The economic, regulatory, and technological uncertainties involved with renewable energy and synthetic fuel development call for risk evaluation based on probability at an early stage of the project. Probabilistic cost estimating (PCE) identifies and quantifies program risks in a two-step data-acquisition and -processing approach designed to improve decision making beyond that of traditional cost-benefit approaches. 5 references, 8 figures, 1 table. (DCK)


Abstract Objectives: In adult rats, a latent respiratory motor pathway can be pharmacologically activated with 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline) to restore respiratory-related activity to a hemidiaphragm paralysed by an ipsilateral upper cervical (C2) spinal cord hemisection. The purpose of this review is to describe mechanisms that underlie theophylline-induced recovery of respiratoryrelated function following C2 hemisection and to underscore the therapeutic potential of theophylline therapy in spinal cord injured patients with respiratory deficits. Methods: Theophylline mediates recovery of respiratory-related activity via antagonism of central adenosine A1 receptors. When administered chronically, the drug restores and maintains recovered function. Since theophylline is an adenosine receptor antagonist with affinity for both the adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, we assessed the relative contributions of each receptor to functional recovery. While A1 receptor antagonism plays a predominant role, activation of the A2 receptors by specific agonists subserves the A1 receptor-mediated actions. That is, when an adenosine A2 receptor agonist is administered first, it primes the system such that subsequent administration of the A1 antagonist induces a greater degree of recovered respiratory activity than when the antagonist alone is administered. Results: Chronic oral administration of theophylline in C2 hemisected animals demonstrates that even when animals have been weaned from the drug, theophylline-induced recovered respiratory actions persist. This suggests that in clinical application, it may not be necessary to maintain patients on long-term theophylline. We have shown that recovery of respiratory-related activity in the ipsilateral phrenic nerve can occur spontaneously 3–4 months after C2 hemisection. Theophylline administration after this post-injury period obliterates/negates the recovery function. This indicates strongly that there is therapeutic window (more acutely after injury) for the initiation of theophylline therapy. We have also demonstrated that peripheral (carotid bodies) adenosine A1 receptors can be selectively activated to modulate theophyllineinduced CNS actions. Blocking central adenosine receptors while simultaneously activating peripheral adenosine receptors minimizes the potential of respiratory muscle fatigue with theophylline. Discussion: The significance of the current findings lies in the potential clinical application of theophylline therapy in spinal cord injured patients with respiratory deficits. The ultimate goal of theophylline therapy is to wean ventilator-dependent patients off ventilatory support. Thus far, our animal studies suggest that the onset of theophylline therapy must be soon after injury.


View of the Waimangu geyser throwing up water, photographed in 1903 by Charles Lloyd.
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - bottom right - WAIMANGU 1 Nov 1903 PROTECTED C.A.Lloyd
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Glass negative


We outline an analysis of the Stokes lineshape dispersion in trans(CH)" which attributes the effect to the excitation energy dependence of the relaxation pathway for the polymer following photoexcitation rather than to Raman scattering in short trans segments.


GASKILL, GUSSIE E. Far Eastern bibliography 1947. Ithaca, N. Y., Cornell university press, 1948. 84 p. Published for the Far Eastern Association, Inc. Ho YUNG-CHI. The big circle. New York, Exposition press, 1948. Dealing with the China-Burma-India campaigns during the recent war. MILLINGTON, HERBERT. American diplomacy and the war of the Pacific. New York, Columbia university press, 1948. 172 p. PARK, NO-YONG. The white man's peace: an oriental view of our attempts at making world peace. Boston, Mass., Meador publishing company, 1948. 252 p.


Twenty-eight year old Sachi Virahsawmy, has graduated from The American University in Cairo in the Fall of 2010, but has still decided to remain in AUC. His love for the Egyptian culture as well as for his job as the on campus Residence Director has made Sachi favor Egypt over Mauritius, his home-town.


VJY has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Bayer, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma and Pfizer. JO has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Biotest, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Pfizer. SR has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Baxter, Grifols, Biotest and Pfizer. MHK has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Grifols. JB is employee of Grifols. ES has received reimbursement for attending symposia/congresses and/or honoraria for speaking and/or honoraria for consulting, and/or funds for research from Bayer, Baxter, Pfizer, CSL Behring, Novo-Nordisk, Sobi/ Biogen, Octapharma, Kedrion, Roche and Grifols.


The structure of hydrogen chloride (dimer, crystal lattice and liquid) has been calculated using an intermolecular potential model that consists of a central Lennard-Jones (12, 6) part, a polarizable dipole and a permanent quadrupole. Good agreement with available experimental data and quantum mechanical results is obtained for all three structures. In addition the potential model gives satisfactory results for the pressure second virial coefficient. Previous potential models for HCl have been unable to reproduce the liquid structure very accurately.


A case of a 38 year-old male is reported, in whom routine general investigation after myocardial infarction revealed a deficiency in the prostacyclin synthesis stimulating plasma factor. Examination of all available members of the family showed a congenital defect of as yet unknown pathogenetic significance.


Background: Clinicalreminders (CRs) are designed to cue the healthcare team to provideevidence-based guidelines and care. Inappropriate, delayed, or lack of responseto CRs for sepsis may result in excessive reminders contributing to alarmfatigue and failure to rescue.
 Methods: QualitativeInitiative/Analysis, Retrospective Medical Review, Questionnaire/Survey.Pre/post data pull (audit) of the impact of the study interventions (editingthe CRs, updating nurse and physician on latest sepsis guidelines).Post-intervention survey of nurses/clinicians regarding their response to CRs.Specific aims: (I) improve sepsis bundle compliance using Sepsis CMS CoreMeasure (SEP-1) criteria; (II) increase efficiency of CR/best practice alerts(BPAs) by decreasing frequency of inappropriate CR/BPAs via refinement ofresponse algorithm; (III) provide nurse/clinician update of Surviving SepsisCampaign (SSC): International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and SepticShock: 2016.
 Results: Theinstitution's inpatient hospital quality measures dashboard: sepsis: earlymanagement bundle, severe sepsis/septic shock: sampled. Centers for Medicare& Medicaid Services (CMS). Pre-project adherence (July 2017) =3%;post-project adherence (December 2017) =48% positive trending to nearinstitutional goal with a 45% improvement with adherence to the sepsis bundle(institutional target ≥50%). Inpatient optimalcare reported via The Balanced Scorecard—hospital core measure: inpatientoptimal care score: sepsis (SEP-1) demonstrated a 94.85% increase in YTD 18 Actual41.7% compared to YTD 17 Actual 21.4% (data source—Quantros). #CR/BPA pre- andpost-intervention—base sepsis detection/SIRS criteria for registered nurse (RN)(sepsis CR/BPA) July 2017—13,391 (pre-intervention) compared to January2018—16,612 (post-intervention) (February 2018—11,081) and July 2018—8,622 (6months later). The nursing survey revealed nursing documentation practice canaffect timing of CRs and potentially delay recognition of sepsis/septic shock.Protocols for sepsis being in place does not equate to adherence to policy. Conclusions: Reminderfatigue is a not completely unavoidable with increasingly complex patients. CRdesign, education for use, and continued auditing can decrease alarm fatigueand improve patient outcomes.


Background: Hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) has generated about half of the total infection of hepatitis in the world. Poor environmental sanitation and unhealthy behavior of the society can increase the risk of Hepatitis A transmission. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of the village on biopsychosocial determinants of Hepatitis A. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a case-control approach. This study was conducted from January to February 2020. This study used fixed disease sampling. The sample of this study was 200 patients consisted of 50 Hepatitis A patients and 150 non-Hepatitis A patients in villages in Pacitan Regency. The dependent variable was Hepatitis A. The independent variables were age, education, income, history of Hepatitis A vaccination, handwashing behavior, food consumption, availability of clean water, and availability of latrines. This study used questionnaires to collect the data. The data were analyzed by multilevel multiple logistic regression using Stata 13. Results: The risk of Hepatitis A infection decreased with age ≥40 years (OR= 0.06; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.27; p<0.001), high education (OR= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.72; p= 0.018), high income (OR= 0.14; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.77; p= 0.023), and history of Hepatitis A vaccination (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.84; p= 0.036). The risk of Hepatitis A infection  increased with poor hand washing behavior (OR= 5.27; 95% CI= 1.32 to 21.03; p= 0.019), unhygienic food consumption (OR= 9.67; 95% CI= 2.41 to 38.76; p= 0.001), poor clean water availability (OR= 22.64; 95% CI= 5.49 to 93.35; p<0.001), and poor latrine (OR= 4.78; 95% CI= 1.42 to 16.07; p= 0.012). Village did not have level a contextual effect on Hepatitis A infection with intra-class correlation <1%. Conclusion: The risk of Hepatitis A infection decreases with age ≥40 years, high education, high income, and history of Hepatitis A vaccination. It increases with poor hand washing behavior, unhygienic food consumption, poor clean water availability, and poor latrine. Village does not have level a contextual effect on Hepatitis A. Keyword s : Hepatitis A, vaccine, contextual effect, multilevel analysis Correspondence:  Sugeng Retyono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Mobile: +6287758732030. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2020), 05(02): 195-106 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2020.05.02.07


In this paper, we study a new problem that we refer to as the multiple knapsack with color constraints (MKCP). Motivated by a real application from the steel industry, the MKCP can be formulated by generalizing the multiple knapsack problem. A real-life instance (called mkc) of this problem class is available through MIPLIB (Bixby 2004) and a larger instance (mkc7) is downloadable from the COIN site (IBM 2004). The focus of this paper is to present improved computational results for the two mentioned instances of this problem using a column-generation approach. We solve mkc to optimality and use Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for upper bounding the other instance. Solving mkc to optimality took less time than it takes to solve the LP relaxation of the original formulation. The larger instance is solved to near optimality (within 0.5 of optimality) in a fraction of the time required to solve the original relaxed LP.


