Has an academic field of study ever burdened itself with as much ambition as environmental studies? When environmental studies (ES) faculties and departments began to appear in late 1960's, they were immediately saddled with two daunting, if not impossible challenges. First, they would make substantial contributions to saving the planet from the looming and unfolding ecological crisis. Second, they would play instrumental roles in developing something new and different: interdisciplinary approaches to environmental education and research. A key underlying premise was that traditional university programs, with their disciplinary silos and reductionist approaches to science, were more part of the problem than the solution. Notwithstanding this subversive premise, ES departments were compelled, as a matter of course, to make as many inroads as possible, all over the academic map, and inspire radically different approaches. A tall order, to say the very least.


Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, is one of the most common causes of neurological disability among young adults. While the etiology is unknown, an increasing number of environmental and genetic risk factors is being identified. The major contribution to the genetic risk in MS is by alleles of HLA genes, with the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele being the strongest risk factor. At present also more than 100 nonHLA loci have been identified. The main objective of the research presented in this thesis was to study genetic variants and their contribution to MS risk. In Paper I we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorhisms (SNPs) in the region including the IL21 gene, associated with other inflammatory diseases, also contribute to an increased risk for MS. Our results confirmed that this locus does most probably not have a strong effect, if any, on MS risk. In Paper II we studied protein levels of the CXCL13 chemokine as measured in the cerebrospinal fluid in relation to a number of MS-associated genetic variants. We found that the risk genotypes of HLA-DRB1*15:01 as well as SNPs in the regions of the IRF5, OLIG3/TNFAIP3 and RGS1 genes were associated with increased levels of CXCL13 which has also been suggested as a biomarker for a more severe disease course of relapsing-remitting MS. In Paper III we performed an analysis of gene-gene interactions between the currently established risk loci in MS and found three pairs of interacting variants with significant interaction effects that departed from additivity of the separate effects of the single variants. We found interactions between HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, the risk allele of rs6677309 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, as well as the risk allele of rs7196953 and HLA-DRB1*03:01. The findings suggest that these pairs of risk factors are involved in the same sufficient causes for MS. In Paper IV we studied cis-regulation of gene expression by MS associated loci and found several expression quantitative loci in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We replicated some of them in lymphoblastic cell lines, and observed that one of the eQTLs was also active in CD19+, and another in CD4+ cells. Replications and functional experiments are needed in order to take the results presented in this thesis further in the search for biological pathways involved in MS disease mechanisms. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. No evidence of IL21 association with multiple sclerosis in a Swedish population LINDEN M, Nohra R, Sundqvist E, Khademi M, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Kockum I Tissue Antigens 2011 Oct;78(4):271-4 II. Multiple sclerosis risk genotypes correlate with an elevated level of the suggested prognostic biomarker CXCL13 LINDEN M, Khademi M, Lima Bomfim I, Piehl F, Jagodic M, Kockum I*, Olsson T* Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2013 Jun;19(7):863-70 *Authors contributed equally III. Genetic interaction analysis of multiple sclerosis risk loci LINDEN M, Lima Bomfim I, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Kockum I Manuscript IV. Impact of genetic risk loci in multiple sclerosis on expression of proximal genes James T*, LINDEN M*, Huss M, Brandi M, Khademi M, Tegner J, Gomez-Cabrero D, Kockum I˧, Olsson T˧ Manuscript *,˧ Authors contributed equally


Urban intersections,especially grade crossings, are bottlenecks of city road, as well as the locations with more traffic accidents. However,the traditional traffic evaluation methods have some fatal disadvantages. To make up the shortcomings, TCT (traffic conflict technique),a technique with the characteristics of large samples and short-term-assessment, was introduced and applied to evaluate the safety performance of grade crossings. Then, three different kinds of traffic conflict (veh-veh、veh-non-veh and veh-pedestrian) ratios were calculated. Summing the three former conflict ratios together, a comprehensive-traffic-conflict-ratio model was developed. Lastly, to improve its practicability, the new method was applied to a representative intersection in Nanjing as an example and a reasonable safety level was given.


Time-odd interactions in molecules may give rise to a current along the bonds connecting the atoms. In a graph representation of a molecule the analogue of these currents corresponds to directed ed...


To determine the genotypes and zoonotic potentials of G. duodenalis isolates from different populations of domestic dogs in Japan, a total of 114 Giardia positive samples were examined using multilocus genotyping analysis at the 3 loci of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta-giardin (bg), and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi). Although the dog-adapted assemblages C and D were dominant, the zoonotic assemblage A was also demonstrated at a percentage of 23.7% (27/114). The results suggest that canine G. duodenalis isolates in Japan have the potential for zoonotic transmission


South Kalimantan is an area with huge potential as an investment target in the era of the ASEAN Economic Community in leading economic sectors of the region. But not followed by the quality of community competence and capability to compete in the labor market of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). This study aims to determine the things that determine the aspect of workforce in terms of the quality of competence, map of needs, gaps maps to the needs, competency enhancement program, and South Kalimantan workforce readiness. This research uses explanatory research approach with the data collection methods of observation, interviews and questionnaires. Research respondents is the prospective worker consisting of vocational students last semester and the final semester of college students numbered 602 respondents, taking place in Kotabaru district, Tanah Bumbu, Tanah Laut, Banjarmasin city,  Banjarbaru, Banjar, Tabalong and Balangan. Period of implementation of the study lasted for 3 months. The technique in determination of the samples used in this study is proportional purposive random sampling technique. Results of the study data showed that the competitiveness of the prospective employment is still relatively low, skills development program is still not optimal, local workforce needs in the business / industrial world is still at the operational level, labor requirements in businesses world not charted based on competence, high gaps between the needs of labor in the business and labor available, and the employment opportunities relatively available but can not be met by the labor based on required competencies in business world.


The seasonal variation and influence factors of emission of greenhouse gasses (CH4 and N2O) from the different water depths were studied during the growing seasons in a marsh wetland of Sanjiang Plain of China. The results showed that the wetland was a source of both CH4 and N2O during the growing seasons and emissions showed conspicuous temporal and spatial variations. Emission rates of CH4 were higher in July and August while N2O were higher in June and July. The highest average CH4 flux among the four sites was in the water depth at 40cm with a rate of 37.00 mg•m-2•h-1 and the lowest was in the water depth at 0cm with a rate of 8.13 mg•m-2•h-1. While the highest average N2O flux was in the water depth at 0cm with a rate of 0.063 mg•m-2•h-1 and the lowest was in the water depth at 60cm with a rate of 0.034 mg•m-2•h-1. Further analysis indicated that water depth at 40cm and the soil temperature at 5cm were the main factors affecting CH4 emission. Water depths at 0 and 40cm were the main factors affecting N2O emission. Air temperature and surface soil temperature were not the main factors affecting CH4 and N2O emissions.


Experiment was conducted to evaluate used perlite and cellular glass foam (CGF) as medium components. Potted Petunia hybrida 'Orchid Madness' was cultured in media containing various volume ratios of used perlite, CGF, granular rockwool and peatmoss. Particle size of used perlite and CGF was in the range from 2.0 to 4.0 ㎜. A mat subirrigation system was used. Seeds were germinated in a mist bed with an average temperature of 19.3℃ and 66.7% RH, and seedlings were cultured for 60 days at an average temperature of 17.8℃ and 69.1% RH. The pH was very high in CGF (100%). Significant differences were not found in height, chlorophyll concentration and shoot fresh weight. Compared wtih medium of used perlite (25%) + peatmoss (75%), treatments containing CGF didn't have a significant growth difference.


Automatic readability assessment (ARA) aims at classifying the readability level of a passage automatically. In the past, manually selected linguistic features are used to classify the passages. However, as the use of deep neural network surges, there is less work focusing on these linguistic features. Recently, many works integrate linguistic features with pre-trained language model (PLM) to make up for the information that PLMs are not good at capturing. Despite their initial success, insufficient analysis of the long passage characteristic of ARA has been done before. To further investigate the promotion of linguistic features on PLMs in ARA from the perspective of passage length, with commonly used linguistic features and abundant experiments, we find that: (1) Linguistic features promote PLMs in ARA mainly on long passages. (2) The promotion of the features on PLMs becomes less significant when the dataset size exceeds 750 passages. (3) By analyzing commonly used ARA datasets, we find Newsela is actually not suitable for ARA. Our code is available at https://github.com/recorderhou/linguistic-features-in-ARA.


With increasing demands on consumer products, attempts have been made to integrate
all aspects of the product by the use of Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) in product
development work. However, research has shown that this integration often fails to reach
its full potential.

Considering the interdisciplinary interaction between industrial designers and
engineering designers in CFTs, barriers preventing successful cooperation have been
found, but little has been done to offer ways of overcoming them.
The purpose of this study is to analyze New Product Development-projects, focusing on
Industrial Designers and Mechanical Engineers, and the status of their cooperation. The
study aims to present a concrete, implementable proposal showing how the Project
Manager can act to help the disciplines overcome existing barriers and thereby strengthen the cooperation between them.

The study was carried out in three parts:
- Literature studies, with the purpose of creating an overall view of the research area, and, which led to the creation of the study's theoretical frame of reference.
- Status analysis, which, by interviews and observations at a case study company,
showed barriers within the areas of; Holistic view, Perspective, Communication,
Commitment, Trust, Physical setting and Group composition.
- Interpretation of results/Creation of guidelines/methods/tools, resulting in the proposal Agree on terms, with the purpose of stimulating joint discussions, held by the project manager, regarding the product proposition in the early stages of the product
development project. This makes the disciplines share opinions, perspectives and
engage in joint activities at an early stage, which creates a strong holistic view and
assures a high level of cooperation throughout the project.

