This paper describes the design and implementation of a file system for educational operating system. The file system is developed with a series of experiments consisting often projects, from hard disk driver to file I/O control and running bash shell, and the final project itself realizes a practical file system, which is beneficial for students to learn and suitable for operating system course teaching in undergraduate computer majors. All the projects in the experiment series are developed based on a tiny educational operating system kernel, named Qutenix, implemented by the author of this paper.


According to the relevant emergency plans,city is defined and the characteristics of public emergencies are simply described.City public emergency rescue system content and existing problems are illustrated,and some suggestions of emergency rescue system are put forward.


In recent years, the competition of the domestic video websites has been particularly fierce, starting points of the competition were homemade program, such as Youku, Tudou, Iqiyi, Sohu Video and QQlive etc., these video websites have started to make homemade programs with their own characteristics. It represents a trend that video websites are keen on homemade programs, video websites are trying to get rid of expensive purchase programs, how to highlight the network characteristics of homemade programming has become the key of competition. The paper takes homemade program of the major video websites as analysis object, explores existed problems and proposes corresponding solutions.


This research focuses on the study of social networks of Thai researchers that conducted research in the computer science and information technology fields and submitted their works to two conferences which are the International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE) and the National Computer Science and Engineering Conference (NCSEC) between 2005 and 2008. The bibliographical data which appeared in their research was extracted for database construction. The principle of Social Network Analysis was applied for data analysis in order to find relationships between researchers, research topic categories, conferences and years in which they were organized. The data analysis enables users to know which researchers in Thailand conducted their research in what area, to which academic institutes they were attached, and who were their co-authors. In addition, the analysis result also allows users to see trends of research topics of Thai researchers. It was hoped that as a result of this analysis, the derived database will be useful for people who wish to search for research data in areas in which they are interested. Similarly, government agencies working on the promotion and support of research work will be informed of research trends in Thailand so as to speed up work in support of conducting research in significant areas or those in which the country is lacking.


A process has been developed to cover wide range I/O operation voltage (1.8V to 3.3V) without changing the 3.3V I/O library at author's organization to meet the market demand by optimization of 3.3V process. The main emphasis is given on to improve the Idsat current from the baseline and maintain the Ioff comparable as 3.3V process. This process passed all device level reliability test. This process is used to fabricate wide range I/O operation voltage device at author's organization.


In this paper the intraoperative thermoangiographic evaluation of the patency and flow in the internal mammary artery (IMA) anastomosed to the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD) is presented. 30 patients were operated due to ischemic heart disease, using cardiopulmonary bypass technique. LIMA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending (LAD) branch in all cases, additional venous grafts were applied in 29 cases. Thermographic evaluation was performed in the rewarming phase of the operation, when all grafts were anastomosed to coronary arteries. After the peripheral coronary anastomoses are completed, IMA clamp is released. The inflow of warm blood into the previously cooled area creates appropriate temperature gradient for thermographic recording. This warranted very good imaging quality of the heart and coronary arteries. Even small branches could be visualised using this system. 1. Method The aim of our study is the intraoperative thermoangiographic evaluation of the patency and flow in the internal mammary artery (IMA) anastomosed to the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery (LAD). Mathematical modelling of the phenomena can be useful for automatic recognition in real time procedures. Agema Thermovision 900 SWITE with 200 lens, using an electronically cooled (Peltier's effects) detectors, the spectral range 2.5 - 5.4 J.lm, and resolutions: spatial- 2.5 mradian and thermal 0.1 °C was used. The measurement temperature range from -100 to BOoC with subranges of 10°C adjusted by an operator to the expected temperatures was used. The camera was mounted on a separate arm over the patient at the distance of 1.2 meter and focused directly on the exposed surface of the heart. The images were displayed in the iron scale with 256 colour levels. The selected sequences from each patient study were stored on a hard disk. 30 patients were operated due to ischemic heart disease, using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPS) technique. Left Internal Mammary Artery (LIMA) was anastomosed to the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) branch in all cases, additional 59 venous grafts were applied in 29 cases. LIMA was harvested before starting CPS and a 30-second free flow was checked in each case to monitor the flow of blood and to estimate a quality of LIMA. After the peripheral coronary anastomoses are completed, IMA clamp is released. The inflow of warm blood into the previously cooled area creates appropriate temperature gradient for thermographic recording. This warranted very good imaging quality of the heart and coronary arteries. Even small branches could be visualised using this system. Digital processing of the images enhanced their quality and made possible more accurate analysis of the graft and coronary artery patency. Sequential image analYSis allowed to estimate the temperature profiles of specific areas in different time intervals, which was an important factor of early IMA - LAD graft flow detection. This showed the direction of


In the transportation industry, weight reduction is essential in order to reduce fuel consumption. A solution towards lighter structures is to improve the mechanical properties while keeping a sufficient ductility for the forming operations. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the enhancement of the mechanical properties of metallic alloys by the refinement of the grain size while playing with other microstructural features in order to maintain the strain hardening, and thus the ductility, as high as possible. Various fine grained dual phase steels were produced by severe plastic deformation followed by thermal treatment. Nano-indentation and tensile tests have been performed to measure the change of flow properties associated to the grain refinement. A new methodology, based on performing nano-indentation tests at different depth inside each phases of the steels, has been proposed in order to separate the different hardening contributions affecting the behaviour of the material. In order to gain a better understanding of the link between the fine grained microstructure and the flow properties, three models were developed introducing successively a richer and richer description of the microstructure. The first model allows interpreting the nano-indentation data at different depths. The second model predicts the flow curve of dual phase steels by considering the accumulation of dislocations on the grain boundaries with the associated back stress and the saturation of this accumulation of excess dislocations, while introducing the second phase particles through a homogenization scheme. Finally, the third model promotes a new explanation of the Hall-Petch law and the interaction of the grain size and the texture for pure copper using a multigrain crystal plasticity model incorporating grain boundary effects. Guidelines are given to optimize the microstructures towards an improvement of the structural properties and formability.


Gojyu-ryu karate has the distinction of being the first of the Okinawan karate styles to be officially named (Higaonna, 1995: 68). Miyagi Chojun created the style and formally registered the name with the Japanese Government in 1933 (Hiagonna, 1985: 28). The late Yagi Meitoku was Miyagi Chojun's most senior karate student. After Miyagi Chojun's death, the Miyagi family chose Yagi Meitoku to carry on the style's traditions. Yagi taught the system to his two sons. The oldest son, Meitatsu, carries on not only the style's technical finesses and its philosophy, but also the stories that make up its history.


The invention relates to a smoke collecting system of a mobile AOD furnace. The system comprises a furnace mouth rotary smoke shield 1, a smoke tube rotary catch wheel device 3, a mobile smoke guide device 7, a smoke tube rotating device 10, a smoke guide pipe rack 4, and an air channel slot rack 9, wherein the furnace mouth rotary smoke shield 1 is installed on the upper part of the furnace mouth of the mobile AOD furnace; the smoke guide pipe rack 4 is installed on a mobile platform of the mobile AOD furnace; the air channel slot rack 9 is installed on the ground of the factory next to the mobile rail of the mobile AOD furnace and is arranged along the mobile rail of the mobile AOD furnace; the rear end of the furnace mouth rotary smoke shield 1 is in rigid connection with a smoke guide pipe 2, a smoke use pipe 5 and a smoke tube rotating device 10; the smoke tube rotary catch wheel device 3 is installed on the joint part of the smoke guide pipe 2 and the smoke guide pipe rack 4; the air channel slot rack 9 is provided with an air channel slot 8; the mobile smoke guide device 7 is installed on the air channel slot 8. The system is capable of effectively collecting the smoke generated in the melting process of the mobile AOD furnace and meeting the requirements of the environmental protection and the industrial health, and is low in investment, low in running cost, reliable in operation and high in collecting efficiency and does not affect the operation of the mobile AOD furnace.


The ferman - a survey in diplomatics An important part of the cultural heritage of Yugoslav peoples are a large mass of various documents which have been preserved from the period of the rule of the Ottoman Turks over parts of their territories. These documents represent precious study material for they reflect historical, social, political, and economic events, not only in those parts of the territories of Yugoslav peoples under the Turkish Ottoman rule, but also inside the whole state, and even outside it. In Yugoslav historiography and its auxiliary disciplines there has not so far appeared a complete diplomats' survey of any group of documents from tha1t large mass whose copies have been preserved in the original. This article is a survey of the common form of the ferman done as an exhaustive diplomatic analysis, in accordance with the elements of general diplomatic, which uses Latin terminology. The analysis starts with the original, common form of the document, biti, and leads to the form that evolved from it, the ferman. The results of the analysis show that the ferman bears a tugra as a sultanic document, beginning with inscription and continuing in the following sequence: narratio, dispositio, and clausulae finales. It ends with corroboratio and datatio. At the back there is conscriptio. The results of the analysis have also separated the ferman from the mass of sultanic documents and clearly designated it as a special document, thus annulling the dilemma of its identification or confusion with other kinds. For the purpose of analysis, an attempt at formal classification of fermans according to intention of issue has been made, however, a final classification would require longer, more extensive and more precise research.


