01. In general, the administration of monoclonal antibodies in the oncology setting should be given via IV using a. Bolus push. b. Slow infusion. c. Free-flowing drip. d. Patient-controlled administration. 02. Mrs. Hoffman has been receiving alemtuzumab (Campath, Berlex Inc., Richmond, CA) 30 mg three times per week for eight weeks. Recently, she required a three-week break from her therapy because of severe thrombocytopenia. Now that she is ready to resume treatment, at what dose should she be resumed? a. 3 mg b. 10 mg c. 30 mg d. 90 mg 03. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics and antiviral agents and monitoring of T-cell counts are recommended for patients receiving therapy using a. Rituximab (Rituxan, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA). b. Trastuzumab. c. Alemtuzumab. d. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA). 04. The advent of which of the following technologies led to the initial production of monoclonal antibodies? a. Fusion b. Genomic c. Polyclonic d. Hybridoma 05. During administration of the initial dose of rituximab, the patient starts to complain of feeling cold and subsequently begins to shiver and shake. The appropriate action to take is to a. Administer one ampule of sodium bicarbonate. b. Cover the patient with a blanket and offer a warm beverage. c. Stop the infusion of rituximab and administer normal saline. d. Place emergency medication or equipment by the patient's infusion chair. 06. The patient being cared for has just completed a monoclonal antibody infusion that has been combined with a cytotoxic agent. The nurse should take which of the following precautions to dispose of the IV administration equipment used? a. Dispose of the IV bag and tubing in a trash can. b. Handle the IV bag and tubing per institutional hazardous waste disposal policy. c. No specific precautions are necessary when removing equipment. d. Wear gloves when removing the IV bag and disconnecting the IV tubing from the patient. 07. A patient will be receiving ibritumomab tiuxetan (ZevalinTM, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA). Education regarding postinfusion care will include instructing patients and caregivers to a. Use only disposable dinnerware. b. Wash their hands thoroughly after using a toilet. c. Live in separate households for six weeks. d. Launder patients' clothing twice using a strong bleach detergent. 08. Rituximab is an example of which type of monoclonal antibody? a. Human b. Murine c. Chimeric d. Humanized 09. The most common adverse effect of cetuximab (ErbituxTM, ImClone Systems, Inc., New York, NY, and BristolMyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) is a. Myalgia. b. Acne-like rash. c. Cardiac toxicity. d. Thrombocytopenia. 10. Nursing management of the most common adverse effect associated with cetuximab includes a. Using topical ointments and avoiding overexposure to the sun. b. Monitoring for bleeding and instituting bleeding precautions. c. Educating patients concerning a lowsalt diet and monitoring daily weight. d. Providing for an exercise regimen and possible physical therapy referral. 11. Mrs. Jones reports shortness of breath with exertion and slight, pitting ankle edema. Last week, she received trastuzumab (Herceptin, Genentech Inc.). Her symptoms have become progressively worse over the past week. The most recent chemistry profile was completed last week, and all results were within normal limits. A complete blood cell count today reveals white blood cell count of 4.6/mm, hemoglobin 10.9 g/dl, hematocrit 32.8%, and platelet count of 350,000/mm. Mrs. Jones now is scheduled for a weekly trastuzumab infusion. The most appropriate nursing action would be to a. Reschedule treatment for next week. b. Administer the trastuzumab as ordered. c. Explain to the patient that her symptoms are a result of anemia. d. Notify the physician about the patient's signs and symptoms before proceeding with the infusion. This material is protected by U.S. copyright law. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited. To purchase quantity reprints or request permission to reproduce multiple copies, please e-mail email@example.com.


This article is about causal explanations for the way journalists report the news. In its first part, the article reviews traditional and current models or theories of journalists' news decisions, concentrating on news factors, institutional objectives, the manipulative power of public relations by news sources and the subjective beliefs of journalists. It comes to the conclusion that most of these approaches do not explain the underlying processes leading to news judgements. Starting from these shortcomings and from the assumption that most of journalists' work is about perceptions, conclusions and judgements, it then attempts to apply psychological theories to news decision-making. The author holds that two general needs or functions involving specific psychological processes can explain news decisions: a need for social validation of perceptions and a need to preserve one's existing predispositions. Empirical data from several surveys and studies among journalists are used to demonstrate the appropriateness of this approach to journalists' behavior.


The area of human machine interaction has been immersed into transportation research for many years and has embraced in intelligent transportation systems for the development of next-generation active safety systems in recent years. It has long been identified that the driver distraction plays a major role in traffic accidents and application of imaging technologies to detect and predict such critical situations has become attractive. This paper presents a closed-loop image based solution to detect critical driver behaviors and produce warning signals when safety critical situations arise. The system tracks driver upper body, eye movements and external objects using multiple cameras in a vehicle to determine the driving risk. Current implementation detects three risky driving behaviors, namely, texting, drinking and reach to grab objects while driving, and combines them with gaze movement to determine the crash severity.


ObjectiveTo describe the long-term pain outcomes of patients who have had anterior cervical discectomy at 1 or 2 levels without fusion for cervical disc prolapse. MethodThis retrospective study reviewed the medical records of all 74 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy without fusion at King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between June 1998 and August 2007. All patients were evaluated using the Meuhlbauer et al scoring system from 2 to 9 years after operation. ResultsSeventy-four patients were evaluated clinically by Meuhlbauer et al scoring system for at least 2 years postoperatively. The dramatic improvements in pain scoring system and root-related deficit scoring system were documented. ConclusionsOur results indicate that anterior cervical discectomy without fusion is an effective decompression technique for treating pain due to cervical disc disease in properly selected patients.


Simultaneous detection of many ions in situ offers advantages in environmental monitoring, including the ability to distinguish a variety of complexed species. We demonstrate here a small mercury ion selective electrode responsive to changing halide concentrations, interpretable as mercury halide speciation in solution. We also present an array of similary constructed small halide-detecting electrodes capable of differentiating halides and sulfide activities. These are a necessary first step toward development of an ion selective microelectrode array for speciation detection of heavy metals in natural waters. Eletrodes consist of a composite of a conductive epoxy and an insoluble salt of the species to be detected. Electrodes studied have an easily renewable surface of approximately 13 mm 2


Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of multiple primary colorectal carcinoma(MPCC).Methods By studying of four cases with MPCC in our hospital and the papers published about this disease,we reviewed the incidence,high risk factors,diagnostic methods and therapeutic procedures of MPCC.Results The incidences of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary carcinoma were 2%~6%,0.6%~9%,respectively.The high risk factors of MPCC included surgical operation,radiotherapy,hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and multiple adenoma of large intestine.Synchronous multiple primary carcinoma was very easy to be missed-diagnosis and metachronous multiple primary carcinoma was likely to be misdiagnosis.Radical resection,extended radical resection and total colectomy were three main surgical operations.Conclusions It was very important to inspect the high risk population for early diagnosis of MPCC,and the radical resection and the long term follow-up using colonoscopy after operation were the proper management procedures of the disease.


Perception of audiovisual synchrony relies on matching temporal attributes across sensory modalities. To investigate the influence of experience on cross-modal temporal integration, the effect of musical experience on the perception of audiovisual synchrony was studied with speech and music stimuli. Nine musicians and nine non-musicians meeting strict group criteria provided simultaneity judgments to audiovisual /ba/ and guitar-strum stimuli, each with 23 levels of audiovisual alignment. Although results for the speech and music stimuli differed, the two groups did not differ in their responses to the two types of stimuli. Consistent with previous research, responses from both groups show less temporal sensitivity to stimuli with video-lead than audio-lead. No significant between-group difference was found for video-lead thresholds. However, both for the speech and music stimuli, musicians had an audio-lead threshold significantly closer to the point of physical synchrony than non-musicians, indicating th...


Nanofiltration (NF) is a membrane-based separation process used for treatment of industrial effluents and wastewater recycling. NF membranes have high potential to remove low molecular weight trace contaminants from aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, which cannot be removed efficiently by other conventional treatment methods. In the present study, asymmetric PEBAX-1657 (Poly ether block amide) nanofiltration (FNF) membranes were synthesized by phase-inversion technique from mixed solvent system. These indigenous membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies to elucidate the structural, crystallinity, thermal stability, surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the membranes, respectively. The effect of various operating parameters such as permeate flux, total dissolved solids (TDS) and impurity rejection were studied. From the experimental results, an average flux of 68 L/m 2 h (Pebax-2533) and 66 L/m 2 h (pebax-1657) were obsereved at a constant pressure of 21 kg/cm 2 . TDS rejections were found to be 15.18 and 38.56 % respectively. A detailed economic estimation of commercial NF system for feed effluent capacity of 1 m 3 /h is presented.


By investegating the ensurence probability of complex systems, two sorts of stochastic programming are formulated in which there targets are minimum costs and maximum ensurence probability respectively, and the aproximate calculations are also given to these two kinds of problems.


Modern physics experiment teaching is an important part in the whole physics experiment teaching. It includes many fields,such as atomic physics,nuclear physics,optics,microwave,vacuum,techniques of x-ray,etc. There are a lot of experimental instruments,which involve expensive price and complex mechanism in modern physics experiment. It requires students synthetically apply the knowledge of physics,electronics and computer to these experiments. Therefore it plays a significant role in cultivating students' synthetic experiment ability,major craftsmanship,scientific research ability,and so on. The paper introduces the reform and practice in contents,patterns and means of modern physics experiment teaching. We make some effective attempts,and want to explore a new approach to the reform of modern physics experiment teaching.