The proposal Agree on terms is divided into three parts: Brief, Proposition discussion and Pre-Concept Kick-off. However, focus is put on the Proposition discussion, scheduled for an entire day where the key players of the initial phase of the project, the concept study, meet to discuss the product proposition. The outcome of the discussion is a function analysis, providing a hierarchic order with clear definitions of the product's key aspects. The function analysis is inserted into the product's list of requirements and introduced to all members of the project in order to make sure that the holistic view of the product, and the project, is shared and maintained by everyone throughout the entire project.


Upon being released from the N‐terminal domain (NTD), the C‐terminal domain (CTD) switches from α‐helix conformation to β‐barrel conformation, which converts RfaH from a transcription factor into an activator of translation. The α→β conformational change may be viewed as allosteric transition. We use molecular dynamics simulations of coarse‐grained off‐lattice model to study the thermal folding of NTD, CTD, RfaH and the allosteric transition in CTD. The melting temperatures from the specific heat profiles indicate that the β‐barrel conformation is much more stable than the α‐helix conformation. Two helices in α‐helix conformation have similar thermodynamic stabilities and the melting temperatures for β sheets show slight dispersion. Under the interaction with NTD, CTD is greatly stabilized and the cooperativity for thermal folding is also significantly improved. The α→β allosteric transition can be approximately described by a two‐state model and three parallel pathways are identified. The transition state ensemble, quantified by a Tanford β‐like parameter, resembles the α‐helix and β‐barrel conformations almost to the same extent. Proteins 2015; 83:1582–1592. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Many issues combine for consideration when speaking of Bell's Inequalities: nonlocality, realism, hidden variables, incompatible measures, wave function collapse, other. Each of these issues then may be viewed from several viewpoints: historical, theoretical, physical, experimental, statistical, communicational, cryptographical, and mathematical. From the mathematical viewpoint, much of the Bell theory is ``just geometry''.


The pyrolysis of 1,2-dichloroethane is catalyzed by hydrogen bromide over the temperature range 299-350°C in reaction vessels seasoned with the pyrolysis products of allyl bromide. The reaction is of the first-order in substrate (initial pressures, 20-210 mm) and of zero-order in catalyst (initial pressures, 7-380 mm). The rate coefficient is expressible as k1= 1.3 × 1010 exp(–37 600/RT) s–1. A small decrease in rate is caused by an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the reaction vessel. The reaction is complex and formally possible homogeneous radical-chain mechanisms are unsatisfactory. An interaction between the allyl bromide "carbon" surface and hydrogen bromide may produce a supply of bromine atoms which promote the radical-chain decomposition of 1,2-dichloroethane.


This report presents retrospective analysis of 215(median age 21 years; male 75 percent) adult ALL patients alt AIIMS from 1975 to 1991. Pre-treatment characteristics revealed higher proportion of T-ALL(51 percent) mediastinal mass(20 percent), CNS disease(12 percent) and high WBC count of more than 50,000/uul(37 percent). Consistent improvemtn in remission rate as well as 5 year survival over 2 decades coincided with modifications in therapy. With 2 drug induction, inconsisteent CNS prophylaxis and oral maintenance, remission rate of 52 percent and 5 year survival of 17 percent was observed (from 1975-1980). Addition of third drug to induction therapy increased remission rate to 57 percent and 5 year survival to 23 percent(statistically insignificant improvement). Consistent CNS prophylaxis, improvements in support therapy as well as addition of early intensification from 1989 onwards, resulted in remission rate of 90 percent and expected five year survival of 33 percent. Remission duration, however, has remained unchanged. Indian patients though younger in age may be at higher risk of relapse due to high leukemic burden at presentation. Innovative approaches to further improve their outcome are required.


Because of some problems as unsuitable section of the members during the design and construction, some m embers of the structure of a newly-built hospital hall do not meet the design requirements. An overall structural identification and structural reinforcemen t design is carried out for the structure of the hospital. According to the resu l ts of computation and combining the field tests of materials and structural perf ormance, the structural reinforcement design have been presented to the components which do not meet the requirements. A detailed analysis and comparison on the strengthening methods using external prestressing ways is provided. At last, the structural strengthening design is brought forward for the structure.


Phenological development stage at the first harvest affects seasonal dry matter production of some grass species. This field experiment was done to determine the effect first harvest phenological stage has on seasonal dry matter production of eight grasses under irrigation on the Central High Plains. Grasses were 'Latar' orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Fawn' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Regar' bromegrass (Brontus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.), 'Manchar' bromegrass (B. inermis Leyss.), 'Gamson' creeping foxtail (Alopecurusarundinaceus Poir.), meadow foxtail (A. pratensis L.), 'Luna' pubescent wheatgrass Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt.], and 'Greenar' intermediate wheatgrass p. intermedium (Host) Beauv.]. Soil of the study area was an Altvan fine sandy clay loam, an Aridic Argiustoll. First harvests of the grasses were made at the vegetative, boot-heading, and anthesis stages of development. In 24 species by year combinations, dry matter production was greater for first harvest at the boot-heading stage than for vegetative and anthesis stages by eight and five harvests, respectively. First harvest at the anthesis stage had greater dry matter production than for boot-heading in only one instance. First harvest at the vegetative stage depressed seasonal dry matter production. Crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestability (IVDMD) production generally followed the dry matter yields of the forages. Since the foxtail grasses have an indeterminate heading stage, a forage height of 25 to 30 cm appeared to be the best guide for first harvest of the growing season. The foxtail grasses, Latar orchardgrass, Fawn tall fescue, and Regar meadow bromegrass gave consistent season long production. The wheatgrasses and Manchar smooth bromegrass produced little regrowth and can he used to the best advantage in a forage program where hay harvest at the flowering staee is oracticed.


The paper describes a technique of thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isolectric focusing of horse serum, within a pH range of 4.0--6.0, which permits the improved resolution of the acidic prealbumin protein bands. The increased heterogeneity of the Pr prealbumin antiprotease allele products apparent using this technique is described and discussed in detail, and the potential use of the technique in routine Pr phenotyping is considered.


The stock holding company "International Concern of Satellite Communication" (KOSS) was incorporated in 1991 as the organizational structure which combined the scientists and leading specialists of a number of enterprises of the former military industrial complex of the CIS countries. The rich intellectual and technical potential of KOSS allows us not only to carry out research and development but also to realize complicated applications in the field of radio electronic, communication systems and instruments engineering. KOSS has the corresponding state licenses for the realization of state orders.


An inverse analysis of experimentally measured infrared absorption spectra for the custom sorbent SiFA4H, nerve agent precursor and simulant DMMP, and intermolecularly bonded structure SiFA4H+DMMP is presented. These structures and their associated infrared spectra provide general understanding of the process whereby an analyte chemical may be detected using infrared spectral analysis. The inverse analysis presented provides estimates of permittivity functions, which when combined with the Clausius-Mossotti relation, can predict molecular polarizabilities associated with SiFA4H-SiFA4H and SiFA4H-DMMP interactions. Molecular polarizabilities deduced from measured absorption coefficients are modeled using molecular dynamics simulations.


Abstract. An empirical analysis of the property crimes, robbery, burglary and larceny, is presented for all 120 counties in Kentucky. While this analysis is based on an economic model of crime, certain sociological and legal variables are included as well in the system of equations. Overall, the empirical results support prior studies'findings with the exception that a quadratic relationship is found to exist between urbanization and each of the property crimes. Furthermore, neither the economic nor the non economic influences measured appear more important for affecting crime rates. Specifically, results indicate that the level of poverty, the degree of tourism, the presence of police, the unemployment rate and the apprehension rate all affect property crimes. In contrast, the length of sentence, the degree of industrialization, the level of public assistance payments and the proportion of youth in the county have no affect on property crime rates in these areas.


A spinning vortex is considered in the context of the braneworld. We numerically analyze the profiles of a stationary solution in a 6D U(1) gauge theory, and clarify their dependence on the angular velocity in the field space $\omega$$. We find that there is an upper limit on $\omega$$, and the vortex configuration should be parametrized by the angular momentum rather than $\omega$$. We also discuss matter modes localized on the vortex. We show that the vortex spin mixes the Kaluza–Klein (KK) masses and induces nonvanishing masses to the zero-modes. It also resolves the degeneracy in the KK spectrum that the static vortex had.


A web browser should not be only for browsing web pages but also help users to find out their target websites and recommend similar type websites based on their behavior. Throughout this paper, we propose two methods to make a web browser more intelligent about link prediction which works during typing on address-bar and recommendation of websites according to several categories. Our proposed link prediction system is actually frecency prediction which is predicted based on the first visit, last visit and URL counts. But recommend system is the most challenging as it is needed to classify web URLs according to names without visiting web pages. So we use existing model for URL classification. The only existing approach gives unsatisfactory results and low accuracy. So we add hyperparameter optimization with an existing approach that finds the best parameters for existing URL classification model and gives better accuracy. In this paper, we propose a category wise recommendation system using frecency value and the total visit of individual URL category.


Objective

To trace the relationship between Barack Obama and Congress during his first term.

Methods

A largely qualitative review of the literature on presidential-congressional relations and of Obama's interactions with Congress and the lessons he drew from them.

Results

Obama's practice, if not his rhetoric, shifted even before 2010 from an effort to transcend partisanship to using it to pass his legislative program. After the debt crisis negotiations of 2011, the president has sought to run against, and around, the legislative branch.

Conclusions

Polarized preferences and rigid partisanship made it impossible for Obama to expect large-scale change to attract consensual support. That does not appear likely to change in the near future, whoever is president after the 2012 election.