The self-limiting growth mechanism of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique facilitates the growth of uniform and conformal films. Precursor chemistry has an essential role in this deposition technique. The selection of an appropriate Nb precursor plays therefore a critical role in the success of the final ALD process. For the selection of a precursor, criteria such as growth rate per ALD cycle, range and upper limit of the process temperature window, required oxidizer, volatility and stability of the precursor are required. While alkyloxide and dionate based Nb precursors proved to have attractive stability behavior, their vapor pressure is rather low compared to alkylamino and novel NabAL chemistry (Figure 1). In this work several niobium precursors were evaluated such as (tert-butylimido)bis(diethylamino)Niobium (TBTDEN), (tert-butylimido)bis(dimethylamino)Niobium (TBTDMN), (tert-butylimido)bis(ethylmethylamino)Niobium (TBTEMN) and novel NabAL1 and NabAL2 for Nb2O5 ALD, using ozone and water as oxidizers. The precursors are compared according to the previous mentioned criteria. For example, comparison of NabAL1 with TBTDEN (Figure 2) reveals an extended growth window for NabAL1 (upto 300 °C), however, with as trade-off a reduction of the deposition rate. When H2O is used as oxidant species, the growth rate is furthermore reduced, down to only 0.4 A/cycle. In addition to the precursor and process parameters, material properties of the resulting films will be presented.


This essay examines the contrast between two conceptions of the universal, one represented by the modern State and the other by the Jewish people. In order to do so, it returns to the collection of essays on Judaism Levinas wrote in the approximately two decades after the Second World War, Difficult Freedom . Its aim is to focus specifically on the political dimension within this collection and then to step back and reflect on how his way of speaking of the political appears to us a full generation later. As is well known, Levinas's approach to the political has a way of escaping that realm, while nonetheless remaining relevant to it. This is what we shall try to capture and to evaluate.


We have developed a analitical method based on the general theory of modulation of Whitham7 where the variational method is a particular case to generate nonlinear optical pulses and Optical Solitons. We show the equivalence of the solutions of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (NLS) and the solutions derived from the method proposed here, demonstrating that these solutions lead to the Optical Solitons. We developed a new method to check the stability of the NLS equations. We show that the Optical Solitons obtained from a Lagrangian density can propagate through a waveguide such as an optical fiber, and are equivalent to Optical Solitons guided by an optical fiber. To analyze the stability of system solutions we have expanded the Lagrangian density and from the expanded Lagrangian we obtain the system equations of motion and restrict the solutions that have oscillating behavior when disturbed. The stability analysis can also be performed by expansion of the optical field as it is presented in section 4. Thus obtain a self-value equation whose spectrum is positive indicating that the solutions with the characteristics of reproducing the NLS solutions are stable. This method can be used and implemented computationally for linear stability analysis of any optical system or any NLS solution. Another important aspect of our research has been the discovery of a relationship between the Lagrangian of optical system and the optical pulse propagating through a waveguide. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is devoted to a quick presentation of NLS systems. The section 2 provides a description of modeling of an optical network. Section 3 and 4 are devoted to the presentation of the proposed method for obtaining this class of solutions and their stability analysis. Section 5 presents conclusions and comments and section 6 provides references.


We propose a new approach to the mask-constrained synthesis of shaped beams through generic array antennas having arbitrary layouts and element patterns. The introduced general methodology allows casting the design problem as a finite number of Convex Programming optimizations and can generate different excitation solutions all fulfilling the required specifications. Numerical examples, including planar arrays and the full-wave synthesis of an aperiodic array, are provided in support of the given theory.


Despite significant advances in Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology for construction planning, existing technology still lack the capabilities of planning and analyzing temporary structures. While temporary structures such as scaffolding and temporary stair towers significantly impact construction safety, they often do not appear in BIM. Temporary structure objects manually inserted into BIM cannot automatically generate information of their impact on construction safety. Understanding this deficiency, this research attempts to generate required temporary structures and analyze associated safety risk automatically. Specifically, this research focused on planning of temporary stair towers used during roof construction activities. For automation, a set of algorithms were created that analyze geometric conditions in BIM, generate required temporary stair towers, and analyze their impact on safety. The algorithms were imbedded into a commercially-available BIM platform and tested on an ongoing construction project. As a result, optimized locations and shapes of temporary stair towers and associated potential safety hazards were identified and visualized in BIM and schedule. The main contribution of this research would be to automatically perform more practical construction safety planning by incorporating temporary structures.


In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the air pollution and tuberculosis cases and its prediction in Jiangsu, China by using the time-series analysis method, and find that the seasonal ARIMA(1, 1, 0)×(0, 1, 1)12 model is the preferred model for predicting the TB cases in Jiangsu, China. Furthermore, we evaluate the relationship between AQI, PM2.5, PM10 and the number of TB cases, and find that the prediction accuracy of the ARIMA model is improved by adding monthly PM2.5 with 0-month lag as an external variable, i.e., ARIMA(1, 1, 0)×(0, 1, 1)12+PM2.5. The results show that ARIMAX model can be a useful tool for predicting TB cases in Jiangsu, China, and it can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of TB.


Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an integral role in the metabolism of liver and development of the skeleton in humans. To date, the interactions between different-duration terahertz (THz) radiation and ALP activities, as well as the influence mechanism are still unclear. In this study, by using the para-nitro-phenyl-phosphate (pNPP) method, we detected changes in ALP activities during 40-minute THz radiation (0.1 THz, 13 mW/cm2). We found that the activity of ALP decreased in the first 25 minutes, and subsequently increased in the later 15 minutes. Compared with the activity of ALP being heated, the results suggested that short-term terahertz radiation induced a decrease in enzyme activity through the non-thermal mechanism. In order to explore the non-thermal effects of THz radiation on ALP, we focused on the impacts of 0.1 THz radiation for 20 minutes on the activity of ALP in different concentrations. The results revealed that the activity of ALP decreased significantly after exposure to THz radiation. In addition, it could be deduced from fluorescence, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and THz spectra results that THz radiation has induced changes in ALP structures. In conclusion, our studies unlocked non-thermal interactions between THz radiation and ALP, as well as suggested that THz spectroscopy was a promising technique to distinguish ALP structures.


In this paper, the author contends that if the outsider-researcher involved in ICT for development (ICT4D) research and practice really wants to make a difference and honestly address the emancipatory interests of the developing community according to local understanding, assumptions, needs and view of reality, emancipation will have to occur on both sides of the "development divide". Using critical social theory as a position of enquiry and learning from the enculturation phases of critical ethnographic fieldwork, the paper reflects on ways in which the outsider researcher and practitioner may acquire self-emancipation for ensuring more sustainable ICT4D. The rationale for the paper's objective is based on the general assumption evident in ICT4D literature that emancipation, empowerment and innovation occur primarily within the developing group, making them the primary focus in development efforts and research, while the outsider is depicted as the "expert" who approaches the developing group in an "appropriate" way in order to do ICT4D and facilitate the development of the "insider". By presenting three narratives from an ongoing community engagement project in deep rural South African, the author reflects on particular instances where self-emancipation occurred. This paper, therefore, contributes by firstly, putting forward a position for self-reflexivity and self-emancipation in ICT4D work and secondly, by reflecting on confessional stories of self-emancipation. Themes include lessons learnt on building networks of friendships, traditional leadership and respect and the typical peopleorientatedness of deep rural South African communities.


Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites fabricated in the form of fibers with large surface areas were used in the development of important technological applications such as photoactuators. MWCNT-polymer fibers can be prepared with the simple and fast technique of electrospinning. The precursor for electrospinning was prepared by adding dispersed MWCNTs to a polymeric solution of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Poly(methylmethacrylate) dissolved in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and Dimethylformamide (DMF). The dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)/water is expected to enhance the photoactuation properties of the Polymer CNT Composites. The dispersion of the MWCNTS in SDS and the properties of the precursor solution were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques.


The optical absorption spectra of the antiferromagnetic insulator NiCl2 and NiBr2 single crystals have been measured between 5*103 and 33*103 cm-1, and from 300 to 4.2 K. The electronic spectrum of Ni2+ in these materials has been analysed using the spin-orbit matrices for a (3d)8 system and the parameters of the crystal field have been derived. It is found that Dq=692 cm-1, lambda =:140 cm-1 and F4=91 cm-1 for NiCl2, and Dq=680 cm-1, lambda =-390 cm-1 and F4=85 cm-1 for NiBr2. A detailed discussion of all the bands of the spectra and comments on the interesting structures of vibronic and magnonic origin of the 3T1g(a) band are given. The absorption peaks located around 16.6*103 cm-1 in NiBr2 are not easily interpreted but their puzzling origin is discussed.


T H E CONSENSUS seems to be that Karl Barth's recent American visit revealed little that was new to those already acquainted with his theology. However, there was one very significant change which was little noted and evidently not seriously regarded (as far as the reports indicate), but which certainly invites the student of Barth to look for something new. This change is in the fact that Barth entitled his lectures "An Introduction to Evangelical Theology." The student already acquainted with Barth might well have expected the master to lecture on "An Introduction to Church Dogmatics, or perhaps on "An Introduction to the Theology of the Church. Nevertheless, Barth in fact preferred to lecture on evangelical theology. When Barth was asked about this change from "church to "evangelical theology, he did acknowledge that it symbolized a change in his method. "From 'Christian Dogmatics to Church Dogmatics and now 'Evangelical Theology—I ask you to see this movement as one towards a less formal, more material, less abstract, more concrete kind of thinking. These rather formal and abstract words are, nevertheless, quite remarkable, for they suggest that the latest change is as significant as that which led Barth to forego the Christian Dogmatics, of which one volume had already been written, in favor of the current Church Dogmatics. This earlier change was so significant that, when its implications were clearly seen, E. Brunner was led to speak of a "new Barth. The thesis of this paper is that the shift to evangelical theology is every bit as radical and should allow us, if Brunner was at all correct about the "new Barth, to speak of the "new new Barth. 55


Using Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), we have established LCL from 15 patients with IDS, including patients with ataxia telangiectasia (3), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (1), severe combined immune deficiency (1), common variable immune deficiency (5), X-linked immune deficiency with increased IgM (1), immune deficiency with normal immunoglobulins (1), C4 deficiency (1), Job's syndrome (1). LCL could not be established from 4 patients with infantile X-linked agammaglobulinemia despite multiple attempts. All LCL have surface markers and functions characteristic of normal B-lymphocytes, including C3 receptors and surface immunoglobulins, and were potent stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. None of the LCL expressed T-cell characteristics. The inability to establish LCL from X-linked agammaglobulinemic patients might reflect absence of EBV receptors as well as absent B-lymphocytes. Most of the LCL appear to be polyclonal. Individual lines expressed more than one class of surface immunoglobulin. Indeed, LCL were established which expressed immunoglobulin classes markedly deficient or absent in the serum of the patients from which they were derived, suggesting the defect resulted from suppressor activity rather than defective synthesis. Further immunologic and metabolic studies of these lines may help to elucidate pathologic mechanisms responsible for primary IDS.