Annual meetings of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies (ASECS) typically feature strong representation by the disciplines of English language and literature, French and Germanic literatures, history and art history. Certain fields of study within and across these disciplines also figure prominently, especially Enlightenment studies, early romanticism, religious studies and British studies. Musicology, while certainly a much smaller presence at ASECS relative to these disciplines and fields, is playing an increasingly visible and vital role in the Society. The support of the Society for Eighteenth-Century Music, the Mozart Society of America, the Haydn Society of North America, the North American British Music Studies Association and other ASECS affiliates have been instrumental in this growing presence. A striking aspect of the 2015 meeting was that a clear majority of musicology papers belonged to panels not sponsored by one of these musical societies. On Thursday Glenda Goodman (University of Pennsylvania) drew on extensive evidence from musical commonplace books and manuscripts to argue that these sources were vital to men's and women's self-fashioning as amateur musicians in eighteenth-century New England. Alyson McLamore (California Polytechnic Institute) considered the role of women concert organizers in London's musical life, specifically Ann Ford at the Little Theatre in London's Haymarket and Theresa Cornelys in forming the partnership of J. C. Bach and C. F. Abel. Also centred on musical life in London was a paper by Michael Burden (University of Oxford) entitled '"A Side Box at the Opera": The Gendering of the Box at London's King's Theatre'. In a lively panel on questions of authenticity and 'Ossian's Legacy', Paul Moulton (College of Idaho) argued that conceptions of genius in early romantic musical thought owe a significant debt to Ossian. Thursday also featured the first of a series of stimulating panels on rethinking romanticism in the long eighteenth century. The origins of romanticism in musicological historiography typically postdate those found in scholarship on British history and literature, sometimes by a significant margin (with origins increasingly being pushed backward, as the session chair, Jeff Strabone of Connecticut College, controversially suggested of the work of Scottish poet and songwriter Allan Ramsay). Edmund Goehring (University of Western Ontario) illuminated several central aspects of the musical side of early romantic historiography, drawing on Mozart reception by Hoffmann and Reichardt, and the contested status of such accounts in recent scholarship. It was refreshing to have a musicological voice on a topic that would have been dominated in past meetings by non-musical scholars. On Friday the Mozart Society of America sponsored a rich panel of four papers chaired by Laurel Zeiss (Baylor University). Bertil Van Boer (Western Washington University) contrasted two case studies of Mozart reception in Stockholm and New York in the 1790s. Sarah Eyerly (Florida State University) crossed conventional boundaries between sacred and secular by examining the intertextual circulation of Mozart's music and contrafacta in Moravian communities in Pennsylvania and New York. Martin Nedbal (University of Arkansas) challenged boundaries between court and urban musical production and reception in his paper 'Between the Court and the Suburbs: Die Zauberflöte's Aesthetic Background and Early Viennese Reception in View of the Opera's 1801 Hoftheater Production'. Goehring concluded the session by considering the Kantian aesthetic of virtue as applied to early Mozart reception. While some resisted Mozart on the grounds that listeners to his music are merely engaged in an empty play of the senses, others argued that pleasure and virtue could coexist, viewing Die Zauberflöte as archetypal in this respect. Estelle Joubert (Dalhousie University) presented two papers. The first, given during a teaching-related panel, centred on a new music-course proposal, 'Music in the Global Eighteenth Century', arising from the Balzan Research Project at Oxford University directed by Reinhard Strohm. The second, 'Toward a Post-Habermasian Public Sphere in Musicology', posed serious questions about the role of the public sphere in eighteenth-century


In order to research the impact of blow-card process on neps,neps with seeds removing plus the size of neps and size of neps with seeds.Test of neps in the raw cotton,lap and the card sliver produced with small screen under different speed of the taker-in roller and the doff roller proves that the amount of neps in the lap and the number of neps with cracked seeds increases markedly in contrast to the neps in the raw cotton in raw cotton and blow-card processes.There is no visible regulation regarding the diameter of the neps in the lap and the neps with cracked seeds in contrast to the neps in the raw cotton.This shows that the characteristic of the raw cotton is closely related to the size of the neps and the neps with seeds in process of blowing.There is marked decrease of amount of neps in the card sliver and neps with seeds in contrast to that in the raw cotton,the capacity of the card and speed of the taker-in roller are an important factor.


>An exact solution was obtained for the problem of oscillation of the electron density in a plasma with zero electron temperature. The restrictions on the initial conditions necessary for existence of the oscillations are established. (auth)


A study by Thompson, Hatchett, and Phillips (1981) found that males and females differed in their judgment of interpersonal verbs (IPVs). Females were said to give more extreme affect ratings and less extreme control ratings to IPVs than did males. The present study re-examined these findings utilizing multidimensional scaling techniques. Similarity/dissimilarity ratings of 105 combinations of 15 paired IPVs were made by 43 female and 39 male students. Analysis via COSPA yielded two dimensions of meaning underlying IPVs which were similar to those used by Thompson et al.: Affect and Control. Analyses of the data using three different approaches failed, however, to bear out Thompson et al.'s findings of sex differences in the judgment of IPVs.


This paper provides the first critical edition of the anonymous 13th century Questiones de coitu. This text is placed in its scholastic context, its sources are studied and its originality is analyzed.


Investigations of conditions for crystallization providing desirable modes of heat and mass transfer during terrestrial and space experiments have been carried out. They are necessary for semiconductor crystal growth with high homogeneity of properties using Ge doped with Ga. Mathematical simulation and experimental investigations of the influence of the intensity of convective flows on micro- and macrohomogeneity ofcrystals grown by the method of vertical directed crystallization have been carried out. It has been shown that, to achieve high homogeneity of crystal properties at growth under both terrestrial and space conditions, minimization of a radial temperature gradient and elimination of a free melt surface (Marangoni convection) are necessary.


An ODD(Optical Disk Drive) equipped with a non-volatile memory and a driving method thereof are provided to output stored data based on a recording speed of an optical medium without controlling a CPU of a host by storing driving information and the data to be stored to the optical medium in the non-volatile memory at once. A controller(220) generates a first control signal based on driving information and a command received from a host. A non-volatile memory outputs the driving information, and buffers data received from the host or read from an optical medium(260) by responding to the first control signal. The driving information includes a booting code for booting an ODD and a drive file for driving the ODD. The controller determines to write the data, which is received from the host and is stored in the non-volatile memory, to the optical medium, or reads the data from the optical medium or the non-volatile memory based on the command received from the host. The non-volatile memory is a NAND flash memory(210) and outputs the stored data based on the first control signal without controlling the host.


The present Heavy Ion Driver design for HYLIFE-II calls for 96 beams from each side, or a total of 192 beams. The beams are separated from each other, at present, by an angle of 4.25 degrees. This report shows the focus magnet locations and a magnet build that leads to the minimum angle of 4.25 degrees between beams. Beam line and first wall shielding for the oscillating flow version of HYLIFE-II is accomplished by a series of horizontal and vertical jets. Ideally the horizontal jets would not deviate from a straight line but this is not feasible due to the force of gravity. Methods of altering the beam line array pattern to accommodate the curved ''horizontal'' jets are addressed.


A Pontian Greek, IliasKementzides was born in Russia and later moved to the Thessaloniki area. He learned to play the Pontian lyra from his uncle, and he began playing professionally while farming.He settled in the US in 1974, where he became a highly respected musician. He received the National Heritage Fellowship in 1989


Despite recent advances in tensor compilers, it often takes hours to generate an efficient kernel for an operator, a compute-intensive sub-task in a deep neural network (DNN), on various accelerators (e.g., GPUs). This significantly slows down DNN development cycles and incurs heavy burdens on the development of general kernel libraries and custom kernels, especially for new hardware vendors. The slow compilation process is due to the large search space formulated by existing DNN compilers, which have to use machine learning algorithms to find good solutions. In this paper, we present ROLLER, which takes a different construction-based approach to generate kernels. At the core of ROLLER is rTile, a new tile abstraction that encapsulates tensor shapes that align with the key features of the underlying accelerator, thus achieving efficient execution by limiting the shape choices. ROLLER then adopts a recursive rTile-based construction algorithm to generate rTile-based programs (rProgram), whose performance can be evaluated efficiently with a micro-performance model without being evaluated in a real device. As a result, ROLLER can generate efficient kernels in seconds, with comparable performance to the state-of-the-art solutions on popular accelerators like GPUs, while offering better kernels on newer accelerators


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. This disease has currently affected more than 346 million people and resulted in more than 5.5 million deaths in many countries. Neutralising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus could serve as prophylactic/therapeutic agents in COVID‐19 infection by providing passive protection against the virus in individuals. Until now, no Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency‐approved neutralising MAb against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus exists in the market, though a number of MAbs have been authorised for emergency use. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of efficient anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralising MAbs for use in the clinic. Moreover, neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs could be used as beneficial tools for designing epitope‐based vaccines against the virus. Given that the target epitope of a MAb is a crucial feature influencing its neutralising potency, target epitopes of neutralising anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 MAbs already reported in the literature and reactivity of these MAbs with SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are reviewed herein.


