Graph Fourier transform (GFT) is one of the fundamental tools in graph signal processing to decompose graph signals into different frequency components and to represent graph signals with strong correlation by different modes of variation effectively. The GFT on undirected graphs has been well studied and several approaches have been proposed to define GFTs on directed graphs. In this paper, based on the singular value decompositions of some graph Laplacians, we propose two GFTs on the Cartesian product graph of two directed graphs. We show that the proposed GFTs could represent spatial-temporal data sets on directed networks with strong correlation efficiently, and in the undirected graph setting they are essentially the joint GFT in the literature. In this paper, we also consider the bandlimiting procedure in frequency domains of the proposed GFTs, and demonstrate its performances to denoise the hourly temperature data sets collected at 32 weather stations in the region of Brest (France) and at 218 locations in the United States.


The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for rectifying an alternating voltage using at least one diode (D1), is bridged at which the diode (D1) by an electronic switching element (S) having a smaller passage resistance than the diode (D1), and in which the switching element (S) is controlled so that its passage of time (ton) to that (Ton) of the diode (D1) coincide. The passage of time (ton) of the switching element (S) is controlled so that it (D1) ends earlier than that (Ton) of the diode and with a delay (t1) with respect to the passage of time (Ton) of the diode (D1) begins. The switching element (S), a switching regulator (1) for controlling the same, and optionally further components (R1, D2) may be used in a semiconductor switch unit (SW) to be integrated, which is characterized in that it has smaller forward losses in the rectification as the diode.


Introduction Pulmonary inflammation and infection are important clinical and prognostic markers of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, whether in young children they are transient findings or have cumulative, long-term impacts on respiratory health is largely unknown. We aimed to determine whether their repeated detection has a deleterious effect on structural lung disease. Methods All patients aged <6 years with annual computed tomography (CT) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were included. Structural lung disease on CT (%Disease) was determined using the PRAGMA-CF (Perth–Rotterdam Annotated Grid Morphometric Analysis for CF) method. The number of times free neutrophil elastase (NE) and infection were detected in BAL were counted, to determine cumulative BAL history. Linear mixed model analysis, accounting for repeat visits and adjusted for age, was used to determine associations. Results 265 children (683 scans) were included for analysis, with BAL history comprising 1161 visits. %Disease was significantly associated with the number of prior NE (0.31, 95% CI 0.09–0.54; p=0.007) but not infection (0.23, 95% CI −0.01–0.47; p=0.060) detections. Reference equations were determined. Conclusions Pulmonary inflammation in surveillance BAL has a cumulative effect on structural lung disease extent, more so than infection. This provides a strong rationale for therapies aimed at reducing inflammation in young children. Pulmonary inflammation and infection have cumulative effects on structural lung disease in young children with CF. These observations underscore the importance of developing anti-inflammatory interventions for use in early life. http://bit.ly/2VRo8qv


TUDIES of the control of recombination frequencies (abbreviated "RFs" ) have several aims: to determine how genetic and environmental controls of RFs operate, to provide information on the mechanism of recombination, and to find way of manipulating RFs to suit breeding programmes. The present study concerns details of the control system and the time, or times, in the meiotic cycle at which an environmental factor, temperature, affects RFs. The meiotic stages at which temperature is reported to affect recombination or chiasma frequencies lare: leptotene or later (Sphaerocarpus-hEL 1965) , zygotene to pachytene (Chlamydomonas-LAWRENCE 1965) and zygotene (SchistoCerca-HENDERsoN 1966). These stages are after meiotic DNA duplication and are consistent with the time of crossing over proposed in hybrid-DNA models ( WHITEHOUSE 1963; HOLLIDAY 1964). In contrast, GRELL and CHANDLEY (Drosophila-1965) and LEVINE (Chlamydomonas-1956) reported that the time of temperature effect on recombination was close to that of meiotic DNA duplication. The latter findings, which are consistent with copy-choice models of recombination (LEDERBERG 1955), involve the assumption that the time at which an organism is sensitive to temperature treatments affecting RFs is actually the time at which recombination occurs. This assumption has been tested here in Sordaria fimicola.


A multicenter prospective study was carried out to evaluate whether a vapor‐heated factor VIII concentrate transmitted blood‐borne viral infections over a surveillance period of 15 months. Thirty‐five patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand disease who had never received any blood components were treated. Twenty‐eight were analyzed and found not to have non‐A,non‐B hepatitis. Sera from 20 of these 28 patients were also tested for the antibody to the hepatitis C virus. None had sero‐converted during the follow‐up period. None of the patients analyzed developed markers of the hepatitis B virus (n = 17) or the human immunodeficiency virus (n = 31). This vapor‐heated factor VIII concentrate carries a low risk of transmitting hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.


At present many embedded equipments need to connect Internet in the field of industrial control , intelligent instrument and information appliance, etc. In allusion to the actuality, we put forward a solution based on a single chip IP2022.It realizes the connection between embedded equipment with RS485 serial interface and Ethernet. The paper mostly introduces the IP2022 chip, the hardware structure, the system's interface circuit and the software design. The advantages of the project are small bulk, low power waste, short development time and high practicality value.


Although the drug licensing process was introduced to ensure that medicines are safe, up to 90% of products are used in an unauthorized or off-label manner in the neonatal population, especially if neonates are treated in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This is also the case for the use of meropenem, a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against many multidrug-resistant bacteria. Meropenem is approved in the United States since 1996 and in Europe since 1997 for the treatment of bacterial meningitis and/or complicated intra-abdominal infections in children ≥3 months of age. However, meropenem is frequently used in an off-label manner in infants <3 months of age and especially for the treatment of neonatal infections. For this reason, the evaluation of meropenem in neonates started a few years ago. Two population pharmacokinetic (PK) studies demonstrated that clearance was dependent on gestational and postnatal ages [1, 2]. In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Cohen-Wolkowiez and coauthors report the results of an openlabel study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of meropenem in neonates [3]. This important study involved 19 pediatric or neonatal US departments and included 200 neonates of various gestational and postnatal ages. Based on the PK data, the dosage regimen was adapted to bodyweight and gestational and postnatal ages. Effectiveness (ie, the extent to which a treatment achieves its intended purpose) was defined as a patient being alive, with negative bacterial cultures from sterile body fluid and with a presumptive clinical cure score ≥7, after meropenem treatment. The study began in June 2008 (clinical trials registration NCT00621192), and the results of the study have been accepted for publication. Additional data on efficacy will be provided by 2 studies called NeoMero 1 and NeoMero 2 (NTC01551394 and NT015544124, respectively), both conducted in Europe in infants <90 days of age with bacterial meningitis or lateonset sepsis. At completion date (estimated to be July 2014), meropenem will have a complete and very informative evaluation in neonates, conducted step by step, based on a population PK study, the intermediate effectiveness and safety evaluation published today, a randomized controlled trial for efficacy in neonatal sepsis, and additional PK data in neonatal meningitis. This will hopefully allow a marketing authorization for meropenem in neonates for the treatment of suspected or proven infection, including complicated forms (intra-abdominal infection, meningitis), but obtained >15 years after marketing authorization in infants. Although such a plan is ideal, obviously it is a long process that cannot be undertaken for all drugs requiring evaluation in neonates because of a low population size with a large variation of diseases, ethical limitations, regulatory requirements, length of studies, costs, and lack of trained investigators. Therefore, the question remains of how to evaluate antibiotics in neonates: Is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) always required for an effective and safe use of antibiotics in neonates or to receive a marketing authorization? Although RCT is the gold standard to demonstrate efficacy, the obligation of conducting RCT trials when antibacterial efficacy has already been established in other pediatric age groups and in adults may be questioned as they may be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to conduct for many reasons, including the following:


The Turpan Flaming Mountain geological vestige with its unique landscape,hot and dry climate,dense culture of the journey to the west,attracts domestic and foreign tourists to visit and travel.Through investigation and analysis of summary,the formation mechanism of Turpan Flaming Mountain geological vestige is closely related to other conditions,such as stratum and geological structure and external force etc.


2014 The concept of contrast variation due to nuclear polarization has been reformulated with the emphasis on small angle neutron scattering (SANS) of polymers in solution. SANS has been performed on solid solutions of polystyrene in deuterated toluene. The hydrogen nuclei have been polarized dynamically by the solid effect. Using an unpolarized neutron beam, a nuclear polarization of 50 % enhanced the intensity of the small angle scattering by a factor of 2 with respect to a non-polarized sample. J. Phys. France 50 (1989) 2375-2388 1er SEPTEMBRE 1989, Classification Physics Abstracts 36.20 61.12E 61.40K 76.70E


Textbooks, journals and online resources about adult infectious diseases. Bibliographic and other databases to find relevant articles from journals, conference proceedings, etc.


To cast light on how households in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, are reacting to the crisis, IFPRI's Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (ESSP), with the support of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), has begun a series of monthly phone surveys. Initial data demonstrate that poorer households are taking a greater economic hit than those with higher incomes, and that dietary diversity has declined. The results suggest the food security situation in Addis Ababa could sharply deteriorate in the coming weeks if disease transmission and social distancing measures continue.