The utility model provides a brake device of a vehicle, and comprises a clamping component and a brake component which are matched mutually, wherein the clamping component is arranged on the chassis of the vehicle, and the brake component comprises a brake rod provided with a first clamping part and a second clamping part, and a brake disc arranged at the end of the brake rod facing towards the lower part of the vehicle; the clamping component is matched with the first clamping part and the second clamping part, and is used for clamping or loosening the first clamping part or the second clamping part; when the first clamping part is clamped by the clamping component, the brake disc leaves the ground; when the second clamping part is released from the clamping component and the first clamping part is clamped by the clamping component, the brake disc is in close contact with the ground. According to the brake device, besides usual brake systems, the vehicle also obtains extra brake through the brake device in a brake process, thereby increasing the brake capacity of the prior vehicle.


The paper has cited examples in explaining the non-standardization of English notes in the reference after the text and put forward some suggestions on solving these problems.


Designing and constructing underground structures for various purposes, such as tunnels, mines, mine workings, necessitate the development of procedures for calculating their strength and reliability. The physical model of such objects worth considering is a homogeneous isotropic half-space that contains an infinitely long hollow cylinder, located parallel to its border. One can explore problems related to the mechanics of deformable solids for such a multiply connected body.

This paper reports the proofs of addition theorems for the basic solutions to the Lame equation regarding the half-space and cylinder recorded, respectively, in the Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. This result is important from a theoretical point of view in order to substantiate a numerical-analytical method ‒ the generalized Fourier method. This method makes it possible to solve spatial boundary problems from the theory of elasticity and thermo-elasticity for isotropic and transversal-isotropic multiply connected bodies. Similar to the classical Fourier method, the general solutions to equilibrium equations have been used here but in several coordinate systems rather than one.

From a practical point of view, this method has made it possible to investigate the combined problem of elasticity theory regarding the multiply-connected body described above. The analysis of the stressed-strained state of this elastic body has made it possible to draw conclusions on determining those regions that are most vulnerable to destruction. The highest values are accepted by normal stresses in the region between the boundaries of the half-space and the cylinder. Changing the σy component along the Ox axis corresponds to the displacements assigned on the half-space. The τxy component contributes less to the distribution of stresses than σx and σy. The applied aspect of using the reported results is the possibility to apply them when designing underground structures.


: As people's living quality improves and their concern for health deepens, the spiritual and intellectual growth of children of pre-school age is receiving more attention. This paper analyses the sociological factors affecting the growth level of preschool children's motor skills, points out the influence of preschool children's motor skills, explores the sociological factors of motor skills development, and finds that the development level of preschool children's motor skills is affected by a variety of factors. Through targeted motor skills training for children, it is found that professional training can improve children's basic motor skills and comprehensive motor skills. The experiment shows those children's motor skills score has increased by about 7.6%. Family background has the greatest influence on children's motor skills development, followed by educational resources and social environment, and policy environment has the least influence on children's motor skills development. By focusing on these sociological elements in child sport skill on development, problems in sport skill development in children can be better understood and addressed, providing targeted recommendations for policy development and practice.


In light of actual winter construction condition of our company in northeast region,the paper briefly describes how to guarantee steel reinforced concrete quality under low temperature.Thus,it has provided some technological basis for steel reinforced concrete construction under low temperature.


Conventional photoacoustic imaging systems excite a photoacoustic wave by illuminating an area on the order of square centimeters with millijoule laser pulses. Spatial resolution is then determined by the ultrasound transducer and is typically on the order of 100 μm. We report on a system that focuses femtosecond, nanojoule pulses to a spot with a diameter of ~ 1 μm to perform laser-scanning photoacoustics with micrometer resolution. Near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses with a pulse energy of 2.4 nanojoules excite a train of photoacoustic waves at the repetition rate of the pulsed laser (80 MHz). These photoacoustic waves are detected by an unfocused single-element ultrasound transducer tuned to 80 MHz. A radiofrequency lock-in amplifier recovers the amplitude of the frequency component of the photoacoustic signal at the pulse repetition frequency. This amplitude is an indicator of the absorption coefficient of the sample at the laser focus and at the laser wavelength. Initial experiments using a graphite rod as absorber reproducibly yield signals in the 0.2 - 2 microvolt range with a signal-to-noise ratio of 18 dB, recovered from 10 mV of broadband noise. The photoacoustic imaging system is integrated in a commercial laser-scanning two-photon fluorescence microscope, enabling simultaneous three-dimensional fluorescence- and photoacoustic imaging. One major application will be to image both morphology and oxygen saturation of microvasculature in the cerebral cortex of anesthetized rodents in vivo in the context of tumor angiogenesis. In this paper we describe the physics of femtosecond photoacoustics and demonstrate initial results.


This article reviews research on inequality and social stratification in China since the mid-1990s. Going beyond the theoretical framework of the market transition debate, research in the field has been advanced by paying more attention to the roles of the institutions of Chinese state socialism, such as the household registration ( hukou) and urban work unit ( danwei) systems, and workers' self-selective mobility. Empirical studies have benefited from the systematic collection of well-designed and high-quality survey data and from the application of advanced statistical methods. Substantive analysis has been extended to new themes related to social class, gender, ethnicity, education, and housing wealth. This review concludes by seeking to identify the wider implications of empirical findings from China for comparative research on inequality and social stratification and by providing some suggestions for the future direction of the field.


Home automation is becoming accepted due to its frequent benefits. Home mechanization refers to the manage of home appliance and domestic features by local network or by remote control. Artificial Intelligence provides us the frame to go real-time choice and automation for Internet of Things (IoT).The work deals with discussion about different intelligent home automation system and technology from a various features viewpoint. The occupation focus on concept of home automation where the monitoring and control operations are facilitate through smart devices installed in inhabited buildings. various home automation method and knowledge consider in analysis with central controller base (Arduino or Raspberry pi), web based, electronic mail based, Bluetooth-based, mobile-based, SMS based, ZigBee based, double tenor Multi Frequency-based, cloud-based and the Internet with presentation.


This paper discusses the benefits and contributions to teach Geometry to Elementary students based on the observation of the object in three dimensions, built using Origami techniques. The goal of this approach is to use the analysis and visualization process in order to help students identify the two-dimensional elements that make up from those objects and their interrelationships. The results of this investigation indicate the methodology can facilitate the concepts understanding and it also increase communication


Pre-sowing seed treated with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) helps to enhance the germination behavior of wheat seed. So, a lab experiment was conducted to find out the optimization of pre-sowing priming time on the germination behavior of BARI Gom 27. BARI Gom 27 was primed in 0 to 18 hours under 10% PEG solution and distilled water. The highest germination percentage (GP) (87.77%), vigor index (VI) (142.31) and germination index (GI) (41.23) were obtained from seeds pre-soaked in 12 hours with 10% PEG solution compared to hydro-priming (84.44%, 133.83 and 36.62 of GP, VI and GI, respectively) and untreated control (57.77%, 84.85 and 29.75 of GP, VI and GI, respectively), and then decreased gradually with increasing priming time. Therefore, seed priming helps to enhance the germination behavior of wheat seed.


THIS PAPER PRESENTS A METHOD FOR ARRIVING AT THE PROPER THICKNESS OF THE NONRIGID TYPE OF PAVEMENT SURFACE TO SUPPORT A GIVEN WHEEL LOAD CARRIED ON A GIVEN TYPE OF TIRE EQUIPMENT. BY MEANS OF TESTS MADE IN THE LABORATORY BY THE USE OF A BIN 6FT. SQ., THE MANNER OF DISTRIBUTION OF SUBGRADE PRESSURES HAS BEEN DETERMINED UNDER DIFFERENT THICKNESSES OF FROM 4 TO 10 IN. OF PAVEMENT SURFACE. LOADS WERE APPLIED BY MEANS OF A HYDRAULIC JACK TO ELLIPTICAL SHAPED BEARING BLACKS SIMULATING TIRE IMPRINT AREAS. IT IS ASSUMED THAT A NON-RIGID PAVEMENT SHOULD BE OF SUCH THICKNESS THAT THE MAXIMUM PRESSURE OBTAINED UNDER THE CENTER OF THE WHEEL SHOULD AT NO TIME EXCEED THE BEARING VALUE OF THE SUBGRADE. A METHOD IS SUGGESTED FOR DETERMINING BEARING VALUE, MAKING USE OF A BEARING BLOCK OF 100 SQ. IN. IN AREA. FORMULAS ARE DERIVED FOR THICKNESS, FIRST MAKING THE ARBITRARY ASSUMPTION THAT THE SUBGRADE PRESSURES ARE CONFINED WITHIN AN AREA ON THE SUBGRADE INCLUDED WITHIN THE LINES SLOPING 45 DEG. FROM THE TIRE IMPRINT AREA. THE UNIFORM PRESSURE IS THEN EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE ACTUAL MEASURED PRESSURE, WHICH IN TURN IS ASSUMED TO BE EQUAL TO THE SUBGRADE SUPPORTING VALUE. THUS, FORMULAS ARE DERIVED FOR THICKNESS IN TERMS OF WHEEL LOAD, SUBGRADE SUPPORTING VALUE AND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE IMPRINT AREA OF THE TIRE. THESE DIMENSIONS ARE KNOWN FOR GIVEN LOADS, TIRE EQUIPMENT AND INFLATION PRESSURES. AS THE RESULT OF THE FORMULAS THUS DERIVED, THICKNESS MAY BE DETERMINED AFTER A PRESSURE TEST IS MADE TO DETERMINE THE SUPPORTING POWER OF THE SUBGRADE. FOR GENERAL PURPOSES OF DESIGN, THE PRESSURE TESTS INDICATE THAT THE MAXIMUM MEASURED PRESSURE UNDER STABLE, NON-RIGID SURFACES MAY BE TAKEN AT 2 TO 2 1/2 TIMES THE UNIFORM PRESSURE CALCULATED AS ABOVE INDICATED. ON THIS BASIS, CURVES FOR THE REQUIRED THICKNESS ARE SHOWN IN TERMS OF WHEEL-LOAD AND SUBGRADE SUPPORT. /AUTHOR/


