The social security system prevailing in China's western region has not yet been perfect with a generally low level of popularization,unstandard management system,and retarded progress in law-making.This situation does not conform to the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way.In order to make further improvements,the establishment of the system of guaranteeing a minimum subsistence level for needy urban and rural residents should be done in connection with the cultivation of cipital market so as to promote the establishment of a market-oriented social security system.A new relationship between socially pooled funds and personal accounts should be established by improving the fund-raising models so that the funds of personal accounts may be run by non-governmental agencies.Much attention should be paid to the management of social security funds and every effort should be made to maintain and add the value of social security funds.The establishment of social security system in urban and rural areas should be progressed coordinatively and legally so as to lay a foundation for the urbanization drive in China's western region.


Fulfilment of optimal balance nutrition will be affected by the health and reproductive system on the teenager. The main problem at that period is an iron deficiency or anaemia. Based on preliminary studies in Al Ma'ruf Islamic Boarding School there were 28 teenagers (29,1%) from 96 had anaemia. The data showed that there is still a high incident in Al Ma'ruf Islamic Boarding School. This research aims to analyze factors that influence the incidence of anaemia in teenager at Al Ma'ruf Islamic Boarding School Kediri. A study design used in this research is correlational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The population and sample in this study were all teenagers in Al Ma'ruf Islamic Boarding School in Kediri as many as 96 people. The sampling technique used in this research is the total population. Measurement methods used questionnaire and data analysis using Rho spearman and multiple logistic regression. The result of this research showed factor that influenced the incident of anaemia are age (p value = 0,017; OR = 7,118), knowledge of nutrition (p value = 0,006; OR = 0,230) and nutritional status (p value = 0,000 ; OR = 0,025). Age is the most affected factor that increasing the incident of anaemia. Physical activity (p value = 0,604) and length of menstruation (p value = 0,071) are not correlated with the incidence of anaemia.


The characteristics of excellent courses under network information environment include the change in teaching philosophy,the innovation of teaching models,the diversification of teaching methods and the flexibility of teaching ways.The essay proposes that the establishment of a sharing mechanism of high quality teaching resources could not only display excellent courses' demonstration and radiation effects,but also create a learning atmosphere to meet different learners' needs.The essay discusses a management system that meets the demands for the operation and management of network education and the construction of network resources.


Today, Big Data is one of the key economic and information resources needed to transform the digital economy and the competitiveness of a consulting firm. The analysis of scientific literature indicates the lack of a unified approach to the concept of "Big Data" in the consulting market. The development of Big Data technology in the market of consulting services and their commercial application is relevant. The article discusses the evolution of approaches to the concept of "Big Data", prospects and factors of development and sources of data acquisition. We also discussed the benefits of using big data technology. The research summarized available knowledge about the nature and development of Big Data technology in the consulting services market. The study revealed the power of the tool used by the analyst. The study identified a distinction between the terms "Deep Date" and "Big Date". We examined the following issues related to Big Data: the processing costs, in particular, expensive equipment, wages for qualified specialists, the problem of confidentiality and loss of information.


The purpose of reinforcement learning system is to learn an optimal policy in general. However, in 2players games such as the othello game, it is important to acquire a penalty avoiding policy. In this paper, we are focused on formation of penalty avoiding policies based on the Penalty Avoiding Rational Policy Making algorithm [2]. In applying it to large-scale problems, we are confronted with the curse of dimensionality. To overcome it in 2-players games, we introduce several ideas and heuristics. We show that our learning player can always defeat against the well-known othello game program KITTY.


Many problems in engineering and related areas require the simultaneous optimisation of multiple objectives and to this end, rank-based genetic algorithms have proved very successful. The key issue of convergence of vector optimisations, however, has not hitherto been explicitly addressed. In this paper we introduce rank histograms both to assess convergence of a given single genetic optimisation and to combine results from multiple runs to test for the adequacy of the individual optimisations. Results are presented on two analytic benchmark multiobjective problems where the optimal solution set is known a priori, and on a problem in partitioning a pattern recognition task.


This thesis describes the equilibrium states (the KMS states) of dynamical systems arising from local homeomorphisms. It has two main components. First, we consider a local homeomorphism on a compact space and the associated Hilbert bimodule. This Hilbert bimodule has both a Toeplitz algebra and a Cuntz-Pimsner algebra, which is a quotient of the Toeplitz algebra. Both algebras carry natural gauge actions of the circle, and hence one can obtain natural dynamics by lifting these actions to actions of the real numbers. We study KMS states of these dynamics at, above, and below a certain critical value. For inverse temperature larger than the critical value, we find a large simplex of KMS states on the Toeplitz algebra. For the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra the KMS states all have inverse temperatures below the critical value. Our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra overlap with recent work of Thomsen, but our proofs are quite different. At the critical value, we build a KMS state of the Toeplitz algebra which factors through the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. To understand KMS states below the critical value, we study the backward shift on the infinite path space of an ordinary directed graph. Merging our results for the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra of shifts with the recent work about KMS states of the graph algebras, we show that Thomsen's bounds on of the possible inverse temperature of KMS states are sharp. In the second component, we consider a family of ∗-commuting local homeomorphisms on a compact space, and build a compactly aligned product system of Hilbert bimodules (in the sense of Fowler). This product system also has two interesting algebras, the Nica-Toeplitz algebra and the Cuntz-Pimsner algebra. For these algebras the gauge action is an action of


Joint localization and communication systems have drawn significant attention due to their high resource utilization. In this paper, we consider a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided simultaneously localization and communication system. We first determine the sum squared position error bound (SPEB) as the localization accuracy metric for the presented localization-communication system. Then, a joint RIS discrete phase shifts design and subcarrier assignment problem is formulated to minimize the SPEB while guaranteeing each user's achievable data rate requirement. For the presented non-convex mixed-integer problem, we propose an iterative algorithm to obtain a suboptimal solution by utilizing the Lagrange duality as well as penalty-based optimization methods. Simulation results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.


In the last five years, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) received more attention from the government and banks. SMEs' ability to withstand waves of financial crisis in Indonesia, its significant contribution for national economy, and its capability in absorbing workforce made SMEs play an important part in Indonesia's economy. Every SMEs are surely implementing business strategy to keep their market share and expand their business. Using business strategy typology by Jabnoun – prospector, defender, analyzer and reactor – this research aims to map business strategy types used by SMEs in Batu city, the most used business strategy, and the result of the business strategy used on their business' success, both partially and simultaneously. The result of this research shows that prospector, defender, analyzer, and reactor business strategy partially and simultaneously affect business' success where prospector strategy being the most dominant factor.


Objective To investigate the changes of arterial elasticity,levels of ox- LDL,IL- 6 and MMP- 3and their clinical significance in patients with mild stenosis of coronary artery. Methods One hundred and thirty- two patients who underwent coronary angiography were divided into three groups according to the result of CAG: coronary heart disease group,the group with mild stenosis of coronary artery and control group. Brachial- ankle pulse wave velocity( ba PWV),which reflected arterial elasticity,was measured by a Colin system. Serum levels of ox- LDL,IL- 6 and MMP- 3 were measured via ELISA before angiography in all subjects. Results Statistically significant differences were observed among three groups in ba PWV and the levels of ox- LDL,IL- 6 and MMP- 3( P 0. 05). Comparing with the control group,there were significant increases in ba PWV and levels of ox- LDL,IL- 6 in the group with mild stenosis of coronary artery( P 0. 05). Levels of MMP- 3 were not significantly different between the two groups( P 0. 05). ba PWV was positively correlated with ox- LDL and IL- 6( r = 0. 472,0. 523; P 0. 001). The correlation remained after control for risk factors of atherosclerosis such as smoking,hypertension and diabetes( r = 0. 435,0. 506; P 0. 01).Conclusion Changes of arterial elasticity is correlated with inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with mild stenosis of coronary artery,which indicates their contribution to occurrence and development of early coronary atherosclerosis.Detection of these indicators may predict mild stenosis of coronary arteries.


AIM: In order to observe the curative effect of Fugan Tablet on chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis,we held clinical observation of 120 cases of chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: 120 cases of chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis were divided into curative group with Fugan Tablet and control group with Hepatic Ling Injection,and the change of symptom,hepatic function,iconography index,hepatic fibrosis in serum and the hepatic histology were observed before and after the treatment,then the curative result of the two groups was compared. RESULTS: The total effective percentage of curative group was 88.33%,and the total effective percentage of control group was 68.33%.Comparing the two groups,the difference was obvious(P0.01).The hepatic fibrosis in serum of both groups decreased obviously after the treatment,and the different was obvious compared with the index before the treatment(P0.01),and there was obvious difference between curative group and control group(P0.05).The iconography of both groups was improved after the treatment,and the venous inside diameter and splenic thickness of curative group had obvious difference before and after the treatment(P0.01),and the velocity of flow and the blood flow in portal veil had obvious difference(P0.05),and the difference was obvious in comparison with the curative group(P0.05).Statisitic treatment of hepatic histology did not do because cases did not answer to. CONCLUSION: The clinical observation proves that Fugan Tablet has a better curative effect on chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis.


