We present an efficient feature selection algorithm for computer aided detection (CAD) computed tomographic (CT) colonography. The algorithm (1) determines an appropriate piecewise linear network (PLN) model by cross validation, (2) applies the orthonormal least square (OLS) procedure to the PLN model utilizing a Modified Schmidt procedure, and (3) uses a floating search algorithm to select features that minimize the output variance. The undesirable "nesting effect" is prevented by the floating search approach, and the piecewise linear OLS procedure makes this algorithm very computationally efficient because the Modified Schmidt procedure only requires one data pass during the whole searching process. The selected features are compared to those obtained by other methods, through cross validation with support vector machines (SVMs).


. We study the boundary behavior of 1-forms on a rank-one symmetric space M satisfying the equations du = 0 = Su; the role of boundary is played by a nilpotent (Iwasawa) group Not isometries of M. For forms satisfying certain Hp integrability conditions, we obtain the existence of boundary values in an appropriate sense, characterize these boundary values by means of fractional and singular integral operators on the group N~, and exhibit explicit isomorphisms between Hp spaces of forms on M and the ordinary IP spaces of functions on the group N.


Object-based classification methods suitable for high resolution satellite imagery Worldview-2 provides a valid alternative to pixel-based methods. This study compares the results of an object-based to pixel-based classification for benthic habitats map in Pari islands of DKI Jakarta-Indonesia. The object-based approach involved segmentation of image data into object at multiple scale levels. The objects of the research were assign classes using training object to the support vector machines classification (object-based and pixel-based classification). Ground truth habitats for accuracy assessment using confusion matrices of both classification were undertaken based on 230 reference sites. An optimized segmentation was performed to get optimum classification result. The results showed, the overall accuracy on object-based classification was 75%, while the pixel-based classification produce the low overall accuracy was 61%. This research suggest that the object-based technique could be a promise approach for mapping benthic habitats, where the information obtained from this research was more accurate.


Based on the analysis of present structure of sidewall for metro vehicle,the structure design of bottom parts of sidewall is optimized,soft wares such as Hypermesh and Ansys are used for finite element analysis and verification,and a new sidewall structure is designed for hanging of double chair.The result shows that the optimized structure of sidewall is accord with relevant standards,and it has better strength and stiffness.


The method of aerosol nanoparticles disperse structure construction, using the Mahtcad in present work is proposed. This method is easier and more convenient in comparison with described in the scientific literature. The nanophotographs, as well as disperse structure four kind of tobacco smoke particles graphs, investigated by the atomicforce microscopy method are represented.


The purpose and objectives of the study are to reduce the information that affects the formation of the regime of electricity consumption of energy market objects by using the method of the main components and identifying common general features. The article describes the application of the method of the main components to determine the factors that affect the most on the magnitude of the electric load. The results of the article can be used to determine the main factors for forming a model for analysis and prediction of electrical loads of energy market objects.


The contemporary psychological novel of Argentina as represented by Jose Bianco's Las ratas,' Ernesto Sibato's El tiunel,2 Eduardo Mallea's La sala de espera,3 Estela Canto's El hombre del crepisculo,4 and Carlos Mazzanti's El sustituto5 consists of a primary stratum,6 specifically, a fictional cosmos whose components are the traditional setting, plot, and character." The totality is structured and ordered by the portrayal of the subjectivity of the protagonist, and the other divisions of the world are significant in terms of their contribution to the depiction of his character. The following discussion of spatial treatment in the novels of Bianco, Saibato, Mallea, Canto, and Mazzanti concentrates upon spatiality as it forms a special kind of background against which the personalities of the protagonists are delineated, or as it is transformed into a psychic phenomenon and serves in the portrayal of the mental and physical patterns of behavior of these individuals.


The crime of grow-ups under age has become a social problem.According to the social Psychology,It's good making use of the theories of known balance to do the correction for them.The community correction should have a better and benefit surroundingsfor the correction of grown-ups under age and their healthy growth.The best workers who are choosen for the community correction should make use of right way to adjust its imbalance objectively.At the same time in the course of correction.They should notice and stimulate them to produce known balance flexiblely.They shoule keep them to reach "Psychological balance" in time in order to get the correct successes.


High-contrast imaging instruments are today primarily limited by non-common path aberrations appearing between the wavefront sensor of the adaptive optics system and the science camera. Early attempts at using artificial neural networks for focal-plane wavefront sensing showed some successful results but today's higher computational power and deep architectures promise increased performance, flexibility and robustness that have yet to be exploited. We implement two convolutional neural networks to estimate wavefront errors from simulated point-spread functions. We notably train mixture density models and show that they can assess the ambiguity on the phase sign by predicting each Zernike coefficient as a probability distribution. Our method is also applied with the Vector Vortex coronagraph (VVC), comparing the phase retrieval performance with classical imaging. Finally, preliminary results indicate that the VVC combined with polarized light can lift the sign ambiguity.


In this work we study the asymptotically flat, static, and spherically symmetric black-hole solutions of the theory described by the action $$S = \int d^nx\sqrt{-g} \left\{\left(1-\xi\phi^2 \right)R - g^{\mu\nu}\partial_\mu\phi\partial_\nu\phi\right\},$$ with $n>3$ and arbitrary $\xi$. We demonstrate the absence of scalar hairs for $\xi \xi_c=\frac{n-2}{4(n-1)}$, we show that there is no scalar hair obeying $|\phi(r)| 1/\sqrt{\xi}$. For $0<\xi<\xi_c$, we prove the absence of scalar hairs such that $|\phi(r)| < 1/\sqrt{\xi}$ or $\frac{1}{\xi} < \phi^2(r) < \frac{\xi_c}{\xi(\xi_c-\xi)}$.


: With continuous development and progression of multi-level capital market in China, private equity fund, as a new investment method, is becoming increasingly important for supporting the development and innovation of Chinese industry. Despite that private equity fund has been a vital role to the Chinese economy, Fuxing cashing crisis revealed the flaws existed in Chinese private equity fund. With the description and analyzation of Fuxing cashing crisis, this article presents the problem that lies in Chinese private equity fund and potential improvement in private equity fund policies.


Objective To probe the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes in rabbits with liver cirrhosis by analyzing the CEUS phase changes.Methods Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were grouped into A group and B group to build control group and liver cirrhosis model group,respectively.CEUS examinations were performed 10 weeks later by bonus injecting contrast agent SonoVue.CEUS time-intensity curve was used to acquire the contrast arrival time(AT) of the liver parenchyma,peak intensity(PI) and the half-intensity reduced time(HIRT) of the above groups.Results Liver contrast agent started to time A,B group,respectively:(6.79 ± 1.08) s,(3.46 ± 1.27)s,A group was significantly longer than that of group B;contrast agent peak intensity A,B groups were:(73.91±10.31) dB,(159.12±12.24)dB,A group was significantly less than that of group B;half-time peak intensity of contrast agent that A,B groups were:(15.97±9.48)s,(56.58±13.85)s,A group significantly less than that of group B;the differences were statistically significant(t=7.47,19.92,8.96,P0.05).Conclusions CEUS is valuable to evaluate the hemodynamic changes of liver cirrhosis.


BACKGROUND: There is a high incidence of assault against nursing staff in mental health care. Efforts to reduce the incidence of assault are hindered by the complexity and nature of the problem and by the fact that incidents of assault are underreported. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors influencing nurses to report staff assault by patients in an inpatient mental health care facility. DESIGN: The study used a modified nominal group technique in which nurses worked together to identify themes in decisions about reporting incidents of assault. The participants were nurses at two sites of a mental health care organization. RESULTS: Nurses used a complex decision-making process to decide whether an incident of assault was worth reporting. Safety culture, the design of the incident reporting system, and the effect on patients were important components of the decision-making process. CONCLUSION: Strategies that consider all levels of the organization's system should be used to improve reporting of assault incidents.


THE operations which are performed upon the accessory cavities of fj : the face have, during the last few years, passed through several I successive phases, particularly interesting from the point of view pof their evolution. Thus, in the radical cure of maxillary antrmn suppuration a number of partisans have sprung up, who are hotly ! ; convinced of the value of endonasal operation (either through the I" middle or through the inferior meatus), and, in France particularly, drainage of the antrum through the enlarged natural orifices still K ; enjoys a certain amount of favour. j Some practitioners (Mahu, Vacher) have, indeed, added to the ' i simple opening of the antrum of Highinore a more or less incomplete curettage of its cavity by means of bent curettes, but it must be admitted that by this route it is difficult to reach all the nooks, crannies and anfractuosities of a cavity often very roomy, angular, and even septate. The operation through the canine fossa (Caldwell-Luc), more or less modified in detail by its originators as well as by a considerable |» t number of practitioners, nevertheless still remains the operation of | | i choice, at all events for refractory cases of maxillary sinusitis. ... What I am about to sav will, I believe, furnish a decisive ||;: argument to those who favour the radical cure, now that local anassthesia by means of cocaine has rendered it so much more simple and easy to perform. | | With regard to frontal sinus suppuration, I shall not discuss the methods which consist in treating and even in curing it Jit times through the natural route. I am convinced that these


Contrary to the repetitive tasks performed by industrial robots, the tasks in most DOE missions such as environmental restoration or Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) can be characterized as ''batches-of-one'', in which robots must be capable of adapting to changes in constraints, tools, environment, criteria and configuration. No commercially available robot control code is suitable for use with such widely varying conditions. In this talk we present our development of a ''generic code'' to allow real time (at loop rate) robot behavior adaptation to changes in task objectives, tools, number and type of constraints, modes of controls or kinematics configuration. We present the analytical framework underlying our approach and detail the design of its two major modules for the automatic generation of the kinematics equations when the robot configuration or tools change and for the motion planning under time-varying constraints. Sample problems illustrating the capabilities of the developed system are presented.