Abstract The Renminbi (RMB) exchange rate regime reform has gone through three stages roughly once every decade since 1994. It is a structural evolution through the unification of dual exchange rates, increased fluctuations and central parity rate reform in response to the dynamic macro environment in China and abroad. This paper unpacks leading and supporting reforms for each stage and reviews the effects. The reform has developed historical experience in adopting progressive strategies, avoiding sharp exchange rate fluctuations in the near term, maintaining appropriate capital controls, and guaranteeing the reform through domestic structural reforms. Achieving a free-floating exchange rate will be the ultimate goal, but it will not be made easily in the short run. During the transitional period, it is recommended that an annual target zone for RMB's effective exchange rate be arranged for the CFETS currency basket, along with necessary capital controls.


Co-treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) and municipal wastewater (MWW) using the activated sludge (AS) process is an innovative approach to AMD remediation that utilizes the alkalinity of MWW and the adsorptive properties of AS biomass to remove acidity and metals from AMD- impacted waters. Preliminary treatability studies have been conducted to simulate the effects of introducing AMD to different stages of the AS process. Mixing high-strength synthetic AMD (pH 2.8, 540 mg L -1 Fe, 200 mg L -1 Al, 30 mg L -1 Cu, 60 mg L -1 Zn, 30 mg L -1 Mn) with settled MWW over a range of dilutions, simulating conditions in the primary sedimentation stage of the AS process, led to rapid and significant removal of metals from solution (average removal: 38 mg L -1 Al, 5 mg L -1 Cu, 56 mg L -1 Fe, 4 mg L -1 Mn, and 7 mg L -1 Zn). Mixing synthetic AMD with AS biomass at different solids concentrations, simulating AMD loading to the secondary (biological) treatment stage and/or to a subsidiary mixing tank, also removed significant fractions of metals from solution (average removal: 28 mg L -1 Al, 5 mg L -1 Cu, 25 mg L -1 Fe, 3 mg L -1 Mn, and 4 mg L -1 Zn at a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 6 g L -1 ). Activated sludge respiration inhibition tests indicated high tolerance to spiked additions of synthetic AMD, demonstrating that acute toxicity is mediated by the neutralization and metal removal reactions that occur during mixing. Acclimatization studies indicated that AS sensitivity to spiked additions of AMD decreased after a 25-day period of continuous AMD loading. Laboratory-scale process evaluation studies are underway to demonstrate the feasibility of co-treatment for full-scale application in the treatment of AMD.


This paper deals with a theoretical stability analysis of unstable wave generated in a flexible circular ring subjected to swirling fluid flow. The flexible circular ring is set in a rotating circular outer casing with a narrow gap filled with fluid and is subjected to the swirling fluid flow caused by the rotation of the outer casing. In the stability analysis, a wave equation is derived from the equation of motion of the flexible circular ring coupled with the swirling fluid flow. The equation of motion ofthe flexible circular ring is based on the Kirchhoff-Love's thin-shell model, and the equations of motion of the swirling fluid flow are based on the Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, the dispersion relation of the wave generated in the flexible circular ring is derived from the wave equation as a function of the rotational speed of the outer casing. The analytical results show that an unstable wave occurs as a type of traveling forward wave due to the swirling fluid flow when the rotational speed of the outer casing becomes high, and that the most unstable wave mode, phase speed (traveling-wave speed), and growth rate of the wave vary greatly with increasing rotational speed of the outer casing.


This paper describes organisation, tasks and functions of local authorities in the United Kingdom. It identifies and describes the public services delivered by different types of authority and introduces key issues related to property and facilities management services. The paper presents research work to investigate the extent to which facilities/property
management is an integrated function within local government and assesses the impact of the concept of best value upon facilities managers.

The paper describes relevant legislation and standard procedures for public procurement in the United Kingdom. Results of a random sample of local authorities are presented to provide a comparison of contemporary
FM sourcing practice in the United Kingdom.

The paper provides sources of information for further reference and identifies a number of relevant research projects and government sponsored studies that address property and facilities management issues in the United Kingdom. The results of a recent international study of outsourcing in Government are summarised to promote discussion.


We report polarized Raman measurements on small single crystals embedded in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ polycrystalline pellets. The measurements show two-mode behavior in the Cu-O bending mode of the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes (${\mathit{B}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ mode). The increase in frequency with x of the Ba-Ba stretching mode and the chain copper\char21{}apical oxygen Cu(1)-O(4) stretching mode is consistent with hole localization on Ba sites due to Ba 5d\char21{}O 2p covalency. This localization may be related to the suppression of superconductivity in this compound, which increases with increasing x.


S" is the abbreviation for the acronyms of Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System, and Global Positioning System. At the beginning the article briefly introduces the main content, the developing history, and the current situation of "3S" technologies. Then it elaborates the exact meaning of "3S" integration and the differences among various implementation modes corresponding with all kinds of integration patterns according to the three standards of breadth, compactness, and simultaneity. Further it expounds the characters and the main application fields of the four integration patterns (RS with GIS,GIS with GPS,RS with GPS,GIS with RS and GPS) under the standard of breadth. It proves that the essence of the application of "3S" integration is to supply spatial information services at different levels, and it puts for ward the idea of studying the "3S" integration from the interdisciplinary perspective.


TN the last decade the spate of legisla-*• tion seriously affecting local-government finance in England and Wales has been matched only by the flood of proposals and counterproposals for futher reform. The latest official moves, embodied in the Local Government Act, 1958, are already the target of precisely the same sort of criticisms that were levelled at earlier attempts to solve the problem; it would be foolish to suppose that (even a temporary) cessation of hostilities is a likely prospect on this front. However, ten years have now elapsed since the major postwar legislation was enacted in 1948, and the last three years have seen a remarkable outburst of first-rate research studies into


Ethnic fragmentation and arrested development are pervasive features of the postcolonial state. This study explores the thesis implicit to modernization theory that the relationship between ethnic segmentation-an integral feature of colonial space and of the post-colonial states that inherited them-and development is negligible.                                                    A number of quantitative methods are used to test the null hypothesis that no relationship exists between development and ethnic fragmentation: cluster analysis is used to group countries with respect to development, and analyses of variance and regression analysis are used to test for statistically significant differences between country clusters with respect to degree of ethnic segmentation. The statistical findings reported in this paper "falsify" the null hypothesis in a Popperian sense: evidence suggests that a relationship does exist between level of development and degree of ethnic fragmentation. While this study cannot establish the direction of causality between these phenomena, it does refute the view inherent to modernization approaches that ethnicity is inconsequential to development and nation-building in the post colonial state.


Molecular imaging of a select few chemical species with sulfur-containing head groups adsorbed on a Au(111) surface using ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy(UHV-STM) is reviewed and our recent work is reported. Self assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols on Au(111) are known to give various surface structures. Prevailing surface structure depends on the length of the alkane chain, the method of preparation and the surface coverage as well as elapsed time. Here we look into the details of molecular surface registry using octanethiol as an example. Another example are SAMs of oligo (phenyleneethynylene)s (OPEs). We will review previous work, and introduce our UHV-STMwork on a new class of OPEs with a thiophene head group. This includes determination of surface structures of this OPE with several substituted tail ends andmixed SAMs consisting of the aminoisopropyl-substituted moiety and octanethiol.


Construction industry tenders are usually awarded to the lowest bidder, with emphasis being placed on the past, on price, quality, and timeliness, with little to no attention paid to the commitment of contractors to sustainability. It is not all construction firms and other stakeholders have an understanding of what sustainable procurement is about in the Nigerian construction industry, resulting in the limited adoption by those that understood it due to the level of risk they claimed it involved. This research examines the barriers to implementing sustainable procurement in the Nigerian construction industry by adopting a survey approach using self-administered questionnaires to obtain data from a purposively sampled group of 116 procurement practitioners in Abuja, Nigeria. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis was used in categorizing the barriers to sustainable procurement into four: attitude and poor fiscal incentive; financial restrictions; insufficient leadership and knowledge; and regulatory constraints. The result showed that there was no sustainable procurement regulatory framework in the country and that a lack of government commitment, poor economic conditions, and a lack of knowledge were the major barriers to the adoption of sustainable procurement in the Nigerian public construction sector. It is therefore suggested that to make the construction industry's activities more sustainable, practitioners need to learn more about sustainability, and governments should make policies that encourage and support low tariffs and taxes on sustainable goods and provide government subsidies. The research adds to the ongoing discussion about sustainable procurement practices in developing economies. It does this by drawing on a variety of theoretical perspectives to give a deep understanding of the challenges of sustainability from the public sector's point of view.


