This paper considers waveform design for collocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar based on constant envelop (CE) constraint by taking advantage of the Riemannian manifold method. Using the characteristic of the CE constraint, we remodel the original optimization problem as an unconstrained optimization problem on the Riemannian manifold. Then, by exploiting Riemannian trust region manifold, the problem can be solved iteratively. Finally, the optimized waveform can be efficiently generated. Numerical results show the proposed method can suppress interference more heavily and achieve higher SINR compared with the counterparts.


Reference: M Wollstonecraft, 1788, Thoughts on the education of daughters, W Sleater, Dublin. Quotes: p. 86 Many ladies are delicately miserable Back of card. Reference continued: [378] The pure animal spirits which make both mind and ...


To predict the degradation of the MOSFET( metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) device under the influence of the hot carrier effect,a reliability SPICE( simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis) model describing the hot carrier effect of MOSFET device is built.First,the substrate current model in the BSIM3v3 model is improved,making the fitting accuracy higher than 95%. Then,taking the Hu model as the main theoretical basis,the device degradation model of electrical parameters under DC( direct current) stress is set up according to the physical meaning of all the parameters in the BSIM3v3 model and physical mechanism affected by the hot carrier effect. Finally,according to the quasi-static method,this model is applied to the hot carrier AC model. The experimental data showthat the root mean square errors between the simulation results and the measured results are 3. 8% and 4. 5% under DC stress and AC stress,respectively.Therefore,the reliability SPICE model can not only accurately reflect the degradation of electrical parameters of the MOSFET under the stress,but also provide a foundation for simulating the performance degradation of the related complete circuit.


IRIG-B code is an universal format of time code in the world and is widely used in timing systems.According to the characteristics of IRIG-B code modulation,a decoding plan based on FPGA is introduced with emphases on how to extract the synchronous second signal accurately from the synchronous timing sequency and how to get the time information included in the B code.The whole project is designed by using Verilog HDL and has been implemented successfully with the results shown.


The option to establish a vegetation cover over a rock cover to stabilize processed kimberlite tailings after diamond extraction has prompted revegetation research at the Ekati Diamond Mine™ in the Canadian sub-arctic barrenlands. Laboratory testing has shown coarse texture, no organic component and lack of available macronutrients to be the principal limitations to plant colonization. This study aims to ameliorate these plant growth limitations to establish a permanent self-sustaining vegetation cover on the Ekati kimberlite tailings containment area, stabilizing the surface materials and promoting natural colonization by the surrounding tundra vegetation. With the addition of structural improving and nutrient providing amendments, plant growth on these kimberlite tailings has shown promise. Successful amendment combinations have included peat moss or papermill waste in combination with biosolids from the mine site and/or fertilizer. The Ekati Diamond Mine™ processed kimberlite tailings have several limitations in relation to plant growth including course texture, no organic component (poor water and nutrient holding capacities), low macronutrients and an unbalanced calcium magnesium fraction. Amelioration of these poor growing conditions through the testing of several different amendment materials is the main focus of these reclamation efforts. Peat, lake sediment, mine biosolids, papermill waste, Agri-boost (commercial soil conditioner), fertilizer and three calcium sources (gypsum, rock phosphate, calcium carbonate) are being evaluated at different rates, alone and in combination, in relation to improving these kimberlite tailings as a plant growth medium.


Significance Predictable evolutionary trends illuminate mechanisms that affect the diversity of traits and species on the tree of life. We show that when birds colonize islands, they undergo predictable changes in body shape. Small-island bird populations evolve smaller flight muscles and longer legs. These shifts in investment from wings to legs, although often subtle, are qualitatively similar to changes that have occurred in flightless bird lineages. Islands with fewer predator species were associated with more dramatic shifts toward flightlessness, implicating reduced predation pressure as the most likely cause of this trend. These predictable evolutionary changes likely exacerbate the vulnerability of flighted island birds to introduced predators and reduce the potential for small-island species to give rise to subsequent radiations. Birds are prolific colonists of islands, where they readily evolve distinct forms. Identifying predictable, directional patterns of evolutionary change in island birds, however, has proved challenging. The "island rule" predicts that island species evolve toward intermediate sizes, but its general applicability to birds is questionable. However, convergent evolution has clearly occurred in the island bird lineages that have undergone transitions to secondary flightlessness, a process involving drastic reduction of the flight muscles and enlargement of the hindlimbs. Here, we investigated whether volant island bird populations tend to change shape in a way that converges subtly on the flightless form. We found that island bird species have evolved smaller flight muscles than their continental relatives. Furthermore, in 366 populations of Caribbean and Pacific birds, smaller flight muscles and longer legs evolved in response to increasing insularity and, strikingly, the scarcity of avian and mammalian predators. On smaller islands with fewer predators, birds exhibited shifts in investment from forelimbs to hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar to anatomical rearrangements observed in flightless birds. These findings suggest that island bird populations tend to evolve on a trajectory toward flightlessness, even if most remain volant. This pattern was consistent across nine families and four orders that vary in lifestyle, foraging behavior, flight style, and body size. These predictable shifts in avian morphology may reduce the physical capacity for escape via flight and diminish the potential for small-island taxa to diversify via dispersal.


Using a dynamic systems model for the Simple Genetic Algorithm due to Vose, we analyze the fixed point behavior of the model without crossover applied to functions of unitation. Unitation functions are simplified fitness functions that reduce the search space into a smaller number of equivalence classes. This reduction allows easier computation of fixed points. The effect of model fixed points that are outside of the population space, but near enough to influence behavior of the Simple GA will be examined. This analysis will be applied to several fitness functions of unitation.


The crystal structure of the proteasome suggests that degradation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates is achieved by unfolding the protein substrate and translocating it through a channel into a peptidase-containing chamber. The specificity pockets of intestinal proteases such as trypsin have long guided thinking about selectivity in proteolysis. Using the polypeptide ubiquitin to tag proteins for degradation has, by contrast, seemed a rather baroque approach to the problem of substrate discrimination. We now know that ubiquitination accounts for the turnover of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p53, c-Jun and other oncoproteins [1,2]. However, it has remained unclear why, of the many known proteolytic mechanisms, only this one has evolved a tagging step. Recent studies of the 26S protease, a 2 megadalton complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins, have pointed to an elegant explanation [3]. The ability of the 26S protease to degrade proteins generally depends on both the ubiquitination of the substrate and the presence of ATP. There are, however, exceptions. Studies of ornithine decarboxylase showed that these requirements can be uncoupled: its degradation requires ATP but not ubiquitin [4]. Moreover, oligopeptide degradation requires neither ubiquitin nor ATP. Based on the crystal structure of the catalytic core of the 26S protease [3], these disparate observations can be reconciled by postulating that ubiquitin and ATP act in different ways to promote the passage of substrates through the 'mol-ecular sieve'. At the distal end of the sieve are the pro-teolytic active sites that degrade the protein. It is the ability of a protein to pass through the sieve, therefore, that may qualify it as a substrate. The catalytic core of the 26S protease is a 20S particle known as the proteasome (Fig. 1). Although the chemistry of degradation occurs in this complex, isolated pro-teasomes are inactive on physiological substrates and their activity is not stimulated by either ATP or ubiqui-tin [5]. The ability of the proteasome to degrade physiological substrates is restored by a complex known as the 19S particle (Fig. 1) [5-8]. A specific subunit of the 19S particle appears to mediate recognition of ubiquitin-protein conjugates [9]; this subunit (S5) binds polymers of ubiquitin even when they have not been linked to any substrate. Such binding events, which presumably initiate the degradative process, appear to be ATP-independent, as is the final event of peptide-bond cleavage. The ATP-dependence of 26S function may therefore reflect an intermediate step in the mechanism. As ubiquitin binding and peptide-bond cleavage …


In the previous European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling editorial, 'What have current notions of psychotherapeutic research to do with truth, justice and thoughtful practice?' (Loewenthal, 2015), one of the editors of this special issue wrote how he was becoming disillusioned with qualitative research, suggesting that the psychological therapies, through clinical supervision and the presentation of clinical case studies, have a tradition of exploring our work's physis for something that comes out of itself and therefore should not be determined by externally imposed research methods. So on this basis, can any development in qualitative research ever really be of help to us or our clients/patients? We thought a good place to find out would be from papers presented at the Fifth Qualitative Research on Mental Health conference (held in Chania, Greece in September 2014), which the other editor of this special issue, Evrinomy Avdi, co-organised. These conferences have been established in the hope of providing an international transdisciplinary forum for dedicated qualitative research on a range of topics in the field of mental health, using a variety of methodologies and approaches. As editors, we invited conference participants to contribute to a special issue with studies that are pertinent to psychotherapy and counselling and, as a result of the subsequent review process, we have the five papers in this issue together with two invited published responses. Before describing these papers, we first wish to provide the conference brief and make some observations. The focus of this 2014 conference, which attracted 131 participants from 23 countries, was on the exploration, through divergent qualitative research approaches, of mental health as a set of practices. These included the professional practices implicated in defining and treating mental distress, the practices through which individuals in distress live with, make sense of and manage their experiences, as well as the wider sociocultural and institutional practices of understanding and dealing with human suffering. Researchers, from a variety of disciplines, clinicians and service users were invited to present studies, which describe the various practices of mental health, investigate their functions and their effects, examine the discourses associated with them and explore how these practices are viewed and experienced by the parties involved. Broadly, the conference aimed to promote critical engagement with mental health practices through highlighting the


We present an improved design for far‐infrared (FIR) circular polarizers used in a lightpipe transmission system for magneto‐optical experiments. A peak efficiency of nearly 100% is achieved for FIR laser radiation by reducing the multiple reflections within the polarizer system, as well as scattering from the walls of the lightpipe. Broadband low‐resolution measurements are less susceptible to errors due to multiple reflections, but incorporation of these improvements is still found to reduce systematic errors due to the reflection from the sample. Also, we have measured the low temperature index of refraction of quartz and find significant disagreement with published values for frequencies below 100 cm−1.


