Professor Teiji Tsuruta, the emeritus professor of the University of Tokyo and the Founding Editor of the Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, passed away at age of 95 on 18 September 2015. We express our heartfelt condolences and remember the impact he had on so many lives. Professor Tsuruta was born in 1920, and graduated from Kyoto Imperial University (now Kyoto University) in December 1941. He was appointed as an associate professor in 1951, before becoming a full professor at Kyoto University in 1962. In 1964, Professor Tsuruta accepted an invitation to join the University of Tokyo as a full professor of polymer chemistry. After his first retirement at age of 60 from the University of Tokyo, he joined the Tokyo University of Science as a full professor, and continued his academic/research activities until 1996. Throughout his 45 years of academic career, he guided and educated a large number of students in polymer chemistry. Professor Tsuruta was a pioneer in organometallic-catalyzed anionic polymerization, particularly the mechanisms involved in stereoregular polymerization. His seminal work provided new insights into stereochemistry in polymer science. Professor Tsuruta clarified the reactivity between monomers and initiators in anionic polymerization from their structural viewpoints, and prepared the monomer-initiator reactivity table, which has been widely referenced in literatures to foresight the reactivity of monomers and initiators. In the late 1970's, Professor Tsuruta became acquainted Professor Yasuhisa Sakurai of Tokyo Women's Medical College and realized the importance of biomaterials in medicine. He thus decided to initiate biomaterials research with applying his life-long experience in organometallic-catalyzed anionic polymerization to prepare functional monomers and polymers useful as biomaterials. In 1982, he organized a special research project on multiphase biomaterials supported by the Ministry of Education, Japan. This materially expanded biomaterials research in Japan in 1980s. Culminating in 1988, the 3rd World Biomaterials Congress was held successfully in Kyoto with Professor Tsuruta as the Chairperson of the Organizing Committee. Professor Tsuruta was a lifelong researcher and mentor. Most recently, he devoted himself to research focused on understanding water structure on biocompatibility of materials. He especially enjoyed enlightening discussions on this issue with younger researchers. His last research article was published, at age 90, in the Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 21 (14), 1831–1848 (2010). In March of 2012, Professor Tsuruta delivered a retrospective lecture at the workshop organized by the research group of polymeric biomaterials in Society of Polymer Science, Japan on the group's 40th anniversary. He shared numerous examples of breakthroughs during the pioneering period of Japanese biomaterials research in the 1970's and 1980's, while also sharing the impact of his life-long research on the role of water structure on the biocompatibility of the polymeric biomaterials. As ever, his optimism for further progress in biomaterial research was focused and infectious, and provided much encouragement to younger researchers. Even at age 92, this enthusiastic presentation lasted for more than 2 h without a break! The room was full with many standing, and everyone knew they were privileged to hear these personal perspectives from this remarkable pioneer.


The objectives of this study were to evaluate mixing of liquid waste from Tank 241-S-112 with waste in Tank 241-SY-101 and to determine the properties of the resulting waste for the cross-site transfer to avoid potential double-shell tank corrosion and pipeline plugging. We applied the time-varying, three-dimensional computer code TEMPEST to Tank SY-101 as it received the S-112 liquid waste. The model predicts that temperature variations in Tank SY-101 generate a natural convection flow that is very slow, varying from about 7 x 10{sup -5} to 1 x 10{sup -3} ft/sec (0.3 to about 4 ft/hr) in most areas. Thus, natural convection would eventually mix the liquid waste in SY-101 but would be very slow to achieve nearly complete mixing. These simulations indicate that the mixing of S-112 and SY-101 wastes in Tank SY-101 is a very slow process, and the density difference between the two wastes would further limit mixing. It is expected to take days or weeks to achieve relatively complete mixing in Tank SY-101.


This paper considers the pedagogical approaches and principles of the software-methodological provision of "Information Systems and Technologies" discipline, within which scope future applied informatics bachelors' professional competences formation is laid at the initial level. According to the author's opinion, the methods of problem-based and project-based teaching are the main ones.


Parametric interaction is considered of plasma oscillations in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEG) placed in two parallel planes in the presence of an intense electromagnetic field (EMF). The spectrum of coupled plasmons is calculated for the case when the EMF frequency is high compared with the frequencies of 2D plasmons in isolated 2DEG's. The frequency of the coupled plasmons is found to be an oscillating function of the EMF amplitude. The case of parametric resonance is considered, and the parametric excitation gain is calculated.

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The main objective of the present this article is to apply another generalized form of neutrosophic open sets namely,neutrosophic δ-ß-open sets to introduce and study a completely description for another new concept of generalized neutrosophic continuous maps namely, neutrosophic δ-ß-continuous maps in neutrosophic topological spaces. Several of the fundamental properties related to this kind of neutrosophic continuous maps have been investigated. In addition, the interrelationships between this kind of maps and other well-known related neutrosophic maps have been discussed. On the other hand, new class of generalized neutrosophic maps namely, neutrosophic δ-ß-irresolute maps has been studied, and some of the essential properties concerning of this class of generalized neutrosophic maps have been introduced. Moreover, various suitable examples to support of these results have been provided.


Repeatable examinations should promote reinforcement of learning by providing motivation for additional study and should decrease the effect of student anxiety on exam performance. This form of testing has been used in Introductory Soil Science at the Univ. of Nebraska for 3 years. In this system, the student receives the highest grade he attains on all exams for a block of instruction. Data collected during one semester with 180 students led to several conclusions. On the average, approximately 64% of the students repeated each exam. Point biserial correlation coefficients were similar for original and repeated exams for each block of instruction. High-achieving students benefited more from repeatable exams than low-achieving students. Student grades were higher during terms in which repeatable exams were used. Additional index words: Performance evaluation, Educational tests and measurements. quirements of specific objectives. The original test was discussed with the students in a recitation section before the repeat test was given. If the student chose to repeat the test he received the higher of the two test grades. Item analyses were performed for all tests. Final course grades were obtained by averaging the eight test grades for the lecture portion of the course, and combining this average with the laboratory grade (80% lecture, 20% lab). scaling or other grade adjustment was considered necessary or desirable. The test data for the detailed analyses presented here were obtained over one semester, fall 1973. Repeatable tests were used in 1971, 1972, and 1973. However, limited computerization of student performance in 1971 and 1972 precluded the inclusion of those data in this report. In general, the partial data from 1972 support the results reported here. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION R tests have been used in a number of teaching environments (1, 3, 5). Advantages of a teaching program including repeatable tests are: (a) reduction of student anxiety as factor in test taking (3); (b) capacity for reinforcement of material, and (c) ease of use of tests teaching aids. Although additional tests must be prepared, with the use of modern computerized grading techniques, little additional resources are required to utilize this procedure. This report summarizes observations from a study of the technique of repeatable tests as used in Introductory Soil Science at the Univ. of Nebraska.


No one can deny that there is no civilization without the development of science and technology. The development of scientific knowledge also contributes to the enlightenment of intellectual capacity producing highly scientific literacy among people who have adopted rational and objective knowledge. Scientific knowledge is secular. There is no place for religious, cultural, and subjective arguments in the scientific approach. As a result, scientific development produces 'literates uneducated', 'excellence without soul', 'skilled barbarians' and persons possessing similar characteristics. Those who have high scientific literacy but are without a soul do more harm than good as mentioned by Harry Lewis [2006], a scholar from Harvard University. The development of scientific literacy, which has not been accompanied by spiritual development, produces unbalanced people in terms of their personality development, which finally produces an unsustainable civilization. As an alternative to the development of science which puts so much emphasis on rational thinking, we propose the acquisition of scientific knowledge which is in harmony with spiritual and personal development based on religion, culture, and subjective knowledge. In the past, the Muslim community has produced such scientists. This paper discusses the concept and philosophy of Islamic Science, which is sustainable, and both culturally and religiously friendly as an alternative to the present secular science.


The vast improvement of technology opened opportunity for everyone to build community, including mothers. Women's transition in playing their role as mother is challenging for mental health. Halo Ibu Community is providing media and space for mothers to support each other, one of it is @haloibuid. This study aims to find out whether there is influence of exposure and content of Instagram @haloibuid towards the attitude of mothers regarding mental health.The concepts used on this research are namely stimulus response theory, social media exposure, Instagram content, attitude and mental health. The population of this research is followers of @haloibuid. This research is conducted by distributing the questionnaire to 100 mothers who have become the followers of @haloibu.id and the active member of community.The result shows that all hypotheses were accepted. There is significant, positive and quite strong influence simultaneously of exposure and content of Instagram @haloibuid, as well as separately of exposure and of content. When both independent variables tested together, coefficient correlation and influence are slightly stronger than when exposure and content are tested separately. The result indicates that the work of community in educating women regarding maternal mental health through exposure and content of Instagram was worthwhile. Community should keep on improving the content and optimizing their exposure. Other recommendation for community is to expand their target to mothers from lower social economy because these group also required information about mental health.


A slope has complex failure mechanism,and its stability is affected by many factors such as geological and engineering factors. Therefore,more attentions are paid to study of slope stability. A catastrophe model basing on the catastrophe theory and fuzzy mathematics is used to analyze and evaluate the slope stability; and a new comprehensive evaluation index of slope stability is proposed: catastrophe progression. This index considers synthetically effect of many factors on slope stability and reflects actually state of slope system. The study results of engineering cases show that this comprehensive evaluation method of slope stability based on catastrophe progression method has higher accuracy and good application to slope stability analysis.


