A methodology has been devised for accounting for uncertainties in the strengths of silicon carbide structural components of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The methodology enables prediction of the probabilistic strengths of complexly shaped MEMS parts using data from tests of simple specimens. This methodology is intended to serve as a part of a rational basis for designing SiC MEMS, supplementing methodologies that have been borrowed from the art of designing macroscopic brittle material structures. The need for this or a similar methodology arises as a consequence of the fundamental nature of MEMS and the brittle silicon-based materials of which they are typically fabricated. When tested to fracture, MEMS and structural components thereof show wide part-to-part scatter in strength. The methodology involves the use of the Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures Life (CARES/Life) software in conjunction with the ANSYS Probabilistic Design System (PDS) software to simulate or predict the strength responses of brittle material components while simultaneously accounting for the effects of variability of geometrical features on the strength responses. As such, the methodology involves the use of an extended version of the ANSYS/CARES/PDS software system described in Probabilistic Prediction of Lifetimes of Ceramic Parts (LEW-17682-1/4-1), Software Tech Briefs supplement to NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 30, No. 9 (September 2006), page 10. The ANSYS PDS software enables the ANSYS finite-element-analysis program to account for uncertainty in the design-and analysis process. The ANSYS PDS software accounts for uncertainty in material properties, dimensions, and loading by assigning probabilistic distributions to user-specified model parameters and performing simulations using various sampling techniques.


Expression of Concern: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase 1 alleviates endothelial cell apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Survivin. The publisher of the Journal of Biological Chemistry is issuing an Expression of Concern to inform readers that credible concerns have been raised regarding some of the data and conclusions in the article listed above. The Journal of Biological Chemistry will provide additional information as it becomes available. EXPRESSION OF CONCERN


small and medium-sized enterprises for independent innovation on the economic growth and the transferring of the growth has an important meaning,but currently,The development environment of China's small and medium-sized enterprises for independent innovation still exists many factors,to form an environment that encourages creativity,only on the market economy is not enough,and the finance and tax policy is incentive or restrict the independent innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises development degree of important policy environment,so must rely on the government in the policy level to support and funding.Based on this,aim to the bottleneck of restricting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises,this paper puts forward some suggestions to support finance and tax policy on small and medium-sized enterprises.


Cuba. She has worked as a freelance journalist in Britain and the United States, and is a graduate of Berkeley, California-based KPFA Radio's training programme. Her research is concerned with the role of mass media in nation-building processes and the formation of collective identities in relation to diasporization and creolization. The principal themes include exile, representation, inclusion/exclusion, myth, memory and the cultural politics of place.


From the perspective of sociolinguistics, this paper illustrates the necessity and importance of non-standard English acceptance in EFL classroom. Tolerance for non-standard English in EFL classroom not only facilitates learners' language performance but also supports the call for respect for cultural diversity and recognition of pluralism in a globalized world. This paper attempts to shed some light on the significance of respecting for individual learners and their choices of language in EFL classroom.


We demonstrate a fiber-fed 60-GHz selfheterodyne system using a self-oscillating harmonic optoelectronic mixer (SO-HOM) based on a Si avalanche photodetector (APD) fabricated with 0.18 μm standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The proposed SO-HOM consists of a CMOS-compatible APD and a feedback electrical loop for self-oscillation. It simultaneously performs photodetection and harmonic optoelectronic frequency up-conversion of photodetected data signals to the 2 harmonic self-oscillation frequency band. We successfully demonstrate data transmission of 5 MS/s 32 quadrature amplitude modulation signals in a 60-GHz band without any local oscillators operating in millimeter-wave bands. Index Terms — Avalanche photodetector, CMOS-compatible photodetector, fiber-fed system, optoelectronic mixer, selfheterodyne, self-oscillating mixer, 60-GHz band.


Service is the main factor preferred and planned in realizing consumer expectation and desires where seen in the fact that service in the field of land transportation sector and also air transportation tends to be minimal and not maximal yet. However, the availability of infrastructure is one of the vital aspects in accelerating the process of national development in various fields. Based on this matter, that in the future needed effort of Holding state-owned enterprises in the framework of improving infrastructure, especially in the field of air transport and land transportation. Realization to build of Holding as the parent company of SOE's based on core business need to be addressed and implemented carefully. Cause there are a number of law potentials may appear to surface when the process of Holding Company realized. That is how the legal system and the legal relationship between parent company and subsidiary company in holding system.The purpose of this writing is to describe the Holding of SOEs from the perspective of law and SOE Holding solutions in order to improve the services.The research method used in this study is a normative approach or a conseptual approach, focused on assessing the application of norms or norms in positive law regarding the Holding of SOEs.


The aim of the study was to find out the attitudes of perents during the online teaching and learning process for deaf children during the  covid-19 pandemic at SLB Negeri Bengkalis and SLB Cendana Duri. Date were collected using a questionnaire given to perents using google form and directly. This study uses data analysis techiniques in the from of percentages with categories that are divided into overall, almost enterely, mostly, partially, almost partially, and a small propotion of parents show attitudes in online learning.


The impact of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) on selected woody plants varies from local extirpation to persistence amid continuous utilisation. Species generally selected by elephants and the way they are foraged makes them vulnerable to high utilisation levels. This paper studied the spatial and temporal distribution of Vachellia stuhlmannii in Venetia-Limpopo Nature Reserve using SPOT ( S ytéme Pour l'Observation de la Terre) imagery. The spatial pattern distribution of the species was computed using the Spatial Point Pattern Analysis (SPPA) and the Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) of the species was tested using the Nearest Neighbour Ripley's K(r) function. Results indicate a significant decrease in the area covered by V. stuhlmannii between 2013 and 2017, with a subsequent decrease in the density of the species. This result was positively correlated (Pearson correlation r 3 = 0.796, P = 0.634) to a decrease in annual rainfall. V. stuhlmannii follows an aggregated spatial pattern, which led to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H o) test of complete spatial randomness. Limitation of this study is that the results are based on five-year data between 2013 and 2017. This was influenced by the SPOT data used that is made available commercially. It is recommended that further studies evaluate the species distribution and density prior to 2013 to determine whether the decrease is because of other browsers, diseases, elephant impact, decreasing annual rainfall or combination of factors.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to address a fundamental study and performance analysis of a proposed 6Slots-10Poles permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) using straight rotor (StR) and 6Slots-8Poles PMFSM with spanned rotor (SpR) structure.

Design/methodology/approach

Design configuration of the proposed machine was developed using commercial finite element analysis package and JMAG-Designer V.14 software, which provides two-dimensional finite element solver throughout the investigation. An electromagnetic performance analysis is carried out and compared over the two proposed topologies which consist of machines no-load and under-load conditions.

Findings

This paper demonstrates the finding of the proposed StR structure which consist of more favorable three-phase sinusoidal feature, lower cogging torque and higher output torque. Flux density attributes reveal higher established magnetizing flux concentration in StR compared with SpR. Consequently, the StR structure requires low armature current before it may start to rotate and provides better robust construction with less material consumption and cost.

Originality/value

This paper describes the novel design of a new PMFSM configuration pertinent for high-speed applications.


A novel quadruple-mode stubs-loaded ring resonator (SLRR) is presented in this letter, which can achieve compact dual-band differential bandpass filters (BPFs) with intrinsic common-mode suppression. The differential-mode (DM) equivalent circuit and common-mode (CM) equivalent circuit of the SLRR are given and investigated by using the even-/odd-mode theory. Two DM resonances of the SLRR can be adjusted independently and are used to construct two DM passbands. Due to the magnetic-dominated coupling between two SLRRs, the intrinsic CM suppression characteristics are achieved in the differential passbands without using any additionally loaded elements. And by loading the different short-circuited coupled lines (SCCLs) at the parallel-coupled feed-line of differential BPF separately, two transmission zeros (TZs) are introduced on both sides of the DM passbands, which improves the selectivity of dual differential passbands. Furthermore, to realize the desired external Q values for two DM passbands, hybrid feeding line structure including tapped and coupled-line feeding structures is used to produce the valid excitation for the differential BPF. At the same time, the open stubs are attached to the inside of the ring resonator to reduce the filter size. Finally, two dual-band differential BPFs with central frequencies of 3.5 GHz and 4.9 GHz are designed and fabricated for fifth generation of mobile communications (5G). The measured minimum CM suppression of the two DM passbands are 31.0 dB and 34.8 dB.


The events of Cologne represented a turning point in the debate about refugees in Germany. After the 'long summer of migration' and the much anticipated German Willkommenskultur, the reported sexual assaults in Cologne sparked a discussion about the dangers of 'political correctness', 'too liberal' immigration policies and, once again, 'Muslim patriarchy'. 'The terror of Cologne' prompted the political and media mainstream to defend the 'German value' of gender equality, after decades of political indifference towards sexual violence. However, instead of addressing the inadequate laws governing sexual offences, the debate focused on expelling those who were believed to endanger post-feminist Germany. Cologne illustrates the intersectional workings of racism and anti-feminism in a discursive climate where misogyny has allegedly been overcome and can only be traced in racialised Others. Whilst feminism is usually deemed extreme, ideological and religionlike (Hark and Villa, 2016), mainstream media outlets and politicians were very quick to declare what happened in Cologne an attack on German gender norms (Dietze, 2016). Calls to teach refugees about the 'European value' of gender and sexual equality became louder. The long overdue rape legislation was tightened and linked to immigration law with a conviction of sexual assault leading to deportation in addition to criminal sanctions. Whilst Cologne advanced post-feminist 'common-sense' narratives that view gender equality as integral to German society, anti-racist feminism was denounced as ideological, extreme and dangerous for the nation. We will argue that Cologne needs to be theorised within a broader frame of German racial and gender politics, and we will particularly explore the relationship between race-denial and anti-feminism.