Infrared and in most cases, Raman spectra are reported for trimethylphosphine and trimethylarsine complexes AuXL, Au(PMe3)2+, MX3L–, M2X4L2, MX2L2(trans and cis), M2X2L42+, MXL3+, ML42+(M = Pd or Pt; X = Cl, Br or I), as well as for triethylphosphine and triethylarsine species MX3L–, M2X4L2 and MX2L2. Vibrational assignments are suggested where possible, and point of spectroscopic interest are noted. Frequency relationships between the systems are discussed.


In this paper, we present a fast GPU-based algorithm for ray-tracing point-based models, which includes an efficient computation of secondary and shadow rays, contrary to previous work which supported ray-surface intersections for primary rays only. Volumetric effects are added to the models by means of scattered data interpolation in order to combine point-based surface and volume rendering in the same scene. This allows us to obtain effects such as refraction within volumetric objects. The flexibility of our method is demonstrated by combining shadows, textured objects, refraction and volumetric effects in the same scene comprised uniquely by point sets.


Rome was a microcosm of Roman imperial power, the showplace of imperial might. The image of the emperor was written in his city. We all know this. But what shall I do? Shall I enumerate for you the statistics of Rome's magnificence, as does the elder Pliny, or as do the Regionary Catalogues? If I did so, this would, as Italo Calvino suggests, be the same as telling you nothing. We can follow the elder Pliny in enumerating the statistics of Rome's magnificence, counting the regions and crossroads shrines, the length of the walls, the length of the streets leading to the gates.


The controlled releasing microspheres of acetamiprid were prepared by carboxymethyl chitosan and gelatin.Some main experimental parameters that affect the drug content enveloping ratio and controlled releasing time such as cross linking time and temperature,mass ratio of gelatin and carboxymethyl chitosan were studied.Under optimum preparation conditions,drug content was 9.21% and releasing time lasted up to 7 days.


This report reviewed briefly the needs for restraints for disabled children in cars and found that very little published research is available on this issue. In New Zealand there are for sale two specially designed restraints for disabled children. They are, however, much more expensive than standard child restraints. A test was carried out by 19 families with mainly severely disabled cerebral palsy children. They used standard child restraints and reported their experiences in questionnaires. It was found that for toddlers those standard restraints that provide sufficient reclining position for the back of the child are quite adequate as restraints for disabled children. In the primary school age group some of the booster seats were uncomfortable and unsuitable for disabled children, but others were suitable depending on the size of the car and the child's disability. It was concluded that for the majority of disabled children one or more of the available standard restraints are likely to be suitable, but that the parents need the opportunity to test the different restraints briefly before the best choice can be made. (TRRL)


Magnetic susceptibility measurements are reported for the ternary system potassium laurate, 1-decanol, and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$O below the reentrant isotropic-nematic phase transition. The susceptibility was found to diverge with increasing temperature and exhibit a mean-field-like exponent. The results are analyzed and discussed in terms of micellar anisometry controlling the supercooling temperature and thus driving the reentrant transition.


We performed a petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of the lunar feldspathic meteorite Northwest Africa (NWA) 11111. This meteorite contains several types of lithic clasts, including feldspathic clasts, mafic‐rich clasts, granulites, impact melt breccias, minor basaltic clasts, and highly evolved clasts cemented in a recrystallized fine grain matrix. Both mineral chemistry and geochemical characteristics indicate a lunar origin for NWA 11111. The bulk analysis suggests that NWA 11111 is a typical feldspathic lunar meteorite, which is consistent with its large population of anorthositic clasts and plagioclase fragments. A comparison of geochemical data made by lunar orbiter missions indicates that this meteorite was likely launched from the Feldspathic Highland Terrane on the lunar farside. The chemical zoning, coupled with extensive exsolution lamellae (up to 20 μm in width) occurring in pyroxene across three sections of NWA 11111, demonstrates that this meteorite contains components derived from the surface to about 10 km of lunar crust. Magnesian anorthosite clasts are commonly present in the meteorite, indicating that magnesian anorthosite probably represents an important lithology in the lunar farside crust. Basaltic clasts in NWA 11111 range from a very low‐Ti to a low‐Ti mare basalt, possibly representing cryptomare on the lunar farside. Although a KREEPy signature for NWA 11111 is not evident, highly evolved clasts containing various silica polymorphs and/or K‐feldspar are present. They may originate from late‐stage residual liquids. Lithic clasts and mineral fragments within NWA 11111 provide new insights into the diversity of lunar crust lithology and magmatic processes on the lunar farside. This meteorite also offers rocky materials from a wide vertical section of lunar crust.


A new series of Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes of the Schiff base ligand, 4-chloro-2-{(E)-[(4-fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (C13H9ClFNO), was synthesized in a methanolic medium. The Schiff base was derived from the condensation reaction of 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and 4-fluoroaniline at room temperature. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and NMR spectral data, molar conductance measurements, and melting points were used to characterize the Schiff base and the metal complexes. From the elemental analysis data, the metal complexes formed had the general formulae [M(L)2(H2O)2], where L = Schiff base ligand (C13H9ClFNO) and M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. On the basis of FT-IR, electronic spectra, and NMR data, "O" and "N" donor atoms of the Schiff base ligand participated in coordination with the metal (II) ions, and thus, a six coordinated octahedral geometry for all these complexes was proposed. Molar conductance studies on the complexes indicated they were nonelectrolytic in nature. The Schiff base ligand and its metal (II) complexes were tested in vitro to evaluate their bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus typhi) using the disc diffusion method. The antibacterial evaluation results revealed that the metal (II) complexes exhibited higher antibacterial activity than the free Schiff base ligand.


Persisting in "People Orientation" and innovating the guiding principle of "Cultivating People in Four Aspects" is important for colleges and universities to train qualified personnel.The paper points out some problems in practical teaching in colleges and universities and proposes concrete measures to innovate the guiding principle of "Cultivating People in Four Aspects".


M any have alluded to the importance of the environment on the developing brain. As a neuroscientist, I root and endorse that view in the bump and grind of brain cells. You are born with most of the brain cells you will ever have. It is the growth of the connections between the brain cells that accounts for the growth of the brain after birth. What is exciting is that the environment will influence the configuration of those connections. So even if you are a clone—that is, an identical twin—you will have a unique pattern of brain cell connections. Genes play a part. I do not wish to denigrate genes; I merely wish to put them, despite all the hype, literally in their place. Genes make proteins, which are important biochemical baggage for brain cell circuits to work. But they are not a one-off; they are constantly being activated or switched off according to the caprices of the environment, whether it is the micro-milieu of the brain itself or the external environment in which you are moving. Hence you will appreciate that it is impossible to make the old and hackneyed division between nature and nurture. Rather we should think of a dialogue, an interaction, where there is no genetic controller orchestrating events but a ceaseless interaction between the environment and the molecular landscape of the brain. What is important is that the environment can determine how that landscape looks. Let me take, for example, what may seem to be a counter-example. The condition Huntingdon's chorea—named after the Greek for ''to dance''—is socalled because it is characterised by a wild involuntary flinging of the limbs in a grotesque form of dance. The reason for choosing this example is that it is one of the few brain disorders that can be attributed to a single rogue gene. However, we know that even in mice that have had their genes tweaked so that they have the single rogue gene— they have the mouse equivalent of this movement disorder—the onset and severity of the disease can be offset. It can be made much more moderate and come along much later in their lives if they have a so-called enriched environment. For a mouse this means a few little ladders and toys with which they interact. We know that adult rats exposed to ladders and toys and a so-called enriched environment will have more connections in their brains. The brain cells have more branches, which enable the brain cells to form more connections than their counterparts kept in simpler conditions. If this is the case for adult rodents playing with a few little ladders and wheels, how much more for the human brain? The most marvellous aspect of being born a human being is that you are freed-up more than any other animal from the tyranny of your genes; you are freed-up from having to obey instinct. That is why we, as a species, occupy more ecological niches than any other species on earth. It is because we are supremely able, compared to any other species, to learn that we are freed-up from the demands of instinct. And if you have individual experiences, guess what? You become an individual. We are born into the world, in the words of the nineteenth century psychologist William James, ''as a booming, buzzing confusion''. We evaluate it in terms of its primary sensory qualities— how sweet, how fast, how cold, how bright—but gradually these abstract sensations will coalesce into faces and objects. Gradually, as we get language, those faces and objects will acquire a name, a label. If they mean something to us they will feature in certain events in our lives that become memories. The more they feature, the more connections they will trigger and the more deep their significance to us will become. As this happens, we personalise our brains; we develop a mind. It is this learning, this ability to see one thing in terms of another, that I regard as understanding. Far from being some airy-fairy alternative to the squalor of the physical brain, I see the mind as the personalisation of the brain. It is these personalised connections, sadly, which can be dismantled by conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. As you may know, in such degenerative conditions the patient will gradually recapitulate childhood; gradually the world will mean less and less and gradually the patient will retreat back into the booming and buzzing confusion, where even people and objects that were very dear and close to the patient are no longer recognised. The point I am trying to make is that the competence of our brains, of our mental abilities, rests on the integrity and the extent and number of our brain connections. It is these connections, which, in turn, are dependent on the experiences we have in the world. You may have heard of a fascinating study recently undertaken with London taxi drivers. It is of course well known that London black-cab drivers learn the ''knowledge''; they have to remember all the streets of London in order to navigate about without using references. This is a huge burden on that particular ability, but it turns out that the brain scans of London taxi drivers, when compared with people of like age, show an enhanced area related to memory. That part of the brain is larger in taxi drivers than it is in other people. The fact is not lost on our London taxi drivers, most of whom have heard of the study. It is not the case that London taxi drivers are predisposed to having larger areas in this part of their brains. The longer someone works as a taxi driver, the more marked is the difference. You do not have to be a London taxi driver to display plasticity in this way. It


Asbestos' ability to resist high temperatures resulted in its extensive use as a fireproofing and insulation material from the 1950s through to the mid 1980s. But today, asbestos is equally viewed as a beast. This arises mainly from a consideration of the dire consequences of deaths from asbestos-related cancers that have resulted from past exposure. Asbestos litigation has given rise to claims against some former producers, sellers, distributors, and installers. Some were forced out of businesses, or into diversification and bankruptcy. This article analyses the implications of new asbestos regulations in determining program and project directions at the London Borough of Hillingdon. That analyses showed a significant impact.


