurons. As validations, the LCM has been used to simulate the local field potentials (LFP) of the primary visual cortex. The LCM produced spontaneous LFPs exhibited frequency-inverse (1/f) power spectrum behaviour. The LCM also captured the fundamental as well as the high order harmonics under intermittent light stimulation. To model neuronal currents, I decomposed the neuronal activity simulated by the LCM into action potentials and postsynaptic potentials. The geometries of dendrites and axons were generated dynamically to account for neuronal morphology diversity. Magnetic fields produced by action potentials and postsynaptic potentials were calculated for the cases of spontaneous and stimulated cortical activity, from which the nc-MRI signal was determined. The MRI signal magnitude change was found to be below currently detectable levels (< 0.1 part-per-million), but signal phase change was potentially detectable (in the order of 0.1 milli-radian). Furthermore, nc-MRI signals were sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in neuronal activity and independent of the intensity of neuronal activation. Synchronous neuronal activity produces large phase changes, up to 1 milliradian, and the signal phase oscillated with neuronal activity. Based on the computer simulation results, I proposed to image oscillatory neuronal currents using a multi-echo spin echo (MESE) and a synchronised multi-echo gradient recalled echo (MEGRE) sequences. A MESE sequence can accumulate phase changes for multiple neuronal activity oscillation periods through applying radio-frequency (RF)


OF THE THESIS ........................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background on Rare Earths ........................................................... 1 1.2 Background on Ion Transport ....................................................... 1 1.3 Brief Summary of Photoisomerizable Molecules ......................... 7 1.4 Characteristic(s) of Captured Metals .......................................... 10 1.4 Overview of Research Plan .......................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ............................................................ 17 2.1 Synthesize the PMs: Benzo-15-crown-5 (compound 1) ............. 17 2.2 Solvent Extraction ......................................................................... 20 2.3 Photoluminescence Measurement ................................................ 20 2.3.1 Emission Intensity vs. Eu Concentration ................................................. 20 2.3.2 Procedure Blank Calibration ....................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Eu Ion Extraction and Transfer ................................................................ 21 2.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Measurement ................................ 22 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ........................................................... 23 3.1 Characterization of Benzo-15-crown-5 (Compound 1) ............. 23 3.2 Rare Earth Extraction .................................................................. 26 3.2.1 Emission Profile of Eu and the Standard Calibration Curve ................... 26 3.3 Standard calibration procedure ................................................... 33 3.4 Eu ion extraction by organic ligand .......................................... 36 3.5 Rare earth cation transfer under UV light ................................. 39 3.5.1 Photoluminescense ...................................................................................... 39 3.5.2 Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) Analysis ................................................ 41 3.6 Summary ........................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER 4: FUTURE WORK ................................................................................... 44 REFERENCE:................................................................................................................. 45


Abstract In order to investigate the ferromagnetic interaction in the 3′, 5′-dihydroxyphenyl nitronyl nitroxide (RSNN), semiempirical and ab initio molecular orbital calculations were carried out for several pair models of RSNN molecules extracted from the X-ray crystal structure. It was shown that the effective exchange interaction (J ab ) for the nearest neighbor pair is ferromagnetic in accordance with the experimental results. For the pairs related with the double hydrogen bonds, the sign of the calculated J ab values mainly corresponds with the experimental result, however partialy conflict. The hydroxyl groups contribute to the magnetic interaction in the RSNN crystal.


A 56-year-old male patient presented with symptoms suggestive of gall stone disease since 2 months. On evaluation, he was found to have asymptomatic hypokalaemia (serum potassium 2.0 mEq/L). He was a known case of hypertension which was controlled with oral amlodipine 5 mg twice daily and oral metoprolol once daily. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a left adrenal neoplasm measuring 2.7 × 2.4 cm. There was no uptake on metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning; urinary catecholamines and dexamethasone suppression test were negative. Echocardiography (ECG) revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and mildly dilated left atrium with grade I diastolic dysfunction. On Holter monitoring, left anterior fascicular block, poor R wave progression and intermittent atrial fibrillation were noted. Oral spironolactone 50 mg once daily and oral potassium chloride 40 mEq twice daily were started to correct hypokalaemia.


This paper investigates the conduction of monetary policy by the Brazilian Central Bank during the Tripé Macro (TM) and the New Economic Matrix (NME). Specifically, we aim to identify if there were any significant differences in the management of monetary policy. In order to do so, through a Vector Auto Regressive, we detect the responses of monetary policy to shocks in macroeconomic variables, considering a modified Taylor model. The study consider the Inflation Targeting Regime period, observing the Tripé Macro (2000 to 2011) and the New Economic Matrix (2012 to 2014). As a result, we show that significant differences prevailed during the two systems.


Objective. Currently, there is no study evaluating the effect of nano-curcumin on human oral cells in vitro. In this study, we developed gelatin encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles (GelCur) and cultured the primary human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to verify the effect of GelCur on the cellular events related to oral wound healing capacities, such as cell migration and proliferation of gingival fibroblasts. Materials and Methods. GelCur was produced by the sonoprecipitation method. Particle size, zeta potential, SEM morphological observation, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading were used to characterize new GelCur. Primary hGFs were cultured from the attached gingival tissue of healthy third molar teeth. The effect of different concentrations of GelCur on hGFs was investigated by cell toxicity assay (MTT), cell proliferation assay, and cell migration assays by scratch test and transwell migration assay. Results. The average particle size of GelCur was around 356 nm with a moderate zeta potential of 26.5 mV. The mean PdI value of GelCur was 0.2, while the entrapment efficiency and drug loading of curcumin in this study were around 57% and 2.4%, respectively. IC30 of GelCur on hGFs was 3.96 mg/ml, while IC50 was 12,37 mg/ml. More than 70% of cells were viable after 24 hours incubated with 1, 2, and 3 mg/ml GelCur. At the concentration of 2 mg/ml GelCur virtually limited cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions. GelCur remained physically stable and did not alter cell proliferation and migration. The concentration of GelCur <3.96 mg/ml did not cause hGF cytotoxicity. Our study showed that within appropriate doses, GelCur can be used safely for hGFs.


