and fellow scholars (including John Caius). Hiro Hirai gives a close analysis of Thomas Fienus's arguments (1609) on a soul/mind/body problem dear to centuries of biblical commentators, philosophers, and medical thinkers: Why do strong emotions in a pregnant woman leave an imprint on her fetus? Or, more generally, how does the faculty of imagination act at a distance? Domenico Bertoloni Meli highlights the medical genre of illustrated observationes deployed by Dutch physicians, a century after Vesalius, to record anatomical curiosities and malformations (including a case of a newborn's spina bifida attributed to a maternal craving for turnips). In the festschrift's longest essay, a virtuoso study by Paula Findlen, the conjoined themes of "knowledge and community" (127) epitomize both Siraisi's career and that of the Renaissance naturalist Luca Ghini (ca. 1490–1556). Ghini published virtually nothing. But—through his inspired, hands-on botanical teaching at Bologna and Pisa; his generosity with his collections, drawings, and observations; his founding of the first university botanical garden; and, above all, his technique of preserving pressed plants in herbaria—he created Europe's first community of naturalists; and they insured his memory did not perish. This volume, too, offers a bonus. Nancy Siraisi's "A Life of Learning," reflecting on her own mentors and scholarly pathways, is reprinted here, although inexplicably absent from the table of contents (Charles Homer Haskins Prize Lecture, ACLS Occasional Paper No. 67, 2010; also online at http://www.acls.org/). The volume lacks an index, but it does include a valuable bibliography of Siraisi's publications. That list misses a number of items, among them (full disclosure) her generous 1993 review of a book of mine. If I had been smart enough to read everything Siraisi (and Nutton) had written up to then, that would have been a much better book!


This research was aimed to analyze the effects of glycemic index, composition, and frequency of serving of food on lipid profile of plasm after lunch. The study design was randomized controlled trial with high glycemic index food as control. The location of the research was in Medan, North Sumatra Province. Total subjects were 64 which consisted of 32 normal and 32 obese subjects, based on their body mass index. The number of male and female subjects were selected equally. Subject aged between 18 to 35 years. Test meals consisted of four types, i.e. high glycemic index food (GI:94), low glycemic index food (GI:52), medium glycemic index (high carbohydrate-low fat, GI:66), and medium glycemic index (low carbohydrate-high fat, GI:64) served at the morning. Reference food was white bread (GI:100). The study showed that there is no significant effect of low glycemic index food served at the morning on the lipid profile of plasm atfter lunch. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between lipid profile of plasm between normal and obese subjects in response to lunch meals which were preceded by the same morning meals. It is suggested to elaborate the study with the longer period of time of treatment.


Low power consumption has been established as the third main design target for digital systems together with performance and area. Consequently, accurate estimators of the power consumption at the system as well as the lower levels of abstraction are necessary. A large number of embedded computing applications are power or energy critical. Early work on processor analysis had focused on performance improvement without determining the power-performance tradeoffs. Recently, significant research in low power design and power estimation and analysis has been developed. In this project, the measurements taken for the development of instruction-level energy models for microprocessors are presented and analyzed. By combining energy coefficient values, the presented model became much simpler than most proposed models that can speed up the energy estimation process and


The successful exploitation of many hydrocarbon reservoirs may depend on proper characterization of fractured or composite porous media. However, due to anisotropy and heterogeneity, the characterization of such kind of reservoirs is a complicated task which needs proper attention and care. There are often strong correlations between the effective permeability and seismic anisotropy of fractured reservoirs. The exploitation of such correlations is extremely important in understanding of the spatial variation of anisotropic permeability. The purpose of this thesis work was to develop novel workflows and methodologies in order to exploit the correlations between effective permeability and seismic anisotropy of fractured reservoirs. The correlations between the effective mechanical and transport properties of fractured reservoirs within the context of a joint inversion of seismic and production data have been exploited to obtain improved hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. In this work, the effective mechanical and transport properties of fractured reservoirs and related systems are estimated using an efficient and consistent permeabilitystiffness model from the same parameters of microstructure. The estimated effective mechanical properties in combination with anisotropic Gassmann relations have been used to calculate the seismic amplitude versus angle and azimuth AVAZ) data i.e. reflection coefficients as a function of incidence angle and azimuth from the top of the reservoir. Similarly from the estimated effective hydraulic properties, the reservoir simulator can calculate the production data such as well bottom hole pressure, well oil production, well water cut, saturation and pressure for all grid blocks at specific time steps. The seismic AVAZ and/or production data is used in the Bayesian inversion scheme to estimate the parameters of factures (e.g. fracture density, fracture aperture and fracture orientation) required to predict permeability. This work shows that joint inversion of seismic and production data give the best results due to the less sensitivity of seismic AVAZ data to fracture aperture which is one of the most


An effort is currently underway at NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) to develop an accurate model for predicting nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system performance. The objective of the effort is to develop several levels of computer programs which vary in detail and complexity according to user's needs. The current focus is on the Level 1 steady‐state, parametric system model. This system model will combine a general fluid mechanics program, SAFSIM, with the ability to analyze turbines, pumps, nozzles, and reactor physics. SAFSIM (System Analysis Flow SIMulator) is a FORTRAN computer program that simulates integrated performance of systems involving fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and reactor dynamics. SAFSIM has the versatility to allow simulation of almost any system, including a nuclear reactor system. The focus of this paper is the validation of SAFSIM's capabilities as a base computational engine for a nuclear thermal propulsion system model. Validation is being accomplished by modeling of a ...


The purpose of this paper is to examine the process of building the idea of Latin America, that is, the emergence of the concept and its symbolism in the perspective of modernity. The chronology includes from the colonial period to the context of consolidation of the term Latin America in the late nineteenth century. It discusses the creation of the name - Latin America - and its prevalence compared to other terms used to define a continental identity, such as Hispanoamerica, Indoamerica, Ibero-America, among others, from the Uruguayan philosopher Arturo Ardao awnalytical perspective, while, however, collating it with work of other experts.


This study examines the use of zero anaphora in the English production of three speaker groups: native speakers, second language learners, and speakers of a non-native institutionalized variety. General discourse function for zero anaphora is found to be similar across speaker groups, although in many cases, ungrammatical by prescriptive standards. In addition, there are important quantitative and structural differences between the native speakers and non-native speakers in how this device is used. The results suggest that the relationship between performance data and second language acquisition needs to be reexamined. In particular, it cannot be assumed that spontaneous production of a given form isa direct indicator of acquisition and conversely, that non-production is necessarily proof of non-acquisition.


Language has a prominent place in our everyday life. Society without a language is unimaginable. Without the use of knowledge, social interaction, management and industry would be demolished. A language has to play vital role in human life. Man is a social animal. The language which we adopt from our mother is called the mother tongue. The successful teaching of curriculum depends on lectures of training colleges, teaching methods and text books. Now the admissions in P.T.C colleges are allotted on the basis of obtained score in H.S.C exam by students. But the general objective of H.S.C. examination is different so the abilities in Gujarati language should be examined before the admission in P.T.C collages. This research is aimed to measure the language abilities of trainees of Primary training colleges.