Multilayer structures of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/-PrBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-y/ were prepared, using pulsed laser deposition, with the a-axis oriented normal to the surface of a variety of


Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes neurological infections with serious sequelae in Europe and Northeast Asia. In China, the major epidemic areas are along the borders with Russia and North Korea. Although several TBEV isolates have been reported, the biological characteristics of the Chinese strains, especially those along the China-North Korea border, are unclear. In this study, we detected seven TBEV fragment sequences in 602 adult Dermacentor silvarum collected in the Changbai Mountain area of Jilin Province on the China-North Korea border and characterized the genome of three TBEV strains (JLCB11-08, JLCB11-35, and JLCB11-40). These three TBEV strains belong to the TBEV-Far Eastern (TBEV-FE) genotype and clustered most closely with the Svetlogorie and Kavalerovo strains from Russia. In addition, the TBEV strains from Northeast China clustered geographically within the TBEV-FE subtype branch. These findings will facilitate further research on the distinct genetic groupings of TBEV strains in China.


Describes the method of medical equipment maintenance personnel performance appraisal in out hospital.It can raise effectively the service quality and service level of medical equipment maintenance personnel,in order that medical equipment maintaining serves better the modern hospital construction.


Vocabulary learning is indispensable in the process of second language (L2) learning and plays a pivotal role in this regard. At the heart of this issue is the homonymous conflict, which is more problematic and very difficult to deal with. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to cast a little bit of light on homonyms instruction in the area of learners' L2 vocabulary development and retention. In this vein, four intact classes of Iran Language Institute (ILI) comprised of 46 young female EFL learners aged from 9-10 years old enrolled in the present study whose English proficiency level was elementary. Signing the Assent form, the participants were given a proficiency test for homogenizing. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The former group favored the explicit, simultaneous and concurrent homonymous set of words instruction; however, the latter one encountered the accidental and incidental homonyms instruction through various texts. The results obtained from vocabulary achievement test indicated that in the vocabulary development phase, both methods appeared to be significantly effective in the short run, but the participants in the experimental group revealed a better performance. Moreover, after administrating the delayed post-test, the analysis elicited that homonyms instruction significantly hindered the vocabulary recovery and retention of the learners just in the Experimental group three weeks later. Hence, the outcome of this piece of study provided various remarkable implications for teachers to reinforce learners' vocabulary repertoire through context, and led to give some insights into homonyms instruction via metalinguistic awareness.


Public debts have surged in recent years, in advanced economies, to the levels that have not been recorded since the end of the World War II. The average public debt/GDP ratio for all advances economies has surpassed the pre-World War II peaks reached during the World War I and subsequently during the Great Depression. This paper attempts to realize both a retrospective of public indebtedness critical moments and an analysis of the current sovereign debt crisis that facing many countries of the world.


Theoretical model has been derived in the electrophoretic separation system where an electric potential is applied to the system in the axial direction. The effect of electrophoretic convection in the polymeric media is significantly contributed to separate large ionic-molecules because the conformation of large ionic-molecule quickly orients in the field direction. The dependence of the transport in the polymeric media upon field intensity and molecular size aids in understanding the transport of large ionic-molecule in the system, since the convective velocity of large ionic-molecule is accelerated inside a porous material. The separation of two different large ionic-molecules is predicted with a value of of individual large ionic-molecule using an operator and the reptation theories.


Seven new bisdesmosidic triterpene saponins, with up to eight monosaccharides, which were given the trivial names contortisiliosides A–G (1–7), were isolated from Enterolobium contortisiliquum. The structures of the new saponins were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses of both intact and acid-hydrolyzed compounds. The isolated saponins were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against BAC1.2F5 mouse macrophages, EL-4 mouse lymphoma cells, and L-929 mouse fibroblasts. Whereas contortisiliosides A (1) and C (3) were moderately cytotoxic to both BAC1.2F5 macrophages and EL-4 cells, and contortisiliosides D–G (4–7) did not show any apparent cytotoxic activities against the three cell lines, contortisilioside B (2) exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against BAC1.2F5 mouse macrophages, with an IC50 value of 3.4 μM. The macrophage death caused by 2 was shown to be neither necrotic nor apoptosis-inducing based on the unique morphological change of the killed cells, whose cytosols were transformed into large vacuoles, and according to the TUNEL assay.


replication mechanism. A mechanism of DNA replication has been proposed by the author.' In this mechanism, hydrogen-bonded base pairs are assumed to drift into the big groove of the DNA molecule side by side with the parent pairs. In the plane of replication (Fig. 1 of ref. 1) two new base pairs are formed by transferring hydrogen bonds from the two old pairs. The two new pairs are then incorporated into the two daugher DNA's by covalent bond formation along the two new chains. The transcription mechanism proposed here is closely related to it. There are two possibilities concerning the physical configuration of the DNA molecule durinig transcription. Either the bases of the two strands separate or they remain bonded. Sinice the base pairing is assumed to provide specificity in biosynthesis, it is natural to assume that the bases of the two strands of DNA separate during transcription so that specificity of hydrogen bonding of the bases will be made available for the synthesis of the messenger RNA. Once we assume the double helix to be opened, the next question is how the two strands separate and how much of the DNA double helix is opened in transcription. The separation of the two strands involves the problem of unwinding, which has been discussed by the author ;2 the theory of unwiniding previously developed may be applied here. According to this theory, unwinding results from the fluctuation of the random Brownian roltation of the two end parts of the linear DNA molecule, thus unravelling the turns in the middle part of DNA. The question of the extent of openiing also occurs in the replicationl problem, and some of the previous considerationrs are also valid here. As in the replicationi process, the nmost naive miechanismn otne may think of is that the two strands of I)NA completely separate before transciription begins. While the complete separat;ion may be achieved by the inechanism of unwinding discussed before,2 the time involved in unwinding may be very long (3 days for E. coli DNA), and the mechanism is too inefficient. It is also inefficient in the sense that in the traniscriptioni of one operon only a small sectioin of the DNA is used, and so it is not necessary to open up the whole DNA molecule. Nevertheless, as in the replication process, this could be the mechanism in the early stages of biological evolution, which was later superseded by more efficient mechanisms developed in the history of evolution. The consideration of the unwinding time forces ns to take the position that if there is aniy separation of the two strarnds of DNA in transcription, it must be limited to a small' section while the rest remains bonded. Assume the DNA to be a linear


(−)-1-Octene-3-ol was isolated from 10 kg of Psalliota campestris by steam distillation followed by conversion to its 4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrobenzoate. After purification by column chromatography on alumina impregnated with silver nitrate 191 mg of pure derivative (= 72 mg free alcohol) were obtained.

The identity of the alcohol was confirmed by chemical methods, gas chromatography, IR and mass spectroscopy. The melting point of its phthalic acid half-ester and its optical rotation showed it to be the (−)-form.

The specific rotation of (−)-1-octene-3-ol in n-heptane depends strongly on the concentration. The measured extreme values were – 20.5° at 70, and – 5.1° at 1 g/100 ml solution.

By means of the melting point of the phthalic acid half-esters it could be confirmed that the 1-octene-3-ol occurring in autoxidised and stored soyabean oil has the racemic configuration. This supports the theory of Stark and Forss who assume a radical mechanism of formation.

A survey is given of the reported occurrence of 1-octene-3-ol.


Abstract : A comprehensive quantum mechanical theory of atomic spectral line shapes is developed within the framework of the Lippmann - Schwinger scattering theory adapted to the tetradic (Liouville) - space representation of density matrices. An expression for the spontaneous electric-dipole rate is derived which has the same general form as the results obtained by Baranger and by Kolb and Griem for overlapping lines. The frequency-dependent relaxation operator which occurs in this expression involves not only the collisional broadening interaction but also the interactions which give rise to autoionization and to both spontaneous and induced radiative transitions. Explicit expressions for the widths are obtained in the isolated-line approximation by evaluating the lowest-order nonvanishing contribution to the diagonal matrix elements of the relaxation operator. The total width is obtained as the sum of the rates for all inelastic transitions from the initial and final states comprising the spectral line and the term involving the square of the difference between the elastic scattering amplitudes. Finally, we present a qualitative discussion on how the partial widths vary with the states comprising the spectral line and with the physical properties of the surrounding particles and radiation field. (Author)


PurposeThe study aims to find out the university students' health information service needs in post-COVID-19 age and then consider how to do the health information services well and promote it in further work.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses Kano model to design a questionnaire about university students' health information service needs from academic library and investigates 243 students from seven universities in China. The data generated were analyzed using a statistical tool and presented in tables.FindingsThe results show the students' different requirements level of health information services from academic library as must-be requirements, one-dimensional requirements, attractive quality attributes and indifferent quality in post-COVID-19 age.Research limitations/implicationsThe questionnaire design and the scale of respondents have limitation, such as only focus on Chinese university, have not characteristically research on different group of students. It could optimize to cover more worldwide university students and refer to different groups of students' needs in further research.Originality/valueThe paper expands and deepens the theory about university library health information service and provides a practical reference and proposes some suggestions for academic libraries on how to carry out health information services and give the social health institutions inspiration on how to promote the health services, especially in post-COVID-19 age.