The central theme of this session is the changing relationship between "orthodox" (i.e., mainstream, neoclassical) and "heterodox" economics, especially in the USA, during the past two or three decades. Economics is such a large and heterogeneous discipline that it cannot be characterized both briefly and accurately. Alongside the growth of formalization and mathematization, and the high degree of uniformity in the undergraduate and graduate curricula and in the leading textbooks, there are also within the subject a number of dissenting or deviant doctrinal schools, rival methodological approaches, and innovative developments designed to remedy its defects and/or overcome its limitations. Moreover, many of the outspoken criticisms of the status quo, proposed remedies, and innovations, originate with or are endorsed by prominent economists with impeccable professional credentials. Indeed, in some cases their contributions threaten the discipline's foundations and can, therefore, be considered a species of "orthodox subversion."


The benefits of using Finite-Difference alike methods for coverage prediction comprise highly accurate electromagnetic simulations that serve as a reliable input for wireless networks planning and optimization algorithms. These algorithms usually require several thousands of iterations in order to find the optimal network configuration, so to obtain results within reasonable computation times, the applied propagation models must be as fast as possible. In this study an implementation-oriented analysis on the suitability of using Graphics Processing Units (GPU) to perform Finite-Difference Time-Domain simulations is carried out. We believe that the recently released Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology has opened the door for computational intensive algorithms such as FDTD to be considered for the first time as a precise and fast propagation model to predict radio coverage.


The clinical usefulness of gynecologic age (GA) (the difference between chronologic age [CA] and menarcheal age [MA]) is controversial. We compared CA and GA with bone age (BA) (the standard reference criterion for biologic maturity), in 107 Caucasian girls who ranged in age from 8.3 to 18.5 years. Chronologic age and GA each correlated significantly with BA. Regression analysis revealed no significant difference between the BAs of early-maturing girls and late-maturing girls of the same CA. However, the BAs of late-maturing girls were significantly greater than those of early-maturing girls of the same GA. Chronologic age may be preferable to GA in studies of adolescents that require an assessment of biologic maturity because CA is a more accurate measure of BA than is GA.


The study was undertaken in command area of Lower Baijnath irrigation channel (Kuhl) having a culturable command area (CCA) of 552 hectares covering 27 villages in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. The main objective was to study the status and potential of traditional irrigation system and to explore the possibility of increasing farm income through optimum utilization of available farm resources. Stratified two-stage random sampling design was used to select six villages and 60 sample farmers. The primary data were collected from sample farmers through personal interview method using pre-tested survey schedule. Tabular analysis was extensively used to study farmer's participation in Kuhl management operations, availability, and regularity in supply of water, etc. The goal programming model was designed for the minimization of penalties keeping in view the prospects of higher income, food security and boundaries of resource constraints. Results revealed that water rights of using Kuhl irrigation were generally inherited from one generation to another. The distribution mechanism was such that the volume of water to each village wasbeing allocated in accordance with the cultivated area. About 74 percent respondents reported that around 71 percent of the area was irrigated by fetching Kuhl water on demand. About 14 percent of the farmers reported that water was available to them occasionally and not on regular basis to irrigate 18.46 percent of the cultivated area. The goal programming model revealed that adequate irrigation may yield efficient returns only when optimized farm plans are adopted by the farmers. The study showed that optimized plans with improved technology resulted in decrease in the area under paddy-wheat to around 49–60 percent from existing 80 percent that was reallocated to more profitable cropping systems, i.e. ginger-garlic, fodder crops and a polyhouse unit leading to substantial increase in returns. With the inclusion of a crossbred cow in the plan, more area was allocated to fodder based cropping systems which led to further increase in income. The study clearly highlighted scope for doubling farmers 'income through adoption of improved technology, diversification of farming system with cultivation of profitable vegetable crops, adoption of hi-tech ventures like protected cultivation and inclusion of improved dairy animals as suggested through optimized model plans.


The study aimed at examining menstrual hygiene management practices among adolescent girls in public secondary schools in Kibondo District. The study used the mixed research approach with the convergent parallel design. The study was comprised of the sample size of 99 respondents from four out of 17 schools, including ten parents, 12 female teachers, 68 students, 4 matrons, 4 Heads of schools and 1 District Education Officer. Data collection was done through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and questionnaire. Qualitative data analysis was done through content analysis while quantitative data were analyzed descriptively with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 and presented in tables through percentages, and frequencies. The study discovered that there are problems in MHM practices among public secondary schools under investigation. There were shortages of menstrual hygiene management practice facilities such as toilets and private areas to change absorbent pads, disposable mechanisms and water. The study recommended that adolescent girls should be provided with sanitary pads and education. There is need to improve MHM facilities such as water, disposable mechanisms and private rooms for changing absorbent materials for effective management of menstrual periods. Menstrual hygiene management topics should be integrated into the syllabi in order to increase awareness on MHM to adolescent girls. Teachers and health workers should closely provide guidance and health talks to adolescent girls, advising them on how to manage their menstrual-related illness effectively for their good performance in school.


Despite the great variety of places, of real-life experiences and the numerous characters, the camusian fictioin deals with one single subject : the desire and the need for the author to recreate the way from the present time to his origins in order to reach his inner self. Having no model that he could imitate, for he is the child of a father that he does not know and of a mother who shuts herself up in darkness and silence. Camus leads his quest for his own self by creating a form of personnal expressioin which, all in all, is analogous to that form of expression which he swas acquainted, with during his childhood. Born in a family whose mentality is primitive, the approach to this mentality requires a "primitive" mode of expression : the tribal initiation, a universe in which the access to knowledge needs physical language, the sole reality of his family. To endow the silence of "his own beginning" with shape and voice, camus uses the narrative mode characteristic of the "nonwriting societies" : the tale which, conciliating the opposites, encompasses the desire to reco ver his integrity. Integrity for camus is indissociable from the knowledge that he cannot renounce his mother and her silence. In fact, camus uses words to "say" the silences of his childhood and to make them "speak" but he simultaneously empties them from any meaning. Thus, his very work becomes a glorification of silence itself. Actually, camus writes in order to silence the cries and the calls which have haunted him.


A survey of literature from academia, industry, and other Government agencies assessed the state of the art in current integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) aircraft technologies. These are the technologies that are used for assessing vehicle health at the system and subsystem level. This study reports on how these technologies are employed by major military and commercial platforms for detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and mitigation. Over 200 papers from five conferences from the time period of 2004 to 2009 were reviewed. Over 30 of these IVHM technologies are then mapped into the 17 different adverse event damage conditions identified in a previous study. This study illustrates existing gaps and opportunities for additional research by the NASA IVHM Project.


A systematic investigation of the intrinsic magnetic properties of R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds (with R=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) has been performed by means of ac susceptibility measurements, singular-point-detection techniques, and magnetization measurements. Spin reorientations were detected by measuring the temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility and the magnetization in ${\mathrm{NdFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{sr}}$=147 K), ${\mathrm{DyFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{sr}}$=137 K), ${\mathrm{ErFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{sr}}$=180 K), and ${\mathrm{TmFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{sr}}$=166 K). In order to trace field-induced magnetic phase transitions, magnetization curves were measured at 4.2 K on magnetically-aligned R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ samples in magnetic fields up to 35 T in the Amsterdam high field installation. First-order magnetization processes (FOMP)-like transitions were detected at 4.2 K in ${\mathrm{PrFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{B}}_{\mathrm{cr}}$=5.97 T) and ${\mathrm{HoFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{B}}_{\mathrm{cr}}$=1.73 T) in an external field applied perpendicular to the alignment direction and in ${\mathrm{ErFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ (${\mathit{B}}_{\mathrm{cr}}$=2.47 T) in an external field applied parallel to the alignment direction.An anomalous increase of magnetization of ${\mathrm{SmFe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ at low temperatures in an external field applied perpendicular to the alignment direction is suggested to be due to a fast continuous rotation of magnetic moment under the action of external field, rather than due to a FOMP-type transition. The magnetic-coupling strength between the rare-earth and the transition-metal moments have been determined for the R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds with R=Dy, Ho, Er, or Tm from the magnetization behavior in fields up to 35 T of fine single-crystalline powder particles, loaded loosely into the sample holder and therefore free to rotate in the applied magnetic field. The temperature dependence of the anisotropy field ${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{A}}$ of the R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds has been determined by means of the singular-point-detection technique in the temperature interval where the easy magnetization direction of the samples is parallel to the c axis. It is found that an annealing treatment of the as-cast ingots of the R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds at high temperature (at least 1323 K) for a long time (at least two weeks) is vital to obtain R${\mathrm{Fe}}_{10}$${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ compounds with the tetragonal ${\mathrm{ThMn}}_{12}$ structure.