ABSTRACT A robust automatic classification system is critical for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) terrain processing. In most of the conventional classification methods, the number of classes could not be calculated before classification. In this article, we present a new unsupervised classification algorithm with an adaptive number of classes for POLSAR data which is capable of estimating the class numbers automatically. The approach is mainly composed of three operations. First, region-based feature map combining the polarimetric statistical and spatial information is constructed based on the turbopixel method. This is followed by a clustering step performed through an improved affinity propagation clustering with Wishart distance. Finally, the result of the improved affinity propagation clustering is classified using Wishart classifier. The proposed approach takes the spatial information into consideration and makes good use of the inherent statistical characteristics of POLSAR data. The performance of the proposed classification approach on three real datasets is presented and analysed, and the experimental results show that the approach provides more accurate estimation under the condition of various numbers of classes compared with existing methods.


In 2010, the My Book Buddy foundation started the first children's library at a primary school in the slums of Nairobi in Kenya. Not a children's library in the traditional sense of the word, but an evidence based concept which is already embraced by 18 countries, and which has allowed 22,500 children to participate in active reading. This paper gives an insight into the various aspects of the concept, the success factors in the different developing countries, and the necessity to realize more My Book Buddy children's libraries in co-operation with expert librarians who have knowledge of knowledge of children's literature and insight into the reading process of children. A window to the world has been opened for children who are usually deprived of books because they are too expensive or out of reach for them, not only figuratively speaking, but also in the literal meaning of the word.


We analyze a second order pure Lagrange--Galerkin method for variable coefficient convection-diffusion (possibly degenerate-diffusion) equations with mixed Dirichlet--Robin boundary conditions. In a previous paper the proposed second order pure Lagrangian time discretization scheme was introduced and analyzed for the same problem. More precisely, the $l^{\infty}(H^{1})$ stability and $l^{\infty}(H^{1})$ error estimates of order $O(\Delta t^{2})$ had been obtained. Moreover, for the particular case of incompressible flows, stability inequalities with constants independent of the final time have been stated. In the present paper $l^{\infty}(H^{1})$ error estimates of order $O(\Delta t^{2})+O(h^k)$ are obtained for the fully discretized pure Lagrange--Galerkin method. To prove these results we use some properties obtained in the previous paper. Finally, numerical tests are presented that confirm the theoretical results.


This paper investigates the effect of financial innovation on real money demand in the United States using GARCH estimation technique between 1990 and 2016. Ratios of broad money stock to GDP and growth in net domestic credit to GDP were included in a conventional money demand function to account for the financial innovation. The results indicate that neither external shocks (financial innovation) nor internal shocks (previous years' information) influence the volatility of the money demand.


This invention is a flame emulation method for electric andiron, wherein the light from the light source is treated by a flame flickering unit to have different light strength then shot through a flame module to a glass screen back to the emulated carbon block to have the effect of flame on burning carbon block. The flame flickering unit is composed by a couple of rotating reflector plates with adjacent parts upwards. The light will be treated by reflection or/and refraction or/and transmission or/and diffraction of the male and female face or/and the flat face of the plate into dynamic different light strength.


Agus Sri Mulyanto. "The Correlation between Teacher Professional
Competence and Teacher Self Concept with Performance of Teacher of Level
Fith of Elementary School in Grogol Sukoharjo Regency 2008/2009. Thesis
Educational Technology Study Program Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret
Univercity, Surakarta 2008.
The objectives of this research are into find out the correlation between
(1) teacher professional competence and performance of teacher (2) teacher self
concept and performance of teacher (3) teacher professional competence and
teacher self concept with performance of teacher
In line with research objective, the researcher employed a descriptive and
correlational study, the research variables were divided into two , that is the
independent variables X 1 (teacher professional competence ) and X2 (teacher self
concept ) and dependent variable Y (performance of teacher) .The population of
this research were all full time teacher of level fith of elementary school in Grogol
Sukoharjo Regency.The sample of the study 38 teachers are not selected because
in this reseach is used sensus sampling/total sampling.The data about teacher
professional competence, teacher self concept ad performance of teacher were
collected with questionarnaires.
The instrument validity was tested using item validity employing
Pearson's Product-Moment Formula. Meanwhile, the reliability of instrument
was tested with Alpha-Cronbach Formula . The research data were then analyzed
using correlation and multiple regression technique with prerequisite test covering
normality test with Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Test, linearity test with F test,
and independentcy test with colinearity statistics.
Result of data analysis at the significant level a = 0,05 show that (1) there
is positive which significant correlation between Teacher Professional
Competence and Performance of Teacher ( rcount > r table or 0,824>0,320) and
(tcount > t table or 8,728 > 1,72 ) (2) there is positive which significant correlation
between teacher self concept and performance of teacher (rcount > r table or
0,864>0,320) and (tcount > t table atau 10,293 > 1,74) and significant correlation
between teacher professional competence and teacher self concept with
performance of teacher (rcount> r table or 0,887>0,227 and (Fcount > F table or 58,384>
3,26)
17
From the result of data analysis, it can be concluded that (1) based on the
results of data analysis, it proved that there is positive which significant
correlation between teacher professional competence and performance of teacher
with effective contribution 23 % (2) there is a positive which significant
correlation between teacher self concept and performance of teacher with
effective contribution 54 % and (3) there is a positive which significant by
together with teacher professional competence and teacher self concept with
performance of teacher with effective contribution 77 %. This indicates that the
two variables can be used as good predictors for performance of teacher


Forensic age estimation is important in clarifying issues pertaining to unknown or disputed ages of living individuals as well as reconstructive identification of the deceased. Teeth are considered as useful tools in age estimation because of their ability to resist to various physical and chemical agents. Aim of the study was to estimate dental age in adults by Cameriere's method using pulp/tooth area ratio of mandibular canines and premolars. Study group comprised digital panoramic radiographs of 250 subjects, between 18 to 75 years. Adobe Photoshop CS4 image editing software program was used to measure the tooth and pulp area in pixels. Pulp/tooth ratio was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis, with age as the dependent variable and P/T ratio as predictor, yielded formulae for age estimation. Among the three teeth studied, 1st PM showed best age correlation, followed by canine and the combined teeth.


Reading Readings begins with a long provocative essay by Random Cloud decrying eighteenth-century Shakespeare editions. The seventeen essays that follow assert the power of eighteenth-century editions to engage and inform the late twentieth-century reader. Together these essays show the many ways in which an examination of eighteenth-century Shakespeare editions can illuminate our understanding of Shakespeare, the eighteenth century, and the history and practice of editing.


Mixed-alkali-metal metalation of toluene in the presence of TMEDA produces the benzyl complex [(PhCH(2))(4)Li2-xNa2+x(TMEDA)(4)], which has an octagonal ring structure that, in. spite of the 4-fold aggregation, contains Li+ cations complexed by bidentate TMEDA, a situation normally sterically forbidden in, homometallic lithium tetramers.


IN 1967, AMERICAN AUDIENCES WERE TRANSFIXED by Arthur Penn's Bannie and Clyde. The title characters were beautiful, ruthless, and doomed, and they died onscreen in a way that was radically different from the brief and bloodless expiration that viewers had anticipated. Instead, Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty as Bonnie and Clyde rolled and jerked in gory slow motion as a multitude of bullets sprayed their bodies, and American film gained a new and lasting phrase for its lexicon of violent cinematic death. Two years later, Sam Peckinpah included a lengthierand even bloodier climactic slow-motion sequence in The Wild Bunch (1969), and in the 19805 the technique became almost ubiquitous in blockbuster action-adventure movies. In the decades since its debut, audiences have been accustomed to the elaboration, exaggeration, and aesthetidzation that the use of slow motion adds to our view of the many, many ways a person can be wounded or killed onscreen. The edgy new code of 1967 has become standard practice, and thus has lost much of its power to shock or disturb. This is perhaps the impetus for more recent films' interesting use of anothertechnique that works as a vivid addition to, if not a replacement for, the somewhat stale trick of slow motion. The 45-degree shutter renders images in a staccato and intermittent fashion, yet it captures them more sharply than does the standard i8o-degree shutter; it debuted most notably in Iate-i99os films such as Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan (1998). Just as Arthur Penn used slow motion to highlight the bloody, destructive power of gunshots and counter the prevailing image of an actor clutching his chest and quickly falling over, filmmakers have used the 45-degree shutter to represent violence onscreen more realistically. In both cases, that enhanced realism is paradoxically based on visual distortion. In this paper I will explore how films like Bannie and Clyde and Saving Private Ryan use slow motion and the 45-degree shutter to visually reference historically relevant documentary films and photographs, and thus heighten the sense of realism. I will also discuss how this use of distortion-as-realism echoes Vietnam authors' claims about the "seemed real," and how this relatively new film technique reflects a larger, national discourse about the perception and representation of violence. In the famous final sequence of Bannie and Clyde, the two are driving back from a visit to town when they see C. W. Moss's father, Malcolm, waving them down, apparently with a flat tire. A flock of birds suddenly flies out of the trees, and Malcolm dives under his truck. Realizing what is about to happen, Clyde looks desperately at Bonnie, and she looks lovingly toward him immediately before the shooting starts. Frank Hamer, the Texas Ranger previously humiliated by the couple, leads the assault. The two are riddled with bullets that pierce them in visible bursts of blood, and the attack ceases only after Bonnie's body has slumped out of the car and Clyde's lies still after rolling over on the ground. Slowly, Malcolm and the lawmen emerge from their hiding places to stare down at the dead outlaw couple. For this sequence Penn used four cameras, each running at a different speed. He then edited the film into a montage of normal-speed footage and differing degrees of slow motion. The death of Bonnie and Clyde lasts fifty-four seconds-almost a full minute of what was then quite graphic violence-and contains fifty-one separate shots. Stephen Prince notes that "[subsequent filmmakers might take slow-motion ballets of blood to much greater extremes, but Penn was the first American filmmaker to conjoin multicamera filming, montage editing, and slow motion systematically in the visualization of screen violence" (135). Penn himself has stated that in this scene he wanted to show "two kinds of death: Clyde's to be rather like a ballet, and Bonnie's to have the physical shock" (Labarthe 169). …