The features of the existing structu re of the network management system a re ana-lyzed and the leading position of TMN network management system in study i s determined.On the basis of analysis of demand,it establishes design principle for the management system and discusses the developing methods an d procedure of the system based on TMN.It designs a mod-el for the object managed in the power communication network using the obj ect -oriented method.The paper gives a plan for the integration network management system,completes the structure design,design of managem ent level and design of application f unction.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are widely used to diagnose heart health. Experts can detect multiple cardiac abnormalities using the ECG signal. In a clinical setting, 12-lead ECG is mainly used. But using fewer leads can make the ECG more pervasive as it can be integrated with wearable devices. At the same time, we need to build systems that can diagnose cardiac abnormalities automatically. This work develops a channel self-attention-based deep neural network to diagnose cardiac abnormality using a different number of ECG lead combinations. Our approach takes care of the temporal and spatial interdependence of multi-lead ECG signals. Our team participates under the name "cardiochallenger" in the "PhysioNetl-Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2021". Our method achieves the challenge metric score of 0.55, 0.51, 0.53, 0.51, and 0.53 (ranked 2nd, 5th, 4th, 5th and 4th) for the 12-lead, 6-lead, 4-lead, 3-lead, and 2-lead cases, respectively, on the test data set.


In this communication we have summarized and in some details extended the publications on this subject which have appeared in the Japanese literature. 1 In the course of our investigations of that endemic disease of portions of Japan, which agrees clinically with Well's disease, so called, we discovered a spiroch~etal microorganism which is now believed to be the cause of the disease. In the experiments recorded in this paper, Drs. Inada, Ido, Hoki, and Ito chiefly conducted the experiments on animals, and Dr. Kaneko the pathological and anatomical observations.


Psychological experiment went through the stages from machine,photo electricity to computer.Computerizing of psychological experiment made relevant software system appear and be widely used.On the base of briefly introducing DMDX,function,traits and operation skill of DMDX was expatiated,then some familiar problems such as time precision,error of inputting facility collecting reaction time,format and length of the audio picture file in the DMDX using were discussed.


Ancient "Travel Notes" is an important literature engaged in the tourism,and research on tourist culture.This article introduces three books,namely 《Volume of Diannan Travel》written by Xiong Bin,Qing Dynasty,《Tours the Yunnan Chronicle》by Shi Qing,the Republic of China,《Chronicle in Yunnan and Travel》by Hu Jia,which are now stored in Japanese Library and Japanese Congress Library,and some records about Ancient Kunming,hoping that more and more scholars and experts will attach importance to Ancient " Travel Notes".


This article makes an empirical analysis on the co-integration relationship of house selling price index and real estate index in Shenzhen stock exchange,and conducted Granger test.The results shows that:in the range of a considered,the co-integration relationship between house selling price index and real estate index does exist,and house selling price index reason for the change is caused by real estate index.Finally gives some related proposals.


This article demonstrates a new method of determining depth in wideband coherent Doppler tomography (CDT) using only a monostatic arrangement. The method was developed to eliminate the smearing effects present when imaging a target wrapped around a conformal surface. All that is required is the addition of isotropic targets placed around the subject under test (SUT). Using only a single data set, two images containing differing reference planes are generated. The new algorithm locates the position of these points and correlates the dispersion of the peak spectral power for each one. It has appropriately been named the dual-layer peak matching (DLPM) technique. The DLPM technique will be performed in both the measured and simulated environments to consolidate the robustness of the results generated. For both examples, positional error falls within the range resolution for the measurement setup. All steps are demonstrated from the data acquisition to the final result, allowing the user to predict the depth (from here on referred to as the " $\boldsymbol {\Delta z}$ " location) of multiple scatterers in space. Finally, a tomographic image will be generated that encompasses the DLPM technique to eliminate smearing in the measured example.


This work shows the sensitivity of NDVI as an indicator of the global hydrological regime of the year. The annual water balance in the area was simulated through a physically-based distributed hydrological model previously calibrated and validated in the area from 2001 till 2010. NDVI was obtained from Landsat TM at the end of the dry season in 1000 points randomly distributed over a pine cover in a mountainous Mediterranean area. The influence of different hydrological processes related to the water balance in the soil on the NDVI values was analyzed through Pearson correlation matrices and Principal Components Analyses. Results showed that the NDVI was particularly sensitive to the regime of annual variables related to the snow layer dynamics, especially to snowmelt. These relationships were quantified, with the best fit being obtained between NDVI and the dimensionless index snowmelt divided by precipitation (R2 around 0.7). The adjustments obtained could, in the future, constitute a tool for the estimation of hydrological variables from satellite data in data-poor situations conditioned by the commonly steep slopes and difficult access in mountainous areas.


This paper describes the field experience for teacher librarian (TL) candidates at California State University Long Beach (CSULB). The three key components include: 1) the series of data collection tools that structure the experience; 2) the analytic conversations and actions that arise from analyzing the data jointly; and 3) the impact of the data collection, analysis and actions on the teacher librarian candidate and site teacher librarian's practices.


A discussion is presented on contemporary social and political economy of the island of Futuna, which is part of a French overseas territory in Western Polynesia. After a brief account of historical and demographic background, the intricacies of Futunan social and political organization and forms of economic co-operation are discussed. Mainly the cultural and social embeddedness of the economy, both 'traditional' and 'modern', within particular Futunan configuration is highlighted.


Based on Permenkes No.97 of 2014 Article 14, i.e. paragraph one states that childbirth must be carried out in a health facility. Based on data from the 2019 RI Ministry of Health, South Sumatra Health Office 2019, Riskesdes 2019, South Sumatra Health Office 2019, Muara Enim District Health Office and Sukarami Health Center there are still deliveries that are not carried out in health facilities. Deliveries that are not carried out at a health facility will lead to complications of childbirth, delay in getting services if complications occur and increase the risk of infection.  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, mother's attitude and family support with the lack of interest of mothers giving birth in health facilities. This study uses an analytical survey with quantitative methods with a cross sectional research design. This research was conducted in August 2021 at the Sukarami Health Center, Sungai Rotan District, Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra. The population of this study were all mothers giving birth in the work area of the Sukarami Health Center in 2021, amounting to 301 people. The sample used amounted to 75 of the population taken by using the formula for determining the sample. Data analysis used univariate analysis (proportion) and bivariate analysis (chi square test). The results of the analysis showed that knowledge (p value = 0.022), Mother's Attitude (p value = 0.032) and Family Support (p value = 0.018) had a significant relationship with mothers giving birth in health facilities. The conclusion of this study is that there is an influence between knowledge, mother's attitude and family support with the lack of interest of mothers giving birth in health facilities.


Test particle studies of electron scattering on ions in an oscillatory electromagnetic field have shown that standard theoretical assumptions of small angle collisions and phase independent orbits are incorrect for electron trajectories with drift velocities smaller than quiver velocity amplitude. This leads to significant enhancement of the electron energy gain and the inverse bremsstrahlung heating rate in strong laser fields. Nonlinear processes such as Coulomb focusing and correlated collisions of electrons being brought back to the same ion by the oscillatory field are responsible for large angle, head-on scattering processes. The statistical importance of these trajectories has been examined for mono-energetic beam-like, Maxwellian and highly anisotropic electron distribution functions. A new scaling of the inverse bremsstrahlung heating rate with drift velocity and laser intensity is discussed.


Through offloading tasks to surrounding edge nodes, the edge-assistant vehicular network (EAVN) could provide faster and more efficient services. To promote the deployment of EAVN, we need a reasonable resource allocation scheme. Nowadays, there are few auction mechanisms in EAVN scenario. Moreover, the auction mechanism in other edge computing scenario has following limitations. Firstly, current works only focus on the static/offline auction and do not consider that users will join and leave the auction system at any time in EAVN. Secondly, current works that determine the winning buyers/sellers only based on the price do not consider the unique attributes of EAVN, such as poor communication quality and various task demands. We design an online auction scheme for EAVN, which could satisfy the dynamics of users in the auction system. Moreover, the proposed auction mechanism also considers the non-price attributes, such as location, reputation, and computing ability, when constructing the matching between buyers and sellers. To verify our work, we simulate EAVN using a vehicular network simulator. Experimental results show that the proposed mechanism could meet the properties of computational efficiency, individual rationality, budget balance, and truthfulness.


Objective To explore the safety,feasibility,oncological outcomes and anal function of intersphincteric resection(ISR) in the sphincter-saving operation for ultra-low rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 46 selected patients with ultra-low rectal cancer performed intersphincteric resection between 2000 and 2008 was analyzed.Results A satisfactory sphincter function was obtained in most cases in 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion Intersphincteric resection is an alternative sphincter-saving operation for most patients with ultra-low rectal cancer.


I. Justification of Algorithms of the Method.- 1. Preliminaries.- 2. Differential and Difference Potentials.- 3. Reduction of Boundary-Value Problems for the Laplace Equation to Boundary Equations of Calderon-Seeley Type.- 4. Numerical Solution of Boundary-Value Problems.- II. General Constructions of Surface Potentials.- 1. Generalized Potentials and Boundary Equations with Projections for Differential Operators.- 2. General Constructions of Potentials and Boundary Equations for Difference Operators.- 3. Lazarev's Results on the Algebraic Structure of the Set of Surface Potentials of a Linear Operator.- III. A General Scheme of the Method of Difference.- 1. A General Scheme of the Method of Difference Potentials for Differential Problems.- 2. Illustrations of Constructions of the Method of Difference Potentials.- 3. General Scheine of the Method of Difference Potentials for Solving Numerically the Difference Analogs of Differential Boundary-Value Problems.- IV. Examples of MDP Algorithms for Solving.- 1. The Tricomi Problem.- 2. Constructions of the Method of Difference Potentials for the Computation of Stressed States of Elastic Compressible Materials.- 3. Problems of Internal Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids.- 4. An Example of the MDP Algorithm for Computing the Stationary Acoustic Wave Field outside a Solid of Revolution.- V. Artificial Boundary Conditions.- 1. An Efficient Algorithm for Constructing Artificial Boundary Conditions for a Model Problem.- 2. On the Results of the Application of the Method of Difference Potentials to the Construction of Artificial Boundary Conditions for External Flow Computations.- VI. General Constructions of Difference.- 1. Nonreflecting Difference Conditions on the Moving and Shape Varying Boundary of the Computational Domain.- 2. Spectral Approach to the Construction of Nonreflecting Boundary Conditions.- VII. Nonreflecting Artificial Boundary Conditions.- 1. Problem of Constructing NRABCs and the Corresponding Auxiliary Cauchy Problem.- 2. Algorithm for Solving the Cauchy Problem with the Help of Lacunas.- VIII. Problems of Active Shielding and Imitation.- 1. Active Shielding Control.- 2. Difference Imitation Problems.- References.