Double-C60-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (FPEOF) exhibited concentration-dependent optical limiting behavior in toluene, THF, and water. Its performance was not only inferior to C60−toluene solution with similar C60 concentration, but its linear transmittance was also remarkably lowered by the aggregation of C60 in the solutions. Optical limiting studies with poly(ethylene oxide)/FPEOF blends suggested the significance of bimolecular excited-state processes (such as the formation of C60 excimers) to the optical limiting performance of FPEOF at 532 nm. Although an aqueous multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) suspension showed only weak optical limiting actions toward laser at 532 nm operating at 20 Hz, its mixing with FPEOF solution resulted in enhanced optical limiting responses. FPEOF/MWNT composites also exhibited optical limiting responses at 1064 nm.


Advanced fuzzy set theoretic techniques play an important role in image processing mostly in medical field. Medical images are inadequately illuminated, where regions are vague or hardly visible, creating uncertainty. Intuitionistic fuzzy sets are more useful in processing the medical images in early days. Cancer is one of most common disease in women worldwide. The final prediction and prognosis of cancer is based on the examination of cells or tissues under the microscope by a pathologist. The digital slides are converted to images, which can be viewed and analyzed on a computer monitor. These are called digital pathology images. These images are then analyzed through various image processing algorithms. At the same time, histopathology images are very complicated to diagnosis the cancer cells from the hematoxylin and erosion stains. This kind of situation is handled by advanced intuitionistic fuzzy set theories. This paper presents triangular IFS applied for a segment of cancer nuclei from cancer histopathology images. Before segmentation, the contrast level is improved by using contrast stretching. This proposed method is evaluated by F1Score, Dice metric and Jaccard index. TriIFS method produced better results when compared with the existing standard segmentation algorithms.


Objective:To study the relationship between children strengths and difficulties questionnaire(SDQ)and child behavior checklist(CBCL)in children and adolescents. Method:The parents of 1902 students who came from 12 primary-middle school and nursery school in Shanghai completed SDQ and CBCL. Results:Except a few items,the majority of items had significant relationship between SDQ and CBCL.(P0.01 or P0.05 ). Conclusion:SDQ has significant correlations to CBCL,and can be used to assess the children and adolescent in shanghai.


Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a B-cell lymphoma originating in the skin, stomach, lymph nodes, salivary glands, and other organs. Cutaneous MZL can be a primary cutaneous disease (PCMZL) or can be secondary to other MZL (SCMZL). SCMZL has been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis C infection, and Sjogren disease. Investigators explored differences in the clinical presentation and pathologic findings of these two disease types.

In a retrospective review of 4 …


Provided in the utility model is an intelligent household system based on web controlling. The intelligent household system comprises a mobile terminal, a WiFi serial port conversion module using an MIPS chip as the core, an STM32 control module, a DALI control module, an SI4463 wireless communication module and an infrared transmitting circuit. The mobile terminal uses a browser to transmit data to the WiFi serial port conversion module by WiFi and then the data are transmitted to the STM32 control module. The STM32 control module carries out data processing and transmits the processed data to the SI4463 wireless communication module by an SPI bus, thereby controlling a curtain control module and an environment parameter data acquisition module. On the basis of the technical scheme, with the WiFi, the bus, and the wireless communication module, various household appliances can be controlled by using a mobile terminal and the operation is convenient and simple, so that the user can control the household appliances conveniently and the working situations of the household appliances can be known in real time. Compared with the traditional Zigbee networking, the layout of the system is simple and convenient.


Campylobacter pylori has been associated to peptic ulcer and gastritis. We investigated the presence of C pylori in 17 children and 50 adults who needed endoscopy to investigate upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Gram stain, Whartin-Starry stain and the urease test were used to identify the germ; best results were obtained with the Gram stain. C pylori was present in 5.8% of children and 88% of adults, including all patients with peptic ulcer and 36 out of 39 with histologic evidence of gastritis. However, the germ was also found in 79% of patients with a normal mucosa. Our results suggest that C pylori is frequently present in gastric mucosa of children and adults with upper gastrointestinal problems. Further studies are needed to elucidate its possible pathogenic role in gastritis or peptic ulcer.


Abstract Background: There is increasing evidence suggesting that the Locus Coeruleus plays a role in pain-related anxiety. Indeed, we previously found that prolonged arthritis produces anxiety-like behavior in rats, along with enhanced expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (a marker of plasticity) in the Locus Coeruleus. However, it is unknown how this effect correlates with the electrophysiological activity of Locus Coeruleus neurons or pain-related anxiety. Methods: Using the complete Freund's adjuvant model of monoarthritis in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we studied the behavioral attributes of pain and anxiety as well as Locus Coeruleus electrophysiology in vivo 1 (MA1W) and 4 weeks (MA4W) after disease induction. Results: The manifestation of anxiety in MA4W was accompanied by dampened tonic Locus Coeruleus activity, which was coupled to an exacerbated evoked Locus Coeruleus response to noxious stimulation of the inflamed and healthy paw. When a mitogen-activating extracellular kinase inhibitor was administered to the contralateral Locus Coeruleus of MA4W, the phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 levels in the Locus Coeruleus were restored and the exaggerated evoked response was blocked, reversing the anxiogenic-like behavior while pain hypersensitivity remained unaltered. Conclusion: As phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 blockade in the Locus Coeruleus relieved anxiety and counteracted altered LC function, we propose that phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in the Locus Coeruleus plays a crucial role in pain-related anxiety.


The present invention is full-screen one-handed operation The full screen single-hand operation method, after activating the single-hand operation mode, the displaying a cursor indicator element on the screen of the smart device, according to the slide locus generated when the user slides the screen of the smart device and moving the cursor indicator element, if the cursor indicator element is moved within the trigger zone is allowed respond to the trigger operation and the user has received the trigger event that triggers the screen, a response to the trigger event prohibition to and including the step of responding to trigger operation to be performed in the trigger zone. After activating the single-hand operation mode, it is possible to realize the movement of the cursor indicator element in the full screen range one-handed operation in the small range, by triggering the trigger zone cursor indicator element is positioned, the full-screen it is not necessary to reduce the display contents, the user solves the difficult problem of realization of full-screen one-handed operation of the smart device of a large screen, to realize the full screen one-handed operation even without reducing the display contents of the full-screen it can be provided an advantage of being able. .FIELD 1


We synthesized a polymer, poly(N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) (PDAIPB), of which the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital was measured to be 5.6 eV below vacuum level. In this article, PDAIPB was used as a hole transporter in a light emitting diode, with tri(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (Alq3) as an electron transporter and emitting layer to ameliorate the stability of the device, and fullerene doped in the hole transporting layer as a sensitizer to study the influence of sensitizer on organic electroluminescence (EL). Internal EL quantum efficiency as high as 7.8% was obtained under an applied electric field of 1.2×106 V/cm and doping fullerene concentration of 0.9 wt %. A function for EL quantum efficiency in terms of the dopant concentration is derived. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental results.


The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the Dakota conflict in 1862 affected the Swedish immigrants in Minnesota and how the collective memory was shaped in that particular group of people. ...


We present off-axis measurements of wavefront aberrations in the pupil plane for several points in the vertical and horizontal meridians (F ig. 1). T hes e meas urements were obtained with an ocular aberrometer that incorporates the S hack-Hartmann (S H) wavefront sensor, pupil-tracking system, B adal adjustment s tage, fixation target and a laser-diode probing beam. We collected experimental data for 15 young and healthy subjects .


Through the meaning that develops public body activities in the city and current situation analysis,which infiltrate the impact upon the city's sports culture from the perspective of different aspects of the public body activities by use of sports sociology and management theory,it provides a theoretical basis for the building of the city's sports culture.At the same time,existing deficiency in developing the public body activities may give government departments and administrators,and training population the implement recommendation.


Chapter headings only.Introduction. Applications I. Deriving SDL. Language Extension. Testing I. SDL and MSC for the next millennium. UML in collaboration with MSC and SDL. Code Generation. Metric. Applications II. Testing II.Time, performance and simulation. Author index.


The present study was made on the influence of acute change in plasma sodium level on the renin secretion in the anesthetized dog. Plasma sodium concentration was reduced by a peritoneal dialysis with low sodium lavage solution, and was returned by administration of hypertonic saline solution. The renin secretion markedly increased following a reduction of the plasma sodium level, and decreased following administration of hypertonic saline solution.


Due to the current pandemic, the elderly in care homes are greatly affected by the lack of contact with their families, resulting in various mental conditions (e.g., depression, feelings of loneliness) and deterioration of mental health for dementia patients. In response, residents and family members increasingly resorted to mediated communication to maintain social contact. To facilitate high-quality mediated social contact between residents in nursing homes and remote family members, we developed an Augmented Reality (AR)-based communication tool. The proposed demonstrator improved this situation by providing a working communication tool that enables the elderly to feel being together with their family by means of AR techniques. A complete end-to-end-chain architecture is defined, where the aspects of capture, transmission, and rendering are thoroughly investigated to fit the purpose of the use case. Based on an extensive user study comprising user experience (UX) and quality of service (QoS) measurements, each module is presented with the improvements made and the resulting higher quality AR communication platform.


A new nonlinear predictive adaptive control is presented in this paper. The presence of parameter uncertainty in the system inherently causes bad control behaviour. Hence, an identification algorithm based on reference model is used in parallel with the predictive control design giving the new proposed algorithm. This algorithm is successfully demonstrated by numerical examples. The experiments presented highlight the effectiveness of the nonlinear predictive adaptive controller in terms of tracking and regulation.