In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV)-pumping system using Quasi Z-Source Inverter (QZSI) is represented to replace the conventional two stages converters. QZSI has the ability to boost the input voltage due to the possibility of applying a shoot-through (ST) in the inverter. A model-based algorithm called $\pmb{I}_{\pmb{mpp}}=\pmb{f}(\pmb{P}_{\mathbf{\max}})$ is used as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. This algorithm is optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization to provide better system behaviour. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to verify the effectiveness of using the QZSI with the proposed technique in the PV-pumping system. Also, a comparison between perturb and observe (P&O), unoptimized $\pmb{I}_{\pmb{mpp}}= \pmb{f}(\pmb{P}_{\mathbf{max}})$ and optimized $\pmb{I}_{\pmb{mpp}}=\pmb{f}(\pmb{P}_{\mathbf{max}})$ MPPT algorithms is held using the results of the simulations.


Contaminated tattoo ink that was recalled in July may have reached distributors and poses the potential for skin infections and other health problems, the Food and Drug Administration has warned.


TFRC protocol is very suitable for video transmission, while quality assessment is also essential in video transmission system. In this paper a real-time video transmission system based on TFRC protocol is proposed, and an evaluation model about the system is improved in the framework of Evalid. It assesses the quality and efficiency of the video transmission according to the actual video file, and analyzes losses frame in different video types during transmission as well as the picture quality in receiver. The results of simulation experiment in NS-2 show that when real-time video transmitted in complex network environment using this system, the receiver can get satisfactory video quality by reason of the TFRC protocol friendliness and the smoothness of sending rate.


To satisfy the safe and effective sharing of virtual enterprises in heterogeneous domain,a heterogeneous cross-domain authenticated key agreement scheme based on access authorization tickets was proposed.The first-tier trust relationship between Certificate Authority(CA)in PKI domain and Authentication Server(AS)in Kerberos domain by using public key crypto system-based distributed trust model was established.On this basis,the access authorization tickets generated by CA(or AS together with ticket granting service)was distributed to external domain U to access internal domain S,and the second-tier trust relationship between U and S was built by designing two-way cross-domain authenticated key agreement protocol based on symmetry-key system.The security of the new scheme was proved by SVO logic.The analysis showed that the public key cryptographic operations could be entirely avoided for the end users or resources in Kerberos domains,which had better implementation in heterogeneous cross-domain identity authentication process.


The article analyzes the main characteristics of harmonious campus,and discusses the requirements of harmo- nious campus on counselors'quality in universities and colleges.


First described in 1965 by Mali et al., pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma (PKS), also known as acroangiodermatitis, is a rare disease inscribed in the setting of cutaneous reactive angiomatoses (CRAs). CRA are all characterized by occlusion and/or inflammation of cutaneous vessels, followed by histiocyte recruitment and endotheliocyte and pericyte hyperplasia. As the name suggests, PKS nearly resembles Kaposi sarcoma, but is benign in its nature. PKS typically presents with violaceous papules and plaques, usually located on the inferior limbs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To design a remote alarm system based on GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) short message for monitoring the medical oxygen equipment and the engine room so as to realize the remote surveillance and alarm functions through sending text messages via the mobile phone.Methods The single chip microcomputer technology is adopted to analyze and judge signals collected by a variety of sensors and to realize the functions of sending and receiving messages through communication with the GSM module.Results The practice shows that when the oxygen equipment and the engine room encounter failures or unexpected situations,the system can send alarm short messages to a number of staff promptly,reminding them of preparing emergency measures.Conclusion Application of the system can make oxygen generating station unattended,which is of great practical value.


Self‐assembly of peptides and proteins into aggregates with a signature of cross‐β conformation is a hallmark of amyloids. Short peptides have provided important insights in understanding the various interactions that drive self‐assembly as well as the molecular architecture of the self‐assembled structures. The short amyloidogenic‐stretch of β‐amyloid, Aβ16‐22 (Ac‐KLVFFAE‐am), is a good model peptide to study the aspects of β‐amyloid fibril formation. In order to investigate how a turn‐supporting sequence could modulate the interaction of the Ac‐KLVXZAE‐am chains, where X and Z are the aromatic amino acids, Phe, Tyr, or Trp, we investigated the self‐assembly of Ac‐KLVFFAE‐am, Ac‐KLVFYAE‐am, Ac‐KLVYYAE‐am, and Ac‐KLVWWAE‐am separated by turn‐inducing dipeptide motifs, Asn‐Gly, DPro‐Gly, and Aib‐DPro. The peptides harboring β‐turn‐inducing motifs aggregate rapidly causing large enhancements in thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence compared to control, β‐turn motif lacking peptides. The morphology of fibrils strongly depends on the type of β‐turn. Ac‐KLVFYAE‐am repeats separated by Aib‐DPro and DPro‐Gly have the highest aggregation propensity among all the peptides studied; they caused very large enhancement in ThT fluorescence. Ac‐KLVYYAE‐am is largely non‐amyloidogenic; the DPro‐Gly and Aib‐DPro connected repeats, however, resulted in distinct fibrils that bind ThT. The study indicates that β‐turn motifs can be exploited to modulate and control the aggregation propensity of peptides and the morphology of aggregates.


Abstract — Cognitive radio has emerged as one of the most promising candidate solutions to improve spectrum utilization in next generation cellular networks. The main problem is the interference between the primary signal and secondary signal. We need a technique to deal with the problem of spectrum underutilization, which makes the birth of cognitive radio. Energy detection can be used for spectrum sensing in cognitive radios when no prior knowledge about the primary signals is available. And also observing that when probability of false alarm decreased with the time of probability of detection increased. We propose new sensing methods based on the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix of signals received at the secondary users. In particular, two sensing algorithms are suggested, one is based on the ratio of the maximum eigenvalue to minimum eigenvalue; the other is based on the ratio of the average eigenvalue to minimum eigenvalue. We decrease the Probability of False alarm and increase Probability of Detection with 2*2 antenna.


A new measure of quality is proposed for evaluating the performance of available methods of image segmentation and edge detection. The technique is intended for the evaluation of low-error results and features objective assessment of discrepancy with the theoretical edge, in tandem with subjective visual evaluation using the neighbourhood and error-interaction criteria. The proposed mathematical model is extremely simple, even from the perspective of computational execution. Encouraging results were obtained for a selection of test images, especially in relation to other recently-proposed and/or currently employed quality measures.


Technology contracts are the written representation of technology trade. With the continuous increase of technology trade, the standardized management for technology contracts becomes more and more important. This article elaborates the standardized management of technology contracts in respects of contract types, contract writing, attentions for contract signing and possible problems in the coures of contract execution, etc.


Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1), which is composed of 28 amino acids, has been commercialized worldwide for its immune-modulatory and antitumor effects. Tα1 can stimulate T cell proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow stem cells, augment cell-mediated immune responses, and regulate homeostasis of immune system. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to produce Tα1 concatemer (Tα1③) in Escherichia coli and compared its activity with chemically synthesized Tα1. Results showed that Tα1③ can more effectively stimulate T cell proliferation and significantly upregulate IL-2 receptor expression. We concluded that the expression system for Tα1 concatemer was constructed successfully, which could serve as an efficient tool for the production of large quantities of the active protein.


In this work a review of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics formalism combined with the variational method is done. This approach is useful in order to obtain numerical values for the energy eigenvalues from Schrodinger equation. As an example, the energy eigenvalues from the Lennard-Jones (12,6) potential are determined and the results are compared with other ones obtained from different methods.


This chapter considers the role of the people in Carl Schmitt's theorizing on democracy, and invokes the concept of constitutive boundaries as a way of understanding how communities are reproduced by way of territorial borders as well as criteria for membership and cultural markers, e.g. symbols, rituals, and holidays. The chapter suggests that the latter constitute instances of a larger logical space of constitutive exceptions, that, Schmitt implies, reproduce existing orders, but also threaten to replace them with new ones; thus, such exceptions may be surrounded by protective boundaries of the sacred, concretely as well as abstractly. Ultimately, we may visualize an entire topology of the exceptional, which is subject to fierce contestation, since it points to the possibility of new orders beyond existing ones, which may be interpreted in terms of different trajectories of highly ambiguous processes of secularization.


A now minimum-variance type of control law is derived for use in self-tuning control schemes where the plant is non-minimum phase. The controller has some of the features of the minimum-variance controller and is related to the generalized or λ minimum-variance controller which includes control weighting terms. The controller has the advantage that when the control-weighting scalar tends to zero the system is assured of being asymptotically stable. The generalized minimum-variance controller, employed in the self-tuning control law, results in an unstable closed-loop system in this situation. The controller may also be used to stabilize plants which are both unstable and non-minimum phase (the closed-loop system corresponding to the generalized minimum variance controller may be unstable for all values of the weighting scalar in this situation)


The invention discloses a vehicle window automatic closing method and a vehicle window automatic closing device. The vehicle window automatic closing method comprises the following steps: a vehicle receives a vehicle window closing instruction through sent by a mobile terminal wirelessly; and the vehicle judges whether a proximity signal sent by a proximity transducer is received, if a judgment result is no, a vehicle window is automatically closed based on the vehicle window closing instruction, wherein the distance between the mobile terminal and the vehicle is greater than a distance threshold, the proximity transducer is used for sending the proximity signal when a person is in the vehicle. With the adoption of the vehicle window automatic closing method, the effect of closing the vehicle window remotely can be realized.