Not even 3 months after the release of their impressive record Bread Solstice, released in late March on Artificial Head Records, Brooklyn based ...


This article deals with the creation of a digital twin for an experimental assembly system based on a belt conveyor system and an automatized line for quality production check. The point of interest is a Bowden holder assembly from a 3D printer, which consists of a stepper motor, plastic components, and some fastener parts. The assembly was positioned in a fixture with ultra high frequency (UHF) tags and internet of things (IoT) devices for identification of status and position. The main task was parts identification and inspection, with the synchronization of all data to a digital twin model. The inspection system consisted of an industrial vision system for dimension, part presence, and errors check before and after assembly operation. A digital twin is realized as a 3D model, created in CAD design software (CDS) and imported to a Tecnomatix platform to simulate all processes. Data from the assembly system were collected by a programmable logic controller (PLC) system and were synchronized by an open platform communications (OPC) server to a digital twin model and a cloud platform (CP). Digital twins can visualize the real status of a manufacturing system as 3D simulation with real time actualization. Cloud platforms are used for data mining and knowledge representation in timeline graphs, with some alarms and automatized protocol generation. Virtual digital twins can be used for online optimization of an assembly process without the necessity to stop that is involved in a production line.


The importance of security and the identification of people is growing in today's society, giving rise to several methods to meet this need. One way to meet this need is using biometrics to identify a person by their unique characteristics. the biometrics measures an individual's physiological or behavioral characteristics to identify them it, for example, the characteristics of a person's face (physiological characteristic) or the way a person walks (behavioral) In this work we have designed and implemented a system whose main purpose is to detect the signals of the human voice and recognize the identity of the speaker, we implement our scheme using machine learning techniques where we extract the features of the speaker's audio file and then classify it into labels


Management of tritium inventory remains one of the grand challenges in the development of fusion energy and the choice of plasma-facing materials is a key factor for in-vessel tritium retention. The Atomic and Molecular Data Unit of the International Atomic Energy Agency organized a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on the overall topic of tritium inventory in fusion reactors during the period 2001-2006. This dealt with hydrogenic retention in ITER's plasma-facing materials, Be, C, W, and in compounds (mixed materials) of these elements as well as tritium removal techniques. The results of the CRP are summarized in this article together with recommendations for ITER. Basic parameters of diffusivity, solubility and trapping in Be, C and W are reviewed. For Be, the development of open porosity can account for transient hydrogenic pumping but long term retention will be dominated by codeposition. Codeposition is also the dominant retention mechanism for carbon and remains a serious concern for both Be and C containing layers. Hydrogenic trapping in unirradiated tungsten is low but will increase with ion and neutron damage. Mixed materials will be formed in a tokamak and these can also retain significant amounts of hydrogen isotopes. Oxidative and photon-based techniques for detritiation ofmore » plasma-facing components are described.« less


We thank Marcia McNutt (1) for her opinion piece in PNAS where she supports the goal of open access (OA). We agree with her assertion that further changes in scholarly publishing are inevitable as it "aspires to serve science and society." This ambition is at the heart of the Plan S principles. We seek to work in partnership with funders and other stakeholders—including learned societies—to ensure that the outputs of funded research can be accessed and used by all.

The opinion piece very much focuses on the challenges that learned societies and researchers will face in the transition to full and immediate OA. It concludes with a rhetorical question: What problem is Plan S designed to solve? The answer is simple: We believe that by maximizing access to research results—including by digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and text and data mining—we stand a better chance of understanding and addressing the many challenges society now faces.

As research funders, we are dedicated to serving the research …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: r.kiley{at}wellcome.ac.uk.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


In today's technologically advanced world, a proposal or recommendation engine is possibly the most amazing tool for showcasing. A recommender system is simply a machine learning-based data separation system that predicts a given client's opinions or propensities for a specific product. The problem of data overload in the online business environment is helped by a proposal generator. Because the recommendation system leads the client to the outcomes of the things, he is likely to like, it can therefore help clients save a lot of time browsing. Users are already familiar with the idea of a recommendation engine; whether it be for product suggestions on Amazon, movie suggestions on Netflix, or music suggestions on YouTube, recommender systems are now supporting many aspects of online experience. A Sentimental Analysis is done in order to predict the proposed outcome for a movie system. This analysis involves the comparative analysis of different approaches and their respective accuracies. Cosine Similarity is deployed for better results.


The functional differential Van del Pol equation with delays whose nonlinear terms are in two different forms are compared accordingly in this paper.Mainly by means of the Hopf bifurcation theorem and the cone fixed point theorem in the functional differential equations.Their differences in the periodic solutions and hopf bifurcations are gained.


The exponentially increasing need for high speed data transfer is driven by big data, and cloud computing together with the needs of data intensive science, High Performance Computing (HPC), defense, the oil and gas industry etc. We report on the Zettar ZX software. This has been developed since 2013 to meet these growing needs by providing high performance data transfer and encryption in a scalable, balanced, easy to deploy and use way while minimizing power and space utilization. In collaboration with several commercial vendors, Proofs of Concept (PoC) consisting of clusters have been put together using off-the- shelf components to test the ZX scalability and ability to balance services using multiple cores, and links. The PoCs are based on SSD flash storage that is managed by a parallel file system. Each cluster occupies 4 rack units. Using the PoCs, between clusters we have achieved almost 200Gbps memory to memory over two 100Gbps links, and 70Gbps parallel file to parallel file with encryption over a 5000 mile 100Gbps link.


This study focuses on Pristine$\_180956.78$$-$$294759.8$ (hereafter P180956, [Fe/H] $=-1.95\pm0.02$), a star selected from the Pristine Inner Galaxy Survey (PIGS), and followed-up with the recently commissioned Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) at the Gemini South telescope. The GHOST spectrograph's high efficiency in the blue spectral region ($3700-4800$~\AA) enables the detection of elemental tracers of early supernovae (e.g. Al, Mn, Sr, Eu), which were not accessible in the previous analysis of P180956. The star exhibits chemical signatures resembling those found in ultra-faint dwarf systems, characterised by very low abundances of neutron-capture elements (Sr, Ba, Eu), which are uncommon among stars of comparable metallicity in the Milky Way. Our analysis suggests that P180956 bears the chemical imprints of a small number (2 or 4) of low-mass hypernovae ($\sim10-15\msun$), which are needed to reproduce the abundance pattern of the light-elements (e.g. [Si, Ti/Mg, Ca] $\sim0.6$), and one fast-rotating intermediate-mass supernova ($\sim300\kms$, $\sim80-120\msun$). Both types of supernovae explain the high [Sr/Ba] of P180956 ($\sim1.2$). The small pericentric ($\sim0.7\kpc$) and apocentric ($\sim13\kpc$) distances and its orbit confined to the plane ($\lesssim 2\kpc$), indicate that this star was likely accreted during the early Galactic assembly phase. Its chemo-dynamical properties suggest that P180956 formed in a system similar to an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy accreted either alone, as one of the low-mass building blocks of the proto-Galaxy, or as a satellite of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus. The combination of Gemini's large aperture with GHOST's high efficiency and broad spectral coverage makes this new spectrograph one of the leading instruments for near-field cosmology investigations.


The Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from polar orbiter satellites: METOP and NOAA, and geostationary satellites: GOES-East and METEOSAT. An homogeneous validation scheme has been developed and is applied automatically to all OSI SAF SST products since 2010. This validation scheme relies on in situ SST measurements collected daily with a 5-day delay. A blacklist of buoys updated every 10 days is used to eliminate erroneous buoy measurements from the validation statistics. The validation scheme calculates SST error statistics and plots graphs and error maps, separately for daytime and nighttime, globally and for rather small geographic areas, at three temporal resolution: daily, over 10 days and monthly. Many results are produced automatically for operational monitoring and others are made off line for dedicated studies. In 2010, the geostationary results are worst than the polar orbiter results, due to strong negative errors in the Tropical Atlantic, with two reasons contributing: a less efficient 2-channel algorithm for geostationary satellites instead of a 3-channel algorithm for polar satellites and a higher weight of the Tropical Atlantic area in METEOSAT-9 and GOES-13 statistics than in METOP-2 statistics over the global ocean.