The extent to which an individual labels her/himself as an athlete is strongly influenced by individuals within the athlete's social environment who give that athlete reinforcement. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between aggression with athletic identity on Shiraz team sports. The population of the study consisted of 600 Shiraz city team athletes. The 235 athletes were selected as a sample by Morghan table. Saatchi Aggression Scale (2010) and Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS; Brewer et al., 1993) were used. The results of Pearson correlation indicate that there was positive significant relationship between athletic identity with aggression on team sport athletes. There was positive significant relationship between athletic identity with anger, verbal aggression. Again, there was not significant relationship between athletic identity hostility. Regression analysis indicates aggression subscales predict athletic identity


Most of the rare earths in yttrium, gadolinium and lanthanum oxides emit characteristic fluorescent line spectra under irradiation with photons, electrons and x rays. The sensitivity and selectivity of the rare earth fluorescences are high enough to determine the trace amounts (0.01 to 100 ppM) of rare earths. The absolute fluorescent intensities of solids, however, are markedly affected by the synthesis procedure, level of contamination and crystal perfection, resulting in poor accuracy and low precision for the method (larger than 50 percent error). Special care in preparation of the samples is required to obtain good accuracy and precision. It is found that the accuracy and precision for the determination of trace (less than 10 ppM) rare earths by fluorescence analysis improved significantly, while still maintaining the sensitivity, when the determination is made by comparing the ratio of the fluorescent intensities of the trace rare earths to that of a deliberately added rare earth as reference. The variation in the absolute fluorescent intensity remains, but is compensated for by measuring the fluorescent line intensity ratio. Consequently, the determination of trace rare earths (with less than 3 percent error) is easily made by a photoluminescence technique in which the rare earths aremore » excited directly by photons. Accuracy is still maintained when the absolute fluorescent intensity is reduced by 50 percent through contamination by Ni, Fe, Mn or Pb (about 100 ppM). Determination accuracy is also improved for fluorescence analysis by electron excitation and x-ray excitation. For some rare earths, however, accuracy by these techniques is reduced because indirect excitation mechanisms are involved. The excitation mechanisms and the interferences between rare earths are also reported.« less


Beam-intensity monitoring in the Fermilab Neutrino Area requires sensitive and fast processing for beam signals (with four or five decade amplitude variations for a typcial detector) which are digitized with a current-to-frequency converter (IFC). The converter digitizes the input charge at a 1 pC/Hz rate with a processing limit at 10 MHz for a 10 nC charge input or a 10 ¿A current input. For a 1 ms beam pulse, the IFC can generate a 1 to 10,000 count output. The digitizer is two to three decades more sensitive than the fastest commercial V to F converters and the upper frequency limit is two or three decades higher than the present laboratory built IFC's. The resolution over the 0 to 50°C temperature range and the linearity from 1 Hz to 1 MHz is held to ± 1% with a linearity deviation of + 5% at 10 MHz.


This study aims to determine the relationship between the measurement and structural models of digital platform, financial literacy, motivation, and Generation Z's decision to invest in Islamic stocks. Furthermore, this study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis and involves more than two variables, with 123 respondents from West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, who actively invest in Islamic stocks, providing accurate information through multivariate analysis. The study found that digital platforms and motivation have a significant impact on Generation Z's decision to invest in Islamic stocks, while financial literacy has an insignificant effect. However, the analysis results indicated that financial literacy has indirectly motivated them to invest in these types of stocks through motivation. This suggests that digital platforms and motivation play a crucial role in investment decisions. Therefore, service providers need to continuously develop digital applications as transaction tools to cater to the needs of Generation Z. Additionally, improving financial literacy is crucial to increasing people's investment skills, even though it may not directly affect investment decisions.


In this paper, we used the time series method to forecasting population fluctuation of Bandicota indica, the main pest rodent in rice fields of Pearl River Delta, Guangdong province. Based on the data surveied in Liboshui district of Shiwan town, Boluo county,Guangdong province, from November of 1991 to December of 1993; we built a model by using triple exponential smoothing model combined with seasonal adjustment model,the smoothing constant was fixed as α=0. 02, to forecast the population density month by month of 1994 continuously, the rate of accuracy of force4sting was 81. 93%. Based on the data from November of 1991 to December of 1994, we forecasted the population density of 12 months of 1995 continuously, the rate of forecasting accuracy of two years was 86. 56%.


High-friction surface treatments (HFSTs) are effective at reducing crashes on horizontal curves; however, HFST effectiveness on other roadway sections (e.g., tangents, intersections, intersection approaches) is not well documented. The crash reduction effectiveness of HFSTs in Florida was assessed, and the benefit–cost (BC) ratios for these section types were calculated. The researchers identified 23 HFST projects in Florida and attempted to collect data for each project, including bidding records, roadway geometry, and crash statistics. The cost data were based on the average comprehensive HFST unit cost and scaled by the size of the application. The benefit was estimated on the basis of 5-year extrapolations of average total and wet weather crash reductions. Savings were estimated on the basis of Florida Department of Transportation KABCO severity distribution of the crashes and an average cost per crash. On average, HFST applications on tight curves reduced the total crash rate by 32% and the wet weather crash rate by 75%. The average BC ratio on tight curve sections was between 18 and 26, depending on the benefit calculation method. Wide curve and tangents sections had few accidents initially, and HFST had negligible impact. From a crash perspective, wide curve and tangent HFST applications are not cost-effective. The effectiveness of HFST on intersection and approach applications is still inconclusive. Half the sections had good BC ratios and the other sections had negative benefit (increased crash rates). When considering the application of HFST, the engineer should consider whether there is an existing crash problem and whether it is skid related.


Theuseofinternal resistive-capacitive MDAC in EA modulators requires a special dynamicelement matching (DEM)approach. Thispaperproposes twomodified versions of theDWA methodcapable toobtain veryhighlinearity witha large numberofquantization levels (16or32).Thebenefit of a4-5bitDAC enables verylowOSR andtheuseofasecond order modulator fortheconversion of8MHz bandwidth with10- 12bitofaccuracy andverylowpowerconsumption. Extensive behavioral simulations verify theeffectiveness oftheproposed methods withelement mismatches aslarge as1%. I.INTRODUCTION Thecommunication market evolves moreandmoretoward mobile solutions withanincreased useofdata converter whose signal bandwidth istypically several MHz,theresolutions is 10-12 bitwitharequired SFDRinthe70-80dBrange. Thesigma-delta (ELA) technique that wasusedforobtaining high-resolution, low-bandwidth analog-to-digital converters is


Various calorimetric methods of estimating epinephrine have been described by different workers using different chemical reagents such as potassium persulfate (I), mercuric chloride (2-4), potassium iodate (5), ammonium molybdate (6), diazobenzenesulfonic acid (7), and the ninhydrin test (8). None of the methods, however, is satisfactory for the estimation of epinephrine in blood. Some are not sufficiently sensitive, while with others it is either difficult to produce the color due to the presence of interfering substances or the color reaction is not specific. Barker and his associates (9) have investigated most of the color tests and have found that some of them are unreliable even for the qualitative estimation of epinephrine. They have estimated epinephrine with Folin's reagent (10) and also with potassium persulfate and have observed that, although the former is 10 times more sensitive and gives better results with pure epinephrine, it is not sufficiently specific. The persulfate test, on the other hand, was specific and gave satisfactory results when applied to biological materials when conditions such as temperature and pH were controlled. We have confirmed the specificity of the persulfate test for epinephrine. However, this test is less sensitive. , Hence, it is not possible to determine low concentrations of epinephrine in blood. Further, the color is not easily developed, owing possibly to the presence of reducing substance like ascorbic acid which reduces the persulfate. The epinephrine content of adrenal glands has been determined with Folin's reagent by several workers (11-14). Both epinephrine and ascorbic acid give a blue color with Folin's reagent, and Rees (13) and Banerjee (14) have estimated the epinephrine content of adrenal glands by subtracting the blue value for ascorbic acid from the total blue value of the trichloroacetic acid extract of the gland. This process is, however, more or less suitable only when epinephrine concentration is either high or low as compared with the ascorbic acid content of the gland and when other interfering substances like glutathione, cysteine, uric acid, and ergothionine, which also give a blue color with Folin's reagent, are known to be either absent or present in low concentrations. Using a Lumetron photoelectric calorimeter, we have observed that when a dilute solution of


To determine the effect of work discipline and work environment on employee performance PT. Bank BCA KCP Citra Towers Kemayoran. This research is included in the category of causal associative research using a quantitative approach. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Bank BCA KCP Citra Towers Kemayoran, amounting to 30 people. The sample uses a saturated sampling technique, all members of the population are sampled, because the relative number is small, while the data analysis method uses partially and simultaneous linear regression. The results showed that partially or simultaneous work discipline and work environment had a positive and significant effect on the performance of the employees of PT. Bank BCA KCP Citra Towers Kemayoran.


Song-ci expressed the literati's real and overall cultural seeking ,which included the private emotions , rational thinkings on the human life and the aesthetic and rational pursueing on the life. This was not only the expression of the time spirit,but also the representative of the new developing direction of the traditional culture.