I t has been a long few months since the COVID19 pandemic hit in the United States. Like a ripple moving outward, medical educators watched their health care systems morph and their ability to deliver in-person curricula disappear due to limitations on group sizes. Educators around the world, many of whom had never used a virtual platform, were forced to move their curricula online. While daunting for those accustomed to in-person teaching, videoconferencing is a popular and common distance learning modality in undergraduate medical education. It has been studied in a variety of educational contexts, with results showing knowledge gained is equal to that of in-person lectures for medical students, and that it is an acceptable and sometimes even preferred learning modality. Given the reality of our current COVID-19 educational climate and the studied benefits of videoconferencing in education, we created a tutorial for educators to make the ''virtual education jump.'' Our hope is this tutorial can serve as a starting point for transitioning a curriculum from face-to-face to a virtual platform.


The growing problem of hydrogen sulfide resulting from the disposal of waste gypsum boards has yet to find an effective solution. Recent years have brought urgent calls for a means of recycling waste gypsum boards.This study focused on applications in floors, which among major structural parts are subject to particularly severe conditions. The author examined the form of gypsum after pouring, as well as the formwork and pouring methods, employing the properties of gypsum hemihydrate recycled from waste gypsum boards. The study has established specifications that overcome the problem of afterflame following a fire involving wooden fireproof construction.


The various imbibing media and their advantages could also positively increase the overall optical properties for the study of these carious lesions. The study is based on caries and caries research. The use of technology and various other modified methodologies could bring about precise understanding of disease progression. The basis of newer generation dental caries treatment advances need to be soundly researched upon keeping the carious progression studies at the forefront.


Scientific literacy as a goal of a science education reform remains an important discourse in the research literature and is a key component of students' understanding and acceptance of emergent technologies like nanotechnology. This manuscript focuses on undergraduate engineering students' perceptions of the risks and benefits posed by nanotechnology as an important component of scientific literacy. Specifically, this study examined the perceived risk of nanotechnology of a group of American students (N = 102) in three material science engineering courses focusing on nanotechnology. Students completed a survey of risk perception and a sub‐sample were interviewed (n = 21). It was found that perceptions of risks and benefits of nanotechnology tended to be closely tied to specific groups of applications including common consumer products, health‐related products, and advanced technological applications. The intersection of scientific application and perception is discussed in the context of science education curriculum considerations.


The construction of Hilbert spaces that are characterized by local constraints as the low-energy sectors of microscopic models is an important step towards the realization of a wide range of quantum phases with long-range entanglement and emergent gauge fields. Here we show that planar structures of trapped atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime are functionally complete: Their ground state manifold can realize any Hilbert space that can be characterized by local constraints in the product basis. We introduce a versatile framework, together with a set of provably minimal logic primitives as building blocks, to implement these constraints. As examples, we present lattice realizations of the string-net Hilbert spaces that underlie the surface code and the Fibonacci anyon model. We discuss possible optimizations of planar Rydberg structures to increase their geometrical robustness.


We report the photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of conjugated compounds based on carbazolyl dimer moiety, N, N′‐diethyl‐3, 3′‐bicarbazyl (DEBC) and N, N′‐diphenyl‐3, 3′‐bicarbazyl (DPBC) as hole‐transporting molecules. The ITO / CuPc(20nm) / DPBC (50nm) / Alq3 (60nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (200nm) device showed turn‐on voltage at 11V and 5.13cd/A efficiency. The ITO / CuPc (20nm) / DPBC (50nm) / Alq3+Coumarin6 (C6) (1.5%) (60nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (200nm) device also showed 13.5cd/A efficiency. DPBC showed 20% increased EL efficiency relative to NPB in Alq3 based system as well as 1.5 % C6‐doped Alq3 based system.


The classroom is a space for human formation, consisting of diversity and heterogeneity. The pedagogic relations that happen inside are full of subjectivity. With the goal to understand, through empirical data, which are the students and teachers' perceptions about the relationships that unfold in the classroom, we apply a data collection instrument to teachers and students of college classes of Chemistry undergraduate majors in UFMG. Our data analysis shows that the teachers and students' expectations diverge in some ways and, probably that is no pre-established ''contract'' of each one's role. The affectivity in every human relationship and including that which surrounds the teacher/ students' relationship is not well understood. We noted that there is, also, certain ''apprehension'' about involvement when the affective relationship is understood as a relationship of friendship or empathy.


A review of high-quality studies, this paper highlights interventions — in education, employment and training, and second-chance programs — that have demonstrated positive results for young men of color. It comes as policymakers and philanthropies focus new attention on investing more to build opportunities for these young men.


In a series of decisions issued between 1999 and 2009, Japanese and Korean courts alike ruled for Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in denying restitution for the forced labor of Korean plaintiffs during World War II. Then on May 24, 2012, the Supreme Court of South Korea overturned a Korean appellate court's decision that had honored successive rulings by the Hiroshima District Court, the Hiroshima High Court, and the Supreme Court of Japan — all of which cited the expiration of the statute of limitations, among other reasons, for rejecting the plaintiffs' claims.
In remanding the case to the Busan High Court, the Supreme Court of Korea directly challenged the stalemate over corporate accountability in the transitional justice process for Koreans victimized under imperial Japanese rule. The Court's rationale has shifted the restitution paradigm from disparate individual claims to collective redress by asserting the illegality of Japan's occupation of Korea, along with that of forced mobilization. It also has raised prospects for enduring bilateral progress via judicial, civil society, and corporate engagement in the push for a "grand settlement" less beholden to vacillating political interests.


Significance: The synthetic versatility of rhodium carbenoid species generated by the decomposition of diazo compounds is well established and is particularly enhanced in the case of rhodium vinylcarbenoids because the vinyl group can participate in downstream transformations, often in a one-pot manner. Sharma and co-workers have previously reported on the use of rhodium vinylcarbenoids in the stereoselective synthesis of nine-membered oxacycles (Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 5340). The initial goal of their current work was the synthesis of the corresponding azacycles. Unexpectedly, tricyclic quinolines were isolated through an additional intramolecular aldol–dehydration sequence. Comment: Syringe-pump addition of vinyl diazobenzoate to the aminochalcone and a mixture of (2E)-1-(2-aminophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one and Rh2(OAc)4 in refluxing toluene led to the isolation of a major compound shown to be a tricyclic quinoline derivative by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. A range of substituents were tolerated on the aminochalcone, with EWGs showing little adverse effect on the rate of the reaction, and reactive functionalities such as furans or an additional olefin being well tolerated. When an N-benzyl-protected aminochalcone was subjected to the reaction conditions, the corresponding ninemembered azacycle was isolated, albeit in modest yield. Representative examples: O


New imine−phosphine palladium complexes [Pd(P−N)(CH3)(CH3CN)](BF4) (P−N = o-(diphenylphosphino)-N-benzaldimine derivatives) are synthesized and are found to be active for copolymerization of CO−ethylene and CO−norbornylene, respectively. Stepwise addition of carbon monoxide and various olefins into the new complexes is investigated.