A "Statute" is considered to be the will of the Sovereign Legislature which helps the Government to function. The executive has the power to act and the Judiciary has the power to administer justice by applying the law laid down by the said legislature. There are many times when the courts called in for aid for interpreting the words, phrases, and expressions of a statute in question. In such a course of interpretation, "Rules of Interpretation of Law" comes into the aid of the Court. The word 'interpretation' has been derived from the Latin term interpretari which means to explain or understand a phrase, word, or sentence. Every statute has to be interpreted by the Court in its plain terms. The purpose of interpretation is to find out what the statute seeks for, what defects it aims to remove, and what is the remedy. The fundamental principle of the construction of statutes is that the words are needed to be read and understood in their true actual sense. The first rule that is applied by the judges is the Literal Rule. The literal rule can also be called as grammatical rule.


This study aims to determine the level of students' reading speed. The samples in this study were Class A and C students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Riau. The data analysis technique is a test technique. Quantitative data analysis techniques were used to analyze the results of the reading speed reading test in Arabic Malay. The data analysis procedure was to measure students' reading speed in reading Malay Arabic texts. Based on the research results, it was found that the reading speed of 2020 A students was 52.58 kpm and that of 2020 C students was 52.65 kpm. This shows that reading speed is still below the standard for student reading speed in the Malay Arabic reading form, which is 200 kpm. Thus, it can be concluded that students tend to read slowly to reduce reading errors, so that their reading speed is below standard.


The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) [Formula 1] Compounds according to the method for preparing them, intermediate compounds of the process and ARDS, emphysema, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, COPD, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in treating diseases such as asthma or rhinitis It relates to the use of the compounds. Compound is a beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist.


In 1989 BNL was added to the EPAs National Priorities List. The site is divided into seven operable units (OU). OU-I includes the former landfill area. The field task site is noted as the AOC 2C Glass Holes location. Beginning in the 1960s and continuing into the 1980s, BNL disposed of laboratory waste (glassware, chemicals and animal carcasses) in numerous shallow pits. The drivers for remediating the pits are; historical records that indicate hazardous materials may have been disposed of in the pits; ground water contamination down gradient of the pits; a test excavation of one of the glass holes that unearthed laboratory glass bottles with unidentified liquids still contained; and the fact that BNL rests atop an EPA designated sole-source aquifer. The specific site chosen for this demonstration was pit G-11. The requirements that lead to choosing this pit were; a well characterized pit and a relatively isolated pit where our construction operations would not impact on adjacent pits. The glass holes area, including pit G-11, was comprehensively surveyed using a suite of geophysical techniques (e.g., EM-31, EM-61, GPR). Prior to stabilizing the waste form a subsurface barrier was constructed to contain the entire waste pit. The pit contents were then stabilized using a cement grout applied via jet grouting. The stabilization was performed to make removal of the waste from the pit easier and safer in terms of worker exposure. The grouting process would mix and masticate the waste and grout and form a single monolithic waste form. This large monolith would then be subdivided into smaller 4 foot by 4 foot by 10-12 foot block using a demolition grout. The smaller blocks would then be easily removed from the site and disposed of in a CERCLA waste site.


The presented scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM), built on top of a modular platform, combines soft X-ray transmission and fluorescence microscopy with high detection efficiency and high spatial resolution. The setups user concept as well as the large solid angle (> 1 sr) of the integrated Silicon-drift-detector are unique characteristics of this endstation. In combination with the soft X-ray beamline P04 at PETRA III (DESY), it delivers a new type of nanoscope, providing a high flexibility and very low acquisition times.


This is the eighth annual bibliography of works pertaining to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, as well as to the peoples of those countries settled in Canada, published by Canadian scholars. The primary purpose of the bibliography is to provide an up-to-date research tool for persons working in the area. It is also hoped that it will make known the range of activities and areas of expertise of Canadian scholars. The bibliography notes more than 400 monographs, articles, review articles, identifiable sections of books, signed encyclopedia entries, and published occasional papers, as well as 12 doctoral dissertations accepted by Canadian universities. Reviews, newspaper articles, mimeographed papers, and belles-lettres have been excluded. For the purpose of this bibliography "Soviet and East European" refers to all Slavic areas and the remaining territory of the Soviet Union, Finland, the Baltic states, Hungary, Romania, Albania, and East Germany (after 1945), but not to Turkey, Austria, Greece, China, or international communism outside the bloc. Scholarly material pertaining to settlers from the included countries in Canada is also listed. The biblio-


This thesis is constituted of three research papers and is articulated around the construction of financial crisis indicators, which produce signals, which are then applied to devise successful systematic trading strategies. The first paper deals with the establishment of a framework for the construction of our financial crisis indicators. Their predictive power is then demonstrated by using one of them to build an active protective-put strategy, which is able to beat in terms of performance a passive strategy as well as, most of the time, multiple paths of a random strategy. The second paper goes further in the application of our financial crisis indicators to the elaboration of systematic treading strategies by using the aggregated signal produce by many of our indicators to govern a portfolio constituted of a mix of cash and ETF shares, replicating an equity index like the SP500. Finally, in the third paper, we build financial crisis indicators by using a completely different approach. By studying the dynamics of the evolution of the distribution of the spreads of the components of a CDS index like the ITRAXX Europe 125, a Bollinger band is built around the empirical cumulative distribution function of the distribution of the spreads, fitted on a basis constituted of two lognormal distributions, which have been chosen beforehand. The crossing by the empirical cumulative distribution function of either the upper or lower boundary of this Bollinger band is then interpreted in terms of risk and enables us to construct a trading signal.


well as neonatal benefits and risks of caesarean delivery, Skinner considers only the maternal benefits. Skinner's reasoning is clinically incomplete and therefore ethically inadequate reasoning. Next, she cites a descriptive, qualitative study on 'women's experiences after vaginal birth trauma', which study she describes as 'published', referencing an abstract, not a full publication, failing to mention that this abstract had not appeared when we submitted our letter and was not published when we submitted our commentary. Notwithstanding, qualitative studies cannot be used to prove hypotheses but only to generate hypotheses that then should be tested by well-designed and conducted quantitative studies. Skinner cites no such studies so her claim that 'obstetrics does not accurately use informed consent, as is mandatory in general surgery' therefore remains an untested hypothesis, i.e. speculation. Professional obstetric ethics, andprofessionalmedical ethics generally, should never be based on speculation but only on reliable evidence. Skinner's claim that biopsychosocial complications of vaginal delivery are 'devastating' is another unwarranted generalisation from descriptive, qualitative data. This is methodologically unacceptable in accepted qualitative research methods. Skinner calls our reasoning 'incongruous' because '[w]omen are individuals and need to be treated accordingly.' The science of medicine and therefore patient safety and quality of care are based on carefully observed and measured differences in populations of patients who share a diagnosis. The goal of clinical management is to diagnose patients by sorting them into welldefined populations, e.g. nullipara, previous low transverse caesarean section, or intrapartum complete placenta praevia, and then managing the diagnosis using population-based evidence. Individual, anecdote-based patient care is appropriate only when there is no such evidence. In effect, Skinner endorses the resulting uncontrolled variation in the processes of patient care that imperils patient safety and quality of care. Her approach fails to manage the risk of physicians inappropriately invoking patient-choice caesarean delivery as an excuse to perform nonindicated caesarean deliveries. Finally, Skinner claims that we 'have disregarded women's severe morbidities after traumatic vaginal birth' and that we are ignoring facts, opting instead for 'birth ideology'. Our commentary in BJOG cited relevant scientific reviews, which Skinner ignores. Providing distorted accounts of the positions of others and failing to cite relevant scientific reviews belie Skinner's 'birth ideology', which is antithetical to responding professionally to requests for nonindicated caesarean delivery.n


Based on the Feminist movement and the Feminist trend of thought in literature and art in the 1960s and 1970s,reflections on the development and evolution of western music history from the feminist perspective have become an important branch of American"New Musicology" and influenced the development trend of American Musicology after the 1990s.Since then,previously overlooked women and gender issues have got the attention of the academia in music.This article mainly discusses the academic course as well as the influence of feminist music criticism from the academic point of view.