The paper revisits recent counterintuitive results on divergence of heat conduction coefficient in two-dimensional lattices. It was reported that in certain lattices with on-site potential, for which one-dimensional chain has convergent conductivity, for the 2D case it turns out to diverge. We demonstrate that this conclusion is an artifact caused by insufficient size of the simulated system. To overcome computational restrictions, a ribbon of relatively small width is simulated instead of the square specimen. It is further demonstrated that the heat conduction coefficient in the "long" direction of the ribbon ceases to depend on the width, as the latter achieves only 10 to 20 interparticle distances. So, one can consider the dynamics of much longer systems, than in the traditional setting, and still can gain a reliable information regarding the 2D lattice. It turns out that for all considered models, for which the conductivity is convergent in the 1D case, it is indeed convergent in the 2D case. In the same time, however, the length of the system, necessary to reveal the convergence in the 2D case, may be much bigger than in its 1D counterpart. Introduction. – Heat conductivity in onedimensional (1D) lattices is a well-known classical problem related to the microscopic foundation of Fourier's law. The problem has been first posed in famous work of Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam (FPU) [1], where a lack of thermalisation in weakly nonlinear atomic chain has been observed in the first time. Large number of works has been devoted to this problem, see e.g. the reports [2–4]. Modelling of heat conductivity in high-dimensional lattices (2D or 3D) requires significant computational resources. Due to this fact many problems remain unsolved. The first works on modelling of heat transport in 2D lattices [5,6] a priori suggested finite heat conductivity. One of the first papers to study system size dependence was probably that by Jackson and Mistriotis [7]. If the heat conductivity of one-dimensional lattice diverges, one may expect a divergence in a corresponding 2D lattice. Modelling of heat transport in 2D scalar Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice [8] shows that the heat conductivity, like in 1D lattice, diverges as a power law of the distance: κ ∼ L. Other studies [9–11] reveal logarithmic divergence of the heat conduction coefficient in the 2D case, when in the 1D counterpart it diverges according to the power law. One could intuitively expect, that if in the 1D chain the heat conductivity converges, in the 2D counterpart it will be definitely convergent. This idea was questioned in works [12, 13]; there the author concluded that the 2D models demonstrate logarithmic divergence even for convergent 1D version. In report [4] it was suggested that these conclusions might be caused by the insufficient system size. We demonstrate in this paper for a set of typical models, that this latter suggestion is correct, at least as 2D scalar models are considered. Still, there is a significant difference between the 1D and 2D cases. In the 2D lattice the convergence of the conductivity occurs on significantly longer system sizes than in 1D lattices. Possible reason is that in the 1D lattices phonon scattering on localized nonlinear excitations ensures the convergence of heat conductivity. In two dimensions the phonons obtain an ability to bypass such sites, so in 2D lattices the intensity of scattering occurrences decreases relatively to the 1D counterparts. For this analysis we choose the systems with on-site potential similar to used in [12, 13], for which the convergence in 1D case is more or less firmly established. Such finite conductivity was observed, for instance, in the sinhGordon [14] chain and in 1D Frenkel-Kontorova lattice


Electronic Systems Reliability Analysis is based on Failure Rates (FR), which is mostly predicted using physics of failures techniques. In fact, we assume that the "electronic design" is near to perfect, and that the FR is based only on the physical materials. However, based on field failures analysis, we have found that many failures actually occur due in large part to a poor design, and that this poor design is mostly caused by common mistakes. In this article, a new method will be introduced, which will provide guidelines to understanding the root cause of common design mistakes and eliminating them. These common design mistakes will then be transformed into a set of rules that we call a "rule check," which will ensure that these very same mistakes will be detected and eliminated in new designs. Thousands of electronic board failures were collected for the duration of one year. The data was analyzed statistically, and for the 100 most important failures a root cause analysis was performed. It was found that 50 out of the 100 mistakes occurred due to errors in the design and these errors were based on common mistakes. To avoid these mistakes from reoccurring, a dictionary of rules was created which we call "Good Design Reliability Practice" (GDRP). The statistics show that the field failures are categorized as: - 25% are overstressed components and need to be up rated, - 35% are mistakes which increase the power dissipation and if we correct the mistake the power will be reduced, - 10% are mistakes which looks as if they are software failures but actually are hardware failures. - 30% are pure GDRP mistakes, such as pull-up /pull-down resistors, technology match, resistance/ capacitance values, power supply match etc. As of today we have successfully collected over 200 design rules, which have been grouped into five categories. These rules are used in the scanning of new designs, and significantly help eliminate the mistakes from reoccurring. Doing so dramatically increases the product's reliability (power dissipation and stress will be reduced) and robustness (design will be free from design errors). The innovation of the method is that by analyzing field failure data analysis we can setup rules which are checked in new designs.


This paper is an examination of collaborations between human musicians and non-humans in relation to sound recording. It draws on three different examples: Harmony, by Dan Gibson's Solitudes (the first in a series of recordings incorporating nature sounds and music); Paul Horn's 'Haidda' and Jim Nollman's Playing Music With Animals. There are key differences between the projects in terms of their production, the actors involved and the implied relations between humans and non-humans, which allow us to consider aspects of such collaborations. However, all may be confronted by the question of whether such projects are indeed true collaborations with non-human actors or whether the latter are simply appropriated as part of musical practice, as well as by the question of the extent to which such collaboration can be captured by sound recording.


An X-ray crystallographic study has shown that in the title compound the second ferrocenyl group is exo- and is aligned as indicated in Figure 1 (a). It is confirmed that deformation of the molecular structure is necessary to accommodate the two endo-methyl groups. The unit cell of the crystals is orthorhombic with a= 14·719 ± 0·007, b= 24·630 ± 0·112, c= 11·354 ± 0·005 A, space group Pbca, Z= 8. The structure was solved by direct methods from diffractometer data, and refined to R 0·117 for the 4075 observed structure factors. Mean Fe–C is 2·045 A.


The type and relative rate of geomorphic process activity on residual hillslopes in the White River Badlands of South Dakota were found to vary as a function of aspect-induced differences in topoclimate. Drainage densities on north-facing slopes several orders of magnitude greater than those on slopes facing south indicate that north-facing slopes experience greater fluvial erosion. Comparative analysis of mass movement features suggests that north-facing slopes are prone to relatively high-magnitude, low-frequency failures, whereas south-facing slopes experience far more frequent but much smaller movements.

Variations in process activity can be explained in large part by aspect-induced differences in moisture regime. Field monitoring of moisture conditions indicates that north-facing slopes maintain higher and less variable moisture levels. South-facing slopes are not only drier in- general but are subject to more frequent and intense episodes of wetting and drying. Differences in moisture conditions promote differences in weathering activity as evidenced by thicknesses of slope regoliths. Higher moisture levels on north-facing slopes lead to more rapid dissolution of binding cements and consequently, thicker regolith covers. On south-facing slopes, however, regolith covers are virtually non-existent due to both drier conditions and episodic desiccation, which triggers small rockfalls. Greater fluvial erosion on north-facing slopes is a consequence of higher antecedent moisture levels, which retard infiltration. Further, the unconsolidated regolith cover is more erodible than the relatively unweathered materials exposed on the surfaces of south-facing slopes. Resistance to slumps and mudflows is lower on north-facing slopes because the weathered regolith is less cohesive than the unweathered parent material and also because the regoliths are periodically saturated.


Step of the present invention is three as nitrogen trifluoride according to the production method, 1) in a first electrolytic bath electrolytic hydrofluoric acid (HF) generated fluorine (F 2) to obtain the fluorine (F 3) generate hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonia (NH 4) generating a second acidic ammonium fluoride (AAF-2) to be delivered to nitrogen trifluoride (NF And 5) is characterized in that by adding the nitrogen trifluoride (NF NF NF A method of producing.


There are about 10 million visually impaired people in China nowadays. They desiderate help from the community. This paper discusses some key technologies to implement accessible information services and systems for visually impaired people. Shanghai hold 2010 World Expo. This is a good opportunity to show modern Chinese civilization to the world. Information accessibility is very important, indicating civilized level for a country. This paper gives some useful advices from technical points


In this paper, Sudan climate and geographic features have been covered. Then a soil survey for Sudan soil types has been carried out. The locations of soil samples have been chosen in accordance with the Climatic Zones Classifications for Sudan. Two basic tests conducted comprising: Grain Size Distribution and Atterberg Limits on each sample. And accordingly the soil classification has been determined for each sample. The soil type of each climate zone has been determined.


Acrolein aldehyde hydrogenation over Ir supported catalysts (SiO2 and TiO2) was studied, for unsaturated alcohol obtention (allyl alcohol). Catalysts charact...


This paper presents information and raises questions about some amazing structural and functional similarities between human chromosomes and two electrical transformers, the conventional transformer and the Tesla coil. In its tightly coiled and highly repetitive segments of DNA, known as heterochromatin, chromosomes are similar to the conventional transformer. In its loosely coiled segments of DNA, known as euchromatin, chromosomes are similar to a Tesla coil transformer. Some of the defects observed in conventional transformers, including gaps, breaks, and fusions, are similar to events that occur in heterochromatin-rich regions of the chromosomes. Some of the effects that occur in a Tesla coil transformer, including wireless transportation of power and signals, are similar to events which are well expressed and clearly visible in the chromosome regions rich in heterochromatin. The questions are: Are these similarities coincidental or real? Is it possible for chromosomes to operate with energy (or power) like electrical transformers? Are the heterochromatin areas really critical and responsible for formation of gaps, breaks, fusion and other types of chromosomal abnormalities? If the answers to these questions are positive, then chromosomes should be described not only as vehicles for carrying genes and inheritance but also as transformers operating with energy. Furthermore, if true, it will change one of the oldest and main principles in cytogenetics, specifically that the heterochromatin is not important in formation of genetically based diseases and syndromes. We hypothesize that if rich in heterochromatin areas affect the transmission of energy within chromosomes causing disturbances, then these disturbances might cause gaps, breaks, fusion and other kind of damaging of the DNA molecules, and these damages could be a main mechanism in the formation of chromosome abnormalities and various cancers, infertility, pregnancy loss, and syndromes (e.g. Down and Turner syndromes) with chromosomal etiologies.