A new method for the measurement of self-diffusion coefficients in molten salts is described. Determinations of D/sub i/ for i = Na/sup +/ and Cl/ sup -/ in NaCl; Rb/sup +/ and Cl/sup -/ in RbC l; Cs/sup +/ and Cl/sup -/ in CsCl; and Na/sup +/ and I/sup -/ in NaI as a function of temperature, are reported. The heats of activation for self. diffusion of cations and anions in the same salts are almost equal and in the range 4 to 8 kcal mole/sup -1/. The pre-exponential factors in D = A exp - E/RT are about 10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2/ sec/ sup -l/. The D values are about 10/sup 4/ greater than those in the corresponding solid at the melting point. The ratio of D/sub cat/D/sub an/.is about the same as in the solid at the mp. The results yield friction coefficients on the basis of an electrolyte consisting of two ions with no uncharged reference species; these show trends in which physical consistence is unclear. Sources of deviation from the Nernst-Einstein equation are summarized. If the principal cause of deviation is attributed to a non-charge more » transporting mode of transport, activation energies are obtained for chargecarrying transport which are consistent ( plus or minus 0.2 kcal mole/sup -1/) with those experimentally determined for electrical conductance; derived D are consistent with other tests of the approximation. The mean observed heat of activation is 3.5 RT/sub mp/, which is the theoretical value expected if the diffusive movements are jumps into thermally distributed holes. Ealculations of the pre- exponential factor are consistent with the coupled requirements of entropy of activation and activation volume. They support transport by nondiameter jumps into ion-sized holes. (auth) « less


Purpose:Colonic carcinogenesis deranges growth-regulating epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR).We previously showed that EGFR signals were up-regulated in human aberrant crypt foci (ACF), putative colon cancer precursors. The azoxymethane model of colon cancer recapitulates many aspects of human colonic tumors. Recent studies indicate that flat dysplastic ACF with increased h-catenin are tumor precursors in this model.We asked, therefore, if EGFR signals are required for flat dysplastic ACF development and cancer progression. Experimental Design: Rats received azoxymethane or saline, and standard chow or chow supplemented with gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, for 44 weeks. EGFR signals were quantified in normal colon, flat ACF, and tumors by computerized analysis of immunostains andWestern blots. K-ras mutations were assessed by PCRandmRNA for egfr ligands by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: EGFR inhibition with gefitinib decreased the incidence of flat dysplastic ACF from 66% to 36% and tumors from 71% to 22% (P < 0.05).This inhibitor also reduced the overexpressions of cyclin D1and Cox-2 in flat ACF. Furthermore, in flat ACF, EGFR blockade decreased the upregulation of c-Jun, FosB, phosphorylated active signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-h, potential regulators of cyclin D1and Cox-2. In colonic tumors, EGFR blockade significantly decreased angiogenesis, proliferation, and progressionwhile also increasing apoptosis (P < 0.05). Gefitinib also inhibited the activations of extracellular signal ^ regulated kinase, Src, and AKT pathways in tumors. Conclusions: We have shown for the first time that EGFR promotes the development of flat dysplastic ACF and the progression of malignant colonic tumors. Furthermore, we have mechanistically identified several transcription factors and their targets as EGFR effectors in colonic carcinogenesis. Colonic carcinogenesis is characterized by the accumulation of activating mutations in proto-oncogenes and inhibiting mutations in tumor suppressor genes. These mutations dysregulate pathways, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signals that control cell growth, maturation, and cell death. Up-regulations of EGFRs and ligands have been described in many tumors, including colon cancers (1). Recently, we reported that EGFR signals were up-regulated in human aberrant crypt foci (ACF) identified in situ using image magnification chromoendoscopy (2). ACF are the earliest identifiable lesions in experimental colonic carcinogenesis and dysplastic ACF are believed to be precursors of colon cancer (3). EGFR (ErbB1) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases which also includes ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 (4). Ligand binding induces a conformational change, causing receptors to dimerize and activating the receptor's intrinsic tyrosine kinase. ErbB2 is unique in that it has no identified ligand, but is the preferred heterodimeric partner for other members. EGFR signals activate multiple pathways including Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK and phosphoinositide-3-kinase–AKT. Cyclin D1 and Cox-2 are key effectors of ERK and AKT pathways. Cyclin D1 is a G1 cell cycle regulator that is overexpressed in colon cancer (5). Cox-2 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in prostanoid biosynthesis and is also up-regulated in large bowel tumors (6). The role of EGFR in Human Cancer Biology Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Received11/20/07; revised1/17/08; accepted1/31/08. Grant support: P30DK42086 (Digestive Diseases Research Core Center), CA036745 (M. Bissonnette), and the Samuel Freedman Research Laboratories for Gastrointestinal Cancer Research. Additional funding was provided by the Department of Pathology Research Core Facilities of the University of Chicago. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Clinical Cancer Research Online (http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/). Requests for reprints: Marc Bissonnette, Department of Medicine, MC 4076, University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, 5841SouthMaryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637. Phone: 773-702-8597; Fax : 773-702-2182; E-mail: mbissonn@ medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu. F2008 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-4926 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2008;14(8) April 15, 2008 2253 Research. on April 15, 2017. © 2008 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from up-regulating cyclin D1 and Cox-2 in colonic cancers, however, remains uncertain. The azoxymethane model of rodent colon cancer recapitulates many of the clinical, histologic, and molecular features of human colon cancer. Azoxymethane is a mutagen that causes guanine methyl adduct formation leading to activating mutations in K-ras and h-catenin (7). K-ras encodes Ras, a GTPregulated protein that controls extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK). K-ras mutations cause constitutive activation of Ras. We previously showed that wild-type Ras could also be activated by upstream signals, including ErbB2 overexpression in azoxymethane-induced colonic tumors (8). Activated wildtype Ras in turn stimulated ERK and increased Cox-2 in tumors. More recently, in azoxymethane-treated mice, we showed that EGFR signals were activated in apparently normal colon in the premalignant phase prior to tumor emergence (9). EGFR signals regulate proliferation and cell survival, and their widespread activation in premalignant colon is believed to contribute to colonic hyperproliferation and tumorigenesis. In azoxymethane-treated mice, gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, blocked receptor activation and inhibited ERK signaling in colonic mucosa, reducing epithelial crypt cell proliferation and limiting the development of premalignant precursors (9). Recently, flat-appearing variants of ACF were described that were dysplastic and exhibited increased h-catenin accumulation (10, 11). These flat ACF are believed to be precursors of colonic tumors based on their dysplastic features and their temporal relationship to tumors, with flat ACF incidences increasing prior to tumor development and declining as tumors emerged. The roles of EGFR in the development of these putative malignant precursors and their possible progression to cancer, however, have not been examined. In the current study using gefitinib, an EGFR inhibitor, we addressed these important questions. We chose the rat model for these studies because rats develop larger flat ACF and tumors compared with mice in response to this carcinogen (10, 11). Prior studies in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice, which possess apc germ line mutations, showed that EGFR signals limited the number but not the growth rate of intestinal adenomas (12). In the Min model, tumors develop predominantly in the small intestine and do not progress to cancers. It was of interest, therefore, to determine whether EGFR controls not only premalignant events, but also large bowel tumor growth and histologic progression to carcinomas in the azoxymethane model. In addition, we asked if EGFR controlled proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis because the roles of this receptor in regulating these growth characteristics have not been directly elucidated in colonic tumors. In the current study, we also examined tumors for several transcriptional regulators overexpressed in human colon cancers. The transcription factors activator protein 1 (AP-1), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and CAAT/enhancer binding protein-h (C/EBPh) are upregulated in colonic tumors (5, 13, 14). EGFR blockade in this model provided us an ideal opportunity to directly assess the roles of these transcription factors as EGFR effectors in this malignancy. AP-1 is composed of homodimeric complexes of Jun family proteins, or heterodimers of Jun and Fos members, and is activated by EGFR in several noncolonic cell types (15). STAT3 also mediates EGFR signaling in other cell types (16). A third transcription factor, C/EBPh is activated by EGFR in other cells and is required for ras-dependent transformation in another model of epithelial cancer (17, 18). For this analysis, we investigated the effects of tumorigenesis and EGFR blockade on each of these transcription factors to assess their potential roles as EGFR effectors in the development of colon cancers. Our findings and their implications for colon cancer chemoprevention are the subject of this report. Materials andMethods


A mathematical model for the exchange of organic chemicals by fish gills was formulated based solely on the limitations imposed by the flows of water and blood into the gills. For large rainbow trout, this model was found to closely follow the magnitude and trends of observed gill uptake rates over a range of octanol/water partition coefficient from 1 to 106. Observations averaged only about 30% less than model predictions. This modest lack-of-fit is presumably due to the effects of diffusional barriers and ionization which would further limit uptake, although uncertainties in model parameters and data are likely also partly responsible. This analysis suggests that these basic physiological parameters are of major importance in the regulation of exchange at fish gills and should be accounted for in more detailed toxicokinetic models. Also, this simple model could by itself be useful for approximate assessments of accumulation of organic chemicals by fish.


Managing of the bandwidth resources in a WATM system, it results more critical than in an ATM system, due to the resources scarcity and to the transmission medium with lesser reliability. Therefore, traffic and congestion control mechanisms, more secure than the ones used in ATM, are required. This research work is aimed at the development of a wireless ATM scheduler based on the traffic prediction, using artificial neural networks at the ATM switch entrance, in order to control and shape the traffic in the switch exit connection (wireless link). Consequently, this reduces the congestion conditions mainly originated for the bursty traffic from the real time and non-real time ABR and VBR services. Connection Admission Control and ABR Flow Control mechanisms and applying delays in cells to manage the switch exit queue's buffer occupancy, have been considered, in order to control and shape the output traffic, reducing the congestion conditions and improving the wireless-link bandwidth utilization distribution between the VBR and ABR services.


The articles in this issue of the American Review of Canadian Studies are evidence of a theoretical orientation that identifies a philosophical culture unique to Canada, in other words, Canadian philosophy. It is, however, important to keep in mind that not all philosophy written in Canada reflects philosophical cultural roots. As well, not all Canadian philosophy is written in Canada. Thus, the phrase "philosophy in Canada" does not capture the specific meanings associated with Canadian philosophy. Yet, despite the emergence of a Canadian philosophy since at least the early twentieth century, the teaching of a Canadian philosophical culture has not only been rare in philosophy departments in Canada, but also largely ignored by the wider Canadian Studies community. Any investigation into Canadian Studies, from any disciplinary perspective, can be aided by a broader understanding of Canadian philosophy, and the interdisciplinary nature of ARCS allows for an opportunity to convey this conversation about Canadian philosophy to a wider audience.