Utilizing the method of DRASTIC, considering the seven indexes of Depth to Water, Net Recharge, Aquifer Media, Soil Media, Topography, Impact of the Vadose Zone Media, Conductivity of the Aquifer, dividing the assessment area to units, the Groundwater Vulnerability of Jilin city is assessed comprehensively; and the drawing of Jilin city's Groundwater Vulnerability is finished by AUTOCAD. The assessment result offers scientific basis to the groundwater management and protection of Jilin City.


The public health network has a lot of difficulties to perform quality and effective service care, among them, investment and fundraising for supplies, medicines, and equipment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the use of the insurance system (SICONV) from a hospital environment with the objective of the purchase of hospital medical equipment performed by the clinical engineering sector. A clinical engineer uses all of his problems solve skills to manage all hospital medical equipment. Health equipment requires special care in order to stay in perfect working condition. These special cares include, preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, calibration of parameters, general checkup, and update of software. All those have the goal of improving patient care. After this equipment evaluation, some of them need to be disabled or replaced. In this case, we use the insurance system that takes government funding from their investment on health.


The subject of Bai Juyi's allegorical poems presents an obvious corresponding relation to his way of expression. Except for the few extolment poems written in the second person, an imitation of the style of memorials "to Your Majesty", all his "admonishing and sarcastic" poems were basically written in the identical style of objective narration. This was due both to the restriction of style and to the conventions of writing. Meanwhile, it was one of the poet's wise rhetorical strategies. Moreover, his allegorical poems came into symbolic style and argumentative style, but the latter was clearly the mainstay. The poet just absorbed the former by transforming the latter in currentness, generallity and criticality.


Heavy metals from electronic waste (e-waste) accumulate in the environment and can affect human health. The purpose of this study was to determine As, Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations in water, sediment and three species of edible aquatic plants (Ottelia alismoides, Ipomoea aquatic and Marsilea crenata) near an e-waste open dumpsite. Samples were collected from six sampling points surrounding an e-waste open dumpsite and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were evaluated in the plants. The Pb concentration in the water samples exceeded the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in the sediment was Pb>Cr>As >Cd, and these concentrations were within the limits of the quality standard. The order of the heavy metal concentrations in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Pb>Cr>As>Cd, respectively. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb in O. alismoides and As, Cr and Pb in I. aquatic and M. crenata exceeded the quality standard of food consumption. Most of the BAF values of the heavy metals in O. alismoides were more than one, but in I. aquatic and M. crenata, they were less than one. The order of the EDI values in O. alismoides, I. aquatic and M. crenata was Cr>Pb>As>Cd, Pb>Cr>As>Cd and Cr>As>Pb >Cd, respectively. The HQ values were greater than one for As, Cd and Pb in O. alismoides; Pb in I. aquatic; and As and Pb in M. crenata. The HQ and CR values show that the consumption of edible plants from an e-waste open dumpsite is a human health risk.


Bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-chelated palladium(II) complexes have been synthesized, characterized fully including single-crystal X-ray structural analyses, and utilized for the first time toward catalytic oxidative C–H functionalization of arenes with PhI(OAc)2 and N-bromosuccinimide.


Bulk Fe is known to be a bcc structure at room temperature and ferromagnetic below 920 K. On the other hand Fe films grown on non-magnetic substrates show a variety of structures and magnetism depending on the degree of the lattice constant (a0) difference between substrate and a bulk bcc Fe (a0=2.87 A). On Au(001) (a0=4.07 A) and Ag(001), Fe films grow in bcc structure and are ferromagnetic due to the small lattice mismatch to the Fe(110). On Cu(001) and Co(001), Fe films thinner than 5 ML reveal a face centred tetragonal (fct) structure and ferromagnetism, while in 6–10 ML region Fe films show fcc structure and only the topmost few layers were found to be ferromagnetic. The origin of this complicated magnetic behavior has been considered due to the lattice mismatch at the interface and investigated by a first principle calculation of the total energy and magnetic moments [1]. In this report, we present the structural and electronic properties of the Fe films epitaxially grown on a Rh(001) surface.


Dilatation of the cervix by a single extra-amniotic dose of 25 μg of 15 (S) 15 methyl PGE2 methyl ester was attempted in 425 women prior to vacuum aspiration or curettage. The procedure resulted in cervical dilatation of 10 mm or more in 385 patients and a dilatation of 8 mm in a further 21 women. Vacuum aspiration or curettage was possible in these patients without mechanical dilatation of the cervix. The treatment was associated with minor gastiointestinal side effects and pyrexia in a small number of women.


M.D.*Departments of Medicine and *Pathology, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, KoreaLymphoid polyp is a very rare disease that commonly occurs in the rectum. It is a benign, focal or diffuse lesion that typically occurs where clusters of lymphoid follicles are present. The polyp is composed of well differentiated lymphoid tissue. It can generally be differentiated from malignant lymphoma by the proliferation of normal lymphoid tissue, which has a prominent follicular pattern and a clearly defined germinal center. There have been only a few reports of lymphoid polyps of the rectum, and there have been no reports of lymphoid polyp in the ampulla of Vater. We experienced a case of lymphoid polyp in the ampulla of Vater associated with tubulopapillary adenoma, and the patient first presented with jaundice, weight loss and general weakness.


In this paper, we demonstrate the strong influence of the regioregularity (RR) of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on the optical anisotropy of hybrid P3HT/fullerene films before and after thermal annealing. We determined the conversion efficiency and characterized the optical anisotropy of P3HT/6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blends featuring various values of RR. Unlike grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analysis, optical anisotropic measurement provides a clear and convenient view of the polymer orientation and the device anisotropic absorption at the same time. By calculating the in-plane and out-of-plane optical constants (extinction coefficients and refractive indices), we determined that the optical anisotropy of P3HT/PCBM films was improved in both orientations upon increasing the RR. Upon increasing the thermal annealing temperature, the main chains of high-RR P3HT were converted from an amorphous structure to an alignment parallel to the substrate, resulting in higher optical anisotropy. The degree of anisotropy of the high-RR P3HT/PCBM blend was up to six times higher than that of the low-RR sample. This strong RR effect on optical anisotropy was also evident in the power conversion efficiency of large-area P3HT/PCBM-based organic solar cells.


Advances in artificial intelligence techniques have shown tremendous potential as a decision support tool for government agencies. However, recent studies typically highlight the combination of large-scale datasets and high-performance computing technologies, which is frequently far away from the reality of many public agencies that still heavily rely on their legacy systems and labor-intensive practices. Using that non-ideal organizational and technical infrastructure, they have to face very complex problems and propose policy solutions. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are one of such problems. HABs have increasingly become a serious environmental issue in the United States. However, the rapid and sporadic growth of algae and the current standard relying on manual sampling weaken the agencies' response. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we attempt to bridge advanced AI technologies and current government practice by examining the potential of artificial intelligence by comparing the performance of linear probability, random forest, and deep neural network algorithms in predicting HABs with manual sampling data. By integrating manually-sampled HABs data with predictors from publicly-available datasets (land use, weather, and drought), we demonstrate that random forest and deep neural network (DNN) algorithms improve the specificity of the prediction, increasing the true negative rate. Albeit not ideal, we believe that this approach can benefit public agencies that are forced to respond to HABs with limited resources for investing in improving legacy systems. Accurate prediction with limited data could still be useful for certain government decisions, even when the mechanisms of causality are not totally clear. AI techniques have the potential to improve these predictive capabilities.


Subtitle: Fleet professionals who form Ford's Fleet Advisory Board participated in Eco-Driving training and tested the new EcoBoost engine, which, the automaker says, delivers V-8 performance to V-6 engines with better mpg.


The method of calculating the roughness of gear teeth depending on the parameters of gear meshing of gears at rolling friction with slippage. A model for calculating the equilibrium roughness of the surface in the form of a truncated cone, made on the basis of a spherical roughness model. Methods of determining the technological roughness protrusion; calculation of the depth of implementation of the protrusion of equilibrium roughness in the surface of the counter body; assessment of the pattern of change in the roughness of the gear teeth depending on the meshing module, load in the meshing. A method of evaluating the change in the ratio of the actual and nominal contact area depending on the degree of relative slip between the teeth of the gears, changes in the actual contact area of the gear teeth depending on the meshing module of the gear.


Development of advanced driver assistance systems has become an important focus for automotive industry in recent years. Within this field, many computer vision–related functions require motion estimation. This article discusses the implementation of a newly developed SYnthetic BAsis (SYBA) feature descriptor for matching feature points to generate a sparse motion field for analysis. Two motion estimation examples using this sparse motion field are presented. One uses motion classification for monitoring vehicle motion to detect abrupt movement and to provide a rough estimate of the depth of the scene in front of the vehicle. The other one detects moving objects for vehicle surrounding monitoring to detect vehicles with movements that could potentially cause collisions. This algorithm detects vehicles that are speeding up from behind, slowing down in the front, changing lane, or passing. Four videos are used to evaluate these algorithms. Experimental results verify SYnthetic BAsis' performance and the feasibility of using the resulting sparse motion field in embedded vision sensors for motion-based driver assistance systems.