Irrigation management for diversified croping in rice-based systems in the Philippines , Irrigation management for diversified croping in rice-based systems in the Philippines , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


In this article, we introduce concepts of Pompeiu-Hausdorff bipolar metric, multivalued covariant and contravariant contraction mappings in bipolar metric spaces. In addition to these, we express two main fixed point theorems, which are supported with four important corollaries, related to these multivalued mappings. Finally we give an example which presents the applicability of our obtained results.


Objective To explore the giant block of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) before and after treatment intervention in patients with serum AFP, GGT and CA19-9 level changes and clinical significance. Methods The use of chemotherapy hepatic artery embolization (TACE) treatment of giant blocks of primary liver cancer, TACE before and after the giant block of 55 cases of patients with RAI method of serum AFP, CA19-9 in testing, application of automatic biochemical Detection of GGT, compared observe and analyze the various indicators and changes in the level of treatment. Results The intervention before treatment serum AFP, GGT was significantly higher than the reference value of 20 ng/L,50 U/L(P0.01),one month after the intervention therapy significantly decreased, with significant differences before and after, but still significantly higher than normal, for two or three times after TACE AFP, GGT levels decreased gradually. After the intervention of the first six months, imaging examination of 28 cases of metastasis, a liver, the transfer of those 27 cases, did not transfer to AFP, GGT more normal levels, and more lesions or a transfer to AFP, CA19-9 increased significantly,with the transfer of a significant group differences (P0.05). Conclusion The huge type of primary liver cancer in patients with AFP, GGT and CA19-9 levels in the evaluation TACE efficacy, metastasis and prognosis are of great clinical value.


Based on Norwegian Nathan Environment Remote Sensing Center improved NERSC-HYCOM model,several different vertical coordinate setting tests on the tropical Pacific Ocean are made which discuss different vertical coordinates is set for the influence of the tropical Pacific Ocean temperature field and flow field and an improved scheme is designed on this area.Through the comparative analysis of the equator sea surface temperature(SST)and horizontal and vertical distribution and change of zonal flow velocity,the conclusions can be drawn as follows:1)Hybrid coordinate model related to the density is sensitive to the selection of potential density,NERSC-HYCOM model applied in the Pacific should choose suitable potential density setting for the Pacific;2)Single zcoordinate or singleσcoordinate model with high vertical resolution can well simulate tropical upper temperature field of the open ocean,but simulation effect in ocean border is a bit poor;singleσcoordinate model to simulate the surface of the flow field,double coordinateσ-z model andσ-z-iso hybrid coordinate model which has the low upper zcoordinate resolution to simulate the SST field and flow field are not satisfactory;3)Upper zcoordinate resolution ofσ-z-iso hybrid coordinate model has a great impact on the simulation result,so when to simulate the tropical Pacific Ocean circulation and SST,it should adopt higher upper zcoordinate resolution ofσ-z-iso hybrid coordinate model.


Steganography is the study of techniques for hiding the existence of a secondary message in the presence of a primary message. It is a sub-discipline of information hiding that focuses on concealing the existence of messages. Digital audio is stored on a computer as a sequence of 0's and 1's with the right tools, it is possible to change the individual bits that make up a digital audio file. Such precise control allows changes to be made to the binary sequence that are not discernible to the human ear. In a computer-based audio steganography system, secret messages are embedded by slightly altering the binary sequence of a sound file. We propose complete steganography on wav audio files using four stages of genetic algorithm – Encryption, Modulation, Decryption and Demodulation. We can hide any text within the layer of data structure of wav files. Cite this Article: Sumit Kumar Moudgil and Dr. U Ragavendran, Effective Use of Steganography on Audio Wave and Spy Analysis, International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering and Technology, 7(4), 2016, pp. 32–39. http://www.iaeme.com/IJECET/issues.asp?JType=IJECET&VType=7&IType=4 INTRODUCTION The steganography on Audio wav files were successfully implemented. After the implementation, Spy Analyses was done to test the algorithm on various parameters already introduced in Genetics based algorithm like Robustness, Capacity and Clarity.


A class of new spectral conjugate gradient methods are proposed in this paper. First, we modify the spectral Perry's conjugate gradient method, which is the best spectral conjugate gradient algorithm SCG by Birgin and Martinez [E.G. Birgin and J.M. Martinez, A spectral conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization, Appl. Math. Optim. 43 (2001), 117–128.], such that it possesses sufficient descent property for any (inexact) line search. It is shown that, for strongly convex functions, the method is a global convergent. Further, a global convergence result for nonconvex minimization is established when the line search fulfils the Wolfe line search conditions. Some other spectral conjugate gradient methods with guaranteed descent are presented here. Numerical comparisons are given with both SCG and CG_DESCENT methods using the unconstrained optimization problems in the CUTE library.


Some theoretical aspects of discontinuous preparative countercurrent distribution are studied. Experiments in discontinous preparative counter-current distribution can not be carried out unless the necessary number of cells, the feed quantity and the migration ratio of the solvents are known. Equations enabling to calculate these data are derived.


In [1], Theorem 2.2, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for a subset of an inverse semigroup to generate a free inverse subsemigroup. However one very obvious further condition is omitted. The result should read as follows.


A reasonable increase in water storage in the floodplains within a catchment is achievable to reduce flood-risk and increase biodiversity benefits through the restoration of natural storage capacities of rivers, and of the soils, or through impoundments using Flood Storage Areas (FSAs) techniques. This is also possible by reconnecting floodplains to rivers to reduce systemic flood-risk in protecting the environment. The extent to which biodiversity benefits are derivable is dependent on the hydrological regime; frequency of flood, duration (seasonality), water depth, climate change influences, soil drainage types, and etc., which has cumulative effect on the tolerance and resilience of habitats. Examples of Long Eau Rivers, Alkborough Tidal defence Scheme , Humber E, CrickladeNorth-Meadow, Woodwatt fen and The Yolo Bypass in California demonstrate that adaptation of proper management of river channels ,storage facilities , and reconnecting rivers to floodplains would yield and enhance biodiversity benefits of national and international ecological interest. There are evidences that actions taken to manage flood and coastal erosion risk by protecting, restoring, and emulating the natural regulating functions of catchment, rivers, floodplains and coasts always would yield biodiversity benefits. Such adaptive methods include: using the floodplains to temporarily store flood water away from high risk areas, reconnecting rivers to their floodplains, and lengthening watercourses to the more natural alignment. Also reforesting floodplains and establishment of green corridors which help to slow the velocity of flood reduces the flood-risk and improves biodiversity of the catchment area. However, an integrated approach of combining the natural processes and the traditional hard surface defences in the management of flood-risk from rivers in floodplains for increased biodiversity benefits is an option of interest in order to make for a more sustainable ecological environment safe for both property and nature.