To improve outlier detection in high-dimensional data stream,a novel high-dimensional data stream outlier detection(DSOD)algorithm based on angle distribution was proposed.To identify the normal point,border point and outlier accurately,the method of angle distribution-based outlier detection algorithm was employed.To reduce the computational complexity,a small-scale calculation set of data stream was established,which is composed of normal set,border set.To solve the problem of concept drift,an updated mechanism for the normal set and border set was developed.The experimental results on real data sets demonstrate that DSOD is more efficient than Simple variance of angles(Simple VOA)and angel-based outlier detection(ABOD)and is very suitable for the outlier detection of large data streams.


A method employing appropriately placed parallel-metallic plates in the aperture of a TM/sub 01/ mode circular waveguide source so as to have it produce pencil-beam radiation is described and analyzed. Programmed computations, with experimental verification, are given for the case of a C-Band TM/sub 01/ source flared out to a conical horn so as to produce moderate (22 dBi) gain. Means of extending the method to achieve higher gains (40 dBi to 60 dBi) and to modify the plate arrangement so as to produce the same effect with a TE/sub 01/ mode are briefly outlined. >


Synergistic cancer therapy is of great interest for multiple advantages, such as excellent targeting accuracy, low side effects, and enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a near‐infrared photosensitizer aza‐BODIPY (AB) with high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 82%) is designed and synthesized. With Schiff's base obtained from condensation reaction between doxorubicin (DOX) and polyethylene glycol‐benzaldehyde (PEG–CHO) as the polymer matrix, aza‐BODIPY is encapsulated to afford hydrophilic nanoparticles (DAB NPs). The DAB NPs exhibit high reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rate and outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 38.3%) under irradiation. In vivo fluorescence‐ and photothermal‐imaging (PTI) results demonstrate that DAB NPs can specifically accumulate at tumor sites and serve as dual‐modal imaging probe for cancer diagnosis. Particularly, triggered by acidic tumor microenvironment, the HCN bond of Schiff's base would be broken simultaneously, resulting in the efficient release of DOX from DAB NPs at tumor sites as well as enhancing the targeting performance of chemotherapeutics. Compared with free DOX and aza‐BODIPY nanoparticles, DAB NPs can inhibit tumor growth more effectively through pH‐responsive photodynamic/photothermal/chemo synergistic therapy. This report may also present a practicable strategy to develop a pH‐responsive nanotheranostic agent for tumor targeting, imaging, and therapy.


The authors present the results of a study of the anodic electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide and its derivatives on glassy carbon in solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate with sodium borate. We studied the kinetics of anodic processes on glassy carbon with the aid of polarization measurements and a method for determining the concentrations of active oxygen in the anolyte and the current efficiency. The current efficiencies with respect to active oxygen obtained on glassy carbon in the mixed solution of sodium borate and sodium carbonate are close to the current efficiencies which are observed on platinum anodes in the industrial electrosynthesis of perborates.


Our objective was to examine the relationship between the 2008 and 2015 economic crisis and children's physical activity (PA) outcomes, eating behaviors and obesity prevalence, while considering sex inequalities and familial socioeconomic status.


Antimicrobial resistance is a rapidly emerging threat and antibiograms are a key component in guiding empiric antimicrobial selection. Patients admitted from post-acute care facilities (PACF) are at a heightened risk for infections from multi-drug resistant organisms, posing a challenge for clinicians selecting empiric therapy. It is uncommon for antibiograms to differentiate between sources of admission. This study aimed to characterize culture proven infections and the appropriateness of empiric antimicrobial regimens for patients admitted from PACF in the Philadelphia region.

 This was a retrospective quality improvement study that included patients admitted from Philadelphia PACF from August 2020 to June 2021. Patients were included if they had at least one positive culture within 72 hours of admission. Appropriate therapy was determined based on a comparison of empiric antimicrobial selection and susceptibilities that resulted from collected cultures. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis.

 A total of 106 patients and 154 cultures were evaluated during the study period. The majority of patients received initial empiric coverage for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (79%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (59%). Over 50% of all cultures had been obtained from urinary sources. Enterococcus spp. were the most commonly isolated gram positive organism (61%) and Escherichia coli was the most common gram negative organism (33%). A portion of patients (32.7%) did not receive appropriate empiric therapy. Discrepancies in susceptibility patterns between our internal antibiogram and PACF patients were most notable for gram negative organisms including decreased levofloxacin susceptibilities to P. mirabilis isolates (89% vs 45%). Other notable discrepancies include decreased meropenem susceptibilities to P. aeruginosa isolates (88% vs 65%). Select susceptibility patterns are reported in Figure 1.

 Antimicrobial susceptibility was discordant amongst patients admitted from PACF in the Philadelphia region compared to our general antibiogram. The increased resistance identified supports a need to re-evaluate empiric prescribing guidelines for this specific population.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures.


Abstract:Published under DC Comics' Elseworlds imprint, Superman's Metropolis is a comic book retelling of the Superman origin story set within the cinematic world of Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1927). The interpolation of the Superman narrative into the film is meant to be an imaginative act that interweaves two alternative universes in order to highlight the underlying themes of identity and corporeal malleability in both texts. This creative exercise, the author argues, is not merely a coincidental interlinking but a purposeful attempt to reveal the very real impact eugenic science (and the discourses it crafted about the body) has had on the character of Superman. This article proposes another alternative version of Superman's origin story, one that specifically disrupts seemingly stable and normative histories of the hero's emergence and extends the connections made in Superman's Metropolis to consider how the eugenics movement's investment in and development of gender confirmation surgeries (previously known as sex reassignment surgeries) markedly affects the ways in which we understand the emergence of the Superman narrative. While at first a "reading-together" of these histories may seem widely incompatible, the author argues that the narratives of transsexual surgeries (surgical procedures that modify an individual's primary or secondary sex characteristics) fold neatly into the Superman origin story.


We continue our investigation of the distribution of the fractional parts of αγ, where α is a fixed non-zero real number and γ runs over the imaginary parts of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. We establish some connections to Montgomery's pair correlation function and the distribution of primes in short intervals. We also discuss analogous results for a more general L-function.


Many Muslims in post-apartheid South Africa have been seeking to use the new freedoms of a democratic state and its liberal constitution to pursue distinctive rights as part of a broader project to construct new and tighter Islamic codes in public and private domains. One example is the call for shariah-based Muslim Personal Law (MPL) in accordance with the South African Constitution which allows for the recognition of 'personal or
family law' provided it is not in conflict with the Constitution. A South African Law Commission (SALC) committee headed by Supreme Court Judge Mohamed Navsa released a draft Bill on MPL in December 2001. Muslim journalist Khadija Magardie considered it "a progressive step" towards resolving the mismatch between Muslim personal law and the Bill of Rights, but warned that while it was "good news for some, its contents are likely to
have some quarters sighing into their three fists long beards."


Objective To analyze the relationship between spiral CT signs and pathology in renal cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods 93 patients with pathologically proved renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined with spiral CT in plain and multiphase enhancement scans before operation. CT features of renal cell carcinoma were compared with surgical and pathological results.Results The enhancement degree of lesions on contrast CT was closely correlated to the modal of renal malignant cells'ranking. The shorthair sign surround the margin of tumor strongly indicated renal capsule invasion (P0.01). No certain relations had been found between cellular types and CT types of renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion Spiral CT could distinctly show imaging characteristics of renal cell carcinoma which were related to their cellular type and structures in pathology.


For protecting the insulators from the possible damage caused by lightning flashover and pollution flashovers which are followed by high power arc current,the parallel gap lightning protection devices can be installed on insulators strings.The research and application status of this technology both at home and abroad are introduced.The parallel gap lightning protection devices on V type I type suspension insulator strings of the 110 kV and 220 kV transmission line are developed and designed.The parallel gap devices have simple structure and assemble easy.In view of the future needs of power system development,a test method is proposed,test short-circuit current value is 50 kA,the withstand time of arc is 0.2 s.With the devices samples the power frequency arc burning characteristics are investigated in high power laboratory of XIHARI(Xi'an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute)of China.These tests prove that the devices can protect insulator strings,power frequency arc with 50 kA along insulator string edge can move away to the end of arcing horn in 0.01 s approximately,moreover,the devices can withstand power frequency arc with 50 kA/0.2 s.The research indicates that the parallel gap lightning protection is an available lightning protection measure,and it has a bright future for application on the transmission lines of China.


Objective To investigate HIV prevalence and AIDS related behaviors among different population groups,and to upgrade surveillance data for HIV/AIDS prevention strategies.Methods Drug users,CSWs,STI patients,pregnant women and unlinked outpatients were randomly selected as the subject of the cross-sectional survey through cluster sampling,and BSS questionnaire were completed and venous blood samples were obtained to test HIV and syphilis(hepatitis C testing was also undertaken for drug users).Results Of the 400 drug users of the survey,36.37% were IDUs and 15% of the IDUs had ever shared injecting equipment during the last one month.The condom use rate among the drug users in the last sex act was 10.78%.The prevalence rates of HIV,HCV and syphilis among drug users were 24.25%,42.00% and 42.25% respectively,and prevalence rates of HIV and HCV among those who shared syringe were higher than that of others.The prevalence rates of HIV and syphilis of CSWs,STI patients,pregnant women and unlinked out patients were 0.67% and 8.00%,0 and 5.75%,0.12% and 4.61%,and 0.19% and 1.45% respectively.All subjects investigated had a low understanding in HIV/AIDS and high risk behaviors.Conclusion High prevalence of HIV among drug users was very evident in Kashgar prefecture.There are high risk factors for HIV transmission in this prefecture and the possibility of extensive transmission has become significant.


authors present a parameter estimation and sensitivity study, applying a variational optimization technique to a 1-dimensional ecosystem model for a station off the coast of Antarctica. The manuscript is concise (sometimes too much so) and presents a sophisticated optimization framework with an interesting application. It could be improved by showing if and to what extent the results generalize to different initial parameter values.