The first record for Vietnam At 10h30 on 4 May 2010, SPM and DPE found a Bar-winged Wren Babbler Spelaeornis troglodytoides just below the summit camp on Mount Fan Si Pan, in the Hoang Lien Son National Park, Sapa, West Tonkin. Mount Fan Si Pan reaches 3,143 m, making it the highest peak in the Hoang Lien Mountains and in Vietnam. The bird was in a rocky gully vegetated with Rhododendron, stunted trees and dense Arundinaria bamboo at c.2,800 m elevation. It was found when it responded to the broadcast of a pre-recorded cut of Gould's Shortwing Brachypteryx stellata. When the cut was played the wren babbler flew up out of the gully, perching openly on a bamboo stem 4 m from the observers, and sang. DPE obtained a number of audio recordings (xc65028, xc65029, xc65030) and FAE obtained a series of photographs (Plates 1 and 2). Although immediately recognised as a Bar-winged Wren Babbler (confirmed in Plates 1 and 2 by the combination of white throat, rich rufous breast-sides and belly-sides, heavily barred wings and relatively long, barred tail), we were aware that this species had not previously been recorded in Vietnam (Robson 2008). It is distributed in the eastern Himalayas, from western Bhutan to northern Myanmar and Yunnan province, China, and in three disjunct populations within central China (Collar & Robson 2007). The Hoang Lien Mountains of Vietnam are the south-easternmost extension of the Himalayas and thus its occurrence in this region is not altogether unexpected. Since wren babblers are not given to vagrancy, it can be safely concluded that our record represents a breeding range extension of some 550 km from the nearest known population in north-west Yunnan, China.


This study examined e-books utilisations and students' academic achievement in universities in Lagos State: implication for educational planners. With the use of descriptive survey research methodologies, this study was driven by three research questions and three null hypotheses. All six of Lagos State's traditional universities make up the study's population. Three institutions were chosen using a straightforward random sampling method. Additionally, 150 final-year students from each of the studied institutions were chosen using a practical selection approach, resulting in 450 respondents from the three universities chosen for the study. A well-structured questionnaire titled "E-Book Utilisation and Students' Academic Achievement in Universities" was used to gather data (IEBSAAU). The test-retest reliability approach was used to validate the instrument, and it was determined to be reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.79. The statistical technique Chi-Square was used to gather data. The findings showed significant relationship in the use of electronic books with X2 = (4, N = 450) = 246.462, P =.000; a significant relationship between computer literacy with  X2 = (4,  N = 450) = 206.431 , P =.000; a significant relationship between students 'perception on the use of electronic books for academic progress with  X2 = (4,  N = 450) = 262.109 , P =.000 and student academic achievement. It is recommended that: E-book library should be set up and maintained in every university of study to boost interest and enlightens students and teachers on the importance of e-books to teaching and learning.


Time-delay (TD) signatures of chaotic output in 1550nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with double variable-polarization optical feedback (DVPOF) are investigated theoretically by using self-correlation function (SF). The effects of delay feedback time, feedback strength, polarizer angle, and injection current on the TD signature are discussed comprehensively. As a result, the optimal parameters setting for the TD signature suppression have been specified.


K. Halmi has shared her vision of the elements that need to be included in any "comprehensive" service response to the needs of people with clinical eating disorders. And few clinicians in the field would wish to argue with her about most of what she has set out.

Some card-carrying nit-pickers such as myself could find things about which to quibble. For instance, the figure of 23 which she quotes for the standardized mortality is rather an outlier on the high side 1,2. Indeed, it is probably for this reason that it gets quoted frequently when the case is being made that eating disorders need to be taken seriously. I have so used it myself.

Others in critical mode might question her proposal that multidisciplinary teams should always have the psychiatrist as their "captain". As a medic myself this seems entirely reasonable and in tune with my view of how things should be, although an irritating part of my mind insists upon coming up with examples of good services that are led – either managerially or clinically or both – by non-medically qualified clinicians. And what about the nurses? They are not on Halmi's list. Yet, where I work they are the biggest professional group, both obviously in the inpatient unit but also less obviously in the outpatient teams, where with appropriate further training and support they make assessments and deliver psychological treatments. But to spend much time on such matters would be to miss the point. So, I shall flag up and comment mainly upon two issues. Each is touched upon but arguably neither receives sufficient emphasis in Halmi's text.

The first issue is that of diagnosis and its implications. Of course, this is mentioned in the text, but often the terms eating disorder and anorexia nervosa seem to be used almost interchangeably. Most of the statements about what is required sit well with a discussion of anorexia nervosa, but less so with other types of eating disorders. Thus, the emphasis on multi-disciplinary teams, including psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, physicians and so on, is appropriate for the management of the most seriously ill and risky patients. These challenging cases will be in the main people with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, but even within that diagnostic category they will be a minority. Most eating disorders can be assessed and treated adequately by an appropriately trained clinician working within an outpatient service or in office practice. This majority – my guess is that it would be of the order of 90% or more of presenting cases – includes many people with anorexia nervosa and the great majority of those with bulimia nervosa and the various forms of eating disorders not otherwise specified, including binge eating disorder. Such a clinician would need to be aware of physical risk and should know how to seek relevant expertise when complication or uncertainty arises. But the requirement of a full multi-disciplinary team confronting all patients is neither necessary nor practical.

There are ways in which the current diagnostic classification of the eating disorders is unsatisfactory and in many respects the "transdiagnostic" view has merit 3. However, no one denies the practical relevance of very low weight and the associated complications. A comprehensive service needs to include a centre or team that can cope with the most difficult and risky cases. Inpatient treatment should be among the available interventions. However, this small part of clinical services for eating disorders need not predominate and arguably has been overemphasized in the past. What is often missing is the availability of suitably supported, competent and confident therapists/case managers who are able take on the majority of people with eating disorders.

The other issue that is not emphasized in Halmi's text is that of service organization. How are the various elements of a comprehensive service to relate to each other? To a degree this will vary with the economic and political framework within which services are delivered. This can be a touchy subject and clinical guidelines often avoid it 4,5. Taxation funded state provision, such as the National Health Service in the UK, tends to have problems, but so do insurance based systems. Furthermore, there is some convergence with the growth of massive comprehensive health systems in the latter and attempts to inject ideas of a "market" and "choice" in the former. Third parties of whatever kind are increasingly influential. There is a need for clinicians to consider how much provision of what kind is reasonable for a population. We need to address such issues and come up with clinically relevant answers if we are not to be buffeted or unduly constrained by those with a more distant and mainly financial perspective. Of course, for the patient what matters is the ready availability of good quality services which are coherent and manage transitions for instance between child and adult or between outpatient and inpatient provision with a minimum of fuss and disruption. Patient and carer organizations should be important allies in these matters.

The exercise of defining the components of a comprehensive service for people with eating disorders is important and K. Halmi and indeed World Psychiatry are to be congratulated on confronting this issue. The question is complicated but enriched by adding the issue of how these components may best be put together in practice. Undoubtedly there are more ways than one.


Two-step triangular phase-shifting has recently been developed for 3-D surface-shape measurement. Compared with previous phase-shifting methods, the method involves less processing and fewer images to reconstruct the 3-D object. This paper presents novel extensions of the two-step triangular phase-shifting method to multiple-step algorithms to increase measurement accuracy. The phase-shifting algorithms used to generate the intensity ratio, which is essential for determination of the 3-D coordinates of the measured object, are developed for different multiple-step approaches. The measurement accuracy is determined for different numbers of additional steps and values of pitch. Compared with the traditional sinusoidal phase-shifting-based method with same number of phase shifting steps, the processing is expected to be reduced with similar resolution. More phase steps generate higher accuracy in the 3-D shape reconstruction; however, the digital fringe projection generates phase shifting error if the pitch of the pattern cannot be evenly divided by the number of phase steps. The pitch in the projected pattern must therefore be selected appropriately according to the number of phase-shifting steps used.


The present study aims to evaluate the effect of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on soil micro-organisms. The impact of these insecticides on soil microbial respiration was studied in the laboratory through replicated trials using cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos at 0,5,10,15,20,50, and100 ppm levels of fortification against the heterotrophic activities of soil micro-organisms which were measured in terms of the Carbon dioxide (CO2) evolved in the incubation chamber. The CO2that evolved was determined after an incubation period spanning 5, 20, 35, and50 days. The Carbon dioxide evolved from the soil was related with the microbial population and their activities. The results indicated the trend of a gradual increase in CO2 that evolved (0.73 to 0.96 mg/g) against the fortification range of 5 to100 ppm with cypermethrin after50 days of incubation as compared to control. Though there was a gradual decrease in CO2 that evolved (1.73 to 1.53 mg/g) with chlorpyrifos after 50 days of incubation as compared to the control, but there was no adverse effect on the soil's micro-flora after treatment with chlorpyrifos. Thus, the effect of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on soil micro-flora in terms of CO2evolution revealed no adverse effect on soil microbial activity.


life satisfaction distributions of the participants were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated to test the reliability of the instrument. The differences in psychosocial health status and life satisfaction according to gender were tested with t-test and Chi-square test. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effect of psychosocial health status on life satisfaction. Results: The multiple regression analysis revealed that depression, ego resilience, and self-esteem were associated with the QoL in both male and female participants. Economic status, subjective health, peer attachment, and smart phone addiction were associated with the QoL in male participants, while exercise time during physical education classes, social withdrawal, and school adaptation were associated with the QoL in female participants. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a health promotion program should be developed, which reflects gender differences, to improve the QoL of adolescents with chronic illness.


To the Editor: The article by Burgett et al.1 describes a high incidence of lumboperitoneal shunting (LPS) failure, especially in their obese patients. Of their eight patients who required more than three revisions, all were obese: of these, three required four revisions, one six, two required 10, one required 29, and one required 38 revisions. Twelve of their 23 obese patients, or 50%, required three or more shunt revisions.

We have hypothesized that …


We have proposed that conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules using thin film solar cells is significantly improved by optimizing the arrangement of each cell in the modules. When the cells are inclined with respect to the light-incident plane of the module, the module efficiency of the modules was relatively higher by 15–50% than the value for conventional arrangement. The module efficiency was further improved by grouping several inclined cells as a unit and optimally arranging the units, compared to uniform arrangements.