The study of eclipsing binary systems remains one of the most powerful research fields in stellar astrophysics because it provides the primary source of calculating fundamentals properties of stars (masses, radii, temperatures) and every form of stellar activity (spots, accreting discs, pulsations) through photometry and spectroscopy or/and through the study of long-term variability of their period. Additionally it allows testing of stellar structure and evolution theories and the prediction of third body companions of stellar or sub-stellar origin. This thesis is focused on the study of W UMa type eclipsing binaries containing main sequence stars in overcontact configuration with short periods and,therefore the small angular momentum. The aim is both the multiband observational study, analysis and investigation of WUMa systems of particular interest but also the development of modeling methodology in order to extract the maximum information and to determine a detailed assessment of the parameter uncertainties through the application of modern statistical methods. The first part of the Doctoral Thesis outlines the theoretical framework for describing eclipsing binary stars. Chapter 1 refers to the physics and geometry of orbits and components, the description of the Roche model that led to the classification based on equipotential surfaces, the computation of the total radiated flux in the direction of the observer by including all the corrections needed and the description of systems dynamics as manifested by the observed change of their period. Chapter2 presents the photometric observations made during this research and the automated methods of processing and analysis (pipelines) which were developed. Chapter 3 sketches the modern modeling and analysis software techniques for the solution of inverse problem(Differential Corrections, Levenberg-Marquardt, Downhill Simplex, Genetic Algorithms,Heuristic Scanning, Bootstrap resampling, Metropolis –Hasting Markov Chain MonteCarlo), their implementation to programs developed as part of the present thesis and their application to real data. These also represent the methodology of the analyses implemented for the study of the WUMa systems, described in Part 2. Finally, Chapter4 describes the development of a pipeline for the exploration, extraction and automatic analysis of data from astronomical surveys and its application to ASAS database. In the same chapter the first results from the training and validation of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), EBAI, and the best topology for the ANN are presented.The second part focuses on the detailed study of selected W UMa systems with particular interest. This includes: the new multiband photometric observations, the longterm period variation, the exported model from photometric and spectroscopic data (from the literature), the determination of orbital and physical parameters and their position in evolutionary diagrams, the investigation of the proposed model for uniqueness in the parameter space through heuristic scanning with parameter kicking or other statistical methods- and the statistical determination of the uncertainties of the derived parameters.In Chapter 5, new CCD four-color light curves of TY Boo made on eight nights over2010–2011 were analyzed in comparison with historical light curves obtained from 1969through 2011. The light curves could all be represented by a unique geometry and by wavelength consistent phototometric parameters of a two-spot model on either stellar component. It is confirmed that TY Boo is a shallow W-type contact binary system with a degree of contact factor of f = 7.6 ± 0.8%. A period investigation based on all available data shows a long-term decrease (dP/dt = −3.65 ×10−8 days yr−1 ) and an oscillation (P3 = 58.9 yr, A = 0.0254 days). Without ruling out the presence of a tertiary companion, the weight of evidence points to an active cyclic magnetic activity that causes spot formation rather than an unseen companion. Mass transfer between the components and angular momentum loss are also considered as possible mechanisms.In Chapter 6, a detailed analysis of the interesting W UMa binary FI Boo in view of the spectroscopic signature of a third body through photometry, period variation, and a thorough investigation of solution uniqueness is presented. We obtained new BVRcIc photometric data that, when combined with spectroscopic data, enable us to analyze the system FI Boo and determine its basic orbital and physical properties through PHOEBE,as well as the period variation by studying the times of the minima. This combined approach allows us to study the long-term period changes in the system for the first time in order to investigate the presence of a third body and to check extensively the solution uniqueness and the uncertainties of derived parameters. Our modeling indicates that FIBoo is a W-type moderate (f = 50.15% ± 8.10%) overcontact binary with component masses of Mh = 0.40 ± 0.05 M and Mc =1.07 ± 0.05 M , temperatures of Th = 5746 ±33 K and Tc = 5420 ± 56 K, and a third body, which may play an important role in the formation and evolution. The results were tested by heuristic scanning and parameter kicking to provide the consistent and reliable set of parameters that was used to obtain the initial masses of the progenitors (1.71 ± 0.10 M and 0.63 ± 0.01 M , respectively). We also investigated the evolutionary status of massive components with several sets of widely used isochrones.In Chapter 7, an extensive analysis of the low amplitude, contact binary V1003 Her is presented, based on the new VRc Ic , CCD photometric light curves in combination with published radial velocity (RV) curves. We investigate the stable configurations for the system with two independent methods and modeling tools: PHOEBE, ROCHE, via heuristic scanning and genetic algorithms, although the very low inclination of the system can place limitations. All methods indicate that V1003 Her is most likely in overcontact state with unequal components with temperature difference of 550 K, a mass ratio of q= 0.373 and a contact degree of 36 ± 10 %. As it is viewed at the very low inclination of i ∼ 38^◦ ± 1^◦ , if its configuration is confirmed, it will be among the most massive W-subtype of W UMa systems. This conclusion is also supported by other published models.However, in order to conclude reliable physical properties of the system, the high-precise based-ground photometry (or satellite photometry) and spectroscopic follow-up of V1003Her is required.In Chapter 8, a detailed investigation of the low-amplitude contact binary HI Dra is presented, based on the new VRc Ic CCD photometric light curves (LCs) combined with published radial velocity (RV) curves. Our completely covered LCs were analyzed using PHOEBE and revealed that HI Dra is an overcontact binary with low fill-out factor f = 24 ± 4 (%) and temperature difference between the components of 330 K.Two spotted models are proposed to explain the LC symmetry, between which the A subtype of W UMa type eclipsing systems, with a cool spot on the less massive and cooler component, proves to be more plausible on evolutionary grounds. The results and stability of the solutions were explored by heuristic scan and parameter perturbation to provide a consistent and reliable set of parameters and their errors. Our photometric modeling and RV curve solution give the following absolute parameters of the hot and cool components, respectively: Mh = 1.72 ± 0.08 Msun and Mc = 0.43 ± 0.02 Msun , Rh =1.98 ± 0.03 Rsun and Rc = 1.08 ± 0.02 Rsun , and Lh = 9.6 ± 0.1 Lsun and Lc = 2.4 ± 0.1Lsun . Based on these results the initial masses of the progenitors (1.11 ± 0.03 Msun and2.25 ± 0.07 Msun , respectively) and a rough estimate of the age of the system of 2.4 Gyr are discussed.Finally, in Chapter 9, our first results from ground based follow up photometric observation of interesting eclipsing binary systems (EBs) from Kepler field are presented.The program was launched in 2013 with the 2.3 m Aristarchos telescope at Helmos Observatory, Greece including eclipsing binary systems with periods < 0.45d and Kp (mag)=12.6-16 mag. The included targets in this program show light curve asymmetries,Eclipse Timings Variation or they are third body candidates. Modern analysis techniques such as heuristic scanning with parameter perturbation and genetic algorithm(PIKAIA), enable to reveal and optimize the astrophysical parameters of selected EBs.The results from BVRI photometry for the third body candidates, WUMa eclipsing binary systems of W-subtype, KIC11246163 and KIC4563150, are presented for the first time, as well as conclusions derived so far.


The advisability of bringing children up bilingually is always questionable by the parents in general, but it is of vital importance for the parents of those children who are born within cross-national relationships. The current paper highlights the benefits and negative aspects of so doing from various points of view available in the related literature. It deals chiefly with assessing the parents' situations and suggesting appropriate approaches to them for decision making when they want to raise their children bilingually. Although qualitative method of research including the descriptive and argumentative methods are used for the majority parts of the study, the instances of the writer's bilingual experience are also mentioned as an outstanding proof in a case study. Whilst most of the common strategies for bringing children up bilingually are given in the current study, there are, of course, some other strategies for various circumstances. Other studies are recommended to focus mainly on strategies and reveal them for those parents who are eager to raise bilingual children.


According to the urgent demands of higher vocational colleges in the requirements of educational administration and electronic information sharing,and in combination with the technology of C# with ASP.NET 2.0 and ADO.NET,this paper is intended to propose the general design scheme of the teaching and educational administration system for higher vocational colleges based on.NET platform.It has completed the design and implementation of the major function modules of this system.


The pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid when used alone or in combination may be different and show interaction between these two agents that might decrease the absolute bioavailability of clavulanic acid. In an open, randomized, replicated Latin square under fasting condition, pharmacokinetics of new formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were compared with a reference formulation after single dose administration in 15 healthy male volunteers. Subjects were given equal molar doses of new suspension formulations of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (312 mg/5 ml or 156 mg/5 ml) or Augmentin ® (312 mg/5 ml) as the reference product. The wash-out period was one week between the administrations of these antibacterial agents. Blood samples were collected exactly before and after drug administration of each of the formulations at different time points up to 6 h. The concentrations of the antibiotics in plasma were measured by validated HPLC methods. Three formulations exhibited a similar mean C max of about 7.5±1.6 mg/l after T max of about 75±25 min. for amoxicillin and C max of about 2.5±0.6 mg/l after T max of about 61±15 min. for clavulanic acid. The AUC 0-inf (total area under the curve) for amoxicillin was about 1278±172 g.min/ml and it was about 354±66 g.min/ml for clavulanic acid. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among these formulations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid found in this study were similar to previously published data. The two generic formulations investigated in this study proved to be bioequivalent with brand-name Augmentin ® with regard to the pharmacokinetic parameters C max , AUC 0-t , AUC 0-inf and T max . Moreover, the parametric confidence intervals (90%) for the ratio of the C max , T max , AUC 0-t , and AUC 0-Q values lie between 0.8-1.2 based on log transformed values. We may conclude that the two new formulations are bioequivalent with the reference suspension and could be considered equally effective in medicinal practice. Moreover, there were no interaction in pharmacokinetic parameters between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. No serious adverse event was observed with the studied drugs.


Preface About the Author Part I. Understanding Classroom Research 1. What Is Classroom Research? 2. Cycling Through the Steps 3. Dealing With Data Part II. Teachers' Classroom Research in Literacy Overview Section 1: Looking at Teaching Within Mandated Programs Introduction 4. Reading Aloud: Do I Really Sound Like That? 5. Keeping Track of Assessment Data Makes Teaching Easier 6. Differentiating Word Study Instruction Section 2: Tying Research to Practice Introduction 7. "Mr. ___ Just Said Rambunctious!": Learning and Loving Vocabulary 8. Sounding Like Readers: Improving Fluency 9. Word Analysis and Phonemic Awareness Instruction for Older Students 10. Teaching Vocabulary One Part at a Time 11. Ethics and Other Issues in Classroom Research Appendix A Appendix B References Index


WE wish to bring to the attention of colleagues the presence of the parasite Dicrocoelium dendriticum – the 'lancet' or 'small liver fluke' – in south-west England. It was detected during routine postmortem examination of two adult feral goats from an indigenous herd in north Devon.


By theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,stress and displacement distribution characteristics of pillars,roofs and floors are studied in the junction of crosshead and open-off cut under the longwell mining.The result shows: the pillars at the corner of the junctions form triangular stress-released areas with serious rib falling;the subsidence and floor heave concentrate on the center of the junctions.Based on the displacement and stress distribution,the hazard areas' radius is approximately determined to be the width of roadway.The author suggests widening the depth and density of bolting support,which has reference value for the similar mining constructions.


The article provides an intelligence forecast model for solving the problem of engineering cost of power construction based on soft computing and data mining technologies.According to the requirement of engineering cost prediction,data preprocessing is firstly made for collected data to normalize the real data,and a wrapper algorithm is used for feature selection.Later,a neural network driven Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system is applied to construct the forecast model,and contrast test is used for character selection.The model is simulated on Matlab platform,and the results show that the forecasting accuracy and network generalization are better than that of BP networks.The model gives advices on sum of investment in initial stages,and it helps in extracting experiences from historical projects.