Rapid urbanization has accelerated impact on the catchment hydrology and geomorphology. When the land use and land cover change as a result of development or human activities, such as replanting which takes place in river catchment areas, the dramatic increase in the surface runoff and higher sediment yield are expected. The present study attempts to give an overview of the channel changes and sediment transport phenomena in Pahang River including sediment yields movement from the upstream to the river mouth at Pekan. The sediment transport occurred due to the erosion in river catchment areas. Total sediment yield from the forested catchment to downstream of Pahang River basin was investigated from January 2005 to December 2010. Data were measured namely the rainfall depth, the total sediment yield and total suspended matter (River plume) at five sampling stations along the river. Twelve rainfall events were recorded with highest annual rainfall value of 583 mm was received on December 2010, while the lowest rainfall value was recorded on May 2005 (192 mm). Meanwhile, the annual value of TSY (total sediment yield) ranges from 172.8 to 622.8 ton /ha/yr. The average TSM (total suspended matter) ranges from 6.23 to119.47 mg/l. From the results there was the strong positive relationship (r=83) between total sediment yield and total 834 Dawi Muftah Ageel et al suspended matter, therefore, the effect of soil erosion on Pahang River plume was remarkable. Keywords; Pahang River, total sediment yield, total suspended matter, Rainfall, River plume. Introduction In recent years, it has been confirmed that high sediment yields are associated with tropical conditions. Bare soil is highly susceptible to rain splash and washes erosion, and arid zones produce record suspended sediment concentrations. The sediment not only causes water quality to deteriorate but also affects physical and biological conditions in the receiving systems (Walling & Webb,1983). The effect of soil erosion on suspended sediment transport is necessary for Investigating and understanding the environmental impact on the coastal area. In addition, detection of seasonal variations of suspended sediment intensity and sediment loads is the most important objectives of environmental monitoring since trend detection provides useful information for sustainable development and long-term planning of water resources. The increasing of sedimentation loads in the river has caused many environmental problems such as degrading water quality by (i) carrying pollutants (i.e. heavy metals and pesticides) and nutrients (i.e. phosphorus and nitrogen), (ii) reducing the penetration of light because of turbidity and (iii) decreasing the river depth when sediments are deposited in the river (Park et al., 2011). High suspended sediment concentrations in the river also can affect the aquatic organisms by clogging the gill of the fish, interfering with their natural movement and migration and disturbing the development of eggs and larvae by reducing the concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the river (Billota and Brazier, 2008). The transportation of sediment to the river can be classified into three types; (i) overland flow, (ii) rainfall impact, and (iii) combination between overland flow and rainfall impact. The rate of soil detachment is depending on the rainfall intensity, a diameter of raindrops and erodibility of the soil surface. The smaller drops and lower rainfall intensity will lead to less efficient in sediment removal from the soil surface (Beuselinck et al., 2002). The small particles of sediment that detached by rainfall impact become suspended in the overland flow and transported downslope while larger particles of sediment are transported to the river by rolling over the bed. Human activities and changes of land use have potential to cause the variability of sediment loads recorded at the river (Thothong et al., 2011). The rate of soil detachment is depending on the rainfall intensity, the diameter of raindrops and erodibility of the soil surface. The smaller drops and lower rainfall intensity will lead to less efficient in sediment removal from the soil surface. The small particles of sediment that detached (Ward et al., 2009). Study Area Following is the data covered by this study: 3,807.38 km2 having latitude 3o 00' N 4o 00' N and longitude of 102o 40'00' E 103o20' 00' E. The Pahang River is the longest river in Peninsular Malaysia. The Pahang River emerges from Banjaran Titiwangsa, Effect of Soil erosion on the Pahang River plume 835 with the height of 7,175 ft (2,187m). It carves through the valleys and flowing into the Southern China Sea. The width of the river reaches beyond 800m with respect to its downstream measurement, and it further develops in the peat forests' lowlands (Yusuke et al.2013). Due to the heavy rainfalls throughout the year, the volume of the water increases, sometimes causing floods in the nearby areas. The high and low slopes were seen in the south-western and north-western, and southeastern and northeastern region of the catchment area, respectively. The vegetation here comprises of dense forest (primary forests), palm oil, rubber, agricultural crops and paddy, besides the mining areas and the urban zones (no vegetation). Table 1 and Figure 1 shows the five riverine branches found in the downstream of the Pahang River basin. These five sub rivers : Jempol River, Lipis River, Temerlong River, Mentiga River and Luit River. Towards the low level in one of the Kuantan channels, there is the Lepar River, which basically is a body of a lot of water. It is situated midnorth of the study area and it goes through a huge area found through the agricultural plantation and secondary forests. The Mentiga River runs to a Pahang River's low level downstream. Table 1 Sub catchments of study area and their area Sub-catchments Average elevation Area (Km) Area (%) Sungai Luit 263 meters (863 feet) 291 26.77 Sungai Lepar 76 meters (249 feet) 422 38.82 Sungai Mentiga 122 meters (400 feet) 248 22.82 Sungai Temerlung 56 meters (120 feet) 72 6.62 Sungai Jempul 61 meters (200 feet) 54 4.97 Figure 1 Study area and the sub-catchments 836 Dawi Muftah Ageel et al Materials and Method Total sediment yield and total suspended matter data were obtained from DID using daily data for study period 2005 to 2010. Archived suspended-sediment data were obtained from the gauging stations of Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID). The DID gauge stations located at Kubang Paku,Kuala Lepar, Kuala Jempol, Lubuk Paku, Serengakam, Tanjung Agas and Kuala Pahang. For total suspended matter data,twenty-five sampling stations front Pahang River delta in the coastal area. From archive DID data (2005 to 2010) of the Pahang river estuary showed decreasing values of TSY and TSM concentrations in the earliest estimation year (2005) and slightly increased by the year 2006 to 2010. With no DID data to support the study in some months. These data are significantly important in order to obtain the historical view on the TSY and TSM concentrations in the Pahang river estuary during the study period from 2005 to 2010. The relationship between the total sediment yield and total suspended matter data were analyzed by using Regression analysis. In statistics, linear regression is an approach to modeling the relationship between a scalar dependent variable γ and one or more explanatory variables denoted x. The case of one explanatory variable is called simple linear regression. The equation of the straight line shown as following;


ATP depletion is one of the pathological bases in cerebral ischemia. Electro-acupuncture (EA) is widely used in clinical practice for ischemia. However, the mechanism of EA remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether EA could activate the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway and, consequently, increase the preservation of ATP in rats with ischemia. In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups as a sham-operation control group (sham group), a middle cerebral artery occlusion group (MCAO group), an EA group, and an EA group blocked by the AMPK inhibitor compound C (EA + CC group) (N = 12/group). The rats of the EA group and EA + CC group received the EA treatment for 7 days. The rats that belonged in the two remaining groups were only grasped in the same condition. Then, their brain tissues were collected for further detection. When compared with other groups, EA significantly reduced neurological deficits score and increased motor function. The cerebral infarction volume was significantly reduced in the EA group according to TTC staining. With western blot, we found that EA improved the ratio of p-AMPKα/AMPKα (P < 0.05), however, there is no difference between the MCAO group and sham group (P > 0.05). In addition, EA also increased the expression of PGC-1α and TFAM (all P < 0.05). By Elisa, we observed that EA increased the preservation of ATP (P < 0.05) and mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, including Complex I (P < 0.05), Complex IV (P < 0.05), but not Complex III (P > 0.05). In summary, we conclude that EA may protect against ischemic damage in MCAO rats, improve the preservation of ATP and mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. This effect may be positively regulated by the activation of the PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway.


Vocabulary composes one of the three elements in language. It is also the building material of language. To master a certain quantity of vocabulary is the prerequisites for students to use English freely. English vocabulary is the foundation of taking language teaching and raising the level of English reading. Therefore, the teaching of vocabulary plays an important role in language teaching, especially in the junior stages. Effective methods on the teaching of vocabulary will enable students to have a good command of the words which they have learned,to enlarge their vocabulary,improve their ability of reading, so as to obtain the efficient results in teaching.


The invention relates to a production technology process, in particular to a production technology process for an automobile heat dissipation device. The production technology process comprises the steps of pipe manufacturing, belt rolling, core assembly, drying and welding, main plate tinning, water chamber brazing, side plate brazing, assembly installing, paint spraying, drying, and packaging and storing. The production technology process is easy and convenient to operate, and the produced automobile heat dissipation device is compact in structure, high in strength, good in stability and sealing performance and high in production efficiency. In addition, the production technology process for the automobile heat dissipation device is high in quality and yield.


Complications of the superficial gluteal muscle transposition for repair of perineal hernia in 9 dogs were evaluated. The noticeable complications were rectal prolapse at recovery (2 dogs), wound infection and swelling (1 dog), hematoma of the thigh (1 dog), and recurrence (1 dog). Sciatic paralysis and fecal incontinence after operations were not observed. However, those complications can be easily prevented by suture techniques and suitable managements before and after surgery. Thus it is suggested that the gluteal muscle transposition is a valuable technique for repair of perineal hernia.


The paper considers statistical tests for determining if the heterogeneity distribution of the treatment group in a randomized experiment changes during the experimental period. Solving the problem is of practical interest since heterogeneity changes may indicate serious selection problems in the randomized experiment. To make the tests easily implementable in practice, we discuss estimating critical values, for which we use bootstrap. To asses the actual performance of the tests, we conduct simulation studies. Finally, the tests are applied to analyze a social experiment data set, which is the main goal of the present paper. Classification codes: C12, D31, D63.


Background and Objectives: The creation of an educational system that has the potential to educate students to live in a world which is constantly changing is one of the fundamental goals of education in developed societies, so it is not surprising that many educational systems decide to use modern educational technologies to achieve an advanced system. One of the reasons for the efficiency of advanced educational systems is that they study teaching and learning methods and always use the best and most effective methods. Therefore, it is predicted that using augmented reality as an emerging tool to promote innovation in conventional educational systems can facilitate the achievement of educational goals. On the other hand, multimedia designing principles in the digital educational applicatins is very important and must be considered in augmented reality design. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the use of conversational education style and formal education style in augmented reality on the learning rate of natural science course for eighth-grade high-school students. Method: The statistical population of the study included eighth-grade schools of Alborz province in the academic year 2020 – 2021; and the students of three classes were assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The research metod was experimental by pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The experiment group was trained by the augmented reality application aids in formal style and another experiment group with augmented reality application in conversational style and a control group with the convetnitonal instruction. The measurement instrument was a experimental science achievement test and its validity was assessed by teachers and educational technology experts. Findings: The results of ANCOVA test showed that there was a significant difference among the


The theoretical part of the master thesis defines legumes with focus on lentil. Nutritive pa-rameters, chemical composition and its importance to human nutrition are described. Fibre, its chemical composition, sorting according to solubility in water, physiological effects on human and determination methods are also defined in the theoretical part. The practical part is concerning about determination of content of neutral-detergent and crude fiber in selected sorts of lentil using ANKOM Fiber Analyzer instrument.


Toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons is often associated with biotransformation to free radical intermediates. However, when the authors incubated isolated membranes with carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, or other halocarbons {plus minus} Fe{sup 3+}-ADP a significant increase in lipid peroxidation occurred which could not be accounted for by biotransformation. Similar results were obtained with cultured smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Membrane-free in vitro incubations of an organic hydroperoxide (cumene hydroperoxide) with halocarbons and the spin trap PBN resulted in strong PBN adduct signals being formed within seconds to minutes. No PBN-adducts were detected in control incubations without cumene hydroperoxide or without the halocarbon. Using {sup 13}CCI{sub 4} with cumene hydroperoxide had no effect upon the hyperfine splitting constants of the PBN-adduct, demonstrating that the PBN-adduct arises from the cumene hydroperoxide and not the chlorinated solvent. Spin trapping studies using PBN and cultured cells demonstrate that similar PBN-alkoxyl adducts are formed following incubation of cells CCI{sub 4} and trichloroethylene in the presence of 6.25 uM FeCl{sub 3}. The authors data suggest that chlorinated hydrocarbons can interact with organic hydroperoxides within biological membranes to produce free radicals through a non-enzymatic means, and that these free radicals may then participate further in membrane lipidmore » peroxidation.« less


This thesis describes an experimental study on the electrokinetic and electrical properties of concentrated polystyrene and silver iodide dispersions. The purpose of the study is to obtain information on the structure of the electrical double layer at the solid-liquid interface. Special attention is paid to the various polarization phenomena that may interfere in electrokinetic and conductance measurements on condensed systems.After a general introduction in chapter 1, in chapter 2 we discuss the preparation and characterization of the polystyrene latices. The geometry of these colloids is well-defined and easy to control, their surface properties. on the contrary, are not. The number and nature of the surface groups may change upon characterization, due to contact with a solution of high ionic strength as well as during storage. In order to preclude any effect of these phenomena on the electrokinetic experiments, after preparation the latices have been treated in a special way.In chapter 3 the afore-mentioned polarization phenomena are studied with a four-electrode cell. The characteristics of this cell are investigated for both reversible and irreversible electrodes. In both cases electrode polarization phenomena considerably interfere with the streaming current measurements. Particularly disturbing are the polarizations that occur in the dispersed medium itself. The four- electrode method, however, enables correction for both forms of polarization. As a result. the electrokinetic data thus obtained are independent of the material of the measuring electrodes. When using reversible electrodes, another complication can be that electrolysis processes at the current-carrying electrodes disturb the system under investigation. When irreversible (platinum black) electrodes are incorporated in the cell, such processes do not occur. Another important advantage of the latter electrodes is that the four-electrode method is then most accurate and , moreover, generally applicable. Two independent experimental procedures (streaming potential and streaming current method) yield identical results, confirming the reliability of the four-electrode technique.Chapter 4 deals with the choice of the theoretical models that have been applied to infer double layer parameters from electrokinetic and conductance data. Zeta potentials are calculated by means of capillary models. In these the effect of double layer interaction has been taken into account, but not that of polarization of the double layer. For the inference of surface conductivities both capillary and cell models are considered. The latter take account of double layer and concentration polarization. The chapter concludes with a theoretical consideration of the relation between zeta potential and surface conductivity.In chapter 5 the electrokinetic techniques described in chapter 3 are applied to polystyrene plugs. The results show the slipping plane to shift away from the solid surface upon decreasing the ionic strength. Considerable conductance takes place in the corresponding fixed layer. The relaxation phenomena, observed in the streaming current measurements, are also studied by measuring frequency-spectra of the plug conductance. In the low-frequency range dispersions occur, being the more pronounced the lower the salt concentration. At high salt concentrations the dispersions probably stem from processes taking place at the measuring electrodes. Below concentrations of 10 -2 M relaxation processes in the plug itself contribute increasingly to the dispersions. These intrinsic processes as well as the electrokinetic data are accounted for by assuming the surface layer of polystyrene particles to consist of protruding, partly mobile polymer chains. The thickness of this "hairy" layer and, consequently, the position of the shear plane is controlled by the salt concentration.In chapter 6 the techniques developed are used to investigate the influence of adsorbed charged species (tetraalkylammonium (TAA + ) ions) on the structure of the polystyrene-solution interface. To this end, adsorption isotherms are also determined. When the surface is (partially) covered with TAA + ions, the position of the slipping plane is independent of ionic strength. Between this plane and the solid surface under these circumstances only very little or no conductance takes place any more. The polarization phenomena in the plug practically disappear when TAA + ions adsorb. The conclusion is that TAA + adsorption largely eliminates the hairiness of the polystyrene particles.Chapter 7 describes the measurements on silver iodide plugs. These have been performed as a function of ionic strength and surface potential. Intrinsic polarizations do also occur in plugs of this material, but they are much less pronounced than those observed in polystyrene plugs. No satisfactory explanation for these polarization phenomena can be offered. The experiments reveal a number of peculiar features. For high salt concentrations the electrokinetically displaceable charge density considerably exceeds the surface charge densities reported in literature. This inconsistency is ascribed to the fact that the latter data is based on an improper value of the specific surface area. Upon decreasing the ionic strength, for this system the slipping plane also shifts outwardly. This phenomenon is interpreted in terms of water structuring due to influences of the silver iodide surface. The concept of a stagnant layer can also account for the results obtained at variable surface potential. Procedures to calculate the thickness of the adhering layer are indicated, but definite conclusions cannot be drawn, because of uncertainties as to the extent of specific adsorption. The layer behind the slipping plane substantially contributes to the conductance of the system. To a small extent this stems from ionic transfer in the solid phase.It can be concluded that the electrokinetic and electrical techniques described in this thesis are useful tools to obtain insight into double layer structures. They have provided detailed information on the structure of the interface in aqueous polystyrene and silver iodide dispersions.


To settle the problem of the flood spam,a spam filtering algorithm based on AdaBoost algorithm and minimum risk Bayes algorithm is created by the combination of the latter two after in-depth analysis and research of them.Experiments have been run to apply it to spam filtering,and the result shows that this algorithm can ameliorate the performance of spam filtering system by improving the accuracy of mail filtering.


We have proposed ReMnO 3 (Re:rare earth) thin films, as a new candidate for nonvolatile memory devices. In this paper, we try to fabricate (0001) oriented YMnO 3 films on (111)MgO, (0001)ZnO:Al/(0001) sapphire and (111)Pt/(111)MgO using rf magnetron sputtering. We succeed in obtaining (0001) epitaxial YMnO 3 films on (111) MgO and (0001)ZnO:Al/(0001)sapphire substrate, and polycrystalline films on (111)Pt/(1 11)MgO for the first time. Electrical property of the bottom electrode (ZnO:Al) changes with varying the deposition condition of YMnO 3 films. However, we find an optimum deposition condition of ZnO:Al film such that it functions as a bottom electrode even after YMnO 3 film deposition. The dielectric properties of the epitaxial and polycrystalline YMnO 3 films are almost the same. The YMnO 3 films show leaky electrical properties. This may be caused by a change in the valence electron of Mn from 3+.


A metal + nonmetal (Mg + N) partial cosubstitution method for improving the dehydrogenation properties of lithium borohydride (LiBH4), which is a potential solid hydrogen storage material, is propo...


The purpose of this study is to find out how the performance of female employees in public service at Class II Immigration Office Bukittinggi is. The research method used is a mixed method research by combining the qualitative and quantitative data. The sources of data were primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained through interviews, observations and questionnaires to service users. The data from the distributed questionnaires are analyzed through frequency distribution table according to the respondents' statements. The number of respondents as service users amounted to 45 people and 7 informants from the Class II Immigration Office of Bukittinggi. The research result showing that the performance of the female employees was very good with a contribution of 84.4% of the respondent's answer in assessing the employees' discipline in starting and completing the service, responsibility in completing the tasks given and show good attitudes to the society. In performing their job, they  apply roles, duties and responsibilities properly according to the main tasks and Functions (tupoksi). Efforts and commitments from the stakeholders in improving the performance quality of the female employees are categorized good so that female employees can overcome any obstacles encountered.


Packages with multiple die provide additional challenges when documenting their thermal performance. To explore the thermal performance of multi-chip packages, stacked die configurations were chosen with the die stacked upon each other. A plastic ball grid array package (PBGA) was thermally tested with three die configurations. The thermal performance of the package was determined using the JEDEC 51 specifications. The package was also simulated using a finite element simulation to better illustrate the package performance. In addition, the validity of the superposition technique was evaluated in the determination of junction temperatures with change in power of the various die


Abstract For a Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebra defined by an unoriented graph of type An, we prove that is derived equivalent to a matrix-like algebra Under this equivalence, the higher K-groups and global dimension of have been described.


A remote unit operable in an idle mode to alternately wake-up and to enter a sleep mode, said remote unit comprising: a processing unit for controlling said remote unit; a clock signal generation system for generating system timing signals input to said processing unit, said clock signal generation system including: a first clock pulse generating unit for generating first clock pulses; a first counter for counting said first clock pulses and outputting a first system timing signal when a counted number of said first clock pulses exceeds a first predetermined threshold; a second clock pulse generating unit for generating second clock pulses; a second counter for holding a number of second clock pulses counted between the first system timing signals of said first counter and for counting said second clock pulses and outputting a second system timing signal when a counted number of said second clock pulses exceeds the held number of second clock pulses; and a mechanism for receiving said first and second system timing signals from said first and second counters and outputting said first system timing signal to said processing unit from said first counter when said processing unit is to wake-up and outputting said second system timing signal from said second counter when said processing unit is in sleep mode.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how the religious beliefs and experiences of a white Evangelical English teacher, Amy, shaped her enactment of critical inquiry pedagogy in her English classroom.