Building a team of high-calibre politics counsellor is an inevitable demand of training qualified talents for the socialist modernization construction.This paper analyzes the current situations of speeding up the construction of the politics counsellor teams in colleges and universities,and put forward a countermeasure for the specialization and professionalization of the politics counsellor teams to meet the demand of political thought work in colleges and universities.


The variation with temperature of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties and dielectric properties aging of ferroelectric ceramics with composition Pb 0.95 Sr 0.05 Mg 0.042 Sb 0.083 Ti 0.45 Zr 0.425 O 3 are presented. Dielectric measurements evidenced a double relaxor system, characterized by very broad dielectric maximum at T m = 190°C (at 200 Hz) which shifted to 195°C at 200kHz. This frequency dispersion is due to the partial relaxor characteristics of the material. A second anomaly appears as a shoulder at about 200°C in the imaginary part of the dielectric constant, both on heating and cooling curves. This could be attributed to the presence of a secondary relaxor system. The aging of dielectric properties has been investigated at different quenching temperatures below T m . Aging and rejuvenation are found to be of relaxor type. This is rather surprising since the amount of relaxor phase content is relatively small. Properties variation with temperature has been measured up to 140°C. It has been found that the elastic and piezoelectric constants show only a small variation for temperatures up to 90°C.


Objective To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of umbilical blood stem cell transplantation on patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods Total of 16 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis treated with umbilical stem cells were Child-Pugh class B or C.The therapeutic stem cells were collected and isolated from the umbilical blood of fetal delivered by normal or uterine-incision woman.The isolated stem cells were transplanted into the liver via hepatic artery.The manifestation,ascites,biochemical test,prothrombinal function and AFP were observed before and after treatment for 2,4,12 weeks.The volume of liver by MRI were measured and also 12 weeks' follow-up visit were finished.Results After 12 weeks of stem cells treatment,the clinical symptoms improved obviously.The refractory ascites disappeared in 14 cases(87.5%);the edema of lower extremity disappeared in all patients.The albumin level were elevated from 29.8 g/L to 36.2 g/L,the amplification reached 6.4 g/L(P 0.01) ,and pre-albumin were elevated from 72.46 mg/L to 107.11 mg/L,the amplification reached 34.65 mg/L(P 0.01) .The prothrombin time activity(PTA) increased from 46.4 % to 53.26%(P 0.01) .The serious adverse effects were not observed in all patients.The liver volume detected by MRI enlarged in 11 of 16 patients(69%) ,the average amplification reached 9.7%.Conclusions Umbilical blood stem cell therapy was effective in the symptoms improvement,ascites clearance,the liver synthetic potency of albumin and pre-albumin and prothrombin function improvement on patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.


There is evidently no skene in the early plays of Aeschylus and the locale changes easily. But in the Oresteia (and afterwards) a skene fixes the locale, though only for what happens on the stage. In Ag. it represents an outer wall. In Choe. it is not at first in the arena of action and so not in the path of vision, but it represents the wall by 584 when Electra enters the house, or at least by 653 when Orestes shouts to a doorkeeper. In Eum. 1–234 the skene represents (unless I am mistaken) an inner wall; the stage is an interior; and when Apollo enters from the far side at 179 (to our surprise), he seems to be coming from the adyton. The orchestra is still a locale unbounded as it was before. The tomb of Agamemnon in Choe. 1–651 is thought an indefinite distance from the house, not merely a lion's leap away. A temple of Athene becomes the Pnyx at Eum. 566 and then the hill of Ares at 685.


Abstract The calculus for equational implication languages given by Selman is generalized to handle the logical equivalent if the if…then…else… construct of high level programming languages. The relevance of these results to current investigations in the algebraic specifications of data types is discussed.


Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of adult mortality worldwide. Macrophages play a key role in atherogenesis by sustaining the local inflammatory response, facilitating accumulation of immune cells in atheromas that contribute to plaque development. Mitochondrial metabolism plays a key role in governing inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. Yet, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in regulating macrophage inflammation is not known. Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) expressed by endothelial cells mediates monocyte adhesion and extravasation in developing atherosclerotic plaques. We observed increased VCAM-1 expression in human and murine plaque macrophages. However, the function of this cell adhesion molecule expressed by macrophages is not known. Here, we evaluated if and how myeloid-VCAM-1 drive mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis pathology. Increased VCAM-1 expression in plaque macrophages correlated with oxidative DNA damage and mitochondrial volume. To understand the role of myeloid-Vcam1 in atherogenesis, we generated
 Apoe
 -/-
 LyzM
 cre/+
 VCAM-1
 fl/fl
 mice. Consistently,
 Apoe
 -/-
 mice lacking
 Vcam1
 in macrophages exhibited reduced atherosclerosis severity and inflammation. Vcam1-deficient macrophages exhibited decreased inflammation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial DNA synthesis genes, including Cmpk2.
 Cmpk2
 deletion in macrophages after oxidized LDL treatment reduced inflammatory mediators that aggravate atherosclerosis. RNA sequencing analysis of
 Vcam-1
 -deficient plaque macrophages and analysis of macrophages lacking
 Cmpk2
 identified
 Fcor
 and
 Lyz1
 as the target genes of
 Vcam1
 and
 Cmpk2
 . Interestingly, atherosclerotic plaque macrophages deficient of
 Sting
 , which mediates inflammatory signaling in response to oxidized mitochondrial DNA, had increased levels of
 Fcor
 and
 Lyz1
 . Our data suggest that VCAM-1 in macrophages signals via CMPK2 and POLG to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidation, and fragmentation, mediating atherogenesis.