This volume includes 24 studies on comparative culture analysis in the Southeastern-European and Mediterrean area, as practizised in the "Ethnologia europaea" of Leopold Kretzenbacher, giving an idea of the plurality of possible topics and issues of folk culture in history and presence of this oldest part of Europe, which has not yet been really explored by interested readers. In t erms of subjects and methods these studies are partly located beyond the traditional thematical set of folklore studies: theoretical and terminological problems are discussed, cultural history since the late antiquity is involved, theological issues come together with research facts on customs and rites, masques and disguisings, issues of gender studies and sociology af ages are brought together with methodological critics on comparativism of the Victorian school of ethnography, the competitions of tournament are analyzed in historical and functional context as symbols of power and superiority of Venice in the Eastern Mediterrean, folk plays are examined as prefigurating structures of elaborated forms of folk theatre as well as the influences of Byzantine ecclesiastic painting and iconography on orthodox folk culture; other chapters focus on ethnosteretyps, on forms and functions of blood brotherhood (adoptio in fratrem) since late antiquity, the ways of reception of popular reading material throughout the Balkan peninsula since the 16th century are presented. Other studies are dedicated to the formation of religious traditions in West and East, between Catholicism and Orthodoxy, to fairy tales between orality and literacy, but also topics like the public display of personal feelings, forms of gestures, figures of demonology, narratives of oral autobiography, etymological and semantic questions are examined and research projects on oral folk literature are presented. One chapter is also dedicated to the ideological use of folklore studies in the nineteenth century. Chapters 15-24 focus more sepcifically on Greece without lacking wider comparative views. The Introduction and the Conclusion, the selected bibliography at the end of the volume and the indices integrate these chapters in a unique perspective. The specific indices allow also a selective use of the volume.


The researcher believed that the effect of profanity could be positive, negative and netral. the researcher concluded that fancion of profanity was not only given the anger expression but also it gave humor expression and the effect of profanity was not only the bad effect but it contains the good effect


Volvo Powertrain produces engines and drivelines to AB Volvo's subsidiaries except to Volvo Aero. At the plant in Skovde engines and parts for engines and transmissions are manufactured and the facility includes all three essential areas of production; casting, machining and assembly. When the current recession hit Volvo Powertrain were working with very high inventory levels, which the company was quickly forced to cut since it became the main focus of the group management to reduce the capital tied up. Without conducting any proper analysis were new stock limit levels set in all sections of the company. The aim of this master thesis was to develop a methodology for setting of safety stocks at optimum levels while maintaining high delivery reliability. This would allow the company's inventory levels to be defined using a theoretical basis. As a starting point, a stock-level design with the service concept SERV2 together with allowing all articles to have differentiated levels of service was used. On the basis of Volvo Powertrain's conditions an optimization problem have been formulated. It turns out that this problem is a nonlinear integer problem, which makes solution very difficult. To overcome these computational problems one of the constraints were approximated in purpose to develop a heuristics. However, it was detected after several attempts, that the heuristics did not satisfy all the constraints at all times so it was decided to use the heuristic solution to act as a starting solution to a search method to search for a local optimum. The report describes in detail the parameters that need to be measured and how to ensure that all departments are using the same method in the preparation of the necessary input data. The method has been implemented in Excel where the user may enter values for these parameters which are then used in the necessary calculations. The results that are presented includes what batch-sizes that are to be produced, the safety stock level to be applied, which re-order point to be used and achieved service level. In addition the report also presents a new way to manage stock control in cases where there is a bottleneck early in the production flow which therefore determines the rate of production in the rest of the flow. Since this creates a pull system through the process flow, the stock between the production steps is unnecessary. A drawback is that the production becomes more sensitive to disturbances but means that previously hidden problems in the production reach the surface. The results of the simulations attempted show that the method involves reduction of inventory levels at the same time as the desired service level is maintained. By implementing the method Volvo Powertrain in Skovde will have a method to support their decisions which optimizes inventory levels at the same time as high service levels are guaranteed.


The Lake Muir-Unicup Natural Diversity Recovery Catchment is near the south coast of Western Australia. Recent drilling and sampling investigations by the Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) have revealed the hydrological processes at work. Groundwater is stored in surficial aquifers, sedimentary aquifers, and weathered and fractured rock aquifers. Groundwater quality ranges from fresh to mainly saline - and is cause for concern as watertables rise due to the clearing of native vegetation. Saline groundwater seepage and it affect on salt loads in first surface water flows of the season, and vertical seepage through wetland and lakebed floors are clearly significant and their interaction complex within this wetland system. Understanding groundwater-lake interactions is paramount to developing management strategies to preserve currently unaffected wetlands and possibly return some degraded wetlands to their 'natural' states.


Two types of split-cylinder resonators are used for characterization of the longitudinal dielectric parameters of reinforced RF substrates. The novelty of the method is the introduced theoretical 3D model of the measurement cavities, which allow determination of the parameters with the help of arbitrary 3D electromagnetic simulators. Two known isotropic and anisotropic materials are measured with circular and split-cylinder resonators and the results are compared. One of the considered structures - the split-coaxial resonator with movable inner post cylinder - allows substrate measurements at lower frequencies compared with the resonance frequency of the ordinary split-cylinder resonator.


Overvoltages induced on overhead distribution lines by nearby lightning are responsible for a significant number of supply interruptions, due to their high frequency of occurrence. The importance of the phenomenon has motivated several researches, aiming at a simple and reliable model that can be used for the analysis of the lines performances concerning indirect strokes. This paper presents initially some comparisons between lightning induced voltages recorded in Japan-simultaneously with the associated stroke currents-and those calculated according to some of the existing theories. The results show the consistency of the extended Rusck model (ERM), a method derived from Rusck's theory but with the ability to take into account the finite lengths of line and stroke channel, the occurrence of upward leaders and the effects of lightning incidence to tall structures. Then the effects of these parameters are discussed in order to illustrate the application of the ERM on the analysis of lightning induced voltages.


This study attempts to provide information on areal linguistic phenomena in Southeast Asia. The choice of classifier constructions stems from the work of Haas, and from a similar study of India, by Emeneau. Here the nuclear constructions, including expansions for adjectivals and deitics, are compared from a wide variety of Southeast Asian languages and Chinese. On the basis of these comparisons, including some historical perspective, three major linguistic areas are tentatively defined. The suggestion is also made of a more extensive Thai influence than previously supposed.