Regarding the increasing demand of good organic manure, we made an attempt to generate a modified vermicompost from biogas slurry amended cattle manure. For this, six trials including control were run in pots by adding 2−10% (w/w, fw.) biogas slurry to cattle manure for 21 days for composting and 60 days for vermicomposting using E. eugeniae earthworms (10 per 500 g) under aerobic condition keeping moisture level of 70±5% within the overall temperature range of 13−39°C. The use of bacterial inoculants increased the agricultural quality of the compost and accelerated the composting process. After being maturity, pH of the vermicompost reached to 7.66, indicating that it has excellent nutrient releasing capability. Since EC of the produced vermicompost is less than 1.60 dS m−1, it has high cation-exchange capacity, which is beneficial to soil texture and plant health. An increment in 163% of available P in the vermicompost (6.35 ± 0.78 mg g-1, dw) than that in the compost and the highest increment of 264% with respect to control indicated that it was a better organic fertilizer and hence might be an alternative to P2O5. The worm-processed material for trials T1-T5 showed 10.0–32.5% more exchangeable K than control (T0). An increment of 43.84% in total N and an decrease of 15.6% in total organic C makes the vermicompost ideal for use for its lowest C:N ratio of 15:1, whereas it was 35:1 in compost. Each of the N-P-K contents was elevated significantly that made it a potential organic fertilizer. Comparison of the key parameters with vermicomposts of buffalo, pig, goat, horse, chicken and sheep manures of different countries confirms that the produced vermicompost could serve as an excellent organic manure.


Objective:To investigate the compliance and relapse rate of senile depressive patients treated with sertraline.Method:A total of 258 senile depressive patients were assigned to take sertraline(n=132)or amitriptyline(n=126).The compliance and reapse rate were observed in the 6th,12th,24th,36th months by consultant,telephone or letter.Results:The compliance of sertraline group was significantly better than that of amitriptyline group.The relapse rate was significantly lower in sertraline than in amitriptyline.The side effects were fewer in sertraline group.Conclusion:Sertraline may be as maintenance treatment in senile depressive patients.


Fruits and vegetables are highly perishable agricultural commodities with high nutritional values and some are seasonal. Edible films and coatings can extend the shelf life and improve the quality of fruits and vegetables by creating a modified atmosphere inside the fruit due to their barrier properties to gases and moisture. Coating materials can also act as carriers of food additives such as antioxidants and/or antimicrobial agents. Some reports says that along with carnauba wax combined with nisin can prevent many microorganisms, extends the shelf life of the products. Carnauba wax is also called as Brazil wax and palm wax, is a wax of the leaves of the palm Copernicia prunifera, a plant native to and grown only in the northeastern Brazilian states.The aim of this work is to review the existing knowledge of the way in which edible coatings like carnauba wax and nisin can improve the shelf life of salad vegetables during storage at room temp as well as at low temperature.


A micro-Gal absolute gravimeter based on high-precision and high-stability heterodyne interferometer is presented. The distance measuring technology of the gravimeter is studied in detail. The experimental results of distance measuring for a free-falling motion show that the high-precision heterodyne interferometer described in this paper can meet the demand of a micro-Gal absolute gravimeter with relative uncertainty of 6.4*10^(-9). Moreover, the heterodyne interferometer is more stable than the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which is widely used in present absolute gravimeters.


A purely deterministic approach in geotechnical engineering usually is chosen despite there is enough knowledge about the uncertainties and spatial variability of the soil parameters. The geotechni- cal design and recommendations are based on some field observations, measurements and calculations with homogenized material and simplified models. These affect the results and important decisions in the design process. With the knowledge of the spatial variation and autocorrelation of the parameters, statisti- cal methods can be applied in geotechnical design as well as in the risk assessment of the earthen struc- tures. The Paper delivers statistical data and methods to handle these, which are investigated systemati- cally in a river dike. The importance of the spatial variation and autocorrelation of the grain size distribution is demonstrated regarding suffusion phenomena.


The paper abstract should begin in the left column, 0.* inches below the final address. The heading 'Abstract' should be centered, bold, and in ** point type. Th e abstract body should use 10 point type, with a vertical spacing of ** points, and should be indented 0.25 inches more than normal on left-hand and right-hand margins. Insert 0.4 inches of bl ank space after the body. Keep your abstract brief, limiting it to one paragraph and no more than six or seven sentences.


objective:The preventing effects of the solution isolated from hydrocctyle sibthorpioides lam were observed on acute liver injury in mice.Methods:The studies on acute liver injury in mice were carried out by the manner of toxicosis induced by CCl 4 po administered at one time;and toxicosis induced by ANIT po.administered at one time,in order to observe the activity of serum ALT and changes of histopathology in hepatic tissue,and the changes of the content of MDA in liver and in,and the changes of content on serum total bilirubin(TBil).Results:the solution isolated from hydrocctyle sibthorpioides lam could significantly decrease the activity of serum ALT in toxicosis mice induced CCl 4,in addition,it could significantly atternuate the changes of pathology such as in necrosis and vacuolar degeneration and acidophilic degeneration and inflammatory infiltration in hepatic cell;furthermore,it could marked inhibit the content of serum total bilirubin.Conclusion:hydrocctyle sibthorpioides lam prevent the chemical injury by the different manner


Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), such as warfarin, are widely used for prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis. Although oral or intravenous vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma are often used to reverse the anticoagulant effects of warfarin in patients who are bleeding, this approach has important limitations. Restoration of hemostasis with vitamin K relies on the hepatic synthesis of vitamin K–dependent procoagulant proteins, factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X, a process that takes >6 hours. Fresh frozen plasma provides an immediate source of functional vitamin K–dependent clotting proteins, but large volumes are often required to normalize the international normalized ratio (INR). This can be problematic because it takes time to match blood type and thaw and infuse fresh frozen plasma, and the large volumes can lead to fluid overload, particularly in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function.

Article see p 1234

Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) provides an alternative to fresh frozen plasma for reversal of VKA-induced coagulopathy (Table). Originally developed as a source of factor IX for treatment of patients with hemophilia B, 3-factor PCC contains factors II, IX, and X but little or no factor VII. In contrast to 3-factor PCC, 4-factor PCC also contains significant amounts of factor VII. Both 3- and 4-factor PCC contain protein C and protein S, and some may also contain small amounts of heparin, which is added to prevent activation of the clotting proteins.

View this table:

Table.
Available Treatments for Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonist–Associated Coagulopathy

PCC contains the vitamin K-dependent clotting proteins in a lyophilized form and can be stored at room temperature for several years. No thawing or blood-type matching is required, and after reconstitution with a small volume of sterile water (20–40 mL), PCC can be rapidly administered without risk of fluid overload. Additional advantages of PCC over fresh …


In recent years of enrollment expansion of colleges and universities at the same time national education implement preferential policies for minority students, the number of ethnic minorities in the colleges and universities With national its particularity and complexity, the western college attaches great importance to the minority students' ideological education, with the western economic development, the ethnic students in colleges and universities education also has many problems of improving education quality.


According to the overall design requirement of tank infrared observing-aiming system,a cooled LWIR refractive / diffractive athermal telephoto objective is designed in order to meet the requirements of infrared target detection in battlefield environments. The telephoto objective is composed of objective and relay lens. The focal length is-200 mm,the F number is 2. 1,and the full field of view is 3. 6°. The detector is the MARS-VLW LWIR focal plane array produced by Sofradir Company. Its resolution is 320 × 256 pixels,and the pixel size is 30 μm × 30 μm. The image quality of this telephoto objective is excellent. In the temperature range of-40 ℃ ~ 60 ℃,MTF of each field of view is about 0. 5 at the cutoff frequency of 17 cy / mm,the root mean square radius of spot diagram for each field of view is much smaller than the Airy spot radius(34. 5 μm). The cold-shield efficiency is 100%. This infrared telephoto objective can be used for other infrared observing-aiming system.


nd that these error bounds can be loose by up to sixteen orders of magnitude for some molecules. Furthermore, numerical results for small systems fail to reveal any clear correlation between ground state error and number of spin-orbitals. We instead argue that chemical properties, such as the maximum nuclear charge in a molecule and the lling fraction of orbitals, can be decisive for determining the cost of a quantum simulation. Our analysis motivates several strategies to use classical processing to further reduce the required Trotter step size and to estimate the necessary number of steps, without requiring additional quantum resources. Finally, we demonstrate improved methods for state preparation techniques which are asymptotically superior to proposals in the simulation literature.


The problems faced by agroforestry farmers in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed (DAS) of West Java Province include fluctuating commodity prices, limited maintenance capital, and low selling value at the farmer level so that the income of agroforestry farmers has not been sustainable. The objectives of this study are to determine the formulation of agroforestry type and income feasibility of the agroforesty farmers in Ciliwung Hulu basin of West Java Province. This research used the survey method and direct interviews with the respondents. Data analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of agroforestry farmer respondents and analysis on their income. The results showed that the actual farmer income of the agroforestry farmers in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed in West Java Province is generally still low and has not fulfilled the needs of decent living. The actual type of agroforestry applied by the farmers has produced the lowest income of Rp 8,287,750/ha/year in the Cibalok sub-watershed whereas the highest income is Rp 103,333,500/ha/year in Cisukabirus sub-watershed. Formulation of farmer income of the agroforestry type in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed of West Java Province after improvements with the addition of goats has been able to provide income that can support decent living. The income of agroforestry farmers in Ciliwung Hulu Watershed of West Java Province has fulfilled the needs for decent living because the net income that the farmers receive is over Rp. 36,000,000/household/year so that the life of agroforestry farmers and their families has been sustainable. This research is expected to be useful not only for farmers, but also for agricultural extension workers, policy makers at the district and provincial levels.


Background: The elastic framework of the distal lung has been studied by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The preservation of the elastic fibres, for the three‐dimensional observation in their relative positions, is difficult because they lack support when the normal methods of tissue processing are used. The goal of the present study was to understand the three‐dimensional ultrastructure and organization of the elastic fibres of the lung preserved in their relative positions.


