This paper reviews model-based and model-free approaches for continuous prediction of human joint motion using surface electromyography (EMG) signals. The review focuses on approaches that solve the regression problem of continuously decoding motion from EMG as opposed to classification or discrete gesture identification methods. Model-based approaches use physics-based models to capture the dynamics of the muscles; and musculoskeletal geometry to estimate muscle forces and joint torques. Model-free machine learning and deep learning architectures employ training to learn the statistical regularities in the data to make predictions. Model-free approaches work well for real-time applications with better scalability for multiple muscle inputs and lower computational costs while model-based approaches are insightful and capture the essence of underlying muscle activation and contraction dynamics. Integrating model-free techniques to complement parametric models is a good practice for improving generalization of EMG-based predictions. The strengths and limitations of the two paradigms are compared based on scalability, performance, computational efficiency, and robustness for applications in robotics and biomechanics. We expand on previous review works with recent studies to draw inferences about the knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research. We hope this review serves as a comprehensive guide for current and prospective researchers interested in joint mechanics prediction using EMG.


In the article the author reflected on her personal and existential experience of a journey to Egypt, and how this highlights radical inclusivity. The article focused on the issues of the violence of poverty, the history of Coptic Christianity and the role of women within this tradition. The article touched on aspects such as 'women monks', ecclesiastical hierarchy in modern Coptic Christianity, and the ordination of clergy. It also considered the perspective of 'social hierarchy' and 'spiritual or divine hierarchy'.


Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) has been proposed to deliver data packets in an intermittently connected network by the store and carry technique. Among many existing routing protocols in DTN, spray and wait and its variants are based on replication by allowing the number of copies per message in the network but they still include some problems. To address energy issue and delivery ratio, we have presented the spray and fuzzy forwarding (S&FF) to employ the fuzzy inference systems (FIS). However, since our previous performance comparisons are simply evaluated over few cases, more extensive simulation scenarios need to be executed for accurate performance comparison. Based on this demand, in this paper, we compare S&FF with some variants of spray and wait in diverse aspects and provide analysis for their simulation results. Through the simulation results, we can observe that delivery ratio is acceptable while extending network lifetime in S&FF rather than comparable protocols under varying deadlines, the number of nodes and velocities.


ilose. The authors explaintheir failure to produce this important result in a previous experiment to their *emnployment of too small a quantity of oral secretion. Professor Czerlny, of the Children's Department of the Cliarite Hospital, recently, in opening a discussion on the clinical importance of thoracic configuration in children at thie Society of the Charite Hospital Physicians, expressed the opinion that among the cases of pulmonary phthisis so rarely met with in young clhildren, it was those with an elevated as opposed to a depressed configuration of the clhest that miiost frequently developed the disease. Professor Freund, a well-known Strassburg gynaecologist, in discussing the influence of thoracic deviations as predisposing to pulmuonary phtlhisis in young children, lhad supported tlhe generally accepted theory tllat depression predisposed to apical infections. Czerny's researelhes tended to shiow that the greatest alteration in the slhape of the clhest took place at thQ time when the child began to walk, and clhanged the prone position for tlle erect. From this tine onvward the thoracie shape assumed its definite type, and rapidly or slowly lost the elevated barrel slhape of infancy. In thle discu-ssion which followed, Professor Hofbauer of Vienna maintained tl]at the extent of the respiratory oscillations were of far greater importance in this respect than the chest configuration, for the former alone deternmitletl tlle circulation of blood and lymph in the apices of the lugLas, and counteracted the tendency to circulation stasis and dead air space, at tlle point wlhere infection uisuially toolk its origiin.


We present a precise form of structural realism, called group structural realism , which identifies 'structure' in quantum theory with symmetry groups. H owever, working out the details of this view actually illuminates a major problem for struct ral realism; namely, a structure can itself have structure. This paper argues that, once a pre cise characterization of structure is given, the 'metaphysical hierarchy' on which group structu ral realism rests is overly extravagant and ultimately unmotivated.


Right now the District Office is a governmental office that has an increasing important role in giving services and generating regional income To develop its service perfomance the District Office has an intention to rearrange the interior design of the office building therefore they need to do post occupancy evaluation research This research concentrates on the behavioural aspect The basic assumption of this reasearch is that the built environment is designed to fulfill the needs of human life as effectively as possible whereas human effectiveness in any activity is greatly influenced by social and psychological factors Thereby the success of an interior design does not only depend on technical functional and aesthetic considerations but also on behavioural consideration This research has found typical behaviours which need to be considereded carefully in the planning and design of the District Office interior in the future Key words : district office interior behaviour


The author reviews a dozen "hot spots" in humanistic and transpersonal studies by reflecting on the new forewords to three ofhis books. Tbpics include cultural evolution, the nature of conventional as well as higher stages of human development, the possibility of grounding and confirming spiritual knowledge, and the relation of such spiritual knowledge to rational and empirical knowledge. The author concludes with an explanation of the structure of one of his most recent books, Sex, Ecology, Spirituality.


Existing protective relaying is becoming more difficult to satisfy the need of power industry because of locally limited information.Aggregate protection is based on limited wide-area information.Informations of other protections and circuit breakers related to a certain protection is used to improve the protection's performance.The concept of aggregate protection and the method for determining limited wide-area of information and activated areas were discussed,principle and normative criterion of aggregate protection based on information of open-close status were presented.Utilization of these criterion can implement following functions:accelerating the operation of backup protection,even if one existing protection become invalid;shortening the operation time and area of remote back-up protection to clear the fault when circuit breaker is failure to operation;distinguishing overload from faults and ahead relieving the overload situation in company with control system.Application characteristic of all normative criterions were analyzed.


: Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, summarising, analysing and interpreting financial transactions and communicating the results thereof to the users interested in such communication. It is a service activity to provide qualitative financial information and it is useful in making economic decision. Advancements in Computer technology have dramatically improved accounting systems and transform economic life. Computer technology deals with the application of computers and the other telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve transit and manipulate data. Applying Computer technology in the context of business it is designed to help management in their stewardship function, support management in their day to day operations and decision making. The advancement of Technology has led in the creation of the computerised accounting systems which is commonly adopted by Business entities at present. Thus, entities need to improve their systems in order to match their information needs for better decision making. With the advent of computer based accounting systems accountants have to cope with the resulting complexity of the flow of information through the accounting systems. Traditional accounting procedures did not accommodate sophisticated Processing devices that came with the computer based accounting system. With the introduction of computer to many business applications, those business areas that involves repeated task which are often monotonous to human errors ( cash, inventory control, payroll, etc) are increasingly being simplified accurately by combining the cost effectiveness, simplicity of use, efficiency, reliability and accuracy of the computer to obtain, analyse and interpret data information for efficient business decisions. This paper highlights the impact of Information Technology on Accounting Systems.


x Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Objectives 4 1.3 Methodology 5 1.4 Organisation of the write-up 5 Chapter Two: Theoretical Aspects of Public Expenditure Growth 7 2.1 The Nature of Public Expenditure 7 2.2 Models of Public Expenditure Growth 8 (a) Development Models 8 (b) Demand-Side Models 10 (c) Supply-Side Models 12 (i) The Bureaucratic Hypothesis 13 (ii) Baumol's Differential Productivity Model 14 (iii) Peacock and Wiseman's Displacement Hypothesis 15 2.3 Evaluation of Expenditure Models 2.4 Empirical Evidence 19 (a) Developed Countries 19 (b) Developing Countries 21 (c) South Africa 24


213. Development of non-bitter taste leucine-enriched foods, and evaluation for the effect on blood BCAA level Tomoki Yamashita, Yoshiki Takahashi, Akiko Hirakida, Chihiro Nagayama, Maiko Tatematsu, Mihoko Tominaga, Fritz Treiber, Takuro Tobina Univ. Nagasaki Grad. Hum. Health Sci., Nishisonogi, Japan, Univ. Nagasaki, Nishisonogi, Japan, Nara Univ. Education, Nara, Japan, Hiroshima Univ., Higashihiroshima, Japan, Univ. Graz, Graz, Austria [Aims] Branched chain amino acid, especially leucine, stimulates muscle protein synthesis. However, large amount of leucine has bitter taste, and it makes difficult to ingestion. Thus, we made some leucine-enriched foods which reduced the bitterness using molecular cooking technique. In addition, we evaluated the effects on blood BCAA level after ingestion. [Methods] Firstly, 2% leucine solution was encapsulated using sodium alginate, and applied for 17 foods. On the other hands, purified leucine powder was added for 10 existing foods (Leucine-enriched foods). Secondly, blood BCAA levels was measured after ingestion of leucine-enriched (4g) juice (LJ), placebo juice (PJ), leucine-enriched (10g) chocolate (LC), and placebo chocolate (PC). [Results] The results of sensory evaluation shown that the encapsulated leucine is significantly reduced the bitter taste. Almost subjects can't feel the bitterness compared with leucine solution. Dark chocolate also favorable for reduce of leu cine bitterness. Blood BCAA levels were increased significantly 30 minutes after ingestion of leucine enriched foods (LJ: 451±187μM, PJ: 240±199μM, (p<0.01), and LC: 890±255μM, PC: 140±190μM, (p<0.01)). [Conclusions] Encapsulation with sodium alginate ban  ished the leucine bitterness, and it can apply for leucine-enriched foods.