The signals with ideal correlation properties are of interest for continuous wave radar. At the same time it's important to provide low sensitivity to Doppler shifts of frequencies. There were considered signals with special structure due to amplitude modulation which provide capability of radar work with Search and Rescue Transponder (SART). Because the amplitude modulation has a drawback – not efficient use of signal energy, in a class of proposed signals there were considered signals with uniform amplitude. The mismatched filtering may be used by means special weighting functions for obtaining the necessary correlation properties.


Fertilization with four controlled release nutrient formulations, Sierra 17-6-10, Sierrablen 18-7-10, High N 24-4-8, and Osmocote 18-6-12, was evaluated for its capac ity to facilitate development of containerized singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr.& Frem.) planting stock. A water-soluble fertilizer treatment using Peters 20-10-20 and nonfertilized seedlings provided for comparisons of nutrient amendment effects on growth and nutrition , and each fertilizer formulation was applied using low , medium , and high rates . After 24 months , the high application rate of the Peters formulation produced the largest seedlings overall . Among controlled release treatments , the Sierra formulation applied at the medium rate resulted in the great est shoot dimensions , although the low rate of this fertilizer produced the greatest combined shoot and root dry weight . All treatments resulted in low shoot / root ratios with the exception of the high application rate of Sierra 17-6-10 . Overall , fertilized seedli...


With researching and analyzing the Chinese patent applications in video surveillance field,the number,the application areas,the applicants and the development trend of the Chinese patent applications in the video surveillance field are disclosed in the article,and a holistic discussion for the development direction of the technique of the video surveillance is provided in order to give some help for patent application in video snveillance field.


This study is aimed to investigate the effect of genotype on growth traits characteristics of Hubbard and Arbor acre commercial broiler chickens treated under the same dietary and environmental conditions. A total of one hundred (100) broiler chicks were used for the experiment consisted of Hubbard and Arbor Acre strain of broiler chicken. Data were collected from 1 week to 8 week of age on body weight using sensitive weighing balance and body measurements (shank length, wing length, thigh length, chest circumference, keel length and body length) were measured from each bird using a tailor's tape. All data were subjected to General Linear Model (GLM) using SAS 2000 software package. The correlations between body weight and linear body measurements were determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r).The result indicated that body weight, body length, chest circumference, keel length and wing length were significant (p<0.05) with male Hubbard broiler strain had consistence superiority inbody weight 654.00±22.68g, 862.00±26.63g, 1133.83±68.90g, 1438.50±61.82g and1969.70±156.93g at 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 week of age respectively. Also female Hubbard strain attained the body weight of 112.25±7.25g, 218.67±17.52g, 449.33±75.93g, 627.67±65.46g, 846.33±27.47g, 1062.00±72.10g and 1326.00±168.35g at 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 week of age respectively. Hubbard broiler strain showed superiority in growth assessment of body weight and linear body measurements in the 1 to 8weeks study period.The result also showed that there were very high significant (p<0.0001) positive correlation between body weight and body measurements of Hubbard strain and Arbor acre strain of broiler chicken.The correlation between body weight and body measurements in female Arbor acre ranged from 0.86 to 0.98 while male Arbor acre ranged from 0.94 to 0.98. The correlation between body weight and body measurements in female Hubbard ranged from 0.72 to 0.92 while male Hubbard ranged from 0.72 to 0.93. From this study, Hubbard broiler strain has been seen to exhibit significant higher body weight and body measurements over Abor acre strain of broiler. The results of this study also suggest that there are high positive correlations between body weight and linear body measurements.


In a similar manner to the reported procedure [1,2], b-pyrazolic amino acid [3] (2 mmoles) was dissolved in acetic anhydride.[...]


To analyse the occurrence and cell distribution of p75LNGFR and Trk neurotrophin receptors in normal prostate, benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate carcinoma, and to determine the effect of androgen suppression on the expression of these proteins in prostate cancer samples.


That the illness of political figures can shape history is well-known. Hugh L'Etang, an English physician and editor, brings the chronicle up to date by recounting how, since 1908, 11 out of 13 British prime ministers and 6 out of 10 American presidents have suffered from some degree of incapacitating illness while in office. Illness also affects the second echelon of decision-makers, cabinet ministers, and generals. While Woodrow Wilson's cerebral thrombosis and hemiparesis are wellknown to Americans as a major cause for the failure of the treaty of Versailles, a less familiar item is Franklin Roosevelt's propensity for surrounding himself with sick and ailing cabinet ministers and other advisers. Dr. L'Etang astutely points out that at the time of the Suez crisis, Anthony Eden was suffering from recurrent biliary-tract disease and John Foster Dulles from the preliminary symptoms of his intestinal cancer. Even during World War I the British generals


Summary Insulin and related peptides are long time recognized for their key role in the regulation of growth and metabolism during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Substantial advancement in identification and characterization of the insulin-like factor gene family in recent years extended our knowledge regarding their novel roles in diverse processes such as germ cell function, cell migration, carcinogenesis and longevity.


The study examined the configuration of 10 behavioral, physiological, and subjective measures of stress among subjects classified on the basis of sex and exposure to a stressor (mutilated bodies) and a benign stimulus. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated highly significant main effects of stress and stimulus conditions but no Sex X Stimulus interaction, although separate uni-variate analyses were in the direction of higher subjective reactivity to threat on the part of females. Discriminant functions corresponding to the significant multivariate main effects showed heterogeneity in discriminant variance within and between the subsets of subjective, behavioral, and physiological measures. Postexperimental judgments of stress-and attention-eliciting stimulus properties did not differ between male and female judges suggesting that sex differences may have reflected differing modes of response to stimuli with similar properties for each sex. Implications for assessing stress-reducing treatments are briefly discussed. A recurring "problem" in the assessment of stress has been the elusive agreement among stress indexes on the degree of stress indicated (Lazarus, 1967). Alternative approaches to this problem have placed it within the framework of a methodological weakness (cf. McGrath, 1970), a source of information about coping processes (e.g., Lazarus, 1967), and a combination of methodological weakness and informational source with the former component offset by ipsative types of research techniques (Lazarus, Speisman, & Mordkoff, 1963). In the clinical setting, the configuration of indexes of distress has been seen as possibly reflecting the partial independence of various components of fear in response to treatment (e.g., Lang & Lazovik, 1963). For example, in his review of measures of desensitization, Mathews (1971) has postulated a tentative sequential order of change in indexes of stress for phobic disturbance. Such approaches suggest the utility of analytical procedures simultaneously assessing relationships of stress indexes both to conditions of stress as well as to each other. While indexes of stress may differentially change with exposure to threat, it may be expected that the configuration of these indexes may also vary between males and females (Gray, 1971). Sex differences in stress reaction are well documented in the animal literature (Anderson, 1940; Swanson, 1967). However, there are relatively few studies of such differences between human males and females (Silverman, 1970). While clinical lore has it that verbal reports of distress are generally less frequent in human males than in human females (Gray & Buffrey, 1971), physiological reactivity to aversive stimuli is not necessarily less for males than for …


This study investigated the pasting, color, and granule properties of starches produced from 39 different cassava varieties (36 varieties resistant to cassava mosaic disease and three checks, TMS 30572, 4(2) 1425, and 82/00058) in two planting seasons at the experimental farm of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Onne, Rivers State, Nigeria. Varieties screened showed significant seasonal differences (p < 0.05) in all the properties over two harvesting seasons. The peak viscosity during heating ranged from 241.13 RVU to 485.21 RVU in year 1 and from 232.46RVU to 407.63RVU in year 2. Pasting time of the different starches ranged from 3.20–3.70 min in year 1 and from 3.6–4.2 min in year 2. Pasting temperature of the different starches ranged from 63.93–65.35 °C and from 73.15–77.15 °C in the years 1 and 2, respectively. Starch color intensity ranged from 85.05–94.49% in year 1 and from 90.27–92.96% in year 2. The structure of starches from cassava varieties was round in shape with granule size ranging from 12.50–22.50 μm in two years with varieties 97/0211 and 98/0510 as the smallest and variety 96/1632 as the largest. This study, therefore, showed that there were significant genotypic and seasonal variations in the pasting, color, and morphological properties of native starches from cassava.