In 2009, 48 out of the 50 states in the U.S. came together under the leadership of the National Governors Association (NGA) and the Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO) to write "college-and-career ready" school standards for Mathematics and English Language Arts. The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) were released on 2 June 2010, and they have been adopted by 45 states. Twenty years earlier, in 1989, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics made the first move in the modern era towards a common understanding of school mathematics [6]. Before that time curriculum varied among the nation's 13,500 school districts. The NCTM standards were not themselves an act of government, but in response to them the governments of the 50 states started developing their own standards, bringing a measure of consistency to the mathematics curriculum within states. However, consistency between states proved elusive and in the years after 1989 state standards diverged greatly. For example, Table 1 shows the 2006 distribution of grade levels at which 42 state standards introduced addition and subtraction of fractions:


Background—Internal mammary artery conduits (IMA) have an excellent long-term patency rate. Nevertheless, graft closure does occur and significantly limits future revascularization options. We sought to investigate the relationship between the long-term patency of IMA with clinical and angiographic parameters. Particularly, the preoperative degree of stenosis of the relevant bypassed coronary vessel was assessed to analyze the importance of chronic competitive flow on the arterial graft closure rate. Methods and Results—Consecutive patients in whom occlusion of at least 1 IMA had been documented at angiography (OCC group) were compared with a group of patients with patent IMA grafts (PAT group). The degree of stenosis in the native coronary artery on which the IMA was placed was analyzed by off-line quantitative coronary angiography. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression was used to identify independent clinical and angiographic predictors of occlusion. The OCC group comprised 96 patients (67±10 years) with 103 native bypassed arteries analyzed. The PAT group comprised 127 patients (69±8 years) with 170 native bypassed arteries analyzed. Both groups were similar except for gender (42% versus 32% female; P=0.04), height (166±8 versus 169±8 cm; P=0.006), minimum lumen diameter (0.76±0.7 versus 0.51±0.5; P=0.001), and diameter stenosis of the native artery (73±25% versus 84±16%; P<0.0001) in OCC versus PAT, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, only percent diameter stenosis was an independent and statistically significant predictor for graft patency. Among IMA placed on coronary arteries with a diameter of stenosis <50% (n=28), the occlusion rate was very high (79%). Conclusion—The degree of stenosis in the native vessel is a major predictor of internal mammary artery bypass graft patency. The association between nonsignificant stenosis of the native artery and high occlusion rate of the arterial bypass conduit raises concerns about the use of IMA in the treatment of native vessels with only mild or moderate stenosis.


Affected variables of information needs occurrence of an information seeker which discussed in this paper are an important research area of the user studies. This paper is drawn on literary reviews focusing, in particularly the information needs concepts, theories, and its affected variables which explored the cognitive metaphors and methods. Even though researchers reviewed a range of several existing published pieces of literature on the target topic, the main objective of this paper is to discuss the key concepts of information needs from different angles to unify the concept of information needs through a new dimension while designing a very comprehensive hypothetical model of information needs occurrences. This paper found that information needs occurrences happen through a complex process of involving the individual's insufficient knowledge structure. The complexity arose due to two kind of basic variables such as cognitive and socio variables. The problem of insufficient knowledge became apparent when a variety of void areas were identified in the current state of knowledge. These voids were identified through cognitive environment. The cognitive variables were found as a set of features which expresses the individual's knowledge identity and capacity. This paper suggests that some specific cognitive factors such as skill factors, knowledge factors and psychological statuses of the overall intellectual power which affected with the insufficient needs. In this context, different avenues of information needs occurrences were discussed in order to identify the nature of the needs and the characteristics involved with that process. Key words: Information needs, Information needs occurrence, Information seeking, Information seeking models doi: 10.4038/jula.v11i0.323 Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka (Vol. 11) 2007 p.50-78


Specific activities of natural (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) radionuclides in 250 beach sand samples collected from 5 beaches in 5 districts which are Rachadapisek beach in Nong Chick district, Talokapo beach in Yaring district, Panarae beach in Panarae district, Wasukri beach in Saiburi district and Pamai beach in Mai Kaen district in Pattani province, have been studied and measured. Experimental results were obtained by using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma spectrometry analysis system and also evaluated by using the standard reference materials IAEA-SOIL-6 which were obtained from Office of Atoms for Peace. Experimental set-up and measurement were operated and carried out at laboratory research building, Office of Atoms for Peace, Bangkok. It was found that, the mean values of specific activities of 40K in Rachadapisek, Talokapo, Panarae, Wasukri and Pamai beaches were 427.58 ± 14.09, 1090.62 ± 54.28, 463.95 ± 14.06, 449.07 ± 13.80 and 433.49 ± 12.77 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean values of specific activities of 226Ra were 31.10 ± 7.63, 160.68 ± 8.07, 84.41 ± 13.09, 33.98 ± 7.76 and 44.42 ± 10.17 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean values of specific activities of 232Th were 11.40 ± 1.75, 356.65 ± 6.59, 74.50 ± 3.07, 16.04 ± 1.78 and 26.86 ± 2.08 Bq/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the specific activities of natural radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) in this areas were also used to evaluate the gamma absorbed dose rates (D), the radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the external hazard index (Hex) and the annual external effective dose rate in this area. Furthermore, experimental results were also compared to research data in the southern region of Thailand, the Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) annual report and the recommended values which were proposed by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 1988, 1993, 2000).The first section in your paper


Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) methods, for solving electromagnetic problem ,uses two discretizations, to volume cells for resistive-inductive partitions and to surface cells for capacitive partitions. Three-dimensional (3-D) problem geometry is partitioned to hexahedral volume cells. Around outer surface of these cells, with half-cell shift, surface cells will take place. When FastCap2 is to be used for capacitance calculation of surface cells, care should be taken for relative position between edges of neighbouring cells. How this relation will influence accuracy of calculated values, and situation to avoid will be part of this work. Key-Words: PEEC Method, FastCap2, Capacitance Calculations, Non-Orthogonal Cells, Relative Position of Neighboring Cell Edges


Science trace element selenium has been proved essential to animal nutrition,the biological functions and the application on animal production of selenium were universally and extensively investigated.In this paper the applications and the study focus of selenium were summarized.


This article deals with the different ways fans commemorate and venerate the American rock star and poet Jim Morrison (1943-1971), at his grave at Pere Lachaise cemetary in Paris and for which the senses play an important role.


What will it take for a robust socio-economic transformation in Tanzania to be realized? Drawing on extensive research into high-achieving countries including learning missions to Viet Nam, China, Namibia and Brazil, this brief identifies eight key messages for unlocking Tanzania's socio-economic potential and realising the goal of transforming Tanzania into a semi-industrialised, middle-income country by 2025.


It is established that the major protein-synthesizing activity of the liver cell resides in the microsome fraction. This has been shown both by studies in the intact animal and also by incubation of the isolated fraction. More recently evidence has been obtained for the synthesis of serum albumin by such a preparation (Campbell & Kernot, 1962; Sargent & Campbell, 1963). Morphologically the liver microsome fraction is complex and it is necessary therefore to determine which of the various elements is responsible for the synthesis of protein. Palade & Siekevitz (1956) were the first to show that a major constituent of the microsome fraction is pieces of the roughsurfaced endoplasmic reticulum. This is thought to consist of a phospholipid membrane studded with ribosomes. Other elements are the smoothsurfaced reticulum, also associated with the Golgi zone, and free ribosomes. These three constituents are depicted in Fig. 1. It is not certain to what extent the different constituents are truly separate entities, for the free ribosomes may have been derived from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, their detachment giving rise to the smooth-surfaced membrane. Nevertheless, elements with these characteristics may be seen in electron micrographs of the intact liver cell. If the microsome fraction of rat liver is treated with detergents such as deoxycholate or Lubrol then the membrane components are rendered soluble and the particles may be collected by centrifugation. As shown in Fig. 1 these particles may have come from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum or from the free ribosomes. Many call these particles obtained by the use of detergents 'ribosomes', but since it is not clear in what way the ribosomes have been affected by the detergent it seems preferable to refer to them as 'RNPt particles'. The view held at present is that the proteinsynthetic activity of the cell is confined to the


The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of different doses of nitrogen (N) on the nutritional status of phosphorus (P) in roots and leaves of green bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike), and also to examine the response of acid- phosphatase activity as the main bioindicator of P. Nitrogen was applied to the nutrient solution as NH 4 NO 3 and increasing doses of: N1 = 1.5 mM, N2 = 3.0 mM, N3 = 6.0 mM, N4 = 12.0 mM, N5 = 18.0 mM, and N6 = 24.0 mM of N were added. The results indicate that both deficient and toxic N doses were characterized by the lowest level of total, inorganic and organic phosphorus, as well as the highest activity of acid phosphatase; these effects are due to the direct influence between N and P levels. Treatment N4 presents the highest levels of the diverse fractions of P and the lowest activity of acid phosphatase. Additionally, it was found that the highest proportion of P in roots and leaves are in the forms of P-inorganic (Pi) and P-organic. These represented more than 65 % of total P, so it can be said that they represent the main forms of phosphorus in green bean plants. Finally, it should be noted that acid phosphatase activity was significantly correlated with Pi, which indicates that it can be used as a good indicator of the nutritional status of P in the roots and leaves of green bean plants.