Discrimination of tree species with different ages is performed in three classifications using hyperspectral data. The first classification is between Broadleaves and pines; the second classification is between Broadleaves, Corsican Pines, and Scots Pines, and the third classification is between six tree species including different ages of Corsican and Scots Pines. These three classifications are performed by having singleand multiple-endmember and considering five different spectral measure techniques (SMTs) in combination with reflectance spectra (ReflS), first and second derivative spectra. The result shows that using single-endmember, derivative spectra are not useful for a more challenging classification. This is further emphasized in multiple-endmember classification, where all SMTs perform better in ReflS rather than derivative in all classifications. Furthermore, using derivative spectra, discrimination accuracy become more dependent on the type of SMTs, especially in single-endmember. By employing multiple-endmember, the within-species variation is significantly reduced, thereby, the remaining challenge in discriminating tree species with different ages is only due to the between-species similarity. Overall, discrimination accuracies around 92.4, 76.8, and 71.5% are obtained using original reflectance and multiple-endmember for the first, second, and third classification, which is around 14.3, 17, and 8.3% higher than what were obtained in single-endmember classifications, respectively. Also, amongst the five SMTs, Euclidean distance (in both singleand multiple-endmember) and Jeffreys–Matusita distance (in single-endmember and derivative spectra) provided the highest discrimination accuracies in different classifications. Furthermore, when discrimination become more challenging from the first to second and third classification, the performance difference between different SMTs is increased from 1.4 to 3.8 and 7.3%, respectively. The study shows high potential of multiple-endmember to be employed in remote sensing applications in the future for improving tree species discrimination accuracy.


The in situ productivity of Botryocladia pseudodichotoma (Farl.) Kyl. and Rhodymenia californica var. californica Kyl., two common understory macrophytes in Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. forests, was determined once per month for one year. Gross productivity for B. pseudodichotoma was highest in October (1.23 mgC · g dry wt.−1· h−1), but rates were generally greater in spring and lower in summer. Respiration was variable throughout the year, especially in proportion to gross productivity. Gross productivity for R. californica var. californica was also highest in October (4.62 mgC · g dry wt.−1· h−1), and lowest in summer. Respiration was highly variable throughout the year. Deep (11 m) populations o/B. pseudodichotoma had 50% higher productivity than shallow (3 m) populations when incubated in shallow water, and 45% higher productivity when incubated in deep water. Populations of B. pseudodichotoma growing in shade at 3 m had 77% higher productivity than populations growing in sun at the same depth when incubated in a sun exposed location at 3 m. Respiration of the shade‐adapted plants was only one‐half that of the sun‐adapted plants. In comparison with similar studies in other sub‐tidal communities, net productivity of these two understory red algae is somewhat lower. Lack of strong seasonal productivity patterns and the highly variable underwater light regime suggests that understory algae may be adapted for rapid growth during short periods of high light, regardless of the time of year.


In this letter, an ultra‐wideband (UWB) eight‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system with multi‐loop modes for fifth‐generation (5G) smartphones is presented. The antenna unit has a simple structure and is composed of an inverted U‐shaped feeding strip and an L‐shaped grounding radiation strip with a hollow out in the middle. Owing to the generation of two coupling loop modes, the working bandwidth of the proposed antenna unit covers 3.2−6.4 GHz. Besides, the simulated and measured results show that the isolation between any two antennas is better than 12.0 dB, and the total efficiency of each element is higher than 50%. Meanwhile, the measured radiation pattern, envelope correlation coefficients, channel capacity loss, mean effective gain, and diversity gain are also given in this letter. The above results demonstrate that the MIMO system has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture, and superior performance.


Movements in the terms of trade between primary producers and manufacturers are analyzed using a model that introduces the influence of relative wage movements in the primary and manufacturing sectors as well as the influence of mark-up pricing in manufacturing. The model is estimated using data on the relative price of primary commodities and manufactured goods in international trade during the post-World War II (WWII) period. A decline in wages of primary-sector workers relative to those of workers in manufacturing and a rise in manufacturing margins are both estimated to have reduced the terms of trade for primary producers. However, expansion of manufacturing output is estimated to have a positive impact that has more than offset the negative influences during periods of moderate to strong growth.


The paper considers the issues of improving performance of ultra-high power arc steel-making furnaces. It highlights special aspects of 180 t furnace (DSP-180) operation modes and provides a curve of varying active power consumption. It offers a flowchart and operation principle of the ArCOS two-channel power mode control system as well. Its drawbacks mentioned in this paper include the need for regulation of the secondary circuit impedance and a slow system response. Process stages and standard diagrams of controlled parameter changeover are under consideration. A three-channel system may efficiently regulate the process power mode of arch steel-making furnace with automated control of transformer voltage, reactor inductance and secondary circuit impedance. The authors set a challenge to implement this principle at operated electric equipment with the aid of the ArCOS algorithms. Analysis of active power curves helped determining reactor in-ductances for a certain arch current values at the specified secondary voltage. The authors also pro-pose the formula to calculate the best ratios of transformer secondary voltage and reactor inductance. It enabled determining numbers of transformer and reactor stages that maintain the specified active power consumption. These ratios are recommended for development of the best DSP-180's power modes. Development of power mode control of arc steel-making furnaces with non-contact regulation of transformer voltage and reactor inductance is a promising trend.


This paper addresses the problem of energy-efficient resource allocation in the downlink of a cellular orthogonal frequency division multiple access system. Three definitions of energy efficiency are considered for system design, accounting for both the radiated and the circuit power. User scheduling and power allocation are optimized across a cluster of coordinated base stations with a constraint on the maximum transmit power (either per subcarrier or per base station). The asymptotic noise-limited regime is discussed as a special case. Results show that the maximization of the energy efficiency is approximately equivalent to the maximization of the spectral efficiency for small values of the maximum transmit power, while there is a wide range of values of the maximum transmit power for which a moderate reduction of the data rate provides large savings in terms of dissipated energy. In addition, the performance gap among the considered resource allocation strategies is reduced as the out-of-cluster interference increases.


The blind separation of audio signal is an important application of blind signal separation technology. The traditional separation algorithm based on neural network is analyzed first in this article. The shortage of it is easy to fall into local minimum, and it causes the limitation of convergence slowly and separation results inaccurate. Then, a separation algorithm is designed with genetic algorithm and neural network. The algorithm will optimize the initial value of the weight of separation, in order to control the sample by select operation, or cross operation, or mutation operation in the entire search space. Experiments show that it can obtain optimal values for separation matrix, and the speed of audio signal blind separation is quick and effective obviously.