The objectives of this research are 1) To study the youth development status based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project 2) To develop the model of youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project 3) To propose the model of youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project in the Participatory Action Research.  The Quantitative Research consists of 1) The In-Depth Interview of 45 monks/laymen by analyzing the overall data 2) Seminar of 10 important informants who are monks and laymen. The data analysis is carried out by analyzing the content and concluding the seminar results and 3) Group conversation for five monks/laymen who are important informants. The data analysis is carried out by analyzing the content and concluding the group conversation results. The research results found that For the status of youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project, we found that the process in youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project such as 1) Ideas include learn – play – be – change 2) The goals are changing yourself and changing people in the whole world. 3) The curriculum is youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles which are Precept, Meditation and Intelligence. We have developed the youth according to the Threefold Training Principles throughout 4 weeks. Topics include 1) Learning in Dhamma and Doing in the World. The second topic is Play – Playing Well and Developing Intelligence. The 3 rd topic is Be which is Be the Best at Your Standpoint. And the fourth topic is Change Yourself to the New One. From the model of youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project, we found that the youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project under the theme "loving, waiting, contentment, giving" consist of 4 procedures which are 1) Preparation of project management plans 2) Implementation of main components 3) Youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles 4) Youth follow-up and development 5) Project management improvement and development and 6) Project management evaluation and communication plans. The youth development based on the Threefold Training Principles in Samanera Plookpanya Dhamma Project is the use of novice monkhood in summer for further communication. It is the broadcast of these young novices ordination for 4 weeks. They need to be trained and comply with training rules as well as study the Buddhism principles through the historical background of the Lord Buddha. Moreover, there are a wide variety of learning from master monks and lecturers under the theme "Learn to Love with Dhamma Principles, Learn to Wait without Discouragement, Learn to be Content for Happiness and Learn to Give for Happy Mind". The use of Threefold Training Principles that consist of precept, meditation and intelligence is the processes in training and developing youth to have the positive behavior in accordance with 3 perspectives of the Threefold Training Principles. They are 1) Self-development in precept 2) Self-development in meditation 3) Self-development in intelligence. They can develop these 3 important perspectives when they are ordained and will be able to adapt them in their daily lives after they leave the Buddhist monkhood.


Inthis paper, wepropose anoveladaptive beamforming algorithm withenhanced noise suppression capability. The proposed algorithm incorporates thesound-source presence probability into theadaptive blocking matrix, whichisestimatedbased ontheinstantaneous direction ofarrival ofthe input signals andvoiceactivity detection. Theproposed algorithm guarantees robustness tosteering vector errors without imposing adhocconstraints ontheadaptive filter coefficients. Itcanprovide goodsuppression performance forbothdirectional interference signals aswellasisotropic ambient noise. Forin-car environment theproposed beamformer showsSNRimprovement upto12dBwithout using anadditional noise suppressor.


Abstract To investigate the supplemental effects of Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HILM) on the production, egg quality, yolk fatty acid composition, egg amino acid content, oxidative status, and immune indexes of laying hens. A total of 432 Xuefeng black-bone chickens (45-week-old) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 18 hens in each replicate. The laying hens were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% HILM (CON, HILM-1, HILM-3, and HILM-5, respectively) for 56 d. The experimental diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The highest egg weight and Haugh unit were obtained with 3% HILM supplementation, but the HILM-3 or HILM-5 supplementation have negative effect on the eggshell thickness, yolk index, and albumen height during the early stage of the experiment. The HILM supplementation linearly or quadratically (p < .05) increased the C14:0, C17:0, C18:2n6c, C20:2 contents of yolk, the Glu, Val, Met, Phe, and Leu contents of egg, the T-SOD and CAT activities, and the NDV-Ab and AIV-Ab levels of plasma. With increasing supplementation of HILM in the basal diet, FCR, the C16:0 and C16:1 contents of yolk, MDA content and IL-2 level of plasma decreased both linearly or quadratically (p < .05). In conclusion, Hermetia illucens larvae meal can be a suitable alternative protein source for Xuefeng black-bone chicken. Dietary supplementation of 3% HILM in basal diets may be a feasible means of effectively increasing the production performance of laying hens, and partially enhanced hens' antioxidant capability and immune function. HIGHLIGHTS Supplementation of 1% HILM had no effect on laying hens, and supplementation of 3% HILM increased the egg weight and Haugh unit. Supplementation of 3% HILM or 5% HILM have a negative effect on the eggshell thickness, yolk index, and albumen height during the early stage of the experiment. Supplementation of 3% HILM increased the C14:0, C17:0, and C20:2 contents of yolk, the Glu, Val, Met, Phe, and Leu contents of egg. The plasma antioxidant status and immune response improved by dietary addition of HILM at 3% levels.


According to deformed specificities for rock mass bedding slope,the common failure forms in slope engineering are summarized,the rock beam structure model under various restriction in engineering locale are extract.Based on the modality amplitude equation of equilibrium stability built on post-buckling energy criterion,the regions nearby equilibrium bifurcation point and evolutions along equilibrium path are studied,the buckling and the shearing slip displacement criteria in the form of the upper bound slipping displacement and the ultimate length with shearing slip are given,reflecting the post-buckling deformation and failure of structure rock mass.The displacement criteria given in the paper and the available measure method in engineering locale are used to predict the stability of the rock slope,supplementing the stability displacement criteria.


There has been very little research in distributed predicate detection for faulty, asynchronous environments. We define a class of predicates called set decreasing predicates which can be detected in such an environment. We introduce a set of failure detectors called infinitely often accurate detectors which are implementable in asynchronous systems. Based on these failure detectors we present an algorithm to detect conjunction of local predicates and send-monotonic channel predicates. Since perfect failure detection is impossible in an asynchronous system, we cannot guarantee that our detection algorithm will not have false detections. However, if the predicate ever holds then it is guaranteed to be detected.


INTRODUCTION From the end of 2011 to the beginning of 2014, the MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) has been the most prominent phenomenon, and major trend, in online pedagogy and educational technology. MOOCs have gained so much attention that the media characterized 2012 as the year of the MOOC (Pappano, 2012). The roots of the MOOC can be traced back to a variety of technological advancements and philosophical stances including: Free and Open Software, OpenCourseWare, Open Educational Resources, and the collaborative principles of " Web 2.0. " Thus, development of MOOCs is ambitious and goes beyond the simple offering of free online text-based course materials. MOOCs have been described as harnessing the power of cloud computing and social networks, thereby offering a digital learning ecosystem within which experts who seek to facilitate learning and millions of people interested in learning come together to realize the vision of open education for all (Liyanagunawardena et al., 2013). A number of universities have been actively involved in the formation of several consortia that offer MOOC services. Demographic information and fast growing numbers of participants reveal a great enthusiasm about the MOOC phenomenon. MOOCs, while beginning in the North American context, have become a global phenomenon with courses being offered in many languages, in many continents 1. However, it should be noted that despite all the initial optimism, many now contest original stances regarding the potential for MOOCs to make education available to all. Even though MOOCs have been heralded as Disruptive Innovations (Horn & Christiansen, 2013), and despite the excitement by a select group of pundits, universities, professors, and learners who have jumped into MOOCs, theorists have raised several questions regarding the effectiveness and sustainability of 1 A good, albeit incomplete, list of MOOC providers globally can be found on http://www.class-central.com where one may find a partial, but impressive, catalog of courses offered through the MOOC format. MOOCs. In the two years since MOOCs were catapulted into the limelight, a variety of problems and limitations have emerged. These limitations and problems manifest themselves in technological, design, human resources, and logistical concerns and are connected with the MOOCs themselves and with the environments in which MOOCs are situated. In addition there is currently a scarcity of academic research on MOOCs and most of the relevant work remains anecdotal, written either from participants' personal experiences, or by educational pundits who observe without participating. To this …


Nutrient accumulation in surface soil has become a serious problem for cucumber production in greenhouse. However, still in many cases, soil management practices are only focused on maintaining crop yield, regardless of sustainability related with soil chemical properties. This study was conducted to propose a sustainable soil management practice by investigating the impact of cover crop species and nitrogen rate of fertigated solution on cucumber yield and soil chemical properties in greenhouse condition. Rye and hairy vetch were tested as a fallow cover crop, and each amount of urea (1/2, 3/4, 1 times of N fertilizer recommendations), determined by soil testing result, was supplied in fertigation plots as an additional nitrogen source. The result showed that the yield of cucumber was higher in rye treatment than control and hairy vetch treatment. In addition, rye effectively reduced EC and accumulated nutrients from the soil. Meanwhile, N concentration of fertigated solution showed no significant effect on the growth and yield of cucumber. Consequently, these results suggest that it is desirable to choose rye as a fallow catch crop for sustainable cucumber production in greenhouse.


AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effect of Weimaining (WMN) on a murine Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and the influence on the cell cycle. METHODS: The inhibitory rate of WMN in 3LL growth was detected by replicating the model of 3LL. The effect of the drug on 3LL cell cycle and the influence of the drug on the expression of cyclin D1 protein were investigated by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The results showed that the inhibitory rate of drug in 3LL is 19.14%, 33.59%, 40.63% and 51.56% respectively at dosage ranging from 100,150, 200 and 250 mg·kg~ -1·d~ -1. The drug inhibits tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. The drug arrests 3LL cells in G_0-G_1 phase and decreases the expression of cyclin D1 protein. CONCLUSION: WMN inhibits the growth of 3LL cells in vivo by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, blocking the cells in G_0-G_1 phase and preventing the cells transition from G_1 to S phase while DNA is replicated.