Seven hundred and sixty-eight adolescents from five countries and regions (USA, Spain, Hong Kong, Qatar, and Malaysia), aged 13–19 (M = 15.78; SD = 1.28) years, responded to a questionnaire designed to determine who was their most admired famous adult or hero. Male heroes clearly outnumbered admired females (73.3% vs. 26.7%). There was a pattern of same-sex choices, but it was more likely for girls to choose male heroes than for boys to choose females. Over half of the admired adults were athletes, and movie, television, and music stars. Regarding the personally known adults, there was a more balanced choice of males and females, with parents as the most frequent choice. Results suggest that society continues to fail in providing an adequate supply of female role models.


In this paper we evaluate different methods for statistically analyzing the variability in pressure fluctuations measured at three locations in an 80-mm-ID, 5-m-tall CFB model operated with natural rutile particles and air at ambient conditions. The methods evaluated are the Shannon entropy, Fischer information matrix together with kernel density estimation, and an estimation of the magnitude of the pressure amplitudes. The accuracy of the different methods is estimated by the bootstrap method. We illustrate how informative statistics from these methods can be used to quantify the effect of the process variables on fluidization at different bed locations. Depending on the interest of the experimenter, the method and statistic can be selected which explains fluidization operation most accurately.


The interaction of the farmer with the traders occurs from the beginning of the activity until he obtains the final product. This research project entitled "Social and Economic Interaction between Corn Farmers and Farmers of the Mocache Canton, Los Rios Province" allows us to determine the social and economic interaction between hard corn traders and agricultural producers as the main objective of the research. The specific objectives were to identify the marketing links of maize, to describe the social relationship between producer and trader and to establish the economic situation between producers and traders of hard corn in the canton Mocache. Establishing that the interaction between traders and agricultural producers of hard corn in Canton Mocache is made up of 80% male, traders have a level of preparation (81.25%) of secondary and third level, to the Producers (50% between the 2 categories mentioned above), their households are composed of a greater number (1-4 in a 93.75%), the producers with dependence 90.39% among 1 - 4 children of the household. The household and basic services were mostly owned by merchants (93.75%) and producers (67.31%). The main activity of maize traders is grass as the main source of income, of which 43.75% is engaged in a secondary activity. As far as farmers are concerned, 78.85% of farmers mention that maize production Is not the main source of income 68.29% mentions that in addition to the cultivation of maize they have income from another crop such as cocoa. The producer the commercial activity of the harvest occurs in 81.25% in the business of the merchant since few traders who buy the harvest in the field, because it must be transported by the producers to the same, the capital of this Interaction is given in the case of traders 100% for the capital and financing of the purchase, while the financing of the crop 78.85% is financed by the capital of the producer, which is his biggest inconvenience, they sell their Harvest by 56.25% to intermediaries. The economic situation of the merchants is mostly dependent (56.25%) of the producers of the grass while in the case of producers have seen how to go looking for another item of income (78.85%) for their families Not being absolutely dependent on the maize crop.


My take on the Onnit kettlebell exercise program, including an overview of the cool-looking Primal Bell gorilla-faced kettlebells. Are they worth the price?


In 21st century primary purpose of Internal Combustion (IC) engine inventors is to accomplish dual objectives of finest performance and reduced emission. For maximizing mass of air induced into cylinder during suction stroke intake manifold design should be optimized. Present work primarily incorporates the effect of helical intake manifold on air motion and turbulence inside the cylinder at different crank angles. Three dimensional models of intake manifold and cylinder are generated in Creo Parametric 3.0 and meshed using Ansys 16.0. The flow characteristics of air inside intake manifold as well as engine cylinder are analysed in FLUENT 16.0.


In medical diagnosis, the prediction of a disease acts as an important core in analyzing the medical images. The unwanted cell growth in any part of the organ is known as tumor. The tumor may be benign or malignant. Malignant tumor is considered to be the most dangerous tissue. So, the early diagnosis of the disease helps to prevent the cancer. In women, breast cancer is treated as the most significant issue. There are various researchers studied about the prediction of breast cancer. This paper aims to review on various data mining techniques that are specifically considered on breast cancer prediction.


In this chapter, the problematic of exceptions to peremptory norms is investigated in view of the defining feature of jus cogens rules as not admitting of derogation. This problematic appears singularly concerned with exceptions to the prohibition of the use of armed force, since that prohibition is regularly claimed to constitute a peremptory norm but admits of exceptions. Different legal constructions have been proposed to explain why exceptions would not amount to derogation. One construction, logically coherent but not (fully) borne out by positive law, is to see exceptions as limiting and lying outside of the substantive scope of a general rule and thus not amounting to derogation. Another construction concerns the claim that the prohibition of the use of armed force is not a jus cogens rule but rather the prohibition of aggression. As such, exceptions such as self-defence, force pursuant to a Security Council authorization, and consent would not amount to derogation, since they would not entail the commission of aggression. This construction would allow for the conclusion that peremptory prohibitions are absolute in character and not subject to exception or justification. Circumstances precluding wrongfulness, as general exceptions, appear to qualify as derogation, since Article 26 of the Articles on the Responsibility of States bars their invocation when conduct would be contrary to a peremptory norm. Finally, a narrow interpretation of the word derogation, as being involved only when states attempt to legalize or justify conduct in relation to already existing, concrete circumstances, could also explain why exceptions to peremptory prohibitions may be considered admissible.


The applications using differential GPS (DGPS) have grown in recent years, and the dominant error source for many DGPS techniques is reference receiver multipath. As a result, there is great interest in reducing reference receiver multipath, especially for safety-critical applications such as DGPS-based precision landing. A new method for reducing code and carrier-phase multipath is presented which uses measurements from multiple receivers in order to obtain accurate estimates of code or carrier phase multipath. Using this method, a least-squares condition adjustment is performed to generate a multipath estimate for each individual receiver/satellite pair. It does so on an epoch by epoch basis, so no filtering over time is required, and no initialisation period is necessary. Static and dynamic test results using this method are presented. For these tests, code differential positioning is performed with and without the adjustment, and it is shown that the adjustment significantly improves positioning accuracy. It is also demonstrated that the condition adjustment can enhance carrier-phase integer ambiguity resolution.


The present invention includes a means (4) for detecting a characteristic of the lens, and means for integrating the characteristic representing the morphological characteristics wearer, between the first measurement position and the loading position along a predetermined path support moving lens (3), a grinding means (20), to an apparatus comprising a combination of means for forming a clamping clip gripping carrying the grinding position from the loading position (25) of the lens.


Abstract This paper provides the statistical analysis to obtain the functional dependence of the radial distribution parameter on grinding conditions by comparing the power spectra of the simulated and experimental profiles. A numerical technique to evaluate the power spectral density and generation of surface profile with all random possibilities of interaction of grooves is also presented. It is found that the radial distribution parameter is linearly related to table speed and depth of cut in fine grinding. Results indicate that the power spectra of simulated and experimental profiles are in close agreement.