F errarelli et al (page 766) used transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous high-density electroencephalographic recordings to show a slowing of the main oscillatory frequency (natural frequency) of frontal cortical areas in schizophrenic patients. The prefrontal natural frequency of schizophrenic patients was slower than in any control subject. Moreover, it was negatively correlated with positive Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores and reaction time in a word memory task.


Interaction of carboxylic acids, metallated by lithiumdiisopropylamide, with iodine in tetra-hydrofuran in the atmosphere of argon under normal conditions leads to formation of corresponding dicarboxylic acids with 40-92 % yields. Yields of dicarboxylic acids depend on enolate-anion structure and this dependence has extreme character when passing from enolate-anions with primary a -carbon anionoid center, to secondary and then tertiary. Maximum yields of dicarboxylic acids are obtained in oxidative coupling reaction of enolate anions, containing secondary a -carbon anionoid center.


By analyzing and indicating the relationship between the ground layout design and the traffic organization,the paper illustrates the reasonable design for functional zones,the entrance and exits,and the parking grounds,so as to make the general layout design be more reasonable and the general design be more optimized.


User Direct Messaging (UDM) allows user-level, processor-to-processor messaging to coexist with general multiprogramming and virtual memory. Direct messaging, where processors launch and receive messages in tens of cycles directly via network interface FIFOs as opposed to indirectly via memory, offers high message bandwidth and low delivery latency by avoiding memory delay and buffer management overhead. However, user-level direct messaging implementations to date are limited in that they operate only in single-user machines or with strict gang scheduling. In this paper, we develop a messaging approach for protected, direct delivery with a single, unified user interface but with an underlying implementation that provides two delivery cases: a fast, common case corresponding to direct user access to hardware queues and a second case using virtual buffering that is invoked transparently when required by the demands of multiprogramming, virtual memory or user intransigence. The paper lays out a simple, efficient messaging model for user direct messaging that allows both user interrupts and user polling by explicitly incorporating atomicity. The paper then identifies two mechanisms that enable the model to map to a fast, hardware path: a revocable interrupt disable mechanism in hardware permits the user to block the network in a limited way and an overflow control scheme used in the virtual buffer case allows all buffer management overhead to be avoided in the fast path. Experiments with real and synthetic applications on an existing, single-user machine, Alewife, and a new, simulated, multi-user machine, FUGU, show that the cost of the fast case is within a few cycles of the cost of unprotected, kernel messaging and indicate that the fast case can indeed be expected to be the common case under ordinary conditions.


True evolvable hardware should evolve whole hardware structures. In robotics, it is not enough only to evolve the control circuit; the performance of the control circuit is dependent on other hardware parameters-the robot body plan, which might include body size, wheel radius, motor time constant, sensors, etc. Both the control circuit and the body plan co-evolve in true evolvable hardware. By including the robot body plan in the genotype as a kind of Hox gene, we co-evolve task-fulfilling behaviors and body plans, and we study the distribution of body parameters in the morphological space. Further, we have developed a new hardware module for the Khepera robot, namely ears with programmable amplifiers, synthesizers and mixers, that allow us to study true evolvable hardware by modelling the evolution of auditory sensor morphology.


Based on the principle of Mahalanobis distance discriminant analysis,a stability predictive model of landslide is established in this paper,including nine indexes reflecting the stability of landslide:configurational character,slip surface character,the shear strength of slip soils,latest activities(intrinsic factor) and potamic effect,rainstorm intensity,posterior load,engineering activities,earthquake effect(exterior factor).Discriminant functions are obtained through training a large set of lanslide engineering in three Gorges zone.The evaluated results show that the prediction model of distance discriminant analysis excellent performance and the resubstitution rate is zero.This is a new method to predict the stability of landslide and can be used in practical lanslide engineering.


The paper introduced development of mining products safety approval and certification and CCC,summarizes related management situation,and analyzed management differences of the two certifications from certain aspects such as assessment rules,inspector management,assessment charges,etc.,thus realizing the target for mutual learning.


We investigated the effects of a surgical lesion of one vestibular inner ear (unilateral vestibular damage [UVD]) on the field potential responses of CA1 neurons in vitro. Hippocampal slices were removed from rats at 4–6 weeks or 5–6 months post‐UVD, and the field responses of CA1 neurons to electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collateral commissural pathway were analyzed. Compared with slices from sham and naive control animals, slices from UVD animals at 5–6 months post‐UVD exhibited decreases in the population spike amplitude, the somal field excitatory postsynaptic potential (sfEPSP) slope, and the field EPSP (fEPSP) slope. For the population spike amplitude and fEPSP slope, this effect was observed in both CA1 ipsilateral and contralateral to the UVD. On both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides, paired‐pulse testing showed increases in paired‐pulse inhibition at the shortest interstimulus intervals (ISIs), with increases in paired‐pulse facilitation at longer ISIs. This study provides the first evidence that peripheral vestibular damage can produce long‐term changes in hippocampal electrophysiological activity in vitro. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The biggest hope of the elderly is going to spend live time happily, but most of them experience the opposite. They have to live with the unhappiness and causing the uncomfortable feeling inside. The aim of the research is to determine the correlation between social support and the incidence of hypertension in the elderly in Baro Village, Peudada District, Bireuen Regency. This is descriptive research, with a sample of 75 elderly and the sampling technique is taken by total sampling. The results showed that the average elderly experienced hypertension with the following causes, 51 (68.0%) hypertension caused by informational support, 55 elderly (73.3%) hypertension caused by assessment support, 52 elderly (69.3%) hypertension caused by instrumental support, 53 elderly (70.7%) hypertension caused by emotional support, 55 elderly (73.3%) caused by elderly hypertension. The cause of hypertension in the elderly in Gampong Baro is due to family support factors. It is suggested to families for paying more attention to things that cause hypertension in the elderly and provide support both in terms of information, instrumental, emotional, and social support.