Cassava peels of mixed varieties, harvested at 11 months of age were used during an 8-week trial period involving 66 day-old Hyperco cockerels. The chicks were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments, A (dry meal) and B (wet meal). The mean daily feed intake, water consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and abdominal fat deposit values showed significant (P 0.05) effects of the treatments on carcass weight and composition. The use of wet cassava peel meal is beneficial to cockerel chick growth performance.


Since 1989 the study site in Vienna'sMedical faculty has started its operations step by step inside the NewGeneral Hospital. In the editorial on "training of practical skills" the operational start of the "Skills-Lab" is only recognized in 1996. We have therefore checked the developmental history by reference to distinctly diverse documents: design papers, project reports by the study site and university calendars, all of which only exist in print form for this era and are mainly "grey literature". Equally difficult to find by present-day means are papers presented at congresses and local publications [1], [2]. According to those sources it needs to be recorded that an elective course on training of practical skills was first announced for the winter term 1992/93, the experience of which was presented at the AMEEcongress 1993 and is also reported in a monograph of the Viennese study commission [3], [4]. This investigation has revived thememory that systematic skills training has started in Vienna almost 25 years ago and has brought back a number of questions: what were the supporting factors that had contributed to this early innovation? How has this institution developed from its role as an "early adopter"? What is the current status of scientific documents and publications that are difficult to access? How significant are statements concerning the institution's seniority anyway? After all various elements for the training of practical skills have been used for a long time, such as obstetrical phantoms, support devices to train auscultation or ophthalmological models (e.g. in Berne, Switzerland). In this respect one would rather have to pose the question why it has taken so long to transform those early approaches into "major projects" – resp. which factors have induced the vigorous development in the "D-A-CH Region" (Germany/Austria/Switzerland) approximately since the turn of themillennium [5].


Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is recognized as a powerful engineering tool. That is, CFD has advanced over the years to the point where it can now give us deep insight into the analysis of very complex processes. There is a danger, though, that an engineer can place too much confidence in a simulation. If a user is not careful, it is easy to believe that if you plug in the numbers, the answer comes out, and you are done. This assumption can lead to significant errors. As we discovered in the course of a study on behalf of the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina, CFD models fail to capture some of the large variations inherent in complex processes. These variations, or scatter, in experimental data emerge from physical tests and are inadequately captured or expressed by calculated mean values for a process. This anomaly between experiment and theory can lead to serious errors in engineering analysis and design unless a correction factor, or safety factor, is experimentally validated. For this study, blending times for the mixing of salt solutions in large storage tanks were the process of concern under investigation. This study focused on the blendingmore » processes needed to mix salt solutions to ensure homogeneity within waste tanks, where homogeneity is required to control radioactivity levels during subsequent processing. Two of the requirements for this task were to determine the minimum number of submerged, centrifugal pumps required to blend the salt mixtures in a full-scale tank in half a day or less, and to recommend reasonable blending times to achieve nearly homogeneous salt mixtures. A full-scale, low-flow pump with a total discharge flow rate of 500 to 800 gpm was recommended with two opposing 2.27-inch diameter nozzles. To make this recommendation, both experimental and CFD modeling were performed. Lab researchers found that, although CFD provided good estimates of an average blending time, experimental blending times varied significantly from the average.« less


abStraCt Vertical traceability along the internal value chain illustrated in Figure 1 below allows us to establish a charge back system for the use of IT services. In addition the fine-grain Interaction approach to implementing chargeback also encourages the discipline needed for other initiatives like capacity management, audit procedures, and aligning of IT investments with business needs. How to achieve this alignment is the subject of this chapter. Why is a good chargeback model important for the effective organization? • How is the chargeback model developed based on the BioS work products? • How are chargeback and capacity management related? • Why is a good chargeback model closely tied to retaining flexibility, effectiveness , service-level management, and a tool for customer-oriented management and visibility? Today's enterprise must maintain a diverse portfolio of IT applications to support critical business Interactions and drive the processes responsible for the day-today operations and management of internal and external business services. At the same time there is a need to manage the total cost of ownership, reduce overall


The bone marrow transplant is the only effective treatment for a range of diseases such as hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, and many inherited disorders of the hematopoietic and / or immune system. In the classical method of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) donors' bone marrow is used as a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are needed to replace the patients' bone marrow recipient. Discovering in the mid 70's, that HSCs are contained in umbilical cord blood (UCB) led to the first hematopoietic cell transplant with UCB transplant, in 1989. The capability of collecting and maintaining UCB in cell banks resulted to more than 20.000 UCB transplants worldwide, to date, with great success. The cord blood banks provide services including collection, preservation and processing of blood from the umbilical cord and placenta of newborns, in order to isolate HSCs for future therapeutic use. The purpose of this paper is to report on requirements for the establishment of a public UCB bank as well as how it is organized in order to carry out important work for the community. The work consists of four chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to transplantation refering to basic concepts in the field. Then comes the second chapter which speaks for storage of UCB-HSCs in cell banks, about types of banks exist and the conditions needed for the operation of such banks. The third chapter will refer to the organizational structure of a public UCB bank in accordance with current European institutional framework. In the fourth chapter we analyze the economic and the financial cost of operating a public UCB bank. The methodology was based on literature review and electronic sources.


In this paper,it introduces the clustering algorithm,and how to use the algorithm in details. The principle of it is to get density of each point according to radius parameter,and arrange the point clustered by data from large to small. Each time,it starts to cluster with the point with the largest density,and finds every points which shall connect with the point as one class. In the residual points,find one point with the largest density,followed by the above method,to cluster. At last,it finds each class,and puts the points not belong to every class as outlier.


Ultrathin aluminum oxide films (≤20 A thick) on Ru(0001) and Re(0001) surfaces have been grown by depositing aluminum in an oxygen ambient (0.5–1×10−5 Torr), and have been characterized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy ion scattering (LEIS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. No LEED pattern is observed from the films of thickness ≳5 A deposited on either surface at 300 K. Long range order of the films is achieved by depositing aluminum in ambient oxygen at elevated substrate temperatures (≥970 K). The LEIS results indicate three‐dimensional growth for the films on these substrates at 1170 K. Films on Re(0001) show sharper LEED patterns than those on Ru(0001) substrates. Analysis of the XPS Al 2s/O 1s area ratios indicate that the films are stoichiometric.


【Objective】To assess the diagnosis,severity of ulcerative colitis and treatment effectiveness with mini-probe ultrasound colonoscopy before and after using sulfasalazine tablets clinically.【Methods】Totally 25 patients suffered from mild and medium ulcerative colitis accepted the treatment with sulfasalazine tablets for 6 weeks.Before and after the treatment,the maximal and average thickness,and the thickness of the first,second and third layer of colon and rectum were measured on the loci with most obvious inflammation using mini-probe ultrasound colonoscopy,and then compared statistically.【Results】After the treatment,the maximal thickness,average thickness and the thickness of first,second and third layer of colon and rectum were all decreased(P 0.01).【Conclusions】The patients suffering from ulcerative colitis have thicker colon and rectum wall on mucosa and submucous layer,especial submucous layer.After the treatment with sulfasalazine tablets,the symptoms and the image of colonoscopy will be improved;the thickness of the wall will be decreased detected by mini-probe ultrasound colonoscopy.Mini-probe ultrasound colonoscopy helps for the diagnosis and the treatment effectiveness assessment of ulcerative colitis.


Accepted 13 November 1995 A 38-year-old woman developed ulcerating skin lesions on the upper and lower limbs and anterior chest, accompanied by low-grade fever. These lesions evolved rapidly from erythaematous furunculoid papulopustules to necrotic ulcers and were very painful. A trial of antibiotic treatment (for suspected furunculosis) was ineffective. One month later a migratory arthritis appeared, with no improvement on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. A few weeks later, she had numerous episodes of diarrhoea, with bright red blood rectally. At this time she was admitted to the internal medicine department for evaluation. Physical findings were unremarkable, except for necrotic ulcers on the upper and lower limbs (figures 1 and 2) and anterior chest and arthritis of left elbow and left ankle. The X-ray of the involved joints showed no erosive disease and there was no infectious aetiology demonstrable. IHA for amoeba, stool ova and parasites, and stool cultures were negative. Proctosigmoidoscoy showed granular, friable mucosa with severe ulcerations and histopathological features of acute and chronic inflammation. The biopsy of the skin ulceration showed polymorphonuclear infiltration and oedema in the epidermis associated with interstitial and perivascular infiltration with lymphocytes, and mononuclear cells in the dermis with moderate evidence of vasculitis.


The storage structure on the data block of the current blockchain systems is still a linked list. This traditional structure is one-way and is not efficient for query operation. In view of this, we proposed a novel searching structure based on a height balanced Binary Search Tree (BST). The data structure we proposed not only retains the characteristics of the traditional ledgers but also adds the function of quick query. Through the new data structure, we can quickly find the starting position of the search and start searching for all transaction records within a specified range of time from this position. We also made an analysis and comparisons in the final.