The paper introduced different desulfurization technique of coal fired boilers and analyses its advantage and disadvantage and applicability, also gave guide suggestion for adoption.


Abstract On utilizing the kinetic model for transverse permittivity in a weakly magnetized electron plasma, the two particular phenomena of wave-particle interaction i.e., anomalous skin depth and energy transfer are examined in circularly polarized R- and L-waves within relativistic Fermi–Dirac distributed plasmas. Further, the non-trivial influential roles by some salient parameters i.e., relativistic thermal T m 0 c 2 > 0 $\left(\frac{T}{{m}_{0}{c}^{2}} > 0\right)$ , γ (from bulk flow such that γ > 1), degeneracy (due to μ T $\frac{\mu }{T}$ ) and weak ambient magnetic field (B 0), on above mentioned wave phenomena, are also analyzed. The derived results, in the form of polylog function, delineate the inverse relation between spatial damping and energy flux transportation regarding the variation in above mentioned dominant parameters. It is noticed that the relativistic thermal parameter serve as a penetration depth elevator for R- and L-waves and so they transfer energy slowly, whereas the degeneracy and relativistic γ parameters submerse the depth and cause upraise in energy transfer. Moreover, the increase in weak ambient magnetic field reduces the penetration depth of R-wave that delivers its energy rapidly, whereas it enlarges the penetration depth of L-wave which causes slow delivery of its energy. The results discussed (both analytically and graphically) are justifiably confirmed with previous illustrative reports. Applicability of the analysis relevant in partially degenerate regions both in space (e.g., in white dwarfs and young brown dwarf) and laboratory (e.g., in laser plasma interaction, liquid metals, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and Fermi gas of metals) plasmas.


As aging occurs, the respiratory system undergoes a measurable decline in physiological functions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of walking exercise and incentive spirometry in controlling age related respiratory muscles function changes in elderly. Forty elderly subjects of both sexes their age ranged from 65 to 74 years and included into two equal groups; group (A) received walking exercise and incentive spirometery three times a week for 3 months, where group (B) received no physical therapy intervention. The mean values of VC, FEV1, MVV, PImax, PEmax and PEND were significantly increase in group (A), while changes in group (B) were not significant. Also; there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Application of breathing exercise with an incentive spirometer in addition to walking exercise can control age related respiratory muscles function changes in elderly.


Based on the journal in his four years' teaching work,the author makes an action research of student responses in English classes and discusses how to treat individual differences of the students.This paper is attempted to help teachers to get a better under- standing of the teacher development process.


Fine Neolithic ceramics from Greece are widely interpreted in terms of ceremonial eating and drinking, while the spatial organisation of settlement suggests that such commensality played a significant role in shaping social relationships. Faunal evidence implies consumption of many domestic animals inlarge-scale commensality and supports the view that this promoted competition as well as solidarity. This paper explores the ecological context of such 'fighting with food'. Feasting, and ceremonial consumption of livestock, was enabled by and helped to reinforce domestic strategies of surplus production and labour mobilisation that were driven as much by 'economic' as 'political' imperatives.


Gracanica Municipality has a number of environmental issues caused by the unsustainable practices and is in need for more sustainable ways to achieve the full potential of economic development. Being rich in surface and ground waters, and having a suitable geographic location, this municipality has a great potential for development. The alternative solutions for the Gracanica Municipality are wastewater treatment and effluent water use, grey water system installation and rainwater harvesting option. These alternatives aim to use the adequate technology to protect public health and environment, meet the demand for water and establish the grounds for gradual improvement of current state of water management in this municipality.


Objective Our purpose in this study is to investigate genes involved in the development of diabetes-induced embryonic malformations. Methods Two groups of 70-90 day old Sprague-Dawley rats were employed in our study: group 1 was normal control rats receiving a normal diet (n=3); group 2 consisted of experimentally-induced diabetic rats by intravenous injection of 65mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) on pregnancy day 6 with an attempt to reproduce malformations in embryos (n=3). Embryos were examined on day 12 under light microscopy to look for morphological defect of the neural tube (NTD). Yolk sac cells were harvested from each group and RNA was isolated. Genes expression profiles in yolk sac cells were analyzed using a DNA microarray technique. Results Gene expression patterns were compared in a total of 1200 genes between experimentally-induced diabetic rats and normal control rats, and 79 of genes were found to express differently between the two groups. Forty-two of genes were up-regulated in yolk sac cells of diabetic rats, such as apoptosis related genes BAX, bcl-2, heat shock 70kD protein and glucose-transporter 3; 37 of genes were down-regulated, such as phospholipase A2, insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ receptor. Conclusion Understanding of differently expressed genes should help us disclose the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental process during diabetes-associated embryonic morphogenesis, and it also might provide a useful tool in rapid diagnosis and prevention of malformation in early gestation stage of diabetic subjects.


We report the case of a 71-year-old man, without any previous history of cardiovascular disease, who was derived to our echocardiography laboratory because of a six-month period of dyspnoea.
 In the echocardiographic examination, various pleural masses which depended from the left visceral pleura were found, surrounded by, what it seemed, an abnormally located severe anterior pleural effusion, which caused left lung atelectasis (jellyfish sign, complete atelectasis of a lung lobe which floats above a massive pleural effusion) with a less important pericardial effusion (Figure 1). After the echocardiographic findings, a total body Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) scan and a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) were performed, confirming various left pleural implants and a severe left pleural effusion causing a big left lung atelectasis with widespread cervical, thoracic and abdominopelvic adenophaties, suggestive of advanced lymphoma. The cytological exam of the pleural liquid obtained by the thoracentesis procedure, showed a monotonous population of predominantly medium size cells with signs of nuclear indentation compatible with a pleural affection by a germinal center follicular lymphoma.
 Pleural effusion is a common complication of lymphomas (20-30%) and is considered as one of the factors adversely influencing overall survival, as in most of the cases, serous cavity involvement is part of a disseminated disease process. The thoracic duct obstruction and impaired lymphatic drainage appear to be the primary mechanism for pathogenesis of pleural effusion in Hodgkin´s disease and direct pleural infiltration is the predominant cause in non-Hodgkin´s lymphoma. Because the descending thoracic aorta is interposed between the pericardium anteriorly and the pleura posteriorly, echocardiography may be a useful landmark in the differentiation of posterior effusions. However, sometimes due to the abnormal position of the effusion, it might be difficult to differentiate between pericardial and pleural effusions, with the need, as in our case, to perform a multi-modality imaging study with a CAT and PET scan, followed by a cytological exam, to confirm the diagnosis and to guide the posterior treatment. Finally, we would like to underline the importance of familiarizing ourselves on the basics of pulmonary echocardiography, as these findings are frequent during the performance of echocardiography in our daily practice.
 Abstract P1735 Figure. Jellyfish sign in pleural effusion


This paper compares CFD simulations of the 'end of the vortex' (EoV) behaviour in centrifugal separators with experiment. The EoV was studied in 'swirl tubes', cylindrical cyclone separators with swirl vanes. We refer to the EoV as the phenomenon whereby the core of the vortex does not reach the bottom of the separator, but deviates from the swirl tube axis and attaches to the wall, where it rotates at some level above the bottom. The crucial parameters governing the EoV are geometrical, specifically the ratio of the separator length to its diameter (L/D), and operational, specifically the fluid flowrate. Swirl tubes with varying body lengths have been studied experimentally and numerically. CFD simulations were carried out using the commercial package Star‐CD. The 3‐D Navier‐Stokes equations were solved using the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE pressure‐correction algorithm and the LES turbulence model. The vortex behaviour was very similar between the experiments and the numerical simulations, ...


In this paper, the extract of Citrus aurantium (CA) was used as a green approach for the preparation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The green Fe3O4 (Fe3O4/CA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The synthesized Fe3O4/CA was used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. A four-factor central composite design (CCD), combined with response surface modeling (RSM), was used to maximize the MB dye removal. The four independent variables, which were initial dye concentration (10–50 mg/L), solution pH (3–9), adsorbent dose (ranging from 200–1000 mg/L), and contact time (30–90 min), were used as inputs to the model of the perecentage dye removal. The results yielded by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values of the MB dye removal were in agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Optimized conditions for the maximum MB dye removal (93.14%) by Fe3O4/CA were the initial dye concentration (10.02 mg/L), pH (8.98), adsorbent mass (997.99 mg/L), and contact time (43.71 min). The validity of the quadratic model was examined, and good agreement was found between the experimental and predicted values. Our findings demonstrated that green Fe3O4NPs is a good adsorbent for MB removal.