Acne is one of the skin diseases that disturbs the appearance especially of teenagers. Some types of bacteria that cause acne is Propionibacterium acnes. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used to treat acne is kecombrang flowers ( Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the kecombrang ethanol extract has antibacterial activity against the bacteria that caused acne, and to know the effective concentration of the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flower on the bacteria that caused the acne. The research conducted was experimental research. The stages of the study began from the determination of the sample, the manufacture of simplicia powder, extraction of kecombrang flowers using the maceration method, phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. The concentrations of extract used in the testing of antibacterial activity were 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flower contained secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids and saponins. The results of the testing of the antibacterial activity showed that the ethanol extract of the kecombrang flowers had a medium activity at a concentration of 80% against the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with a inhibition zone of 7,67 mm. Keywords: Kecombrang flowers ( Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.Sm.), Antibacterial activity test, Propionibacterium acnes


Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) is a very importantly native species in China.However,this species had been introduced to Europe and North America and had posed great influences on invaded ecosystems because of their rapid expansion.In this study,genetic variation and diversity of the Chinese mitten crab from its native ranges(Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in China) and colonized regions(Elbe River in Germany,Rhine River in Netherlands,Thames River in UK and San Francisco Bay in USA) were investigated using twenty microsatellites loci.The results found that the native populations possess higher genetic diversity than the colonized populations,and significant genetic differentiation between the native and colonized populations,and among the colonized populations.Bayesian clustering analysis showed significant genetic cluster of the colonized population from the native populations,and also significant genetic variation between the North American and European populations.Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated the high level of genetic differentiation between the native and colonized populations.Bottleneck signal test showed that the Rhine River experienced significant bottleneck effect.The results indicated that adaptive evolution would have occurred in Chinese mitten carp during its colonized process.


Internalin B (InlB) is a surface protein of the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. This protein binds the extracellular domain of the human receptor tyrosine kinase cMet to induce uptake of the bacteria by phagocytosis into nonphagocytic cells. InlB consists of different domains, only one of which is involved in the binding of c-Met. We are working on the B-repeat, a domain in the middle of InlB, to which no function is allotted at the moment. We obtained a native data set with a resolution of 1.3Å. No obvious homologs exist, so we had to solve the phase problem experimentally. To this end, we used SeMet-crystals. From these crystals we measured a four-wavelength MAD data set at DESY, X12. The structure was solved with ShelxD. The crystals contain four molecules per asymmetric with one internal and the Nterminal Se-Met per molecule. ShelxD located five out of these eight Se atoms. Solvent flattening in ShelxE including the native data produced an excellent experimental electron density. Here we present the structure of the InlB B-repeat and its initial analysis including fold comparison and the prediction of binding sites for potential interaction partners.


Objectives: To find out the efficacy of single dose antibiotic vs multiple dosesin preventing wound infection following appendicectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis.
Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical college Hospital from January'2009 to June'2009. 100 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis who underwent appendicectomy during that period were included in this study. Among them 50 cases were included in study group ·(SG) who were given only single dose of combination drugs ( lnj. Cefuroxime + lnj. Metronidazole).ln rest of the 50 cases (CG), antibiotics were continued for 7 days postoperatively.
Result: Maximum incidence of acute appendicitis was in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life with male preponderance .Rate of wound infection in the study group and control group was 4% and 2% respectively which was not statistically significant .The duration of antibiotic therapy had no significant effect on the length of hospital stay between the two groups ; 2.48 days vs 2.9 days [mean + s.d. 69.6 # 16.8 hours ] in the study and control group respectively, though treatment cost was higher in control group in comparison to the study group .
Conclusion: Single dose of preoperative antibiotics is adequate for prevention of postoperative wound infection following appendicectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis.
Journal of Surgical Sciences (2015) Vol. 19 (1) : 17-20


The article investigates how the two divisors of a RSA modulus distribute in the T3 tree. It proves that, the two divisors of a RSA modulus lie on the same level or on two adjacent levels and at least one of them is clamped on the same level where the square root of the RSA modulus lies. Then the paper proposes three interval-subdivisions that can indicate which subinterval the two divisors lie in. Mathematical deductions are showed in detail, which can be a reference to design algorithm of RSA factorization.


Fe-Cr ferritic stainless steels are the prospective interconnect materials used for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).However,the long term performance of SOFC stacks is still limited due to poor oxidation-resistance and potential chromium(Cr)volatilization of the ferritic stainless steel.Recently,the surface modification with protective coatings is found to be effective in reducing the performance degradation of metallic interconnects.The main function and requirement of protective coatings of Fe-Cr metallic interconnect for IT-SOFCs applications are introduced.The main variety and research progress of interconnect coatings are reviewed emphatically.The existing problems and development prospects of this kind of coating are also proposed.


The connotative meaning of microaggressions in the U.S.used to mean subtle offenses done to American blacks by whites;now it refers to all kinds of subtle words,actions,attitudes,postures and inclinations caused by stereotype preconceptions to individuals in any marginalized,nonnormative and/or nonprivileged groups.Ccampus microaggressions take a lot of forms and are very subtle.They can have a negative influence on target groups.Dialogue and un-labeling in coping strategies can provide some enlightenments to restrict campus microaggression in China


Treatment for tuberculosis typically consists of a combination of 5 drugs, of which isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) and rifampicin are the most significant ones. However, they are also associated with serious hepatotoxicity and fatal liver injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotector effect of press needle acupuncture on drug induced liver injury caused by INH and rifampicin by measuring the histopathological changes and variations in the SGOT, SGPT and MDA levels. This single-blinded, experimental, randomised control trial included 28 Wistar rats that were randomly allocated into four groups [control group (n = 7), negative control group (n = 7), press needle group (n = 7) and Sham acupuncture group (n = 7)]. Press needle acupuncture was administered using Pyonex press needle at Acupoints GB34 Yanglingquan and BL18 Ganshu. Significant differences in the mean histopathological scores were observed between the groups. The press needle acupuncture group exhibited lower steatosis (1.57 ± 0.787) compared to the negative control (2.33 ± 0.516) and the Sham acupuncture groups (2.29 ± 0.488) (p < 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that press needle acupuncture had a hepatoprotector effect on histopathological changes associated with drug induced liver injury caused by isoniazid and rifampicin.