Tribological behaviour of polymer and hard coating films is complicated with bio-lubricant. Contacting and kinematic conditions of a knee joint when a person in running was simulated in the study. Substrates of specimens are Ti6Al4V and 316LVM stainless steel. Two kinds of polymer films, PCL-PEG-PCL and mPEG-PCL-mPEG, were used to simulate the tissue of cartilage. The silicon nitride film, SiNxHy prepared by PECVD, was used as a protecting film, and it's thickness about 1000 nm under the polymer film. The testing device was developed, upper specimen is rotated reversely and the lower one is moved linearly forward and backward for 6 mm. A frequency vibration is applied under the lower specimen to simulate the vibration caused from walking, which is sated 2 Hz. Two torque meters are used for friction measurement in rotational and sliding directions. Experiments simulated vertical vibration, rotary and reciprocating motion. Comparing friction coefficient with different substrates with SiNxHy film, mixture of PCL-PEG-PCL and bovine serum can effectively decrease friction but useless for mPEG-PCL-mPEG. If adhesion of PCL-PEG-PCL polymer can be improved, it has potential in the application of artificial joint.


Antimicrobial peptides are humoral innate immune components of molluscs that provide protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Among these, histone-H2A-derived antimicrobial peptides are known to actively participate in host defense responses of molluscs. Present study deals with identification of putative antimicrobial sequences from the histone-H2A of back-water oyster Crassostrea madrasensis, rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata, grey clam Meretrix casta, fig shell Ficus gracilis, and ribbon bullia Bullia vittata. A 75 bp fragment encoding 25 amino acid residues was amplified from cDNA of these five bivalves and was named "Molluskin." The 25 amino acid peptide exhibited high similarity to previously reported histone-H2A-derived AMPs from invertebrates indicating the presence of an antimicrobial sequence motif. Physicochemical properties of the peptides are in agreement with the characteristic features of antimicrobial peptides, indicating their potential role in innate immunity of molluscs.


This paper presents an applicable formula for determining the workspace of digital human lower extremities. The digital human model has over 100 degrees of freedom (DOF): 94 in the upper body, 14 in the lower extremities, 5 in the neck, 4 in the eyes, and 25 for each hand. The Jacobian row rank deficiency criteria are implemented to determine the singular surfaces that finally form the workspace. The use of this digital human model for determining workspace offers several advantages over direct measurement: (1) the workspace can be visualized in real-time based on offline computation, (2) the workspace can be used for the ergonomic design of products in the virtual prototyping stage, and (3) the calculated workspace includes complete information about the envelope and inside characteristics.


Turnip(Brassica rapa L.)was a magic plant in high altitudes,it was used as a kind of food with a long history for Tibetan and yak.We used Tibetan turnip as material,assay the amino acid,mineral element and Vitamins contents in it.The anti-hypoxic effect of turnip frozen-dry powder on ICR mice was studied.To investigate the extension of the mice hypoxia tolerance,three doses(0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg·bw·d)was set.And Rhodiola rosea was taken as a positive control and distilled water was as a blank control,the survival time of mice in hypoxia under ordinary pressure was the evaluating indicator.Weigh the mice liver and assay protein contents and SOD activity.The research indicated that high dose at 2.0g/kg·bw·d of turnip powder and positive control showed a significant extension effect on the mice hypoxia tolerance;mid-and high-doses as well as positive control had a significant promotion on liver SOD activity;and the body weight index and hepatopancreas somatic indices of all tested mice were not of obvious difference.It indicated that Tibetan turnip could improve mice hypoxia tolerance and the antioxidation capacity in vivo of mice.


Crosslinking of UHMWPE by gamma irradiation has been the prime choice to improve the wear resistance of the polymer. However, it is always associated with few setbacks like degradation of material properties during the shelf ageing period. In the present work, nanocomposites were prepared using ball milling process and then compression moulding process where UHMWPE was reinforced by MWCNTs with 0.20 and 0.40 wt. %. The samples were gamma irradiated using 60Co at 25 and 50 kGy sterilizing doses in air without any post irradiative treatments and then shelf aged for 240 days. The mechanical properties of the composites were studied using small punch technique according to ASTM F2183 standards. Both toughness and hardness of the composites were found to be improved with an increase of irradiation dosage and MWCNT concentration. It is observed that the percentage reduction in Young's modulus, yield stress and % strain at fracture of 0.4% composite at 50 kGy dose are 6.4%, 8.8% and 12.7%, respectively compared to that of virgin UHMWPE irradiated at same dosage. It is concluded that presence of MWCNTs in UHMWPE prevents the degradation of material properties during the shelf ageing period after irradiation.


Task-based Approach is also called Activities Based Approach with which the teaching is students oriented,that is ,the students mush play the main role in the study activity while the teacher is not only the giver of information,but the organizer,the facilitator,the monitor,and the motivator.The paper explores the origin of Task-based Approach,the principles that we abide by when we apply the approach in College English teaching,as well as how to put the approach into practice.With the new teaching approach,we students oriented intend to find a good way to improving students language competence,developing their other capabilities and comprehensive qualities.


The rapid transposition of categories coming from linguistics and literary theory to the analyses of other disciplines, was one of the principal reasons the ...


Objective To investigate the clinical values of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE) in assessment of normal and abnormal atrial septum morphology.Methods The whole atrial septal′s morphologic aspects and dynamic change were observed in fifty-three patients with atrial septal defect(ASD), three patients with atrial septal aneurysm and ten normal subjects using RT-3DE.Thirty-six ASD patients were confirmed by operation. The dynamic change of defect area during cardiac cycle, and the percentage change area were measured in thirty-six ASD patients performed surgery. The maximal defect sizes derived from RT-3DE were compared with those of intra-operative measurements.Results RT-3DE could display the morphologic characteristics of whole anatomic structure about normal atrial septum, repaired and intervention closed atrial septum, atrial septal aneurysm and ASD directly and clearly. Defect area changed significantly during the cardiac cycle, with the maximal area at end-systole and the minimal area at end-diastole, mean change 47.0 %, range 15.2 % to 74.4 %. The sizes obtained from RT-3DE had better correlation with surgical findings(r= 0.86 ). Conclusions RT-3DE can be used to clearly describe the whole morphologic aspects, dynamic change of atrial septum, and accurately measure the defect size of ASD, which could provide important information in clinical settings.


The purpose of this article is not to analyze or evaluate the performance of the Japanese employment custom directly. This article discusses the relationship between Japanese labor law and Japanese employment customs.


. We present an order-theoretical fixed point theorem for increasing multivalued operators suitable for the method of sub-supersolutions and its application to the following multivalued quasi-variational inclusion: Let Ω ⊂ R N be a bounded Lipschitz domain and W = W 1, p 0 ( Ω ) . Find u ∈ W such that for some measurable selection η of f ( · , u , u ) it holds where E : W → W ∗ is an elliptic Leray-Lions operator of divergence form, f : Ω × R × R → P ( R ) is a multivalued bifunction being upper semicontinuous in the second and decreasing in the third argument, and K ( · , u ) is a convex functional for each u ∈ W . Under weak assumptions on the data we will prove that there are smallest and greatest solutions between each pair of appropriately defined sub-supersolutions.


Articles of wear comprise iron oxide colloidal nanocrystals arranged within chains are described. The chains of nanocrystals display a color that is determined by a strength of a magnetic field applied to the chains of nanocrystals, wherein the color is maintained when the magnetic field is removed.


The fundamental coupling between field amplitude and phase fluctuations in a semiconductor laser is measured by the a parameter.ls2 This coupling is not only responsible for the well-known enhancement of the fundamental linewidth by a factor of 1 + a2 over the Schawlow-Townes linewidth, but also induces correlation between the fluctuations. Recently we demonstrated that this correlation may be used to reduce intensity noise by a method called amplitude-phase decorrelation.3.4 The method employs a frequency-dependent transmission function, such as a Michelson interferometer, to convert phase noise to intensity noise. We showed theoretically that reduction by the factor l/( 1 + a2) is possible, and experimentally observed up to a factor of 5 (7 dB) decrease in the intensity noise level of a distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser. In this letter, we investigate noise reduction by amplitude-phase decorrelation in relation to the photon shot noise level (SNL). The SNL represents a classical lower bound for intensity noise, and the goal of reduction below the SNL (or standard quantum limit) has motivated much research on the generation of sub-Poissonian (squeezed) light.5-9 Using a balanced homodyne detector, both the laser intensity noise level and the SNL can be measured. For a DFB laser at low power-in the excess noise regime-we observe intensity noise reduction by a factor of 28 ( 14.5 dB), but the reduced noise level is 9 dB above the SNL. At high power where the intrinsic noise level is closer to the SNL, reduction to 1.3 dB above the SNL is observed, but the amount of reduction is decreased. We show that inhibition of intensity noise reduction at high power agrees with a simple model incorporating a power-independent source of lasing-mode phase noise. The laser field fluctuations are represented semiclassically by the slowly varying phasor A(t) =Ac[l + p(Qlexpb(t)l, with small-signal amplitude and phase fluctuations p and p. In the frequency domain (where we only consider fluctuation frequencies R< the population damping rate, typically several GHz for a semiconductor laser) rate equations for the fluctuations are given by3Z4


OBJECTIVE To investigate the dissolution of two kinds of meloxicam tablets and to evaluate their equality and the in vivo and in vitro correlation. METHODS The dissolution tests were carried out with basket method. The accumulative release percentage based on the labelled amount was calculated and the Weibull equation was used to model the release curve. The main parameters were picked up and analyzed by statistical method. RESULTS There was significant difference between the parameters of two kinds of tablets (P 0.01). Significant difference existed also among the three batches of tablets made by the same factory (P 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the absorption in vivo and the dissolution in vitro of meloxicam tablets. CONCLUSION Because of the significant difference in drug release between these two kinds of tablets and the significant correlation between the in vivo parameters and the in vitro ones, it is necessary that attention be paid to their clinical use.