material culture including archaeometallurgical remains. Chapters 6 and 7 offer concluding discussions; Chapter 6 by presenting diachronic landscape histories for the five main chronological eras: the Neolithic period to the Bronze Age; the Geometric to the Classical period; the Hellenistic and Roman periods; the Byzantine period; and finally from the Medieval period to modern times. These discussions by specialists cover thematic issues such as communication and foreign relations, material culture patterns, and modes of production, but also different types of settlement and land-use patterns as indicators of politico-economic organization. Chapter 7, on the other hand, presents an integrated discussion of social landscapes (through analysis of the material culture within the interpretative context of social archaeology): firstly concerning the dynamics of human and physical landscapes and geobotanical results; then industrial and agricultural landscapes; and finally the ideational (or cognitive) landscapes. A final conclusion summarizes the results concerning the identification of agricultural villages and industrial sites in the vicinity of copper resources, settlement hierarchies through the different periods, the survey methodology, and the resulting holistic view on the social archaeology of the surveyed regional landscapes. The SCSP provides valuable insight into the organization of the primary production sites in the hinterland of the coastal centres associated with the productive stages of copper trade, and the effects of regional or 'imperial' economic systems on such local polities. The prehistoric landscape was severely altered by intensive mining and agriculture, and the documented technological and archaeometallurgical finds will help reconstruct the industrial landscapes of the past with their chaînes opératoires, which converge with agricultural exploitation in specific settlement hierarchies. Especially noteworthy are the project's visionary contributions to regional survey practice in the Mediterranean region. At the beginning of the 1990s, features such as the integration of geomorphology, GIS, aerial photography, the combination of geobotanical survey and satellite imagery, the incorporation of historical archaeology and ethnohistory into archaeological field survey, and the use of archaeometallurgy in the study of prehistoric and historic mining were not at all common for survey projects, although first attempts had already proven to be highly useful. The same concern with methodological innovation can be seen in the strategy to work with chronotypes for pottery analysis, chosen in order to achieve a better systemization of unknown pottery types or wares, especially for the later periods. Although this certainly is beneficial for internal pottery analysis (and in some cases very entertaining, as denominations such as 'Piecrust Rim' or 'Yogurt ware' give a good visual impression), this system has some disadvantages for the comparison with known pottery types and assemblages from other sites. The numerous charts and selected photographs illustrate the material well, with the advantage of keeping the volume concise and affordable, while the large amount of collected material will undoubtedly fuel further specialist studies to be published separately in the years to come. This book could certainly serve as a model for other publications of intra-disciplinary survey projects not only on Cyprus, but in the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean as well.


Melt flow in centrifugal casting plays a major role in determining the acceptability of the casting size & shape. The mechanical properties of casting are determined by factors such as in rotational speed, pouring temperature of melt, fluid properties like viscosity, mould dimension, orientation and aspect ratio. Since it is difficult to study the melt flow as melt & mould are opaque and casting process is rapid Hence in the current investigation Casts are obtained using paraffin wax having melting temperature of about 55-65 0 C . Also in order to study the particle distributions solid particles of lower density has been introduced to the liquid and melt by doing this we can optimize the parameters to get better cast.


Most acoustic levitation techniques are limited to objects smaller than half the wavelength. To overcome this limit, different strategies have been proposed for suspending macroscopic objects in mid-air. Two approaches to levitate spherical and non-spherical macroscopic objects have been recently presented: the acoustical virtual vortices and the boundary hologram method. However, the former approach places high demands on the available hardware due to the mandatory high switching rate while the latter uses a computationally expensive model that prevents future real-time manipulation. In the present work, we demonstrate the single-beam levitation of a Mie sphere using a 2D transducer array. To achieve this, we employ a computationally fast sound field model based on spherical harmonics expansion. To obtain a suitable array output, we formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the stability of the sphere while keeping the net force balanced. In addition, we prove the local asymptotic stability for the equilibrium position and determine a domain of attraction using Lyapunov-based methods. In experiments, we show that the macroscopic sphere is stably levitated in a twin tuning forks trap, which results from a superposition of two twin trap signatures and a bottle trap signature. This result could open up the possibility of a computationally fast and convenient non-contact manipulation of macroscopic objects by a superposition of holographic elements in future applications.


The paper presents a systematic overview of the static and dynamic analysis of turbine foundations made of reinforced concrete. It discusses the load cases to be applied, the required ultimate limit and serviceability limit state checks, the assessment of the static and dynamic foundation stiffness and special provisions required in seismic areas. Turbine foundation design is an ambitious task, requiring attention to detail and plausibility checking of all input/output parameters, as a shut down of a turbine caused by an insufficiently designed and built foundation will lead to damage that is in no proportion to its cost.


In this article I reflect on the lessons to be learnt regarding methodology both from classic authors, such as Elias or Goffman, and from recent approaches whose aim is to renew some research techniques or to explore new realms from which to get research materials, as is the case with netnography. After this, I will explain how these classic and new perspectives were of help in order to solve setbacks while I was carrying out a qualitative research. This was about the new ways of controlling the workforce and producing in innovation-intensive industries. Thanks to the methodological strategies I used then, I could discover new research materials that let me become aware of ignored aspects of the problem under study and also know these sectors' typical conflicts more deeply. To sum up, I argue for making the initial methodological design more flexible and restructuring it along the way. In this vein, we should use materials that we even come across during the research, if those may help us better approach the phenomenon which we are looking in, for this is our main goal after all.


HCV-related decompensated cirrhos, hypersplenism, thrombocytopenia, which not only affect the standard antiviral therapy, fail to achieve the sustained virological response(SVR), but also increase the risk of infection and bleeding.The only successful option is liver transplantation(LT), but the recurrence of HCV after LT remains to be resolved.The patients of HCV genotype 2 are suitable for splenectomy and antiviral therapy following splenectomy, which can achieved a higher SVR and reversed cirrhosis.As an effective alternative to splenectomy, the partial splenic embolization(PSE) can improve the changes of portal hemodynamics and reduce the sequelae of portal hypertension.The appearance of direct antiviral drugs(DAAs) has bring hope for those with decompensated cirrhos and whom IFN is contraindicated or tolerated poorly, those who are waiting for LT or with recurrence of hepatitis C after LT.The treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhos is as follows.

Key words:
Hepatitis C; Cirrhosis of the liver; The splenic function; Sustained virological response; Liver transplantation; The spleen cut method; Direct antiviral drugs


Dispersion equation for Love waves in a fluid-saturated porous isotropic layer over a semi-infinite non homogene-ous elastic medium with half-space rectangular irregularity was derived by perturbation technique and Fourier transformation. Analysis of the dispersion equation indicated that the phase velocity was strongly correlated with wave number, depth of the irregularity and inhomogeneity parameter. The variations of dimensionless phase velo-city with dimensionless wave number were plotted for different sizes of rectangular irregularities and inhomogen-eity parameter using Matlab graphical routines; and the phase velocity increased with wave number and inhomog-eneity parameter. Due to the effect of irregularity at the interface, the phase velocity of Love waves in the fluid saturated porous isotropic layer over homogeneous elastic half space increased at slightly faster rate than the phase velocity of Love waves in the fluid saturated porous isotropic layer over non-homogeneous elastic half space for the ratio of rectangular depth to isotropic layer thickness; while the phase velocity decreased with increase in the value of the inhomogeneity parameter. Keywords: Love Wave, Perturbation Technique, Phase Velocity, Dispersion Equation, Fourier Transforms


The purpose of this special issue is to document the proceedings of a conference on clinical decision making in physical therapy sponsored by the American Physical Therapy Association's Department of Education and held October 2–5,1988, at the Tan-Tar-A Resort in Lake of the Ozarks, Osage Beach, Mo. We invited all speakers at that conference to adapt their presentations for publication to share with our readers their thoughts and opinions on this important topic that will shape the future of our profession. The manuscripts for this issue were reviewed by a three-member committee in addition to the Editor. We wish to thank Otto Payton, PhD, Gail Jensen, PhD, and Anthony Delitto for devoting their valuable time to participate as members of the review committee.

The primary objective of the conference was to begin the preparation for the introduction of clinical decision making into the curricula of education programs for the physical therapist.…


Experiments were carried out using a prepulse‐free hybrid KrF excimer‐dye laser system (700fs pulse duration, 248nm wavelength, 15mJ pulse energy). The intensity of the p‐polarized, focused laser beam was 1.5⋅1017 W/cm2. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and x‐rays from solid state laser plasmas were generated in the laser‐plasma interaction of subpicosecond laser pulses of nonrelativistic laser intensities. An x‐ray sensitive FLM photodiode (ITE, Warsaw) was used to detect x‐rays between 1–19 keV in front of the targets. The diode was filtered by a 4μm Al foil. The dependence of the x‐ray flux on laser intensity and the angular distribution of x‐rays for aluminum and copper targets in the half space of the front side of the targets were investigated.


With the rapid growth of social media, people are more aware of cyber bullying on the internet. The most important aspect for preventing cyber bullying is to detect the abusive content. In this paper, we build a Long Short-Term MemoryNeural Network-Deterministic Finite Automaton (LND) model which considers not only the language content, but also the user's characteristics and historical speech on social network. Due to the lack of labeled content, we utilize Douban's reviewers data by analyzing speech patterns with polarized emotions. Then the learned model is applied to analyze Chinese cyber bully behaviors on Weibo. As a result, the accuracy of detecting cyber bullying increases from 89% (sensitive lexicon filtering method) to 95% by considering user's behavior features and language emotional polarity scores. Our model is capable of analyze real celebrities' Weibo webpages and assists prevention of cyber bullying on social media.


Bio-electrical impedance measures the impedance of living tissues to the flow of a harmless alternating electrical current. For this purpose we need a current source, the most important circuit block of a bio-electrical impedance measurement system. Such a current source is required to have large output impedance and should be able to supply a constant output current in a wide frequency range. In this paper, we have introduced the design of an improved Howland current source using OTA (Operational Transconductance Amplifier) and compared its performance with the conventional Improved Howland model over a wide frequency range of 10 kHz to 1MHz. The simulation results show that our current source is able to provide a stable output current below 1mA for loads varying from 1kΩ to 10kΩ.