In an anti-backlash planetary transmission having a sun wheel (9), planet wheels (6) supported in a rotary carrier (7), and a transmission housing, which fixes the annular wheel (5), and holds the sun wheel (9) and the rotary carrier (7) such that they can rotate, it is intended that the gearwheels which engage in one another with a constant change in profile should be capable of adjustment in a simple manner. To this end, the transmission housing is split in the axial direction into a centre part (1) and two end parts (2, 3), which in each case are flanged thereto, the end parts (2, 3) being axially adjustable with respect to the centre part (1). The centre part (1) harbours the annular wheel (5) while the sun wheel (9) is supported in one of the end parts (2, 3) and the rotary carrier (7) is supported in the other end part (2, 3). The adjustment capability can be achieved by means of adjusting discs (11, 12) between the housing parts (1 and 2, 3).


AbstractProblem: Remotely sensed land surface temperatures help exploring the surface urban heat island. Measures to mitigate the urban heat island include increasing green urban areas and altering the form of cities. Research is needed to explore the impacts of urban form on the surface urban heat island. Research strategy: Data on land surface temperatures for summer 2001 and land cover are combined with meteorological, demographic, and topographic data for European urban regions, delineated as larger urban zones. To ensure a comprehensive view, three ways of quantifying surface urban heat island are calculated and stratified for morning and evening, and climate zones. Linear models reveal the relative influence of the four factors: (1) composition (e.g., share of different land covers in the urban region), (2) configuration (e.g., spatial arrangement), (3) location (e.g., distance to coast or elevation), and (4) population. Findings: The explanatory power (i.e., adj. R-sq) of the models varies strongly...


For a class of invariant linear systems,not only we give the approach to design a state-feedback controller for trapezoidal regions(vertical bar area and generalized fan area)based on LMI(Linear Matrix Inequality),but also a state-feedback reliable controller for trapezoidal regions.A more practical continuous model of sensor and actuator failures than discrete model is considered,we present the sufficient condition for existence of the state feedback reliable controller.By solving the LMI,determine the parameter matrix of the robust reliable controller.The reliable controller given can against the influence of actuator failures and achieve pole placement in the trapezoidal regions.A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness and the feasibility of the obtained results.


Text categorization - the assignment of texts to one or more predefined categories based on their content-represents an important component of different information organization and management tasks. Significance of text categorization leads many researchers to find more and more effective methods for this task. It has recently been shown that artificial immune system (AIS) can be successfully used in many machine learning tasks so it can be also used for text categorization task. The aim of this paper is to check applicability of AIS algorithms (Immunos-1, Immunos-2 and Immunos-2A) on text classification task. The results are compared with some classical document classification methods: naive Bayesian classifier and K-NN classifier.


In this paper, we study the effect of surrogate objective functions in optimization problems. We introduce surrogate ratio as a measure of such effect, where the surrogate ratio is the ratio between the optimal values of the original and surrogate objective functions.

We prove that the surrogate ratio is at most mu^{|1/p - 1/q|} when the objective functions are p- and q-norms, and the feasible region is a mu-dimensional space (i.e., a subspace of R^mu), a mu-intersection of matroids, or a mu-extendible system. We also show that this is the best possible bound. In addition, for mu-systems, we demonstrate that the ratio becomes mu^{1/p} when p q. Here, a mu-system is an independence system such that for any subset of ground set the ratio of the cardinality of the largest to the smallest maximal independent subset of it is at most mu. We further extend our results to the surrogate ratios for approximate solutions.


This paper briefly introduces the basic connotation of earned value management, determine, from the target variable management process design, system function design and system implementation four aspects that the management of defense scientific research project management system design and implementation process based on the earned value, and some reasonable countermeasures to promote the use of the system.


In a recently published article (9), Wachino et al. reported that a single amino acid substitution (I292S) responsible for the expansion of the hydrolyzing activity against several extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ceftazidime or cefepime) is near the H-10 helix region of CMY-19. However, other reports (2, 7, 8) have concluded that the region responsible for the extended substrate spectrum in class C β-lactamases is in (not near) the H-10 helix.

Wachino and colleagues designated the amino acid sequence from 279 to 287 as the H-10 helix (Fig. (Fig.1),1), which may be based on the crystal structure of AmpC K-12 (PDB code 2BLS), although they did not state the fact. However, one previous report described residues 279 to 294 as the H-10 helix, according to the crystal structure of GC1 (3). Our recent report (5) showed that the sequence from 289 to 294 was the H-10 (α10) helix (Fig. (Fig.1),1), based on superposed crystal structures among CMY-10 (5), P99, and GC1 β-lactamases. There are different positions of the H-10 helix that is related to the extended substrate spectrum in class C β-lactamases. Therefore, we propose that the exact region responsible for the extended substrate spectrum is the R2 loop (residues 289 to 307) (Fig. (Fig.1)1) described in our recent report (5). There are three important reasons why the exact region is the R2 loop in the R2 active site, referring to the region that accommodates the R2 side chain at C3 of the β-lactam nucleus in extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

FIG. 1.

A sequence alignment of amino acid residues near the H-9 (α9) and H-10 helix (α10) of class C β-lactamases with extended substrate spectrum. Alignment among CMY-10, P99, and GC1 β-lactamases whose structures are available ...

First, the R2 loop includes all regions responsible for the extended substrate spectrum in all reported class C extended-spectrum β-lactamases except HKY28 (4): (i) six-amino-acid deletion (residues 289 to 294) of CHE (2); (ii) the single amino acid substitution (L296H) of AmpC KL (7); (iii) four-amino-acid deletion (residues 293 to 296) of HD (8); (iv) three-amino-acid deletion (residues 303 to 305) of CMY-10 (5); (v) the single amino acid substitution (I292S) of CMY-19 (9); and (vi) the L293P substitution of Ear2 (1).