A new simple and accurate approximate electrostatic relativistic dispersion relation for electron Bernstein waves in a Maxwellian plasma has been obtained. The relativistic relation is valid for an arbitrary value of parallel refractive index. Comparisons with corresponding exact formulae are given.


In this work we propose to apply the smart home technology in building a monitoring system which control classroom equipment. The system saves energy and lowering the maintenance cost by undertaking necessary actions according to classroom situations. When classrooms empty, system can be used to turn off related equipment remotely and wirelessly via XBee-based wireless network. The system can be used to control LCD projectors and lights in classroom. The system thus prolong classroom equipment lifetime and decreases the energy bills. Globally speaking, lower power consumption will also reduce global warming effect.


Observational studies revealed phenotypic associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and many biomarkers. However, causality between these conditions in East Asians is unclear. We leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of T2D (Ncase = 77,418; Ncontrol = 356,122) from the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (sample recruited during 2001-2011), and the GWAS summary statistics of 42 biomarkers (N = 12,303 to 143,658) from BioBank Japan (sample recruited during 2003-2008) to investigate causal relationships between T2D and biomarkers. Applications of Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches consistently revealed the genetically instrumented T2D associated with increased blood potassium (liability-scale β = [0.04, 0.10], p-value = [6.41×10-17, 9.85×10-5]) and decreased blood chloride (liability-scale β = [-0.16, -0.06], p-value = [5.22×10-27, 3.14×10-5]) whereas these two biomarkers showed no causal effects on T2D. Heritability estimation using summary statistics (ρ-HESS) and summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) highlighted 27 genomic regions and three genes (MGAT1, TLE1, and HMGCR) interactively associated with the shared genetics underlying T2D and the two biomarkers. Thus, T2D may causally affect potassium and chloride in blood for East Asians. In contrast, the relationships from the potassium or chloride to T2D are not causal, suggesting the importance of monitoring the electrolyte disorder for T2D patients.


Objective: To assess the gastroprotective effect of montelukast on aspirin induced gastric mucosal ulceration in rabbits.
Study Design: Laboratory based quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: National Institute of Health Islamabad and department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Histopathology department at Army Medical College Rawalpindi from March to May 2018.
Methodology: Twenty eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group 1 was normal control group, group 2 received aspirin as a single dose of 300mg/kg orally on day 6 of the study, group 3 and 4 received omeprazole and montelukast respectively on a similar dosing schedule: where a total of 10mg/kg/day of each respective drug was administered orally for 6 consecutive days followed by asingle oral dose of 300 mg/kg of aspirin after 1 hour of the last dose. All animals were sacrificed 5 hours after aspirin administration. The abdomens were dissected and the gastric tissues were excised for macroscopic, ulcer index and pH evaluation and were sent for histopathology for microscopic assessment.
Results: Moderate to severe gastric mucosal damage (grade II-III) was seen in the aspirin treated toxic group, with considerable increase in ulcer index and decrease in pH (p<0.001). Montelukast significantly ameliorated the gastric mucosal ulceration as evident by substantial decrease in ulcer index (UI), increase in pH, gross and histoarchitecture findings with preventive index of 51.36% closed to the percentage protection of standard antiulcer drug omeprazole.
Conclusions: Montelukast has anti-ulcerogenic gastroprotective effect on microscopic, macroscopic and biochemical level.


A tetranuclear copper(I) complex [Cu4(L2)Cl4] with a new macrocyclic ligand derived from the [4+4] condensation of ethylenediamine and isophthalaldehyde was synthesized and structurally characterized. The copper(I) ions are coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral manner by two imine nitrogen and two chloro donor atoms. The copper copper separation is 3.056(2)A.

Synthese und strukturelle Charakterisierung eines neuen vierkernigen, makrozyklischen Kupfer(I)-Komplexes

Ein vierkerniger Kupfer(I)-Komplex, [Cu4(L2)Cl4], mit einem neuen makrozyklischen Liganden aus der [4+4] Kondensation von Ethylendiamin und Isophthalaldehyd wurde synthetisiert und strukturell charakterisiert. Die Kupfer(I)- Ionen sind verzerrt tetraedrisch koordiniert von zwei Iminstickstoff- und zwei Chloro-Donoratomen. Der Kupfer-Kupfer-Abstand betragt 3.056(2)A.


The present invention relates to a wire grid polarizer and a liquid crystal display device including the same. The wire grid polarizer has a structure where at least two layers of wire grid units (100) are laminated. The wire grid unit comprises a base member (110), a resin layer (120) which is formed on at least one side of the base member and includes a groove pattern by a lattice convex part, and a metallic lattice (130) pattern layer formed on the lattice convex part of the resin layer. The lattice convex part (200) is amorphous in a manner that at least one side of the left side and the right side of the convex part has at least one curved section or inclined section to be at an acute angle to a ground.


The present invention is a substrate processing apparatus is provided with transport: processing a plurality of wafer processing stations (20 ~ 23,40); transfer the wafer (W), the transport station (31 to 34); and conveying the station between the retracted transfer station (30) of the wafer; and a fault detection occurs in the processing station, based on the detection signal to the centralized control of the CPU for each station (60). When the control portion detects a failure occurs either in the processing station, the processing station to the transport failure in the wafer transfer station to the retracted, temporarily stopping the conveyance of the wafer before the failure processing station, other than the wafer transport, processing continues, and then transfer the wafer prior to processing station fails, the processing.


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Many fungi including Phytophthora species cause severe pre- and post-harvest damage to agricultural crops. Research focused on plant-derived fungicides and their possible application in agriculture is being intensified as these are having enormous potential to inspire and influence modern agro-chemical research. In this study, we survey the effectiveness of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. on the mycelium growth of three species of Phytophthora including P. capsici , P. drechsleri and P. melonis . The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves of C. citratus that were subjected to hydro-distillation through Clevenger's apparatus and its chemical composition was analyzed with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). α- citral (39.16%), Z- citral (30.95%), limonene (5.83%), and caryophyllene (3.44%) were identified as main components. The rate of growth inhibition were measured after placing 7 days active mycelial plugs of each fungus on petri dishes containing CMA amended with specific concentration of essential oil and incubated at 25 ± 2 o C. Since growth inhibition of studied essential oil was evident in this study, they have potential to control of Phytophthora species and could be considered for developing new fungicides.


Scientific developmental theory is the guide policy of national defence and the troops construction.The hypostasis of the military logistics scientific development should have three aspects: making people be the center,coordination and continuance.Expounding the above-mentioned contents.The paper analyses our problems in developing military logistics scientific development and gives some advice.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of Interleukin II plus Cisplatin for patients with malignant pleural effusion.METHODS:Thoracentesis was performed in 52 patients with malignant pleural effusion,and single lumen central venous catheter(purchased from Arrow Company,US)was inserted in the patients for closed drainage of the pleural fluid.And the patients were randomized to two groups:32 cases(Group A)were injected(via thoracic cavity)with interleukin Ⅱ(2 000 000~3 000 000 units each time)plus cisplatin(80~100 mg each time)while 20 cases(Group B)were injected with cisplatin(80~100 mg each time)alone weekly for 3 consecutive weeks.RESULTS:The effective rate was 84.4% in Group A [8(25.0%)CR cases and 19(59.3%)PR cases] vs.65% in Group B [3(15.0%)CR cases and 10(50.0%)PR cases].After treatment,the KPS scores for all the patients were ranged from 60 to 90,up by an average of more than 10 scores as compared with before treatment,and all the PR or CR patients had improvement in characteristics of pleural fluid.CONCLUSION:Interleukin II plus Cisplatin is superior to cisplatin alone in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.It improves patients' respiratory function and immunity.Furthermore,the injury arose from thoracentesis performed to insert catheter for drainage is mild and in which the complications such as multilocular pleural adhesion and encapsulation and pneumothorax are avoided and the method is simple and safe with mild side effects.


Emphases and difficulties of protection against lightning in design and construction during repair of historic buildings are summarized and specific practices of Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum are presented.


The concept of former sovereigns and the thought of following the example of former sovereigns are basically the same category.The concept of former sovereigns is closely related to the nature of the patriarchal society of ancient China,and also related to the profound understanding of the ancient Chinese of the "continuity of political systems and social culture.The concept of former sovereigns has not yet appeared in the The Book of History;but it was very strong and was the source of the concept of former sovereigns.It is also an important manifestation of the historical concept.The concept of former sovereigns,the thought of history serving as a warning and the consciousness of trying hard in order to guard against the difficulties,constitute the thought of historical function,and has a significant impact on later generations.