[Objective]To evaluate the reliability of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation(PFNA) in treatment of intertrochanteric fracture using K-wire apex distance(KAD) intraoperatively to control tip apex distance(TAD).[Method]From January 2007 to January 2009,44 cases of intertrochanteric fractures were treated by closed reduction internal fixation with PFNA.Intra-operative KAD and post-operative TAD were measured and analyzed for their correlation.[Result]Follow-up was given to 42 patients for 6-18 months(averaged,10 months).Bone union was achieved after 11-23 weeks(averaged,13 weeks).Intra-operative KAD were 13-31 mm,with an average of 21.75 mm.Post-operative TAD were 18-35 mm,with an average of 24.61 mm.Recurrence of cerebral infarction was found in 1 case.No infection,deep vein thrombosis,intramedullary nailing rupture,screw broken or femoral fracture was found.[Conclusion]With the help of intra-operative fluoroscopy,the distance from the end of Kirschner's wire to joint surface(KAD) plays an important role in controlling TAD,and it could prevent relative complications such as helical blade cutting-out of femoral head.


The effect of electron blocking layer (EBL) on the performance characteristics of InGaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) was numerically investigated using an integrated system engineering technical computer aided design (ISE TCAD) simulation program. Simulation results indicated that the performance characteristics of InGaN quantum well VCSEL were improved by the ternary Al0.17Ga0.83N EBL. Better performance was also obtained when Al0.17Ga0.83N EBL was replaced by a polarization-matched Al0.275In0.115Ga0.61N EBL having the same energy bandgap. The quaternary EBL enhances the output power and differential quantum efficiency (DQE) as well as reduces the threshold current compared with the ternary EBL. Enhancement in the value of the optical intensity was also observed in the VCSEL structure with quaternary EBL. Furthermore, the effect of Al composition of AlInGaN EBL on the performance of InGaN-based VCSEL structure that uses the quaternary AlInGaN EBL was studied. In mole fraction was 0.115, Al mole fraction changed from 0.260 to 0.290 by step 0.005, and optimum performance was achieved in 0.275 Al mole fraction of AlInGaN EBL.


Model updating techniques are used to update dynamic finite element models of structures in light of experimental dynamic test data. While these techniques have been extensively developed and widely applied to structural dynamic finite element models, there is a need to develop and extend these techniques to vibroacoustic systems that involve an elastic structure enclosing a medium, like air. Examples of such systems are commonly found in aerospace, automotive, and some other applications. This paper develops a direct matrix updating formulation for vibroacoustic finite element models so as to allow the updating of the mass and stiffness matrix of both the structural as well the acoustic parts of the model by preserving their symmetry. A numerical example of a rectangular-box cavity backed by a flexible plate is presented to validate the updating method.


Alkyl amines, which have multiple amino groups, are used as activators to improve the CO2 absorption performances of aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solutions. The aqueous MDEA blends consisted of 20% (w/w) of MDEA and 10% (w/w) of activators, which are 3-methylamino propylamine (MAPA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene tetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). Aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA; 30% (w/w)) and MDEA (30% (w/w)) are used as reference absorbents for comparison. The CO2 absorption performances of aqueous MDEA blends were investigated by measurements of absorption capacities, absorption rates, and heats of absorption. The MDEA blends have higher CO2 absorption capacities than MEA and MDEA. MDEA/TEPA shows the highest CO2 loading amount of 0.753 mol-CO2·mol-absorbent–1 at 313 K. In addition, the MDEA blends show high cyclic capacities (0.241–0.330 mol-CO2·mol-absorbent–1), the values of which are about 3 times higher than that of MEA. All MDEA blends show higher abs...


Introduction Information Technology, particularly, the Information Communication Technology (ICT), has revolutionized the world communication order. People can be informed in more effective, efficient and convenient ways. Access to media has percolated to the grassroots. Even in developing countries like India, people, who are little above the poverty-line, use mobile phones. Television and radio sets are common even in the households in slum areas. News, entertainment, educational and awareness generation programmes are within their reach and affordability. In spite of all such remarkable developments, whether ICT facilitates Science communication is a billion dollar question. Though information is freely and widely available by virtue of ICT, yet, there are areas where Science communication through ICT still needs to be developed to deliver critical information to the needy. The survey conducted by Vishwa Mohan (1995) revealed that some of the sample mentioned that they are very much frightened and confused by the T.V. announcements on AIDs. It shows that information communicated through mass media sometimes gives rise to confusion and phobia. However, lack of medical knowledge and proliferation of health information make patients misinformed. It neither ensures the patient safety nor improves patient peace of mind. Nowadays, the information age encounters with new diseases and new patients such as "Information Syndrome" (Gavgani & Mohan, 2008) and "Cyberchondriac, a person who imagines they have a particular disease because their symptoms match those listed on an Internet health site" (Cybercondriac, 2007). Roli Srivastava (2008) writes that search engines on the Internet are making I T-driven, new age patients not only better informed and inquisitive about their medical condition but many times even belligerent. "Most doctors agree that equations with tech-savvy patients have changed... There is a rift between the patient community and doctors. While it is a good sign that patients are well informed but most of the time it is ending in confrontation with the doctors," says Dr M Veera Prasad of Care Hospital (quoted by Srivastava, 2008). Describing them as 'e-patients', Dr P Vinay Kumar, surgical gastroenterologist with Apollo Hospitals, says (quoted by Srivastava, 2008) this fairly young section of patients often steps into clinics with a "preconceived idea about their diagnosis and treatment options." Most of the times, the e-patient becomes very confident of what he has learnt on the net and questions the doctor accordingly. "One of my colleagues ended up telling a patient's attendants, you seemed to have learnt or want to learn in half-an-hour what we took ten years to do," Dr Vinay Kumar recollects. In the present days, patients prefer to have information about their health and participate in decision making regarding their health problems. Basically, patients trust in their doctor to get information about their health condition and problems. At the same time they also consult many other sources of information such as Nurses, Internet, friends, and others who have suffered earlier from similar disease or health problem. Amidst so many sources which are more effective and preferred ones in the view of the patients and care givers? If this is found out, delivery of critical health information can be made as per the preferences of the information seekers. As a matter of fact, patients usually trust in their doctor as the right and first preferred source of information. But, doctors usually give oral information to their patients. In this connection, literature shows that mouth-to-ear information communication [i.e. the oral information] is not sufficient. Kemper and Metler (2002) state that "the way doctors and patients exchange information generally mouth-to-ear--is often inefficient, incomplete, and outmoded". In addition, Schnider (2002) states that "patients forget more than three-fourths of information after leaving the doctors room". …


Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy between adults and children

Material and Methods: A prospective study of 19 adults and 51 children with choledochal cyst treated by laparoscopic surgery at Hue Central Hospital from 1/2012 to 12/2017.

Results: The average operative time was 219.79 ± 64.88 minutes. The average operative time in adults was longer than in children (233.42 vs 219.79 minutes). There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. Intraoperative blood transfusion was required in two patients in children group. The time from surgery to drainage removal was shorter in adults (2.89 vs 3.57 days). Postoperative follow-up results after 10 days to 3 months were classified as good and fair. There were no statistically significant differences in early postoperative complications, treatment outcomes between two groups.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy was safe and efficient in both adults and children. Operative time was longer in adults than in children.


Review for the exhibition titled 'No More Secrets' by Pamela Croft and Cheryl Moodai Robinson at the Casula Power House


Objective This article tests how income inequality mediates and moderates the relationship between racial diversity and social capital. We posit that racial diversity leads to higher levels of income equality, which reduces social capital. We also hypothesize that racial diversity has a stronger negative effect on social capital in places with high levels of income inequality (a compounding effect). Methods Drawing upon data from U.S. counties, we test these models using a series of regression models. Results Diversity and income inequality have negative effects on social capital. There is also evidence of both mediating and moderating effects. Income inequality partially mediates the negative relationship between diversity and social capital. As income inequality increases, the negative relationship between diversity and social capital decreases. Furthermore, we find that population growth moderates these relationships. Conclusion The relationship among social capital, income inequality, and diversity is complex. Although the direct effect is negative, there is some evidence for key mediating and moderating effects. More conceptual and empirical work is needed to assess the relationship between these concepts.


The article introduced the preparation methods,mechanisms and production of biological pesticides.Comparing with the traditional pesticides,biological pesticides have non-substitute advantages in the safety of human and livestock,balance of the ecosystem,development of the modern agriculture.The biological pesticide technology has successfully applied in the modern agriculture,which means that this biological control agent has become the new trend and would play a great role in the development of the modern agriculture.


This work introduces a new method for displaying cardiac activation maps. Instead of using pictorial representation of the heart surface, which is poor and limited, this method uses real 3-D images of the electrode array, previously recorded on a VCR camera and then digitized. The spread of the depolarization wave can be shown over these images, by means of a color-coded scheme or in a frame-by-frame animation. The method is suitable to work with several detection algorithms and electrodes arrays.<<ETX>>


An experiment is presented which demonstrates 'amplification without inversion' (AWI) and 'inversion without amplification' of a picosecond pulse in a generalized lambda-type system. The phenomena are based on Zeeman coherence in the J=1-level of the ground state multiplet in samarium, induced by a picosecond pulse train. The experiment and its relation to other AWI proposals and to previous experiments in atomic spectroscopy are discussed in detail.