In the near future, a new H injector, Linac4, will replace the current proton-injector of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), Linac2. The new charge-exchange injection at 160 MeV will yield higher brightness beams compared to the conventional 50 MeV multi-turn injection of Linac2. To make full use of the higher injection energy, space-charge effects will need to be understood and mitigated to optimize the intensity versus transverse emittance reach. This includes an optimization of longitudinal acceptance and distribution with a two-harmonic rf system, careful selection of the working point to accommodate the large Laslett tune-shift of -0.5 and compensation of resonances within their stopbands. This paper will present calculations of the tune spread, based on measurements of longitudinal parameters and transverse emittances, for energies up to 160 MeV, different bunch densities and varying beam intensities. This should provide valuable information on the expected tune spread after the connection of Linac4 with the PSB and input for the study of resonance compensation techniques.


Ebstein anomaly accounts for <1% of all congenital heart defects (CHDs), with a prevalence of ~1 per 200,000 live births. In 1866, Wilhelm Ebstein described "A very rare case of insufficiency of the tricuspid valve, caused by a severe congenital malformation".


An extension of capitalism's relentless growth, neoliberal globalization has characterized most of the policies and practices that have proliferated between nation-states since the late 1970's, producing a "flatter" world in which spheres of influence, both economically and politically, have become inextricably interdependent. Some prominent results of this interdependence include consolidation of wealth, extreme socioeconomic stratification, greater influence of money upon politics, and deepening ideological divide within the populace. Increased sharing of the roles and responsibilities of governing with the private sector, along with increased access to information and exposure to systemic nepotism, have together undermined the sovereignty and preeminence of nation states as the most relevant governmental institutions. As nations have lost relevance and, as a result, legitimacy to their constituents, cities have picked up the slack, making great gains in effective models of interdependence via decentralization, becoming major loci for capital exchange, and increased approval ratings as "laboratories for democracy." Through a focused literature review of legitimacy, decentralization and participatory governance, as well as a comparative case study of two cities with differing political cultures, both globally-recognized for their progressive governance programs, this thesis seeks to examine the ways by which cities may effectively and sustainably cultivate increased legitimacy through participatory programming. Drawing upon emerging literature and original surveys I suggest that those participatory programs of the past have been hampered by the neoliberal, business-model approach of "governance" itself, and have not delivered the results necessary to cultivate sustained perceptions of local government legitimacy.


This paper presents for the first time a detailed experimental investigation of gate current limitation effects on power GaAs FETs RF performances. This gate current limitation is entirely accomplished by dynamic compensation of the gate bias voltage. Effects of this current limitation on power added efficiency and output power performance have been examined through an extensive experimental investigation over the entire Smith chart. Comprehensive results are given and allow to determine the optimal resistor value needed for the gate current limitation. The thermal runaway problem is also taken into consideration when selecting the gate resistor.<<ETX>>


This article is concerned with the robust ℋ∞ filtering problem for a class of time-varying nonlinear stochastic systems with error variance constraint. The stochastic nonlinearities considered are quite general, which contain several well-studied stochastic nonlinear systems as special cases. The purpose of the filtering problem is to design a filter which is capable of achieving the pre-specified ℋ∞ performance and meanwhile guaranteeing a minimised upper-bounded on the filtering error variance. By means of the adjoint system method, a necessary and sufficient condition for satisfying the ℋ∞ constraint is first given, expressed as a forward Riccati-like difference equation. Then an upper-bound on the variance of filtering error system is given, guaranteeing the error variance is not more than a certain value at each sampling instant. The existence condition for the desired filter is established, in terms of the feasibility of a set of difference Riccati-like equations, which can be solved forward in time, hence is suitable for online computation. A numerical example is presented finally to show the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.


Ethyl-Lophine, 1-ethyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole, C23H20N2, was synthesized as a precursor for large organic cations in ionic liquids using an improved microwave-assisted method. The title compound and a precursor compound were characterized by NMR, IR, and DSC thermal measurements, as well as elemental analyses. The crystal structure of ethyl-lophine was determined by singlecrystal X-ray structure analysis (triclinic, P1̄, a = 10:1137(3), b = 12:4935(4), c = 14:6351(4) Å , α = 98:182(2)°, β = 90:694(2)°, γ = 102:666(2)°, Z = 4, wR2 = 0:1030 for 611 refined parameters). Graphical Abstract Synthesis and Structure of 1-Ethyl-2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole (Ethyl-Lophine)


1. The control display positioning system for use with a medical / surgical system, said control display positioning system comprises! mount display control configured to control display tilting about a substantially horizontal axis; ! fastening said control display, connectable to the display node vertical hinge, rotatable about a substantially vertical axis; ! said display hinge assembly attachable to the distal end of the first arm; ! cranked hinge assembly rotatable about a substantially vertical axis; ! said cranked hinge assembly attachable to the proximal end of said first arm and at the distal end of the second arm; ! base hinge assembly rotatable about a substantially vertical axis; ! said base hinge assembly attachable to the proximal end of said second arm; ! wherein said display hinge assembly, said crank assembly and said hinge base hinge unit includes! space adapted to bundle cables passing therethrough, and a set of washers to provide a frictional force at each hinge assembly, sufficient to permit each node to maintain its hinge position. ! 2. The control display positioning system according to claim 1, wherein said control display mount includes tilt approximately +/- 20 ° from the vertical plane. ! 3. The control display positioning system according to claim 1, wherein mention


The purpose of this study was to describe the impact of clinical ethics consultations among patients with head and neck cancer in order to better anticipate and manage clinical challenges.


The damaging effects of monoculture threaten the sustainability of our world. Genetic engineering, or biotechnology, gravely endangers the future integrity of genes with possible unforeseen mutations. For example, Monsanto has created a terminator technology that will not allow farmers to reproduce their own plants from secondary seeds. This minimizes the diversity of plant crop varieties by which farmers have relied upon for centuries. Biotechnology may thereby cause irreparable damage to the sustainability of the world's food supply. Although all biotechnology is not wrongful, most genetically engineered crops are potentially so dangerous that even insurance companies will not cover farmers that use them. Furthermore, the introduction of patent clone seeds will undermine the ability of rural farmers to compete for survival by raising prices on conventional seeds. This corners decision making into acceptance of the same crop cultivation. Environmental effects are devastating as more pesticides and herbicides are used for these plants, and resistant pests may abound. In addition, exponential population growth in cities presents the problem of land availability. The trick is to make the maximum use of space while balancing the environment. The beauty of intercropping is that many types exist so that specialization for different climates and terrain may be applied to a particular region. Research shows successful results with intercropping. Organic farmers often have superior net cash returns, making it a feasible option for mass production. Finally, environmental engineers need to know their roles in sustainable development. There are many resources that university professors can use to teach students and/ or prospective students in engineering about agriculture including textbooks and ASEE's website. Sustainable development is a hot topic in many engineering programs and intercropping is one component of it that should not be overlooked. P ge 9.144.1 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society for Engineering Education Introduction With more than 800 million people starving to death , a revolution in agricultural practices is needed to secure food production with sustainability and preservation of the environment. Current applications of biotechnology gravely endanger the future integrity of genes with possible unforeseen mutations. Investments in new technologies are much needed to confront these problems. An alternative to the damaging effects of monoculture is intercropping. A number of solutions can be implemented in order to combine different areas of interest for a common goal. Engineering advances, through the use of even the most basic formulas, may brighten our socioecological future with a confident sense of economics. It is highly important that current engineering students are introduced to the methods of agricultural and biological engineering that are described in this paper. The world's population grows rapidly while its resources deplete just as quickly. If engineering students are introduced to innovative methods of agricultural and biological engineering early on, some may decide to pursue a career in these fields. These students should be exposed to creative methods of sustainability that reverse the current effects of monoculture. It is especially critical that environmental engineering students be introduced to intercropping as they may very well be called upon to deal with such issues in sustainable development. This paper will review ways to integrate intercropping for sustainable development into an engineering curriculum. It will also cover the various components of this topic. Additionally, it will explore solutions to inspire creative development in future engineers. Integrating intercropping into engineering curriculum Before the various components of intercropping for sustainable development are discussed, it is important to understand when and how it is appropriate for the topic to be integrated into the engineering curriculum. The extreme relevance and importance of this topic was first brought to the attention of faculty at Middle Tennessee State University last year during an upper level course called Pollution Control Technology. This course is required for students majoring in Environmental Science and Technology, which is an interdisciplinary major in which students are required to take classes from a variety of disciplines, including biology and chemistry. Last year one student gave a presentation on intercropping techniques for sustainable development during the last two weeks of the course that are reserved for special topics. The class got into a heated discussion about the importance of the topic and many of the students as well as the professor felt that it was something that should be included in the curriculum. As a result, it was decided that intercropping techniques for sustainable development should become a permanent part of the syllabus of Pollution Control Technology that would be addressed in the special topics section of the class. This topic being of such great interest to the students in this class combined with the grave importance of the topic led to the consensus that freshman students majoring in P ge 9.144.2 Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2004, American Society for Engineering Education Environmental Science and Technology from this year forward would be introduced to intercropping techniques for sustainable development in their Introduction to Environmental Science and Technology class. Additionally, the topic is being addressed in the students' two required one hour seminar classes. Finally, by covering the subject of intercropping in Pollution Control Technology, students majoring in Engineering and Engineering Technology are exposed to it as well.


Invasive alien organisms pose a serious threat to the biodiversity and functioning of many marine and terrestrial environments in the world. British ecologist Charles Elton realised this and wrote about it more than 50 years ago in a classic book entitled The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants. What has happened since Elton's 1958 milestone contribution? How has the field developed and what are the major advances and challenges faced by the broad discipline of invasion ecology? To answer these and other questions, the Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB) at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, hosted a symposium in November 2008 which was attended by 137 delegates from at least 14 countries. This book is one of the main products of the symposium.