Daniel Paul Schreber, a senior German Judge at the end of the 19th century, author of Memoirs of My Nervous Illness, wanted to become a woman. Diagnosed by Freud, without ever meeting this patient, as mad, the Judge was simultaneously made world famous and stigmatised as a lunatic. The diagnosis, taken up again by Lacan, excluded the Judge from any non-clinical reading. Schreber's Law reverses this diagnosis and takes up the case of the Judge in the current climate of trans advocacy to argue that far from being mad, he was driven by transitional desire and his extra-judicial writings, the Memoirs, some poetry, an essay on legal doctrine should be taken seriously as a radical critique of morbus juridicus, the illness of law. The argument is that the Judge fell ill of law. He was sick of the iron cage of German jurisprudence and so broke out and inscribed a biting critique of the automatism of jurists, of the theology of legal positivism, and of affectless reason of law's putative science.


ThinPrep liquid-based cytology, even in an unusual case, such as the primary metastasis of ACC to the liver. The diagnosis in both cytological paraffinembedded material and Tru-cut material verified that the histological finding of the metastasis was the same as that of the primary tumour, and compatible also with the findings of immunohistochemistry (positive for EMA and S100), predicting a poor clinical outcome of the patient. Moreover, Ki67 and p53 protein expression (negative for Ki67 and p53) and ploidy analysis were performed, although their importance as independent prognostic markers is debatable. We conclude that with the ThinPrep technique, split-sample is not necessary for diagnostic purposes. Additionally, the advantage of the cell-block technique on ThinPrep residual material that was embedded in paraffin is the recognition of well retained organized structures and the reliable application of immunohistochemical techniques.


A round liquid jet impinging on a circular disc with free edge generates a thin liquid film in the center surrounded by a thick film. For low flow rates, the thick film is bounded by a stable rim around the disc edge and flows off only from one spot at the edge. The outer Froude number remains constant for varied flow rates and disc sizes but changes with the surface tension of the fluid. The jump radius increases linearly with the flow rate, and the linear slope varies with the surface tension. Due to the stable-rim edge condition, the constant outer Froude numbers observed in our study are different from the constant value reported by Duchesne et al. ["Constant Froude number in a circular hydraulic jump and its implication on the jump radius selection," Europhys. Lett. 107, 54002 (2014)]. Despite the constant outer Froude numbers being independent of the flow rate, the inner Froude number changes with the flow rate, which is due to the surface tension force at the jump location. Force analysis is conduc...


This paper presents the conceptual development and piloting of a knowledge-based development model for primate cities. Using UNESCO's knowledge societies conceptual framework, the study extends this framework by substantiating relationships between the framework's components, intellectual capital, knowledge processes and macro-level sustainable development goals (economic, environmental, social as well as peace/security dimensions). An international Delphi panel of experts in the fields of knowledge management, knowledge cities and urban planning, validated the knowledge-based development model derived from the framework. Empirical field pilots were conducted with the model in primate cities in Ethiopia and Thailand to assess the relevance of the model and to explore what insights and guidance it could provide policy-makers. The model identified key resources and critical areas where policy interventions are needed. Feedback from respondents contributed to the model's improvement. A K-SWOT policy dialogue further demonstrated the model's potential for supporting decision-making.


This classic presentation suggests intracranial hemorrhage but a number of other conditions have been shown to cause sudden severe headache.


We investigate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes for nonergodic block-fading channels. A construction method for designing QC-LDPC codes is presented. With careful design, the proposed QC-LDPC codes exhibit the same good performance as their corresponding random root- LDPC codes introduced in [1] using iterative belief-propagation (BP) decoding. Moreover, the structure of the proposed QCLDPC codes makes an efficient encoding method possible.


Background Primary headache disorders such as migraine and tension-type headaches represent an important public health problem. Besides genetic factors, environmental parameters, and, in particular, recent lifestyle patterns may contribute to the increasing prevalence of headache disorders.

Sample and methods 173 women, between the ages of 18 and 65 years, were enrolled in the present study. The present study focuses on the association between recent lifestyle patterns such as physical activity, time spent outdoors, time spent in front of TV or computer screens, nicotine consumption, weight status as well as chronic stress exposure, and the duration and intensity of migraine and tension-type headaches (TTHs) in a female sample from Austria. An extensive online questionnaire, consisting of 72 questions regarding sociodemographic background, headache anamnesis, lifestyle factors, such as sleep, and physical activity patterns, was distributed via online platforms by means of a snowball sampling system. Additionally, chronic stress was measured using the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress.

Results Participants suffering from migraine were significantly older than women suffering from tension-type headaches (TTHs) and migraine. Age was significantly associated with migraine attack frequency. Women suffering from tension-type headaches (TTH) intensity showed significant associations with physical exercise, sleep, and chronic stress. Fewer hours of exercise and higher stress were connected with higher pain intensity. Migraine frequency, in contrast, correlated with daily hours spent in front of computer screen, while stress and physical exercise did not show associations with migraines.

Conclusion The study showed that lifestyle factors may be associated with and may have effects on primary headache disorders, especially tension-type headaches.


Thiophosphoryl nitrenes, R2P(S)N, are thiazirine-like intermediates that have been chemically inferred from trapping products in early solution studies. In this work, photolysis of the simplest thiophosphoryl azide, F2P(S)N3, in solid noble-gas matrices enabled a first-time spectroscopic (IR and UV-vis) identification of the thiophosphoryl nitrene F2P(S)N in its singlet ground state. Upon visible-light irradiation (≥495 nm), it converts into the thionitroso isomer F2P-N═S, which can also be produced in the gas phase from flash vacuum pyrolysis of F2P(S)N3. Further irradiation of F2P-NS with 365 nm UV light leads to the reformation of F2P(S)N and isomerization to the thiazyl species F2P-S≡N.


A Schiff base, obtained by the condensation of isatin monohydrazone with furfuraldehyde (L1) and its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes as well as its mixed ligand complexes with 1,10-phenonthroline were synthesized. The ligands and their complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FABmass, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, FT-IR, electronic spectra, magnetic moment, TGA and powder XRD studies. The analytical data show that the metal to ligand ratio is 1:1. The result showed that the Schiff base ligands act as a biidentate donor. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates the presence of lattice water molecules in the complexes. All the compounds have been tested in vitro against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. DNA cleavage activity of the ligand and its complexes were assayed on Escherichia coli DNA using gel electrophoresis in the presence of H2O2. The anticancer activities of some selected complexes have also been studied towards human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Copper complexs was found to be most potent biologically active compound.


In the paper we present an involutional block cipher PP-1, which is a scalable SPN. The cipher has very low memory requirements and uses only simple and fast arithmetic operations. The paper discus...


&NA; Two techniques, a binocular rivalry task and a binocular brightness matching task, were designed to yield indices of asymmetry (relative dominance weights) for the two eyes, the crossed and uncrossed visual pathways, and the two cerebral hemispheres. Twenty subjects with normal vision were run on all conditions. Intercorrelations of the dominance weights obtained by the two methods showed no relationship between the two methods, but produced three hypotheses about visual functioning: (1) the left hemisphere appears more dominant for rivalry; (2) the right hemisphere appears more dominant for brightness matching; (3) the uncrossed visual pathways are dominant over the crossed pathways in the binocular rivalry task.


This study reports a novel strategy to obtain ultrafine metastable monoclinic molybdenum trioxide (β-MoO3) powder by the method of sublimation in the temperatures range of 1123–1373 K using the industrial grade MoO3 as raw material. The vapor-phase MoO3 could rapidly condensate and deposit in the bag filter after being quenched. It is found that the particle size has no obvious regularity with the sublimation temperature and the as-prepared β-MoO3 appears to be perfectly spherical. Impurities such as SiO2 in raw MoO3 samples have a significant retarding influence on the sublimation rate. Both the mechanisms of sublimation of industrial grade MoO3 as well as the nucleation and growth process of ultrafine β-MoO3 have been shed light. This work may have a guide role in the large-scale production of ultrafine spherical β-MoO3 catalyst.


A total of 100 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from
Hungary and Romania were tested for in vitro susceptibility to 7 antimicrobial agents by
using standard disc diffusion method. Results showed that majority of A. pleuropneumoniae
isolates were found susceptible to most antimicrobial agents tested.


D-CUBED is a semantic code query system for Java. Its focus is on capturing the semantics of an analyzed program. It provides rich support to investigate the call flow and data flow of a program by using static analysis techniques with the custom model of symbolic instances. The usage scenarios of D-CUBED include: (1) detection of design patterns with the focus on code semantics (the good), (2) discovery of bugs, including a range of security holes (the bad), (3) assessment and improvement of a design by discovering bad design and code practices (the ugly).


Alterations in candidate genes by way of substitutions, insertions, or deletions at restriction enzyme cleavage sites may produce changes in the resulting length of DNA fragments called restriction fragment length polymorphisms, which may serve as genetic markers if they are linked to quantitative trait loci. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained high popularity as markers for genetic studies due to their high accuracy and reproducibility. The present study was undertaken to detect polymorphism in Exon 10 region of Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene. We have detected two novel SNPs in Exon 10 region of Prolactin Receptor (PRLR) gene in 10 indigenous grey cattle breeds from different agro-climatic regions of India. The PCR product using a set of primer pairs were digested with NaeI and SmlI restriction enzymes resulting in fragments of 232 bp and 168 bp from exon 10 region of PRLR gene. Out of 455 animals screened, 75.8% animals were homozygous AA, 3.1% of animal were homozygous CC and 21.1% animals were heterozygous (AC). The frequency of C allele was significantly lower than the A allele in all the cattle breeds studied. The mean gene frequency of C allele was estimated to be 0.136 with Kangayam showing the maximum frequency (0.213), and Punganur the minimum frequency (0.042). For the second set of primer out of 454 animals were screened, GT genotype was most frequent with genotypic frequency of 43.2%, followed by homozygous GG genotype with a frequency of 43.0% and TT with 13.8% frequency. The frequency distribution of G allele across the ten breeds ranged from 0.446 (Nagori) to 0.771 (Hill Cattle) with a mean value of 0.645, whereas that of T allele ranged from 0.229 (Hill Cattle) to 0.554 (Nagori) with a mean value of 0.355.