1. William M. Parsley, MD, FISHRS (parsleyw{at}bellsouth.net)
 1. Louisville, Kentucky, USA

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For someone starting hair restoration surgery in early 1974, the development of this field has been nothing short of incredible. For patterned baldness, this field didn't even


Accumulation of sub‐rupture fatigue damage has been implicated in the development of tendinopathy. We previously developed an in vivo model of damage accumulation using the rat patellar tendon. Our model allows us to control the input loading parameters to induce fatigue damage in the tendon. Despite this precise control, the resulting induced damage could vary among animals because of differences in size or strength among their patellar tendons. In this study, we used number of applied cycles and initial (day‐0) parameters that are indicative of induced damage to assess the molecular response 7 days after fatigue loading. We hypothesized that day‐0 hysteresis, elongation, and stiffness of the loading and unloading load–displacement curves would be predictive of the 7‐day molecular response. Results showed correlations between the 7‐day molecular response and both day‐0 elongation and unloading stiffness. Additionally, loading resulted in upregulation of several extracellular matrix genes that suggest adaptation; however, several of these genes (Col‐I, ‐XII, MMP 2, and TIMP 3) shut down after a high level of damage was induced. We showed that evaluating the 7‐day molecular profile in light of day‐0 elongation provides important insight that is lost from comparing number of fatigue loading cycles only. Our data showed that loading generally results in an adaptive response. However, the tendon's ability to effectively respond deteriorates as greater damage is induced. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1327–1334, 2012


A parametric design problem of the unknown input observers in the linear time-invariant systems is investigated. The aim is to design the parametric expression of the state observers that can estimate the state of the linear time-invariant systems with the unknown input disturbances. Based on the parametric solutions of a Sylvester matrix equation, the parametric expressions of all the gain matrices in the unknown input observers are put forward and the free parameters included in the parametric observers can offer all the degrees of design freedom in designing control system. Finally, a simulation example shows the proposed parametric design method of the unknown input observers in the linear time-invariant system is feasible.


A mobile node transmits a frame requesting IP address allocation information needed to obtain an IP address in a neighboring network; receives a frame including the IP address allocation information requested in the transmitted frame; and obtains an IP address in the neighboring network based on the IP address allocation information in the received frame to move to the neighboring network.


This article is very important because the objective is to contribute to research related to the riemann hypothesis. In this article, we will prove Riemann Hypothesis by a new novel vision.In research each positive result as negative must be published.He is an independent researcher and not known in the mathematical community for this reason magazines reject his papers.We need mathematicians with an open mind to assess any contribution to research from other disciplines.Thanks for reading this.


The present invention, The following starting materials: a) 1 or more alkylene oxides and optionally carbon dioxide, and b) 1 or more H-functional starter substance, A method for preparing polyether alcohols by reacted in the reactor (1) in the presence of a catalyst to produce a liquid reaction mixture, Reactor (1) has an internal structure (2) forming a plurality of microstructures channel, A plurality of microstructures flow path is branched and recombined into component paths of the liquid reaction mixture is carried out alternately, It said plurality of branches and recombined is repeated a plurality of times, The microstructure channel by having a characteristic dimension of 20~10000μm defined as the maximum allowable distance between the nearest channel wall portion to any particles and particles in the liquid reaction mixture, the microstructure flow a manufacturing method of the flow of the liquid reaction mixture to pass through the road is characterized to be a nearly ideal plug flow. .FIELD 1


Some methods of successive approximation for the solution of simultaneous linear equations are discussed. The coefficient matrix A of the linear system is assumed to be sparse. It is shown that savings in the computer storage and the computing time are possible, if there exists a subset of the rows (columns) of A, consisting of only orthogonal rows (columns). Such savings are also possible, if for some permutation matrices P and Q, PAQ has a particular structure, viz., singly bordered block diagonal form. It is shown that the set of orthogonal rows (columns) of A, as well as P and Q can be determined by using some results from graph theory (e.g., incidence matrices, row and column graphs, points of attachment). Geometrical interpretations of the methods and their inter-relatiohip are given.


The results of an extensive study of 47 azaarenes in the Liverpool urban atmosphere through the period from September 1994 to March 1996 are reported. Total suspended particles and size-fractionated particles were collected by high volume sampling techniques and cascade impactor sampling techniques. The overall mean ∑azaarene concentration was 2.80 ng m-3. The monthly mean ∑azaarene concentrations show a very strong seasonal variation in which the maximum concentration occurred in the winter and the minimum in the summer months, with a concentration range of 0.4−7.64 ng m-3. There are highly significant covariations between the different ring sized group, which suggests that there are similar source strengths and transport mechanisms for these compounds. The particle size distributions indicate that the combustion of fossil fuel is probably the main source of azaarene compounds during the winter. The percentage concentrations of azaarene show that these compounds also tend to associate with larger particl...


The article will tackle the relationship between pedagogy and economy through two main focuses. The first one is represented by rational behaviour conceived as a calculus based on competition (as in Game Theory) outlining a certain profile of homo oeconomicus. The second one problematizes and partly contradicts the first one, posing in the foreground the dimension of "feeling" conceived as a machine – in the deleuzian sense – producing and re-producing attitudes and habitus in order to intercept and shape the imaginary. In the first case an economic scenario based on a strictly rational and antagonist perspective is settled, in the second one different forces are displaced and gathered in what Lyotard termed "libidinal economy". The pedagogical point of view has the possibility to highlight the learning contexts proposed, encouraged and validated by these basic assumptions, facing their diffusion, subtle and unexpected, in the educational sphere.


Previous scientific evidence has shown that patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) have alterations in the body schema. There have also been findings regarding the influence of psychological factors on pain, as well as evidence that patients with FMS have difficulty performing laterality discrimination tasks. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether emotional and cognitive factors influence the limb laterality discrimination task in women with FMS. Seventeen of the participants were healthy female controls, and the other seventeen were women diagnosed with FMS. The main outcome measures were laterality discrimination, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and fear-related movement. The main analysis showed that patients with FMS had longer reaction times for laterality discrimination in hands (hand 20 images, p < 0.031; hands 50 images p < 0.013). In the secondary analysis, FMS patients showed emotional (anxiety (p < 0.0001); depression (p < 0.0001)) and cognitive (pain catastrophizing (p < 0.0001); fear-related movement (p < 0.0001)) disorders compared with healthy subjects. There was no correlation between limb laterality discrimination and psychological variables. In conclusion, patients with FMS showed impaired laterality discrimination, but psychological variables were not influenced. This could be due to the implicit nature of the task.


This study reports for the first time the use of β-carotene as a natural photosensitizer for both the cationic photopolymerization and thiol-ene click reactions under visible-light irradiation. In ...


Previous theory and research linked perfectionism to contingent self-worth and conditional acceptance, but little research directly investigated how adolescents' perfectionism and their perceived family acceptance shape each other over time. The present study is the first to investigate the reciprocal longitudinal relations between adolescents' perfectionism and their perceived family acceptance. The study examined a sample of 264 adolescents (aged 14–19 years) over a period of 3 months, using a cross-lagged longitudinal design with two time points. Results showed that perfectionistic standards predict relative increases, whereas perfectionistic concerns predict relative decreases in adolescents' perceived mother, father, and family acceptance. However, perceived family acceptance did not predict significant changes in perfectionistic standards nor in perfectionistic concerns. Considering this, the results emphasize the role of perfectionism as a predictor for perceptions of mother, father, and family acceptance and capture how perfectionism may shape interpersonal experiences within the family. Implications of these findings for both research and practice are discussed.


A commercial Shack-Hartman wavefront sensor is being used in a test setup installed at the Wendelstein 40 cm telescope to test methods for telescope alignment based on reverse optimization. Measured low-order Zernike wave-fronts are being used to determine the misalignment of the telescopes optical elements. Then a procedure to optimize wave-front performance by aligning the telescope secondary mirror is applied. The setup contains a collimating optical system, the Shack-Hartman sensor and a guiding and acquisition camera.


Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses serious health concerns in the Chinese population. Few treatment options are available for managing ICH. However, atorvastatin has been shown to improve functional outcomes after ICH. The present study investigated the possible mechanism by which atorvastatin protects against tissue damage in an animal model of ICH. Rats were injected with collagenase in the globus pallidus to induce ICH. Six hours after ICH induction, rats in treatment group A orally received 2 mg/kg and rats in treatment group B orally received 10 mg/kg atorvastatin, followed by once daily administration of atorvastatin for seven days. The ICH model group did not receive any medication and the sham surgery group was injected with saline. Expression of cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and histological and neurological outcomes were assessed at 24, 48, 72 h, and seven days post ICH induction. Compared to the sham surgery group, the ICH group showed a significant increase in CD147 and MMP-3 levels, as well as neuronal loss and impaired neurological functions (p < 0.01). Treatment with atorvastatin at both dosages significantly suppressed the increase in CD147 and MMP-3 levels, and the treated animals exhibited significantly improved histological and neurological outcome in a dose-dependent manner. From our data, we concluded that atorvastatin exerts neuroprotective effects through suppressing CD147, which leads to MMP-3 down-regulation, thereby reducing inflammatory responses secondary to ICH and improving histological and neurological outcomes.


In present work a compact and simple to design electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure is introduced. EBG structures are used for mitigating the power bus noise in GHz band due to parallel running high frequency signals in multilayer printed circuit board. The proposed structure has two layer separated by dielectric material having nine unit cells on top layer, resulting in the stop-band ranging from 1.2 4.8 GHz below -25 dB. Size of the board is 90 x 90 mm. The structure is compared with the recently reported research work also.