Young adult female Dutch Belted rabbits were given a single intravenous injection of polymeric 23gPu-nitrate ( 15% ultrafilterable) or of monomeric 239Pu-citrate (90% ultrafilterable) and killed at 3 days. The plutonium content of the intact femur (bone plus marrow) was higher after the polymeric form. Physical removal of marrow from bone in the tibia showed the plutonium content of the bone to be slightly lower and of the marrow to be 17-fold higher after polymeric than after monomeric plutonium. Polymeric plutonium was also more concentrated in spleen, ovaries, intestines (with contents), skeletal muscle and urine but less concentrated in liver. About the same levels of the two forms of plutonium were found in blood, bile and lung. For the first 30 min after injection, the polymeric plutonium was cleared from the circulation more rapidly than the monomeric. After about 60 min, the two forms were cleared at generally comparable, decreasing rates. Polymeric plutonium was as much as 10-30 times more concentrated in predominantly red (erythropoietic) marrow than in fatty marrow. Monomeric plutonium was 1.3-2.8 times more concentrated in the red marrow. Mice injected with the same plutonium solutions as the rabbits showed, in comparison, a higher per cent of the injected monomeric plutonium in the femurs and a lower per cent in the liver; they showed a higher uptake of polymeric plutonium in the marrow, and a higher uptake of both forms in the spleen and lungs than did the rabbits. INTRODUCTION these larger animals, in comparison to rats and COMPARATIVE studies of the metabolism of mice, is a more prolonged retention of plutodifferent physical-chemical forms of plutonium after intravenous introduction have been limited to mice and rats. These studies have shown greater uptake (at 1-6 days) of polymeric forms of plutonium in the reticuloendothelial tissuesliver, spleen and bone marrow-and lower uptake in bone, than seen with monomeric p lu t~nium.( l -~) I n mice and rats the most significant difference in long-term retention between the two forms is a more rapid loss from the liver after injection of the monomeric form. I n larger animals the few studies of plutonium metabolism after intravenous injection have been limited to plutonium citrate in sheep,(4) pigs,(s-Sl d0gs(~-1~) and man;(13) and plutonium nitrate in rabbits.(l4.l5) Plutonium nitrate has also been given to dogs in 4 injections, spaced a t one month intervals.(16) The most marked difference in the metabolism of plutonium by * Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. 231 nium in the liver. I n rabbits, two experiments with plutonium nitrate showed quite different tissue distributions of plutonium. The principally monomeric preparation used by TAYLOR(~~) deposited 7-14 % in the liver and 27-51 % in the skeleton at 1-8 days. The preparation injected a t pH 2 by BELYAYEV et uL.(l5) evidently contained large amounts of colloidal plutonium, as suggested previous1y;(l4) 70 % was deposited in the liver, 2 % in the spleen, and 23-38 % in the skeleton at 1-7 days. The marrow contained 0.27 %/g at 3 days, Because of the differences in metabolism of different physical-chemical forms of plutonium in rodents, and the conflicting results reported for rabbits, the tissue uptake 3 days after intravenous injection of two different, carefully characterized forms of plutonium has been determined in the rabbit. Plutonium blood clearance rates, 3-day excretion in urine and 232 METABOLISM OF MONOMERIC AND POLYMERIC PLUTONIUM IN THE RABBIT fcccs, and concentrations in erythropoietic and fatty bone marrow have also been measured. In addition, a comparative study in mice, using the same plutonium preparations, has been performed. METHODS Polymeric plutonium was prepared by selectively removing the near-colloidal supernate about 2 hr after precipitation of an acidic solution of Pu(NO,), by careful dropwise addition of NaOH to pH -7.(17) The larger particulate matter in the supernate was removed by filtration through a Millipore filter of 5 pm nominal pore diameter. The plutonium in this preparation was 15 % ultrafilterable through Visking (cellophane) casing and may be described as "mid-range polyrneric".(l7) The monomeric plutonium was prepared from the same stock, adjusted to pH -5 in the presence of 1 % sodium citrate. I t was 90 % ultrafilterable after filtration through a 25 nm Millipore filter. Eight young adult (7-8-month old) Dutch Belted female rabbits, weighing an average of 2.9 kg, each reccived a single 0.5-ml injection of either polymeric plutonium (-0.303 pCi/kg) or monomeric plutonium (-0.356 pCi/kg) into an ear vein. A magnetic stirrer was used to keep the polymeric plutonium uniformly suspended in the injection solution. The amounts of plutonium injected were determined from 20-pl. aliquots of the injection solutions taken before and after the injections. A 1-ml blood sample was taken from the ear vein of each rabbit in a heparinized syringe a t 5 , 30 min, 1, 6 hr, 1, and 3 days for plutonium analysis: two 10-ml samples of cardiac blood were also obtained at 3 days, immediately before sacrifice. The animals were caged individually in ordinary stainless steel rabbit cages adapted with a plastic screen to allow separate collection of urine and feces. Wayne rabbit ration pellets and water were fed ad lib. The rabbits were killed at 3 days by sodium pentothal injected intracardiall y. At autopsy, a small sample of liver and spleen from each rabbit was fixed in 10% neutral formalin and autoradiograms were made as described earlier.(ls) All tissues removed for radiochemical analysis were weighed immediately. The bilewas removed from the gall bladder and measured with a I-ml syringe. The urine in the bladder was added to that excreted. The intestinal tract with contents, from pylorus through rectum, was removed and analyzed intact. Larger tissues and excreta were placed in beakers and combusted by a combination of wet ashirig with concentrated FINO, and muffling at 450". (Gradual attainment of this temperature avoids foaming.) The inorganic residues remaining after ashing were dissolved in a known volume of 0.1 N HCI, from which aliquots were removed for liquid scintillation assay of plutonium.(l9) The smaller tissues, including lungs and measured samples of blood, muscle and marrow, were placed directly into scintillation vials for wet combustion and plutonium assay. Right and left femurs were ashed and analyzed separately. The tibias were separated into several marrow and bone fractions by making cross cuts 1 cm from each end. After weighing the resulting segments, samples of marrow were quickly scooped out and weighed. The rest of the marrow was then removed with small cotton balls and the weight obtained by difference. (The hollow tibia of the adult rabbit permits almost complete, quantitative marrow removal with this technique. A variable but small amount of marrow remains in the deep trabecular recesses of the proximal bone segment and in the small proximal epiphysis.) Loss of marrow and bone resulting from the two cuts averaged 3.26% by weight. With the exception of this loss, the total plutonium content in bone and marrow was measured. The small fibula, which was essentially devoid of marrow, and weighed about 3.4% of the intact tibia plus fibula, was included with the bone fractions of the mid-shaft and proximal segments. To relate this study to data already obtained in mice, and as an additional characterization of the plutonium solutions given the rabbits, we injected the same solutions intravenously into groups of four 85-day old, 28-g, CF#1 female mice. The mice received an average of 5.1 pCi/ kg of polymeric and 3.2,uCilkg of monomeric plutonium, as determined by analysis of replicate injection volumes. They were sacrificed at 3 days and at 90 days (monomeric form only) for radiochemical analyses. Tissue analyses were performed as in the rabbits, except that M. W. ROSENTHAL et al. 233 certain tissues were pooled (as indicated in Table 3). The separated marrow and bone fractions of a standard 0.9-cm mid-shaft segment were analyzed from the mouse tibias.(20)


HARLAN, Martini, and Stevens (1) in 1940 studied 149 crosses between two-rowed and six-rowed varieties of barley. They observed that the full size of the lateral kernels of the six-rowed parents was seldom recovered in the six-rowed segregates and suggested that the small laterals usually produced might adversely affect yield. From this it would appear that the use of two-rowed varieties in crosses aimed at development of good sixrowed malting varieties might hold very little promise,


Globalization has exacerbated the impact of three Northern-driven forces on Central American unions. Transnational firms have restructured or enhanced their levels of subcontracting. Governments, while weakening labor-code implemention, have launched extensive privatization schemes. And international supporters of unions have espoused new priorities and rechanneled funding. Although all three trends have caused major difficulties for unions, this article assesses whether or not their traditional spirit of "social-movement unionism" has been undermined. Based on extensive interviews and primary and secondary data, the study documents union resilience in the banana and maquila sectors despite problematic corporate behavior and market conditions. Stung by state privatizations, unions that fragmented following the Central American Peace Accords have partially regrouped to resist public-health takeovers and labor-code harmonization. Facing losses in Northern funding, unions have painfully adapted to fresh organizing strategies and sensitivity to women's issues, which they found to be fundamental to successful collaboration with corporate campaigns, trade pressure, and NGOs. Despite losses, unions have tapped a broader solidarity in their struggle against the demons of globalization.


The purpose of our investigation was to analyze the current operational status of 16 elite sports federations (biking, boxing, fencing, gymnastic, judo, track and field, kayak-canoeing, modern pentathlon, rowing, shooting, skating, swimming, tennis, table tennis, volleyball and wrestling), which have been the recipients of extra funding by the Hungarian government. The Hungarian Olympic Committee (HOC) contracted our university to run the non-financial audit, including interviews with leaders of the federations and completing a questionnaire by experts of the associations. Firstly, we examined the associations' organograms and discovered that 31.25% of the federations have not had any organogram and that only 18.75% had a current, topical and detailed one. Secondly, we investigated the written missions of the sport organizations and found that 31.25% don't have any, while 43.75% of the federations had a current, topical and detailed mission. Thirdly, we explored the vision of the organizations and discovered that 56.25% of the federations have not had any, while only 12.5% had current, topical and detailed ones. Lastly, we investigated the marketing and promotion strategies and found that 43.75% of the organizations hadn't any, while only 18.75% of the associations had a current, topical and detailed one. As a benchmark, the results of the non-financial audit will help to measure the governmental donation's effect, and it is also useful to clarify the operational failures in the elite sport federations.


The preparation, crystal structure and NMR spectroscopic
properties of a cisplatin-derived diplatinum(III) complex is
reported which contains two bridging 1-methylcytosinato nucleobases in
mutual head–tail orientation and in addition two axially
bound 9-ethylguanine nucleobases.


The shipping industry plays an important and irreplaceable role in the economic development, prosperity of trade in our country, and the ship financing lease is an effective way to promote the development of the shipping industry. Meanwhile, the ship financing lease is a complex economic activity that is characterized by the large amount of investment, the long cycle of lease, various links and wide range of coordination and many factors such as unsound registration system and lack of unified standard. This paper gives a brief of analysis of ship financing lease and its registration matters, and makes a few of recommendations on how to prevent the risk of vessel registration to be favorable for carrying out the ship registration in the new situation, and controls the source of ship registration in order to serve maritime economy and promote the sound development of ship financing leasing industry.


This paper describes a technique utilizing fuzzy set theory that the author has called Fuzzy Extracted Topology. This technique was used to create a reference model of an airplane's aerodynamic characteristics defined by flight test time history data. This reference model of the flight test data resulted in a substantial reduction in the amount of data required to represent the airplane aerodynamic characteristics. Introduction


The methods and skills in the process of the parametric design of nonzero spiral bevel gear CAD graphic system is introduced in this paper. The characters and merits of this software is also discussed in thispaper. This system has been successfully tested with many spiral bevel gears.It is concluded that these methods are right and useful and can be referenced by the designers who want to make CAD exploit of spiral bevel gears.