Second, mutations in the R2 loop can change the architecture of the active site in class C extended-spectrum β-lactamases, thereby affecting their hydrolyzing activity. Owing to the deletion in CMY-10, for example, the R2 loop in the R2 active site displays noticeable structural alterations: the shortened path of the connection R2 loop between α10 and β11 (Fig. (Fig.1)1) induces a ∼2.5-A shift of α9 and α10 relative to the adjacent helix α11 in CMY-10, compared with both P99 and GC1 β-lactamases, opening the gap between α9-α10 and α11 (5). Therefore, the bulky R2 side chain of extended-spectrum cephalosporins could fit snugly into the significantly widened R2 active site in this way (6).

Third, CMY-19 showed 97% sequence identity to CMY-10. But the sequence identity between CMY-19 and AmpC K-12 was 40%. Therefore, it is reasonable for the region responsible for the extended substrate spectrum in CMY-19 to be designated based on the crystal structure of CMY-10 (not AmpC K-12).


Using UAV and multispectral images has contributed to identifying field variability and improving crop management through different data modeling methods. However, knowledge on application of these tools to manage peanut maturity variability is still lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare and validate linear and multiple linear regression with models using artificial neural networks (ANN) for estimating peanut maturity under irrigated and rainfed conditions. The models were trained (80% dataset) and tested (20% dataset) using results from the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons from irrigated and rainfed fields. In each field, plant reflectance was collected weekly from 90 days after planting using a UAV-mounted multispectral camera. Images were used to develop vegetation indices (VIs). Peanut pods were collected on the same dates as the UAV flights for maturity assessment using the peanut maturity index (PMI). The precision and accuracy of the linear models to estimate PMI using VIs were, in general, greater in irrigated fields with R2 > 0.40 than in rainfed areas, which had a maximum R2 value of 0.21. Multiple linear regressions combining adjusted growing degree days (aGDD) and VIs resulted in decreased RMSE for both irrigated and rainfed conditions and increased R2 in irrigated areas. However, these models did not perform successfully in the test process. On the other hand, ANN models that included VIs and aGDD showed accuracy of R2 = 0.91 in irrigated areas, regardless of using Multilayer Perceptron (MLP; RMSE = 0.062) or Radial Basis Function (RBF; RMSE = 0.065), as well as low tendency (1:1 line). These results indicated that, regardless of the ANN architecture used to predict complex and non-linear variables, peanut maturity can be estimated accurately through models with multiple inputs using VIs and aGDD. Although the accuracy of the MLP or RBF models for irrigated and rainfed areas separately was high, the overall ANN models using both irrigated and rainfed areas can be used to predict peanut maturity with the same precision.


We propose a novel, operational framework to formally descr ibe the semantics of concurrent programs running within the con text of a relaxed memory model. Our framework features a "temporary store" where the memory operations issued by the thread s are recorded, in program order. A memory model then specifies the conditions under which a pending operation from this sequen ce is allowed to be globally performed, possibly out of order. The m mory model also involves a "write grain," accounting for arch itectures where a thread may read a write that is not yet globally v isible. We illustrate our approach by way of examples, and disc us some extensions. We have build a software simulator allowin g us to run litmus tests in our semantics.


Interest in highly reactive anatase TiO2 with controllable facets has increased rapidly in recent years because its unique properties provide new insights into the interfacial chemistry of TiO2 in applications such as photocatalysis and in its use as an electrode material. We report here the fabrication of hetero-structured TiO2/SrTiO3 nanotube arrays with a preferred orientation to the anatase TiO2 {001} facet by a typical anodization and subsequent hydrothermal approach, followed by annealing. Based on XRD, FE-SEM, FE-TEM, XPS and Raman measurements, it is shown that TiO2 is partially converted into SrTiO3 attached to in situ TiO2 nanotubes. A hetero-structured interface of TiO2/SrTiO3 with preferred growth of the anatase TiO2 {001} facet was confirmed to be formed after the hydrothermal process. The resulting hetero-structured samples were used as photocatalysts to decolorize methylene blue in aqueous solution in a photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic process. The hetero-structured samples show enhanced photocatalytic properties compared with the reference TiO2 nanotube arrays.


Many experiments in nuclear and particle physics would benefit from a device capable of detecting nonionizing events with a low energy threshold. We report on experimental tests of a low‐temperature detector based on the registration of nonequilibrium phonons. The device is composed of a silicon single crystal with superconducting tunnel junctions (Al/Al2O3/Al) evaporated onto its surface. In first experiments a 20×10×3 mm3 crystal at an operating temperature of T = 0.37 K was tested with 5.5‐MeV α particles. Pulse‐height analysis and the timing of pulses in different junctions is shown to yield position and energy resolution. An energy threshold of 250 keV was estimated for absorption anywhere in the crystal. A position resolution of 0.6 mm was determined over a sensitive length of 10 mm. Though phonon focusing effects were registered in the vicinity of the [001] direction, scattered and reflected phonons dominate the signals in the general case. The experimental results are discussed in terms of ballist...


Introduction: Pediatric and adult dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) represent distinct entities with divergent gene expression, histopathology, and response to medical therapies. Prognostically importan...


The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of acidity on the energy level of curcumin dye. The natural dye, curcumin, was synthesized from Curcuma longa L. using a simple extraction technique. The purification of curcumin dye was conducted in a column of chromatography and its characteristics were studied. Next, the purified curcumin dye was added by benzoic acids until various acidities of 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The absorbance spectra and the functionality groups found in the dyes were detected by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Meanwhile, the energy level of the dyes, EHOMO and ELUMO was measured by cyclic voltammetry. The best energy level of curcumin dye was achieved at pH 3.5 where Ered = −0.37V, ELUMO = −4.28 eV, Eox = 1.15V, EHOMO = −5.83 eV, and Eband gap = 1.55 eV. Therefore, the purified curcumin dye added by benzoic acid was promising for sensitizing the dye-sensitized solar cells.