Active specific immunotherapy (ASI) is a strategy that attempts to boost the host's immune response specifically against its own tumor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adjuvant ASI in patients with renal carcinoma.


Abstract The metal current collectors used in electronic, energy conversion, and energy storage devices often have difficulty wetting and adhering to ceramic substrates. Here, a novel Particle Interlayer Directed Wetting and Spreading (PIDWAS) technique is demonstrated that utilizes 1) the low wetting angle of silver on nickel and 2) the high work of adhesion between nickel and various ceramics to produce well-adhered, self-assembled silver patterns on ceramics not normally wet by silver. This is achieved by partially sintering nickel patterns and melt infiltrating either 1) locally-applied silver or 2) silver that simultaneously dewets the bare ceramic and laterally spreads through the porous nickel network. The resulting Ag-Ni patterns have higher ceramic adhesion strengths, higher densities, and similar electronic resistivities to those made using commercially-available silver circuit pastes. Further, these dense Ag-Ni patterns can be produced without externally-applied pressure, making them desirable for circuit, sealing, die-attach, joining and other applications.


Magnetic measurement have been collected in Baie de somme together with a hydrographic survey at the scale of 1 : 10 000. On that occasion, a magnetic reference station has been installed at the Ault's semaphore. After data reduction, a map of the magnetic anomaly's field has been drawn. This map shows strong anomalies generated by wrecks in a slightly disturbed and low gradient environment (3n T/km). Since the magnetic reference station was placed near the area of the magnetic survey, a precision of 5 n T(1 σ) for the magnetic anomaly's field has been reached. Feasability of these magnetic measurements and contraints brought by the high resolution magnetic cartography during hydrographic surveys are studied. Solutions are suggested to improve the overall precision.


Simple Summary Forensic anthropologists are tasked with estimating a "biological profile" from bones. This profile includes potentially individualizing characteristics, including sex, age, ancestry, and stature. If only a skull is found and the facial bony structure is intact, its biological profile can be used by a forensic artist or with computer software to construct a facial approximation, which is an informed estimate of how the person may have looked in life. The facial approximation is then released to the public and to other agencies, and facial recognition software may be used to search the approximation against images of missing persons. In case the biological profile is inaccurate due to incomplete or damaged skeletal remains, it is sometimes useful to construct additional facial approximations that are based on alternative sex and ancestry characteristics, especially for use with facial recognition software. This research found that alternative sex facial approximations, when searched against a large gallery of facial photographs, produced higher match scores than did alternative ancestry facial approximations. Abstract This study examined the recognizability of demographically altered facial approximations for potential utility in unidentified persons tracking systems. Five computer-generated approximations were generated for each of 26 African male participants using the following demographic parameters: (i) African male (true demographics), (ii) African female, (iii) Caucasian male, (iv) Asian male, and (v) Hispanic male. Overall, 62% of the true demographic facial approximations for the 26 African male participants examined were matched to a corresponding life photo within the top 50 images of a candidate list generated from an automated blind search of an optimally standardized gallery of 6159 photographs. When the African male participants were processed as African females, the identification rate was 50%. In contrast, less congruent identification rates were observed when the African male participants were processed as Caucasian (42%), Asian (35%), and Hispanic (27%) males. The observed results suggest that approximations generated using the opposite sex may be operationally informative if sex is unknown. The performance of approximations generated using alternative ancestry assignments, however, was less congruent with the performance of the true demographic approximation (African male) and may not yield as operationally constructive data as sex-altered approximations.


The FinFET and FinFET forming method is disclosed. In the method, a first trench is formed in the substrate. Then, a first isolation region in the first trench is formed. The first epitaxial region between the first isolation region is grown epitaxially. A second trench is formed by etching the epitaxial region to form a plurality of pins. The second isolation region in the second trench is formed. Structure comprising: a substrate; First fin on the substrate; A first pin of a gate dielectric above; And a gate electrode on the gate dielectric. The first fin comprises an epitaxial layer having a stacking fault density less than 1 * 104 cm-3.


facilitating access to health care. The difficulties with legal recognition of rights to health care are explored by Dieter Giesen. Some of the themes considered by Professor Giesen, notably the duty to rescue, are also taken up in Barry Furrow's essay examining provision of care to persons falling outside the health insurance scheme in the USA. Lawrence Gostin in his essay "The Americans with Disabilities Act and the corpus of anti-discrimination law: a force for change in the future of public health legislation", discusses the extent to which public health powers in the USA conflict with the rights of persons with communicable diseases and the role which can be played by anti-discrimination legislation in the form of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Deficiencies in health provision and sensitivity to the particular needs of ethnic groups in England are considered by David Pearl. This essay also illustrates the existing difficulties in attempting to use English law as a means of obtaining access to health care resources. The remaining essays provide: an examination of dimensions of justice in the context of the operation of the Canadian Health system, by Carolyn Tuhoy; the use of financial incentives in a market in organs, by James Blumstein, and problems of access to health care experienced by those from the USA AfricanAmerican community, by Vernellia E Randall. All the essays in the collection explore the central theme in the context of a well-developed Western health care system. It perhaps should be borne in mind that a comparative analysis of matters regarding justice and health care in relation to, for example, the Third World, would of course, bring into focus somewhat different issues. While some essays draw cross-jurisdictional comparisons the primary focus of this collection is American, with five out of nine of the essays concentrating upon American health care. The collection is thus perhaps not truly "comparative". Nevertheless, overall J7ustice and Health Care: Comparative Perspectives provides a number of lively, provocative and scholarly contributions to what is becoming an increasingly vociferous debate. J V McHALE Lecturer in Law, Faculty of Law, University of Manchester Torture: Human Rights, Medical Ethics and the Case of Israel


Spontaneous emission from an excited atomic state reflects the properties of the surrounding vacuum field. By placing the atom near a metallic surface or in a cavity, one can modify the spectral density of the vacuum modes coupled to it and either enhance1 or inhibit2 spontaneous emission. Large enhancement3 or inhibition effects have been obtained recently in microwave experiments involving either Rydberg atoms4 or a trapped electron5 radiating in cavities whose sizes were of the order of one-tenth of a millimeter to a centimeter.


To help people learn and understand the use of increasingly complex devices, the interfaces should be designed to be compatible with the user's task knowledge. This paper proposes a new diagrammatic interface model that enables intuitive' analysis and representation of user's interface knowledge in the domain of softwares and electronic devices. The model explicitly defines the abstraction of procedures in the user's understanding of interface for the objective examination of correspondence between the task knowledge and the interface.