Leibniz algebras can be seen as a"non-commutative"analogue of Lie algebras. Nijenhuis operators on Leibniz algebras introduced by Cari\~{n}ena, Grabowski, and Marmo in [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37(2004)] are (1, 1)-tensors with vanishing Nijenhuis torsion. Recently triangular Leibniz bialgebras were introduced by Tang and Sheng in [J. Noncommut. Geom. 16(2022)] via the twisting theory of twilled Leibniz algebras. In this paper we find that Leibniz algebras are very closely related to Nijenhuis operators, and prove that a triangular symplectic Leibniz bialgebra together with a dual triangular structure must possess Nijenhuis operators, which makes it possible to study Nijehhuis geometry from the perspective of Leibniz algebras. At the same time, we regain the classical Leibniz Yang-Baxter equation by using the tensor form of classical $r$-matrics. At last we give the classification of triangular Leibniz bialgebras of low dimensions.


Hang-Yong natural gas pipeline had not yet been pigging since it was put into production. With the natural gas transmission volume increasing year by year,it was necessary to carry on the pigging operation considering the condition of pipeline. The pigging operation removed the long-term impurities in the pipeline and check the internal capacity and defect of pipeline. The reasonable gas transmission scheme and the effective measures to control the pigging velocity ensured the smooth implementation of the pigging operation. The pigging scheme and process of east line of Hang-Yong natural gas pipeline( ChunxiaoYuyao) was introduced in this paper. Combined with its own characteristics and the experience of long-distance pigging operation,the problems in pigging operation were summarized in this paper and the improvement measures and suggestions were put forward,thus providing references for the safe and efficient pigging operation.


This study was conducted to achieve basal information for the development of tomato cultivars with disease resistances through marker-assisted backcross (MAB). Ten inbred lines with TYLCV, late blight, bacterial wilt, or powdery mildew resistance and four adapted inbred lines with superior horticultural traits were collected, which can be useful as the donor parents and recurrent parents in MAB, respectively. Inbred lines collected were evaluated by molecular markers and bioassay for confirming their disease resistances. To develop DNA markers for selecting recurrent parent genome (background selection) in MAB, a total of 108 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets (nine per chromosome at average) were selected from the tomato reference genetic maps posted on SOL Genomics Network. Genetic similarity and relationships among the inbred lines were assessed using a total of 303 polymorphic SSR markers. Similarity coefficient ranged from 0.33 to 0.80; the highest similarity coefficient (0.80) was found between bacterial wilt-resistant donor lines '10BA333' and '10BA424', and the lowest (0.33) between a late blight resistant-wild species L3708 (S. pimpinelliforium L.) and '10BA424'. UPGMA analysis grouped the inbred lines into three clusters based on the similarity coefficient 0.58. Most of the donor lines of the same resistance were closely related, indicating the possibility that these lines were developed using a common resistance source. Parent combinations (donor parent × recurrent parent) showing appropriate levels of genetic distance and SSR marker polymorphism for MAB were selected based on the dendrogram. These combinations included 'TYR1' × 'RPL1' for TYLCV, '10BA333' or '10BA424' × 'RPL2' for bacterial wilt, and 'KNU12' × 'AV107-4' or 'RPL2' for powdery mildew. For late blight, the wild species resistant line 'L3708' was distantly related to all recurrent parental lines, and a suitable parent combination for MAB was 'L3708' × 'AV107-4', which showed a similarity coefficient of 0.41 and 45 polymorphic SSR markers.


COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis affecting the entire tourism industry. Accommodation, food, and travel sectors have been affected by the decreased number of visitors, which had a ripple effect on the financial situation of the whole industry. The purpose of this work is a better understanding of the role of knowledge management in terms of mitigating the crisis in the tourism sector, as well as a development of the framework that appropriately addresses the relevance of KM in crisis situations. This study is based on the literature review of selected papers devoted to crisis management and knowledge management in the time of crisis. The research output is presented in the form of a new framework. This study focuses on the potential support of KM practices on the crisis management within a tourism industry. This work delivers the insights regarding the potential knowledge management application in tourism sector in terms of coping with high-volume crisis. The proposed framework shows that knowledge management practices can be potentially helpful in the time of crisis and may be integrated into a kind of framework for crisis management. Those practices need to be carefully adjusted to the particular situation and to the possibilities of their implementation, as well as to the type of crisis situation and its severity. Additionally, the importance of knowledge as a mean of support for tourism organizations in their decision-making process has been confirmed. Research output is limited to the theoretical contribution originating from the framework. This limitation is to be overcome in the future when the pilot study testing this framework is conducted. Findings of this study provides useful insights not only for the academic society and researchers, but also for tourism organizations striving for further development and improvement of its' internal processes and handling a crisis situation. This paper improves the overall understanding about the role of knowledge management during a crisis in tourism sector. Theoretical findings provided in this study can constitute the inspirational benchmark for the tourism organizations helping them to catch on the impact of KM practices on the crisis management.


LiFePO4 electrodes were built in different architectures using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) mixed conductor as an additive. Conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS was achieved by addition of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. The amount of conducting polymer and solvent additives strongly influence the discharge capacity and potential of LiFePO4 electrodes at fast rates. The initial impedance and the direct current resistance were correlated with the discharge performance at high rate. The optimized amount of PEDOT:PSS added within the bulk resulted in lower value of impedance, lower load resistance and higher capacity as compared to the standard preparation. Furthermore Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to probe, the bulk transformation of the LiFePO4 active material and the surface changes of the composite electrodes with conducting polymer upon lithiation. The electrode with PEDOT:PSS coated on the aluminium current collector and doped by ethylene glycol showed highly competitive performance (132 mAh/g at 5C and 145mAh/g at 2C for 50 cycles).


It is obvious that the trance state of the noajdie (the Saami shaman) and his supposed abilities to discover hidden and unknown things have fascinated the neighbours of the Saamis ever since the first contacts were established. The view of the Saamis as the wizards (trollkarlar) has been dominant in the history of the Saamis from time immemorial right up to the present day, a history that has been written for example by the Scandinavians. From the Viking sagas, we know that a noajdie had an aura of sorcery, and that the "Finns", meaning the Saamis were in general looked upon as skilled in the arts of magic. In the historical sources, as well as in the archives, there are also documents from the time of the colonization of the Saami area, in which amazement at, and dread of, Saami sorcery is profoundly expressed by the intruders.


After formulation of the various dynamical and kinematical relations connecting the flow quantities with the geometrical parameters of the stream line trajectories, the expressions for the tangent, principal normal and binormal vectors and the curvature and torsion of the stream line have been obtained in-terms of the velocity components, the pressure, the density, the magnetic field and the relaxation variable, This is followed by expressing the equations governing the flow in the intrinsic forms. It has been shown that the nonequilibrium character of the gas decreases the total pressure gradient along the streamlines, but the total pressure remains constant along the binormaIs and if the stream lines are straight lines, the trajectories of the principal normals lie on the surface of the constant total pressure. Further, the expressions for vorticity components in terms of curvature of the stream line and the velocity gradients along the stream line and their principal normals and binormals have been obtained. Finally, a class of circular helical flows have been discussed.


In the given work the construction of the mathematical model of a new axial load sensor on chisel, made on the base of the aerodynamic generator of oscillations is considered. This mathematical model is the base for engineering calculation of the suggested sensor, and it can be used while setting up high-performance systems of the automatic control by well-boring practice.


Particle-physics, space research and several other fields of basic and applied science necessitate the production of large area detectors made by a new generation of thin sensors able to provide, at the same time, excellent position and time resolution.


Introduction Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, due to its unique aroma and stimulant properties. Four Arabica green coffee beans (GCB) from different geographical origins have been shown to contain forty-three polyphenols; polyphenols as well as fluoride,which is highest in Turkish coffee from GCBare considered rich sources of dietary antioxidants [1, 2]. Further, soymilk fortification with green coffee extract has increased, compared to control, the phenolic contents up to 70% improving the antioxidant and pro-health status of soymilk[3]. Recently, multiple research activities have investigated the relationship between GCBextract consumption and loss of weight. Choi and colleagues have demonstrated that 3-caffeoylquinic acid in GCBextract has a lipid catabolic effect in high fat diet induced obese mice decreasing body weight gain, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights with regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis hormones, like adiponectin and leptin[4]. Similarly, a combined extract (comprising cocoa, coffee, green tea and garcinia)has stimulated lipid metabolismin high energy diet induced obese rats which was attributable to fat mobilization from adipose tissue[5]. Moreover, decaffeinated GCB extract appeared to reversehigh fat diet induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance in mice by down regulating the genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue[6]. Finally, basing on multiple scientific observations it's no wonder nowadays to find GCB extract in supplements for weight loss used in humans [7] and I believe, from a clinical practice point of view, green coffee consumption or GCB extract supplements represents an easy and safe method to lose weight that my prove very efficientif combined with other healthy life style modifications in young adults suffering from obesity.