Turkey is one of the countries affected by the COVID-19 outbreak relatively late with the first positive case reported on March 10, 2020. Following the first incident, COVID-19 cases escalated quickly and dramatically. As of December 10, 2020, Turkey's number of new cases was 30.424, which is fourth amongst all the countries, following highly populated countries like the USA, Brazil and India. Additionally, the total number of cases in Turkey since the beginning of the pandemic has reached 1.748.567 with a death toll of 15.751 (Turkish Ministry of Health, 2020 [1]). Turkish Ministry of Health was quick in its response to the pandemic. Only a week after the first incident, the schools and universities were suspended. The restaurants, cafes, museums, shopping malls, hairdressers, nightclubs and wedding halls were temporarily closed. Wearing a mask in public places has become mandatory. Additionally, flexible working hours and shifts were adopted. Although a total lock down was never applied because of economical reasons, curfews during the weekends and holidays have become the standard. In addition to these policies, a unique age selected curfew was adopted. Turkey is a relatively young country, with a population of 25.5 million children and adolescents while only 7.5 million people are over 65 (Turkish Statistical Institute, 2020 [2]). Turkey decided to and applied a strict curfew for these two age groups; elderly people aged over 65 as they have higher morbidity risk and youngsters aged under 20 as they have a higher chance of spreading the virus without showing any symptoms. Additionally, the youngsters and the elderly are mostly out of the work force, therefore their curfew has not affected the economy. Although in theory it is a very bright idea to lockdown 40% of the population, the isolation of these two age groups actually requires a special attention. Geriatricians recommend regular social and physical activity for cognitive and emotional well being of the elderly (Soysal, Aydin, & Isik, 2020 [3]). Curfew interrupted their physical and social activities and has the potential of affecting them negatively both psychologically and physically in the long run. On the other hand, COVID-19 changed daily lives of adolescents drastically all over the world. A comparative study between Turkish and Danish adolescents' feelings indicated that Turkish adolescents were significantly more concerned about their future with it getting worse with the pandemic (61,4% vs


Antibiotic resistance among bacteria causing common infections is increasing in all regions of the world. It is interesting that pattern of resistance observed varies from hospital to community, large hospital to small hospital, state to state, and even vary from country to country. Emergence of resistance to antibiotics illustrates importance of using evidence-based strategies for treatment. In urinary tract infection (UTI) cases, antibiotic treatment is often started empirically before the results of urine culture and susceptibility testing are available. Hence, it becomes important to regularly monitor the resistance or susceptibility patterns of uropathogens, so that the guidelines for empirical therapy can be improved to include antibiotics with low resistance, aiding clinicians in proper management of UTIs with minimal therapeutic failures. ABSTRACT


Trafficking crime is extraordinary crime (extra-ordinary crime) derived from a compilation of socio-economic problems that developed in the community. Trafficking in law enforcement approach should be re improvement of the legal culture law enforcement officers of character positivism towards developing a mindset renewal based on the desire to find justice substantive crime prevention and enforcement trafficking. This study aimed to the general objective of this research is to find and evaluate the problems of law enforcement in dealing with human trafficking crime that has been done so far tend not optimal to find the factors that inhibit the ideal pattern of development and seek legal culture of law enforcement officers. The results of this study indicate that the handling offense by law enforcement officers is not optimal and need renewal paradigm of law enforcement officers when dealing with trafficking cases.


SUMMARY Commercial hematoporphyrin (Hp) and the tumor-localizing and photosensitizing agent hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) were analysed by means of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, their efficiencies in sensitizing the photoinactivation of human cells in vitro were compared. The comparison showed that the least polar components of Hpd played the major role in this sensitization. In Hpd solutions used for injection in photochemotherapeutic treatment of cancer, these active components seem to be present as aggregates.


In this paper, a two-stage frequency control consisting of primary and secondary frequency control is proposed. Lithium type battery with the overloading capability to fast charge and discharge, is used for primary frequency control. The modified overloading characteristics is presented for optimal battery sizing and also to avoid damaging the battery during fast charge/discharge. By amplification the frequency controller of battery energy storage system, it can inject/absorb more power at a higher rate which results in less frequency deviation. In this paper, this technique is used with the proposed frequency control to inject/absorb as much power as required to maintain frequency deviation within safe limits that on this basis, the optimal size of battery is determined. In this regard, two case studies with the most shortage and surplus of power generation as the result of the unplanned islanding are considered. The slow micro-sources like diesel generator are used for secondary frequency control to restore frequency to its nominal value. In order to validate the performance of the proposed strategy, simulation studies are carried out on the modified CIGRE low voltage benchmark system by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software that the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


(1) Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York, United States (email@example.com), (2) State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Nanjing 210008, China, (3) Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH United Kingdom, (4) Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, NY 12180, United States


This paper is an exploration of the place of faith in management learning. The popular myth that faith is merely a retreat from reality is tempered with the argument that faith can sometimes be an effective means of engaging with the risks and politics of managerial activity in a manner that may promote learning. Such faith is based on enduring values, commitment, and a willingness to engage in a struggle for power. In conclusion it is suggested that the link between faith and learning may be significant but is far from straightforward.


From 1 July 2005 the Coalition will control both houses of parliament and will argue that it has a mandate for changes on a range of policy issues. Two writers explore the following questions: Does a mandate exist and when? How can we meaningfully define a mandate for a government to act?


BACKGROUND: Endovascular coiling of cerebral aneurysms (CA) has been showing exponential growth over the last decades. Currently, aneurysmal coiling, either assisted or alone, constitutes the vast majority of all endovascular treatment (EVT) modalities for CA treatment. OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to assess the clinical and angiographic outcomes and their predictors as well as aneurysm characteristics for patients with CA after endovascular coil embolization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with CA who have been treated with endovascular coiling were recruited from two centers and had their medical records retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Clinical outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 6 months and 1 year after coiling, while Raymond scale was used for angiographic outcome assessment. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients (harboring 38 CA) were included in this study. Ruptured aneurysms constituted 60.53 % of all aneurysms. Seventy-four percent of ruptured CA were having a size of < 7 mm, while 83.3% of aneurysms < 5 mm were found ruptured with a trend of smaller-sized aneurysms to rupture. Simple coiling was utilized in 39.47 % of cases. Aspect ratio >1.6 was associated with ruptured status (p-value = 0.006). Among ruptured aneurysms, 11 out of 23 ended up requiring retreatment (p-value = 0.028). Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 65.8 % and 68.4 % of the patients at 6 months and 1-year post coiling, respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial incomplete aneurysm occlusion and ruptured status were predictors of recurrence and retreatment. Aneurysm size and aspect ratio have a significant association with aneurysm rupture. The majority of ruptured CA were small ones.


Three kinds of tomatoes varieties was conducted to investigate effects of tomato nutritional traits,including relative growth rate,specific leaf area,leaf dry mass content,plant height and root mass per unit leaf area,on its fruit yields by a pot experiment.The results of this study showed that three kinds of tomatoes significantly differed in their measured nutritional traits.General linear correlation analysis indicated that fruit yields was significantly correlated with relative growth rate and specific leaf area,respectively,but not correlated with plant height,and negatively correlated with leaf dry mass content and root mass per unit leaf area.The stepwise multiple regression further analysis showed that the fruit yields was only positively correlated with relative growth rate and specific leaf area.This study suggested that it was better to consider multiple growth characteristics for determining the relationship between tomato functional traits and fruit yields.


The objective of this study was to determine the arterial responses to plasma lipid lowering alone or in combination with (1) estrogen replacement therapy or (2) hormone replacement therapy in surgically postmenopausal female monkeys with preexisting atherosclerosis. Eighty-eight female cynomolgus macaques were ovariectomized, fed an atherogenic diet for 24 months, and then assigned by randomized stratification into 4 groups. One group (baseline, n520) was necropsied at the end of the atherogenic diet period; the remaining 3 groups were fed a plasma lipid–lowering diet (regression) for 30 months. These regression groups were control (diet only), CEE (receiving conjugated equine estrogens alone), and CEE 1MPA (receiving CEE and continuous medroxyprogesterone acetate). A previous report described coronary artery functional and histological results; the present report describes biochemical and histological results from the abdominal aorta. Aortic plaque size was not different between groups, similar to previous findings in the coronary arteries. Aortic cholesterol content (milligrams per gram lipid-free dry weight) was lower in the regression groups compared with baseline, both for free cholesterol (mean, control 519.1, CEE515.7, CEE1MPA514.4, and baseline 532.7; P,0.001) and for esterified cholesterol (mean, control 518.9, CEE515.4, CEE1MPA514.2, and baseline558.7; P,0.001). This cholesterol efflux could lead to increased plaque stability without changing the physical size of the lesion. Alterations in aortic connective tissue composition were observed in the regression groups. When expressed as a percentage of the lipid-free tissue weight, the aortic elastin content of the control (mean514.9) and the CEE1MPA (mean514.0) groups was lower than that of the baseline group (mean519.0), which was not different from that of the CEE group (mean 515.8). Aortic collagen content, as estimated by hydroxyproline content per milligram of lipid-free tissue, was higher in the control group (mean 567.4) and the CEE1MPA group (mean566.1) than in the baseline group (mean 556.2;P,0.05). Collagen content of the CEE group (mean558.9) was not different from that of the baseline group. When the regression groups were considered separately, the aortic collagen content of the CEE group was lower than that of the control group ( P,0.05) and tended to be lower than that of the CEE 1MPA group (P50.10), suggesting that CEE therapy (but not CEE 1MPA) inhibits potentially detrimental connective tissue alterations that accompany lesion regression. These results have implications for combinations of lipid-lowering and hormone replacement therapies in relation to vascular remodeling and abdominal aortic aneurysm development. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 1998;18:1164-1171.)