An observational study has found that patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) who used aspirin or another NSAID had a reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and a reduced risk of dying from CLD.


This paper isabout thedevelopment ofvision based automatic inspection system ofwelded nutsonsupport hinge usedtosupport thetrunk lidofacar. Until now,projection welding andinspecting process ofwelded nutswas being performed manually andrecorded bytheoperator's nakedeye.Sothese processes caused theproduction of poorly-made articles. Theconditions ofpoorly-made articles aredivided into thetwocategories. Oneisanommition of nuts, theother isaneccenticity ofwelded nuts. These articles maketrouble toerect between support hinge andthelidof trunk. Toimprove demerits ofthis manual operation, automatic inspection system isintroduced. 3Dmechanical design tool, Pro-Engineer, isusedtomanagetheexacttolerance circumstances andavoid design failures. Simulation is performed tomakethecomplete vision based automatic inspection system before assembly, andthis procedure ledto themanufacturing costsaving. Astheinspection algorithm, template matching algorithm(pattem matching and geometric matching techniques inNIIMAQVISION) isapplied todistinguish thearticles ofgoodquality andthe poorly-made articles. Mainpanal ofdeveloped vision program isprogrammed byusing LabVIEWofNational Instruments Co.Mainprogram contains operating modeandsetting modecompensating minimummatching score about thevariation ofthelighting condition. Testalgorithm, lighting system andprogram showed goodresults tothe designed inspection system andledtotheincrement ofproductivity inaccordance withthereduction ofelimination of poorly-made articles.


Blue energy upconversion emission in Tm/sup 3+/-doped SiO/sub 2/-P/sub 2/O/sub 5/ channel waveguides off-resonance pumped by infrared radiation is reported. The waveguide samples were excited by a single continuous-wave laser source at 1.064 /spl mu/m. Two distinct blue emission signals around 450 and 480 nm, in addition to red at 660 nm and near-infrared at 800-nm less intense emissions were observed. The upconversion excitation mechanism was assigned to stepwise multiphoton absorption processes followed by nonradiative multiphonon-assisted relaxation processes. Infrared-to-blue conversion efficiencies with respect to the absorbed pump power of /spl sim/6.0/spl times/10/sup -7/ for this off-resonance pumping scheme was measured. The dependence of the infrared-to-blue upconversion mechanism upon the excitation power and thulium content is also examined.


A content regeneration device provided with a content buffer (12), a content regeneration unit (13), a navigation function unit (15) that provides guidance along a route to a destination, an output switching unit (14) that selects and outputs to the outside first voice data that is output from the content regeneration unit (13) or second voice data that is output from the navigation function unit (15), and a streaming control unit (11) that controls the content regeneration unit (13) and the output switching unit (14) and that sets a buffer size that is a target value for the amount of content data to be stored in the content buffer (12). When the amount of content data stored in the content buffer (12) is less than the buffer size, the regeneration operations of the content regeneration unit (13) are suspended during the period of time in which the second voice data is output to the outside.


This article covers special features of professional training of social science students in the economic aspect. Research activity is an integral part of professional training of university students as it forms personal qualities that make up the human capital. Authors mention that specialists of different spheres are required to improve their competitive performance as well as master scientific research competencies in the modern world. Anthropocentric paradigm of modern research implies giving special priority to a person and person's needs as well as determining important aspects of development of society and economy. Social features of the society include economic factors. Thus, professional training of social science students is an important part of economic components of the society. The notion "human capital" is frequently used in modern economic research. In his work "Human Capital Theory", Theodore Schulz, an American economist, considers this term as a measure that determines a person's ability to make money. According to economic theory, human capital is a stock of personal qualities that are formed throughout life: knowledge, skills, talent, health, etc. It should be noted that such qualities are not given to a person only at the moment of birth, they are formed in the process of studying and getting experience. As crisis and transformation processes become deeper nowadays, social image of the society is rapidly changing, all life spheres are being updated, social tension is


Sour media such as hydrogen sulphide which are transported in welded pipes are major sources of the formation of hydrogen-induced cracks. The formation mechanisms of the cracks as well as the possibilities of assessing them were presented in a preceding part [1]. Part 2 describes investigations which were conducted on spiral-welded pipes made of low-alloy steels and served to determine the influence of hydrogen and external tensile stresses on the mechanical strengths. For this purpose, tests were performed in a special testing device in conditions of stress-cracking corrosion. It was shown that steels with a content of less than 0.1% carbon and less than 0.002% sulphur are characterised by a high resistance to hydrogen cracks.


This study aims to find out the learning difficulties of blind students in Economics lessons. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive type, while data collection uses interviews with four blind students at SMA Kertajaya Surabaya with direct interviews. Data collection techniques using purposive and snowball sampling. The results of the study show that especially for blind students, the Economics Teacher provides additional learning media in the form of files or video links from YouTube which can help them to understand Economics material auditory. Then to work on economics assignments, blind students use cell phone media. The Economics teacher provides media to collect special assignments for blind students via the WhatsApp application. Giving assignments or exam questions will be read out by the teacher then the blind students work on documents (not written on paper).


We discuss various generalizations of the class of Lindelof spaces and study the difference between two of these generalizations, the classes of star-Lindelof and centered-Lindelof spaces.


The invention relates to an anti-collision anti-jamming bus safety door system. The anti-collision anti-jamming bus safety door system comprises a bus door system, a detection device, a monitoring device, a display device, an alarming device and a door opening-closing key; the detection device comprises a door view camera (21) and a door side rearview camera (22); the door view camera (21) faces a slot when door sashes are closed; the door side rearview camera (22) faces the rear side direction of the door; the monitoring device comprises a controller and a monitoring module; the controller is a microprocessor; the bus door system, the detection device, the display device, the alarming device and the door opening-closing key are connected with the controller of the monitoring device through a cable; the monitoring module is arranged in the controller and used for controlling the bus door system. By adopting the anti-collision anti-jamming bus safety door system, a bus door scene can be monitored, the door can be controlled to be opened and closed according to the situation of the car coming from the right rear side outside the door and the jamming of people, an alarm can be issued in time, and the accidents that the passenger is hit by a car, jammed by the door and dragged after being jammed by the door can be greatly reduced.


To begin with I should explain my relatively short acquaintance with documentation matters. Until three and a half years ago my experience was entirely on the examining side of the Patent Office and my acquaintance with the documentation side (or classification section as it is more familiarly known in the Patent Office) was limited to reorganizing several of my search files. Due to a series of retirements at the office I suddenly found myself translated to the Classification Section with the need to catch up very rapidly on classification theory and practice as it applied to patent documents, and in particular to become acquainted with the international organizations operative in this field.


Photonuclear reactions in the targets /sup 2/7Al, /sup 2/8Si, /sup 3/1P, /sup 3/2S, and /sup 4/0Ca have been studied for maximum bremsstrahlung energies of 2, 2.4, 3, and 4.5 GeV. The yields of the residual nuclei /sup 7/Be, /sup 1/1C, /sup 1/3N, /sup 1/8F, /sup 2/2Na, and /sup 2/4Na were measured by means of a germanium-lithium semiconductor detector with a sensitive volume of 30 cm/sup 3/. In discussion of the results we took into account the contribution of the low energy part of the bremsstrahlung spectrum. Comparison of the measured yields with estimates calculated by Rudstam's formula permitted us to conclude that there is a difference in the mechanism of formation of the light fragments /sup 7/Be, /sup 1/1C, and /sup 1/3N from that of the other residual nuclei /sup 1/8F, /sup 2/2Na, and /sup 2/4Na.


Hull-less pumpkin seed press-cake, a by-product of the pumpkin oil pressing
 process, was used to formulate a fat-based spread which resembled commercial
 peanut butter; both in the appearance and in texture. In this study, response
 surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of a commercial
 stabilizer and cold-pressed hemp oil added to the pumpkin seed press-cake, on
 the texture of the formulations using instrumental texture profile analysis.
 The responses were significantly affected by both variables tested in a
 central composite, two factorial experimental design on five levels. Strong
 and firm spreads, without visible oil separation were formed and had an
 appearance and texture comparable to commercial peanut butter. In terms of
 the primary food texture attributes such as hardness, cohesiveness and
 adhesiveness, determined by the instrumental texture analysis, the optimum
 combination of variables with 1-1.2% of added stabilizer and 20- 40% of added
 hemp oil (in the oil phase) produced desirable spreads.


Abstract The paper presents hydrographic changes in a river system and their influence on the legal classification of watercourses in Poland. As a case study, the watercourse Motwica, right tributary of the river San has been analysed. The main objective of this paper is an attempt to analyse whether the Motwica should be classified as flowing or standing water and the legal grounds for such classification in the Water Law Act. On the base of archival and contemporary cartographic materials' analysis it has been determined that the Motwica should not be classified as natural watercourse because its significant part flows in an artificial channel.


The literature on action research and how it should be applied is extensive. However, this chapter is not intended to be a substitute for or to provide a synopsis of the substantial body of literature on action research. Its aim is instead to show the potential benefits of this underutilised research approach in heritage management research. Although there are many varieties of action research, the major elements of action research processes are action, research, and participation. Action research has a collaborative social change agenda, with democratic transformation being achieved through the participation of professional researchers and practitioners. It bridges the divide between the outsiders (researchers) and insiders (stakeholders), and differs from many conventional research strategies in that it identifies a problem and attempts to provide a solution that leads to a change in the community or organisation. The case study on developing a public programming strategy for archival institutions in South Africa presented in this chapter illustrates this point.