This thesis contains a formulation of the problem is the influence of the use of smartphones against the personality of the students in the subjects of Islamic education in SMK Negeri 3 Palu and whether there influence the use of smartphones against learners learning activities on subjects of Islamic Education in SMK Negeri 3 Palu. Research data that has been collected with the help of computer programs using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) and analyzed using simple linear regression formula. Research testing using the test of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, heteroskedastisitas, and test the hypothesis of the data. The results showed that, the first significant difference between the use of smartphones on the personality of students in SMK Negeri 3 Palu. The results of this study indicate the contribution the influence of the independent variable (X) is the use of smartphones to the dependent variable (Y 1 ) is the personality of students by 1.1% while the rest influenced by other variables. Secondly, a significant difference between the use of smartphones to the learning activities of students on the subjects of Islamic Religious Education at SMK Negeri 3 Palu. The results of this study indicate the contribution the influence of the independent variable (X) is the use of smartphones to the dependent variable (Y 2 ) is the activity of learners in the subject of Islamic education by 7% while the rest influenced by other variables. The implication of this research are expected to be beneficial and contribute to the world of education and the advancement of science in particular subjects of Islamic religious education in identifying the personality and learning activities students associated with the use of smartphones. as well as information materials for educators in the face of conditions of the learner already can not be separated from the smartphone device.


The efficient use of pulverized coal is crucial to the utility industries. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical models has an important role in the design of new boiler furnaces or in retrofitting situations. The results of CFD simulations can be used to better understand the complex processes occurring within the boiler furnace. The use of these results to support boiler operation and training of operators requires that the CFD models can be easily accessed and the results are easily analysed.

This paper discusses two ways to simulate the heat transfer process in boiler furnaces. The method directly applying CFD results is employed, in which the grid for solving the energy equation is the same as the flow grid in the CFD simulation while radiation heat transfer is solved in another relatively coarse grid. Comparison of the prediction results between CFD and Heat Transfer code (Simple model) is performed under boiler full load (100%) with one side wall fouling, as well as for different boiler loads (100, 98 and 95 per cent boiler full load, respectively). Finally, the flexible use of the results of CFD and the simple model for pulverized coal-fired boilers is presented. To facilitate the use of the system, a user-friendly interface was developed which enables the user to manipulate new calculations and to view results, namely performing 'what–if' analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this thesis I present a search for MgII absorption systems in the resolved spectra of 10 high redshifts gravitationally lensed quasars. The goal of the thesis is to study the spatial structure of MgII systems. The quasars were observed at resolutions R ∼ 4 500 and R ∼ 40 000. The search yielded a sample of 31 MgII absorption systems at 0.4 < z < 1.6 and probing transverse separations between lines of sight (LOS) in the range 0.29-23 h−1 70 kpc. Adding systems from the literature increased the number of systems to 95. The range of transverse separation of the full sample is 0.3-100 h−1 70 kpc. In this sample, the dispersion in the fractional equivalent width differences, ∆Wr, decreases with equivalent width for strong systems while no high ∆Wr values are found for transverse distances d < 9 h−1 70 kpc. This is in agreement with a smooth distribution of gas at these scales. In addition, these systems show a trend of increasing ∆Wr with transverse separation. For weak systems, the dispersion in ∆Wr with respect to Wr is greater than for strong systems. In this case anticoincidences (i.e., absorption in just one LOS) are found homogeneously in the range 0.2−30 h−1 70 kpc. For coincidences, ∆Wr increases with transverse separation but after 3 − 4 h−1 70 kpc the trend reverses. These results indicate that weak systems are more patchy or smaller than strong ones. To estimate transverse sizes, I have used two likelihood methods. The first one considers the absorption systems as spheres or disks with a uniform distribution of gas. This method yields R ∼ 10 and 14 h−1 70 kpc for weak and strong systems, respectively. The second likelihood method uses the individual equivalent widths and assumes the equivalent width varies with impact parameter, i.e. Wr = Wr(r). For Wr(r), I tested a power law and a logarithmic function. The logarithmic function seems to be in better agreement with the data for both strong and weak systems. The second method yields R ∼ 20 and 40 h−1 70 kpc for weak and strong systems, respectively. Thus, both methods yield smaller sizes for weak population. These sizes are much smaller than estimates using just the frequency of systems, dN dz . Combining the results of models and observations suggests that size estimation of strong MgII systems is consistent with the assumed distribution of gas, while for weak systems the resulted sizes from the likelihood analysis seem to be overestimated. In conclusion, weak systems are predicted to be smaller (3 − 4 h−1 70 kpc) and more patchy than strong systems.


In this article short stories of the civil legislation on annual interest rates as to a payment for use of money are analyzed. The author states the judgments concerning the optimality offered by the legislator of a design of annual interest rates and the mechanism of their application in liabilities.


SUMMARY Decline in crop yield has been a major problem in Northern Guinea savanna zones of Nigeria due to inherent low fertility status of the soils. Field experiments were conducted for two years (2003 and 2004) on an Alfisol of the Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the effect of N fertilizer on growth and yield parameters of sunflower. Six rates of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha -1 ) were applied. Plant height and number of leaves were highly significant 10 weeks after planting (WAP). Highest plant heights of 120 and 138 cm were obtained in 2003 and 2004, respectively, at 120 kg N ha -1 . Application of N significantly increased seed and oil yields while excess N (150 kg N ha -1 ) reduced the contents of the two parameters. Optimum N requirement of sunflower obtained from this study is between 90 and 100 kg N ha -1 .


This paper examines reduplication processes in Kipsigis dialect. Reduplication is a common feature in most of the world's languages. However since languages belong to different families the morphological process occurs differently. Kipsigis, being a Nilo-Saharan language with its own features of a language, the curent paper sought to investigate the nature of the repetition mechanism in Kipsigis language. This paper applies Morphological Doubling Theory by Inkelas and Zoll (2005, 2007). The study used common Kipsigis words particularly in the open categories of speech. The study focused on morphological reduplication. The study employed descriptive research design. A sample size of 50 participants was used as respondents in the study. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants. The data was also collected through natural observation, interviews and focus group as the research instruments. The data was analyzed qualitatively. The study found that reduplication is a common feature in Kipsigis dialect. Kipsigis speakers use Kipsigis dialect for various reasons such as iconicity, emphasis,caution and intensification. Thus, this paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing body of knowledge on Kipsigis dialect. The study therefore, makes a contribution in Morphology, and syntax and is necessary for language planning.


We conducted this study to analyze and examine the influence of earnings management and firm value on firm performance. We also use the variable good corporate governance as a moderating variable to test both. The proxy used for earnings management is the modified jones, firm value using Tobins'Q, financial performance with Return on Assets (ROA), and the GCG proxy taken by researchers, namely the audit committee. The research uses a descriptive method using multiple linear regression analysis test equipment. Data collection was carried out using secondary data on food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. From the withdrawal of the target population, only 14 companies were obtained that met the criteria. The results of this study indicate that the company's value partially does not affect the company's financial performance, but earnings management affects the company's performance; earnings management moderated by good corporate governance affects the company's financial performance and firm value.


This paper presented an experimental study on condensation in two horizontal microchannel condensers (M1 and M2) with different substrate and channel lengths. The mass flow rate of steam and pressure drop affected to oscillation of condensati on profile, beginning condensation point, and performa nce index. Moreover, heat transfer rate of model M1 was higher than that of model M2 at the same flow rate or pressure drop of steam. The heat transfer rate of 1 64 W was achieved for the model M1 at inlet vapor temper ature of 101.9 C. Besides, the pressure drop obtained from the microchannel condenser M1 was lower than that obtained from the microchannel condenser M2: at mas s flow rate of 0.0264 g/s, the pressure drop of M1 wa s 1,257 Pa while the pressure drop of M2 was 6,105 Pa . In addition, the performance index decreased as rising mass flow rate of steam for both condensers. With the microchannel condenser M1, the performance index wa s decreasing from 0.053 W/Pa to 0.038 W/Pa as varying mass flow rate of steam from 0.0264 g/s to 0.0314 g /s. The performance indexes decreased linearly for both condensers. Keywords— Condensation, heat transfer, microchannel, pressure drop, temperature.


e14108Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used for adjuvant therapy of breast cancer which has resulted in noteworthy improvements in disease-free and overall survival, however toxicities of...


This study report aimed at identifying the concept of corporate governance and its impact on corporation's strategies successes. Also this report addresses corporate governance and its effect on corporate performance and economic performance. It then goes on to address some of the underlying factors that promote efficient corporate governance, and examines some of the strengths, weaknesses, and economic implications associated with various corporate governance systems.It first recapitulates and builds on previous work undertaken in achieving corporations strategic goals and objectives through reviewing two case studies in Jordan environment; Nuqul Group and Accelerator Technology Holding Company. The study report has revealed that corporate governance is widely adopted and enacted in Jordan laws and regulations. Besides that, most of sectors are complying with the principals of corporate governance according to OECD and International Fund Monetary (IFM).