This article tackles the gender aspects of media tabloidization process, by empirical research on Estonian press and TV of the transition period 1990s-2000s. It shows, how media tabloidization/commercialization is gendered and how ambivalent is media's position in representing and reproducing gender order. Media, by tabloidization, legitimizes the shift of the gendered public-private borders in the society and from the other side, media acts as a maintaining factor of gender order as reproducing, producing and legitimizing patriarchal gender patterns. Discursive order, reproduced in media, clearly sets areas of expected expertize for both genders: everyday life, home, human relations for women; public issues, technology for men. Women are typically depicted in the context of or speak on TV on themes which Bourdieu called extensions of private sphere in the public. Media legitimizes gender order by representing this as a default division and it tackles separately exceptions from this division: by textual and visual means media constructs women in male-dominated areas as disturbance of gender order. Commercial pressures, fostering stereotypical images of women, accord with patriarchal frameworks of representing women. In Estonia as a postsoviet transition society, commercialization process is amplified by deep societal changes and value crisis, seen as a broader context for narrow and prejudiced representations of women. Increase in the number of women in media content that typically bring private issues into media, is influencing media intimization and personalization processes, and is seen as a result and also means of tabloidization. Democratizing potential of those representations is questioned.


Table 1. Range of coefficients of variation (CV) of three different fibrinogen assays (Clauss, kinetic and derived) of the external quality exercises of the years 1994, 1995 and 1996 (February-May) by ÖQUASTA in Austria CV Clauss, Exercises (n = 4) (n = 4) (n = 2) 3.5-13.3 5.8-10.3 3.1-16.0 n = Number of hemostaseologic exercises per year; data n = total number of compiled fibrinogen results of exercises per year. Dear Sir, We completely agree with Pál László, who mentioned in his letter to the editor 'Comparison of Fibrinogen Determinations' [1] that the most reliable procedure to compare different methods depends on the use of only one (pooled or commercially lyophilized) reference plasma for calibrations. However, and unfortunately, in clinical practice a great variety of heterogenous commercial calibrator plasmas are used [2]. In our paper [3], we used four different and for the different methods recommended calibration materials not in spite of the well-known fact of deviations from the declared value but because of this effect! As mentioned in our paper [3], we did not evaluate or compare four methods but studied the new kinetic method (using analyzer, reference and control plasmas according to the recommendation of the reagent manufacturer) in comparison with those derived from the three most frequently used and best established automated meth-


This article has as object of research the song La Rosa y el Sauce, by the Argentine composer Carlos Guastavino (1912 - 2000). The study uses the tripartite model of Nattiez (1945) aiming to assist the research and musical interpretive decisions of the present authors. In the conclusion, arguments are presented that indicate the insufficiency of the score as a total representation of the musical work and the important role of the performer in the sound materialization.


t The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) provides independent, national guidance on clinical practice, health technologies and public health to the UK's National Health System (NHS). Never shying away from tackling controversial topics, NICE is accustomed to a fair share of criticism, particularly when it comes to cost-effectiveness of treatments and interventions. Now, the agency is engaged in another debate (this time in the urology community) regarding the use of four drugs for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. NICE was started 10 years ago when then–Prime Minister Tony Blair became aware of variations in medical practice across the UK, specifically as it affected patient access to new, expensive cancer drugs. Today, NICE has a staff of 280 and an annual budget of £33 million. At any given moment, more than 2000 people are actively involved in producing guidelines. Since its inception, NICE has provided the NHS with evidence-based guidelines of best practices for such diverse conditions as colon cancer, dementia, multiple sclerosis and osteoporosis. All of the guidelines have generated commentary from physician and patient groups. "Physicians often think of best practice as being the most effective", says Professor Peter Littlejohns, MBBS, clinical and


Acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALLs) are morphologically classified into L1, L2, and L3. The former two types are phenotypically constituted of quite heterogeneous ALLs.


This research explores postcolonial issues like ambivalence, cultural hybridity, mimicry, and identity crisis in Mohsin Hamid's novel Moth Smoke. The novel presents the picture of Pakistani society surrounded by the presence of western values, cultural rifts and obsessions of materiality, and a weakening bond between the community and moral codes. Bhabha's theory provides grounds to analyze the selected text. The wealthy characters of the novel, like Ozi and Mumtaz, are pursuing individualistic lifestyles affected by their touch with New York during their studies, while some Pakistani characters, like the drug dealer, Murad, are pursuing English as a basic language of communication only to hide their reality of low origin and stamp their authority and control over other. Ambivalence, hybridity, and mimicry of these characters are analyzed in this research. The hybridized individualistic western values lead Mumtaz to become an infidel to his husband and have extramarital affairs with Daru going against the cultural values of the Pakistani society with rigid patriarchal and sexual control over women. The space of cultural hybridity paves the way for mimicry in most of the instances and also leads to the downfall of Daru, the economically poor class friend of Ozi.


"lfHE following brief summary of achievements in Medicine on the Pacific Coast is limited to recently completed research whose significance may be readily appreciated. In view of this restriction, and of the limited time for presentation, the summary is necessarily incomplete, and does not render full justice to the large activities in medical research here. Nor, is it possible, unfortunately, to mention everyone engaged in research, or instrumental in bringing to successful fruition or conclusion the results discussed. However, it is to be hoped that this record will serve as an inspiration to all in furthering the aims and objects of scientific medicine, whose special concern is the welfare of humanity. The achievements fall into three general groups, which may be conveniently designated as follows: (1) Constitutional Factors in Health and Disease, (2) Treatment of Disease, and (3) Fundamental Investigations of Causes and Mechanisms of Biological Phenomena.


Russian petroleum industry plays a vital part in both the country's economy and international hydrocarbon market, providing a third of state budget revenues and over 13% of global liquid hydrocarbon exports. Yet, nowadays the industry is facing a number of serious challenges, which threaten to undermine its sustainability. These challenges include depletion of the conventional oil resources, technological and economic sanctions and stagnating demand for liquid fuels, especially apparent in Russian traditional export destinations – Europe. The authors attempted to evaluate the impact of these issues and compile a forecast of Russian oil industry using state-of-the-art modelling tools. The calculations show, that even under fairly negative scenario assumptions, Russia is capable of maintaining crude oil and refined products exports above 250 mtoe up to 2040, remaining the world's second liquid hydrocarbon supplier. This, however, is still a huge drop from 425 mtoe of exports in 2018. To ensure sustainability the government and oil companies need to work in conjunction in several fields: facilitate geologic survey of conventional and promising oil and gas basins; domestic development of new oil extraction technologies for accessing unconventional and low-margin oil resources; provide transport infrastructure for remote fields; reforming tax system to better suit the new environment. This way, crude production can be maintained above 500 mtoe in the forecast period and exports even surpass 2018 levels. In any case, however, the need for massive investments and tax incentives coupled with global movement away from fossil fuels means, that in the future oil will be becoming less and less profitable for the state budget, thus Russian government needs to redouble efforts on economic diversification and energy transition.


The suitable medium and formula of growth regulators for shoot propagation and rhizogenesis of Robinia pseudoacacia cv Idaho,and the appropriate substrate and relative humidity for its seedling transplantation in greenhouse were studied respectively.The results show that the suitable formula for tube bud culture is MS with KT 1.2 mg·L~(-1),BA 0.7 mg·L~(-1)and IBA 0.5 mg·L~(-1);and that the suitable formula for shoot rhizogenesis is 1/2 MS with IBA 0.06 mg·L~(-1),NAA 0.07 mg·L~(-1)and IAA 1 mg·L~(-1),with a rooting rate 98 %~100 %high.The appropriate substrate for seedling transplantation is peat and perlite in 2∶1,with a survival rate 95.8 %high,and the key factor to seedling survival in the greenhouse is to keep the relative humidity in 90 %in the first week of transplantation.


Clay–organic matter complexes (< 2 μ) were separated in four serial extracts through ultrasonic dispersion from a Black Chernozemic soil developed on calcareous till. Derivative thermograms (DTG) of the complexes were similar to those of organic matter extracted from the same soil with alkali. The thermograms of the easily extracted materials (first two extracts) did not have a high temperature peak unless the materials were treated with acid. The thermograms of the difficult to extract materials and of the coarser residual materials (silts and roots) did have a high temperature peak.


The article represents sufficiently brief rendering of results and conclusions of the sociological research, aimed at the study of changes in the attitude of managers of big industrial companies towards professional staff training during instability of external market situation.


Here we study the spin-1 particle, i.e., an electromagnetic wave in curved spacetime, say, around a black hole. After separating the equations into radial and angular parts and writing them according to a black-hole geometry, e.g. a Kerr black hole, we solve them analytically. Finally, we produce a complete solution of the spin-1 particles around a rotating black hole, i.e., in Kerr geometry. Obviously there is coupling between the spin of the electromagnetic wave and that of the black hole when particles propagate in that spacetime. Thus, the solution will be dependent on the coupling strength. Most importantly, it may be useful in studying other different problems where analytical results are needed. The results may also be useful in some astrophysical contexts.


Part 1: central economic planning and early Soviet reform efforts. Part 2: planning and organizational refinements in the GDR - an alternative to reform? Part 3 Soviet and East German planning systems - some comparative considerations. Part 4: the current struggle to eschew central planning.