The customer relationship management (CRM) system has been touted as a primary tool for supporting frontline employees' personalized services tasks. However, while a number of studies focus on the critical role of CRM systems in organizational performance, the link between CRM systems and individual performance is still under-investigation. In order to fill this research gap, this study focuses on the ITdriven adaptive performance of frontline employees in service context. Based on the coping theory, I will present a nuanced understanding of the impacts of two kinds of CRM systems (e.g., CRM systems to support interaction-related and prioritization-related tasks) on employees' adaptive capability, which in turn, enhances adaptive performance. In addition, the substitutive role of tasks-related embodied knowledge for CRM systems will be investigated. The results of this study will highlight the importance of adaptive capability in mediating the relationship between CRM systems and adaptive performance. I will conduct a field study in an education organization in China and gather multi-sourced data from both employees' self-reported as well as manager-reported surveys.


Objective To determine the structures of two sesquiterpene compounds isolated from Commiphora opobalsamum,and to investigate its their anti-proliferation effect on tumor cell growth.Methods Two sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the resinous exudates of Commiphora opobalsamum.Their structures were established on the basis of physical and chemical properties,and 1H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy.The cytotoxicity of compounds against the colorectal cancer cell line,hormone-independent human prostate cell lines and immortalizied liver normal cell line was evaluated by MTT assay.Results Structures of two sesquiterpenoids were determined as(1(10)E,2R,4R)-2-methoxy-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),7,11-trien-6-one and 2-methoxy-5-acetoxy-furanogermacr-1(10)-en-6-one.The results of MTT assay showed that both compounds had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner.No significant anti-proliferation activity was observed in colorectal cells exposed to these chemicals at low concentrations.Furthermore,less cytotoxicity of these compounds was shown by using the immortalizied liver normal cell line at concentrations tested.Conclusions The structure of two germacrane sesquiterpenoids were identified,and they can significantly inhibit the proliferation of hormone-independent prostate cancer cell growth.


The utility model relates to an improved structure of adapter coupling base of hand tool, which is formed by locking the sliding bar joint on the adapter coupling base, wherein the adapter coupling base comprises a main body, a top stop lever, an offsetting spring and a conical spring. A groove body is formed in the main body; the lower end of the main body extends out and is provided with a ball groove, a steel ball body and a cylinder for socket joint of the sleeve barrel; the top stop lever is T-shaped and provided with a two-segment type stage surface groove where the steel ball body can move; the offsetting spring contains the top stop lever, and is against the lower fringe of the head end of the stop lever; the conical spring is contained in the head end of the stop lever; the groove body surface of the adapter coupling base is provided with a concave surface for locating of the steel ball on the sliding bar joint. After the above components are assembled, if the sliding bar joint is pressed, the steel ball body on the cylinder of the main body is retracted into the stage surface groove of the stop lever, thereby achieving convenient separation from the work pieces such as the sleeve barrel.


The major equipments' dynamic models of the propane precooling and nitrogen expansion refrigeration cycle in FLNG liquefaction system were established. Taking the parameters of simulated liquefaction process as the initial parameters,dynamic simulation on the propane precooling and nitrogen expansion refrigeration cycle under the different forms of disturbance was done. The results show that FLNG refrigeration system has strong inertia,and reacts to ocean shake obviously. For the same signal form,propane refrigerant disturbance has a small response to the outlet temperature of LNG,and has large tracking error. Otherwise,the response time is shorter than the response time of nitrogen disturbance.


Accessible summary
Essential Lifestyle Plans are a good way for people with learning disabilities and their support workers to tell people about things they like to do, such as listening to music.
These plans also tell people about the things that they need, like what medicine they may need to take.
Sometimes it is not easy to put the things we like to do at home into these plans because there are lots of things we do every day.
People need to think carefully about how the things we choose to do at home can be put into Essential Lifestyle Plans that are written for us and with us.

Abstract
Background: Person-centred planning, which commonly becomes formalised within services for people with learning disabilities through an Essential Lifestyle Plan (ELP), was intended to help place the choices of individuals at the forefront of service provision. However, beyond UK government policy rhetoric, scholars have raised issues regarding the capacity of person-centred planning to empower people with learning disabilities to make choices about various aspects of their lives. This article assesses these debates, paying attention to the relationship between ELPs and choices made in relation to leisure activities.

Materials and Methods:To examine leisure activities and choice-making in depth, the article draws upon ethnographic research conducted with four adults living in a supported living scheme. It focuses upon their domestic musical activities, connecting data derived from participant observation with the contents of ELPs.

Results:This study found that person-centred planning underplayed processes involved with articulations of musical choice and also the peculiarities of the settings in which choices were made. It also found that leisure preferences expressed in ELPs did not effectively convey the richness and sociocultural significance of everyday domestic musical activities within the supported living scheme.

Conclusions:Person-centred planning should not be divorced from social context, relationships and differing degrees of dependency. Domestic leisure activities such as listening to music, while not necessarily 'meaningful' in the terms laid out in UK policy discourse, can become crucial resources for social bonding for people with learning disabilities. Thus, they should be considered carefully as part of a dynamic, socially situated and person-centred planning process.


The present invention relates to a luminescent composition comprising a component which can be excited by infrared (IR) component and ultraviolet rays can be excited by radiation (UV) radiation. The composition has a characteristic emission spectrum, optionally, be used in conjunction with reading system adapted for emission spectrum to characterize indicia substances or substance mixtures.


Objectives To determine whether patient reported outcomes improve after single stage versus two stage revision surgery for prosthetic joint infection of the hip, and to determine the cost effectiveness of these procedures. Design


The prediction of customers' churn is a challenging task in different industrial sectors, in which the motor insurance industry is one of the well-known industries. Due to the incessant upgradation done in the insurance policies, the retention process of customers plays a significant role for the concern. The main objective of this study is to predict the behaviors of the customers and to classify the churners and non-churners at an earlier stage.  The Motor Insurance sector dataset consists of 20,000 records with 37 attributes collected from the machine learning industry. The missing values of the records are analyzed and explored via Expectation Maximization algorithm that categorizes the collected data based on the policy renewals. Then, the behavior of the customers are also investigated, so as to ease the construction process training classifiers. With the help of Naive bayes algorithm, the behaviors of the customers on the upgraded policies are examined. Depending on the dependency rate of each variable, a hybrid GWO-KELM algorithm is introduced to classify the churners and non-churners by exploring the optimal feature analysis. Experimental results have proved the efficiency of the hybrid algorithm in terms of 95% prediction accuracy; 97% precision; 91% recall & 94% F-score.


Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy continuously quantified the ethylene (C2H4) produced by strawberry flowers and fruits developing in planta. C2H4 was first detected as flower buds opened and exhibited diurnal oscillations (to approximately 200 pl flower(-1) h(-1)) before petal abscission. Exogenous application of silver thiosulphate (STS) to detached flowers inhibited petal abscission and flower senescence. In fruit, C2H4 production was maintained at a 'low level' (10-60 pl fruit(-1) h(-1)) until fruit expanded when levels increased in a diurnal pattern (to 200 pl fruit(-1) h(-1)). After expansion, C2H4 production declined to a low level until fruit attained the red-ripe stage for at least 24 h. After this time, C2H4 levels increased linearly (no diurnal fluctuation) to approximately 1 nL fruit(-1) h(-1). Twenty-four hours after the re-initiation of C2H4 production by red fruit, CO2 levels increased approximately three-fold, indicative of a respiratory climacteric. STS applied to fruits developing in planta and dissected fruit parts ex situ established that C2H4 production is regulated by negative feedback until fruits had expanded. The C2H4 produced by red-ripe fruit was regulated by positive feedback. Anti-1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase IgG localization identified immunoreactive antigens of 40 and 30 kDa (M-r) within the fruit achenes of expanding and red-ripe fruit. Analysis of dissected fruit showed that seed C2H4 accounts for 50% the C2H4 that is detectable from ripe fruit.


Understanding the mechanisms that control the dynamics of bubble clouds is essential to many industrial processes in the energy and chemical realms. Due to the complexity of the two-phase flow configurations, modeling the physics of the phenomena driving the mixing of bubbles within a liquid matrix is still a major challenge. One of the weaknesses of most existing two-phase flow models is due to the incomplete handling of bubble dispersion. This difficulty comes from the fact that dispersion can be driven by numerous complex phenomena, such as turbulence, local pressure distribution, bubble to bubble interaction, etc. In this study, we introduce the effect of added mass fluctuations on the dispersion of small bubbles. Existing models based on the Euler–Euler approach do not take into account local flow variations due to bubble distributions. Therefore, these models do not correctly describe fine dispersion features. Solving the potential flow around N bubbles allows to take into account the effect of the added mass on bubble cloud distributions. To this aim, a complete added mass model, which includes local bubble configurations via the void fraction gradient, is developed. The void fraction gradient allows us to account for the asymmetry of the bubble cloud around a single central bubble. Consequently, the proposed model can only represent regular and irregular bubble cloud distributions. This methodology results in a more consistent consideration of the added mass effects as well as Meshchersky's force, which should be included in hydrodynamic two-phase flow models. The proposed approach can be implemented in Euler–Euler models intended to consider the dispersion of bubbles caused by the effect of added mass.