Objective To investigate the effect of modified poly L acid-type collagen I loaded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) for diabetic wound of rat. Methods 36 diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: A (poly L acid-type collagen I + BMSCs), B (poly L acid-type collagen I) and C ( control), the wound healing was observed and the cytokeratin in 5-BrdU BMSCs was detected. Re- suits The wound healing rate in 3, 5, 7, 14 d of group A were (18. 20 ± 2. 68 ) % , (30.60±5.50)%, (57. 63 ±9. 13)%, (87. 35 ±5. 83 )% respectively and faster than group B (P 〈 0. 05) and group C ( P 〈 0. 05 ) , the newly-grown skin in group A had more blood vessel, cutaneous appendages and thicker than group B and group C, the cytokeratin were detected in the 5-BrdU BMSCs. Conclusion Modified poly L acid-type collagen I loaded with BMSCs can promote the rat diabetic wound healing.

Key words:
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;  Diabetic wound


The experiment was carried out in "San Fernando de Guamani", Quito, with the
objective of evaluating the biodegradation of a pyrethroid insecticide in potato soil
samples by the addition of T. harzianum and P. ostreatus. The field consisted in
georeferencing the sampling site in the "El Capuli" sector in the province of Carchi
and obtaining soil samples. P. ostreatus seed was obtained in Calacali. In the
laboratory phase, the analysis and quantification of the pyrethroid were performed
in the soil samples (at the beginning and at the end of the test); In this phase also
the isolation, massification and obtaining of the inoculum of each one of the fungic
species was realized. The experimental design was based on a DCA with 4
replicates and 4 treatments, T0 (control); T1 (soil + T. harzianum + pyrethroid);
T2 (soil + P. ostreatus + pyrethroid), T3 (soil + T. harzianum + P. ostreatus +
pyrethroid). The variables studied were temperature, humidity, pH and electrical
conductivity. T3 had a biodegradation percentage of 92.57%, surpassing the rest
of the treatments. The results presented in this research show that T. harzianum
and P. ostreatus are able to biodegrade the pyrethroid insecticide, confirming its
potential and effective application, therefore, bioremediation is an excellent
alternative in contaminant degradation processes.


We report 2 cases of surgically treated heterolateral adrenal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. The value of the CT-scan in the diagnosis of adrenal pathology is debated. The substitutive hormonal treatment post bilateral adrenalectomy is discussed.


The insurance develops rapidly.The scale of the business expands incessantly.In consideration of the limitations of using single risk model.The paper expands the compound poisson,and discusses the risk model of reinsurance,we yield the expression type of ψ(u) and"the lundberg inequality" for ψ(u).


The hydrophilic chromatographic column,Waters AcQuity BEH Hilic column was used in UHPLC determination of nadolol in feed.The sample was extracted ultrasonically twice with 15,10 mL of 1%(φ)methanol.The supernatants were combined.An aliquot of 5mL was taken and purified by passing through MCX SPE micro-column.The column was eluted with 5mL of mixture of 5%(φ)CH3OH and NH3(aq.).The eluate was evaporated to dryness by N2-blowing at 40 ℃,and the residue was taken up with 1mL of the mobile phase which is a mixture of acetonitrile,0.5%formic acid solution,and water,mixed in the ratio of 10to 15to 75.An aliquot of 1.0μL was introduced and analyzed by UHPLC.Satisfactory separation of nadolol was attained by using the Hilic column and the above mentioned mixture as mobile phase.Linear relationship between values of peak area and mass concentration of nadolol was kept in the range of 0.01-20 mg·L-1.Lower limit of determination(10S/N)found for the method was 0.01mg·kg-1.Values of recovery found by standard addition method were ranged from 78.5%to 95.0%,with values of RSD′s(n=5)less than 8%.


A single-stage, ZVT-PWM, power factor correction converter is proposed in this paper. Zero-voltage switching for the main switch and zero-current switching for the auxiliary switch are realized by utilizing the leakage inductance of the output transformer and the capacitance of the switches. As a result, no additional resonant components need to be added. ZVS operation is realized for a wide range of load and line. High frequency operation of the proposed converter makes the AC-DC power supply possible to be minimized in size and weight and the soft switching scheme reduces the electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed converter uses a grounded auxiliary switch so that the isolated driving circuit is not required. The simplified driving circuitry again improves the overall efficiency and power density. Practically, the direct driving schemes of both the main and the auxiliary switches allows the proposed converter to operate in even high switching frequency and have good regulation capability. A 50-W 500-kHz prototype has been built in the laboratory to experimentally verify the analysis and simulation results.


The invention discloses a thermoelectric generator for an automotive vehicle tail gas waste heat recovery. N low-temperature end heat exchangers and n-1 high-temperature end heat exchangers are installed on a wrapper plate at intervals; the n low-temperature end heat exchanger are communicated through connecting pipes; the first one and nth one at the other side of the low-temperature end heat exchangers are respectively connected with the low-temperature end heat exchangers and the high-temperature end heat exchangers, and the high-temperature end heat exchangers at two sides are respectively connected with thermal shunt dispersers; a plurality of thermoelectric generation modules are placed on between the adjacent low-temperature end heat exchangers and the high-temperature end heat exchangers in an array mode; two adjacent thermoelectric generation modules are connected in series with flow deflectors; and the first thermoelectric generation module and the last thermoelectric generation module are connected by virtue of output electrodes; and the thermoelectric generation modules are fixed by heat insulating material layers. The electric energy generated by the invention is utilized directly, or stored in a storage battery of an automotive vehicle so as to serve as a partial power supply of a petrol-electric hybrid vehicle; and the thermoelectric generator can be used for not only lowering the degree of pollution caused by the direct emission of automotive vehicle tail gas to the environment, but also solving the supply issue of the power supply for the automotive vehicle.


The electron-impact induced fragmentation of eleven substituted benzimidazoline-2-ones, five indazoline-3-ones, and 3-hydroxyindazoles have been studied by conventional mass spectrometry including high resolution mass spectrometry. Although basic fragmentation patterns of these three series of compounds were similar to each other, the substituents on the nucleus were found to alter the fragmentation patterns somewhat.