The surface modification of nano-Fe2O3 was conducted with different weight ratio of 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS) to pigment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were utilized in order to estimate APTMS grafting on the surface of the nanoparticles. Nanocomposites were prepared by addition of 2 wt. % of modified and unmodified Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the polyurethane. The anticorrosion properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated using salt spray and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The adhesion strength of the samples was determined by a pull-off adhesion tester. The results obtained from FTIR test showed that the APTMS successfully grafted on the surface of the nanoparticles. The results showed that the extend of grafting decreases with increase of weight ratio of 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS) to pigment. The corrosion protection properties of the coating were enhanced by increasing the extent of surface treatment of the nanoparticles by silane compared to the coatings without nanoparticle and the one containing untreated nanoparticles.


This work investigates the impact of globalization on the political economy of the Northern and Southern hemispheres, with Nigeria, Brazil, Germany and the US as case studies. It argues that though the disadvantaged position of the countries of the Southern hemisphere is obvious, the advanced economies of the North are not without their share of the frustrations and undesirable impacts of globalization on their political economy. It also argues that until the South stops perceiving globalization as a threat rather than an opportunity, no appreciable progress will be made in reducing the North/South economic dichotomy.


As a continuation of efforts to provide a common background and platform for development of calibration and validation (C/V) guidelines for hydrologic and water quality (H/WQ) modeling, ASABE members worked to determine critical topics related to model C/V, perform a synthesis of a previously published special collection of articles and other relevant literature, and provide topic-specific recommendations based on the synthesis as well as personal modeling expertise. This article introduces a special collection of nine research articles covering key topics related to calibration and validation of H/WQ models. The topics include: terminology, hydrologic processes and model representation, spatial and temporal scales, model parameterization, C/V strategies, sensitivity, uncertainty, performance measures and criteria, and documentation and reporting. The main objective of this introductory article is to introduce and summarize key aspects of these topics, including recommendations. Individually, the articles provide model practitioners with detailed topic-specific recommendations related to model calibration, validation, and use. Collectively, the articles present recommendations to enhance H/WQ modeling.


Autoimmunity is a state in which the body's immune system fails to distinguish between 'self' and 'non-self' and reacts by the formation of autoantibodies against one's own tissue antigens. Sjögren syndrome is a chronic autoimmune exocrinopathy distinguished by lymphatic infiltration of lacrimal and salivary glands. Primary Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, Xerostomia and Secondary Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by RA, SLE, Scleroderma, Vasculitis (extraglandular manifestations). In Ayurveda we can understand primary Sjögren's syndrome as Shuska Akshi Paka and secondary Sjögren's syndrome as those disorders which can be included under the diseases like Amavata, Vatarakta, Kushta. In this article, attempt is made to understand the Sjögren syndrome and its treatment in Ayurveda by considering the concepts of Virudha ahara and Vyadhikshamatva.


Tripelennamine hydrochloride (TPA) primarily acts as first generation antihistamine psychoactive or H1 receptor antagonist and an antipruritic drug. In the present study, the voltammetric behavior of TPA was studied using glassy carbon electrode with pH ranging from 4.2 to 10.4. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques have beenemployed in order to elucidate an irreversible electrodic reaction with maximum anodic peak current at pH 7.0. Surface area of the electrode was calculated and was found to be 0.0202 cm2. Scan rate variation shows that electrodic reaction involves electron transfer with diffusion controlled mass transfer process. The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0) was obtained to be 1.332× 103 s-1. A linear relationship between peak current and TPA concentrations was obtained from 0.9×10-7 M to 10.0 × 10-5 M by using DPV and limit of detection of 9.7 × 10-8 M was estimated. In addition, a sensitive voltammetric method was developed, and it was successfully applied for TPA determination in pharmaceutical sample and human urine samples.The present method was also applied for the determination of TPA in pharmaceutical samples, with satisfactory recoveries from 95.32 % to 100.12 %.


We show that, in the structures of ternary compounds Cd 3 In 2 S 2 Te 4 and Cd 5 Ga 2 S 2 Te 6 (having disordered wurtzite and sphalerite lattices, respectively) that contain ca. 1 at % of 1 1 9 Sn Mossbauer nuclide, impuritydouble-charged tin cations occupy a single type of crystallographic site, which is characterized by a slight distortion of the nearest anion surrounding. The values found for the hyperfine interaction parameters of the Sn 2 + cations indicate the stoichiometric inactivity of their lone electron pairs. For both phases, these pairs are located preferentially at spherically symmetric 5s orbitals.


This paper presents the work performed in developing and testing a unique re-entry system for wireline work on two seafloor wells in 295 feet of water at Kepiting field in the Natuna Sea of Indonesia. This system does not require the use of a floating drillship for conventional wireline work in a seafloor well. This paper discusses the components, installation and performance of this wireline re-entry system.


Glycosidase activity in slow growing mycobacteria was rapidly detected by the use of 4-methylumbelliferone-linked glycoside substrates. The species Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, M. szulgai and M. marinum showed characteristic enzyme activities which distinguished them from the other species. M. marinum is unique among the mycobacteria so far examined in its possession of a very marked α-L-fucosidase activity. These fluorigenic glycosidase substrates should be of value in the identification of slow growing mycobacteria.


In some puzzles, the strategy we need to use near the goal can be quite different from the strategy that is effective earlier on, e.g. due to a smaller branching factor near the exit state in a maze. A common approach in these cases is to apply both a forward and a backward search, and to try and align the two. In this work we propose an approach that takes this idea a step forward, within a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. Training a traditional forward-looking agent using RL can be difficult because rewards are often sparse, e.g. given only at the goal. Instead, we first train a backward-looking agent with a simple relaxed goal. We then augment the state representation of the puzzle with straightforward hint features that are extracted from the behavior of that agent. Finally, we train a forward looking agent with this informed augmented state. We demonstrate that this simple "access" to partial backward plans leads to a substantial performance boost. On the challenging domain of the Sokoban puzzle, our RL approach substantially surpasses the best learned solvers that generalize over levels, and is competitive with SOTA performance of the best highly-crafted solution. Impressively, we achieve these results while learning from only a small number of practice levels and using simple RL techniques.


IN December 2000, subscribers to the Paediatric Anaesthesia Conference discussion group were invited to post their experiences with rapacuronium (Raplon; Organon Inc., West Orange, NJ) in children in the USA. Specific side effects or responses to rapacuronium were neither requested nor encouraged. The postings yielded 19 cases of bronchospasm, of which 12 were described as severe, from six respondents. These reports caused such concern that the respondents felt obliged to bring this to the attention of their colleagues. Three of the cases are summarized below.


Abstract Background The recent pandemic triggered an acceleration in adopting innovative technologies and telemedicine novelties. The metaverse, representing a merge of digital worlds using augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), promises disruptive transformation in healthcare. The feasibility of combining the metaverse with cardiovascular telemedicine services empowering remote consultation as well as assisting heart disease prevention and diagnosis, has not been investigated yet in cardiology. Purpose We evaluated the feasibility of combined clinical and electrocardiographic follow-up inside the metaverse on top of standard of care for a patient who presented with prinzmetal angina. Methods A digital consultation room combining AR/VR was created in a metaverse platform (GDPR compliant, CE marked class I medical device). Patient and cardiologist were given a personal and secured login account. Interactions and connections were made via virtual avatars. Patient was instructed to ask for a consultation in case of any cardiac related symptom occurred. The patient was equipped with a previously validated portable hospital-grade 12-lead smartphone-based electrocardiograph device which was directly integrated to the metaverse platform. Results A 30 years old obese active smoker patient presented for recurrent episodes of typical cardiac chest pain at rest. ECG showed sinus rhythm, normal atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction and no repolarization abnormalities. Laboratory test were normal, echocardiography showed a normal biventricular function with no focal abnormalities or valvular disease. Coronary angiogram excluded the presence of coronary artery disease, and the most possible diagnostic scenario was prinzmetal angina from coronary artery spasm. The patient was therefore discharged under treatment with diltiazem 120 mg twice daily, a multiple lead smartphone ECG device as well as the access to metaverse via his avatar, since no ECG were available during the episodes. Ten days later, the patient experienced an episode of palpitation accompanied with general discomfort. He subsequently logged into the metaverse where the cardiologist was available. The anamnesis of the episode was collected as well as the auto-recorded ECG by the patient. Although the clinical and electrocardiographic data were reassuring, the physician proposed to seek for medical attention. Hospital work up was consistent with the diagnosis provided in the virtual consultation. Conclusions To our knowledge, we conducted the first medical act in cardiology inside the metaverse combining VR environment with existing cardiovascular technological innovations as support information to the standard of care. Exploiting the full potential of the metaverse could serve as an unparalleled leap in the way cardiovascular medicine is delivered and could introduce new dimensions to cardiology in terms of health education, disease prevention and diagnosis. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Metaverse Cardiology Consultation Proposed model of metaverse consultation


Present study has been carried out on 150 pupil teachers. The primary purpose of the present study was to analyze the preservice teacher education programme in the light of availability of ICT resources and to assess the utilization of ICT resources by pre-service teachers. With reference to the availability of ICT resources in pre-service teacher education programme, the pupil teachers have reported that the teacher training institutions have diverse range of ICT tools like computers(79%), O.H.P. (41%), L.C.D. projectors (36%) etc. With respect to the utilization of ICT resources in pre-service teacher education programme , 93 out of 150 pupil teachers have incorporated ICT in preparing 1-3 lesson plans for teaching subjects like English, Mathematics and Science A B S T R A C T