FeFx•yH2O/C composite is prepared by using ferric citrate (FeC6H5O7) as precursor via carbonization and fluoridation. When evaluated as cathode materials for lithium batteries, the as-prepared FeFx...


Dynamic vapour sorption is used to gain valuable information concerning the sorption behaviour of cotton fibres during their development. Moisture sorption isotherms for cotton fibres are obtained through dynamic vapour sorption analyser during their development stages. The developing cotton fibres exhibited variable dynamic moisture sorption behaviour. The sorption rate is found to be closely related to the structural and compositional changes in cotton fibres during their maturation process. This study provides valuable insights into the driving principles of the moisture sorption process of cotton fibres may aid to develop ways to improve the moisture management properties in general.


An elevator emergency braking apparatus comprising: an elevator car or counterweight in some features, the jig having a pressing surface and the inclined surface is arranged to sandwich the guide rail; movably disposed between the clamp and the guide rail slope pressing body; operates the input electric signal, is connected to the pressing member, in normal operation, the pressing member away from the guide rail, and during braking, the inclined surface between the pressing member and the guide rail to push solenoid.


This article reports the findings of a multiple case study that identifies and describes the collaboration and networking practices of four Mexican English language teaching professionals belonging to two MA cohorts: 2005–2007 and 2007–2009. For two years, curriculum vitae analysis, maps, and in-depth interviews were used to collect data on these professionals' paths. Three dimensions were examined: teaching, organization, and research, as well as levels of involvement in these professional activities, which construct and shape participants' collaboration and networking practices. The findings revealed that each teacher-researcher's agency was directly related to their capitalization of diverse strategies in each dimension and how this, in turn, configured their engagement in the English language teaching community or other communities.


Purpose
The study of an energy company in the US was intended to explore how employees' emotions after downsizing impacted their learning following the downsizing event.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors elected to study an energy company based in Oklahoma City that had experienced several downsizings over the previous 10 years. More recently, there had been a major restructuring on departments as a result of the downsizing. At the time of the study there were 400 employees. They carried out 30-60 minute semi-structured interviews with nine volunteers, all affected by layoffs. Five were impacted by the loss of a supervisor and all had faced the loss of a co-worker.

Findings
Three main themes emerged – firstly "resilience", where they focused on getting back to work, secondly "loyalty", where most participants spoke about their new-found appreciation for their job and willingness to help colleagues, and finally "moral support" in which they spoke about how the experience strengthened relationships with colleagues, and they came to rely on each other.

Originality/value
The authors said their study pointed the way forward for organizations that wanted to understand the emotional impact of downsizing, and its effect on learning. They suggested some practical methods to enhance empathy and rebuild relationships.


Anaesthesia of birds is often viewed as high risk. Joanna Hedley of the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies describes the process and how to minimize the risks involved.


Two failed O-rings from the electro selector assembly belonging to an aircraft were sent to this laboratory for investigation. Examination showed that in both the O-rings, loss of material occurred by wear over a period of time. The wear pattern and the morphology of the worn out surface indicated that there was looseness in the O-rings which resulted in improper seating of the O-rings on the groove. Because of this, during motion of the piston, a sector of the rings had undesirable contact with the moving surfaces leading to accelerated wear on a sector of the rings. Analysis suggests that the failure was facilitated due to oversize of the O-rings and/or undersize of the groove on the piston. Evidences do not suggest any deficiencies in the material and/or deterioration in the material in service responsible for the failure.


The present invention relates to a method of holographic imaging millimeter wave with amplitude correction, comprising the steps of: obtaining a signal f (x, y, ω) at millimeter-wave scanning plane; the signal f (x, y, ω) by a correction term to the magnitude M (x, y) to obtain an amplitude corrected signal; made about the above-described amplitude correction signals x and y dimensional discrete Fourier transform to obtain the signal H (kx, ky, ω); signal H (kx, ky, ω) is multiplied by a phase correction factor to obtain the phase correction signal; a phase correction signal from uniform (kx, ky, ω) domain interpolation of the uniformly sampled (kx, ky, kz) domain; a three-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier transform of the signal obtained through the processing target image. The present invention clearer image results obtained.


Studying morphofunional conditions of a mucous membrane of oesophagus of patients with a bronchial asthma of different severity became the research objective. We confirmed the combination of a bronchial asthma with eosinophilicesophagitis and nonspecific chronic esophagitis, aggravated in process of asthma progressing. In the work the necessity of differentiated tactics and conducting of the patients with bronchial asthma in the cases of accompanying pathology of oesophagus is scientifically grounded. We notice a problem of insufficient diagnostics and ineffective treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in the cases of bronchial asthma.


Calcium plays an integral role in cellular function. It is a well-recognized second messenger necessary for signaling cellular responses, but in excessive amounts can be deleterious to function, causing cell death. The main route by which calcium enters the cytoplasm is either from the extracellular compartment or internal Comprehensive Invited Review ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING Volume 9, Number 4, 2007 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/ars.2006.1446 14386Hoo.pgs 1/31/07 3:47 PM Page 409


This chapter proposes a novel conceptual framework for understanding how different knowledge bases (analytic, synthetic and symbolic) can be accessed and combined at different territorial scales, looking at which mechanisms can be used to favor positive transformation paths in local productive systems. We apply such framework to the role of combinatorial knowledge for sustainable transformation under the impact of global challenges, such as those posed by Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Eventually, case studies reported in the MAKERS project illustrate the multi-scalarity of knowledge bases combined in different paths of industrial transformation addressing models of I4.0 including so-called I4.0+ alternatives.


Abstract. We have analyzed in detail the angular polarization properties in the center of mass reference frame of Landau's two-photon spherical states in momentum space. The angular distributions for fixed values of J and M do not depend on the parity but are defined by two different functions of the polar angle between the relative momentum and the quantization axes. The two-photon polarization density matrices are derived for each values of J , M , and P . The linear polarization correlations of individual photons are analyzed in detail. We find, besides the usual correlation laws for J ≥ 2 in terms of sin and cos of the angle between the orientation of the analyzers, correlations in terms of the sum of the orientation angles of the analyzers.


To slove disease diagnosis problem,concept of associated-key-factor and its reliability forecast algorithm are proposed,while weighting forecast inference and the machine statistics learning method are designed,both of which suitable for the subjective Bayes rule.In view of multi-rule activation,the score-coefficient-integration and analogy of union-set are designed to simulate expert-doctors con-sultation.Experiments indicated that,reliability forecast method enhanced the machine diagnosis coincidence rate,and integration method synthesized the multi-diagnosis conclusion reasonably,then the effect is good.


Reactive Programming (RP) is a programming paradigm for implementing interactive applications modularly and declaratively. Many interactive applications today are distributed, and thus supporting RP for distributed applications is an interesting research avenue. One of the key benefits of RP is that it avoids "callback hell" through providing consistent update semantics in the form of glitch-free change propagation. Previous research has developed separate solutions for decentralized glitch-free change propagation and thread-safe glitch-free change propagation. This paper aims to combine these works and provide an algorithm for glitch-free change propagation that is both thread-safe and decentralized, and thus suitable for distributed applications.