Ultrasound (US) is a valid imaging tool to detect signs of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Although the halo sign has always been considered the most useful finding for GCA diagnosis, modern high frequency transducers are able to precisely measure the intima-media thickness (IMT) of cranial and extracranial arteries. However, data on optimal cut-off values for IMT to differentiate patients and controls in clinical practice are limited.To determine the optimal cut-off value for IMT of cranial and extracranial arteries in patients with suspected GCA.This is a retrospective observational study of patients referred to our US fast-track clinic with suspected GCA. All patients underwent bilateral US examination of the cranial and extracranial (carotid, subclavian and axillary) arteries within 24 hours per protocol. The exam was performed using an EsaoteMyLab8 with a 12-18 MHz frequency transducer for cranial arteries and an 8-14 frequency transducer for extracranial arteries. The IMT was measured in gray scale mode and the presence of a non-compressible halo sign was checked in all arteries. The gold standard for GCA diagnosis was clinical confirmation by the referring rheumatologist after 6 months follow-up. Mean IMT values of each artery were compared between patients with and without GCA by independent samples T-test. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed and the Youden index was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for IMT of each artery.Of the 157 patients with suspected GCA (67.5% female, mean age 73.7 years) referred to the fast-track clinic, 47 (29.9%) had GCA clinical confirmation after 6 months. 41 (87.2%) patients with GCA had positive US findings (61.7% had cranial involvement, 44.7% extracranial involvement and 19.1% a mixed pattern of cranial and extracranial arteries). The following IMT cut-off values showed the highest diagnostic accuracy: 0.44mm for the common superficial temporal artery; 0.34 mm for the frontal branch; 0.36 mm for the parietal branch; 1.1 mm for the carotid artery: 1 mm for the subclavian and axillary arteries. The area under the ROC curve of the IMT for a clinical diagnosis of GCA was 0.984 (95% CI 0.959 - 1) for common superficial temporal artery, 0.989 (95% CI 0.976 -1) for frontal branch, 0.991 (95% CI 0.980 - 1) for parietal branch, 0.977 (95% CI 0.961 – 0.993) for carotid, 0.99 (95% CI 0.979 - 1) for subclavian and 0.996 (95% CI 0.991 -1) for axillary arteries (Table 1).Table 1.Optimal IMT cut-off values for cranial and extracranial arteriesArterySidePatients without GCAPatients with GCACut-off (mm)AUC (CI 95%)Sensitivity (%)Specificity (%)Common superficialtemporal artery mm, mean (SD)Right0.33 (0.06)0.68 (0.28)0.430.997 (0.988 -1)10097.1Left0.35 (0.11)0.57 (0.21)0.450.966 (0.905 -1)10092.3Both0.34 (0.08)0.63 (0.25)0.440.984 (0.959 -1)94.795.1Frontal branch mm, mean (SD)Right0.26 (0.05)0.4 (0.18)0.340.994 (0.983 -1)10097.1Left0.27 (0.05)0.4 (0.18)0.340.985 (0.962 -1)10096.1Both0.26 (0.05)0.4 (0.18)0.340.989 (0.976 -1)10096.6Parietal branch mm, mean (SD)Right0.27 (0.05)0.43 (0.18)0.360.994 (0.981 -1)10098.9Left0.27 (0.05)0.41 (0.16)0.360.987 (0.967 -1)10097.6Both0.27 (0.05)0.42 (0.17)0.360.991 (0.980 -1)10098.3Carotid mm, mean (SD)Right0.8 (0.17)0.88 (0.29)10.974 (0.949 – 0.999)10092.6Left0.82 (0.15)1 (0.42)1.20.982 (0.961 - 1)90.996.2Both0.81 (0.16)0.96 (0.36)1.10.977 (0.961 – 0.993)9094Subclavian mm, mean (SD)Right0.74 (0.18)0.99 (0.44)10.987 (0.97 - 1)10093.4Left0.67 (0.17)0.9 (0.35)1.10.991 (0.975 - 1)10098.3Both0.7 (0.18)0.94 (0.4)10.99 (0.979 - 1)10096Axillary mm, mean (SD)Right0.69 (0.16)0.99 (0.5)10.992 (0.982 - 1)10096Left0.67 (0.17)0.99(0.49)10.998 (0.995 -1)10098.3Both0.68 (0.17)0.99 (0.49)10.996 (0.991 -1)10097.1Different IMT cut-off values for each artery are necessary to establish a correct US diagnosis of GCA. These proposed IMT cut-off values may help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of US in clinical practice.None declared


The article analyzes the main trends of the evolution of Jewish religious and secular musical art, the so-called pale of settlement, the end of the XIX th beginning of the XX th centuries. The author identifies cause-and-effect relationship between historical-cultural events and the development of musical culture of the Jewish communities in the Russian Empire. The process of formation and development of the unique cultural phenomenon as Klezmer art is discovered. The author analyzes the work of outstanding Klezmers and explores the character of their impact on the subsequent development of Jewish musical art. Main categories and concepts inherent in Jewish musical-creative activities by Klezmers and Hassidim are given. The basic principles of the Hassidic musical traditions are discussed. The analysis of the influence of multi-ethnic environment in forming the musical art of a new type, which became the musical creative work by Klezmers and Hassidim in the midst of Jewish communities are reviewed. The author identifies the main ethno-cultural characteristics of musical art of Jewish communities in the Pale of Settlement.


Political leaders face both internal and external threats to their tenure as leaders. To retain office leaders need mass support, for instance to win elections. However, they also need to deal with potential internal party rivals. Using a game theoretic model, we examine how the incentives created by these competing pressures affect the retention of ministers across different political systems. Since non‐democratic leaders face relatively little threat from the masses, their concern is to reduce internal party risk. Therefore, they remove high performing ministers and retain mediocre and poor performers. As it becomes easier for the masses to replace the party in power, leaders must tradeoff internal and external threats. Retaining competent leaders improves party performance but generates an internal party rival.


Ionization and Charge Separation in Irradiated Materials Radiation Tract Structure Theory The Tract Reactions of Radiation Chemistry Single-Pair Diffusion Model of Radiolysis of Hydrocarbon Liquids Stochastic Model of Charge Scavenging in Liquids Under Irradiation by Electrons of Photons Models of Cellular Radiation Action Mechanisms and Kinetics of Radiation Effects in Metals and Alloys Stochastic Theory of Electron-Hole Transport and Recombination in Amorphous Materials Charge Transport in Monolayer Organizates Stochastic and Diffusion Models of Reactions in Micelles and Vesicles Polymerization and Aggregation During Gelation Dynamics of Entanhled Polymer Melts Chemcial Waves.


Abstract The effects of the addition of small amounts (up to 3% by weight) of a low molecular weight plasticizer—tricresyl phosphate—on the piezoelectric, dielectric and dynamic mechanical response of initially unoriented poly(vinylidene fluoride) films was determined. For one set of films, the plasticizer was added after poling. Another set of films was plasticized before poling. As expected, the dynamic mechanical modulus of the films decreased while the dielectric constant of the films increased with increasing plasticizer content. The piezoelectric strain coefficient, d 31, increased for both sets of films, while the piezoelectric stress coefficient, e 31, decreased for the poled then plasticized films and increased for the plasticized then poled films.


With mortality rates from sepsis still high, and with cases occurring in a variety of nursing settings, early recognition, risk factor control, and proper treatment are paramount.


In recent years far greater importance has been attached to the separation of the coli and aerogenes divisions of the colon groups than heretofore. Rogers (1) (2) (3) and his associates showed many years ago, by a study of the gas ratios and final hydrogen ion concentration of many colon cultures, that the natural habitat of B. coli is the intestinal tract of man and animals. On the other hand, B. aerogenes is rarely found in human and animal excreta, but is predominantly a soil or grain type of organism. Therefore, these two groups of bacteria are no longer believed to have the same sanitary significance in passing on the potability of a water supply. Unfortunately under many conditions a clear-cut differentiation of these two divisions with the identification of the organisms is a difficult and long procedure. In order that this may be more easily achieved, certain disturbing factors must be eliminated or removed as far as possible, such as (a) aerobic and anaerobic spore formers capable of producing acid and gas in lactose broth and (b) bacterial symbiosis or synergism. Michaelis and Marcora (4) and later, Clark (5) showed that the final pH for cultures of B. coli are a physiological constant. This work was, also, extended to include B. aerogenes. By means of a simple medium conditions were established whereby the metabolism of one group was made to diverge very far from that of the other, resulting in a distinct difference in the final hydrogen ion concentration produced by these two main divisions of the colon group. This test is known as the methyl red reaction (6) (7). Other well known methods which have been used for the separation of the two divisions of the colon group are the Voges-Proskauer (V.-P.) (8), uric acid (9) and citrate tests (10) (11).


Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology underpin a rapidly expanding industry and smart contracts are a key area of this blockchain innovation. A smart contract is an agreement in digital form that is selfexecuting and thus self-enforcing. Max Raskin puts it succinctly when he says * Ph.D Candidate and research fellow at the Peter A. Allard School of Law, the University of British Columbia. I would like to thank Professor Bruce MacDougall, Professor Gregory Hagen, and Professor Janis Sarra, for this piece would not have been possible without their guidance, advice and support. I am also deeply grateful to my wife, Chen Chen – for her unwavering support and encouragement to persevere in completing this article, while tolerating my sometimes-single-minded focus on it. Many thanks to the editors of the Asper Review of International Business and Trade Law, especially Meghan Payment and Danelle Rougeau-Suchy, who were understanding and patient in getting this paper published with my submitting it the day Chen Chen and I welcomed Anna-Marie, our first child, into the world. 1 For a great explanation of how Bitcoin and Blockchain work see Brianna Bogucki, "Buying Votes in the 21st Century: The Potential Use of Bitcoins and Blockchain Technology in Electronic Voting Reform" (2017) 17 Asper Rev Int Bus Trade Law 59 at 62. 2 Alexander Savelyev, "Contract law 2.0: 'Smart' Contracts as the Beginning of the End of Classic Contract Law" (2017) 26:2 Inf Commun Technol Law 116, online: <https://doi.org/10.1080/13600834.2017.1301036> [perma.cc/2VSK-XVLK]; ISDA Linklaters, "Whitepaper: Smart Contracts and Distributed Ledger-A Legal Perspective" (2017) online (pdf) : ;< https://www.isda.org/a/6EKDE/smart-contracts-and-distributedledger-a-legal-perspective.pdf> [https://perma.cc/L2TF-YMAE] K Werbach & N Cornell, "Contracts ex machina" (2017) 67:2 Duke Law J 313, online: <https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.085034790368&partnerID=40&md5=e696f8d48267cfbd95df24d0003a23ab>; Alex B Levi, Stuart D;Lipton, "An Introduction to Smart Contracts and Their Potential and Inherent Limitations", (2018), online: Harvard Law Sch Forum Corp Gov Financ Regul 156 ASPER REVIEW [VOL. XIX "a smart contract is an agreement whose execution is automated" and that "alternative and broader definitions of smart contracts exist and these may be better for computer science purposes, but for legal purposes, what is relevant is the excision of human control." A major difference between a traditional contract and a so-called smart contract, is that contracts create enforceable obligations, whereas smart contract automatically enforce obligations. Compare signing a contract to purchase an item versus purchasing an item from a vending machine. Like the smart contract, the vending machine will automatically complete the transaction by dispensing the item, whereas a paper contract for the sale of an item does not actually force the sale, and thus can be reneged by breaching the contract. Smart contracts have the potential to transform supply chain management, contracting, payment and banking services, and perform real estate transactions. It is noted that smart contract technology is still in its nascent stage and that there are few examples of practicable use cases. For the purposes of this paper, we will assume that they will function as purported in the literature. The focus of this paper is not on showing which smart contracts create legally enforceable contracts. They are self-enforcing meaning the court will not need to enforce them by ordering damages or specific performance. The greater need will be for the courts to determine whether the smart contract is unenforceable, meaning void or voidable. In this case, the courts will have to undo the transaction after it has been executed using the tools of rescission and restitution, perhaps via money substitutes. The Canadian law of rescission can be liberally applied in order to combat the mischief of legally <https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2018/05/26/an-introduction-to-smart-contracts-andtheir-potential-and-inherent-limitations/> [perma.cc/9NUR-6F7E]. 3 Max Raskin, "The Law and Legality of Smart Contracts" (2017) 305:1 Georg Law Technol Rev, online: <https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2959166> [perma.cc/N242-6LES] at 309. 4 Jason J Brooks, "Decoding the Legal Grey Zones Around Cryptocurrencies", (1 February 2019) online: < http://www.mondaq.com/canada/x/776908/fin+tech/Decoding+The+Legal+Grey+Zon es+Around+Cryptocurrencies> [perma.cc/D72N-JRNN]. 5 There is a broad consensus that smart contracts can create enforceable contracts. See Aaron De Filippi, Primavera; Wright, Blockchain and the Law (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2018); Don Tapscott & Alex Tapscott, Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind BITCOIN and Other CRYPTOCURRENCIES is Changing the World (Toronto: Penguin, 2018). 2019] UNRAVELLING SMART CONTRACTS 157 unenforceable smart contracts which nonetheless auto-enforce or execute. While legislation can be used to prevent unenforceable smart contracts from being entered into or smart contract and blockchain architecture can be designed to prevent unenforceable smart contracts from being executed; currently however, unenforceable smart contracts can be entered into and it will fall to courts to undo them. Part 1 gives a brief introduction to smart contracts and blockchain, Part 2 identifies the types of smart contracts that would be considered unenforceable at law, and Part 3 examines the legal tools Canadian courts have for undoing unenforceable smart contracts.


The developmental mechanism of aortic aneurysms has not yet been clarified. The goal of treatment is to prevent aneurysmal expansion and rupture. Most current theories on the mechanisms responsible for the formation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) hold that degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the arterial wall, especially elastin, results in aneurysmal dilatation [1-3]. Thomas et al. [4] reported that deletion of p47phox attenuates angiotensin II-induced aneurysmal formation in an apolipoprotein E-deficient mice model, suggesting that NADPH oxidase plays a critical role in AAA formation. Histologically, there is significant disruption of medial elastin or complete disorganization of the few remaining medial elastin elements after chronic inflammation within the outer aortic wall [5-7]. The pathophysiology of an aortic aneurysm includes aortic atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation within the outer aortic wall, and an imbalance between the production and degradation of structural ECM proteins (White et al., 1993) [8-11]. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is observed in aneurysm tissue. When inflammation occurs in the normal aorta, NF-κB activates transcription of various kinds of genes. This phenomenon transactivates the gene transcription of MMP-9, following which MMP-9 activity leads to the degradation of ECMs and aneurysm formation [12-13]. MMPs, Kurume Medical Journal, 57, 1-8, 2010


The effect of shear deformation on the overall stability of ring-stiffed cylindrical shell is considered.Four generalized displacements for the ring corresponding to that for the shell are introduced,and Timoshenko beam theory is used to analyze deformation of the ring.The overall stability of ring-stiffed circular shell is investigated by using Ritz method.The present numeric results of critical loads are well close to that of experiments in reference.For ring-stiffed shell subjected to uniform external pressure,the numeric results also show that the effect of shear of ring on the overall critical loads in the lower wave numbers of loop buckling is tiny,however the effect is obvious in the higher that.


Objective
To observe the effect of biologics intravenous infusion center on patient satisfaction.

Methods
A total of 120 patients with rheumatism diagnosed and treated with biologics at Renji Hospital South Campus and West Campus from August 2016 to November 2016 were enrolled. Patients in South Campus were offered an optimized clinical practice in the biologics intravenous infusion center as an intervention group, while patients in West Campus received an ordinary clinical practice in the department of rheumatism as the control. Patient satisfaction of appointment, treatment process,specialist physician, clinical nurse specialist, and overall sense was compared.

Results
Patient satisfaction score of appointment in the intervention group was 4.397±0.112, and 3.451±0.080 in the control, a statistically significant difference (t=5.762, P<0.01). Patient satisfaction score of treatment process in the intervention group was 4.105±0.138, and 2.612±0.109 in the control, a statistically significant difference (t=8.202, P<0.01). Patient satisfaction score of specialist physician in the intervention group was 4.495±0.091, and 3.371±0.061 in the control, a statistically significant difference (t=9.745, P<0.01). Patient satisfaction score of clinical nurse specialist in the intervention group was 4.589±0.101, and 3.147±0.064 in the control, a statistically significant difference (t=9.739, P<0.01). Patient satisfaction score of overall sense in the intervention group was 4.238±0.121, and 3.147±0.086 in the control, a statistically significant difference (t=10.514, P<0.01).

Conclusions
Biologics intravenous infusion center can significantly improve patient satisfaction, helps to promote the management of patients and working efficiency, ensures the safety of biologics use, makes more efficient utilization of medical care resources.

Key words:
Biologics intravenous infusion center; Appointment; Clinical practice pattern; Assessment; Patient satisfaction


Research studies show deficits regarding knowledge about the use of standard precautions and transmission of HIV and problematic attitudes towards persons who are HIV +. Ecuador is a middle income country with health issues related to poverty, and low education levels. The prevalence of HIV cases in Ecuador has been increasingly steadily for the past 25 years. There is a paucity of research conducted in Ecuador related to knowledge and the use of standard precautions by health workers. It has been found that knowledge regarding HIV transmission may be lacking and can be due to inadequate resources health professionals use to stay current with this topic. HIV related stigma is prevalent in medical settings worldwide. To examine knowledge and health beliefs about HIV and the use of standard precautions. This research will assist health professionals to examine content needed related to HIV education and assess if health professionals are developing the knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to care for HIV+ patients.


In this paper,it is shown that in a real smooth and uniformly convex Banach space,a strong convergence theorem of modified Mann iterations for nonexpansive mappings is proved by using generalized metric projections.The purpose of this paper is to modify the iterative scheme of Nakajo and Takahashi by using generalized metric projections,and to extend the corresponding main result of Nakajo and Takahashi from Hilbert spaces to real smooth and uniformly convex Banach spaces.


The total time of optimal load dispatch and the concrete calculation equation were proposed in order to meet the real-time demand of optimal load dispatch in power plant for power network dispatching.The multi-objective mathematical model of coal consumption,pollutant emission and load adjustment time objective was improved.The coal consumption of the entire plant and the pollutant emission were unified as an economic cost objective.The load adjustment time objective was treated as constraints of variable load range for units.By introducing the natural selection mechanism of genetic algorithm,natural selection particle swarm optimization(NSPSO) was given out,besides,the processing method of inertia weight and constraint condition in the algorithm was improved.The example calculation results show that the method can effectively shorten the optimal calculation time in comparison with the multi-objective optimization method.It can fulfill the mandatory demand of total time of optimal load dispatch for power network dispatching.Meanwhile,it can more satisfy the request of reducing economic costs for power plant.