Design/methodology/approach
This study drew on three in-depth interviews focused on a white Evangelical English teacher's negotiation of her faith and understanding of critical inquiry issues in her teaching.

Findings
The teacher embraced anti-racist pedagogy by aligning definitions of structural racism with her understanding of the inherent sinfulness of humankind. She did so at the risk of her standing within her Evangelical community that largely rejected anti-racism. On the other hand, the teacher struggled with embracing LGBTQ+ advocacy, believing that affirmation of LGBTQ+ identities ran counter to her beliefs in "the gospel." Her theological beliefs created complications for her when students brought the issue up in her class.

Practical implications
This study illustrates the way an English teacher incorporated anti-racism into both her teaching and religious identity, demonstrating that for some, the main concepts promoted in teacher education programs are held against a theological standard. It suggests that more work must be made by English teacher educators to provide space for religious pre-service teachers to find religious justification for engaging in LGBTQ+ advocacy.

Originality/value
One of the goals of English education is to encourage students to read texts and the world critically. However, the critical inquiry may be seen by Evangelical teachers and students as value-laden, too political and hostile to religious faith. This study examines the tensions that arise for an English teacher who is a white Evangelical. It contributes to possible strategies for the field to address these tensions.


Fifteen institutions participated in a cooperative study for treatment of single ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Between June, 1963, and February, 1970, 1,005 protocols were submitted to the Central Registry. All patients had a single ruptured aneurysm on the internal carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral-anterior communicating or vertebral-basilar arteries. The four treatments allocated randomly were regulated bed rest, drug-induced hypotension, carotid ligation, and intracranial surgery. This study was an attempt to provide the relative merits of these several modes of therapy.


Objective:To detect the co-expression of caveolin-1(Cav-1)and PCNA proteins by aquantum dots(QDs)double-labeling immunofluorescence method in human different cervical lesions,and to investigate the relationship between expression of Cav-1protein and clinicopathologic parameters of cervical squamous cell carcinomas.Methods:QDs immunofluorescence histochemistry technology was used to detect the expression of Cav-1protein in human different cervical lesions including 10cases of normal cervical epithelium,10cases of low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CINⅠ),10cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CINⅡ-Ⅲ)and 70cervical squamous cell carcinomas,and co-expression of Cav-1and PCNA proteins was simultaneously detected by a double-labeling immunofluorescence.Results:The positive rate of Cav-1protein in the normal cervical epithelium,CINⅠ,CINⅡ-Ⅲand cervical squamous cell carcinomas was 0,20.00%,40.00%,and 55.71%,respectively,and the differences were significant between normal/CINⅠcervical epithelium and cervical squamous carcinoma(both P0.05).The positive rate of Cav-1protein was not related with clinicopathologic parameters of cervical squamous cell carcinoma(P0.05).But a positive correlation was observed between Cav-1and PCNA protein expression in the CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinomas(P0.01,r=0.429).Conclusion:The expression of Cav-1protein may contribute to cell proliferation,and correlate closely with the malignant progression of cervical lesions.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to address the role of high- and low-consequence exchanges in the relationship between trust and its antecedents (i.e., affective and cognitive elements) and consequences (i.e., positive WOM and search for second opinion intentions) in the context of the provision of medical services. Design/methodology/approach – We performed a survey with 681 patients from a large hospital. The data were analyzed through a multigroup structural equation approach. Findings – Findings show that during service encounters affective aspects have greater impact on consumer trust in situations of high-consequence than in low-consequence exchanges, while cognitive aspects have greater impact when consequences are low than when they are high. In addition, the authors found that the more severe the consequences, the greater the impact of trust on positive WOM and search for second opinion intentions. Originality/value – This study is the first to consider the exchange consequences as an impo...


This study explored the meaning of teenage motherhood to young Appalachian mothers using a phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews with 14 mothers between the ages of 18-22 from the southern central Appalachian region were conducted. Findings indicate that the experience of teenage motherhood can be described in terms of filling a void and the pervasive drug culture. Analysis of these findings indicates that the experience of motherhood is characterized by salvation. The salvation of motherhood is shaped by the emotional chasm it fills, as well as the protective barrier it provides between the mother and the drug culture surrounding her. Implications of these findings might include a need to examine the protective effects of motherhood from negative sociocultural forces among other subcultures. Also, the ubiquitous drug culture that surrounds young people in Appalachia should be taken into consideration when shaping policy and interventions for teenage pregnancy prevention.


In this study, we discuss the main and dyadic (interconnected) effects of transformational leadership, organizational conflict management on organizational trust in the life insurance industry. We analyze two samples (sales managers and sales employees) and carry out an empirical study using a multiple interaction regression approach to obtain significant results. We compare the dyadic effect with the main effects taking an overall view of leadership-trust linkage. Our main conclusion is that we consistently find an important contribution for the main effects of transformational leadership and organizational conflict management on organizational trust while the dyadic effect plays an interactive role that also helps enhance and uplift the leadership-trust relationship. This is important information for life insurance firms which need to build successful organizational trust associations via strategic alliance implementation, especially to adapt to an ever-changing alliance relationship.


У статті визначено суть, види, режими та функції комп'ютерної підтримки в навчальному процесі студентів. Обґрунтовано дидактичні умови, за яких досягається педагогічний ефект використання комп'ютера на уроках. Надано характеристику основним резервам, що сприяють інтелектуальному розвитку студентів під час роботи з комп'ютером. Ключові слова: комп'ютер, підтримка, студент, навчальний процес, педагогічний. В статье определены суть, виды, режимы и функции компьютерной поддержки в процессе обучения студентов. Обоснованы дидактические условия, благодаря которым достигается педагогический эффект использования компьютера на уроках. Дано характеристику основным резервам, способствующим интеллектуальному развитию студентов при работе с комп'ютером. Ключевые слова: компьютер, поддержка, студент, процесс обучения, педагогический. New informational technologies applied in education allow to use scientific and educational potential of the leading universities and institutions more actively, attract the best teachers for new learning courses creation, expand the audience of students. Abroad use of the Internet resources in education already has a great experience, because users can find any information in global networks. In terms of school informatization it is necessary to include computer support in pedagogical arsenal. Computer support makes a significant change in students' activity, because it provides learners' access to knowledge of various fields. Traditional textbooks, dictionaries and reference books are not able to compete with it. A computer opens up a new way of learning. What was available only to specialists of higher qualification, today, thanks to the computer, is available even to schoolchildren. Using computer programs and games, a teacher can choose course material in a better way. Computers make it possible to present the course material in simple, easy and emotional way, activate  students' intellect, expand their worldview, causing considerable interest in a particular field of knowledge. Key words: computer, support, student, learning process, pedagogical


The operation of the China Railway Express features numerous links across several regions and countries. Effectively controlling the risks involved in the operation of the China Railway Express is crucial for ensuring safety and efficiency and promoting the sustainable development of the China Railway Express. The Bayesian network-based risk-management model was built corresponding to the actual operation of the China Railway Express; the model used an advanced risk-management theory. The sensitivity analysis of risk factors and Bayesian network inference were realized using the expectation-maximization and clique-tree propagation algorithms. Using the risk-checklist method, 17 risk-related factors were analysed on 17 nodes of the Bayesian network from three perspectives—safety, efficiency and effectiveness—based on expert opinions and the actual operating conditions of the China Railway Express. Data from a sensitivity analysis and evidence inference of the Bayesian network model indicated that the sensitivity coefficients of nodes N01, N04, N07, N08 and N17 of the network were high. Moreover, the risk-occurrence probabilities for nodes N01, N04, N06, N07 and N09 were higher in the case of reverse inference. Our results revealed the crucial factors influencing the risk. The identified risk factors included the stability of the political environment in countries along the route, conditions of station infrastructures and the complexity of the process of changing rails and reloading. Further, risk-management suggestions were provided. By establishing a sound risk-management framework, reliable assessment and management could be realized in accordance with changes in the operating conditions of the China Railway Express.


This paper presents a new method to test cyclotomic polynomials with Bi-evolution programming based on some existing problems in using traditional methods to test cyclotomic polynomials. The method uses the fact that all the roots moment of a cyclotomic polynomial are roots of unity. Numerical computation results indicate that the algorithm offers an effective way to cyclotomic polynomials, high convergence rate and high accuracy.


During 2004 the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter project, a part of NASA's Project Prometheus, continued efforts to develop electric propulsion technologies. These technologies addressed the challenges of propelling a spacecraft to several moons of Jupiter. Specific challenges include high power, high specific impulse, long lived ion thrusters, high power / high voltage power processors, accurate feed systems and large propellant storage systems. Critical component work included high voltage insulators and isolators as well as ensuring that the thruster materials and components could operate in the substantial Jupiter radiation environment. A review of these developments along with future plans is discussed.


The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a unicellular and multinuclear giant amoeba. In this paper, the authors investigate four allometric laws in the exploratory behavior of the plasmodium, and integrate them into one schema based on the dynamics of cytoplasmic streaming. This study reveals a novel function of the tubular structure of the plasmodium, shedding new light on the adaptive behavior of the organism.