Background & aims: Mental disorders are today the major diagnosis behind newly granted disability pensions (DP) in the Western world. Yet, studies of risk factors for DP due to mental diagnoses are scarce, are often based on small or selective samples, and have a crosssectional design, or short follow-up. Moreover, previous studies of this topic, based on unrelated individuals, have not been able to account for familial confounding (i.e., genetic and shared environmental factors), which is an issue that can be handled by investigating a population-based twin cohort. The aims were to study risk factors for DP (in general, and due to mental diagnoses), and to consider whether familial confounding explained any associations found. The following kinds of risk factors were investigated: socio-demographic (Study I & II), work(Study III), and health-related (Study IV). Further, sex differences in relation to occurrence of DP and socio-demographic factors were considered (Study I & II). Methods: Prospective cohort studies were conducted, using twins identified in the Swedish Twin Registry (STR) (N=55 875; 51% women). To the twin cohort, information of DP, including diagnoses, and other background factors was linked from national registries. Survey data on self-rated health (SRH), health behaviours, etc. were also available in the STR. Logistic regression or Cox proportional hazards regression models were conducted for the whole cohort and for discordant twin pairs. Results: The average annual prevalence of DP from 1992 to 2007 was 10%. The incidence rate of DP for the period 1993 to 2008 was 1.4%. There were significant sex differences in both occurrence of DP and in the socio-demographic risk factors for prevalent and future DP (Study I & II). Female sex, and older age (≥45) were found to be associated with risk of prevalent or future DP, irrespective of extent and diagnosis (Study I & II). Low educational level (≤12 years), being unmarried, and living outside the capital Stockholm were associated with increased risk of prevalent or future DP in general, independent of familial confounding (Study I & II). High educational level (≥12 years), being unmarried, living in Gothenburg & Malmö region, not being self-employed and having high SES were associated with risk of DP due to mental diagnoses, independent of familial confounding. Each one unit increase in job demands, and working in 'health care & social work' or 'service & military work', were found to increase the risk of DP due to mental diagnoses, while each one unit increase in job control decreased the risk of such DP, independent of familial confounding and other background factors (Study III). Poor or moderate SRH, underor overweight, former use of tobacco products, and abstention from alcohol increased the risk of DP due to mental diagnoses, independent of familial confounding and other background factors (Study IV). Conclusions: The socio-demographic risk factors of future DP, and the influence of familial confounding on the associations, tended to vary between DP in general, and DP due to mental diagnoses. Some workand health-related factors, e.g., job control and SRH, seem to be strong direct (i.e. being independent from familial confounding) predictors of future DP due to mental diagnoses. However, indications exist that some associations between risk factors, e.g., social support and leisure-time physical activity, and DP due to mental diagnoses may be influenced by familial factors.


Abstract Understanding factors that influence attraction of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to objects can lead to development of more sensitive traps for fly detection. Here, the objective was to determine if differences in attractiveness between two sticky yellow rectangle traps to western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, depend on ambient light intensity and direction. The translucent plastic Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) was compared with the less translucent yellow cardboard Alpha Scents (AS). Flies were released inside a box or cage opposite a trap or traps illuminated from outside at different intensities to generate variable light passage. Regardless of type, the trap with greatest light passage was most attractive. When the same light intensity was shone on both traps, the YSS, which allowed greater light passage, was more attractive than the AS. When the light was inside a cage and shone onto the two traps in the same direction as approaching flies, the AS reflected more light and was more attractive. A field experiment generally supported light passage effects seen in the laboratory. Results suggest trap placement with respect to sunlight intensity and direction affects light passage and the attractiveness of yellow traps to R. indifferens.


One of the problems in Indonesian constitutionality is the issue of implementation, several questions arose when the Constitutional Court decision Number 30 / PUU-XVI / 2018 was issued. In this decision, the Constitutional Court expanded the phrase "other work" as contained in Article 182 letter l of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. Then, this also becomes a problem when someone submits a judicial review of the general election commission regulations regarding the prohibition of political party functionaries from running as members of the Regional Representative Council. Regarding this, the Supreme Court Decision 65P / Hum / 2018 emerged, which in its decision contradicts the previously published and binding Constitutional Court Decision. The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of the Constitutional Court Decision. The method used by the author is an approach method based on main raw materials, examining matters relating to principles, conceptions, doctrines, and the legal system by using secondary data. The result of the research conducted by the author is that the difference in these decisions creates legal uncertainty and contradicts the theory of erga omnes which requires legal awareness from various parties.


Abstract A mixing gas photoacoustic signal is regarded as a weighted sum of feature absorptions by the spacing between adjacent feature wavelengths. A promising technique, employing feature extraction based on blind source separation, is used to demonstrate the extraction of features with hidden within the sampled data and the inverse of content for the detected gas. This photoacoustic signal measurement based on second harmonic has been established to detect multi-spectrum signal in samples from breath ammonia detection in high concentration of CO2 and H2O at atmospheric pressure. The simulation results of data from a real-time experimental with probed by a second harmonic show an improved detection limit of NH3 in simulated breath samples from the 16 ppb to 10 ppb under a higher analysis accuracy and signal to noise ratio. The procedure can process any detectable gas sample with a "transient shape" feature absorption.


Banana has various benefits for health. One local variety of banana is candi banana (Musa paradisiaca). The aim of this research was to study the content of the bioactive compounds of phenolics, flavonoids, tannin, carotenoids and the antioxidant activity of extract ethanol and ethyl acetate of candi banana. Powdered candi banana was extracted using ethanol and ethyl acetate in an ultrasonic bath. The results showed that the content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and carotenoids in ethanol extract were 58.76 ± 3.19 mg/kg, 416.08 ± 18.79 mg/kg, 209.83 ± 15.87 mg/kg and 74.55 ± 4.31 mg/kg, respectively. The content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannin and carotenoids in ethyl acetate extract were 0.83 ± 0.12 mg/kg, 4.31 ± 0.66 mg/kg, 49.97 ± 2.43 mg/kg and 304.40 ± 16.62 mg/kg. While the antioxidant activity (IC50) of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate were 3374.13 ± 123.46 ppm and 40318.19 ± 1014.90 ppm. This research showed that type of solvents of ethanol and ethyl acetate affected the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of candi banana. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of ethyl acetate extract. It showed that ethanol was a better solvent than ethyl acetate to extract bioactive compounds in candi banana.


Abstract A new method for generating tensorial derivatives of tensor functions is proposed. The method is based on the use of tensors as absolute entities along with the advantages offered by their decomposition on an orthonormal base.


A hot melt composition for forming flowed-in closure liners or gaskets having a viscosity and resulting flow properties suitable for use in high speed, liner forming operations. The composition comprises between 20 and 55 percent of a thermoplastic elastomer chosen from the group consisting of block copolymers of the type having the general formula A-B-A or of the type having a plurality of chains of the general formula B-A radiating from a central hub. A is a thermoplastic segment, preferably polystyrene, and B is an elastomeric segment, preferably polybutadiene, polyisoprene, or polyethylene-butylene. The other ingredients in the composition may be extenders, antioxidants, fillers, pigments, lubricants, etc. as desired.


Manizales is a tropical Andean city in Colombia that has obtained outstanding achievements in the continuous and effective monitoring of the air quality. This article describes the air-quality monitoring system of Manizales and its corresponding data center, which is a system designed to perform a periodic vigilance of the concentration of the main air contaminants. The structure of one data warehouse is explained, along with the components of monitoring networks, equipments, and technological tools and processes that allow the acquisition, storage, processing, and analysis of the air-quality data.


High-resolution beam telescopes for charged particle tracking are one of the most important and equally demanding infrastructure items at test beam facilities. The main purpose of beam telescopes is to provide precise reference track information of beam particles to measure the performance of a device under test (DUT). In this report the development of the ADENIUM beam telescope (ALPIDE sensor based DESY Next test beam Instrument) as a demonstrator and prototype for a next-generation beam telescope is presented. The ADENIUM beam telescope features up to six pixelated reference planes framed by plastic scintillators for triggering. ADENIUM is capable of replacing the currently used EUDET-type beam telescopes without impacting existing DUT implementations due to the integration of the telescope DAQ into EUDAQ2. In this report the concept and design of the ADENIUM telescope as well as its performance are discussed. The telescope's pointing resolution is determined in different configurations. For an optimal setup at a momentum of 5.6 GeV with an ALPIDE as DUT, a resolution better than 3 μm has been extracted. No rate limitations have been observed at the DESY II test beam.


Objective To investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in retina after severe corneal alkali burn,and its relationship with apoptosis. Methods 72 rat models(152 eyes) of severe corneal alkali burn was induced with natrium hydroxydatum.Normal rats were used as control.Immunohistochemical method was used for the expression of iNOS at different times.The iNOS level was also measured by colorimeter and the retinal apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL method. Results The expression of iNOS were negative in the control group.The quantity of iNOS in the retina gradually increased from 1 to 7 days after burn,then decreased to normal level in 30 days.which has a significant difference with the control groups(P0.05).The TUNEL positive cells were found in ganglion cells layer on the 3rd,7th and 15th days.It attained vertex on the 7th day group,which has significant difference with other groups(P0.01). Conclusion There was apoptosis in retina after severe corneal alkali burn,which maybe associated with the expression of iNOS.