Q1: Some suggestions for improving the writing quality. 6 A1: Thanks for your valuable suggestions! We will revise the manuscript carefully according to your comments. 7 Q2: What about the computational efficiency on GPUs or "tensor processing units"? 8 A2: The empirical runtime on GPUs is very low, which has been reported in Fig.4 of the supplementary material. We 9 optimize the CUDA kernel by parallelizing the algorithm along with batches, channels, and nodes of the same depth. 10 Q3: Why force a closed-form solution? Would it not be better to just use an approximate solution on grid structures? 11 A3: Compared with the iterative optimization process for grid structures, the closed-form solution ensures that the 12 LTF-V2 has a deterministic and negligible computational complexity to obtain the global receptive field. Besides, the 13 low-level applications of tree filter (e.g., stereo matching and image denoising) demonstrate the competitive performance 14 against many energy-optimization based methods. We will add some related experiments in the final version. 15


Prologue 1. Up From Eugenics 2. A New League 3. The Poverty Bomb 4. House on Fire 5. A Great Wave 6. Tarred and Feathered 7. Going Global Index


One of the major Strategic Innovation Theme and corresponding Research Priority for the next years is Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency, according to Euratex. Recently, the European Commission launched the new "Industrial Strategy for a globally competitive, green and digital Europe", that will help deliver on three key priorities: maintaining European industry's global competitiveness and a level playing field, at home and globally, making Europe climate-neutral by 2050 and shaping Europe's digital future. In this context, innovation and market potential of the European textile and clothing industry involve the frequent use of the terms "Circular Economy". Forward, the sector will operate according to a globalised and efficient circular economic model which maximises the use of local resources, exploits advanced manufacturing techniques and engages in cross-sectorial collaborations and strategic clusters. Although the benefits of the circular economy are fairly well understood, in reality there are few industrial examples of companies that have implemented a circular economy paradigm. Circular product design provides long-term sustainability performance for products, by applying the principle of "designing out waste". This paper presents the application of circular product design assessment for clothing, by using two practical tools to assess products' circularity: HotSpot Mapping and Circularity Calculator (developed by Delft University of Technology, Netherlands). Generally, clothing products need major redesign to fit the circular economy, so it is essential to assess the potential of the various circular strategies such as Reuse, Repair, Remanufacture and Recycle.


Excerpt In addition to such well-recognized complications as hypogammaglobulinemia and hemolytic anemia (1-3), diffuse connective tissue disease and other disorders thought to be related to immune ...


The present invention discloses a method for License Plate Recognition stroke Decomposition comprises: font characteristics in accordance with the license plate, the establishment of character recognition rule base; treat license plate image recognition preprocessing, license plate and preprocessing the image binarization operation; the base two of the value of an image on the extracted stroke of the character; and coded character strokes according to the stroke feature stroke information analyzing character obtained; query this character coded according to the character stroke code obtained and character recognition rules established library, to give character recognition results. In Scheme invention, a method of stroke decomposition, the features of each character are summarized, and finally encoded into a character rule base, the rule base does not depend on any set of samples, only depends on the character feature of the font, each characters from a string of binary code to indicate that judgment very quickly, and take up very little memory space, improve work efficiency.


We demonstrate quantum cascade lasers at an emitting wavelength of 4.6μm, which are capable of room temperature, high power continuous wave (cw) operation. Buried ridge geometry with a width of 9.8μm was utilized. A device with a 3mm cavity length that was epilayer-down bonded on a diamond submount exhibited a maximum output power of 1.3W at room temperature in cw operation. The maximum output power at 80K was measured to be 4W, with a wall plug efficiency of 27%.


We report the results of magneto-optical (MO) detection using an optical phase shifter and a deep land/groove disk. We measured the recording characteristics in the direction of incident linear polarization and found that polarization perpendicular to the groove is best for a deep groove disk. Using perpendicular polarization, with a 693 nm wavelength diode laser and a 0.55-NA objective lens, sufficient readout and recording margins to guard against optical errors were obtained by the experiments at an area density of 3.69 Gbit/in2, which was obtained using a 0.35-µm bit length and a 0.5-µm track pitch.


This report examines the need for pilot-scale testing in support of the low-level vitrification facility at Hanford. In addition, the report examines the availability of on-site facilities to contain a pilot-plant. It is recommended that a non-radioactive pilot-plant be operated for extended periods. In addition, it is recommended that two small-scale systems, one processing radioactive waste feed and one processing a simulated waste feed be used for validation of waste simulants. The actual scale of the pilot-plant will be determined from the technologies included in conceptual design of the plant. However, for the purposes of this review, a plant of 5 to 10 metric ton/day of glass production was assumed. It is recommended that a detailed data needs package and integrated flowsheet be developed in FY95 to clearly identify data requirements and identify relationships with other TWRS elements. A pilot-plant will contribute to the reduction of uncertainty in the design and initial operation of the vitrification facility to an acceptable level. Prior to pilot-scale testing, the components will not have been operated as an integrated system and will not have been tested for extended operating periods. Testing for extended periods at pilot-scale will allow verification of the flowsheet including the effects of recycle streams. In addition, extended testing will allow evaluation of wear, corrosion and mechanical reality of individual components, potential accumulations within the components, and the sensitivity of the process to operating conditions. Also, the pilot facility will provide evidence that the facility will meet radioactive and nonradioactive environmental release limits, and increase the confidence in scale-up. The pilot-scale testing data and resulting improvements in the vitrification facility design will reduce the time required for cold chemical testing in the vitrification facility.


This study intends to analyze the initiation of mass production technology and its influence on the machine tool industry in Germany at the end of the 19th century.It is still believed, that at the end of the 19th century, mechanical engineering industry in Germany was technologically far behind as compared with the standard of the USA. The "American system of manufacturing" was often used to emphasize the above notion to prejudge the German machine tool industry. However, it is a question to assess whether the development of the German machine tool industry was far behind than that of America.Even in the USA, the sewing machine, one of the typical product of the "American system, " was made as a hand-made one at the beginning. Sewing machine builders in the USA introduced its mass production upon interchangeable parts in 1870s, after few years of this change, German also began to intoroduce this system. This pattern was also true for industries like bicycle, fire arm and typewriter.In order to make parts for the above machines, it was inevitable to use new kind of machine tools like milling machine or turret lathe. Although these machines were developed by American engineers in the middle of the 19th century, their commercial production commenced even in the USA in the middle of 1860s. After few years later German machine tool builders also started to copy and improve them.In the stage of developing process of the mass production, the machine tool industry played a "convergent" roll not only in the USA but also in Germany. At the beginning of the 20th century, the German machine tool technologies had been developed significantly in order to compete with the American builders in the world market.


P To some extent, the qualities solicited in a newspaper's trade-journal advertisements for an editorial staff position reflect the newspaper staffs professional values. Of course, that is not invariably so; some j o b announcements are essentially mechanical or expedient or both, without profundity. But many job announcements can be presumed to reflect newspaper policy and practice, and by inference, professionalism. I f this is so, what are the professional values suggested by the advertisements? Experience? Education? Thoughtfulness? Generality? Breadth? Growth? Success? Tenacity? Industriousness? All or none of the above?


The method of optimization vibroprotection on reliability for nonlinear support of the deep equipment with application of the theory of emissions at casual vibration is considered. Such problems arise at an estimation of working capacity of hydraulic engines, submersible elec-tro centrifugal pumps. Influence of a spectrum white noise and a narrow-band spectrum is considered. Change of number o f emissions depending on own frequency, weights and damping properties of the equipment is analyzed.


I derive a production-based asset pricing formula to infer aggregate stock market returns from macroeconomic time series when the technology is putty-clay. Capital heterogeneity leads to variation in the aggregate stock market value through a new compositional e¤ect. The asset pricing formula, which holds regardless of the stochastic discount factor, predicts that the stock market value is high when the ratio of investment to gross job creation is low. This contrasts with the adjustment cost model which predicts that the stock market value is high when the investment-capital ratio is high. Incorporating the putty-clay technology substantially increases the ability of the adjustment cost model to match the data on U.S. stock returns.


A linearly damped model, based on the application of Newton's second law, was applied to predict the closing time for a springless flapper valve. Viscous damping forces were assumed to be a linear function of the flapper velocity. The model predictions, including a delay time to account for the pressure lag at the flapper valve, were in good agreement with experimental data for a pulse combustor flapper valve. Agreement was obtained by adjusting the dimensionless damping coefficient; however, data for two flappers, which differed only in mass, were found to require different values of the dimensionless damping coefficient. It was concluded that a universal dimensionless damping coefficient can not be determined; therefore, experimental investigations would be necessary to determine the coefficient for a given valve geometry. The potential danger of using a linearly damped model with an incorrect value of the damping coefficient is demonstrated by the range of closing times presented. The present study should be a useful contribution to future modeling of flapper valves and other springless valves. NOMENCLATURE Aeff effective force area of flapper [m] X dimensionless displacement (x/xm"') D damping coefficient [kg/s] X dimensionless velocity ( dx/d't) f('t) function of dimensionless time, 't X dimensionless acceleration (dx;/d-r) m mass of flapper [kg] p pressure [Pa] "' dimensionless pressure parameter time [s] (J) angular frequency [rad/s] X displacement of flapper [m] Subscripts: X. velocity of flapper (dx/dt) [m/s] a amplitude X acceleration of flapper (dx/dt) [m/s] c combustion chamber, closing ~ dimensionless pressure ratio (P miP .) eff effective 0 dimensionless damping coefficient (D/mro) m mean 't dimensionless time (tro) max maximum ljl phase angle [rad] u upstream (intake decoupler or atmospheric) INTRODUCTION An analytical investigation of a linearly damped motion model was undertaken in order to determine the suitability of the model for predicting the closing times of springless flapper valves. The specific application investigated was the air flapper valve in a Helmholtz type pulse combustor. The pulse combustor operation is characterized by a periodic combustion process that drives and is in phase with a fluctuating pressure. The fluctuating pressure forces the combustion products out of the combustor and draws reactants into the combustor. The flapper valves limit back flow during the high pressure portion of the cycle and allow inflow of reactants (air and fuel) during the low pressure portion of the cycle. The primary characteristic of the valve is that it is pressure driven both during closing and opening. Previous research related to flapper valves has been limited. Numerous studies of compressor valves have been conducted; however, these studies have focused primarily on reed valves and spring loaded valves, both of which have restoring forces which result in different behavior. Several investigators have formulated models to predict the motion of flapper valves, but none of these efforts has included comparison with experimental measurements of the actual flapper motion. The present study provides a critical evaluation of a linearly damped model used to predict the closing motion of springless valves. The results of this study should be applicable to other pressure driven valves (i.e., springless ring type compressor valves).