ABSTRACT:Numerical modeling of CO 2 water heater was conducted prior to optimal design of medium and large sized CO 2 water heater, and the experimental test with small sized CO 2 water heater having heat capacity of 4 kW was completed to verify the present numerical model. The present model estimated the experimental data of COP(coefficient of performance), heating capacity, and the hot water outlet temperature within the range of 3% to 8% of mean deviation. As increase of EEV(electric expansion valve) opening area, decreasing of heating capacity and the hot water outlet temperature, and increasing of COP were found in both experimental and numerical investigation.Keywords:CO 2 water heater(이산화탄소 급탕기), Numerical modeling(수치적 모델링), Gas cooler(가스쿨러), IHX(내부 열교환기), EEV(전자팽창 밸브) †Corresponding author Tel.: +82-42-821-1732; fax: +82-42-821-1587 E-mail address: email@example.com 기 호 설 명 A :면적 [m 2 ]C :유량계수Cp :정압비열 [kJ/kg℃]D :직경 [m]f :마찰계수G :질량유속 [kg/m 2 s]h :엔탈피 [kJ/kg] 또는 열전달계수 [W/m 2


It has become a commonplace of Verdi biography and criticism to declare that the composer, although dissatisfied with Scribe's libretto for Les VWpres siciliennes, was compelled to set it more or less as it stood; and that it was not until years later that he realized this VWpres libretto was a reworking of Scribe's for Le Duc d'Albe, an opera that Donizetti had left unfinished. Both statements, for example, are repeated in Paul Hume's Verdi: the Man and his Music (New York: 1977, pp. 81-82). Both are untrue-as I have pointed out in The Gramophone (52 [1974], 585-86), in a program note for the Metropolitan revival of the opera (October 1974), and in Opera News (11 April 1975). Here is more detailed evidence for that assertion, in the form of several unpublished documents revealing that Verdi, as usual, played a very large part in the fashioning of his libretto. Verdi's fourteen letters to Scribe about Les VWpres siciliennes (n.a.f. 22552, ff: 20019)1 were generously brought to my attention by John Roberts, who found them, uncatalogued, in two "extra" volumes of the Scribe papers in the Cabinet des Manuscrits of the Bibliotheque Nationale-that is to say,


This paper illustrates the experimental study on the glued bamboo beam. The beams are characterized by the brittle tensile damage. The elastic modulus for both the compression and the tension of the glued bamboo are equal to each other. The average strain for the cross-section of the glued bamboo beam is linear distribution during the test process. Thus the plane cross-section assumption can be used for calculating the glued bamboo beam when designing. All the deflections for the ultimate load point are more than 60 mm and far bigger than the value 8.4mm (L/250) which is the maximum allowable deflection required by the Chinese wood structure design specification.


PurposeThe crowdfunding market has experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, not all projects are successfully financed because of information asymmetries between the founder and the providers of external finance. This shortfall in funding has made factors that lead to successful fundraising, a great interest to researchers. This study draws on the social capital theory, human capital theory and level of processing (LOP) theory to predict the success of crowdfunding projects.Design/methodology/approachA feature set is extracted and correlations between project success and features are utilized to order the features. The artificial neural network (ANN) is popularly applied to analyze the dependencies of the input variables to improve the accuracy of prediction. However, the problem of overfitting may exist in such neural networks. This study proposes a neural network method based on ensemble machine learning and dropout methods to generate several neural networks for preventing the problem of overfitting. Four machine learning techniques are applied and compared for prediction performance.FindingsThis study shows that the success of crowdfunding projects can be predicted by measuring and analyzing big data of social media activity, human capital of funders and online project presentation. The ensemble neural network method achieves highest accuracy. The investments rose from early projects and another platform by the funder serve as credible indicators for later investors.Practical implicationsThe managerial implication of this study is that the project founders and investors can apply the proposed model to predict the success of crowdfunding projects. This study also identifies the most influential features that affect fundraising outcomes. The project funders can use these features to increase the successful opportunities of crowdfunding project.Originality/valueThis study contributes to apply a new machine learning modeling method to extract features from activity data of crowdfunding platforms and predict crowdfunding project success. In addition, it contributes to the research on the deployment of social capital, human capital and online presentation strategies in a crowdfunding context as well as offers practical implications for project funders and investors.


The main emphasis of the work is put on experimental study of spatial structure and dynamics of gas-vapor cavities and turbulent structure of cavitating turbulent flows around a single NACA0015 hydrofoil and a cascade of three identical NACA0015 hydrofoils. The flows were investigated for different angles of incidence α = 0, 3, 6 and 9o with variation of cavitation number σ from 6 for the cascade down to 0.6 for the single hydrofoil. As a result, the full set of statistical moments of turbulent fluctuations (including the third-order ones) was calculated for all regimes. Comparison of turbulent characteristics was performed for different cavity types and the main peculiarities of the flows were pointed out. INTRODUCTION The problems relating to cavitation and erosion caused by cavitation belong to the most complex fundamental challenges of modern hydrodynamics. The most important requirements for safe and efficient operation of hydropower systems are reliability and longevity of the equipment used. As a rule, operation of real power systems, such as hydroturbines, and hydrotechnical equipment constructions, e.g. supply ducts and draft tubes of hydropower plants, are accompanied, in practice, by unsteady turbulent flows of complex geometry that are often two-phase. A rise of operation time and material endurance, increase of hydromachinery efficiency and degree of its safety are impossible without studying physical mechanisms of hydrodynamic processes, where large-scale vortices (LSV) and cavitation play the key role. Interaction of LSV with gas-vapor dispersed phase is a complex non-linear process strongly influencing cavitation erosion on hydraulic units and pulsation characteristics of the flows due to mutual impact of continuous and dispersed phases. Trajectories of dispersed phase particles (bubbles) can be affected by local nonequilibrium turbulence in liquid (turbulent dispersion), while the bubbles motion significantly changes properties of turbulent fluctuations in the carrier phase (turbulence modulation) due to a number of physical mechanisms. As known, the occurrence of resonance effects can lead to excessive vibration loads and, as a consequence, failure of hydraulic equipment or, at worst, even emergencies. Thus, it becomes obvious that simultaneous investigation of dynamics of partial cavities and LSV developing in shear-layers and study of interaction of LSV with gas-vapor dispersed phase in unsteady turbulent two-phase flows are rather important problems from the standpoint of fundamental science and applied research (e.g. in the field of improvement of modern hydrotechnical equipment constructions). In order to forecast cavitation erosion and have an ability to control cavitation, the detailed experimental data on turbulent structure of flows, i.e. spatial distributions of instantaneous velocity, vorticity and pressure fields and turbulent characteristics, is of a high interest. It should be also noted that developed and suggested methods on reducing the negative effects of cavitation have to satisfy the requirement of power loss minimization. This can be implemented only if the profound knowledge about the hydrodynamic processes occurring in hydroturbine settings is available. Presently, one can find a number of papers in literature that are devoted to experimental modeling of cavitating flows around 2D hydrofoils. However, experimental results obtained in works by different authors often diverge. 15 th International Symposium on Flow Visualization June 25-28, 2012, Minsk, Belarus ISFV15 – Minsk / Belarus – 2012 Generally, the main results represent visual observations and regime maps with qualitative descriptions, point pressure measurements and sometimes the velocity distributions in the region free of cavitation bubbles. In some works, effects of local volume fraction of vapor phase within cavity and in a wake past a foil, liquid temperature, etc., on spatial structure and dynamics of partial cavities were also studied. Depending on flow conditions (hydrofoil surface shape, velocity and pressure fields, at alias), one can distinguish a variety of cavitation patterns (bubble, vortex, cloud and supercavitation, etc.). All types of gas-vapor cavities are divided into partial and super cavities. Partial cavities occur when a cavity closes on the cavitating surface, while a super cavity closes downstream in the wake of the cavitating object. Partial cavitation has further classification (see Laberteaux and Ceccio (2001) 10 for more details). In that work, the authors showed the essential influence of adverse pressure gradients on formation of a turbulent wake. With this, cloud cavitation arises when a large portion of cavity filled with re-entrant fluid breaks off, forming a cavitation cloud. Cervone et al. (2006) 1 studied the impact of thermal cavitation effects on the onset of various forms of cavitation and instabilities. As a result, cavitation regimes were divided into three different zones, which correspond to different behaviours of the upstream pressure frequency spectrum. When a sheet cavity reaches a certain dimension, periodic oscillations of cavity appear, this process is accompanied by cavity (in the form of clouds) shedding downstream. In the paper by Kubota et al. (1989) 9, the authors showed that the cloud cavity consists of a large-scale vortex and cluster of a bulk of small vapor bubbles situated in the centre of the vortex, using Laser Doppler Anemometry approach together with conditional sampling method. In various experiments (e.g. George et al. (2000) 7), it was revealed that oscillations of the cloud cavities have very close Strouhal numbers. Further studies proved a correlation between cloud cavitation and re-entrant jet generated in the region of the cavity closure as a result of the action of opposite pressure gradient (see Callenaere et al. (2001) 4 and Kawanami et al. (1997) 8). Nevertheless, in spite of a large amount of works on investigation of cavitating flows, detailed quantitative information required for optimisation and verification of existing mathematical models is still extremely restricted even for simplified conditions. This is because of difficulty or even impossibility of performing experiments under the fullscale conditions and high costs of tests at expensive laboratory setups. Due to the complexity of cavitating turbulent flows, comprehensive experimental information on the hydrodynamic structure of such flows is extremely useful from the standpoint of development and verification of modern numerical approaches for simulation of sufficiently anisotropic turbulent multi-phase flows. In terms of elaboration of mathematical models describing inception and development of cavitation, the main interest is focused on complex experimental investigations under the simplified geometric conditions (Venturi nozzles, scaled-down shaped bodies, e.g. NACA series hydrofoils, etc.). Acquisition of systematic experimental data for various cavitation regimes is a crucial problem. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Experiments were carried out at the Cavitation tunnel of the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, which represents a closed hydrodynamic circuit. The setup is equipped with two centrifugal pumps, ultrasonic flowmeter, temperature and pressure sensors (see Fig. 1). Dimensions of the tunnel are as follows (LxHxW): 8.4x2.2x1.1 m. Its working section consists of heat exchanger, honeycomb, confuser, test section and diffuser. The temperature of the working liquid is maintained constant by means of the temperature control system consisting of the temperature sensor and electromagnetic valve driven by a PID control. The honeycomb cells are of 25×25 mm cross-section and 500 mm length. The confuser of 790 mm length is made by the fourth-power polynomial profile; the degree of flow compression is equal to 16. The test section is a channel of 80×250 mm rectangular cross-section and 1.3 m length with flat parallel sidewalls. The sidewalls of the test section are equipped with transparent windows to perform visual observations. The divergence angle of diffuser sidewalls adjoining the smaller sidewalls of the test section is 3.5°, while those abutting upon the larger sidewalls are parallel. A special shaft is located above the heat exchanger in order to regulate the static pressure inside the circuit. The reverse channel of the setup includes a swivel elbow on 180 degrees with 750 mm radius and 250x250 mm cross-section, straight pipeline of 300 mm diameter, flow-measuring part and duct supplying working liquid to the pumps. The maximum flow rate through the contour is 1100 m/h, what corresponds to the maximum free flow velocity of 15.3 m/s. The flow rate is adjusted by changing rotation speed of the pumps by frequency convertors. 15 th International Symposium on Flow Visualization June 25-28, 2012, Minsk, Belarus ISFV15 – Minsk / Belarus – 2012 Fig. 1 Sketch of Cavitation tunnel at Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS: P, T – pressure and temperature transducers. EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE In the work, dynamics and spatial structure of partial cavities as well as turbulent characteristics of the flows about a NACA0015 series hydrofoil (100 mm chord) and a cascade of three NACA0015 hydrofoils were investigated in detail for four attack angles α = 0, 3, 6 and 9°. In case with the cascade, the distance between adjacent foils was 60 mm. In order to have optical access to the central foil of the cascade, which is the most representative from the standpoint of modeling, the upper foil was made of polished plexiglass. The other bodies were of brass with relatively high level of roughness (about 2.5 μm). The working liquid was distilled water. The water was not deaerated, the amount of dissolved air in liquid was estimated by Henry's law under the normal conditions and it equaled approximately 0.023 g of air in 1 kg of water. The liquid temperature was equal to 30°C. Overpres