An apparatus and method for generating by adding error detection information to the information for transmission in a communication system is disclosed. According to this embodiment of the invention, each capable of sending at least two columns of data with different lengths through the data channel, having the same length as the length of each column of data, the control information indicating the information for columns each data column in a communication system for transmitting control data train including the error detection information bit sequence for detecting the control information column error through a data control channel, an error detection for detecting a length of data sequence transmitted over the data channel information bit is heat-producing device is proposed. The error detection information bit sequence generating apparatus, the error detection information bits corresponding to the number of columns and located on the paths defined by a plurality of registers and a path of advance given generator polynomial of between the resistor connected in series with each other , wherein the control information column bits and the plurality of registers during the respective adders are heat is input a plurality of the adder that adds the bit string feedback bit sequence received through an input path to the output through an output path, and the control information of the by adding the bits output from the last position register sequentially generated as the feedback bit sequence and provides a feedback bit sequence the generated to the adder, and the last with the preset input bit when the control information input of heat is completed the bits output from the location register in order Adding, includes a computing unit for outputting a first error detection information bit sequence, the initial value controller for providing at least an initial value of a selected one of the initial value of the at least two data columns being each defined differently for in the register.


A FORTRAN computer program designed to fit a linear transfer function model to given frequency response magnitude and phase data is presented. A conjugate gradient search is used that minimizes the integral of the absolute value of the error squared between the model and the data. The search is constrained to insure model stability. A scaling of the model parameters by their own magnitude aids search convergence. Efficient computer algorithms result in a small and fast program suitable for a minicomputer. A sample problem with different model structures and parameter estimates is reported.


Although research on the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) with science instruction has identified significant benefits to students and teachers, K-12 teachers tend to underutilize ICT in their science instruction. This study used a quasi-experimental design to measure preservice early childhood teachers' attitudes (self-efficacy and outcome expectancy) toward the integration of technology into their science instruction before and after curricular intervention during their science methods course. Both the treatment and control groups showed significant positive change in their self-efficacy scores at the end of the course. Only the treatment group, however, showed a significant positive change in outcome expectancy. Previous research has shown that outcome expectancy is resistant to change as a result of instruction. In light of the results of this study, implications for the instruction of preservice teachers in the use of educational technology to teach science are discussed, as are considerations for future research.


Thank you for reading die evolution des gehirns die erschaffung des selbst. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this die evolution des gehirns die erschaffung des selbst, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


The Multi-Array Induction Tool,manufactured by the China Petroleum Logging Co.,Ltd,independently,is an array-based,next-generation digital imaging logging tool.This paper describes the principles of array induction logging,coil system composition,scope of application,and other basic profile.Then emphatically give some concrete application examples of MIT well logging materials in Changqing Oilfield,at last make a brief summary of its application and give some suggestions in the field.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of 5-Aza on methylation of CDH1 and the migration and mobility of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell lines.

Methods
Two TSCC cell lines UM1, UM2 were treated with or without 5-Aza. Cell morphology and growth patterns were observed under the light microscope. Wound healing and transwell assay were performed to determine the ability of cell migration. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of E-cadherin. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to determine the methylated profile of CDH1. Chi-square test was performed to compare relative invasion rate and the significance level was set at P<0.05.

Results
UM1 cells appeared to be dispersed, spindle-shaped with migratory protrusions, whereas, UM2 cells presented with cobblestone-like pattern and an apical-basal polarity. A higher expression of E-cadherin with lower mobility was demonstrated in UM2 than in UM1. The wound area was completely covered in UM1 after 48 h, while less than 75% in UM2. UM1 displayed a higher methylation profile in the MSP detection. After treated with 5-Aza in UM1 cells, the cell morphology became irregular and UM2-like with firm cell connection. The 48 h wound cover area of 5-Aza treated UM1 was less than 70%, the relative invasion rate was 102% (χ2 = 0.651, P>0.05) compared to the untreated cells and E-cadherin expression was increased, while a demethylation of CDH1 gene was observed.

Conclusion
Demethylation of CDH1 was involved in 5-Aza mediated inhibition of cell migration and motility in TSCC cells.

Key words:
Tongue; Carcinoma, squamous cell; Migration; Methylation; E-cadherin; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition


China's college vocality teaching has long been troubled by obsolete concepts,methods,means and unqualified staff.Therefore,its natural results are nothing but the low efficiency and the long-term training plans,which have become the main obstacle to the early birth of the vocalists.For this reason,the reform is in crying need.


By the use of pig anti-A serum, mink red blood cells can be classified as group A or group O. The expression of these two characters is believed to be controlled by a pair of allelic genes, giving rise to two phenotypes, A and O, and three genotypes, AA, AO and OO. No antibody to either of these antigens has been found in the sera of mink lacking the corresponding antigen.


0.1M of CuCl2.2H2O dissolved in double distilled water as a starting solution was used to spray on glass substrate. After preparing CuO thin film, we used UV-Visible spectrophotometer to recording the absorption spectra. From these spectra, it can calculate some of optical constants. The absorption, absorption coefficient, and extinction coefficient increase with increasing annealing temperature. While the skin depth and energy gap decreases with increasing annealing temperature.


Identifying the direct protein targets of a bioactive small molecule gives insight into the compound's mechanism of action, its efficacy, and possible toxicity. Target identification is becoming an increasingly important part of the drugdevelopment process. However, given the transient and heterogeneous nature of interactions between small molecules and proteins, this step is often difficult, greatly slowing the development of new therapeutics. For this reason, new methods to rapidly identify the direct protein targets of bioactive small molecules are of great importance. Enrichment strategies coupled with quantitative mass spectrometry have shown great promise in target identification. Here we will present our progress toward developing an engineered enzymatic tagging method that enables specific labeling and enrichment of protein targets from complex lysates. This method couples the binding of a small molecule to a proximity-based labeling event. Labeled target proteins are enriched and subsequently identified using quantitative LC-MS/MS. We will discuss several variations of this method, and highlight our progress towards applying proximity labeling to small-molecule target identification and validation. B.2 Modelling Atherosclerosis: Molecular Changes in the Ascending Aorta of Cholesterol-fed Rabbits Jingshu Xu, Mia Jüllig, Martin J. Middleditch, Garth J.S. Cooper School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK


i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER 1: Context-dependent mate choice and its relation to sexual conflict


Since nowadays the economy of the Russian Federation depends greatly on export of these mineral deposits, it is necessary to start development and exploitation of new deposits in a short space of time. Thereby, it is necessary to start rapidly development and sophistication of the technologies for reconditioning, repair and enhancement of performance characteristics of the drilling equipment used for extraction of mineral deposits, particularly, in the Arctic zone. The list of domestic manufacturers of drilling equipment is shown. Domestic laser installations for such technologies are described in the article.


Cooperation is fundamental to successful procurement and delivery of building and civil engineering projects. This study explores the role of perceived fairness as a motivator of cooperative behavior in the process for administering project claims. The objective is to investigate how a contractor's perceptions about fairness of the procedure for administering project claims would interact with the outcome received from the claims to influence the contractor's cooperative behavior in terms of conflict intensity and potential to dispute. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 41 contractors' personnel regarding their experience with claims on 41 completed projects in Singapore. The data were analyzed using the structural modeling approach. The results indicate that on projects where contractors did not receive a favorable outcome from claims, there was lower intensity of conflict and lower potential to dispute when contractors perceived tha...


IN a previous communication (Bensted, 1937) a report was made on the laboratory findings in a series of cases of typhoid fever. The report was chiefly concerned with the mouse virulence and Vi-antigen content of the organism recovered from the blood culture and the findings, which were in general agreement with those of other workers, were fully confirmed in the following year in a similar, but more extensive, report by Lewin (1938). The present communication is concerned with the examination of a further series of strains of Bact. typho8um, chiefly with regard to the enhanced development of Vi-antigen, and also an investigation into the production of Vi-antibody in natural infections in man, induced infections in animals and the response following the injections of killed suspensions of certain Vi-strains.


Pork consumption grows every day, and to serve this demand, swine farmers try to optimize their production by increasing the number of pigs without increasing the physical space that would be necessary to achieve welfare. However, increasing the quantity of pigs induces diseases in farms, making this an issue of great importance in swine rearing. Among many illnesses, the focus of the present work is about habitual problems in nursing piglets with traumatic arthritis. This disease has the characteristic to cause a great weakness in piglet locomotion. Breastfeeding piglets stop eating as a result of pain and present a great consequence for weight loss, reaching death. For that reason, the aim of this work was to evaluate the vocalization of healthy piglets and sick ones (affected by traumatic arthritis) through the use of expert systems, which are intended to find specific characteristics from a signal. In the experiment, 6 healthy piglets and 6 sick piglets were used, with ages between 10 and 15 days. A recording was made of each animal; however, each call has many screams. The acoustic behavior of the two treatments studied was different considering the visual aspect of the intensity noise. Evaluating these two conditions, the calls were compared to verify the presence of significant differences in the vocalization of sick and healthy animals.


We report the observation of thermal bistability induced by optomechanical oscillation in an optical microcavity. It is shown experimentally and theoretically that such bistability appears due to optomechanically modulated photon number.