The purpose of this study is to illustrate ways in which Discourse Analysis (DA) looks at the Preah Vihear issue written in the news articles of the main English newspaper of Cambodia, The Phnom Penh Post, from July to October 2008. This period is selected for the study because the situational conflict between Cambodia and Thailand concerning the Preah Vihear Temple affected most citizens and the images of both countries. Further, the conflict also greatly concerned other ASEAN countries, as well as those worldwide. The researcher beleives that the news presentation on this issue written by the Phnom Penh Post is one of the key factors which influenced the readers' perception and reaction in both countries. Attitude domain—one of the semantic domains of the Appraisal framework (Martin & White, 2005) is selected to uncover the underlying meaning in the texts of the newspaper to indicate how discourses were constructed and the selected discourse semantic categories work under the themes that are set. The results of the study reveal through the linguistic features which are analyzed and classified into the three discourse patterns under the three themes set that Thailand is evaluated negatively compared with Cambodia which is evaluated positively. Keywords: Discourse Analysis, Newspapers, Preah Vihear, Appraisal, Attitude Domain


The literature on foreign direct investments (FDI) is dominated by economists, particularly business economists. This is only natural; after all these investments have to a large extent been driven by economic factors. The bulk of the economics literature on FDI also privileges rationalist accounts of investment decisions, emphasizing efficiency and planning operations according to the logic of expected outcomes, for example in terms of maximization of expected profits. Again we find such emphasis mostly rather appropriate and therefore quite natural. It may, however, prevent important elements in non-rationalist perspectives and a different logic from being considered when one attempts to explain or understand investment behaviour. 1 More specifically and more importantly for our case, it may overlook the role of political, institutional and broad societal factors when FDI is considered and consideration moreover is oriented towards maintaining or expanding investments done. Political and institutional factors are among others the type and legitimacy of the national governance system, the status of human rights including the rights of labour, corruption, property rights and the rule of law. Social factors relate mainly to distributive issues, but they might also both affect and be affected by geographical localisation of FDI within the host country. We submit that such factors are important, in some areas and respects perhaps increasingly so as Norwegian FDI have become more diversified. They can of course also be


The Pinoleville-Pomo Nation of northern California is seeking to implement sustainable technologies and best practices that will increase their self sufficiency and meet their housing, energy, and water conservation needs. Since 2008, the Tribe has worked with UC Berkeley on sustainable community projects, including the design of a prototype "roundhouse" design, to be constructed in 2010 in Ukiah, California. Using an energy-efficient architecture and an analysis tool for selection of the engineered systems (the Native American Energy Analysis Tool, or NAEPA), the new homes are predicted to emit less than 50% of the carbon emissions over their lifetime, and have lower lifetime energy expenditures. The design methodology, energy analyses and life cycle assessment used by NAEPA will be discussed. Extensions to community-based housing energy plans and an optimization will also be discussed.


The manual configuration of today's autonomous systems for new tasks is becoming increasingly difficult due to their complexity. One solution to this problem is to use planning algorithms that can automatically synthesize suitable data processing pipelines for the task at hand and thus simplify the configuration. Planners usually rely on models, which are created manually based on already existing methods. These methods are often provided as part of domain specific code libraries. Therefore, using existing planners on new domains requires the manual creation of models based on the methods provided by other libraries. To facilitate this, we propose a system that generates an abstract semantic model from C++ libraries automatically. The necessary information is extracted from the library using a combination of static source code analysis to analyze its header files and natural language processing (NLP) to analyze its official documentation. We evaluate our approach on the perception domain with two popular libraries: HALCON and OpenCV. We also outline how the extracted models can be used to configure data processing pipelines for the perception domain automatically by using an existing planner.


The authors review selected topics in the development of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H), from its emergence some 50 years ago to its present status as a mature thin‐film semiconductor, with market successes including flat‐panel displays, solar modules, and x‐ray scanners. By altering process gas mixtures and deposition conditions, films with a range of atomic, structural, and amorphous/crystalline phase compositions may be deposited, offering tunable bandgap, refractive index, and light‐scattering properties. Films thus "functionalized" have greatly increased scope and utility. Three emerging applications are reported, and more extensive sections on two topics of current importance are presented: 1) Multi‐junction thin film silicon solar cells for water splitting applications; and 2) thin‐film silicon solar cells on flexible substrates.


Objective To create a quick and effective psychological evaluation special technology in flight personnel after accident through the quantitative research of accident flight crew psychological situation. Methods The epidemiological survey,post-traumatic stress symptoms self-evaluation and mental health evaluation were performed in 580 pilots. Results Through the epidemiology investigation screening accident experience and self-evaluation affect 251 cases.The pilots were divided into three categories according to the psychological traits.Among 51 cases of positive PTSD-SS,34 cases were confirmed by clinical physicians.There were 28 cases of overreaction type.The coincidence rate was 82.4%. Conclusion Psychological test evaluation result and clinical diagnosis has good uniformity.Through the three levels screenings and confirmatory study to create a special technology about psychological evaluation for flight personnel after accident has important clinical significance for flight and combat training.


P and P0 matrices have a long history and wide applications. A symmetric matrix is a P (P0) matrix if and only if it is positive (semi-)definite. In this paper, we extend the concept of P and P0 matrices to P and P0 tensors. We show that a symmetric tensor is a P (P0) tensor if and only if it is positive (semi-)definite. We show that every principal sub-tensor of a P (P0) tensor is still a P (P0) tensor, and give some sufficient and necessary conditions for a tensor to be a P (P0) tensor. The class of B matrices is a subclass of P matrices. We extend the concept of B matrices to B and B0 tensors. It is easily checkable if a given tensor is a B or B0 tensor or not. We show that a Z tensor is diagonally dominated if and only if its is also a B0 tensor. The potential links of P, P0, B and B0 tensors with optimization, nonlinear equations, nonlinear complementarity problems, variational inequalities and the nonnegative tensor theory


The analysis of scientific trends we present here is intended as an initial ele ment in the development of indicators for science and technology policymaking. New science indicators are becoming in creasingly necessary, especially to explore the variables that could affect economic competitiveness. Because publications are a major imme diate outcome of scientific enterprise, we chose to quantify certain publication trends. We analyzed the recent publica tions output of five leading scientific nations—the United States, Japan, United Kingdom, U.S.S.R., and West Germany. The focus was on seven areas of materials research, which are identified later and also listed in Table III. Analysis of the number of journal publi cations and conference papers in seven ar eas of materials research, originating in five leading scientific nations, indicated the fol lowing:


Cognitive Radio (CR) relies on spectrum sensing to find spectral "white spaces" in which to conduct opportunistic communication. While classical energy detection (ED) performs better and faster at high SNR and whose performance is poor at low SNR, Matched filet detection approach, cyclostationary and Eigen value-based approaches function well for lower SNR, although application complication is considerable. This is based on a decade-long investigation into spectrum sensing. A unique twostage spectrum sensing method based on ED at first stage and the matched filter detection (MF) second stage is proposed in the work. The same is compared with the existing twostage Spectrum Sensing ED and CD, and also with single stage spectrum sensing techniques such as ED and MF. The simulations results clearly indicate that the proposed system offers better Probability of detection ($P_{d}$) and low Probability of false alarm ($P_{fa}$) in comparison with the existing twostage and classical single stage techniques at low SNR values.


Abstract : The analytical study in this volume was carried out to determine the susceptibility of helicopter rotor blades to a stall flutter instability. This analysis was based on the use of unsteady aerodynamic data previously obtained for an NACA 0012 airfoil oscillating in pitch about its quarter-chord over a wide range of values of incidence angle, oscillatory frequency, amplitude of motion, and free-stream velocity. These data were originally available in the form of moment coefficient-incidence angle loops, and a twofold task was performed in carrying out this study. First, it was necessary to convert the moment coefficient data to an aerodynamic damping parameter form. This was accomplished by integrating the moment over one cycle of motion to yield the aerodynamic work per cycle, and this in turn was multiplied by appropriate conversion factors to produce the desired two-dimensional aerodynamic damping. Second, it was necessary to apply these two-dimensional results to a helicopter rotor to evaluate the weighted three-dimensional damping at each azimuth station, and to interpret the implications of any predicted region of instability. The stall flutter analysis was used in conjunction with the blade motion solution of Volume I to provide flight condition boundaries for stall flutter intensity.


Simultaneous use of N-hydroxysuccinimide (HOSu) and CuCl2 with a HOSu-based uronium coupling reagent, O-(N-succinimidyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, has been found to eliminate the racemization of the carboxy-terminal N-methylamino acid residue during the segment condensation.