This project posits the practice of scrapbooking as an arts-based, performative autoethnographic method of inquiry that allows me to interrogate my experiences teaching a tourism course grounded in critical performative pedagogy. Teaching American Expedition was sublime and, in its sublimity, it resists linear, dispassionate analysis. Choosing an arts-based method of inquiry, such as scrapbooking, opens up possibilities of thinking and understanding beyond the limitations of language, of honoring bodied experiences that are not easily or necessarily speakable, and of exploring how care is enacted in and through the practice of my pedagogy.


Today, conventional textbook education is not seen as a very effective teaching method. A less static form of education is considered more useful [15], [24]. "Learning by doing" or by experimenting is such a form. Students today are well acquainted with computers. This is why the demand is rising for replacing classic experiments with computer based setups. Developments of physical modeling synthesis have seen substantial improvements during the latest years. The use of simulations to demonstrate physics is cheap and effective but suffers from the risk of losing connection with reality. An experiment on the acoustics of pipes is presented which combines interactive computer measurement software with a physical pipe. The materials needed to conduct the experiment are hosted on a newly developed web portal, complete with manuals and software. The experiment is evaluated in terms of accuracy and usability. Feedback from teachers indicates that the experiment is ready for use in education of high school students.


The location of Izaña (Tenerife, Canary Islands) has been proposed for hosting the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). To support the site-testing campaign, we obtained climate normals from the 10 year long series recorded at Izana by the atmospheric Observatory (CIAI), we have also compared the wind regime with a simultaneous 10 year database at the neighbouring astronomical site (OT) and with the available simultaneous preliminary wind data for the proposed CTA location. The results show a smooth temperature profile with sporadic but moderate extremes and a low daily (24 h) temperature range. Rainfall is extremely sporadic (287 mm/y) with low intensity. Wind speed and gusts show high stability and moderate values and dispersions. The lowest winds are in the summer. Speed episodes greater than 100 km/h are very rare and 11 data points have been recorded with gusts above 150 km/h over the 10 years. The dominant wind direction is WNW. There is an excellent correlation for wind speed between the CIAI and OT, with a slight difference in the dominant wind direction (N versus WNW). The wind data recorded directly at the CTA location also show very good correlation in trends, the wind speed at the CTA site being ≈ 24% lower. The dominant wind direction at the CTA site is NW.


Twenty years ago, there was a more thoroughgoing political pluralism in Russia than there is today. Contested elections took place for a new legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Along with its inner body, a radically reformed Supreme Soviet, it wielded real power, as Prime Minister Nikolai Ryzhkov discovered when in June 1989 the legislature rejected no fewer than nine of his candidates for ministerial office. At that time, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was still the only legal party in the country, but there was a public political life and an open struggle among several fundamentally different tendencies. In 2009, there is a variety of parties, but the system has been managed in such a way that recent elections have produced little real choice; moreover, the lack of accountability of those elected, already a feature of Russian politics in the 1990s, persists. In some respects, the forms of democracy—including party consolidation—have been enhanced, but they have been so manipulated as to deprive them of substance.1 Elections keep up the pretense of democracy, but their political significance has been eroded. The results of the 2007 parliamentary elections and the 2008 presidential balloting were more predictable than the outcome of elections had been during the last three years of the Soviet Union's existence. Russian voters had a stronger sense of political efficacy in 1989, 1990, and 1991 than they have had over the past decade. As Juan J. Linz has noted, "electoral authoritarianism" and "multiparty authoritarianism" are more appropriate characterizations for many states that have been described as "electoral democracies."2 Either of Linz's terms may reasonably be applied to contemporary Russia, although "façade democracy" is no less apt.3


It is one of the most important task of the government to quicken the regional innovation pace and enhance the regional innovation efficiency. With an economic-based approach, this article points out that the ultimate goal of public policy is the optimal allocation of resources, and the efficiency of public policy will improve with the optimization process of allocation efficiency. It also argues that an effective measure to improve the efficiency of public policy is to transform public benefit into the inner demand of each individual in the society. Building up the regional innovation service platform is the most important practice in the field of public policy. The article points out the sharing character of regional innovation service platform. Through the mechanism of sharing the article analysis the mechanism of improving the allocation efficiency of regional ST resource for regional innovation service platform.


An Au–Ag–Cu trimetallic nanodendrite was constructed by simple electrochemical methods and was evaluated as a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The motivation was to harmonize the individual merits of each SERS-active metal, the higher SERS efficiency of Ag, good surface stability of Au, and structural stability of Cu, in a single structure. For the fabrication, a Cu flower-like nanostructure was initially constructed by reduction of Cu2+ (electrodeposition). Next, a galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) was performed on the Cu framework in a solution of Ag+ to build Ag nanodendrites with coincidental release of Cu atoms into the solution as Cu2+. As the Ag nanodendrite grew, released Cu2+ redeposited, so a Ag–Cu bimetallic nanodendrite started to form. Next, a second GRR was performed with the newly prepared Ag–Cu nanodendrite in Au3+ solution to partially replace Ag and Cu by Au to construct the Au–Ag–Cu trimetallic nanodendrite. Based on examination of Raman peaks of rhodamine 6G (R6G, a reporter molecule), the Ag–Cu nanodendrite resulted in approximately 2.6 fold higher peak intensity compared to a Ag nanodendrite. Subsequent Au incorporation into the Ag–Cu nanodendrite greatly improved the stability of SERS measurements as well as increased the peak intensity further by 7.6 fold, thereby enabling the observation of Raman peaks of a 10−10 M R6G sample.


Nalorphine-3- and -6-glucuronide were synthesized according to the method used in the synthesis of morphine glucuronides. These glucuronides were then utilized as reference standards for identification of the urinary metabolites of nalorphine in rabbits, and nalorphine-3-glucuronide was established as a major metabolite. No other metabolite could be detected in the 24 hr urine samples, except a small amount of unchanged nalorphine was detected. Isolation procedure of the urinary glucuronides adopted in the present and previous studies was confirmed to be very effective especially for the morphine alkaloids.


Corporate awareness of the importance of technology's support in supporting efficiently and effectively business activities is increase. It is also being pursued by PKIS XYZ to manage their business activities. PKIS XYZ experiencing problems which only able to manage 33,33% of their raw materials, while the rest should be managed by another company which incidentally is their competitor. This is certainly not profitable for the company. This research will analyse business processes in PKIS XYZ which are not optimal implemented. The findings obtained will be used as a material planning what technology to be applied in an attempt to optimize the business activities of the company. The output of this research is recommendation of future application portfolio that important to be applied in PKIS XYZ. Framework used in this study was Ward and Peppard, with SWOT and  Mc Farland's Strategic as a tool.


The Dirichlet problem for elliptic systems of the second order with constant real and complex coefficients in the half-space 𝔑 k + = {x = (x 1,…,xk ): xk > 0} is considered. It is assumed that the boundary values of a solution u = (u 1,…,u m) have the form ψ 1 ξ 1 + · · · + ψ n ξ n, 1 ≤ n ≤ m, where ξ 1,· · ·,ξ n is an orthogonal system of m-component normed vectors and ψ 1,· · ·,ψ n are continuous and bounded functions on ∂𝔑 k +. We study the mappings [C(∂𝔑 k +)] n ∋ (ψ 1,…,ψ n) → u(x) ∋ 𝔑 m and [C(∂𝔑 k +)] n ∋ (ψ 1,…,ψ n) → u(x) ∋ 𝔑 m generated by real and complex vector valued double layer potentials. We obtain representations for the sharp constants in inequalities between |u(x)| or |(z, u(x))| and ∥u| xk =0∥, where z is a fixed unit m-component vector, | · | is the length of a vector in a finite-dimensional unitary space or in Euclidean space, and (·,·) is the inner product in the same space. Explicit representations of these sharp constants for the Stokes and Lamé systems are given. We show, in particular, that if the velocity vector (the elastic displacement vector) is parallel to a constant vector at the boundary of a half-space and if the modulus of the boundary data does not exceed 1, then the velocity vector (the elastic displacement vector) is majorised by 1 at an arbitrary point of the half-space. An analogous classical maximum modulus principle is obtained for two components of the stress tensor of the planar deformed state as well as for the gradient of a biharmonic function in a half-plane.


A 10 days old male baby brought with abdominal distension and cystic swelling in the left buttock. Radiological investigations suggested para-rectal abscess or rectal duplication cyst. Patient underwent transverse loop colostomy and later definitive surgery by posterior sagittal approach. Intra-operative findings were suggestive of small atretic rectal segment with duplication cyst of the rectum. To the best of our knowledge, neonatal rectal atresia with rectal duplication cyst has not been reported in English literature. Keywords: Duplication cyst, Meconium, Posterior sagittal anorectoplasty, Rectal atresia,


An unsolved ancient problem in position control of robot manipulators is to find a stability analysis that proves global asymptotic stability of the classical PID control in closed loop with robot manipulators. The practical evidence suggests that in fact the classical PID in industrial robots is a global regulator. The main goal of the present paper is theoretically to show why in the practice such a fact is achieved. We show that considering the natural saturations of every control stage in practical robots, the classical PID becomes a type of saturated nonlinear PID controller. In this work such a nonlinear PID controller with bounded torques for robot manipulators is proposed. This controller, unlike other saturated nonlinear PID controllers previously proposed, uses a single saturation for the three terms of the controller. Global asymptotical stability is proved via Lyapunov stability theory. Experimental results are presented in order to observe the performance of the proposed controller.