Background: Lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac joints are critical to the diagnosis of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. However, inflammatory and structural lesions may be encountered in other conditions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the frequency and localization of inflammatory and structural lesions on MRIs of the sacroiliac joint of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and non-spondyloarthritis (non-SpA) patients. Design: This is a retrospective study including 200 patients, each having undergone an MRI of the sacroiliac joints. Methods: Two experienced readers evaluated the whole set of images to detect erosions, subchondral sclerosis, fatty lesions, bone marrow edema (BME) and ankylosis according to the definitions established by the ASAS MRI working group. We divided sacroiliac joints into five segments: upper, antero-middle, intermediate-middle, postero-middle and lower. Results: A total of 96 subjects with SpA (mean age 37.4 ± 11.8 years) and 104 without SpA (mean age 39.9 ± 11.6 years) were included. Of the 96 SpA patients, 65% had inflammatory buttock pain compared with 25% in the non-SpA group. BME was seen in 65% of SpA patients, mainly in the intermediate-middle segment, and in 20% of non-SpA patients, predominantly in the antero-middle segment. Subchondral sclerosis occurred in 44% of non-SpA patients, mostly in the antero-middle segment, and in 36% of SpA patients. Fatty lesions were present in 34% of SpA and in 21% of non-SpA patients. Erosions were seen in 25% of non-SpA and in 60% of SpA patients. BME and structural lesions were minimally observed in the postero-middle segment in non-SpA patients. Conclusion: Inflammatory and structural lesions were observed in all segments of the joint in SpA, mainly in the middle segments, while lesions predominantly affected the antero-middle segment in non-SpA, and were uncommon in the postero-middle segment.


Debilitating pain from amputation stump neuromas is a difficult surgical prob- lem. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) is a recent surgical technique involving residual peripheral nerve stumps being coapted to a proximal target muscle motor point to improve myoelectric bioprostheses control. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of TMR of gastrocnemius at amputation to manage a symptomatic tibial nerve injury.


The moral responsibilities of physicians caring for elderly patients of diminished or marginal competence are analyzed. In the context of two case studies, it is argued that these responsibilities are not grounded simply in the patient's best interests as the physician understands them. Instead, they should be grounded in the patient's past autonomy, that is, the values and beliefs that the patient held prior to the loss of competence. Family members have a key role to play in assisting the physician to construct this "value history." An important role for the patient's primary care physician is also identified, namely, developing the patient's value history in advance with the patient while he or she is competent, and recording that history in the patient's chart.


The above-ground parts of plants are normally colonized by a variety of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. While a few microbial species can be isolated from within plant tissues, many more are recovered from the surfaces of healthy plants. The aerial habitat colonized by these microbes is termed the


We provide morphological descriptions of the tadpoles of ten species of Malagasy treefrogs of the genus Boophis (family Mantellidae). Based on individuals determined by DNA barcoding, the larvae of eight species are described for the first time: B. anjanaharibeensis, B. axelmeyeri, B. elenae, B. englaenderi, B. luciae, B. rhodoscelis, B. roseipalmatus, and B. vittatus. For two additional species, B. andreonei and B. microtympanum, we provide descriptions from other localities than the previously known larvae. All tadpoles described herein are stream-adapted, exotrophic, and of a relatively generalized morphology. In general, we found a morphological similarity of larvae belonging to phenetic species groups of Boophis, but more detailed analyses showed several differences between taxa that are known to be sister species or closely related to each other: B. luciae has a much higher number of oral papillae than B. sibilans, B. roseipalmatus has a slightly lower number of papillae and possibly a stronger caudal musculature than B. madagascariensis, and B. elenae has a distinctly lower number of oral papillae and keratodonts in the first upper keratodont row than B. sandrae. This indicates that tadpole characters might, in some cases, provide good taxonomic characters in Boophis, a genus in which adults of closely related species are often morphologically extremely similar.


Forward Search (FS, for short) is a recent and promising technique for exploring multivariate observations (Atkinson et al., 2004; Riani et al.; 2009). Let X1, . . ., Xn be n ı.i.d. k-variate normal random variables (r.v.'s), with mean vector μ and covariance matrix Σ. Let further 0 < α ≤ 1, and m = [n α]. If X (m) is a subset of m observations from {X1, . . . , Xn}, denote by μ̂(X ), Σ̂(X ) the sample mean vector and (rescaled) covariance matrix computed on the basis of observations Xis in X . Finally, let di,n(X ) = (X i − μ̂(X )) Σ̂(X )(X i − μ̂(X )), i = 1, . . . , n (1)


Software and applications, tools and techniques are used in every field. In the digital era software and applications are used for making our life comfortable and fast. Software is used in many fields like the banking sector, communication, medical field, defense security and research. The software which is free from faults and has good security means it can be used efficiently. Advanced testing approaches for software testing are used for better quality products. This paper presents Metaheuristic Approaches that are used to solve Software Testing Problems. Metaheuristics are optimization approaches that provide a near-optimal solution in polynomial time. Test Cases play a very important role while software testing. Metaheuristics are applied to solve different Software Testing problems such as Test Case Minimization, Test Case Selection, Test Case Prioritization, etc. Best techniques used to solve problems not only save time and effort but also improve software quality. This paper presents different metaheuristics that we can use to solve software testing problems, Software Testing Processes and Metaheuristics Techniques in detail.


In this study, the photostimulated luminescence of the CsBr:Eu2+ needle image plates (NIPS) after vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation and their photoluminescence under VUV and UV excitation were investigated. It was shown that the photostimulable storage centers arise almost exclusively due to irradiation of the CsBr:Eu NIPs in the spectral lines of creation of the 4p55s anion excitons, and not in the region of interband transitions of CsBr. The explanation of the results is based mainly on the radiative and nonradiative decay of the self-localized e+Br2− excitons.


In the content networking fiber optic signal system, optical signal processing in order not to be effected by sound, and change the warning, is proposed based on content networking of optical fiber sensing technology research, by analyzing on the content networking application, content networking of wireless sensor network technology and filtering LMS adaptive algorithm , we can find the problems about the things networking of optical fiber system of adaptive signal processing , and finally show that the physical networking sensor optical fiber technology through contacting ourselves with outside surrounding to improve their performance in signal processing, adjusting their parameters, which can realize the strain along the space distribution and time varying and continuous measurement, and it is senior to the transducer incomparable


Entrainment process of surrounding fluid for a diesel spray is investigated based on the momentum theory and 1-D simple spray model developed by Musculus et. al. Entrained fluid distribution along the spray axis is theoretically estimated. The results show that the absolute value of entrainment velocity depends on axis location and is inversely proportional to the distance from the nozzle. Therefore, the large amount of entrained fluid comes from the upstream region near field of nozzle. 1-D simple spray model is performed for the same target and the effect of the injection rate on entraining process is clarified.


Background: This study was designed to examining the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients with malignant hypertension. Methods: We have attempted to compare patients presenting with MHT to normotensive controls and patients with untreated essential hypertension. Results: Anticipated differences in blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration was greater in the MHT group than in either of the other two groups. Total LDL-cholesterol concentrations similar in all three groups (table 2). The most notable finding, however, was of markedly lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations in the MHT group (p<0.01). The total: HDL-cholesterol ratio was therefore significantly higher in the MHT group than either of the other two groups. Serum triglycerides were greater in the MHT group than in the NC group (p=0.03). These analyses show that whilst the differences in HDL-cholesterol concentration between the MHT group and the other two groups remained, there were no differences in serum triglycerides or measures. Results for total and LDLcholesterol concentration remained unchanged. Conclusion: MHT may be associated with an abnormal lipid profile especially total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentration characterized by low-HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Higher levels of these lipids may be contributed due to physical inactivity, stress, increased age, alcohol consumption and high consumption of dietary fat etc.


This work aims to develop a measure of how much credit risk is priced into equity options. Such a measure appears particularly appealing when applied to a portfolio of equity options, as it allows for the factoring in of firm-specific default dynamics, thus producing a comparable statistic across different equities. As a matter of fact, comparing options written on different equities based on their moneyness does offer much guidance in understanding which option offers a better hedging against default. Our newly-introduced measure aims to fulfil this gap: it allows us to rank options written on different names based on the amount of default risk they carry, incorporating firm-specific characteristics such as leverage and asset risk. After having computed this measure using data from the US market, several empirical tests confirm the economic intuition of puts being more sensitive to changes in the default risk as well as a good integration of the CDS and option markets. We further document cross-sectional sectorial differences based on the industry the companies operate in. Moreover, we show that this newly-introduced measure displays forecasting power in explaining future changes in the skew of long-term maturity options.


To realize smooth transition from feed rate to acceleration which could reduce mechanical shock to the machine tools,and to guarantee the machining accuracy,an adaptive Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline(NURBS) curve interpolation algorithm based on S-shape acceleration/deceleration with look-ahead function was proposed.According to demand of chord error,the feed rate and location parameters for each interpolation point were defined,and the changed point and constant region of speed were found.To avoid the interaction of acceleration/deceleration process between consecutive speed changed points,the changed points of each speed were analyzed based on permitted algorithm such as maximum acceleration,jerk and S-shape acceleration/deceleration,thus the key point which decided the process of acceleration/deceleration was selected.On this basis,the key point was controlled with S-shape acceleration/deceleration,and the smooth transition from feed rate to acceleration was realized.Thus the machine tools' demand was satisfied.The simulation result showed that the proposed algorithm could satisfied the requirement of high speed and high precision,and its feasibility was also verified.