Optimal conditions for preparation of starch/PVA blends were investigated with the consideration of factors that may influence mechanical properties of the blends. experimental designs based on Taguchi method were performed and then tensile strength, strain at break, Young's modulus and tear strength of films of the blends were measured to determine the optimal conditions for preparation. Interaction effects for each factor were determined from analysis of variables. Results of experiments indicated that glycerol and urea were important process factors affecting optimization of the mechanical properties.


Morck et al. (2000) argue that lack of private property protection discourages informed traders from capitalizing on firm private information which incorporates more market risk in stock returns. This paper extends Morck et al. (2000) investigations and suggests alternatively that firm corporate transparency namely frequent reporting motivates private information flow into stock prices. It also suggests that private property protection is associated with less market risk noise and not more firm-specific information. These results are consistent with Jin and Myers (2006) who suggest that insiders in opaque firms are reluctant to release firm information during normal and momentum earnings leading to more systematic risk in share prices. The findings suggest that firm timely reporting convey relevant expected cash flow information that motivates risk arbitrageurs to trade on firm private information and incorporate more firm-specific information into stock returns.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor memory device comprising EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) cells is provided to have a page buffer of a bidirectional latch structure, and to prevent under-program and to control a threshold voltage of a memory cell automatically. CONSTITUTION: A flash memory device includes: at least one string including a plurality of memory cells serially connected to each of them which comprises electrically erasable and programmable transistors which have a floating gate and a control gate and accumulate charges into the floating gate or emit the accumulated charges; a bit line connected to the string; a data line corresponding to the bit line; the first latch unit(110) retaining external data until the program of a memory cell corresponding to the data is completed by receiving the data through the data line; and the second latch unit(120) to latch data corresponding to the result of a verification operation to verify the state of the selected memory cell according to the program operation to the data line.


To assess the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in reducing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss among patients with Meniere's disease (MD).The following databases were utilized in this scoping review: Ovid Medline, PubMed‐NCBI, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov.Studies were identified through the following search phrases: "serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors" OR "tricyclic antidepressants" AND "Meniere's disease." References from included manuscripts were examined for possible inclusion of additional studies.The literature search yielded 23 results, which were screened by three independent reviewers. Seventeen studies and three duplicates were excluded. An examination of references from the included studies yielded two additional publications. A total of four published studies assessing SSRIs and TCAs among 147 patients with MD were ultimately included. Four studies described significant reductions in vertigo attack frequency among patients treated with either SSRIs or TCAs compared to their pretreatment baseline. Three studies assessed the drugs' effects on hearing, of which none found a significant difference among patients treated with SSRIs or TCAs. One study found a significant decrease in patient‐reported tinnitus following treatment with TCAs or SSRIs compared to their pretreatment baseline.Data exploring SSRIs and TCAs among patients with MD suggests that these medications may reduce the frequency of tinnitus and vertigo, although there was significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting. There remains a need for larger‐scale prospective studies that emphasize objective data to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing common MD symptoms.


1. Persić-Vojinović S, Milavec-Puretić V, Dobrić I, Rados J, Spoljar S. Disseminated Hailey-Hailey disease treated with topical tacrolimus and oral erythromycin: Case report and review of the literature. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2006;14:253-7. 2. Freiman A, Hakim MD, Billick RC. Hailey-Hailey Disease (Benign Familial Pemphigus): Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy. Mcgill J Med 2002;6:100-3. 3. Mayuzumi N, Ikeda S, Kawada H, Ogawa H. Effects of drugs and anticytokine antibodies on expression of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:920-4. 4. Sand C, Thomsen HK. Topical Tacrolimus Ointment Is an Effective Therapy for Hailey-Hailey Disease. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:1401-2. 5. Laffitte E, Panizzon RG. Is Topical Tacrolimus Really an Effective Therapy for Hailey-Hailey Disease? Arch Dermatol 2004;140:1282.


A variety is a class of Banach algebras V, for which there exists a family of laws {IIPII ? Kp}p such that V is precisely the class of all Banach algebras A which satisfies all of the laws (i.e. for all P, IJPIIA 0 such that for all homogeneous polynomials P. IIPIIA < Ki . Kp, where i = deg(P). However, there is no variety between the variety of all IQ-algebras and the variety of all IR-algebras, which can be defined by homogeneous laws alone. So the theory of semivarieties and the theory of varieties differ significantly. In this paper we shall construct uncountable chains and antichains of semivarieties which are not varieties.


Rural practical personnel refer to people who with professional skills, in rural areas, can play a leading role model of rural workers and make contributions to social development and the region.. With China's new socialist rural construction progresses, to accelerate the practical training in rural areas has become an urgent task. This paper focuses on analyzing affecting factors and raises corresponding countermeasures based on investigation about Practical training in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province.


Tolerancing is one of the most important tools for planning, controlling, and improving quality in the industry. Tolerancing conducted by design engineers to meet customers' needs is a prerequisite for producing high-quality products. Engineers use handbooks to conduct tolerancing. While use of statistical methods for tolerancing is not a new concept, engineers often use known distributions, including the normal distribution. However, if the statistical distribution of the given variable is unknown, a new statistical method will be employed to design tolerance. Therefore, in this study we want to offer a proper statistical method for determining tolerance. The use of statistical methods to design tolerance is not a new concept; however, flexible use of statistical distributions can enhance its performance. In this regard, Weibull distribution is proposed. To illustrate the proposed method first technical characteristics of production parts were selected randomly, and then manufacturing parameters were determined using maximum likelihood method.  Finally, the Goodness of Fit test was used to ensure the accuracy of the obtained results.


Basement granitoids exposed around Palnad sub-basin exhibit metaluminous, calc-alkaline nature and belong to adamellite– granodiorite–tonalite suite. They show wide variation in FeOt, CaO, TiO2 and P2O5 contentswith an overall predominance of sodium over potassium. Besides, predominance of LREE over HREE, fractionation among LREE and strong negative Eu anomalies point towards evolved nature of granitoids. In Zr+Nb vs. Rb plot, they fall in VAG field while R1–R2 diagram exhibits their development in late orogenic–post collisional geotectonic environment in active continental margin setup. A radioactive granite phase could also be distinguished exhibiting potash rich and peraluminous nature with higher degree of differentiation, high Rb/Sr and U/Th ratios. Positive correlation of U with K and Rb suggest that uranium is concentrated in the potash-rich phases. These basement granitoids have indicated comparable Rb–Sr (2659±120 Ma) and Pb–Pb (2638±94 Ma) isochron ages probably indicating the time of their emplacements while the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7012 suggests depleted upper mantle source. However, the radioactive granite sample has shown Pb–Pb age of ca. 1545±140 Ma with model μ1=8.3±1.4 and MSWD= 55. This younger Pb–Pb age with high MSWD value is presumably due to the local redistribution of U and Pb and is indicative of a younger reactivation event in the study area.


Abstract : The principal task of this program was to develop a better understanding of: (1) the mechanisms of the growth of passive films on metal surfaces, (2) the role of space charge in determining the properties of the film, and (3) passivity breakdown phenomena. Experimental data for the ac impedance and passivity breakdown properties of passive films on nickel are presented in Sections 2 and 3. Also a theoretical development of the point defect model is presented in Section 4. A comparison between the theoretical and experimental data for the growth of passive films on nickel and iron is included. In addition, the role of minor alloying elements (such as molybdenum) on pitting and passivity breakdown is considered theoretically, and the model is compared with experimental data for 18% Cr ferritic stainless steel. The results of this study indicate that the point defect model although at present in a crude state of development, is a reasonable first-approximation theory for explaining some of the basic phenomna related to the growth and breakdown of anodic passive films on metal surfaces. On the basis of data developed in this program it is recommended that further experiments be conducted to further refine the model. Keywords: Pitting potentials, Passivity, Single crystal nickel, Polycrystalline nickel, Point defect model, and Space-charge.


Background: Protein-bound uremic toxins are associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated their association with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 86 Taiwanese patients undergoing CHD. The predictors were indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate concentrations, with each analyzed as three tertiles. Outcomes were cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Results: During a 25-month follow up period, there were 23 cardiovascular events and seven all-cause mortality events. In the crude survival analysis, the second indoxyl sulfate tertile was shown to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events compared with the third tertile (hazard ratio (HR), 3.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–8.94), and the first tertile was shown to have a poor but insignificant cardiovascular outcome (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.30–4.00). Moreover, the predictive power of the second indoxyl sulfate tertile for cardiovascular events remained after adjustment for confounders (HR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.67–17.60). Conclusions: An inverse U-curve relationship was observed between the total serum indoxyl sulfate level and cardiovascular events in our CHD patients. A large-scale study is needed to confirm this relationship.


In this work, studied electrical conductivity(s) and annealing of radiation defects in crystals of n-InP are irradiated by electrons energy of 6 MeV and doses of 10 17 el/cm 2 (centimeter) and 2 × 10 17 el/cm 2 (centimeter). It is shown that alongside point defects (in the form of complexes with impurity atoms in crystals of n-InP) also form the complex defects of the type of disordered areas, annealing of which proceeds at T > 300˚C that binds accumulating radiation defects.


The reaction /sup 12/C(p,p..cap alpha..)/sup 8/Be is studied at large momentum transfer in the approximation of quasifree interaction of the incident proton with a virtual cluster, the internal state of which ..cap alpha..' in general differs from a free ..cap alpha..-particle state. Three Feynman diagrams (heavy stripping, single pN scattering, and a triangle diagram with the virtual process pt ..-->.. ..cap alpha pi..) are used to describe the quasifree process p+ ..-->.. p+..cap alpha... It is shown that the contribution from the ..cap alpha..'not =..cap alpha.. transitions is very sensitive to the quasifree interaction mechanism and can considerably change the reaction characteristics in comparison with the normally used approximation ..cap alpha..' = ..cap alpha...