A single-chip functional tester for VLSI circuits that integrates the vector memory, the error memory, a decompressor, and 16 sets of independently controlled pin electronics on a 9.0*9.4-mm chip is described. The device contains over 200 K transistors and is fabricated using a 1.6- mu m CMOS technology. The integrated pin electronics support a per-pin tester architecture, allowing the transitions for each pin to be independently adjusted to better than 1 ns. The chip dissipates less than 0.75 W running at 25 M vectors/s. By integrating all tester functions on a single chip, it is possible to build all extremely compact tester. A 256-pin tester requires only 16 chips. This size makes it possible to reduce the length of the transmission line between the device under test and the tester to under 10 cm, minimizing signal reflections and enabling the delivery of high-fidelity waveforms.<<ETX>>


Abstract Unaltered hausmannite ores from Langban, Sweden, contain two rhombohedral carbonate phases, namely calcite and a carbonate with a disordered calcite structure; the latter with the approximate composition Ca0.4Ba0.4(Pb, Mg)0.2CO3 and cell dimensions (hexagonal setting) a = 5.12 and c = 18.12A. The carbonate phases were emplaced together with the ore minerals before the metamorphic events, which in their turn preceded the late vein and vug forming period in Langban. It appears likely that such carbonates are much more common than was previously realized, and that they were the source of most of the Pb, Ba and Ca present in the native lead-pyrochroite veins.


In the context of the continuous development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Machine learning (ML) technology, its application in the medical field is becoming more and more extensive. However, with a dramatic increase in medical data obtained from the IoT-based medical auxiliary diagnosis system, the impact of label noise problems is also increasing. When training a machine learning algorithm for a supervised-learning task in some clinical applications, uncertainty in the labels of some patients may adversely affect the performance of the algorithm. For example, due to ambiguous patient conditions or poor reliability of diagnostic criteria, even clinical experts may lack confidence in making medical diagnoses for some patients. As a result, some samples used in algorithm training may be mislabeled, which adversely affects the performance of the algorithm. In this paper, we study a classification problem of sample labels with random damage. We propose a new hybrid label noise correction model that generalizes many learning problems, including supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning. This hybrid model can withstand the negative effects of random noise and various non-random label noise. Extensive experimental results using real-world datasets from UCI machine learning repository are provided, the empirical study shows that our approach successfully improves data quality in many cases, in terms of classification accuracy, over existing label noise correction methods.


Commentary on: Carlton E, Kohne J, Shankar-Hari, et al . Readmission diagnoses after paediatric severe sepsis hospitalisation. Crit Care Med 2019;47:583–90.

Sepsis is a leading cause of avoidable death across all age groups.1 Attempts have been made to streamline the management pathways in the UK and elsewhere through publication of national guidelines.1 While robust guidelines exist for management of initial sepsis episodes, strategies to identify and prevent readmissions are necessary. This …


The unsaturated fatty acid was obtained from seed of Anctinidia chinensis and petroleum ether is a suitable extractiom agent.Through extracting,dewaxing,concentrating and purification,yield of unsaturated fatty acid was about 28% based on the seed weight.After analysing,the content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid was 89.4% to total content of fatty acids.


Purpose: To assess the clinical outcomes and toxicity in patients receiving fractionated external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system, treated at two Canadian radiation oncology institutions. Methods and Materials: Between January 1980 and December 2004, the data of all patients receiving EBRT for central nervous system hemangioblastoma were retrospectively reviewed. The patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were collected and overall survival, disease-free survival, and EBRT-related toxicities assessed. Results: A total of 18 cases, 5 associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) and 13 sporadic (non-VHL), with a total 31 lesions, were documented. These were located in the cerebellum in 20 and spinal cord in 8 patients. EBRT was delivered for recurrence in 12, adjuvantly for residual disease in 4, and definitively in 2. The EBRT schedules ranged from 50.0 to 55.8 Gy in 1.8–2.0-Gy daily fractions (n = 17), typically with parallel-opposed fields to the cerebellar target volumes and direct posterior fields for spinal disease. At a median follow-up of 5.1 years (range, 0.1– 14.5), the 5-year OS rate was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50–96%), decreasing to 30% (95% CI, 10–87%) at 10 years. The disease-free survival rate at 5 and 10 years was 57% (95% CI, 37–87%) and 30% (95% CI, 11– 83%), respectively. The outcomes differed according to VHL status. The 5-year OS rate was 100% for those with VHL compared with 55% (95% CI, 32–95%) for those with non-VHL disease (log–rank p = 0.003), and the 5-year disease-free survival rate was 80% (95% CI, 52–100%) with VHL compared with 48% (95% CI, 26–89%) without (log–rank p = 0.036). Conclusions: Fractionated EBRT has a role in the management of extensive intracranial and/or spinal cord disease, the adjuvant treatment of residual postoperative disease, and the treatment of recurrence. More favorable outcomes were reported for VHL-associated lesions than for sporadic cases. 2007 Elsevier Inc.


This chapter explores how to improve the environmental performance of local organizations through MBA and undergraduate Management and Business & Society course assignments. Edgewood College MBA students apply "The Natural Step" framework to their organizations' operations and initiate changes that improve their environmental performance. Undergraduate Business & Society students research and implement campus energy efficiency techniques, manage a campus-wide Eco-Olympics, and publish case studies that showcase local environmentally friendly business practices. These environmental service-learning activities have contributed to fostering a Business School and college culture that embraces environmental innovations. Students want to make a difference and these projects enable them to do so. Materials are provided to assist professors in implementing these class projects. CHAPTER 12


Using data from a survey of 101 women in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, the author analyzes women's attitudes toward parenthood. The sample, which was divided evenly between women from three social classes, involved manual workers, office workers, and intellectuals. The focus was on the value of children and on reasons given for not having more children. (SUMMARY IN ENG)


We show how the connection structure of a loopless communication network may be discovered using only ubiquitous echo requests or as a byproduct of normal two-way transport. The key factor is the correlation effect in waiting times of successively sent messages, which is caused by background traffic on the routers.


A true administrator is one who accepts risks and expects on occasion to be misunderstood, says this writer, who expands this definition on the _____following pages.


Workers in crowdsourcing are evolving from one-off, independent micro-workers to on-demand collaborators with a long-term orientation. They were expected to collaborate as transient teams to solve more complex, non-trivial tasks. However, collaboration as a team may not be as prevalent as possible, given the lack of support for synchronous collaboration and the "competition, collaboration but transient" nature of crowdsourcing. Aiming at unfolding how individuals collaborate as a transient team and how such teamwork can affect an individual's long-term success, this study investigates the individuals' collaborations on Kaggle, a crowdsourcing contest platform for data analysis. The analysis reveals a growing trend of collaborating as a transient team, which is influenced by contest designs like complexity and reward. However, compared with working independently, the surplus of teamwork in a contest varies over time. Furthermore, the teamwork experience is beneficial for individuals in the short term and long term. Our study distinguishes the team-related intellectual capital and solo-related intellectual capital, and finds a path dependency effect for the individual to work solely or collectively. These findings allow us to contribute insights into the collaborative strategies for crowd workers, contest designers, and platform operators like Kaggle.


Using the survey data of famers from Shaanxi,Ningxia,Sichuan in 2012 which was organized by Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University Resource Economy and Environment Management Research Center,the effect of agricultural porduction were studied,in order to descriptive statistical analysis on the agricultural labor force structure of western part,by using the Cobb-Douglas function model.The results showed that the left-behind agricultural labor in the western part existed that the age was older,women were more,the level of education was lower.This structure of labor was not conducive to the development of agricultural production.


The problem of placement of mesh router nodes in Wireless Mesh Networks is known to be a NP hard problem. In this paper, the problem is addressed under a constraint of network model tied to rural regions where we usually observe low density and sparse population. We consider the area to cover as decomposed into a set of elementary areas which can be required or optional in terms of coverage and where a node can be placed or not. We propose an effective algorithm to ensure the coverage. This algorithm is based on metropolis approach. We evaluated the proposed algorithm on an instance network. A close to 100 percent coverage with an optimal number of routers showed the efficiency of our approach for the mesh router node placement problem


SAR tomography is a powerful tool for analyzing forested environments. ESA seventh Earth Explorer BIOMASS will be the first spaceborne tomographic mission at P-band returning three dimensional reconstruction of the tropical vegetation. The backscattered intensity coming from specific depths inside the forest layer can be effectively related to biophysical parameters as tree height or biomass amount. Biomass estimates are very sensitive to power fluctuations in the measurements that, therefore, have to be minimized. In this work, the tomographic power fluctuations induced by irregular acquisitions and missing images are addressed. Compensation strategies are presented and their effectiveness is demonstrated using real data gathered on tropical forests.


The cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) has gained much attention in recent years due to its advantages in high voltage and high power with low harmonics applications. A standard cascaded multilevel inverter requires n DC sources for 2n+1levels at the output, where 'n' is the number of inverter stages. This project presents a topology to control cascaded multilevel inverter that is implemented with multiple DC sources to get 2 n+1 -1 levels. Without using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, the firing circuit can be implemented using Microcontroller which greatly reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and switching losses. The model of a cascaded hybrid multilevel inverter is developed with software simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.


The value of using multiple dose levels for individual shots on VSB (Variable Shaped Beam) mask writers has been demonstrated earlier [1][2]. The main advantage of modulating dose on a per shot basis is the fact that higher dose levels can be used selectively for critical features while other areas of the mask with non-critical feature types can be exposed at lower dose levels. This reduces the amount of backscattering and mask write time penalty compared to a global overdose-undersize approach. While dose assignment to certain polygons or parts of polygons (VSB shots) can easily be accomplished via DRC rules on layers with limited shape variations like contact or VIA layers, it can be challenging to come up with consistent rules for layers consisting of a very broad range of shapes, generally found on metal layers. This work introduces a method for fully model-based modulation of shot dose for VSB machines supporting between two and eight dose levels and demonstrates results achieved with this method.