The article analyzes the structural models of terminological phrases of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The essence of the phenomenon of the term "terminological phrases" is determined; attention is paid to the fact that terminological phrases are noted by the constant character of the structure. The paper describes the features of legal language as a specialized system of legal concepts, which provides communication needs in the field of legal science and practice. Attention is focused on the study of the semantic structure of the Ukrainian legal terms. From this perspective it is important to make complex typological analysis of the term system of the Ukrainian language legal on the basis of termmaking processes of the modern world.
The researches of the Ukrainian legal borrowings of terminological legal system of term elements of other languages due to different historical conditions and traditions are connected with mentioned above is the result of from above research. Term-words by lexical and grammatical affiliation are divided into nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Terminological phrases can be two-, three-, four- and multi-component "criminal prosecution".


This Synnyt / Origins special issue is edited based on presentations given at the European InSEA (International Society for Education through Art) 2018 regional congress, held in Aalto University, in Finland, on June 18-21, 2018. The InSEA 2018 European congress concentrated on European and global issues around art education and its connections to societal and scientific topics. At the time the congress was held, Europe and the rest of the world were going through (and continue to go through) significant changes and facing major challenges. At this congress, art educators, artists, art teachers, curators, museum educators and researchers discussed these challenges and changes, bringing their local perspectives and experiences into the discourse. Participants were offered the possibility to learn from the strong Finnish art education structures and practices throughout the congress program, developed alongside local art and art education professionals. Art and its education met with Eco/Bio/Tech/Digital/Societal connections in Aalto University, on many levels. The congress offered multiple presentation and participation formats, such as artistic participation in a curated exhibition, round-table presentations for inclusive conversations, "brainstorming" presentations to develop new ideas, short presentations for visual perspectives, workshops for art-making activities, along with academic traditional paper delivery. The congress included 375 participants from 41 countries. It was particularly interesting to see InSEA gaining new members through this congress, perhaps due to its transdisciplinary


Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are complimentary to other security mechanisms such as access control and authentication. While signature based IDS are limited to known attacks only, anomaly based IDS are capable of detecting novel attacks. However, anomaly based systems usually trade performance for efficiency. We analyze various anomaly based IDS and list the strengths and weaknesses of different schemes. We conclude that the abstract stack model proposed by D. Wagner and D. Dean (see Proc. IEEE Symp. on Security and Privacy, 2001) shows best performance in detecting various types of attacks, while it suffers from substantial runtime overhead owing to its non deterministic nature. In a recently published approach utilizing code instrumentation, J.T. Giffin et al. (see Proc. NDSS Conf., 2004) minimize the runtime overhead while approaching the detection capability of the abstract stack model.


Information acquirement is an important factor in education and scientific development. Colleges and universities have a large gathering of talents, so a department data sector must change from the original role of paying special attention to library work to one which strengthen information work, making library and information work supplement each other to integrate books and information.


The fiber optic ingress/egress method is one of very important issues for the construction of the smart structure with embedded fiber optic sensors since the optical fiber is fragile to extract and connect with the exterior system. Little attention has been paid to method of practically accessing embedded optical fibers in the literature of sensor activities. In this paper, we proposed the novel out-of-plane ingress/egress method to improve the conventional in-plane ingress/egress method. We developed the protecting method to preserve an exposed optical cable against the curing environments such as high temperature and pressure. We also developed the fiber optic protection component for the optical cable at the exit point. In order to easily connect the smart composite panel to exterior systems, commercial fiber optic FC/APC type jumper cords were used. Furthermore, we developed the fixing component to integrate the composite panel with other connecting parts. The safety and survivability of the optical fiber applied in the ingress/egress method were confirmed by bending tests.


The invention discloses a novel electric blanket which comprises an electric blanket body, a power supply, a low-voltage transformer and an automatic temperature control device. An input end of the transformer is connected with the power supply, an output end of the transformer passes a rectifier to be connected with the electric blanket body, and the automatic temperature control device is arranged in the electric blanket body and used for automatically controlling and regulating temperature of the electric blanket so as to close the electric blanket automatically. By the low-voltage transformer, high-voltage power supply of a traditional electric blanket is converted into low-voltage supply, so that the electric blanket is safer and more reliable in use. The automatic temperature control device arranged on the electric blanket body is capable of setting and automatically regulating and controlling the temperature of the electric blanket, when dangerous situations occur, an alarm is given automatically, the power supply of the electric blanket is cut off, and accordingly automation degree of the electric blanket is effectively improved. Besides, the novel electric blanket has the advantages of simple structure, high automation degree, safety and reliability.


Tundra ecosystems are widely recognized as precious areas and globally important carbon (C) sinks, yet our understanding of potential threats to these habitats and their large soil C store is limited. Land‐use changes and conservation measures in temperate regions have led to a dramatic expansion of arctic‐breeding geese, making them important herbivores of high‐latitude systems. In field experiments conducted in high‐Arctic Spitsbergen, Svalbard, we demonstrate that a brief period of early season belowground foraging by pink‐footed geese is sufficient to strongly reduce C sink strength and soil C stocks of arctic tundra. Mechanisms are suggested whereby vegetation disruption due to repeated use of grubbed areas opens the soil organic layer to erosion and will thus lead to progressive C loss. Our study shows, for the first time, that increases in goose abundance through land‐use change and conservation measures in temperate climes can dramatically affect the C balance of arctic tundra.


Abstract A colorimetric method for the determination of tetracycline and oxytetracycline is developed. It depends on nitration and reaction of the nitroderivatives with acetone in the presence of potassium hydroxide. A highly colored complex is produced. Variables such as temperature) time of heating, volume of nitrating mixture, acetone and potassium hydroxide have been evaluated to permit the selection of the most advantageous technique. Beer's Law is obeyed over the concentration range from 0.004 – 0.04 mg ml for tetracycline and oxytetracycline.


The stored energy e s due to plastic deformation is defined as the change in internal energy measured at stress free state of material, and it characterises the cold-worked state. Both cold-worked state and the stored energy at each instant of deformation depend on the deformation history. Therefore, the instantaneous rate de s /dw p of energy storage seems to be an appropriate measure of the energy conversion process (w p is the work of plastic deformation). The rate of energy storage is important characteristic of the whole energy storage processes. It is a macroscopic quantity that is influenced by many microscopic mechanisms. Each of them is described by the separate internal paramenter H i . In mathematical description, the stored energy is a function of H 1 , H 2 , H 3 ...,H n . Since there exist couplings between different mechanisms the function can not be, in general, written in the from: Σe (i) s (H i ). The similar remark concerns also the energy storage rate. i=1 The present paper is devoted an answer if it is possible to distinguish the influence of the change in given internal parameter on the rate of energy storage. In order to find the answer the theoretical analysis of energy storage rate on the basis of phenomenological thermodynamics of plastic deformation was done. The theoretical description of the experimental method od stored energy determination is presented. The results of the analysis have been used to support the additive partitioning of the resultant rate of the energy stored and to show experiment which allows distinguishing the particular components. Each component represents the specific microscopic mechanism. The analysis of preliminary experimental data arrived at the conclusion that in the initial stage of plastic deformation of polycrystalline metal at least two components of the energy storage rate exist. One of them is associated with the rise of dislocation density, and another one is related to the internal stress field due to elastic accommodation of incompatible strains in the vicinity of grain boundaries.


without fear of contradiction even from your respected Chairman, whose official position is for the moment not at all in question, but who has certainly good opportunities of knowing facts. For the actual work of this Presidency it cannot be doubted, and I believe it is indeed well known to all, that at least another fifteen medical officers are required even to carry on the work of the Presidency and of the Indian Army Medical Service here, on its present scale and with its present heavy requirements. Men cannot get furlough. Duties of the highest importance have to be carried on either in a perfunctory manner or at the cost of excessive labour and of great injury to health.


Physics (ABSTRACT) An alternative approach to the problem of CP-violation is presented. It is based on the possibility of spontaneous CP-breakdown in models with two Higgs doublets. General features of the phenomenon such as stability of the vacuum and the existence of a light axion are discussed. We investigate the feasibility of spontaneously broken CP in the minimal supersymmetric models-the MSSM and NMSSM. The latter is shown to be experimentally viable. The phenomenological implications of the model such as CP-violating effects in the kaon systems and a nonzero neutron electric dipole moment are studied. Acknowledgements I am deeply indebted to Prof. Lay Nam Chang for sharing his intimate knowledge of physics, his keen insight into fundamental problems and, constant support. I greatly appreciate the help and attention of the Department's secretaries in various matters. I am very grateful to the members of my Ph.D. committee for their supervision and efforts to make this work possible.


Sandia National Laboratories NLS (1064 nm) and Z-Beamlet (527 nm) pulsed lasers @ ~ 100 GW/cm2 and 10 TW/cm2 were used to attain pressures at 20 - 525 GPa on a variety of metallic and mineral targets. A simple, inexpensive and innovative electro-optical real-time methodology monitored rear surface mechanical deformation and associated particle and shock wave velocities that differ considerably between metals and non-metals. A reference calibration metal (Aluminum) and a reference non-metal (graphite) were used to demonstrate the validity of this methodology. Normative equations of state and momentum coupling coefficients were obtained for dunite, carbonaceous meteorites, graphite, iron and nickel. These experimental results on inhomogeneous materials can be applied to a variety of high energy density interactions involving stellar and planetary material formation, dynamic interactions, geophysical models, space propulsion systems, orbital debris, materials processing, near-earth space (lunar and asteroid) resource recovery, and near-earth object mitigation models.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the fractional delay differential equation (FDDE) is considered for the purpose to develop an approximate scheme for its numerical solutions. The shifted Jacobi polynomial scheme is used to solve the results by deriving operational matrix for the fractional differentiation and integration in the Caputo and Riemann–Liouville sense, respectively. In addition to it, the Jacobi delay coefficient matrix is developed to solve the linear and nonlinear FDDE numerically. The error of the approximate solution of proposed method is discussed by applying the piecewise orthogonal technique. The applicability of this technique is shown by several examples like a mathematical model of houseflies and a model based on the effect of noise on light that reflected from laser to mirror. The obtained numerical results are tabulated and displayed graphically.