Today, the 3D data is almost exclusively used as a support for visualization purposes. In other words, 3D worlds are populated by implicit information that can be understood mostly by human actors. A human sees that the scene contains building, trees and other meaningful objects, whereas an agent accessing the scene only detects a set of polygons or other geometric primitives. We aim at giving meaning to 3D models in such a way that agents (i.e. not necessarily human actors) can visualize and make use of the information embedded in these models.


It is very common to see that in almost every daily routine, digital electronic devices provide vast comfort and flexibility for consumers. Companies designing and manufacturing these devices use advanced hardware and software tools. Engineering graduates sometimes have difficulty securing an entry-level industry job since there are major differences between what they have learned in school and the latest technological development tools used in the industry. In this paper, a state of the art embedded systems laboratory course is introduced. This lab course helps students with the experience of designing and implementing applications in embedded systems by using modern hardware and software development tools. It aims to teach theoretical and practical, organizational and architectural concepts regarding microprocessors via advanced engineering projects. The evaluation of the course indicates that most of the objectives have been


The study of particle size effect provides the fundamental understanding of the active sites that is necessary for guiding the design and development of better catalysts. Here we report a systematic investigation of particle size effect of hydrogen oxidation and evolution reaction (HOR/HER) on carbon supported Pd nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 3 to 42 nm in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes using rotating disk electrode (RDE) method. Similar particle size effect was obtained in both acid and base: the HOR/HER activity in terms of specific exchange current density increases as Pd particle size increases from 3 to 19 nm, and then reaches a plateau with activity similar to that of bulk Pd. The enhanced activity with rising particle size could be attributed to the increased ratio of the sites with weaker hydrogen binding energy revealed in cyclic voltammograms (CVs). Pd catalysts with different Pd particle sizes all showed much higher HOR/HER activity in acid than in base, which is largely attributed to their smaller hydrogen binding energy in acid evidenced by the lower potential of the underpotential deposited hydrogen (Hupd) peak in CVs as well as the smaller activation energy in acid. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0661606jes] All rights reserved.


Portfolio selection problem has been one of the most researched topics in the area of finance. Since Markowitz's initial contribution in the 1950s, many scholars have sought to understand how investors choose the assets that make up their portfolios and, especially, which asset characteristics produce themost financially advantageous portfolios. In addition to mean and variance as metrics initially optimized by Markowitz, skewness has been widely discussed in academia as an important feature in building efficient portfolios. This paper aims to compare the performance of four evolutionary algorithms employed as a multiobjective optimization technique applied to the portfolio selection problem. The multiobjective algorithms NSGAII, MOEAD, IBEA and GDE3 were used to simultaneously optimize the average portfolio return as well as its asymmetry. The data collected in this survey refer to the daily returns of companies listed in the USmarket (Dow Jones Index) and the optimal portfolios of each algorithm were analyzed in the period (20102014) and out of the sample (20152017). The evolutionary algorithms presented solutions with superior performance to randomly generated portfolios. Finally, statistical tests showed that the GDE3 algorithm presented the best performance inside and outside the sample among the tested algorithms.


BACKGROUND & AIMS
Genetic ancestry or racial differences in health outcomes exist in diseases associated with systemic inflammation (e.g., Covid-19). This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic ancestry and race with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation, multi-organ failure and high risk of short-term death.

METHODS
This prospective cohort study analyzed a comprehensive set of data including genetic ancestry and race, among several others, in 1274 patients with acutely decompensated cirrhosis (ADC) who were nonelectively admitted to 44 hospitals from 7 Latin American countries.

RESULTS
395 (31.0%) had ACLF of any grade at enrollment. Patients with ACLF had higher median percentage of Native American genetic ancestry and lower median percentage of European ancestry than patients without ACLF (22.6% vs 12.9% and 53.4% vs 59.6%, respectively). The median percentage of African genetic ancestry was low among patients with ACLF and among those without. In terms of race, a higher percentage of patients with ACLF than patients without ACLF were Native Americans and a lower percentage of patients with ACLF than patients without were European Americans or African Americans. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, the odds ratio for ACLF at enrollment was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.13) with Native American genetic ancestry and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.84-3.58) for Native American race vs. European American race.

CONCLUSIONS
In a large cohort of Latin American patients with ADC, increasing percentages of Native American ancestry and Native American race were factors independently associated with ACLF at enrollment.


This paper reviews the consequences and implications of implementing structural flood mitigating measures in Metro Manila with respect to flood and environmental protection. It focuses particularly on the effects and consequences of constructing and operating structural flood mitigation measures to Metro Manila's vulnerability as caused by flood hazards. It is surmised that the structural flood mitigation measures are important components in the reduction of flood in Metro Manila, however, examination of its implementation has revealed, aside from the expected benefits, several disadvantages, which in some cases resulted in more damages and greater losses. On one hand, affected communities are protected, to a certain degree from the ravages of flood; on the other hand, it provides a false sense of security to settlers and investors, which paves the way for higher urbanization, which consequently increase Metro Manila's vulnerability, aside from the fact that several environmental components were already sacrificed during the construction phase. Thus, it is imperative to weigh the benefits against the disbenefits of having structural flood mitigation measures prior engaging to such costly endeavor.


AT THE University of Kentucky in the fall of 1949, a class studying current usage and grammar under Professor George P. Faust undertook to throw some light on the question of how adequately college handbooks of English reflect actual usage.' The importance of this question depends upon what we conceive to be the purpose of a handbook: not merely to make recommendations concerning those points of grammar and usage where students are likely to err, but to provide a bird's-eye view of the English language as it is spoken and written. A handbook obviously cannot be a comprehensive grammar of the English language, but it should treat grammatical problems as far as space and the understanding of the student will permit. A basic premise is that it is the duty of a handbook to mirror actual usage; if it fails to do this, it loses touch with the language as it is really spoken and written, teaching instead a schoolbook English that has no valid basis or reason for being. The problem chosen for investigation was the use of it. For a sample of how handbooks treat it, five handbooks were checked on the subject of reference of pronouns.2 For a sample of how it is used in current periodicals, each member of the class checked three samples (500 words from each of three articles) in one issue of one magazine.3 Every it and its was


The impact of sewage sludge and effluent on soil and underground water after about 40 years of application was evaluated in this study, with a particular focus on selected soil chemical properties, some trace element (Zn, Cu) and heavy metal (Pb and Cd) accumulation, mobility in the soil profile and possible contamination of the underground water. The chemical properties of the soil studied included pH, exchangeable cations and acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available P, organic matter and total N. Long-term disposal of sewage sludge and effluents on the soils significantly (P < 0.001) increased the exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, available P, soil organic matter, total N and CEC, but significantly lowered the pH of the soils. The fertility status of the sewage-treated soil was thus enhanced. The study also showed that both trace elements and heavy metals were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in the sewage-amended soils than in the unamended soils. The accumulation of the trace and heavy metals in the former implies that the agricultural utilization of the sewage sludge and effluent should be done with care. The study showed no obvious adverse impact of the sewage sludge and effluent on underground water quality, but contamination by Pb is possible in the future.


Objective: Executive attention (EA), the neurocognitive correlate of effortful control (EC), allows attention to shift between negative, neutral, and positive thoughts. Links between EA and externalizing symptomatology have been established, but explanation as to why individuals develop internalizing symptomatology (IS) is limited. Research supports that those high in rejection sensitivity (RS) are more likely to develop IS; however, this relationship has not been investigated while also measuring levels of EA. We hypothesized that RS would moderate the relationship between EA and IS in adults, such that the negative relationship between EA and IS will be amplified in those high but not low on RS.
 Method: 117 undergraduate students, (M = 21.39 years, SD = 6.38), a non-clinical sample of convenience from a 2017 study, completed the Attention Network Task, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. The sample was 76.5% female; 33.3% African-American, 18.5% Asian, 17.8% Latino/a, 17.8% White, 7.4% Middle Eastern, and 4.4% "Other."
 Results: There was no significant positive effect of EA on IS, B = .55 95% CI [-5.30, 6.40], p = .85. RS was positively correlated (r = .18, p = .02) with IS, supporting previous research. EA was not correlated with RS and did not interact with RS to predict increases in IS, B = -3.30 95% CI [-30.41, 23.83], p =.81.
 Conclusion: Results suggest a heteromethod convergence problem and/or the role of other attention processes within EC, suggesting dissociable relationships between attention processes and clinical presentations. Limitations include sample size, composition, and use of self- report measures.


To study the immunological characteristics of recombinant 38KDa protein (rTPA38), to find specificity of diagnostic reagent. We first inoculated strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(H37RV),BCG, Kansasii, Fortuitum and Scrofulaceum into guinea pig,s abdomen respectively till they got sensitive to each kind of bacteria. secondly, we took intracutaneous injection to each guinea pig with 0.2ug of rTPA38 for study, 5IU of PPD for positive control and natural saline for negative control respectively, they skin response was measured by transverse and ordinate mean diameters 48 hours after imjection. The purified rTPA38 was ured to detect sera antibodier using enzyme-linked immnosorbent assay(ELISA), and using the PPD as control. The guinea pigs delay-typed hypersensitisation (DTH) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis had a positive skin response to rTPA38 protein like PPD. The guinea pigs with Mycobacterium Kansaceii, Fortuitum, Scrofulaceum or BCG had very weak resitive to rTPA38 protein. All of these guinea pigs had positive response to PPD. In detecting the sera of 238 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the sensitivity of rTPA38 and PPD was 65.1% and 72.7% respectively. The specificity of rTPA38 and PPD in detecting of other groups: healthy control, non-tuberculosis respivatury patients, BCG-vaccinated healthy controls, was 95.6%, 95.9%, 88.5%;and 91.8%, 85.4%, 68.7% respectively. In detecting the sera of non-tuberculosis respivatury patients, BCG-vaccinated healthy controls, rTPA38 had much more positive reactions than that of PPD. [Conclusion] rTPA38 has similar function as PPD to induce the DTH of guinea pig, rTPA38, which can provide a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, may become effective antigen in ELISA. It may be used as a new reagent for diagnosis of tuberculosis.