An elasto-plastic constitutive model for freezing and thawing soils is developed to capture the deformation behavior and strength evolution of the soil subjected to mechanical loading as well as temperature changes. The model is based on the critical state framework, with the yield condition as in the modified Cam clay model. It uses the ice ratio as a scalar parameter to describe the evolution of the yield condition due to freezing and thawing. The model has been calibrated and implemented in the finite element system ABAQUS to solve boundary value problems. Freezing and thawing of soils in proximity of a retaining wall is simulated using the model.


Assessment of student learning matters more than ever in the changing world of higher education and with changing expectations society has of its university graduates. For this reason, it is imperative that all staff involved in supporting student learning (particularly new academic staff starting their lecturing careers) are enabled to understand the fundamental principles of assessment of student learning, so that they in turn can endeavour to enhance student learning through effective assessment (Stefani, 1998). The aim of this paper is to present a model for promoting the scholarship of assessment which highlights that assessment is an integral aspect of student learning.


A new control scheme is proposed for turbofan engines, where the objective is to transfer a regulated output between two setpoints, with the additional requirement that a set of limited outputs remain within prescribed bounds. The strategy is based on the traditional max-min selector system, replacing linear regulators with sliding mode controllers where the sliding variable for the limited outputs is defined as the difference between the output and its limit. The motivation for the replacement lies in several recently-noted shortcomings associated with the use of linear regulators in the traditional scheme. The proposed technique effectively removes the weaknesses of the traditional scheme. The paper points out these deficiencies and describes the proposed method, establishing overall system stability. The invariance properties leading to limit protection are also elaborated. A design methodology involving a mixed H1=H2 multi-objective feedback gain synthesis is proposed and demonstrated through a design example. Practical applicability is further demonstrated by simulation using a high-fidelity nonlinear engine simulator (C-MAPSS).


The individual and social burden caused by knee osteoarthritis calls for clinical and logistical innovations to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Fast-track surgery is a multidisciplinary perioperative approach aimed at reducing surgical stress and facilitating postoperative recovery, resulting in decreased convalescence, better patient satisfaction, and reduced hospital costs [12]. Indeed, accelerated recovery was attributed to better coordination and collaboration between orthopaedic surgeons, physiatrists, physical therapists and patients [3].


Although zinc minerals were used in Roman times in combination with copper to form brass, the individual metal zinc has only been produced in the West for a little more than 200 years. Medieval furnaces recently excavated in India show that smelting and distillation of zinc metal was developed several centuries earlier.


Release-recapture studies were conducted with Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, the species given highest priority for stock-enhancement research in Hawaii. Their purpose was to evaluate recruitment potential, dispersal, growth, and differential recapture rates of cultured fingerlings released into shoreline juvenile nursery habitats along the windward (eastern) coast of Oahu, Hawaii. We varied fish size at release, release site, and the seasonal timing of releases using a balanced, randomized-block experimental design. After releases of 20,000 tagged Pacific threadfin in 1993 and about 81,000 in 1994, we recaptured 1705 cultured juveniles in net collections made over a 17-mo period. Presence of cultured fish in net samples depended strongly on the interactive effects of release variables. Size at release had an important effect on recapture rates at all release sites, but this effect varied seasonally. At one of the release sites, larger fish apparently had better survival after winter releases and smaller fish had better survival after summer and fall releases. Release site affected dispersal patterns, recruitment, and recapture rates. The percentage of cultured fish in samples of Pacific threadfin taken 8 mo after release varied from 0% to 64%. Cultured fish showed strong site fidelity at some sites, weak at others. What we considered pilot-scale releases clearly were large enough to approach swamping wild recruitment at Kahana Bay. A key question from this study is how many cultured juvenile Pacific threadfin the Kahana Bay site can support without displacement of wild individuals.


IN A RECENT series of 34 patients with deep venous thrombosis, Smith 1 found that 29 cases involved the left and 5 the right leg. Similarly, Hafner et al 2 noted that deep venous thrombosis occurred more commonly in the left lower extremity than in the right, with a ratio of 31:10 in his cases. He suggested that the anatomic cause for this finding may be that the left iliac vein is compressed between the right iliac artery and the pelvic brim. However, Brockman and Vasko, 3 in a collective review of the literature on phlegmasia cerulea dolens, observed that 115 cases were in the right leg, 110 in the left leg, and 32 bilateral. Comparison of blood flows in the legs is therefore of interest in its relationship to the distribution of deep venous thrombosis in the extremities. The present study represents the simultaneous determinations of bilateral femoral venous


Abstract In this paper a class of quadratic systems is studied. By quadratic systems we mean autonomous quadratic vector fields in the plane. The class under consideration is class II n =0 in the Chinese classification of quadratic systems. Bifurcation sets δ = δ*( l , m ) ( m > 2, l > 0) and δ = δ sep ( l , m ) (l 2 ≥ 4 if m = −1, ∨ m ≠ −1) are proved to exist corresponding to a semistable limit cycle and a separatrix cycle appearing in II n = 0 respectively. The asymptotic behaviour of δ* and δ sep is investigated if ( l , m ) tend to the boundary of its domain of existence. Especially the case of large parameters, which is related to singularly perturbed differential equations (relaxation oscillations), is considered. After a blowing up of the variables the problem is studied with the use of Pontryagin-integral techniques for bifurcation of limit cycles from Hamilton systems.


The invention relates to a clipless wiper blade (10) with a wiper strip (12) of elastomeric material, which has a hydrophobic surface, by a support member (16, 28) is reinforced and in the center together with the supporting element (28) of a connection piece (18) and an adapter (30) is held. It is proposed that the connection piece (18) and the adapter (30) also comprise a hydrophobic surface.


Medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC)-restricted expression of autoimmune regulator (Aire) is essential for establishment of immune tolerance. Recently, Aire was also shown to be expressed in cells of hematopietic and reproductive lineages. Thus, the generation of Airefl/fl mouse strain enables the investigation of the cell-specific function of Aire.


ABSTRACT A comprehensive mathematical model is developed for emulsion polymerisation of butyl acrylate to polybutyl acrylate in a semi batch reactor. The mathematical framework is based on the population balance approach. The model includes such mechanistic details as: (i) particle generation from radicals entering micelles, (ii) coupling of the radical concentration in the aqueous phase and particle phase, (iii) determination of the particle phase radical concentration by radical entry into, exit from and termination inside the particle, (iv) thermodynamic equilibrium between the monomer concentration in the aqueous phase and the particle phase. The population balance equations are solved efficiently using orthogonal collocation. Dynamic simulations are compared to the experimental data taken from the literature. The predictions for the various average diameters of the particle size distribution, polydispersity index, standard deviation and full particle size distribution are also given.


The establishment of the legal system of limited partnership in China has become an inevitable trend. This paper discussed the issues of the operation of limited partnership, such as the limit on the number of partners, contribution, management and exit mechanism. Based on using the reference of the practices and experience of foreign countries, this paper put forward its views on establishing the legal system of limited partnership with Chinese characteristics.


Abstract In situ caging experiments showed that both littorinid snails and gammarid amphipods exerted minimal effects on the suite of algae comprising the canopy of littoral fringe tide pools dominated by Fucus distichus. In the absence of grazers, the Fucus canopy was dramatically reduced by fatal endophyte infections. Among the 10dependent variables making up the algal species and forms at the substratum level below the canopy, 3 were highly affected by grazing. The germlings of F. distiehus were greatly reduced by littorinids. Gamrnarids also reduced germling cover, but were less effective. In addition, the two grazer guilds interactively reduced the cover of algae belonging to the Uniseriate functional form at the substratum level. Sheet/Tube form algae were reduced in cover only by littorinids. Other forms, including calcareous crusts, thalli of Chondrus crispus and 3 Cladophora species were unaffected by grazing. There was no indication of food resource partitioning between littorinids and gammarids.


The light guide plate (LGP) of LCD-BLU (Liquid Crystal Display-Back Light Unit) is usually manufactured by forming numerous dots by etching process. However, the surface of those etched dots of LGP is very rough due to the characteristics of etching process, so that its light loss is relatively high due to the dispersion of light. Accordingly, there is a limit in raising the luminance of LCD-BLU. In order to overcome the limit of current etched-dot patterned LGP, micro-lens pattern was tested to investigate the possibility of replacing etched pattern in the present study. The micro-lens pattern fabricated by the modified LiGA with thermal reflow process was applied to the optical design of LGP. The attention was paid to the effects of different optical pattern type (i.e. etched dot, micro-lens). Finally, the micro-lens patterned LGP showed better optical qualities than the one made by the etched-dot patterned LGP in luminance.


OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in Anru sanjie pill. METHODS:The dual-wavelength HPLC was adopted. The analytical column was Agilent Eclipse pluse C18 (250 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm)column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphonic acid(20∶80,V/V)at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm for paeoniflorin and 330 nm for rosmarinic acid. The column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear ranges of paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid were 4.20-42.00 ng/μl and 4.10-41.00 ng/μl(r=0.999 9). RSDs of precision test,reproducibility test and stability test were all lower than 2%. The average recoveries were 98.82% and 97.80%, and RSD were 1.90% and 1.23%(n=9),respectively. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,reliable and has good repeatability. It can be used for quality control of the product.


Abstract Two coal samples from the Coal-bearing Series of the Faeroe Islands have yielded an abundant flora of sporomorphs. Pteridophytes, probably bryophytes, and gymnosperms as well as angiosperms, have been met with. The most characteristic types are illustrated, and their probable origin is discussed. The sporomorph flora suggests an Eocene age of the Coal-bearing Series.