Intended for classroom use only, these unpublished notes contain computer lessons on descriptive statistics using SPSS-X Release 3.0 for VAX/UNIX. Statistical measures covered include Chi-square analysis; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; Student's t-test with two independent samples; Student's t-test with a paired sample; One-way analysis of variance, with Tukey mean comparison; Two-way analysis of variance; and Pearson's product moment coefficient of correlation. (ALF) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***;c*******************************************************************


Objective: To determine if mexiletine is effective therapy for myotonia in patients with Non-Dystrophic Myotonia (NDM). Background NDM results from rare mutations of muscle sodium and chloride channels. Patients experience delayed muscle relaxation following contraction and functionally limiting stiffness and pain. Mexiletine, a class 1B antiarrhythmic medication with a high affinity for muscle sodium channels, may reduce myotonia in NDM. Design/Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross over trial of mexiletine 200 mg three times daily in 59 patients with NDM at 7 centers in 4 countries. Each treatment period was 4 weeks, separated by a 1 week wash-out. The primary outcome was patient reported stiffness on an interactive voice response diary (IVR). Secondary endpoints included changes in pain, weakness, and tiredness on the IVR, SF-36, INQoL, clinical myotonia assessment, electrophysiological short and long exercise testing, quantitative grip myotonia, and needle EMG. Results: Last year we reported mexiletine provides major benefit for all symptoms of myotonia on the IVR and SF-36 quality of life measures, without study-related serious adverse events. Here we report mexiletine improves symptoms and signs of myotonia: (1) For almost all subdomains on the INQoL, most notably in muscle locking and perceived treatment effects; (2) Reduces time to open the eyes (-0.75 seconds, p=0.0008) and fist (-1.32 seconds, p Conclusions: Mexiletine at a dose of 200 mg three times daily is effective therapy for symptoms and signs of myotonia in patients with NDM. Supported by: FDA Orphan Products Division grant# RO1 FD003454 and the NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant# U54 NS059065-05S1. Disclosure: Dr. Statland has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salajegheh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bundy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raja Rayan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trivedi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sansone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Venance has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation. Dr. Ciafaloni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matthews has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meola has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zanolini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ciocca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herbelin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Griggs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barohn has received personal compensation for activities with Talecris Biotherapeutics, Genzyme Corporation and Speakers Bureau. Dr. Barohn has received research support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Hanna has nothing to disclose. The Consortium for Clinical Investigation of Neurologic Channelopathies has nothing to disclose.


Aiming at the increasing application demand of RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) technology,an embedded system schematic diagram for RFID Ethernet-card reader is designed,which is based on S3C44B0X.The design includes circuit schemat-ic diagram of master controller unit,memorizer unit,Ethernet controller unit,RFID reader unit etc,and their key components are analyzed.Based on the system schematic diagram RFID Ethernet-card reader operates steadily,when testing it.


For the past several decades, both species biodiversity and productivity of desert steppe have been reduced due to excessive use and climate factors. To counteract this, Chinese government has supported large-scale grassland ecological restoration programs since the year 2000. The policy needs a standard for the evaluation of the effects of such restorative measures on the grasslands after decades. Grassland insect diversity plays an important role in the maintenance of plant species and functional diversity. To understand the relation of grazing management and insect diversity, we use a complete two factor design, two fencing periods (3 or 7 years) and three grazing intensities (0, 6, or 12 sheep per ha), to examine the response of the insect diversity to fencing and grazing in desert steppe. We found almost no significant differences in either plant or insect species diversity between the sites fenced for 3 and 7 years, as the pressure of grazing increased, insect diversity decreased to a greater extent at 7-year enclosure sites than at 3-year sites. We recommend the most suitable grazing intensity for the sustainability of biodiversity of the desert steppe in Inner Mongolia is light grazing (8 sheep/ha 0.5 yr−1), and the most suitable fencing period is three years, which suggest that policies that remove livestock from the desert grassland for long periods (7 + years) are not beneficial for maintaining insect diversity, and heavy grazing lead ecological environment weaker and insect diversity decreasing. Thus, periodic livestock grazing is important in the design of management actions to preserve biodiversity.


The power multi-enterprise installation management system is a kind of management system used in the power multi-enterprise.Now the existed system was implemented based on the FoxPro database.With the development of the power system and the expanding of the power Muti-management enterprise,this system can not satisfy the need of market.In practice,there are three defects in maneuverability,real-time response,and maintainability.This paper presents a method of power system based on Web technology with B/S mode.Web technology,system integration,database and so on are used in this system.The management process in the power Muti-management installation system is implemented in scientific method.This system not only makes a great improvement in maneuverability,real-time response,and maintainability,but also has good security.


This paper presents an efficient IrisCode classifier, built from phase features which uses AdaBoost for the selection of Gabor wavelets bandwidths. The final iris classifier consists of a weighted contribution of weak classifiers. As weak classifiers we use 3-split decision trees that identify a candidate based on the Levenshtein distance between phase vectors of the respective iris images. Our experiments show that the Levenshtein distance has better discrimination in comparing IrisCodes than the Hamming distance. Our process also differs from existing methods because the wavelengths of the Gabor filters used, and their final weights in the decision function, are chosen from the robust final classifier, instead of being fixed and/or limited by the programmer, thus yielding higher iris recognition rates. A pyramidal strategy for cascading filters with increasing complexity makes the system suitable for realtime operation.


With the increasing vulnerability of groundwater resources, especially in coastal regions, there is a growing need to monitor changes in groundwater storage (GWS). Estimations of GWS have been conducted extensively at regional to global scales using GRACE and GRACE-FO observations. The major goal of this study was to evaluate the applicability of uninterrupted monthly GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage (TWSGRACE) records in facilitating detection of long- and short-term hydroclimatic events affecting the GWS in a coastal area. The TWSGRACE data gap was filled with reconstructed values from multi-linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) models and used to estimate changes in GWS in the Texas coastal region (Gulf Coast and Carrizo–Wilcox Aquifers) between 2002 and 2019. The reconstructed TWSGRACE, along with soil moisture storage (SMS) from land surface models (LSMs), and surface water storage (SWS) were used to estimate the GRACE-derived GWS (GWSGRACE), validated against the GWS estimated from groundwater level observations (GWSwell) and extreme hydroclimatic event records. The results of this study show: (1) Good agreement between the predicted TWSGRACE data gaps from the MLR and ANN models with high accuracy of predictions; (2) good agreement between the GWSGRACE and GWSwell records (CC = 0.56, p-value < 0.01) for the 2011–2019 period for which continuous GWLwell data exists, thus validating the approach and increasing confidence in using the reconstructed TWSGRACE data to monitor coastal GWS; (3) a significant decline in the coastal GWSGRACE, at a rate of 0.35 ± 0.078 km3·yr−1 (p-value < 0.01), for the 2002–2019 period; and (4) the reliable applicability of GWSGRACE records in detecting multi-year drought and wet periods with good accuracy: Two drought periods were identified between 2005–2006 and 2010–2015, with significant respective depletion rates of −8.9 ± 0.95 km3·yr−1 and −2.67 ± 0.44 km3·yr−1 and one wet period between 2007 and 2010 with a significant increasing rate of 2.6 ± 0.63 km3·yr−1. Thus, this study provides a reliable approach to examine the long- and short-term trends in GWS in response to changing climate conditions with significant implications for water management practices and improved decision-making capabilities.


In 2013 the World Council of Churches published two important documents, one on the church and one on mission. Beginning with the conviction that ecclesiology has to be missiological and missiology ecclesiological, this article reads each document from the basic perspective of the other. This reading is followed by a constructive critique from the author's perspective as a Roman Catholic missionary ecclesiologist.


Lupus nephritis ( LN ) remains one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ) [ 1 ]. Available treatments have demonstrated a limited response rate [ 2 ]. Impor-tantly, irreversible kidney damage can be seen in biopsies from patients with LN despite receiving standard immunosuppressive treatment [ 3 ]. B cells are a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of LN. Their role does not end with autoantibodies production—B cells also act as antigen-presenting cells, promote differentiation and activation of T cells, and secrete cytokines that promote the maturation of naïve B cells into memory or plasma cells, among others [ 2 ]. In 2011, Chang et al . showed clonal expansion of B cells in LN kidney biopsies and T cell:B cell aggregates that correlate with immune complexes deposition [ 4 ]. Despite the important role of B cells in LN, the LUNAR ( Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab ) and BELONG ( A Study to Evaluate Ocrelizumab in Patients With Nephritis Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus


Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared through solvo-thermal method for further heat transfer applications. TEM, XRD, TGA, and VSM were applied to characterize the obtained nanoparticles. XRD pattern confirmed that nanoparticles were composed of 6-nm crystallites; however, TEM images showed the formation of ca. 75-nm highly dispersed magnetite clusters, made up of about 6-nm nanoparticles. Since, VSM analysis confirmed the superparamagnetic characteristics of Fe3O4 nanoclusters, heat transfer properties of the resulting nanofluids were studied to investigate the influence of the magnetic field on the behavior of the magnetite-based nanofluids. The findings indicated that the convective heat transfer coefficient increased up to 48% and 15%, respectively, for nanofluids containing 0.005 wt% magnetite particles dispersed in water and EG, when the frequency of the alternating magnetic field was changed from 50 Hz to 1 MHz. According to the results, compared to the water-based nanofluids, at higher field amplitudes, the h enhancements of EG-based ones were more pronounced, for instance, at H 0 = 36,000 A/m, the h measurements are augmented by about 74% and 109%, respectively, compared to the water and EG as the base fluids. These findings could be explained by the use of specific lost powers of the nanofluids in the exposure of an external alternating magnetic field.