Background Abnormal activation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been found in synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inhibition of Shh signaling pathway suppresses the proliferation and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA-FLS). However, the mechanism how Shh signaling promotes tumor-like behavior of RA-FLS is not well elucidated. Objectives In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Shh on p38 MAP kinase signaling and hypothesized that Shh promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of RA-FLS via p38-MAPK signaling. Methods Cultured RA-FLSs were treated with Smoothened agonist (SAG) or IL-1β combined with Smoothened antagonist (Cyclopamine). The levels of phosphorylation of p38, its upstream kinases including TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1), MKK3, MKK6 and downstream target MAPKAPK2 (MK-2) were determined by western blot. The functional state of p38 was determined using in vitro kinase assay. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit -8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were performed by Transwell assay. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase proteins (MMPs), IL-6 and IL-8 was examined by real-time PCR. Results SAG rapidly increased phosphorylation of p38, TAK1, MKK3, MKK6 and MK2 in RA-FLS and combination of SAG and p38 inhibitor significantly decreased the phosphorylation of these kinases (P<0.01). Inhibition of Shh significantly decreased the levels of phosphorylation of p38, TAK1, MKK3, MKK6 and MK2 in IL-1β stimulated RA-FLS (P<0.05). In vitro kinase assay showed that stimulation of SAG significantly increased the kinase activity, and the kinase activity was inhibited by p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, SAG increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion and production of MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, IL-6 and IL-8. However, these enhanced activities of RA-FLS were inhibited in the presence of p38 inhibitor. Conclusion The study indicates that Shh is associated with activation of p38 MAPK signaling in RA-FLS and Shh may promote the tumor-like behavior of RA-FLS via p38 signaling. Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571584, 81701609). Disclosure of Interests None declared


This report provides data and information needed to support the risk and impact assessments of high-level waste (HLW) management alternatives in the U.S. Department of Energy Waste Management (WM) Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS). Available data on the physical form, chemical and isotopic composition, storage locations, and other waste characteristics of interest are presented. High-level waste management follows six implementation phases: current storage, retrieval, pretreatment, treatment, interim canister storage, and geologic repository disposal; pretreatment, treatment, and repository disposal are outside the scope of the WM PEIS. Brief descriptions of current and planned HLW management facilities are provided, including information on the type of waste managed in the facility, costs, product form, resource requirements, emissions, and current and future status. Data sources and technical and regulatory assumptions are identified. The range of HLW management alternatives (including decentralized, regionalized, and centralized approaches) is described. The required waste management facilities include expanded interim storage facilities under the various alternatives. Resource requirements for construction (e.g., land and materials) and operation (e.g., energy and process chemicals), work force, costs, effluents, design capacities, and emissions are presented for each alternative.


The invention relates to a method for coiling winding, wherein via control system, it uses coiling machine to coil lines for N parallel winding layers alternatively arranged; the coil number of N winding is less than N-1 layer; at the last layer, the initial position is translated backwards, while the distance is at least one winding diameter; there are three contact points between windings. The invention has three contact points to improve the adhesive force, and the edge line will not be protruded, to avoid loosing lines.


Based on analyzing the shape of CNC machine tool controllers,dealing with form,layout of panel and the match relationship between controller and machine tool by investigating and taking the statistics on controllers which mainly used in machine tool industry in doors and abroad.Presents the form-selected principles of controllers according to use,function,and classification of CNC machine tool controllers,which could be applied as technical references.


A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network consisting of small, inexpensive, low-powered sensor motes that communicate to complete a common task. Motes in WSNs are characterized by having limited communication and computation capabilities, energy and storage. WSNs often have a self-organizing structure with a large number of motes. The area of application includes surveillance, environmental and habitat monitoring, structural monitoring, medical diagnostics, asset tracking, etc. Sensor motes are often deployed in hostile environments, causing a need for encrypting and authenticating message sent between them. In the WSN scenario an adversary can not only eavesdrop or tamper the messages sent between motes, but may also physical capture motes to receive their stored data or secret keys. There are many known methods for securing communication between motes in a WSN. Most of these methods assume that at least one key is shared between a communicating pair of motes. Getting a shared secret key between a pair of motes is not trivial so this is where our focus will be in this paper. More specific, we will try to find and implement an optimized key distribution scheme that can be used to achieve authenticated communication in a WSN used for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In section 2 we give a survey of key distribution schemes for WSNs. In section 3 we list the best known secure communication protocols for WSNs. In section 4 we describe the SHM scenario, appropriate key distribution schemes and secure communication protocols for this. In section 5 and 6 we describe and evaluate our implementation of a chosen session key establishment protocol. In section 7 we conclude the work done.


The present invention relates to peptides, their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, and cosmetic pain containing the salts and pharmaceutically acceptable for and / or inflammatory therapeutic composition having at least one of the formula R The invention also relates to peptides, their stereoisomers, mixtures thereof, and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and cosmetics having the formula (I) for use in pain and / or inflammation.


Hypothesis / aims of study Epidemiological studies have shown that both overweight and obesity are important risk factors for the development of urinary incontinence (1). Obesity may act through the added weight that presses on pelvic tissues, causing chronic strain, stretching and weakening of muscles, nerves and other structures of the pelvic floor (1). There are few data referring to weight loss effect on the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) contractile ability and on the evolution of long-term urinary incontinence. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of weight loss on the urinary incontinence (UI) and the contractile capacity of the PFM, and to identify predictive variables associated with eventual improvement of UI.


In this paper, the effectiveness of principal-component regression in the forecasting of spring season water yield was investigated. A general model building scheme was adopted to aid in model development. A detailed residual analysis, adoption of split-sampling, analysis of the rationality of regression coefficients, and the analysis of the indicators of the relative importance of the independent/predictor variables were performed. Models developed by the regression of principal-components proved superior to the models derived by the traditional regression techniques. The study was applied to a multi-reservoir hydro-electric system in the Saguenay-Lac St-Jean region of Quebec, Canada.


with my own clinical experience. It is also germane to the experiences of many supervisees, who are only too often disheartened by such a question from a patient in response to what has seemed to be a thoughtful, careful analytic intervention. Dermen explores the patient's use of evasion—what Bion theorized as the infant's (and infant–mother pair's) inability to tolerate frustration. In Dermen's view, such tolerance is crucial to the capacity to bear emotional experience, including that evoked by an analytic interpretation. Those who cannot bear emotional experience often wind up asking, "But what do I do with this?" Dermen exposes this query as part of an instrumental approach to analysis and to emotional experience more generally. At its best, Independent Psychoanalysis Today yields strong comparisons between the Independent tradition and those it arose in relation to. It offers several beautiful clinical papers that illustrate the workings of the Independents. LYNNE ZEAVIN (NEW YORK)


Abstract This paper represents an attempt to understand the experience of someone living with a major mental disorder. It begins with a brief description of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (World Health Organization 2001), which will be used as a framework for understanding how a health condition can affect a person's lif.The ICF will then be used to structure an account of an individual living with depression. The paper concludes with some reflections on how services are delivered and the effect that this can have on how a person manages her or his health condition.


This paper proposes an FPGA-based sliding-mode controller for scaled bilateral teleoperation. The control algorithm is derived by using the sliding-mode-control-based design approach. The applied design procedure replaces a discontinuous control with a continuous one. Thus, it guarantees chattering-free performance whilst retaining practical robustness regarding disturbances and provides easy model-free implementation. A high control rate is strongly required in order to achieve high-performance scaled bilateral teleoperation. Hence, the control algorithm is implemented by the FPGA. In order to design a sufficient logic circuit for the FPGA, general optimization approaches are presented that aim to minimize hardware resources and to optimize the control rate. The design applies high-level programming language (LabVIEW) for rapid prototyping. The presented algorithms were validated by the 2-DoF laboratory bilateral teleoperation system.


Conflict resolution is a key problem in research of model refactoring,while the majority of researchers focus on conflicts detection.Conflict resolution is usually performed manually after being analyzed known conflicts.Three cate-gories of conflicts could be resolved which include conflict of parallel applications of the same rule,symmetric conflict and asymmetric conflict.This paper concentrated on automating conflicts resolution so as to realize the automatic model refactoring.This method provides an integrated algorithm based on manual analysis of three categories of conflicts.The basic automatic resolution algorithm within refactoring according to the cause of the conflicts (the application of either the same rule or the different ones),divides the conflicts and then resolves them correspondingly.This algorithm could preliminarily realize the automatic resolution of conflicts mentioned which are caused by the parallel application of refactoring rules.


This work was aimed at finding the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from the whole plant of Thymus vulgaris Linn. The essential oil was extracted using Clevenger's apparatus. Twenty four compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Thymol was characterized as the major constituent, followed by 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid among the volatile constituents. The antibacterial activity of the oil was tested against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, Employing standard bacterial strains and Clinical isolates. Well cut method was adopted and the oil was found to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and four clinical isolates viz., Proteus mirabilis from pus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from throat swab, methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus from pus and Escherichia coli from sputum.


Teaching resources greatly influence on the correct application of performance skills and the methodology used in the classroom for students in the basic education. Today it is common to speak of the quality of education in our country, stating that clarification notice as the Ministry of Education has been concerned about the academic infrastructure of educational institutions and train teachers and students in technology innovation making use of resources and materials according to local and social context. It is necessary that through methods, techniques and tools, skills, abilities and attitudes in students achieve meaningful learning where resources are a bridge to facilitate knowledge develops. This research was made an effort to meet current educational resources and their relationship with students, if properly handled by the teacher, correctly perceived by students. Also through the use of such a contextualized education where learning for life and not for the moment is achieved by making use of these resources as needed.


While the literature on Europeanization has exhibited considerable awareness of the methodological challenge of establishing causal relations between non‐binding EU stimuli and domestic change, less work has been done on how this challenge might be met. This article contributes to the literature's attempts to meet this challenge by: 1) reformulating four explanations of Europeanization based on four distinct causal mechanisms (instrumental learning, social learning, naming and shaming and peer pressure); 2) specifying their observable implications for three intervening steps between EU stimuli and change in national policy (the definition of the policy problem, the alternative courses of action considered and the manner in which they were assessed); 3) defending process tracing against critiques of its usefulness for research on Europeanization; and 4) providing practical guidelines on how process tracing can be used to test these four explanations empirically, using examples from employment policy, where non‐binding EU stimuli feature most prominently.