PATIENT AND SOCIETY Morbidity due to headaches is a major problem. Tension headaches outnumber migraine by 5:1. Table 1 compares the more common causes of chronic or recurrent headaches in different age groups. A recent study from Minnesota, United States, confirms the overall incidence of migraine to be about 10% in the population, with a marked variation related to age and a higher incidence in women in a defined population.' From 6400 patient records, 629 residents fulfilled the International Headache Society's (IHS) 1988 criteria2 for migraine between 1979 and 1981. The overall ageadjusted incidence was 137 and 294 per 100 000 person years for males and females respectively. The highest incidence was in women aged 20-24 years (689 per 100 000 person years), whereas in boys aged 10-14 years, the incidence was 246 per 100 000 person years. Based on a study of 1000 people using the International Headache Society's criteria, the overall lifetime prevalence of classic migraine was 5%, with a female to male ratio of 2:1.3 The overall lifetime prevalence of common migraine was 8%, with a female to male ratio of 7: 1. Women were more likely to have common than classic migraine. Neither classic nor common varieties correlated with age, but in both types the most conspicuous precipitating factor was stress and mental tension. The rate of consultation is a concern for those planning medical resources. Among subjects with classic and common migraine, 50% and 62%, respectively, consult their general practitioner because of migraine at


Even the plate thickness of 100mm or more, provide excellent steel plate to the intensity of the center of plate thickness and toughness. The present invention, C, Si, Mn, P , S, Cr, Ni, Al, N, B, and O contain a predetermined amount, the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and, the carbon equivalent Ceq


The political map of South America has retained the same shape since its states became independent in the early nineteenth century. The region's states have enjoyed extraordinary territorial stability compared with their counterparts in Europe, Africa and Asia. One of the principal reasons for this stability is an emphasis on conflict resolution through mediation and dialogue. The international conferences of the nineteenth century led to the creation of the Pan-American Union (1889), the Permanent Commission of Juris Consultants (1906) and the ABC Group's (Argentina, Brazil, Chile) political consultation mechanisms. The foundation of the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1948 added a further instrument, leading to the model of 'groups of friends' such as the Contadora Group and the Rio Group. In addition, economic integration processes have provided mechanisms for the prevention of disputes, including domestic disputes, from becoming widespread wars. This complex of mechanisms enshrined the principles of the rule of law and democratic legality, as embedded, for example, in Mercosur's Ushuaia Protocol for example. The states of South America have drawn a fundamental lesson from their historical experience with conflict mediation: that contemporary conflicts derive from a multiplicity of causes. Therefore, they must be addressed in a multidimensional manner, especially in the case of predominantly domestic conflicts with limited international characteristics, such as in the current case of MINUSTAH, the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. The UN's system for conflict prevention and resolution presents two key features. On the one hand, decision-making is concentrated in the hands of the permanent members of the Security Council. On the other hand, the implementation of that body's decisions have been outsourced to smaller powers; the vast majority of peacekeeping contingents are from countries such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nigeria and Jordan. However, South American countries have emerged as major contributors alongside these established suppliers. Within the region, Uruguay contributes the most troops to missions deployed by the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations. Although their contribution is somewhat less, the motivations of the ABC countries to participate are much more complex than in the Uruguayan case. These include the enhancement of levels of trust among states, dialogue between ministries of defence, internal cooperation between the ministries of foreign relations and defence, improvement of operational capacities and, last but not least, the development of new forms of contribution. The case of MINUSTAH constitutes a striking example of innovation in civil–military cooperation, cooperation for integral development, increased political dialogue, institutional capacity-building and community-level programmes.


SciViews aims to provide a unique, polymorph object-oriented interface (called "Plug") to dierent data analysis software like R, Octave, Scilab, Mat- lab, Splus, Ox, Mathematica,...It is thus possible to develop (Graphical) User Interfaces independently to the calculation kernel and adapt them easily to other systems. Moreover, the same GUI can possibly access several kernels si- multaneously. A working prototype is developed in Visual Basic for Windows, but other implementations of this concept are possible. A plug to connect R is provided. Other plugs are in various stages of achievement. Several clients are also in development, including SciViews compatible clients for oce pro- grams (Excel and Word) and a versatile GUI with menus, toolbars, docking windows, a complete IDE and an integrated reporting system for generating rich-formatted texts with graphs called "Insider".


This paper studies on the total characteristics of traditional and new famous dishes in Hangzhou by standardized analysis to the types, shapes, cooking methods, tastes, colors and other sense qualities.


This paper provides evidence that between 1979 and 1996 the safety performance of the 106 startup airlines (those operating scheduled passenger service with jet aircraft) was very similar to the performance of the 23 original, formerly regulated, airlines. While the original carriers had lower fatalities rates per billion revenue passenger-miles (0.234 versus 0.339), the startup carriers had lower rates per million passenger emplanement (0.194 versus 0.236). Thus, neither carrier group was superior in both measures, and the modest differences were consistent with the effects of longer-haul operations by the original carriers. Furthermore, the fatality rates of both groups declined by about the same percentages between the first and second halves of this 18-year period. These findings are supported by a review of individual carrier fatalities rates and by comparing the startup carrier group with individual original carriers producing roughly the same revenue passenger-miles.


Abstract: Organic fertilization in greenhouses relies on organic fertilizers with low carbon/nitrogen ratio. Nitrogen (N) availability thus depends on an efficient mineralization driven by microbial communities. However, data on the mineralization rate of such fertilizers are scarce, and their improper use can lead to either N deficiency, or N losses to the environment. Consequently, better knowledge of N availability following organic fertilization is crucial for the development of sustainable greenhouse organic horticulture. We investigated the effect of pelleted poultry manure (PM) and blood (BM), feather (FM), alfalfa (AM), and shrimp (SM) meals on N availability and bacterial communities in a peat-based organic growing medium and a mineral soil. Nitrogen and carbon (C) pools were measured periodically over a 52 wk incubation experiment. Bacterial communities were characterized by sequencing the regions V6–V8 of the 16S rRNA gene on the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq platform, 4 wk after the start of the incubation. Nitrogen mineralization plateaued for the mineral soil and the peat substrate at, respectively, 41% and 63% of applied N for PM, 56%–93% (BM), 54%–81% (FM), 34%–53% (AM), and 57%–73% (SM). Organic fertilizers supported markedly contrasted bacterial communities, closely linked to soil biochemical properties, especially mineral N, pH, and soluble C. Alfalfa meal promoted the highest Shannon diversity index in the mineral soil, whereas SM and PM increased it in the peat-based growing medium. Our results quantified the mineralization and highlighted the impact on bacterial communities of commonly used organic N fertilizers in conditions relevant to organic greenhouse horticulture.


The principle and methods of precise time interval measurement are introduced,and the RD in this field by Fast Electronics Lab of USTC and the applications in some great scale national scientific engineering projects of nuclear physics and particle physics experiments are reviewed.


ABSTRACT Using data for California from 2005 until 2010, we investigate to what extent market competition and the presence of non-profits in the area may play a role in equilibrium uncompensated care (UC) levels, allowing those effects to differ according to the hospital's ownership type. Previous studies have not explored the potential spillover effects from non-profit hospitals into the hospital decision of UC provision. We find evidence that regions with more non-profits experienced larger increases in UC levels, and even more in less concentrated markets. Our results also indicate that UC provision by for-profit hospitals decreases the larger the presence of non-profits in the region, and this effect is magnified when competition is more intense. We, therefore, find no positive spillover effects of non-profits into the hospital decision of UC provision, which may help us to understand the recent trends in UC levels.


Xerostomia refers to a subjective sensation of a dry mouth, its frequently, but not always associated with salivary gland hypofunctions. Xerostomia is a common problem that has reported in 25% of older adults. In the past, complaints of dry mouth in older patient was ascribed to the predictable result of aging. However, it is now generally accepted that any reductions in salivary functions associated with age are modest and probably are not associated with any significant reductions in salivary functions. Instead, xerostomia in older asults is more likely to be the result of other factors, especially medications. More than 500 drugs have been reported to produce xerostomia as side effect. This review brief discuss about the antihypertensive drugs causing xerostomia.


The essential oil of Amomum aromaticum Roxb. in Ha Giang was obtained by steam
distillation and dried with Na2SO4. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC
-MS) method, 26 components in the essential oil were predicted by comparing their
retention times and determining molecular weights. In particular, there were 13
hydrocarbons such as monoterpenes (33.03%), sesquiterpenes (1.08%), and 13
oxygenated components such as aldehydes (52.04%), alcohols (10.42%), ketones (1.98%),
and oxide (0.14%). Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the essential was identified
by the agar diffusion method. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical percentage inhibition and the observable result
was 46.12±0.15%.


Two separate topics on a pellet injection activity at the multimirror trap GOL-3 are presented. The first topic is connected with studies of influence of a high-energy-density plasma on solids. A carbon pellet of 2-mm diameter was injected into the plasma for this purpose. The second discussed topic is a status of works on a cryogenic pellet injector for plasma fueling at GOL-3.