: The effect of biochar on soil structure and aggregate stability is controversial in the literature. To explore 15 the effect of biochar on soil aggregates, a long-term field experiment (5 years) was conducted in the Brown Earth 16 soil of Northeastern China involving three treatments: control (annual application of 120 kg N ha -1 , 60 kg P 2 O 5 ha - 17 1 , and 60 kg K 2 O ha -1 ), biochar (control plus annual application of 2.625 t ha -1 maize stover biochar), and stover 18 (control plus annual application of 7.5 t ha -1 maize stover). We determined the aggregate size distribution (>2000 19 μm, 250-2000 μm, 53-250 μm, <53 μm), and organic carbon (OC) and organo-mineral complex contents both in 20 the bulk soil and within the soil aggregates in the plow layer (0-20 cm). The biochar and stover applications 21 decreased soil bulk and particle densities significantly (P<0.05), and increased soil total porosity. Both the 22 amendments significantly (P<0.05) increased the total OC, heavy fraction OC and organo-mineral complex 23 quantities in the bulk soil as well as in all the studied aggregate fractions. Biochar and stover applications promoted 24 the formation of small macroaggregates. A greater amount of organic matter was contained in macroaggregates, 25 leading to the formation of more organo-mineral complexes, and the soil aggregate stability thus improved. 26 Compared to stover application, biochar had lower carbon input, but it had a stronger effect on the organo-mineral 27 complexes in different soil aggregate fractions by a unit carbon applied. Therefore, biochar application proved 28 more useful than stover in improving the soil structure in this study.


text for my painting "Togetherness" 2003 in John Moores 23 exhibition catalogue. This painting was purchased by Southampton City Art Gallery for their Collection.


Merchant ships vary considerably in size, type, general design and function. Some specific type of ships (Ro-Ro passenger/vehicle/train ferries) requires much more stringent regulations for construction, maintenance and safety than those for other. By law, a vessel in all loading conditions must satisfy damage stability requirements led in "The international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974" – (SOLAS). The damage stability criteria has been modified in 1990, with additional, simplified stability information for the master. The paper concerns a selected aspects of damage stability requirements for Ro-Ro/passenger ships. This type of ships is characterized by flat vehicle decks which are practically open, un-subdivided, and additional passenger accommodation space. The ramp is fitted astern and in some cases in fore or side of the ship, giving access to cars, trucks and trailers, or specific trains which remain on board in their laden state. The dramatic loss of the Ro-Ro passenger ships: M/F "Herald of Free Enterprise" in 1987, and M/F "Estonia" in 1994, respectively, has resulted in international regulation requiring, amongst other things, strengthening the damage stability requirements for this type of ships. The more stringent damage stability criteria has been adopted on a regional basis by northern European countries (STOCKHOLM Agreement, 1996).


11579 Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. Although its incidence reveals a trend toward incline, mortality associated with breast cancer is gradually decreasing. In the present study, epidemiological features of cases of breast cancer, which had been followed up regularly between years 1996 and 2006, were assessed retrospectively. Methods: A total of 622 patients with the diagnosis of breast cancer, which had been followed up in our clinic at regular intervals between years 1996 and 2006, were evaluated in terms of their demographic features, stages and prognostic features. Results: Median age was 53 (25–92). There were 277 cases at the age ≤ 50, and 345 cases were older than 50. Most of the cases were postmenopausal (n:459, 73.7%), and tumor was localized in the upper lateral quadrant in 505 cases (81.2%). Median follow-up time was 31.2 months (1–249.4). Median age at menarche and first pregnancy were 13 years (12–16) and 20 years (15–40), respectively. Median number of p...


In the present paper the authors study the possibility of conducting vinyl chloride suspension polymerization at constant rate using a temperature program, as well as some physical and morphological characteristics of the obtained polymer. The elaboration of the temperature program necessary for conducting vinyl chloride suspension polymerization with constant rate was realized by two different means: empirical, on the basis of experimental data, and theoretical, on the basis of a mathematical model, which describes the kinetics of suspension radical vinyl chloride polymerization. In performing the polymerization with constant rate, the design of caloric exchange surfaces becomes much easier, an optimal using of the reaction space being in the same time ensured during the whole time of the process. The interpretation of experimental data permits us to affirm that by polymerization with constant rate can be obtained a poly(vinyl chloride) similar to the polymer with the same average molecular weight synthesized at a constant temperature with slightly weaker volumetric properties but some better thermal stability.


Mobile edge computing (MEC) is a cloud server running at the edge of a mobile network, which can effectively reduce network communication delay. However, due to the numerous edge servers and devices in the MEC, there may be multiple servers and devices that can provide services to the same user simultaneously. This paper proposes a userside adaptive user service deployment algorithm ASD (Adaptive Service Deployment) based on reinforcement learning algorithms. Without relying on complex system information, it can master only a few tasks and users. In the case of attributes, perform effective service deployment decisions, analyze and redefine the key parameters of existing algorithms, and dynamically adjust strategies according to task types and available node types to optimize user experience delay. Experiments show that the ASD algorithm can implement user-side decision-making for service deployment. While effectively improving parameter settings in the traditional Multi-Armed Bandit algorithm, it can reduce user-perceived delay and enhance service quality compared with other strategies.


We consider faithfully combining phase retrieval with classical compressed sensing. Inspired by the recent novel formulation for phase retrieval called PhaseMax, we present and analyze SparsePhaseMax, a linear program for phaseless compressed sensing in the natural parameter space. We establish that when provided with an initialization that correlates with an arbitrary $k$-sparse $n$-vector, SparsePhaseMax recovers this vector up to global sign with high probability from $O(k \log \frac{n}{k})$ magnitude measurements against i.i.d. Gaussian random vectors. Our proof of this fact exploits a curious newfound connection between phaseless and 1-bit compressed sensing. This is the first result to establish bootstrapped compressed sensing from phaseless Gaussian measurements under optimal sample complexity.


Portal cranes are widely used in various ports for transhipment operations. However, today in the river and sea ports of Ukraine, more than 88% of cranes have fulfilled the standard service life and continue to be operated. Since portal cranes are the main link in the technological process, therefore, the productivity of Port lines depends on their reliable and trouble-free operation. The analysis of statistical data shows that the processing and long-term operation of portal cranes in the mode of intense cyclic loading leads to the formation of fatigue defects and the subsequent failure of their components and accidents [1-9]. Therefore, ensuring safe and reliable operation is one of the main tasks in the design, modernization and operation of cranes. The analysis of works] showed that the reliability of portal crane mechanisms that have been soldered for more than 35 years in sea and river ports has not been sufficiently studied. For research, 24 identical Ganz cranes with a lifting capacity of 16 tons were selected, which operate in clamshell mode in sea and river ports. The analysis uses information contained in the respective maintenance and repair logs of the respective cranes from 2008 to 2021. Data analysis shows that the greatest number of failures is observed in the mechanisms of movement, lifting, changing the boom departure and metal structures of cranes. It should be noted that up to 75% of all time is spent on restoring the operation of reducers. The reasons for the failure of movement mechanisms are: wear of gears and shafts of gearboxes, destruction and wear of bearings in gearboxes, cracks in gearbox housings. The failures of the mechanisms for changing the reach of the boom are caused by wear of the teeth of the racks and gears, bearings and gear housings of the mechanism.


Introduction : Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in the world with
steadily increasing number over the years. Basic Life Support has been proven to
lower the risks of tissue damage and further complication after cardiac arrest happen.
But in several study shows that BLS skill are lack in some doctors and nurses.
Therefore, the purpose of this study is knowing how's the retention in medical student
before they become a doctor.
Methods : This descriptive study uses cross sectional design which subjects are
students at faculty of medicine Airlangga University who have trained and completed
their study of Basic Life Support. Fifty two subject were asked to practice their BLS
techniques then be scored based on the checklist that had been prepared before. The
checklist are modified from AHA's Basic Life Support skill checklist.
Results : Based on the data, the percentage of students who did the retest correctly:
check for responsiveness by shouting 92.31% students, check for responsiveness by
tapping 69.23% students, call for help 44.23% students, check for airway 48.08%
students, check for breathing 46.15% students, hand placement 100% students,
compression rate 78.85% students, compression ratio 75% students, position 94.23%
students, compression depth 78.85% students. The knowledge about the conditions
which can stop BLS is known by 67.31% students.
Conclusion : One years post training and test, 26.92% student can complete all the
steps in basic life support skill. the result of re-test is under 50% in call for help,
airway check, and breathing check. Meanwhile, many aspect in circulation point
shows a higher result,all above 75%.


This paper studies properties of a continuum with structure. The characteristic size of the structure governs the fact that difference relations do not automatically transform into differential ones. It is impossible to consider an infinitesimal volume of a body, to which we could apply the major conservation laws, because the minimal representative volume of the body must contain at least a few elementary microstructures. The corresponding equations of motions are the equations of infinite order, solutions of which include, along with sound waves, the unusual waves propagating with abnormal low velocities, not bounded below. It is shown that in such media weak perturbations can increase or decrease outside the limits. The number of complex roots of the corresponding dispersion equation, which can be interpreted as the number of unstable solutions, depends on the specific surface of cracks and is an almost linear dependence on a logarithmic scale, as in the seismological law of Gutenberg-Richter. If the distance between one pore (crack) to another one is the random value with some distribution, we must write another dispersion equation and examine different scenarios depending on statistical characteristics of the random distribution. In this case, there are sufficient deviations from Gutenberg-Richter law, and this theoretical result corresponds to some field and laboratory observations.