The Biggest Problem we Face in the US: Obesity
Studies show 70% of the US population is either overweight or obese. These staggering numbers have shot up since the non/low fat revolution where sadly sugar intake has doubled. For the first time in history, our children (the next generation) will not out live the current generation. 35% of our children are now overweight and this number grows daily. Studies also show over 600,000 people die a month in this country due to heart disease, cancer and diabetes. I have been a bodybuilder for 33 years and always had a passion for a healthy lifestyle.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a position fixed working surfaces to a method and apparatus for cleaning using ultrasound, one or more ultrasonic oscillator (1), ultrasonic transducer and (2), which comprises from the one or more substantially flat-formed sonotrode (3), in this case, is formed on the fluid cushion is limited by the sealing lip system (8,9) , sonotrode and (3) units consisting ultrasound transducer (2) an oscillator (1) can be movably guided over the working surfaces to be cleaned.


Toe tip necrosis syndrome in calves Abortions in embryo recipient gimmers associated with Paecilomyces variotii Amyloidosis secondary to dosing gun injury in a ewe Rhinitis and middle ear infection in pigs Fungal pneumonia in a duck These are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for January 2017 from SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services (SAC C VS)


Dear Readers,Happy Summer Holidays for all of us up in the Northern Hemisphere.  While we are basking in the warmth of sunny days our friends in Australia are buying winter clothes. How strange is this world! And stranger are the creations who are supposed to look after all other organic and inorganic objects in this planet and maybe beyond. The simple virtues of ethical and value based behavior is often forgotten when we are focus on getting the best for ourselves without thinking or respecting the rights of others. The case of ethics in publication is not any different. We have few papers this issue but they are of extreme value and relevance:


Citation: Ustundag, A., & Dogan, O. (2021). A content analysis of TV series/shows watched by the secondary and high school students in Turkey. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, 63, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2020-0040 ABSTRACT This study aimed to review TV series/shows' content watched by teenagers in Turkey. The content of ten television shows with the highest ratings and popularity among teenagers between 10-14 and 15-18 were examined in terms of physical development (psychomotor and sexual development), cognitive/perceptual development, social/emotional development, language development, and other developmental issues such as violence, consumer culture, role modeling, family structure, and values. It was a descriptive study employing the content analysis method. The study data were collected using a "Content Evaluation Form for Children Shows." The findings revealed that TV shows mainly affected social and emotional development areas. They also reflected issues surrounding violence, cognitive/perceptual development, and role modeling. However, the influence of those shows on physical development was not significant.


Quantum dot nanostructures are one of the best practical examples of emerging nanotechnologies hence offering superior properties as compared to their quantum well counterparts. InAs/GaAs quantum dots allow producing energy- and cost-efficient devices with outstanding temperature stability, lowest threshold current, ultrafast gain dynamics, and low amplified spontaneous emission. This paper reports on the recent achievements in ultrafast and nonlinear dynamics properties of InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers for radar systems, wireless communications and high-speed optical communications. Passive mode-locking is shown to exhibit a great potential for microwave, millimeter-wave and Terahertz signal generation with high repetition frequency tuning and jitter reduction. The optical feedback is also used to stabilize the pulse emission leading an integrated timing jitter as low as 90 fs without consuming additional power. Lastly, multimode optical feedback dynamics of InAs/GaAs QD lasers emitting on different lasing states is also studied. In particular, a chaos free operation is observed for the first time from the ground state lasing operation.


Let $B$ be an unknown linear evolution process on $\mathbb C^d\simeq l^2(\mathbb Z_d)$ driving an unknown initial state $x$ and producing the states $\{B^\ell x, \ell = 0,1,\ldots\}$ at different time levels. The problem under consideration in this paper is to find as much information as possible about $B$ and $x$ from the measurements $Y=\{x(i)$, $Bx(i)$, $\dots$, $B^{\ell_i}x(i): i \in \Omega\subset \mathbb Z^d\}$. If $B$ is a "low-pass" convolution operator, we show that we can recover both $B$ and $x$, almost surely, as long as we double the amount of temporal samples needed in \cite{ADK13} to recover the signal propagated by a known operator $B$. For a general operator $B$, we can recover parts or even all of its spectrum from $Y$. As a special case of our method, we derive the centuries old Prony's method \cite{BDVMC08, P795, PP13} which recovers a vector with an $s$-sparse Fourier transform from $2s$ of its consecutive components.


A 23-year-old man with a typical trichilemmal cyst nevus is reported. This recently described disorder is sufficiently characteristic to differentiate it from sebaceous nevus, nevus comedonicus, porokeratotic eccrine nevus, nevus corniculatus, follicular basaloid hamartoma, Munro's nevus and Gardner's syndrome.


Over the course of his distinguished career, one of the central focus points in the work of Judge James Crawford was the role for the International Court of Justice in multilateral disputes and those engaging community norms. There are two judicial procedures in respect of which the multilateral or communitarian nature of the dispute is particularly contentious: standing, and intervention. This paper considers the Court's most recent jurisprudence in respect of these procedures, with particular attention paid to Crawford's own engagement with this field as both a scholar and Judge.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate platelet count/ splenic size ratio as a non-invasive parameter to predict the presence and absence of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of liver.

DESIGN
An observational, cross- sectional study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
The medical units of the Civil Hospital, Karachi, between October 2003 and October 2004.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
During one year of study, one hundred and thirteen (113) patients with cirrhosis of liver were studied. These patients were evaluated for the cause of chronic liver disease, ascites and splenic size by abdominal ultrasound, serum proteins and albumin, prothrombin time, complete blood count including platelet count and liver functions test. All the patients had upper GI endoscopy to determine if they had esophageal varices and were classified according to Child s-Pugh classification. It was determined if the platelet count/ splenic size ratio between the two groups was different and its relation to the presence or absence of esophageal varices was noted.

RESULTS
Of the one hundred and thirteen (113) patients included in the study, 35(31%) were female and 78(69%) male. The mean age of these patients was 37.1(+/- 14.85) years. Thirty-eight patients had HBsAg, 59 had anti-HCV antibodies, 8 patients had both HbsAg and anti-HCV antibodies and the cause of cirrhosis in 8 patients was indeterminate. Fifty patients had ascites. Of 113 patients, 15(13.27%) were classified as Child s Pugh class A, 68(60.18%) in class B and 30(26.55%) in class C. Sixty-six (58.4%) patients had esophageal varices on upper GI endoscopy while 47(41.6%) had no endoscopic evidence of esophageal varices. The ratio between platelet count/ splenic size was found to be significantly (p < 0.001) different between patients who had esophageal varices and those who did not.

CONCLUSION
Platelet count/splenic size ratio is an important and an independent parameter associated with the presence of esophageal varices.


This invention provides a lens barrel and lens barrel system. A lens barrel comprises a first frame member having a plurality of cam grooves, a second frame member having a first cam follower and a second cam follower fitted to the plurality of cam grooves, respectively, and an external contact member projecting externally from the end surface of the second frame member, having a center axis along a direction which the second frame member extends, in the direction of the center axis in a region sandwiched between a first plane including the center axis and the first cam follower and a second plane including the center axis and the second cam follower adjacent to the first cam follower. If the lens barrel fall off, the wallop is partaked by the first frame follower and the second cam follower, so can prevent said rame followers copulate disengaging and damage.


In this note, the independence of X and S2 is proved without the prerequisite knowledge of differential calculus. The purpose is to compensate for the lack of a text in applied statistics that proves the independence of such statistics.


It is not uncommon to encounter gas hydrate problems in the oil industry. Gas clathrate hydrates could form at low subsea temperatures and high pressure and serve as nuisance by blocking flowlines and reducing production capacity. It may form in subsea production facilities such as wellheads, jumper sections and risers during shut-in, start-up and steady-state conditions. Preventive methods employed include heating and chemical inhibition but these turn out to be progressively uneconomical, thus application of time-dependent kinetics is essential to manage production operations. This paper seeks to remediate this challenge by utilizing thermal transient analysis and nucleation kinetics to estimate the time of onset of gas hydrates in production systems. The induction time was estimated using empirical models and compared to flow loop tests results. The laws of heat transfer for an unsteady state system were applied to develop a temperature decline model specific to a subsea installation. The hydrate formation equilibrium condition was predicted from existing correlations that fit experimental results. A sensitivity analysis was done to study the effects of key parameters affecting the prediction model for the formation of gas hydrate in the field studied. This technique was applied to a subsea system in an offshore field. The induction time estimate corroborated flow loop test results < 10 minutes. However, nucleation phase is random and probabilistic distribution was used to define confidence levels. The thermal transient model was modified to fit the system using relative error analysis, and applied to the same system at different shut-in periods and consistency was observed at an average relative error of 0.001%. The results showed that hydrate formation could begin within 12 hours for an uninhibited system. The key parameters affecting the kinetics of the onset of gas hydrate formation during shut-in are but not limited to operating pressure, operating temperature, initial temperature, cooling rate, as well as induction time. iv Prediction of Onset of Gas Hydrate Formation in Offshore Operations