Many forward electromagnetic scattering models have been proposed to predict the normalized radar cross section, /spl sigma//sup 0/, from sea ice characteristics. The authors apply scatterometer data to large scale inverse modeling. Given the limited resolution, they adopt a simple geometric optics forward scattering model to analyze surface and volume scattering contributions to observed Ku-band signatures. A model inversion technique based on recursive optimization of an objective function is developed. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the method in the presence of noise. The inverse model is implemented using Ku-band image reconstructed data collected by the NASA scatterometer. The results are used to analyze and interpret /spl sigma//sup 0/ phenomena occurring in the Arctic.


Anthony Turton, Head of the African Water Issues Research Unit (AWIRU) at the University of Pretoria, spoke to Ronnie Kasrils, South African Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry.


A novel Fe2O3-coated microfiber composite zeolite membrane catalyst (Fe/LTA/PSSF) was prepared for the catalytic combustion of acetone. The macropore structure of PSSF is conducive to improving the efficiency of mass and heat transfer.


A strategic approach of combining a new cohost system and low concentration of new TADF emitters to make efficient blue TADF OLED was developed. The benchmark TADF molecule, 4CzIPN, was adopted as a probe to examine the feasibility of a cohost composing of a hole-transporter SimCP and an electron-transporter oCF3-T2T. A sky blue device with 1wt% 4CzIPN doped in SimCP:oCF3-T2T cohost exhibited completed energy transfer and achieved high EQE up to 26.1%. More importantly, this device showed limited efficiency roll-off with EQE of 24% at 1000 cd m-2. To further blue-shift the emission, three new TADF molecules, 4CzIPN-CF3, 3CzIPN-H-CF3 and 3CzIPN-CF3 modified either by lower the electron-withdrawing ability of acceptor group or reduce the number of carbazole donors of 4CzIPN have been synthesized and characterized. Among them, 4CzIPN-CF3 and 3CzIPN-H-CF3 display hypsochromic shift emissions as compared to that of 4CzIPN. These new molecules were then explored their applications as TADF emitters. Blue TADF OLEDs with 1wt% of 4CzIPN-CF3 and 3CzIPN-H-CF3 dispersed in SimCP:oCF3-T2T cohost achieved EQE of 23.1% and 16.5%, and retained high EQE of 20.9% and 14.7% at 1000 cd m-2, respectively.


This study was aimed to obtain the optimal quality of coconut sap at the tapping stage related to tapping time and duration and addition of natural preservative named laru. The study was designed as factorial design with complete randomized block. The factors applied were tapping time at morning to noon (06.00 - 14.00 AM) and at afternoon to evening (14.00 - 22.00 PM), tapping duration in 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours and laru addition in 0 and 2%. The results showed that the quality of coconut sap (volume, discharge, acidity level/pH and sucrose content) from tapping at afternoon to evening time was higher and better than tapping at morning to noon time. In tapping coconut sap without laru addition, the optimal time duration of tapping at the morning to noon is 6 hours, while tapping time at the afternoon to evening is 8 hours. In tapping coconut sap with the addition of laru, the optimal limit of tapping time at the morning to noon is 8 hours, while for tapping in the afternoon to night is more than 8 hours.


The A case concerns the activities of Yu Feng, a young entrepreneur, and his LCD media business. Having achieved success in governmental service, Yu Feng discovers the potential for LCD media during a trip to the United States. The case outlines his success and describes the competition with his archrival, Jiang Nanchun. Both men are trying to outdo each other, at considerable cost. The case ends with Yu Feng wondering what to do next. See also the B (UVA-OB-0911) and C (UVA-OB-0912) cases. Excerpt UVA-OB-0910 Rev. May 15, 2012 Target Media (A) There is no peace in facing this type of competitor…I am not afraid of competition, but this cutthroat price war will only lead both parties to a dead end. Focus Media and Target Media have fought against each other over the past three years. If we both go public, we will be able to raise enough capital to keep fighting in the same way for another two years, but what shall we do thereafter? —Yu Feng, founder and CEO of Target Media Yu Feng and Target Media . . .


Primary school mathematics teaching through fun situations,breaking the key and difficulties,in the classroom,make students guess estimates,to guide students to explore mathematics through cooperative inquiry for students to experience success,encouraging competition,and ultimately allow students to hand and brain,sublimation of thinking,to improve elementary school mathematics effectiveness of classroom teaching.


Standing out from most nineteenth-century economists, Marshall addresses the role of women and the family in the progress of society entirely from the perspective of economics. His ideas on the subject developed throughout the course of his career as an economist. In the early 1870s they appear in the background of his analysis concerning ways to increase laborers' welfare. At the end of the 1870s, he presents the influences of the home, and especially the influence of the mother, as decisive causes of the individuals' efficiency and character. These developments form the ground upon which Marshall's ideas will later be systematized, leading to their inclusion in Principles in the form of a complete theory situated at the heart of his analysis of well-being and progress. The purpose of the article is to compare Marshall's treatment of the question of the role of women and the family in the progress of society with his analysis of well-being and progress, as well as their respective evolution, for the period between the1870s and the last edition of Principles in 1920.


A family of mixing formulas is generalized in this paper to cover mixtures where dielectrically anisotropic spherical inclusions are embedded in isotropic host material. The usual limitations of quasistatic mixing rules apply also here that the inclusions should be small compared with wavelength. Special emphasis with numerical examples and illustrations is focused on the case where the inclusions are randomly oriented in the mixture, making the mixture isotropic. The result is a general mixing formula from which special cases can be extracted, among others the generalizations of Maxwell-Garnett, Effective Medium, and Coherent Potential formulas.


Purpose: Due to an increased interest in health, there have been many types of marathon races for athletes and the general population. Marathon is an extremely difficult sport, therefore, many running injuries can occur. In this study, we aimed at characterization of injuries and clinical courses resulting from marathon induced heat stroke. Based on our findings, we provide suggestions for proper management of patients with marathon induced heat stroke. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 24 patients who visited the emergency department (ED) at Yeouido St. Mary`s hospital between January 2000 and August 2011 with symptoms of heat stroke resulting from participation in a marathon race. We reviewed the medical records, which showed clinical presentation and laboratory findings. Results: Of the 24 patients, 20(83.3%) were men. Their average age was 38.1±8.4 years old and their average initial rectal temperature was 39.9±1.3℃. Seventeen (70.8%) patients came to the ED complaining of syncope and seven(29.2%) came because of mental change. In follow- up laboratory tests, ten patients showed an increased level of serum Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) to over 1,000 IU/L, six showed serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to over 300 IU/L, four showed serum creatinine to over 2.0 mg/dL, and two showed an increase in serum troponin-I and MB fraction of creatine kinase. Results of initial laboratory tests showed normal AST/ALT levels, however, they started to rise between 12 to 24 hours, and reached the highest record after 2~3 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: Marathon induced heat stroke can cause various complications, such as rhabdomyolysis, acute hepatic injury, acute renal failure, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, we recommend follow-up and observation for patients with marathon induced heat stroke.


This study aimed to predict stability of rice supply and market price in facing food security challenges. It develops supply and demand model to predict with scenarios of AR5 of the IPCC. Fluctuation of modem and local varieties yield during A man and Bora seasons is higher in RCP6.0 compared to RCP8.5. Volatility of consumption and price is found in RCP6.0 and SSP2 as well as RCP8.5 and SSP3, but price and consumption is relatively stable in RCP8.5 and SSP3. The simulation result suggests that developing temperature-resilient Aman cultivar and ensuring irrigation facilities in the Bora season are necessary in future.


Technics flow of Daqing simulation well multiphase-flow device was introduced,the SCADA system of the device was researched,software and hardware of the SCADA system were detailed with their important components,now the SCADA system is running.


Background: The short synacthen test (SST) is the gold standard investigation for the evaluation of adrenal insufficiency and is also frequently used for the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The 0900-h serum cortisol concentration has also been evaluated as an indication of cortisol reserve, and a result >450 nmol/L is highly suggestive of a normal serum cortisol response to the insulin tolerance test, while no patient with a 0900-h serum cortisol <100nmol/L had a sufficient response. The aim of this study was to determine if the number of inappropriate SSTs could be reduced if a 0900-h serum total cortisol was done prior to the dynamic function test. Method: Two hundred and ten SSTs were performed at 0900 h and the response at 30 min evaluated. Results: Of the 210 SST, 151 (71%) demonstrated a maximum response at 30 min of serum cortisol >550 nmol/L. All the patients with a 0900-h serum cortisol >500 nmol/L had an adequate response (>550 nmol/L), while no patient with a 0900-h serum cortisol of <100 nmol/L had an adequate SST response. Twenty one per cent of patients were shown to have had an unnecessary invasive procedure. Conclusion: We conclude that the SST is of little added value in patients with a 0900-h serum cortisol of less than 100 nmol/L or more than 500 nmol/L and it should be included in the appropriate protocols for endocrine investigation.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate various kinematic movements on postoperative pain using a Reciproc system. Material and Methods: Fifty-six molar teeth were divided into four groups according to kinematics as follows: continuous rotation, 360° CCW – 30° CW, 270° CCW – 30° CW, and 150° CCW – 30° CW. Preoperative and postoperative pain levels using visual analogue scale (VAS), percussion pain, and analgesic intake were recorded for each subject. Postoperative pain levels at 1, 3, 5, and 7 d were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal-Walis, Mann-Whitney-U, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square tests (p=0.05). Results: Continuous rotation resulted in more pain at Day 1 when compared with the reciprocating groups (360° CCW – 30° CW and 270° CCW – 30° C) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Continuous rotation resulted in more postoperative pain at Day 1 than in reciprocating groups, and thereafter no significant pain was found among the groups.