The author describes implementing different ways of education within graduate studies as a supplement of standard study. To bring more quality into the studies of future andragogues, a student andragogical school was established. It is based on learning with action, on the basis of problem-solving. The emphasis lies on independence of students regarding preparations and organisation of educationalresearch meeting, interdisciplinary topics, combining theory with practical work, and team work on performing tasks. When we qualify students for the education of adults we have to develop co-operation, creativity and ability to help others with their development; people who are involved in andragogical projects as teachers, managers,


The present invention is a liquid crystal display device; of the liquid crystal display device which can enhance the, particularly even, the accuracy of the defect panel test by a uniform resistance of the show tingba of odd lines as for (TFT-LCD Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Device) It will show on tingba and a manufacturing method thereof. Show tingba of a liquid crystal display of the present invention as described above has a second shorting associated with the plurality of Ibn line to which the first shorting associated with the plurality of odd line with the pad region in a predetermined portion described, formed by intersecting the plurality of odd line bar, characterized in that the configuration including the third shorting bar that said second shorting bar is connected at the predetermined portion of the second low resistance shows tingba.


The article examines the peculiarities and types of interaction of divisions of internal affairs agencies with other subjects of prevention, preventive work of district police officers, youth liaison officers with difficult families. The reasons leading to the decrease of results of preventive work are highlighted.


This research project addresses the development of a conceptual structure to measure the quality of software production in the digital ecosystem domain, using the action research paradigm. The proposed measurement framework is based on the criteria described in item 5 of ISO / IEC 15504-2 A Measurement Framework for process capability, with the necessary adaptations to the Public Domain Software (PDS). Development of the structure aims to contribute to the creation of conceptual references for a maturity model for a public software development ecosystem, using the literature on Systems Thinking. The Systems Thinking Approach identified the ecosystem evolves in learning cycles that resulted in a maturity model. It was also observed that the same approach can be used in other ecosystems. The research object is the Brazilian Public Software Ecosystem (BPS), an innovative experience in public administration that combines features of the free software production model with the concept of public goods and is delivered by a portal that links different people and interests. The BPS portal is a virtual space for the development, dissemination and enhancement of software by software communities. These communities engage in activities involving the development of new functionality or even new versions of solutions. Thus they involve software development processes but without a minimum of quality assurance. The theoretical references for the research project ranged from frameworks for process maturity models and frameworks for model construction to concepts of complex systems, systemic thinking and digital ecosystems. The research methodology used was action research and the field work had duration of two years.


Abstract Hulu Apad Leadership is a Bali traditional organization which develops sporadically in Hindu communities, especially in the mountain areas. This writing assesses the hulu apad system viewed from the Indonesia democratic system. The Pancasila democratic system in hulu apad system at Tinggan village, Pelaga, Petang, Badung is described on this writing. Description of determination process of hulu apad system, the main duties and functions of each person in-charge (prajuru hulu apad) in Tinggan Village. In real life, the hulu apad leadership is in line with the value of Pacasila democratic system, especially at the election of the person in-charge or the leader of the organization (Singukan), in which the leader is elected by the community, from the community and for the community. Once a leader is elected, his/her work ethic will implement the consensus system, collective works/cooperation and respect other's rights based on the traditional/local laws regulated in the community (awig-awig).


The study evaluated the free radical scavenging activity of some ethnomedicinal plants in Nigeria using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) as a model for determining the antioxidant activity of the . plants. A total of twelve plants were used while ascorbic acid served as a standard. They were Amaranthus spinosus, Telfairia occidentalis, Ocimum gratissimum, Solanum nigrum(leaves); Allium sativum, Allium cepa,, Zingiber officinale (spices); Lycopersicum esculentum, Solanum aethiopicum, Xylopia aethiopica (fruits) and Hibiscus sabdariffa and Garcinia kola. The test samples and standard (ascorbic acid) showed a significant anti-radical power (ARP) which is a measure of the antioxidant activity and is the inverse of EC50 (effective concentration that causes fifty percent inhibition of DPPH ). The result of the antioxidant activity . showed the following trend: Telfairia occidentalis and Allium sativum >Amaranthus spinosus >Xylopia aethiopica >Allium cepa, Solanum nigrum >Ocimum gratissimum, Lycopersicum esculentum >Zingiber officinale, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Garcinia kola> Solanum aethiopicum>Ascorbic acid.


The article argues that the attractions of fragmentation,
temporal disorder, pastiche, myth and fantasy or the mixing of
genres are all part of the essential postmodern playfulness
which is present in texts ranging from experimental to
seemingly traditionally realistic and in tune with the
postmodern sense of multiplicity, erosion of authority and
permeability of all kinds of boundaries.


Abstract

The research presented in this dissertation is an examination of the manuscript tradition of John Scottus Eriugena's Latin translation (the Versio Dionysii) of the Greek works of Dionysius the pseudo-Areopagite. The goal of this project is fourfold: first, to establish the relationship between the extant families of the manuscripts; second, to re-examine the state of Greek studies in the 9th century based on the relationship between the manuscript families; third, to trace the continued use of these recensions through the 12th century; and, finally, to examine Eriugena's interpretation of the writings of the pseudo-Areopagite based on the Irishman's translations of certain philosophic ideas.
 The First chapter establishes the existence of three distinct recensions, rather than two, as previously thought. Two of these recensions represent attempted corrections of the third. All three recensions (together with their corrections) are attributable to Eriugena (whether directly or indirectly). The second chapter examines the level of Eriugena's understanding of Greek, especially within the context of the state of Greek studies in the 9th century. Special attention is given to the corrections of the later recensions, which suggest an improvement in Eriugena's Hellenism. The third chapter examines the continued use of the Versio's during the Middle Ages through the 12th century, with special care to clarify which recensions were known to which readers. The fourth and final chapter presents the originality of Eriugena's interpretation of the pseudo-Areopagite's thought. This originality stems in part from his understanding of the Greek text, and in part from his attempts to harmonize his sources.%%%%PhD


A personal overview is presented attempting to show something of the broad range of applications of techniques associated with electron microscopy in the field of materials science and technology. The importance of electron microscopy in understanding microstructure/property relationships and the evolution of microstructure is stressed. In addition, some of the important uses of electron optical techniques in the more applied areas of materials technology are surveyed. The format adopted in this presentation is to illustrate the applications of electron microscopy in materials science and technology by citing recent studies. These include investigations of deformation, of grain growth, of precipitation and phase transformations and of the determination of the structure of interfaces.


This paper presents a knowledge based engineering environment methodology to support the designer in the correct setting of geometrical and dimensional tolerances in assemblies of mechanical compon...


Magnet motor provided with a variable field which is a radial gap motor in which magnetic effective portions (36, 46) in a rotor, respectively (24) and a stator (23) face each other in a radial direction with respect to, said stator (23) of a motor housing (22) is held, so that it is movable in an axial direction, wherein said magnet motor is constructed with a variable field, a magnetic field characteristic by moving the stator (23) in the axial direction from a reference position in which an overlap size between the magnetic acting portion (36) of the stator (23) and the magnet acting portion (46) of the rotor (24) in the axial direction is largest, to change, and thereby the amount of overlap between the magnet acting portion (36) of the stator (23) and the magnet acting portion (46) the rotor (24) is changed, wherein a stator moving mechanism (50) constructed to move the stator (23) in the axial direction, includes an annular rotating body (51), and the rotating body (51) on one end portion or an outer periphery of the stator (23) and with the stator (23) engages in such a manner that the stator (23) moves in the axial direction, when the rotary body (51) extends rotates.