The High Flux Reactor (HFR) at Petten is managed by the Institute for Energy and Transport (IET) of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and operated by the Nuclear Research and consultancy Group (NRG) which is also the licence holder and responsible for its commercial activities. The High Flux Reactor (HFR) operates at 45 MW and is of the tank-in-pool type, light water cooled and moderated. It is one of the most powerful multi-purpose materials testing reactors in the world and one of the world's leaders in target irradiation for the production of medical radioisotopes. As the Commission's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new standards, methods and tools, and sharing and transferring its know-how to the Member States and international community. Key policy areas include: environment and climate change; energy and transport; agriculture and food security; health and consumer protection; information society and digital agenda; safety and security including nuclear; all supported through a cross-cutting and multi-disciplinary approach. L D -N A -2 5 -9 6 6 -E N -N


Purpose: Quantification of angiogenesis is a major clinical challenge for the characterization of tumor aggressiveness and evaluation of response to anti-angiogenic therapy. The avb3 integrin expressed by the tumor neovasculature is a preferred target that can be achieved with contrast agents vectored by the RDG motif. A new iron oxide nanoparticle based USPIO (P04000) is evaluated in terms of specificity and capacity to monitor antiangiogenic treatment in a brain tumor model in mice.


In order to practically apply induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to regenerative medicine, a large amount of undifferentiated iPS cells should be produced by using an automated/scaled-up suspension culture system. However, in large-scale culture, oxygen supply to iPS cells away from the gas-liquid interface can be insufficient. In this numerical study, the oxygen supply performance is quantitatively evaluated by estimating the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen in the suspension culture of iPS cells. And, focusing on shaking culture, where shear stress that causes death or differentiation of iPS cells is relatively reduced, we compare two different shaking methods: one direction rotation (ODR) and periodic alternate rotation (PAR). The validity of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient calculation is confirmed by comparison with the experiment. The PAR method is superior to the ODR method in terms of oxygen supply because of higher turbulence intensities, but it is much less energy efficient than the ODR method. In the ODR method, the cell size is thought to be non-uniform since iPS cells are aggregated due to cell sedimentation. On the other hand, in the PAR method, cell sedimentation is suppressed by controlling the Froude number (Fr).


The invention relates to an arrangement for the illumination of the solar cell, comprising at least one mirror with at least one predetermined surface geometry, and at least one solar cell, wherein the primary radiation impinging on at least one mirror, and is distributed by surface geometries on at least one mirror selectively and homogeneously on the solar cells.


The invention relates to a bamboo fiber true silk pajama and a manufacturing method thereof. A pajama fabric is prepared by weaving 40 to 80 weight percent of bamboo fiber yarn serving as wefts and 20 to 60 weight percent of true silk serving as warps by a satin weaving process. The true silk is arranged on the surface layer of the pajama fabric, and the bamboo fiber yarn is arranged on the inner layer of the pajama fabric. Compared with a true silk pajama, the bamboo fiber true silk pajama has lower production cost and is more comfortable to wear; and compared with a bamboo fiber pajama, the bamboo fiber true silk pajama has better handfeel and more high-grade quality.


Four species of Bipolaris and six of Curvularia are described and illnstrated. Fungi were collected from green lea\'es and leaf Iilier of Quercus germana, Q. xalapensis and Liquidambar macrophyl/a from a cloud forest of the State of Veracruz. Mexico. Taxonomic keys are presented, and aspects of their taxonomy. distribution and ph)10pathologieal importance are included


It is argued here that in transitional economies industrial growth depends not so much on the size of the agricultural surplus but rather on the rates of productivity growth and population growth in agriculture via their effects on the size of the home market for manufactures. In developing this argument estimates of the agricultural surplus and inter‐sectoral market shares in post‐restoration Japan and post‐independence India are compared. A typology of agrarian systems is then suggested based on how alternative systems influence productivity and population trends in agriculture. The typology is illustrated with historical comparisons from Europe, Japan and India.


Abstract : This thesis is the result of a study of the formal financial accounting systems at six Naval stations. The study was also used to identify the use of the formal and informal financial systems maintained by financial managers at the Naval Stations and the purpose for those systems. The thesis provides an overview of the Navy's formal system of accounting, which is the Resource Management System. The Uniform Management Reports and Resource Management System reports are also overviewed. The study provides insight into how the stations use the Resource Management System and the Uniform Management Reports and compares this to financial information reported up the chain of command. Memorandum records are analyzed in light of the formal accounting system's ability to meet the user's needs for information. Why the current formal system of accounting does not meet the needs of the users is discussed. It is concluded that there is a general lack of knowledge of the content and purpose of official reports. (Author)


Currently, the character of many households located in rural areas is closer to that of suburban households. The change in the characters of households located in rural areas results in changes in the size and irregularity of water demand, which should translate into a new approach at the stage of water supply systems designing. Therefore, in order to supplement the state of knowledge in this study area, this paper presents the results of the research on the structure of hourly water consumption in two households located in rural areas; the first household had a suburban character, whereas the second one was a typical rural household. The results showed differences in the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption in the analyzed households. Except on weekends, the average hourly water consumption in rural household (RH) was higher than in suburban household (SH). In contrast, in the rural household, the distribution of hourly water consumption on all days of the week was very similar and the peak water consumption was clearly marking in the morning and in the evening. In the case of the suburban household, a tendency of increased water consumption in the evening was observed, but without clearly noticeable peak water consumption. Moreover, the structure of hourly water consumption in suburban household on Saturday and Sunday was different than on weekdays. The analyzed households were characterized by the highest share of hourly water consumption up to 20.0 dm 3 ·h -1 . In the rural household, both the amount and the distribution of hourly water consumption were determined by water use for additional purposes. In the case of the suburban household, it was shaped by the living needs of the inhabitants.

http://www.jeeng.net/pdf-151926-77126?filename=Research on the Hourly.pdf


For eight years (1978 85) the Marine Archaeoy< logy Unit of Environment Canada was involved in the excavation of Spanish Basque whaling vessels in Labrador. During excavation, one of the galleons was completely disassembled. Upon completion of excavation and structural recording, the timbers were systematically reburied on the seabed using a method intended to preserve the timbers. Provision has been made to ensure ongoing monitoring of tiqber degradation. dure, the procedure and the results to date are discussed. The rationale behind the proce-


The use of appropriate, evidence based procedures for identifying students for inclusion in or movement between various tiers of instruction is critical to the effectiveness of Response to Intervention (RTI) instructional models. Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) has become the prevalent approach to monitor student response to instruction. In the introduction to this thematic issue, a rationale for aligning each article with the linchpins of assessing, instructing, and monitoring CBMs in reading and writing within an RTI framework is presented. The authors focus on refining current measures and developing new ones to help identify and plan instruction for at-risk readers and writers.


Steady state simulation and dynamic simulation were performed to analyze the effect of operation conditions of each indoor unit of a multi-type air conditioning system. Lumped parameter model and fully distributed model were applied to simulate the steady state and transient responses of the system considering the dynamic natures of each component. Since the main purpose is to analyze the effect of one indoor unit on the other unit, numerical simulations were carried out for the variations of secondary fluid inlet temperature, mass flow rate and expansion valve opening. The results showed that the inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the secondary fluid of one indoor unit had minor effect on the operation of the other unit. However, the opening of the expansion valve had significant effect on the performance of the other unit.


This paper studied the extraction of cadmium from phosphoric acid by phosphoorganic solvents such as TBP, D 2 EHPA and TOPO in kerosene. TOPO was found to give the best extraction results. The extraction was enhanced by the presence of Cl - in the solution. The temperature had a slight negative effect on this extraction. The extraction increased by increasing the concentration of the TOPO solvent. Increasing the concentration of cadmium while keeping the chloride ion concentration constant decreased the extraction. The extraction was increased by increasing the concentration of the phosphoric acid while keeping the chloride ion concentration constant.


Abstract This paper investigates the influence of external cost shock on the speed of adjustment (SOA) toward target capital structure. To look at the impact of an exogenous shock on the speed of adjustment, we employ mandatory contributions (MCs) of defined benefit (DB) pension plans as a measure of the external shock, and find a significant impact of MCs on SOA toward target leverage. This impact of MCs on SOA is negative and more significant for over-levered firms, whereas it is positive but less significant for under-levered firms. This result demonstrates that firms, especially over-levered firms, adjust to their target leverage actively rather than passively. Additionally, we show that this impact of MCs on SOA is heterogeneously determined for the firms with different levels of leverage volatility and managerial entrenchment. Our results are robust when using system GMM estimation to reduce the bias in estimation.


This article addresses synchronous acquisition of high-speed multimodal speech data, composed of ultrasound and optical images of the vocal tract together with the acoustic speech signal, for a silent speech interface. Built around a laptop-based portable ultrasound machine (Terason T3000) and an industrial camera, an acquisition setup is described together with its acquisition software called Ultraspeech. The system is currently able to record ultrasound images at 70 fps and optical images at 60 fps, synchronously with the acoustic signal. An interactive inter-session re-calibration mechanism which allows recording of large audiovisual speech databases in multiple acquisition sessions is also described.


Prolonged grief disorder (PGD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common syndromes shaping bereaved caregivers' quality of life (QOL). However, distinctiveness of these syndromes warrants confirmation, and the temporal relationship of PGD and MDD symptoms has not been established. To fill these knowledge gaps, we conducted this longitudinal study.