To identify the factors involved in the preferential disappearance of mt – cp nucleoids, young zygotes of C.reinhardtii were treated with specific inhibitors of translation in chloroplasts (chloramphenicol, erythromycin) and in the cytoplasm (cycloheximide), with inhibitors of transcription in chloroplasts (rifampicin) and in the cytoplasm (actinomycin D and α -amanitin), at various temperatures, with chelating agents (EDTA, EGTA), and with UV light. These experiments indicated that de novo mt + nuclear gene expression that is sensitive to UV irradiation would be responsible for the preferential disappearance.


Producers in the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States manage soil compaction in conservation tillage systems by in-row subsoiling prior to planting. However, planting directly over the loosened zone of soil can be difficult in high-residue conservation tillage systems where cover crop production is maximized, because the loosened soil is often covered by the large amounts of cover crop residue. Tractors equipped with guidance systems could assist with placement of in-row subsoiling and planting operations, but little is known about the accuracy necessary to maximize rooting development, reduce succeeding soil compaction, and optimize crop yield. An experiment was conducted in south-central Alabama to determine the maximum distance in-row subsoiling performed by three different implements could be from the cotton row without reducing cotton growth and increasing soil compaction. Results showed that if the cotton row was within 5.1 cm of in-row subsoiling, the relative seed cotton yield is 44% greater than a corresponding no-subsoiling treatment. No significant differences were found between the three in-row subsoiling implements used in the experiment. Recommendations resulting from this experiment indicate that to maximize crop yields and minimize soil compaction in the row, the subsoiled zone should be kept within 5 cm of the row.


Summary of regulation of substrate utilization in lactating mammary gland of the rat Extracellular signals Regulated Ketone Intracellular Substrate process Insulin bodies signals References Glucose Transport Activation - - Threadgold & Kuhn (1984) Hexokinase (EC18.104.22.168) Phosphofructo- kinase (EC 22.214.171.124) Pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 18.104.22.168) Acetyl-CoA car b o x y 1 as e (EC 18.104.22.168) Activation Inhibition Glucose-6- Mercer & Williamson phosphate (1988), Burnol et ul. (inhibitor) (1988) Activation Inhibition Citrate Zammit (1979), Ward (inhibitor), & Kuhn (1985), fructose-2,6- Mercer & bisphosphate Williamson (1988) (activator) (inhibitor) Munday & Williamson Activation Inhibition Acetyl-CoA Baxter & Coore (1Y78), (1981), Kilgour & Vernon (1987) (1987), Burnol et al. (1988) Activation - - Munday & Williamson Triacylglycerols Lipoprotein Activation - - Da Costa & Williamson lipase (1994) (EC 220.127.116.11) Amino acids Uptake - Inhibition


1. In pregnancy, plasma protein binding of certain drugs is reduced due to a reduction in serum albumin concentration. Due to an increase in cardiac output in pregnancy there is a 50% increase of effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. This results in a corresponding increase in renal drug clearance.


In 2017, Mayo was above average for mortality for all ages due to alcohol related causes (60.5 per 100,000 population, compared to a National rate of 58.6 per 100,000). In 2017, the percentage of potential years of life lost (PYLL) per 100,000 population due to selected alcohol related causes are below average for females (200.7, per 100,000 population, National 298.2 per 100,000) and for males are also below average (794.3 per 100,000 population, National 1006.10). In 2017, Mayo was below average for hospital admission rate for mental and behaviour disorders due to alcohol (70.0 per 100,000 population, National 83.74) and below average for alcoholic liver disease (22.9 per 100,000 population, National 36.48). In 2017, Mayo was average for psychiatric in-patient rates per 100,000 for alcohol disorders for first admissions (9.3 per 100,000 population, National 9.2) and for all admissions ( 20.7 per 100,000 population, National 24.1). In 2017, Mayo had one of the lowest alcohol treatment rates at 63.5 per 100,000 population (National 153.2). In January 2019, Mayo ranked 2nd for the number of liquor licenses with 423.73per 100,000 (National 273.13). In 2017, the rate per 100,000 of alcohol related offences in Mayo was above average for drink driving at 182.1 per 100,000 population, average for disorderly conduct offences at 420.0 per 100,000 and also average for liquor licensing offences at 21.4 per 100,000, compared to the National rates (drink driving 153.8 per 100,000, disorderly conduct 528.4 and liquor licensing offences 17.3 respectively).


Abstract. We present field observations from coarse-grained streams in the Swiss Alps
and the Peruvian Andes to explore the controls on the probability of
material entrainment. We calculate shear stress that is expected for a mean
annual water discharge and compare these estimates with grain-specific
critical shear stresses that we use as thresholds. We find that the
probability of material transport largely depends on the sorting of the bed
material, expressed by the D96∕D50 ratio, and the reach gradient but
not on mean annual discharge. The results of regression analyses
additionally suggest that among these variables, the sorting exerts the
largest control on the transport probability of grains. Furthermore, because
the sorting is significantly correlated neither to reach gradient nor to
water discharge, we propose that the granulometric composition of the
material represents an independent, yet important control on the motion of
clasts in coarse-grained streams.


Materials and brazed joints for automotive exhaust systems have to resist the corrosive nature of aggressive exhaust gases as well as static and cyclic loads. In the present study, the influence of condensate corrosion according to VDA 230–214, with an ageing duration of up to 6 weeks, on the tensile and fatigue properties of stainless steel AISI 304L and brazed AISI 304L/BNi‐2 joints is investigated. In relation to the as‐received condition, the ultimate tensile strength is decreased down to 58 % and a reduction of the fatigue strength at 2⋅106 cycles down to 22 % is determined for brazed specimens, pre‐corroded for 6 weeks. In contrast to the brazed stainless steel joints, the condensate corrosion does not influence the tensile properties of the AISI 304L base material. Stress concentrations at the corrosion‐dependent circumferential grooves at the brazing seam are evaluated by stress intensity factors, which are well appropriate to characterise the fatigue behaviour depending on the corrosion condition.


It is well established that there are differences in autism awareness and stigma around the world. We investigate how this is manifested in Twitter data. First, we compared tweeting behavior during World Autism Day between users from the United States (US) and India over a 4-year period. We investigated how tweeting may be related to stigma by comparing the likelihood that users in India tweet about autism compared to two other public health issues that carry comparatively more and less stigma (AIDS and tobacco cessation, respectively). We found that users from India are significantly less likely to tweet about autism compared to users from the US. This is also true for AIDS. On the other hand, users in India tweet more about tobacco cessation than those in the US. We discuss our results in light of issues related to awareness and stigma. We conclude by providing design implications for creating effective autism Twitter campaigns.


Commercial insurance system acts like a memoryless system in a way that the premiums paid by the policyholders in one accounting period will be of no avail to them during subsequent periods. Here, we argue that if the insurance scheme is implemented as a not-for-profit trust fund (social insurance) instead of a for-profit limited liability company (commercial insurance) then it will effectively and less expensively hedge against unforeseen losses. If the profit of the insurance company is retained instead of being distributed to the stockholders and there is no agency commission then after a certain number of years, all upcoming claims can be addressed from the interest income of the accumulated profit and the policyholders do not need to pay any premium afterwards. Here, we algebraically calculate the time period required to achieve such a perpetual insurance system as the policyholders after a certain period of time, do no longer need to pay any premium in order to get coverage from losses. In the next step, we empirically calculate the required time period to attain a perpetual zero premium insurance scheme for some 20 (twenty) general insurance companies incorporated in Bangladesh.


Abstract Background Long-term survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at elevated risk for neurocognitive deficits and corresponding brain dysfunction. This study examined sex-based differences in functional neuroimaging outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors treated with chemotherapy alone. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and neurocognitive testing were obtained in 123 survivors (46% male; median [min-max] age = 14.2 years [8.3-26.5 years]; time since diagnosis = 7.7 years [5.1-12.5 years]) treated on the St. Jude Total XV treatment protocol. Participants performed the n-back working memory task in a 3 T scanner. Functional neuroimaging data were processed (realigned, slice time corrected, normalized, smoothed) and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping with contrasts for 1-back and 2-back conditions, which reflect varying degrees of working memory and task load. Group-level fMRI contrasts were stratified by sex and adjusted for age and methotrexate exposure. Statistical tests were 2-sided (P < .05 statistical significance threshold). Results Relative to males, female survivors exhibited less activation (ie, reduced blood oxygen dependent–level signals) in the right parietal operculum, supramarginal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal medial gyrus during increased working memory load (family-wise error–corrected P = .004 to .008, adjusting for age and methotrexate dose). Female survivors were slower to correctly respond to the 2-back condition than males (P < .05), though there were no differences in overall accuracy. Performance accuracy was negatively correlated with fMRI activity in female survivors (Pearson's r = −0.39 to −0.29, P = .001 to .02), but not in males. Conclusions These results suggest the working memory network is more impaired in female survivors than male survivors, which may contribute to ongoing functional deficits.