The effect of the number of rotor slits on the electromagnetic torque production, torque ripple, rotor eddy-current loss and the power factor are numerically studied in case of a three phase, two-pole, 200 Hz, solid-rotor induction motor. The number of the stator slots was 48 and the number of the rotor slits was varied from 28 to 36. The depth of the rotor slits was kept at a constant value in all the calculations. The harmonic content of the air-gap flux density as well as the electromagnetic torque at each rotor slit number were studied in detail. It was also found that when the number of the rotor slits was an odd number, an unsymmetrical magnetic pull affects between the stator and the rotor.


In this paper,a subclass of univalent analysis functions denoted by Dβα is introduced in the unit disc of the complex plane.We studied the growth and covering theorems of f(z)when f(z)-z has zero of k+1 order.We also estimated the coefficient an(n=k+1,…,2k) of f(z),and proved that the bound is sharp when n equals to k+1.


Approaches to teaching "Introduction to Programming" vary considerably. However, two broad categories may be considered: product oriented vs process oriented. Whereas, in the former the final product is most significant, in the latter the process for achieving the final product is also considered very important. Process oriented programming courses strive to equip students with good programming habits. In such courses, assessment is challenging, since it requires the observation of how students develop their programs. Conventional methods and tools that assess final products are not adequate for such observation. This paper introduces a tool for non-intrusive observation of program development process. This tool is designed to support the process oriented approach of "How to Design Programs" (HtDP) and is implemented for the DrScheme environment. The design, implementation and utility of this tool is described with examples.


A female patient of 44-year old with history of being an inveterate smoker, with systemic erythematosus lupus without follow up and uterine fibromatosis with Gynecobstetric hospital admission. On the occasion of death, she was admitted with  lengthy febrile syndrome accompanied  with gastrointestinal bleeding, requiring transfusion, abscess was found in gluteal region justifying the febrile syndrome, treating her with antibiotics and improvement of this. she remained with bleeding that was increasing, hemochemical, bacteriological, immunological and endoscopic studies was performed, the same as  exploratory laparotomy without specifying the reason of bleeding. she died after bleeding large amount with hypovolemic shock confirming in the necropsy a lobular carcinoma of the breast classical variant metastases walls of small and large intestines. Lobular carcinoma is within tumors more frequently metastasize to the gastrointestinal tract.


emitter-resistor and potential-divider bias circuit is not given. Valves are discussed in Chapter 6. Valve operation is carefully contrasted against transistor operation but again bias arrangements appear as a stumbling block. The section on the CRO is curiously naive. Power supplies and filters appear in Chapter 9, but the bridge rectifier is not mentioned. The comparison offull and half-wave rectification on p. 175 is far from convincing.


Iron deficiency, which is most prevalent on calcareous soils, reduces the productivity of susceptible clovers (spp.). Factors causing differences in Fe-deficiency chlorosis susceptibility among clover cultivars and species are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of soil temperature on chlorosis expression, plant growth, and mineral nutrition of Fe-deficiency chlorosis susceptible and resistant cultivars of subterranean clover (L.; subclover). Two cultivars of subclover, 'Karridale' (susceptible) and 'Koala' (Katzn. and Morley; resistant), were grown in a greenhouse on a low-Fe Parrita soil (pH 8.2, clayey, mixed, hyperthermic, shallow Petrocalcic Paleustoll) using a Conetainer (Stuewe and Sons, Inc., Corvallis, OR) culture system with seven soil temperature treatments within the range of 7 to 33 °C. Karridale was more chlorotic at low or high soil temperatures than at an intermediate temperature, while the chlorosis of Koala changed only slightly with change of soil temperature. Cultivar difference in chlorosis was greatest at low soil temperature. Shoot dry weight and number of root nodules were higher at intermediate soil temperatures than at low temperatures for both cultivars. Koala had higher values (< 0.05) of shoot and root dry weight and number of root nodules than did Karridale. Shoot Fe concentration of Koala was greatest at intermediate soil temperature, whereas Karridale exhibited less dependence on temperature. These results indicate that soil temperature affects the differential expression of Fe-deficiency chlorosis between subciover cultivars and that low soil temperatures can be used to improve screening for Fe-deficiency chiorosis resistance of subclover.


Study aim: More is still to be known about the combinative effect of lead and arsenic compounds on critical organs. In this study, the effect of single and combined exposure to lead and arsenic on some biomarkers associated with liver and kidney functions in healthy Wistar rats was assessed. Method: The rats were divided into four groups ( n = 5) and were treated with sodium arsenite or lead acetate individually or in combination for 14 days. Results: The results revealed that single exposure to either compound caused significant increase in the hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. Significant decrease in serum proteins and glucose concentration were also observed with morphological changes in the liver of treated rats as discovered by the photomicrographs from light microscopy indicating hepatotoxicity. Similarly, significant increase in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentration with simultaneous rise in the concentrations of serum potassium and sodium were observed. The photomicrographs of the kidney from light microscopy showed congestion in the interstitial spaces indicating compromised function of the kidney. The combination of the two metals demonstrated the enhanced effect on these parameters when likened with their individual treatments. Conclusion: This study therefore proves the enhanced toxicity induced by co-exposure to lead acetate and sodium arsenite among biomarkers of liver and kidney functions in Wistar rats.


In this note, we introduce excess strategic entropy—an entropy-based measure of complexity of the strategy. It measures complexity and predictability of the (mixed) strategy of a player. We show and discuss properties of this measure and its possible applications.


Dynamical phase transition in the Ising model on a Barabasi–Albert network under the influence of periodic magnetic field is studied using Monte-Carlo simulations. For a wide range of the system sizes N and the field frequencies, approximate phase borders between dynamically ordered and disordered phases are obtained on a plane h (field amplitude) versus T/Tc (temperature normalized to the static critical temperature without external field, Tc∝lnN). On these borders, second- or first-order transitions occur, for parameter ranges separated by a tricritical point. For all frequencies of the magnetic field, position of the tricritical point is shifted toward higher values of T/Tc and lower values of h with increasing system size, i.e. the range of critical parameters corresponding to the first-order transition is broadened.


According to the definition of digitalized artillery and characteristic of the digitized artillery,the paper discusses those issues and brings forward eight problems to improve effectiveness of command and control.Optimize position deployment to adapt the change of the battlefield situation;establish a efficient reconnaissance and communication system to enhance the accuracy and veracity of the control;build up the integral information network system to carry out the dynamic control and strengthen the adaptability of the control;optimize command means to keep the contingency of the control;organize electronic countermeasures to maintain the continuity of the control;improve the survivability to insure the stability of the control;strengthen the technique safeguard to insure reliability of the control;strengthen the coordination of the control and command on the whole.


As early as 1924 Hevesy was able to demonstrate that lead moved through animal tissues by making use of a natural radioisotope of lead (Christiansen, Hevesy & Lomholt, 1924). The effect of an applied electric field upon the movement of radioactive ions through biological tissues has, however, only been studied recently. Hodgkin & Keynes (1950, 1953), working with isolated nerve fibres from Sepia, were able to show that the diffusion constant and the mobility of the radioactive K ions they had introduced into the nerve were little, if at all, less than those of K ions in free solution. The present experiments were made using the sartorius muscle of the frog, and the migration of some ions along the bundle of fibres has been observed. This migration can take place both intraand extraceliularly, but the results can be interpreted in the light of knowledge concerning the distribution of ions between extraand intracellular phases. They show that movement along the direction of the fibres in the extracellular phase is nearly as rapid as in water, while some of the applied phosphate becomes attached to the muscle material so that mobility of this fraction is greatly reduced. Potassium, which was almost certainly intraceliular, moved with mobility little less than it possesses in free solution.


Consistently lower tritium concentrations found in water distilled from silica gel than in the water vapor that had been adsorbed from air stimulated this study of isotopic exchange and the vapor p...


Eric P. ChassignetMeteorology and Physical OceanographyUniversity of Miami/RSMAS4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149-1098Phone: (305)361-4041 Fax: (305)361-4696Email: firstname.lastname@example.com #: N00014-93-1-0404LONG-TERM GOALSTo perform a realistic, fully eddy-resolving, wind- and buoyancy-forced numerical simulation of theNorth Atlantic basin with the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) (Bleck andChassignet, 1994) with data assimilation capabilities.OBJECTIVESa) To evaluate the model's performance in reproducing the oceanic circulation, with a special focus onthe coastal regions;b) To evaluate the model's forecast skills and usefulness in providing boundary conditions forregional models.APPROACHA series of numerical models of increasing complexity and resolution is used to (a) evaluate themodel's forecast skills and (b) develop an understanding of the interaction between the ocean interiorand the coastal regions.WORK COMPLETEDa) Analysis of the medium-resolution (1/2


In the skeletal remains of earlier populations, the presence and severity of dental caries preserves evidence about general health and diet. The quality of the data collected on dental caries is hi ...


In this paper, we report findings on how user behaviors vary in tasks with different difficulty levels as well as of different types. Two behavioral signals: document dwell time and number of content pages viewed per query, were found to be able to help the system detect when users are working with difficult tasks.


A recent paper in this journal (Drechsler, 2013) traced the origins of modern public management to the Wanyanshu, a memorandum Wang Anshi submitted in 1058 to a Song Dynasty emperor in China. We raise doubts about the author's assessment and claims about that still remarkable document about government human resource management, in part by citing Chinese historians' ambivalence. Believing in the value of Sino-Western comparative research in public management, we push back the origins of Chinese statecraft by 2,000 years by suggesting further research into older and greater Chinese contributions to global public management.