In this manuscript, a multiple criteria decision-making approach adapted for collaborative decision-making and negotiation, based on the use of the adapted Weighted Sum and SWARA methods, is proposed. Contrary to the commonly used approaches, in this approach, every decision-maker involved in evaluation useshis/her own weights of criteria and determines the ranking order of the evaluated alternatives. Therefore, the final selection of the most appropriate alternative is made on the basis of negotiation in this approach. Finally, at the end of the paper, an empirical illustration is presented in order to highlight the proposed approach. The obtained results confirm the usability and efficiency of the proposed approach.


The article shows that, in addition to direct losses due to death or injury that soldiers experience in the area of combat, the threat of non- combat losses as a result of post-stress psychological trauma becomes ever greater. Because of its concealment, post-traumatic stress disorder becomes even more dangerous. If timely psychological help was not provided, then various forms of destructive behavior arise among the consequences of post-traumatic disorders of a person who continues to be in risky stressful conditions of combat. The increase in the non-military losses of soldiers in the area of the anti-terrorist operation necessitates the reformation of the conceptual foundations of the socio-psychological support of military service. Such reformation should become a priority direction for improving the combat capability of the Ukrainian Army in general, and especially in the ATO zone. Establishing an effective system of socio-psychological support will provide an opportunity to intensify the internal resource of soldiers, ensuring their adaptability, stress resistance, professional reliability, endurance and psychological immunity.


In the context of heightened enforcement, hundreds of thousands of immigrants have returned to their countries of birth by force, and others have left by (constrained) choice. Drawing on interviews with 1.5-generation return migrants in Mexico, this article examines how young adults navigate incorporation in various states and localities on both sides of the border. After facing barriers in the US because of unauthorized immigration status, return migrants continue to face challenges in Mexico due to social stigmas associated with immigrant populations and bureaucratic obstacles that block access to educational institutions and labor market opportunities. The data suggest that exclusionary immigration laws have enduring and transnational impacts over the experiences of both "voluntary" return migrants and deportees.


Abstract:This report shares the results of the Mapping the Terrain annual study which focuses on the attitudes of youths and adults around them regarding values as they relate to growth and development. The interest in values comes from the approach that as youths grow and life conditions change, so do values, and new ones are adopted as a result of people's interactions with each other and their environments. More than 25,000 participants from 14 countries were approached through local coordinators and surveyed on four main values: empathy, forgiveness, moral reasoning, and community mindedness. The results show promise on the importance of the human development approach and universal Islamic values in education in Muslim societies.


The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of feeding lactating goats with flaxseed on the physicochemical, sensory properties, yield, texture and fatty acids profile of Domiati cheese. Goat's milk resulted from goat feed different flaxseed levels (0, 7 and 14%) were used in the preparation of goat's Domiati cheese which was stored at 4±1oC for 60 days. Results showed that supplementing flaxseed at level 7and 14% had significantly (P < 0.05) increased cheese protein, total solids and lactose, while no effect was observed on cheese fat. Cheese yield was significantly increased (P < 0.5) for cheese supplemented with 7 and 14%flaxseed than control cheese. Results also, showed in significant differences (P<0.05) on short(SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) .While a significant increase of mono -unsaturated (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in cheese fat were observed. Moreover, concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and linolenic acid (C18:3) in cheese fat were increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the increase of flaxseed level. The concentration of CLA and C18:3 in cheese with7 and 14 % flaxseed concentrates significant (P < 0.05) increased. It was concluded that feeding flaxseed to lactating goats improved fatty acids profile in cheese as well as cheese yield. The texture profile parameters were significant (P < 0.05) decreased. Sensory properties scores were increased during storage period. Generally, resultant goat's Domiati cheese supplemented with 7 and 14% flaxseed were considered highly acceptable and it has many health benefits than the control cheese.


The central purpose of this essay is to analyze the important variables of the inflation for the central bank's monetary decision. Having in mind the importance of forward looking reaction of the monetary authorities in an inflation targeting regime, we study some short term inflation forecast models in order to find out which one has the most accurate prediction. In order to understand the brazilian inflacionary dinamics in these last years since the introduction of the inflation targeting regime, we analyse the dinamics of the inflation inercia and the passthrough.


Heat exchangers for air conditioning applications are often of the fin and tube type. By choosing special fin geometries, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger can be enhanced. One of the recently proposed fin geometries for round tubes is the combination of louvers with a delta winglet vortex generator (VG). Several parameters impact the performance of this design, such as the louver angle and the angle of attack of the vortex generator. The fin geometry can be optimized by performing numerical simulations for different values of these parameters. In this work steady state computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed for a fixed inlet frontal velocity. Many authors use design of experiments techniques to evaluate the performance with a small amount of simulations. However, this often results in the assumption that many interaction effects between the parameters are negligible. In this work, a full factorial analysis has been done which is able to resolve all interactions between all parameters. It is shown that there are important interactions between the height of the VG, the aspect ratio of the VG and the louver angle. Taking these interactions into account, the optimal values of the parameters are determined with the objective of maximizing the heat transfer coefficient.


Background. The objectives of this study were to evaluate incidence and to identify the risk factors of occurrence and the predictive factors of symptomatic forms of nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) after liver transplantation (LT). Methods. To identify risk factors of NRH following LT, we included 1648 patients transplanted from 2004 to 2018 and compared the patients developing NRH after LT to those who did not. To identify predictive factors of symptomatic NRH, we selected 115 biopsies displaying NRH and compared symptomatic to asymptomatic forms. Symptomatic NRH was defined as the presence of ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, portal thrombosis, retransplantation, or death related to NRH. Results. The incidence of NRH following LT was 5.1%. In multivariate analysis, the independent factor of developing NRH after LT was the donor's age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02; confidence interval, 1.01-1.03; P = 0.02). Symptomatic forms occurred in 29 (25.2%) patients: 19 (16.5%) patients presented with ascites, 13 (11.3%) with esophageal varices, 4 (3.5%) with hepatic encephalopathy, and 8 (7%) with portal thrombosis. The median period before the onset of symptoms was 8.4 (1.5–11.3) y after LT. The spleen size at diagnosis/before LT ratio (OR = 12.5; 114.17-1.37; P = 0.0252) and thrombectomy during transplantation (OR = 11.17; 1.48-84.11; P = 0.0192) were associated with symptomatic NRH in multivariate analysis. Conclusions. NRH following LT is frequent (5.1%) and leads to symptomatic portal hypertension in 25.2% of patients. Using older grafts increases the risk of developing NRH after LT. Clinicians should screen for signs of portal hypertension, particularly in measuring spleen size.


The mastitis is the main causes, which determine great losses in quantity and quality of milk, because a great part of production can't use in human nutrition. Thus, the mastitis increases the expenses in farms with the medical treatment and the slaughter of dairy cattle before to finish the economic cycle. The analysis of somatic cell count (SCC) allows the diagnosis of mastitis into incipient stage.


Over the last few years, the T200 Thruster has become the most popular thruster in the world, propelling thousands of marine vehicles. Their reliability in fresh and seawater, power, compactness, and affordability have made the thruster widely adopted amongst researchers, scientists, and businesses [1]. Given the popularity of the relatively new thrusters, a more complete understanding has large implications for future research and commercial marine robotics applications. Blue Robotics has collected and published data for the thrust force, power consumption, and efficiency for the T200 in bollard conditions. Bollard conditions describe a propeller that is operating at zero advance speed and the only flow over the propeller is that induced by its own rotation [2]. Understanding the propeller performance in bollard conditions is beneficial as it provides insight into vehicles in low-speed conditions where total motor torque and pulling power are maximized. The first portion of this experiment was to validate Blue Robotics' published bollard test data by testing the T200 Thruster. The thruster was attached to a stationary 6-degree of freedom (DoF) load cell and set to incremental rotational motor speeds to collect data on the force output as a function of rotational speed. An ammeter and voltmeter were connected to the system to collect current and voltage values to calculate electrical input power. The thrust force divided by the electrical input power was used to find an effective bollard efficiency of the thruster as a function of motor rotational speed. After collecting this data, we compared our results to the data published by Blue Robotics. Measuring the thrust force and efficiency in bollard conditions was the basis for the second portion of the experiment, collecting data for a complete propeller performance curve. Blue Robotics does not currently have the testing facilities required to create this curve, but the marine robotics community has expressed interest in the data since the thruster is used in applications other than bollard conditions. For the propeller performance curve, the thruster was attached to a tow carriage in a towing tank and set to a known rotational speed. The tow carriage is set to travel through the water at varying advance speeds to control the velocity of the flow across the propeller. The advance ratio ranged from 0.19 to 0.97 in increments of 0.19. 0.97 is the expected advance ratio where the thrust equals zero. Thrust force and current monitoring data were collected at different advance ratios, which is defined as the advance velocity divided by the product of the diameter of the propeller and angular speed of the propeller. The performance efficiency is measured as the mechanical output power divided by the input power provided to the propeller. The data was used to create a propeller performance curve, which shows the relationship between performance efficiency and the advance ratio of the propeller. Because the maximum speed of the tow tank is 1 m/s and the expected zero efficiency point occurs at the advance ratio of 0.97, 11.6 rev/sec was chosen for the motor speed for testing. The propeller curve for this rotational speed did not exhibit the expected behaviors. One possible reason for this is that 11.6 rev/sec is on the low end of the potential motor speed and running at such low speed could change the behavior of the motor. To test this theory, data was collected where the motor speed was 34.5 rev/sec. The data collected when the motor speed was 34.5 rev/sec followed the expected behavior of a propeller; however, due to limitations of the tow tank only a partial propeller curve could be created for the motor at the higher speed. It may be of interest to use a larger tow tank with a faster tow carriage to complete the propeller curve, building off of the curve established here.