A 10-year-old boy was born 3.7 kg and had normal milestones. He was a bright, intelligent child, 146 cm tall, and was already in Grade 4. One day he complained to his parents of slight heaviness in his back. He quickly developed a gross, painless swelling of his lower lumbar and upper sacral region. He had noticeably lost height on the day the swelling first presented and he was measured at 135 cm, a loss of 11 cm. He could not stand straight but stood with his lumbar spine flexed about 15. For a further week he continued to play at home and went to school as there was no pain. Where he lived the X-ray service was out of order and so no X-rays were performed and a diagnosis of a sprained back was initially entertained. After a week he was kept home on strict bed rest but there was no change. Within 2 weeks he developed a weakness of his right leg and started to feel some pain in the lumbar region. A week later he had weakness of both lower limbs. Within a month he lost control of his bladder and bowels and was transferred, at his family's expense, to Port Moresby. The CT (computed tomography) scanner was down and so a myelogram was attempted but without success. By then he was in severe pain and paralysed in both lower limbs and so was taken to Townsville where a CT scan, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and biopsy (under CT guidance) were performed, revealing a rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar type. The tumour was advanced and already at Stage IV; it had spread around his lumbar spine and to the thoracic spine. The tumour was considered suitable only for palliation. The paediatricians in the Madang Base Hospital agreed to give palliative chemotherapy, some 5 months after the onset of symptoms. The mass disappeared, his pain disappeared and he was able to live happily for a year, even returning to school in a wheel chair. He received 5 more courses and enjoyed almost a year of good quality life. After 11 months he developed neck stiffness and vomiting, followed in a few days by deafness and a few days more by blindness. He was otherwise fully conscious, able to talk and had no difficulty with swallowing. A month later he developed respiratory distress and succumbed 12 months after his chemotherapy had begun.


—In this paper, we describe a tool, called Anacˆe 1 , to draw phylogenetic trees in diverse topologies. Available via Web service, and developed in Scala, this tool can be used in any computational platform in the interactive form or as subprograms in any application or programming language. The generated trees is exported in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) image formats that are independent of computational plat-forms. The tool easily draws trees from the distinct forms of tree's representation, generated by other software. It is meant to be used by researchers and as a learning tool.


Jessica Corner, vice-chair, Council of Deans of Health: 'We have always had a problem securing the right number and quality of placements. If we do not think [mentorship] is good now, it could get worse as funding for training and education, particularly for continuing professional development, is cut.'


The recent outbreak of Covid-19 has infected the world at an incredible speed. While there are many similarities across countries in terms of the characteristics of the epidemic spread, there are also large differences across regions. In this paper, we examine regional variation in the outbreak across continental France. We use information on the number of deaths and discharged patients from Covid-19 and socio-economic variables at the department level. Controlling for other factors, we corroborate existing evidence that, unfortunately, inequality kills: departments with more inequality face a higher incidence rate of the disease, expressed as the number of deaths and discharged (gravely ill) patients. Using covariance analysis combining both deaths and releases, we find no statistically differential relationship across factors that contribute to deaths or recoveries.


On the basis of analysis of traditional discrete cellular automata and Agent-based models, a simulation model has been improved and optimized. The model combines method of the traditional discrete cellular model's investigation on the surrounding environment with the idea of describing individual behavior by the Agent model. Fully considering the escaping individuals' difference and taking into account the respective sense, the adjacent persons' behavior, the person density and the environment simulates, reflect the process of evacuation accurately. By the crowd evacuation model simulation of a supermarket, the outcome of the simulation is explicitly analyzed and studied, which proved the rationality and applicability of the model.


A fluctuating hydrodynamics approach is presented for the calculation of the structure factor for imedependentnonequilibrium diffusive processes in binary liquid mixtures. The hydrodynamic equations are linearized around the time-dependent macroscopic state given by the usual phenomenological diffusion equation. The cases of free diffusion, thermal diffusion, and barodiffusion are considered in detail. The results are used to describe the low-angle scattered intensity distributions from the time-dependent concentration profiles during the approach to steady state. The theoretical predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data from thermal diffusion and free diffusion experiments. It is shown that in general the presence of nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations yields a substantial increase in the static structure factor over the equilibrium value, at least for the cases of free diffusion and thermal diffusion. As in the case of nonequilibrium fluctuations at steady state, the static structure factor displays a fast k divergence at larger wave vectors k, and saturation to a constant value for k smaller than a critical wave vector kRO. It is also shown that the static structure factor from a sedimenting mixture is actually temporarily lowered below the equilibrium value for k smaller thankRO. As the steady state is approached, the structure factor loses any k dependence and it attains the equilibrium value.@S1063-651X~98!14910-3#


Introduces two kinds of Cournot models under complete and incomplete information of game theory, and its extension Stackelberg model. Gives out the solutions and common results of the first and the third model. Using examples to illustrate the applications of each model among enterprises, through analysis of comparison, points out the different results from different model and its significance to enconomy.


Tracking one possible mode of survival for a fin-de-siecle "female Aesthete," Talia Schaffer has drawn our attention to one very prominent editor, critic, and poet—Alice Meynell. Even as Meynell wrote avant-garde cultural criticism, she allowed and encouraged textual figurations of herself as a chaste paragon, in works by such high-profile friends as Coventry Patmore, Francis Thompson, and George Meredith. In Meynell's day, Schaffer says, this strategy provided "cover" for an unconventional career, but backfired in the twentieth century as Modernists mistook the rhetoric for the truth, seeing the pious persona for the person, and dismissing Meynell as out-of-date. Schaffer insists, though, that, on the contrary, this fictionalized, "angel in the house" ideal of Meynell was only a necessary evil, and must not be allowed to cloud our understanding of the career that it helped enable.Meynell is surely as important as Schaffer says she is, but what if her "piety" is more complex? Scholars like Francis O'Gorman have shown in recent years that late nineteenth-century cultural criticism, like that of John Ruskin and others, used religious rhetoric strategically to critique the increasing authority of normative, positivistic narratives of human development. What if Meynell's pious rhetoric—and even the figurations of herself which she cultivated in the works of others—were part of a similar enterprise? Drawing on Meynell's unpublished letters at Boston College's Burns Library, her little-known late works, and Merry England, one of the publications which Meynell co-edited with her husband, I show that her use and defense of religious rhetoric was part of a strategic response to the emerging empiricist narratives of human being. Censured in print by education experts, Meynell models for us a distinctive cultural criticism which engages religious thought and the humanities to show up the limits of empiricism.


The NOEMA (Northern Extended Millimeter Array) Interferometer is a Radio-Astronomical Observatory composed of ten 15-m Antennas (two additional antennas are also being constructed) located on the Plateau de Bure, in the French South Alps. Each of these antennas is equipped with a cryogenic millimeter wave heterodyne quadri-band receiver, covering frequencies from 72GHz to 365GHz. This receiver is composed of four dual-polarizations state-of-the-art side band separating SIS (Supraconductor-Insulator-Supraconductor) modules delivering (for each side band) 4-12GHz IF signals. The four modules covers respectively the 72-116GHz (band 1); 127-179GHz (band 2); 200276GHz (band 3) and 276-365GHz (band 4) bands, and each of the four beams currently looks at a different region of the sky. A future major upgrade planned for these receivers is to combine the 72-116GHz and the 200-276GHz beams with a dichroic filter to enable these two beams to observe simultaneously the same region of the sky. For that purpose IRAM begins to develop in house broadband low loss dichroic filters. Dichroic filters should behave as reflecting mirrors for some wavelengths, and should be transparent for other wavelengths. The dichroic filters currently designed are band-pass: they are designed to transmit the 72116GHz band and to reflect the 200-276GHz band. As NOEMA receivers are very sensitive, the dichroic must introduce as lower losses as possible into the system. The dichroics we developed are made out of several metal layers of periodic structures (square patches and grids), printed on two inches and four inches quartz substrates, and assembled together in a clamp. We present the design, simulations, manufacture process and test results of these dichroic filters.


The invention relates to a self-emulsifying micro-emulsion composition, a preparation method and the usage thereof, aiming at solving the problem of bioavailability of insoluble medicine. The invention can avoid or reduce degradation and damage of the medicine in gastrointestinal tract, thus improving digestion and absorption of the medicine. The self-emulsifying micro-emulsion composition contains active ingredients, emulsifying agent, auxiliary emulsifying agent and oil phase, is applicable to the medicine with poor water solubility, can promote the medicine to be absorbed and reduce the toxic and side effect of the medicine, and also has the protection function for the medicine with poor stability. The animal gastrointestinal tract irritant experiment proves that the self-emulsifying micro-emulsion composition has no stimulation for the gastrointestinal tract. The animal pharmacokinetics experiment proves that the self-emulsifying micro-emulsion composition can be rapidly absorbed,has rapid distribution speed towards all tissues, and can quickly reach the tumor tissue to take effect.


Purpose – The popularity and persistence of Blogshops raises ethical issues regarding the presentation of the female teenage owners' "self" to others and the relationship they maintain with buyers and other owners.Design/methodology/approach – This ongoing observational study of Singaporean Blogshops reveals a layered and interrelated typology of alternative e‐commerce activities that critiques many of the myths associated with e‐commerce particularly the extent and manner in which it can empower consumers.Findings – It is argued that Blogshops represent a new formulation of e‐commerce practice that draws upon a rich assemblage that includes readily available and popular digital technologies and an efficient urban public transport system.Research limitations/implications – This study is primarily emic in perspective and requires complementary ethnographic research among Blogshopowners and buyers – specifically female teenage Singaporeans.Originality/value – The present study introduces the phenomenon of B...