The invention discloses a rust-proof metal coating and a preparation method thereof. The rust-proof metal coating comprises, by weight, 20-40 parts of ammonium lauryl sulfate, 10-60 parts of ribonucleoside triphosphote, 35-70 parts of titanium dioxide, 25-50 parts of polyethylene polyamine, 5-30 parts of sebacic acid, 15-50 parts of isopropanolamine, 40-80 parts of sulfitation, 25-35 parts of octadecanol phosphate sodium salt, 10-40 parts of polyester type carbamic acid ester, 30-90 parts of divinyl tetramine, 30-60 parts of tertiary butyl anthraquinone and 20-70 parts of surface active agent. The preparation method comprises the steps of evenly mixing the ammonium lauryl sulfate, the ribonucleoside triphosphote, the titanium dioxide and the polyethylene polyamine, then adding the octadecanol phosphate sodium salt and the polyester type carbamic acid ester and heating the materials to be at the temperature ranging from 80 DEG C to 90 DEG C so as to perform reaction for 20-30 min; adding the sebacic acid, the isopropanolamine, the sulfitation, the divinyl tetramine, the tertiary butyl anthraquinone and the surface active agent into water at the temperature ranging from 30 DEG C to 40 DEG C to be dissolved, then adding the mixture to perform even stirring. The rust-proof metal coating is good in rust-proof performance, foaming performance and overall performance and wide in application range.


Compositionally modulated structures consisting of La 12xCaxMnO3 ferromagnetic~FM! layers ~x50.33, 0.4, 0.48! and La12yCayMnO3 antiferromagnetic~AF! layers ~y50.52, 0.67, 0.75 ! were grown on (001)LaAlO3 by pulsed laser deposition. Thermomagnetic and isothermal magnetic, magnetotransport measurements reveal an exchange biasing mechanism below a blocking temperature TB'70 K. Between 5 K and TB , the observed exponential thermal decay of coercive ( Hc) and exchange biasing ( HEB) fields follows the drop of magnetization ( MFC) in the field-cooling curves. All the experimental results indicate that thermal fluctuations, different from spin-wave demagnetization, give rise to exponential thermal decay of MFC and determine the observed behavior of Hc and HEB at low T. The extrapolated values of Hc and HEB to zero temperature exhibit a quasilinear dependence on the average interfacial concentration j5(x1y)/2, both decreasing for fixedy50.67 whilex increases or both increasing for fixed x50.4 whiley increases.


Performance of 3×10 Gbps duty-cycle division multiplexing (DCDM) is analyzed. The channel demultiplexing is performed electronically at single user bit rate (10 Gbps). At 30 Gbps, null-to-null spectral width of 80 GHz is measured for DCDM technique which is 33.3% less compared to 30 Gbps conventional return-to-zero (RZ). In this system, the worst channel required a receiver sensitivity of around -25.6 dBm at bit error rate (BER) 10-9. The chromatic dispersion tolerances of the system are 210.5 and 236 ps/nm for the worst and the best channel respectively.


In this paper, four different types of miniaturized Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) based tunable lasers, from photonic MEMS laser designs to fabrication techniques, are introduced. These tunable lasers are MEMS external cavity laser, injection-locked laser, coupled-cavity laser, and dual-wavelength laser. The properties, functionalities and performances of the MEMS-based tunable lasers are individually discussed based on their experimental results. The potential applications in fiber optical communications are also identified. These tunable lasers, which are more innovative in terms of design, specifications and configurations compared to traditional lasers, also provide significant improvements in their functionalities.


Chemical composition,microscopic characteristics,microscopic structure and crystal structure of andalusite from South Tianshan Mountains were systematically analyzed by such means as electron microprobe analysis,microscope observation,X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectra.The results show that the andalusite there has rich Al and contains small amounts of Fe,Mg,Na,Cr,Ti,Mn and Ca,that this mineral assumes porphyroblastic texture and sheet structure,that the unit cell parameters are a_0 0.782 nm,b_0 0.786 nm,and c_0 0.555 nm respectively,and that the characteristics of its infrared absorption spectra are in accordance with those of the ideal atlas.


It is meaningful for researching on monitoring and forecasting technology of slope stability in open pit mine to prevent landslide geological disasters.Based on the mechanical principle of interaction among landslide body,landslide bed and monitoring anchor cable of slope,the mechanical principle of relative movement between landslide body and landslide bed is proposed;and the multi-factor monitoring is transformed into single landslide mechanical monitoring.The relationship between sliding force of slope and pretightening force is provided.According to the physical model experiment of landslide,the stress will change continually inside the landslide mass before the occurrence of landslide.When the sliding force is greater than the anti-sliding force,the deformation and landslide will take place,which means the change of stress will be ahead of displacement.Consequently,monitoring the alteration of stress in the sliding mass is better than that of the displacement.Based on above principle and experiment,the system of real-time remote monitoring and forecasting for geological disasters of landslide is developed,which can realize the real-time remote monitoring of perturbation.Four types of forecasting models corresponding to the system of remote monitoring are also presented.According to the field application to opencast mines slope,this new technology successfully implements monitoring and forecasting for stable condition of slopes.


Abstract Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are important communicators in the international arena, but few studies have explored the encounter between Northern NGOs (NNGOs) and Southern NGOs. This study examines how NNGOs build relationships with Chinese NGOs (CNGOs) online and how network positions affect the amount of local media coverage NNGOs receive. This study revealed three major findings: NNGOs occupied a disadvantageous network position; a close connection with CNGOs was crucial for NNGOs to attract media coverage; and NNGOs' and CNGOs' virtual networks demonstrated structural patterns similar to those of their offline networks. This study calls for attention to a mutually beneficial virtual communication structure.


W e have argued that concluding that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is overdiagnosed is akin to devaluing a useful concept because of some occasional misuse. In response to Dr Merskey and Dr Piper, we take inspiration from a famous quote from Winnicott and would like to emphasize that there is no such thing as a traumatic event. Rather, people experience dangerous events that may turn out to be traumatic. More than 13 years ago, the DSM-IV acknowledged this notion by moving from a so-called objective to a more subjective definition of trauma exposure. From then on, the sterile debate as to which event is worthy of appearing on the DSM's list of recognized traumatic stressors abated. This implied that a large array of previously nonqualifying events were now considered to have some traumatogenic potential, inasmuch as they involved a threat to one's life or to one's integrity and if they were experienced with intense fear, helplessness, or horror. It also meant that seemingly traumatic events were no longer automatically considered as such: not all New Yorkers who were in the city on the day of the 9/11 terrorist attacks are considered as having experienced a traumatic event. When Dr Merskey and Dr Piper argue that the concept of trauma has expanded to include too many kinds of (trivial) life events, they seem to forget the fact that trauma is no longer defined as an event. But most importantly, they fail to recognize that the net effect of this change in definition on reported rates of trauma exposure and on the rates of PTSD is negligible.


The novel Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 brought all sectors to a temporary standstill since its first outbreak in Wuhan China in 2019. The rapid spread of this disease to all countries of the world made it to be declared a pandemic by the world health organization in the first quarter of the year 2020. This pandemic exposed the world population to the understanding of immunity since that was the only remedy at present to this new pandemic. The morbidity and mortality of this new virus were estimated across the globe by many institutions and organizations. The tropical regions where malaria epidemic is more pronounced is less affected by COVID-19 probably due to high immunity already developed by the population as a result of frequent malaria disease and regular use of anti-malarial drug.