The invention relates to a new energy vehicle adopting wireless charging based on a ERPT technology. The new energy vehicle comprises a vehicle body and a charging device arranged in the vehicle body, wherein the charging device comprises a central control system, a charging module connected with the central control system, a driving control module, a charging protection module and a wireless communication module; and the charging module comprises an energy receiving module, a rectification filter module, a charging adjusting module and a power supply module connected in sequence. The new energy vehicle adopting wireless charging based on the ERPT technology realize wireless energy transmission through forming a resonance circuit by a coil in the energy receiving module and a coil in the external charging device, and monitors the charging process in real time through a warning prompt module and a measurement protecting module, so that the wireless charging safety and reliability are guaranteed; and in addition, the driving control module controls the rectification filter module, so that the rectification filter reliability is further improved, and the wireless charging reliability and stability are improved.


This paper analyzes Moraga's body politics manifested in her interweaving of disability and Chicano/a identity in Heroes and Saints, focusing on how the main character's disability as an unavoidable "physical reality" informs her experience of embodiment and intersects with other identity categories like race and gender to form multiple locations of pain and oppression. Cerezita's disabled Chicana body is subjected to multiple forms of pain based on her disability, race, and gender, and thus becomes the medium through which she experiences and interprets the world. The play revolves around the struggle of the Chicano community against farm owners culminating in the protest procession at the end of the play, which concomitantly completes the transformation of Cerezita from a bodiless "head" to a political and religious leader who envisions and embodies a collective Chicano identity. The emphasis on this "essentialized" Chicano identity, however, is counterbalanced by the presence of the non-normative bodies of Cerezita, Mario, and Juan, who inhabit the locations where their multiple identities cause "contradictions" in their experience. Although racial identity politics is presented as an important tool in social protest, the marginalized characters' differences and desires are not completely erased or silenced. As disability cuts across all cultural divides in the pesticide-contaminated community, it sits at the core of their embodied experience. As such, the play foregrounds the complex ways in which race and disability interact with each other and offers a new insight into identity configurations.


Measuring similarity between two signals is a key element of the location template matching (LTM) method which is one of impact source localization technique. As a measure of similarity, the correlation coefficient is most widely used, and the group delay based method is recently proposed to improve the accuracy of finding the impact source. In practice, the LTM method assumes that the similarity between two signals decreases as the distance between two corresponding impact points increases, where the distance between two neighboring impact points defines the grid spacing. In this paper, it is shown that this assumption is not always true but the correlation coefficients fluctuate forming a main robe and many side robes as the distance between two neighboring impact points increases. On the other hand, the standard deviation of group delay sharply increases with a small increase of the grid spacing. These are demonstrated by using a simple cantilever beam. Based on these findings, an optimal way of implementing the LTM method may be suggested by combining the correlation coefficient and the group delay based approaches.


In this paper, we propose a new strategy (KORA-2) for the replacement of lines in cache memories. The algorithm is efficient and easily implementable. It is basically an extension of our previous work presented in [1]-[5]. Key to our algorithm is to identify and discard inactive lines relatively quickly as opposed to the conventional replacement algorithms. Trace-driven simulations were performed for 42 different cache configurations using benchmark programs from SPEC92 (Standard performance Evaluation Corporation) benchmark suites. Simulation results illustrate that our algorithm can provide a peak value of approximately 8.71% improvement in the miss ratio over the best performing conventional algorithm (LRU) for the selected benchmark trace files generated from SPEC programs. This translates to a savings of hundreds of thousands of misses for typical programs referencing well over 100 million addresses.


The Monte Carlo simulation is a commonly used technique for circuit analysis, but is computationally expensive. The bootstrap method can save simulation time and retain the desired accuracy.


Little is known about the impact of attention during motor adaptation tasks on how movements adapted in one context generalize to another. We investigated this by manipulating subjects' attention to their movements while exposing them to split-belt walking (i.e., legs moving at different speeds), which is known to induce locomotor adaptation. We hypothesized that reducing subjects' attention to their movements by distracting them as participants adapted their walking pattern would facilitate the generalization of recalibrated movements beyond the training environment. We reasoned that awareness of the novel split-belt condition could be used to consciously contextualize movements to that particular situation. To test this hypothesis, young adults adapted their gait on a split-belt treadmill while they observed visual information that either distracted them or made them aware of the belt's speed difference. We assessed adaptation and aftereffects of spatial and temporal gait features known to adapt and generalize differently in different environments. We found that all groups adapted similarly by reaching the same steady state values for all gait parameters at the end of the adaptation period. In contrast, both groups with altered attention to the split-belts environment (distraction and awareness groups) generalized their movements from the treadmill to overground more than controls, who walked without altered attention. This was specifically observed in the generalization of step time (temporal gait feature) which might be less susceptible to online corrections when walking overground. These results suggest that altering attention to one's movements during sensorimotor adaptation facilitates the generalization of movement recalibration.


Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) constructs many wells that require active sand control for multiple zones in cased hole environment with the option for zonal selectivity and allowing watered out zones to be isolated through well intervention. The most frequently used tubing in these wells is 3½-in. tubing which poses selectivity challenge when used in the standard 9⅝-in. multizone single-trip (MZST) gravel-pack system because the standard system uses 5½-in. modular screens and screen valves which are operated using 4.5-in. hard OD shifting tool which cannot be ran through the 3½-in. tubing. An innovative optimized MZST gravel-pack system alternative was developed and implemented successfully in Brunei and across the industry. This system offers:
 Higher accessibility and cost efficiency of MZST gravel-pack using conventional gravel-pack equipment. Selectivity option between zones during production Fluid loss control post gravel pack Improved rig time efficiencies Gravel-pack and Well Architecture Standardization
 The optimized system maintains critical zonal selectivity capabilities through use of standard screens and an internal string that features conventional sliding sleeve doors (SSD) connected through a three-way sub. This configuration simplifies installation, optimizes cost, and streamlines deployment. Additionally, the system design satisfies the unique well requirements of isolating, stimulating, producing oil and gas from the distinct zones in a single run, thereby enhancing overall well economics.


The shift from depleting petroleum compounds to regenerating biomass as the starting material for organic semiconductors is a prerequisite if organic electronics shall become truly sustainable. Here, we report on...


Research on iris recognition system nowadays focuses on identifying a person in a non-cooperative environment by capturing an eye image in motion and at different distances. A visible wavelength illumination is used to capture the eye image which is believed to be safer to the eyes as excessive level of near infrared wavelength illumination can endanger the eye. However, the quality of data captured is very low and there are large reflections with different intensities in the eye image. These have caused incorrect segmentation of iris boundaries as well as the inability to extract texture features of an iris in a non-cooperative environment leading to a reduction in the iris recognition performance. The research proposed the development of two combined methods to improve the iris recognition system. The first combined method consists of line intensity profile and support vector machine and the second is a combination of multiscale sparse representation of local Radon transform. The former identifies and classifies between reflections and nonreflections whereas the latter performs three processes: reduces noise during down sample of normalized iris, extracts an iris texture in the different angles of orientation information and uses score combination of multiscale at the end of the process to increase the matching score. These two methods were tested against UBIRIS.v2 iris database and the results of iris recognition compared to the existing methods achieved an accuracy of more than 90%.


This paper has expounded the significance and necessity of the comprehensive utilization of straw from the various aspects such as the meaning,present state,the existing problems,promoting strategies and measures,etc.


The aim of this study was to establish the effects of storage temperature on some egg quality in table eggs during 28 days. A total of 100 fresh eggs were obtained from laying hens (Nick chick) that were raised on a local commercial farm. All eggs were collected over a 24 h period. A total of 100 eggs randomly divided into 2 treatments (5 °C and 22 °C; 10 replicates each) with 50 eggs examined in each. Ten eggs from each group were analyzed for eggs weight loss, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH after 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 5 and 22 °C. All eggs were individually marked and weighed at the beginning of the experiment to calculate egg weight loss. The egg weight loss in eggs stored at 5 °C significantly (P<0.01) lower than the eggs stored at 22 °C group for the entire storage period. The eggs stored at 5 °C showed higher levels of specific gravity than eggs stored at 22 °C throughout 28 days of storage (P<0.01; P<0.05). The albumen height, Haugh unit, and yolk index of eggs stored at 5 °C was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of eggs stored at 22 °C during the storage periods. The albumen pH of eggs stored at 5 °C was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of eggs stored at 22 °C during storage period. The results indicated that the eggs stored at 5 °C are better off in terms of protecting quality compared to the eggs stored at 22 °C throughout 28 days of storage.The aim of this study was to establish the effects of storage temperature on some egg quality in table eggs during 28 days. A total of 100 fresh eggs were obtained from laying hens (Nick chick) that were raised on a local commercial farm. All eggs were collected over a 24 h period. A total of 100 eggs randomly divided into 2 treatments (5 °C and 22 °C; 10 replicates each) with 50 eggs examined in each. Ten eggs from each group were analyzed for eggs weight loss, specific gravity, albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH after 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 5 and 22 °C. All eggs were individually marked and weighed at the beginning of the experiment to calculate egg weight loss. The egg weight loss in eggs stored at 5 °C significantly (P<0.01) lower than the eggs stored at 22 °C group for the entire storage period. The eggs stored at 5 °C showed higher levels of specific gravity than eggs stored at 22 °C throughout 28 days of storage (P<0.01; P<0.05). The albumen height, Haugh unit, a...