In this paper,based on the solid material particle's differential motion equations(displacement,velocity,acceleration) in the pipeline of fully mechanized coal mining and backfilling,the particle diameter and density of the solid material are established as the main factors which affect its motion.In addition,the effect characteristics of the two main factors to the particle motions are studied by theoretical analysis and MATLAB software.The results indicate that the solid material particle experiences a varying acceleration motion in the feeding pipeline,and the total acceleration time increase as the particle diameter and density increase.According to the engineering conditions of No.12 coal mine of Pingdingshan Coal Group,the proper diameter of the used solid material particle should be 80 mm,the feeding system has not been blocked heretofore,and the real feeding rate can reach to 500 t/h.


This study aims to provide an overview of the differences in the accounting treatment of biological assets before and after the implementation of PSAK 69, namely based on PSAK 16 and PSAK 69. This study analyzed the implementation of PSAK 69 in agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2018. The data analysis technique used in this study is an interactive model analysis technique namely to know the difference in accounting treatment for biological assets based on PSAK 16 and PSAK 69 in 15 agricultural companies. The are three aspects in compared; first on the recognition aspect, based on PSAK 16, agricultural companies recognize plantation crops as assets and do not recognize agricultural products as biological assets. Meanwhile, PSAK 69 measures the biological assets of agricultural companies using fair value less costs to sell and biological assets are not depreciated. Based on PSAK 16, agricultural companies disclose matters related to depreciation.Meanwhile, based on PSAK 69, agricultural companies disclose descriptions of biological asset groups and the value of gain/ losses arising from the use of fair value. Based on the results of the analysis 3 of 15 agricultural companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2018 has implemented PSAK 69 as much as 100%, the rest apply PSAK 69 as much as 50% to 94%.


A University of California author or department has made this article openly available. Thanks to the Academic Senate's Open Access Policy, a great many UC-authored scholarly publications will now be freely available on this site. Let us know how this access is important for you. We want to hear your story! Abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), negative regulators of neural determination in the early embryo, were found to be potent inhibitors of neurogenesis in olfactory epithelium (OE) cultures. BMPs 2, 4 or 7 decreased the number of proliferating progenitor cells and blocked production of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Experiments suggested that this effect was due to an action of BMPs on an early-stage progenitor in the ORN lineage. Further analysis revealed that progenitors exposed to BMPs rapidly (< 2 h) lost MASH1, a transcription factor known to be required for the production of ORNs. This disappearance was due to proteolysis of existing MASH1 protein, but new gene expression was required to trigger it. The data suggest a novel mechanism of BMP action, whereby the induced degradation of an essential transcription factor results in premature termination of a neuronal lineage.


The study examined the rice farmer's productivity in Wase Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria; the objectives were to estimate profitability of rice farming in the study area and determine the socio economic factors affecting rice farmer's productivity. Primary data were used for this study with the aid of well-structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in se-lecting rice farmers in the study area. Three major rice producing districts were purposely selected from the Local Government Area followed by the random selection of the villages from each districts. In all, 153 rice farmers were ran-domly selected from six village's. Gross margin analysis revealed that the production of rice is profitable with the gross margin of N216,576. The multiple regression estimates for determinant of productivity among rice farmers reveals that the coefficient of age, educational level and farm size were negatively significant at 1% level while the quantity of seed and fertilizer were positively significant at 5%. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are necessary for more sustainable rice production in the study area.


Abstract This article summarises some basic concepts of advisory work, incorporated into novel forms of extension over the past half century at Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany. It emphasis a certain understanding of advisory work: as support through "mental help" in structuring and restructuring by informing, motivating and enabling. Through exercises given in the article one can get the idea that problem situations are determined by one's own lack of insight and difficulties in breaking through the limitations of perceptions. The concept presented here in "stages of systematic problem-solving" starts with the perception of a problem by the client. The further critical steps are described within this process from perception of a problem towards solutions and evaluation of results. Two other models that are useful in thinking about problem-solving are also presented. Advisors should value them and be able to make use of them in a flexible way.


Smart farming (SF) is a relatively new concept referring to the use of information and communication technology in farm management, focusing simultaneously on productivity, profitability, and conservation of natural resources. However, despite the benefits, the adoption rate of some SF technologies has not been uniform in some countries. The aim of this paper was to identify the barriers and determining factors influencing the decisions of grain farmers regarding adopting SF technologies. A sample of farmers in southern Brazil (n=119) was analyzed through descriptive analysis, Logit and Poisson models. The results showed there was no strict pattern in farmers' profile, especially in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, to explain the adoption of SF technologies as a package. Adoption of some technologies requires more years of education and knowledge about how technology works, other technologies demand more scale. Broadly speaking, SF requires farmers to be open and receptive to this concept of agriculture.


This work provides additional understanding of hypothetical core-disruptive accident issues involving LMFBRs. Intersubassembly molten fuel and steel penetration into a failed blanket subassembly was analyzed with the two-dimensional SIMMER-II code. Interaction of the fuel and steel with the blanket coolant was included in the investigation. The molten core material was injected through a prescribed opening in the blanket subassembly wall. Eighteen cases involving variations of parameters of importance to the subsequent flow were calculated. In general the resulting pressurization was a good figure of merit for rating the severity of the events. In turn, the pressurization depended on the wall opening size, the initial pool pressure, and the heat-transfer rates. However, only when the wall failure rate was large relative to the sodium expulsion rate, was sufficient pressure generated that could affect the reactor vessel containment.


As a continuation of the previous work10), the study on wave-induced vibrations (springing) has been presented in this report. Model experiments in irregular waves have been carried out. Full scale experiments of springing on board large tanker have been performed. Using these results, characteristics of springing have been examined. Expressions for combined stress are shown. Short-term and long-term distributions of springing stress are also presented. It is shown that the combined stress is less than the sum of wave bending and springing stresses. The extreme value for 20 years of springing stress of 237 000 dwt tanker is estimated about 4 kg/mm2.


We study the key determinants of customer satisfaction with software products. Our analysis, based upon a large sample of over 2,500 customer responses, suggests that capability and usability are t...


This paper proposes an approach to implement TSK model by using a self-constructing fuzzy neural network (SCFNN). This network is built based on ellipsoidal basis function (EBF), which can be divided into two parts. The first hidden layer composed of EBF units is considered as IF-part, and the output layer which consists of the connect weights is the THEN-part. The structure of SCFNN can adjust adaptively by a new structure learning algorithm based on the proposed crucial factor which denotes the importance of a fuzzy rule. Thus, a rule can be generated or pruned automatically according to both the firing strength of the rule and the performance of SCFNN. Simulation results show that the SCFNN has the powerful capability to extract fuzzy rules in the network. Comprehensive comparisons with other approaches indicate that the proposed method is better considering the learning efficiency and actual effect.


The effective gravitational mass as well as the energy and momentum distributions of a radiating charged particle in Einstein's universe are evaluated. The Moller's energy–momentum complex is employed for this computation. The spacetime under study is a generalization of Bonnor and Vaidya spacetime in the sense that the metric is described in the cosmological background of Einstein's universe in lieu of the flat background. Several spacetimes are limiting cases of the one considered here. In particular for the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole background, our results are exactly the same as those derived by Cohen and Gautreau using Whittaker's theorem and by Cohen and de Felice using Komar's mass. Furthermore, the power output for the spacetime under consideration is obtained.


We use data on Indian stock portfolios to show that return heterogeneity is the primary contributor to increasing inequality of wealth held in risky assets by Indian individual investors. Return heterogeneity increases equity wealth inequality through two main channels, both of which are related to the prevalence of undiversified accounts that own relatively few stocks. First, some undiversified portfolios randomly do well, while others randomly do poorly. Second, larger accounts diversify more effectively and thereby earn higher average log returns even though their average simple returns are no higher than those of smaller accounts. (JEL D14, D31, G11, O16)


Neutrino fluxes could arise due to annihilation of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs) in the center of the sun. We study the prospects of search for muon events due to such neutrinos at the upcoming Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) detector to be housed at India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). Although the atmospheric neutrinos will pose a serious background to the signal neutrinos produced through WIMP annihilation, the former could be supressed significantly by using the directional property of signal neutrinos. For 50kt×10 years of ICAL running and WIMP masses (mχ) between 3-100 GeV, we perform a χ2 analysis and present expected exclusion regions in the σβख़ — mx and σβι — mx plane, where σβख़ and σβι are the WIMP-nucleon Spin-Dependent (SD) and Spin-Independent (SI) scattering cross-sections, respectively. For mx = 25 GeV, the expected 90 % C.L. exclusion limit on σβख़ are σβॄ < 7.82 x 10−41 cm2 for τ+τ− channel and σβख़ < 1.23 10−39 cm2 for 66 channel. For same m×, the expected 90 % C.L. exclusion limits on σβι are σβι < 8.97 × 10−43 cm2 for τ +τ− channel and σβι < 1.43×10−41 cm2 for 66 channel.