Like other institutions with world-class aspirations, Nazarbayev University, an emerging research university in Kazakhstan, relies heavily on international faculty. As this rapidly growing institution builds its legitimacy, it has to attract, socialize, and retain the best academic talent from around the world. Using a survey design, this study examines the largely understudied phenomena of organizational socialization and job satisfaction of international faculty using the case of Nazarbayev University.


Library database is an important platform for resource retrieval. With the cultural turn of translation, library database plays a certain auxiliary role in the cultural construction of translation, and the rational construction of translation's cultural database will bring imperceptible effects on the cultural research of translation. This paper, guided by the view of cultural translation, analyzes the auxiliary role of library database in the construction of translation culture, and puts forward some strategies for the construction of translation culture in the library database, so as to enrich translation studies and enhance the cultural confidence of translation students.


 16 Naka-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184  8588, Japan ) Polymerization of 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybiphenyl and 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybis ( 1-naphthyl ) as acyl-acceptor monomers and 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybis ( 1-naphthylylene ) -6,6 ′ -dicarboxylic acid / -dicarbonyl chloride and 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybiphenyl dicarboxylic acid / -dicarbonyl chloride as acyl-donor monomer in the electrophilic aromatic aroylation polycondensation is discussed. 2,2 ′ -Dimethoxybis ( 1-naphthyl ) only gave medium molecular weight aromatic polyketones by phosphorous pentoxide-methanesulfonic acid ( P 2 O 5  MsOH ) -mediated electrophilic aromatic aroylation polycondensation with 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybiphenyl and its dicarboxylic acid, whereas 2,2 ′ -dimethoxybiphenyl has proved to be far more effective acyl-acceptant ability to give various aromatic polyketones with arenedicarboxylic acids / -dicarbonyl chlorides with the aid of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ( TfOH ) or P 2 O 5  MsOH. In general, the reactivity of acyl-acceptor monomer determines the susceptibility of electrophilic aromatic aroylation polycondensation. Furthermore, we could show that TfOH with arenedicarbonyl chloride has tolerable activity with sufficient selectivity and


(1) The points A, I, L.; B, I, I 2 ; C, I, I3 are collinear. So are I,, A, I3; I3, B, I ] ; Iit C, I2. These results expressed in words are: The six bisectors of the interior and the exterior angles of a triangle meet three and three in four points which are the centres of the four circles touching the sides of the triangle. Or The six straight lines joining two and two the centres of the four circles which touch the sides of a triangle pass each through one of the vertices of the triangle.


This paper proposes a novel approach to interference avoidance via inter-cell relaying in cellular OFDMA-TDD (orthogonal frequency division multiple access - time division duplex) systems. The proposed scheme, termed asymmetry balancing, is targeted towards next-generation cellular wireless systems which are envisaged to have ad hoc and multi-hop capabilities. Asymmetry balancing resolves the detrimental base station (BS)-to-BS interference problem inherent to TDD networks by synchronizing the TDD switching points (SPs) across cells. In order to maintain the flexibility of TDD in serving the asymmetry demands of individual cells, inter-cell relaying is employed. It is demonstrated that asymmetry balancing offers great flexibility in uplink (UL)- downlink (DL) resource allocation. In addition, results show that a spectral efficiency improvement of more than 100% can be obtained with respect to a case where the TDD SPs are adapted to the cell-specific demands.


Weeds in agriculture are controlled indirectly by strategic management tools (crop rotation, fertilization, tillage). Herbicide use is a direct tactical management tool for weed control. However, strategic and tactical measures interact together regarding weed management and thereby influence weed infestations and herbicide use. This study investigated the impact of strategic and tactical decisions in combination. It describes the development of a heuristic, which can be applied for different weed situations. By considering weed densities and species specific loss factors flexible herbicide decisions are derived for specific weed infestations and a given herbicide intensity. The implementation of decisions based on the heuristic is shown as an example for winter wheat crops in a rotation experiment at the study sites Rostock and Göttingen (Germany). The intensity of herbicide use serves for contrasts with three degrees (high, medium and low) representing three levels of target efficacy (100%, 85% and 60%). The introduced heuristic enables reproducible decisions for various weed infestations. First results show reduced herbicide use from high to the low level of herbicide intensity in terms of reduced numbers of active ingredients use.


METHODS. Double blind, placebo-controlled HE challenges were performed by using boiled eggs, and if these were tolerated, challenges were performed with raw eggs. Subjects were placed in 3 groups: group A (allergic) subjects were clinically reactive to boiled egg (and were considered likely to be reactive to raw egg); group PT (partially tolerant) reacted to raw egg but tolerated boiled egg; and group ST (sensitized but tolerant) subjects were sensitized to HE but tolerated raw and boiled egg. Total and specific IgE levels for HE white and yolk were detected by using ImmunoCAP (Phadia, Sweden). Specific IgE to Gal d 1, Gal d 2, Gal d 3, and Gal d 5 were measured by using immunosolid phase allergen chip 103 microarray test (PBD, Austria), which tests 103 allergenic molecules for IgE.


Betalains are nitrogen - containing plant pigments whose colors range from red - violet beta cyanins to yellow betaxanthins. They are used as color ants dairy products, meat and frozen desserts. An investigation was carried out to find the acceptable level of beetroot juice as a natural coloring agent for strawberry flavour ice cream and assess the sensor y scored of the resultant product. Beetroot juice was incorporated at different level in strawberry flavor ice cream. Prepared ice cream was subjected to sensory analysis and found out the optimum level of inclusion of beetroot juice in the ice cream prepa ration.


Former senior medical officer Ratnam's Private Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka (b Colombo 1920; q Colombo Medical College 1947), died from a stroke on 24 October 2003.2003.

Figure 1

Terry did a brief spell in the Government Hospital in Mannar and joined Ratnam's Private Hospital, Colombo, where he continued for 55 years. Like his father, Terry was attendant physician to the archbishop of Colombo. A devout Catholic, Terry took a keen interest in his garden and had a passion for old cars. He leaves a wife, Rita; two children; and four grandchildren.


Except for vessels themselves and a small number of kilns, little evidence from mainland Greece has survived that provides clues about how vessels were formed. This lack of evidence is coupled with a scholarly focus on fabrics, shapes and illustrations in catalogues, resulting in a mere cursory treatment of forming techniques. Unfortunately, this lack of engagement with the specifics of pottery manufacture has allowed misconceptions to persist in scholarship. More importantly, the demonstrated association of manufacture with specific facets of identity should encourage us to place forming techniques at the centre of our investigations.


The spin structure of the nucleon is studied in the COMPASS experiment at CERN/SPS, from the collisions of 160 GeV polarized muon beam with a 6LiD target. The data collected from 2002 to 2006 provide an accurate measurement of longitudinal double spin cross‐section asymmetries. The latest results on the gluon polarization, accessed from two independent analyses of photon‐gluon fusion selected events, are presented. The study of the open‐charm production allows to extract the gluon polarization (in LO QCD) from the measurement of the asymmetry, the value obtained being Δg/g = −0.49±0.27(stat)±0.11(syst), at an average xg = 0.11−0.05+0.11 and a scale 〈μ2〉 = 13(GeV/c)2. An alternative and independent way to study the gluon polarization, by studying the high transverse momentum hadron pairs produced, leads to a value Δg/g = 0.08±0.10(stat)±0.05(syst), at xgaν = 0.082−0.027+0.041 and 〈μ2〉 = 3(GeV/c)2.


BACKGROUND
 The proliferation of advanced wearable medical technologies is increasing the production of Patient-Generated Health Data (PGHD). However, there is lack of evidence on whether the quality of the data generated from wearables can be effectively used for patient care. In order for PGHD to be utilized for decision making by health providers, it needs to be of high quality, that is, it must comply with standards defined by health care organizations and be accurate, consistent, complete and unbiased. Although medical wearables record highly accurate data, there are other technology issues as well as human factors that affect PGHD quality when it is collected and shared under patients' control to ultimately used by health care providers.

 OBJECTIVE
 This paper explores human factors and technology factors that impact on the quality of PGHD from medical wearables for effective use in clinical care.

 METHODS
 We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 PGHD stakeholders in Australia, the US, and the UK. Participants include ten health care providers working with PGHD from medical wearables in diabetes, sleep disorders, and heart arrhythmia, five health IT managers, and two executives. The participants were interviewed about seven data quality dimensions including accuracy, accessibility, coherence, institutional environment, interpretability, relevancy, and timeliness. Open coding of the interview data identified several technology and human issues related to the data quality dimensions regarding the clinical use of PGHD.

 RESULTS
 The overarching technology issues mentioned by participants include lack of advanced functionalities such as real-time alerts for patients as well as complicated settings which can result in errors. In terms of PGHD coherence, different wearables have different data capture mechanisms for the same health condition that create different formats which result in difficult PGHD interpretation and comparison. Another technology issue that is relevant to the current ICT infrastructure of the health care settings is lack of possibility in real-time PGHD access by health care providers which reduce the value of PGHD use. Besides, health care providers addressed a challenge on where PGHD is stored and who truthfully owns the data that affect the feasibility of PGHD access. The human factors included a lack of digital health literacy among patients which shape both the patients' motivation and their behaviors toward PGHD collection. For example, the gaps in data recording shown in the results indicate the wearable was not used for a time duration. Participants also identified the cost of devices as a barrier to the long-term engagement and use of wearables.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Using PGHD garnered from medical wearables is problematic in clinical contexts due to low-quality data influenced by technology and human factors. At present, no guidelines have been defined to assess PGHD quality. Hence, there is a need for new solutions to overcome the existing technology and human-related barriers to enhance PGHD quality.