The state of Rio Grande do Sul is the largest national wine producer, being the regions of Serra Gaúcha and Campanha the most outstanding. These two zones are different in climate, altitude, soil and pluviometric indicies, thus generating different wines in aroma, flavor and quality. The traceability of wines with indication of their geographical origin identity is an important aspect for producers and consumers. Geographical traceability is not a trivial task, and an useful approach is to use signals recorded in different sources in order to achieve best results. In this work is reported classification of red wines produced in the state of Rio Grande do Sul by means of fused spectroscopic (UV-Vis and ATR-FTIR) data. Thirty-five samples (provided by EMBRAPA Grape and Wine) from different varieties of grapes (Ancellotta, Cabernet Franc, Carbenet Sauvignon, Marselan, Merlot, Pinot Noir and Terodelgo) were taken into account. All calculation was carried out in MatLab ®


In Kenya, like in many developing countries, the developments in
biotechnology are ahead of formulation and implementation of national
and institutional biosafety guidelines. Many institutions are involved
in recombinant DNA technology using Organisms and systems that require
handling under stringent biosafety conditions but because of absence of
such guidelines, compromises could easily be made. The consensus in
Kenya is that both national and institutional biosafety guidelines
should be established to enhance agricultural development through the
safe use of biotechnology. This has been spearheaded by the Kenya
Agricultural Research Institute which has formulated guidelines,
adapting ideas from other institutions that are in line with Kenya's
unique requirements in biotechnology.


Inhomogeneity may lead to premature failure and operationally determines the lifetime estimation of thick weld joints. Considerable novelty of this paper was the achievement of the microstructural and mechanical inhomogeneity, especially along the thickness direction, in the narrow-gap weld seam of thick gas metal arc (GMA) welded Al–Zn–Mg alloy plates. The microstructure of the weld seam was investigated by means of optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), after which the phase composition was ascertained according to the x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and selected area diffraction analysis by TEM (TEM-SAD). The generation of intergranular short rod-shaped MgZn_2 particles changed the distribution of precipitates on the grain boundary with intragranular ellipsoidal MgZn_2 particles simultaneously formed as the strengthening phase, which rendered preferable mechanical performances to the bottom layer of the weld seam. The above conclusion was farther affirmed by micro fractography and EDS test results on the fractured surface of the tensile samples. In addition, the effect of following weld passes on the microstructure and micro hardness profile of the finished weld pass was investigated.


A high output power of 85 mW in cw conditions and 460 mW in pulse conditions has been obtained in a 1.3-μm InGaAsP p-substrate buried crescent (PBC) laser diode in spite of junction-up mounting. The lasers have been operating stably for 350 h in a preliminary aging test at 70°C with a 20-mW constant light output.


The safety and utility of the Advisor™ High‐Density Grid mapping catheter (HDGC) in children and congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are not well described.


Part One. Introduction / Overview 1. Introduction Quinetta M. Roberson Part Two. Conceptualization of Diversity 2. Diverse Forms of Difference Jason R. Lambert and Myrtle P. Bell 3. Understanding Diversity as Culture Eduardo Salas, Maritza R. Salazar, and Michele J. Gelfand 4. Moving Beyond a Categorical Approach to Diversity: The Role of Demographic Faultlines Sherry M.B. Thatcher Part Three. Psychological Perspectives on Diversity 5. Navigating the Self in Diverse Work Contexts Laura Morgan Roberts and Stephanie J. Creary 6. An Examination of Categorization Processes in Organizations: The Root of Intergroup Bias and a Route to Prejudice Reduction Melissa Ferguson and Shanette Porter 7. The Social and Psychological Experience of Stigma Michelle R. Hebl and Eden B. King 8. Ideology: An Invisible Yet Potent Dimension of Diversity Laurie T. O'Brien and Patricia N. Gilbert Part Four. Interactionist Perspectives on Diversity 9. Diversity as Knowledge Exchange: The Roles of Information Processing, Expertise, and Status Katherine W. Phillips, Michelle Duguid, Melissa Thomas-Hunt, and Jayaram Uparna 10. Diversity as Disagreement: The Role of Group Conflict Karen A. Jehn and Lindred L. Greer 11. Demographic Diversity as Network Connections: Homophily and the Diversity-Performance Debate Ray Reagans Part Five. Contextual Perspectives on Diversity 12. Understanding How Context Shapes Team Diversity Outcomes Aparna Joshi and Hyuntak Roh 13. Diversity Cognition and Climates Daan van Knippenberg, Astrid C. Homan, and Wendy P. van Ginkel 14. Considering Diversity as a Source of Competitive Advantage in Organizations Orlando C. Richard and Carliss D. Charles Part Six. Practice Perspectives on Diversity 15. The Origins and Effects of Corporate Diversity Programs Frank Dobbin and Alexandra Kalev 16. Diversity Staffing: Inclusive Personnel Recruitment and Selection Practices Derek R. Avery, Patrick F. McKay, and Sabrina D. Volpone 17. Career Development Bryan L. Dawson, Kecia M. Thomas, and Matthew J. Goren 18. Leadership in a Diverse Workplace Donna Chrobot-Mason, Marian N. Ruderman, and Lisa H. Nishii 19. Effective Diversity Training Loriann Roberson, Carol T. Kulik, and Rae Yunzi Tan 20. Work-Life Interface & Flexibility: Impacts on Women, Men, Families and Employers Alison M. Konrad Part Seven. Systems Perspectives on Diversity 21. Socioeconomic Trends: Broadening the Diversity Ecosystem Michalle Mor Barak and Dnika J. Travis 22. Global Diversity Management Mustafa Ozbilgin, Karsten Jonsen, Ahu Tatli, Joana Vassilopoulou, and Olca Surgevil 23. Law and Diversity: The Legal-Behavioral Science Divide in: How to Define, Assess, and Counteract Bias Evan P. Apfelbaum and Samuel R. Sommers Part Eight. Conclusion/Integration 24. Conclusion: Future Directions for Diversity Theory and Research Quinetta M. Roberson


This paper problematizes the liberal ideal of citizenship that, it is argued, limits active participation of poor communities in decision-making around basic urban infrastructure services and enjoyment of their citizenship rights. In place of liberal citizenship, the paper argues in favour of newly emerging forms of citizenship within participatory spheres that enhance access of the poor to urban services through direct participation aimed at socially equitable outcomes. Using the case of the Chamazi community water infrastructure initiative in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, this paper demonstrates that community grassroots agency is capable of instigating institutional changes and brokering power in seeking social justice in infrastructure provision. This was achieved in Chamazi through socially innovative strategies that took account of principles of inclusiveness and social justice, contributing to long-term improvement of this marginalized community. The daily struggle by the urban poor to access municipal services provides an avenue for redefining the contemporary meaning and practices of urban citizenship within rapidly transforming cities of the global South.


Objective: To establish a practical method of pilot-scale yeast fermentation for the production of a low bleeding anticoagulant protein recombinant-EPR-hirudin(EH).Methods:The growth curve of recombinant Pi chia pastoris secreting EH in shake flask cultivation was determined.Then,according to the determined growth curve,strains were amplified by two shake flask cultures and were directly inoculated into fermentation broth of 500 L.The fermentation was dynamically monitored by the dissolved oxygen and absorbance in 600 nm of the broth,and the wet weight of the strains as well.The target protein expression was induced with methanol feeding.After fermentation,the target proteins were purified through ultrafiltration and a two-step ion-exchange chromatogra phy.The purity of target proteins was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC,and the molecular weight was exam ined by reducing SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry.Furthermore,EH was identified by Western blotting,and its anticoagulant activity was analyzed by a clot method.Results: After direct inoculation from flask cultivation,the re combinant engineering yeasts grew well in a fermenter of 500 L tank volume.The total protein content of fermenta tion supernatants was 1.41 g/L at the end of the fermentation.After separation and purification,21 g of EH pro tein was obtained.The results of the non-reducing SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis showed that the purity of EH was more than 95%.The relative molecular weight of EH was about 7.3±0.73 kD determined by mass spectrometry analysis,however,displayed about 13.2±0.2 kD under the SDS-PAGE analysis.The result of Western blotting indicated that the EH protein can be recognized by the commercial mouse anti-hirudin antibody.Moreover,the an ti-thrombin activity of EH protein was about 512~1024 ATU/mg after incubation with bovine coagulation factor Xa.Conclusion: We have developed a simple and convenient method of pilot-scale yeast fermentation for the manufacture of EH.


The non-destructive testing (NDT) of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) becomes more and more important. A test setup using a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at frequencies of 220 - 325 GHz was set up to detect artificial defects in the probe. The paper will present experimental results and will furthermore address the challenges of imaging GFRP samples in a reflection geometry setup.


I endorse the point of view that test engineers (1) design, develop, and implement the methodologies, processes, and strategies as well as the software, hardware, and personnel systems required to economically accomplish error detection, location, and removal and (2) they evaluate test results relative to theoretical, and application performance. Thus, test engineers operate at every stage of the product life-cycle and make a significant contribution to product quality


Ed Hall works at Bristol Vet School so knows the challenges that face students as they prepare to enter the profession.


By means of literature review,the authors of this article have analyzed the current legal system of sports lottery in China and noted that there exist quite a number of legal defects in sports lottery in China such as low legislative level,imperfect legal system,weak government supervision,unitary sports lottery variety and high cost of issuing.Against the current legal situation and existing problems in China's sports lottery industry,it is proposed that a new legal mode regarding the legal regulations of sports lottery must be constructed.