This paper analyses the role of autocratic governors in public procurement performance on the sub-national level. In particular, we estimate the impact of autocratic governors' tenure and their local ties on competition over public procurement and contract execution. To this purpose, we use the data on public contracts on road construction and repair in Russian regions from 2011-2014 and match it with the biographical information of governors, who administrate the auctions. We find the evidence that governors who are appointed by the president and do not have pre-governing local ties in the region (governors-outsiders) demonstrate predatory behaviour, compared with governors with local ties (governors-insiders). In particular, governors-outsiders restrict the competition at public procurement auctions significantly more than governors-insiders. Moreover, this restriction becomes worse with tenure in office by governors-outsiders, while governors-insiders do not exert this tenure effect. We argue that this restriction of competition cannot be explained by the intention of better contracts execution. Namely, the delays in execution and the probability of contract termination both increase with tenure for governors-outsiders and are quite stable for governors-insiders


Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to immerse into computer-simulated environment. Its flexibility and interactivity has brought a huge contribution into the education field such as allowing students to experience the settings of various professions in order to learn about careers (Pilgrim and Pilgrim, 2016) and also provide visual field trips by only using a smartphone. This paper has been conducted to research the trend of VR in education field and the benefits for tertiary students that by integrating the VR into their education. Moreover, the acceptance levels towards the implementation of VR in tertiary education and the challenges have also been studied. A data collection has been done through online questionnaire (i.e. Google form) to gather opinions from different universities. In conclusion, VR is not a trend in tertiary education but there is a high acceptance among tertiary students to implement it. Keywords: Virtual Reality, Tertiary Education, Trend, Opportunities, Challenges


The silicon carbide semiconductor device comprising: a semiconductor substrate (1), which is made of single-crystal silicon carbide and a main surface (1a) and one of the main surface (1a) opposite the back surface (1b); a drift layer (2), which is made of silicon carbide of a first conductivity type on the principal surface (1a) of the semiconductor substrate (1) and having a doping concentration which is lower than a doping concentration of the semiconductor substrate (1); a base region (3a, 3b) having a second conductivity type, on a predetermined region of the drift layer (2) is arranged and has a predetermined thickness; a source region (4a, 4b) having the first conductivity type, on a predetermined surface portion of the base region (3a, 3b) and shallower than the depth of the base region (3a, 3b); a surface channel layer (5), which is made of silicon carbide of the first conductivity type on the surface portions of both the drift layer (2) and the base region (3a, 3b) and having a predetermined concentration and a predetermined thickness (for a connection between the source region 4a , 4b) and the drift layer (2); a gate insulating film (7) which is arranged on a surface of the surface channel layer (5), wherein the gate insulating film comprises a film (7a) having a high dielectric constant; a gate electrode (8) which is arranged on the gate insulating film (7); (4a, 4b) is arranged a source electrode (10) formed on the source region; and a back electrode (11) formed on the back surface (1b) of the semiconductor substrate (1) is arranged, wherein the major surface (1a) includes at least two surfaces, one of which is inclined from a (0001) Si surface by an angle in a range between 10 degrees and 20 degrees and the other is the (0001) Si surface.


Beside wood quality, biomass and ability to coppice of fast-growing woody species for renewable energy are two essential indicators. Appropriate spacing among individual plant is therefore required to get the best harvest. This study is observing biomass, branching and coppicing ability of Calliandra calothyrsus at different spacings. Initial experimental plots were using 5 blocks of 16 individuals at spacings of 0.5x1; 1x1; 0.5x2; 1x2 and 2x2m and assessed at 6 months old around reproductive stage. Due to no significant differences, two spacing plots of 2x1 and 1x1m are compared for biomass and wood dimension assessment from 14 individuals per block replicated into 4 blocks after 3 years. Coppicing ability was counted after 2 months of felling. The results indicated that diameter has positive correlation with number of initial branches as well as number of coppices. Specific gravity of wood is also increasing with diameter. Between the two types of spacing, the first wood production is better for 1x1m than 1x2m with 76.3 ton/ha (152 m3/ha) for 1x1m and 72 ton/ha (144 m3/ha) for 1x2m. This indicates a better production than the predicted MAI from the breeding. Specific gravity is recorded to be better at more spaciuos distance.


as the "biggest success in the last five years against Communism." "Project Success," as the operation concerned was named, involved overthrowing the elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, whose programme of social reforms threatened United States interests (and, therefore, was deemed in Washington to be communist), and intalling in his place a right-wing dictator, Carlos Castillo Armas, who reversed Arbenz's programme and initiated rule by repression and terror from which Guatemala is still suffering nearly three decades later. While expressing delight at the overthrow of Arbenz, President Eisenhower and his Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, mendaciously described it as the work of the Guatemalan people who, the latter declared, had "cured" their country of "an alien despotism which sought to use Guatemala for its own evil ends" (p. 179). In Immerman's view, Eisenhower and his advisers "ushered in a new era in inter-American relations, an era marked by a protracted struggle between the United States and an assumed international Communist conspiracy" (p. 19). Eisenhower, who was greatly interested in such matters, believed covert operations to be a crucial component of United States policy in this struggle; and clearly he was proud of the Guatemalan coup. Interestingly, it is his vice-president, Richard Nixon, who is associated with the kind of "dirty tricks" which characterized Eisenhower's campaign against Arbenz. Nixon's name, incidentally, occurs on only one page of Immerman's text. The success of the Guatemalan operation contributed to the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion almost seven years later, as Immerman — and others — have noted. No less significant are the links between "Operation Success" and more recent developments in Central America. For all their protestations of desiring to promote democracy in the region, the policies of successive United States administrations have favoured co-operative right-wing dictatorships. The excesses of some of these regimes are an embarrassment to Washington. Much more importantly, they are a deep tragedy for the luckless peoples who are the victims. Opponents of the dictators, too, have committed atrocities. As far as Guatemala is concerned, it is Richard Immerman's final judgement that "The CIA's 1954 coup made moderation impossible" (p. 201).


This study compares family upbringing in Slovak Roma during the 18th century with that of current times. It attempts to identify parallels between the Samuel Augusitni's 18th-century masterpiece: Gypsy in Hungary, and more recent data from a long-term study of Roma people in the eastern Slovakia–Poprad District. Open and axial coding inspired by the Strauss and Corbin Grounded Theory method is used to analyze the data. The primary results reveal that the common feature in all social classes of the settlement is a strong relationship between children and family. The poorest parents fail to provide adequate living conditions. Their children are brought up on the 'street' and come home only when hungry, thirsty, or want to sleep. Parents do not support further education of their children for several reasons: fear of an unknown environment, distrust of most educational institutions, or financial benefit of the family.


Major alkaloids of 51 samples were determined,and their sensory qualities were evaluated.The relationship between major alkaloid contents and smoking quality was studied.Results showed that total alkaloid content and nicotine content in sun-cured tobacco leaves in Hezhou were 3.19% and 2.94%,respectively.Nicotine content was the highest among all alkaloids,followed by anatabine,nornicotine and anabasine.Major and total alkaloid contents showed decreasing trend in lower stalk position leaves.Four major alkaloids showed significantly positive correlation with physiological strength,while significantly negative correlation with irritancy.


Abstract
The supply chain is a network system of several interconnected organizations with the same goal of distributing production goods and services to their customers. PT. Samudera Gemilang Plastindo (PT SGP) is a company engaged in the processing of plastic seeds, one of the products produced is HDPE T-Shirt Bag. The supply chain system studied at PT. SGP consists of a Manufacturing (Vendor) and 3 Sales Offices (SIM Jember, Depo Bali and 3S Bogor) because they often experience inaccuracies in forecasting data which causes the Bullwhip Effect phenomenon or information distortion to meet customer needs. Initially, forecasting was carried out at each level of the supply chain using different forecasting methods and inventory planning was carried out separately and not coordinated with each other. Therefore, we need an equation in choosing a forecasting method to synchronize the forecasting results and the implementation of production in each supply chain actor. This study uses the Collaborative Planning and Replenishment (CPFR) method, which is a method that combines production planning, forecasting and inventory control. The results of testing several forecasting methods, the method chosen is the Winter's Method because it has the smallest error value. Inventory control is done by calculating the optimal lot, namely Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). The results of demand forecasting and determining the optimal lot are used to calculate the value of the Bullwhip Effect that occurs after the use of the CPFR approach in the supply chain at the vendor level (PT SGP) has changed from 1.285 to 0.729, while in the three Sales Offices there has been a change from 1.321 to 0.528 in SIM Jember sales office, 1.266 to 0.602 at Bali Depo sales office, 1.377 to 0.412 at 3S Bogor sales office.


List of Tables Figures and Boxes Preface and Acknowledgements PART I Framework and Foundations 1 The State Feminism Project 2 Concepts and Mixed Methods 3 Mapping Women's Policy Agencies PART II Exploring State Feminism by Dorothy E. McBride and Amy G. Mazur 4 Women's Policy Agencies and Women's Movement Success 5 Women's Policy Agency Success and Failure: The Search for Explanations 6 What's Feminist about State Feminism? PART III Unpacking State Feminism 7 Social Movements and Women's Movements by Joyce Outshoorn 8 Political Representation by Joni Lovenduski and Marila Guadagnini 9 Framing and Gendering by Birgit Sauer 10 Gendering New Institutionalism by Amy Mazur and Dorothy McBride PART IV Conclusion 11 The New Politics of State Feminism References Appendix One: List of Case Studies Author Biographies