The emergence of plasmid-mediated carbapenemases,such as NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae is a major public health issue.The first NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Xiamen was characterized.Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed with Vitek32.The A.baumannii carring NDM-1 was resistant to carbapenems and β-lactam antibiotics,and remained susceptible to aminoglycosides and flluoroquinolones.Gene transfer to E.coli recipient was investigated by using PCR and transformation.Sequence analysis of blaNDM-1 encoding the metallo-β-lactamase indicated that the blaNDM-1of NDM-1 A.baumannii was 100% homology with E.coli HK-01 from Hong Kong.And there was a 24bp insert sequence between blaNDM-1 and trpF when compared with K.pneumoniae KP-05-506 from India.Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the recombination strain E.coli DH5α(pMD18-T:blaNDM-1) was increased 256 times more than E.coli DH5α to meropenem.The result suggests that the E.coli acquired the blaNDM-1 could express metallo-β-lactamase.It is possible that horizontal mobility of the blaNDM-1 is in multiple bacterial taxa.


The aim of the article is to propose ways to increase the functioning efficiency of the newly created workplace with regard to the course of the processes themselves, as well as of the working conditions of the affected employees in the selected company, dealing with the production of refrigeration and air conditioning units for automobiles. The automotive market is primarily customer-oriented, to which companies strive to meet and deliver high-quality products that are different from their competition. To ensure this goal, it is necessary to acquire theoretical knowledge in the field of organization and structure of the production process. It is also necessary to analyse problematic points of the newly created working zone on the basis of observations and interviews with employees. The essence of streamlining the workplace and improving the working conditions of employees lies in the identification, analysis and elimination of shortcomings, that have arisen mainly due to dynamic changes and rapid implementation of the working zone in the corner of the production hall. Based on the identified deficiencies, the authors of the paper have proposed corrective actions and have analysed the results of the improved condition.


Clinical studies have suggested a causal or contributory role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthma and atherosclerosis. The activation of synthetic functions of smooth muscle cells (SMC) including the production of cytokines and growth factors plays a major role in the formation of fibrous atherosclerotic plaques as well as in structural remodelling of the airway wall in chronic asthma. In this study we demonstrated that C. pneumoniae induced the production of low levels of interferon (IFN)-β in bronchial and vascular SMC when infected cells were treated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). IFN-β production was analysed by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The upregulation of IFN-β was paralleled by an increase in mRNA levels of interferon regulatory factor-1 and interferon-stimulated gene factor 3γ, two transcription factors activating the expression of the IFN-β gene. In addition, C. pneumoniae infection enhanced the mRNA level of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, an IFN-inducible factor mediating the restriction of intracellular chlamydial growth, in TNF-α-stimulated SMC. C. pneumoniae-induced IFN-β production by SMC may modulate inflammation and tissue remodelling during respiratory and vascular infection.


The 8th World Social Forum opened on January 27th in Belem, Brazil. Geoffrey Pleyers explains the situation of the alter-globalisation movement: (...)


During the last 20 years, consumer groups, mostly in industrialized countries, have brought much more attention to the issue of animal welfare. Basically, as consumers grow wealthier, their access to an adequate quantity of food becomes assured. At this point, consumers tend to turn their attention to the quality of foods. Such quality concerns are generally identified as food safety and sanitation that includes specific issues regarding how food is made, and the impact that food production methods have on animals. The relationship between animal welfare and production is undoubtedly complex, partly because animal welfare per se is a controversial term. Producers often claim that the welfare on their farms for animals is qualified; however, there is no denying that people vary in their attitude to animal welfare, emphasizing either physical aspects, mental aspects, naturalness, or a combination of all.Different aspects of animal welfare are not necessarily correlated and may even be incompatible, so there is no simple and clear relationship between animal welfare and production, and no precise definition or description of animal welfare.


The invention relates to a frequency testing system based on a singlechip and a testing method using the same, and belongs to the technical field of frequency measurement. The singlechip is used as a core, a rising edge of an outer signal to be detected is counted by the singlechip so as to acquire the frequency of the signal to be detected; the frequency is transmitted to a serial light-emitting diode (LED) display chip by a serial peripheral interface (SPI) so as to drive a nixie tube to display a frequency value; and the signal chip can control a counting initial value of a counter according to the frequency range of the signal to realize the automatic switching of the measurement range. By adopting the frequency testing system, not only the signal frequency of more than 1H, but also the signal frequency of below 1Hz can be tested, and the automatic switching within the measurement range can be realized.


ABSTRACT In this study, a heterologous competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) for the determination of estriol (E3) in milk was developed. Rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for E3 was raised by introducing a carboxyl spacer arm from bromoacetic acid of E3 as immunizing hapten. A heterologous ciELISA using a coating hapten containing a carboxyl spacer arm from 6-ketoestriol of E3. The assay exhibited the required sensitivity for detection of E3 with limit of detection of 0.07 ng mL−1 and a working range from 0.41 ng mL−1 to 15.78 ng mL−1. Good recoveries were obtained ranging from 83.2% to 125.8% for E3 spiked milk samples. A satisfactory correlation (R2 = 0.994) between the results of ciELISA analysis and that of LC–MS/MS analysis indicated good accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method, which was ideally suited as a rapid screening tool for routine E3 monitoring.


Fancy an invite to a VIP event, a day at the Opera House hearing amazing speakers and a wonderful lunch by the harbour?


Objectives To investigate the changes of electrolytes during piggy-back orthotopic liver transplantation (PBOLT) in pigs and make out some management.Methods Plasma and portal vein blood samples were taken from 8 health selected pigs under anesthesia to analyze the concentrations of electrolytes. Some pigs were transfused with 5% sodium bicarbonate (2?ml/kg).Results After portal vein was reopened, the plasma potassium concentration was increased gradually.Compared with that of plasma, the potassium concentration of portal vein was increased significantly (P 0.01). A dramatic decrease of plasma and portal vein potassium concentration could be observed when sodium bicarbonate was transfused before reperfusion (P 0.01).Conclusion Intravenous injection of adequate sodium bicarbonate before portal vein opening can lower the transient elevation of plasma potassium concentration after portal vein opening.


Featuring low heat dissipation, devices based on spin-wave logic gates promise to comply with increasing future requirements in information processing. In this work, we present the experimental realization of a majority gate based on the interference of spin waves in an Yttrium-Iron-Garnet-based waveguiding structure. This logic device features a three-input combiner with the logic information encoded in a phase of 0 or π of the input spin waves. We show that the phase of the output signal represents the majority of the three phase states of the spin waves in the three inputs. A switching time of about 10 ns in the prototype device provides evidence for the ability of sub-nanosecond data processing in future down-scaled devices.


Objective To design a leak-proof automatic controller to reduce enhanced CT scan injury to patients.Methods The instrument was composed of two parts,including sensor transmitter and receiver controller.The transmitter sensor could sense pressure changes around the injection needle,and transmit the pressure to the pressure sensor,which could make the pressure under A/D conversion for the chip to analyze and process.When the contrast agent leaks occurred,the instrument sound and light alarmed,and issued instructions to stop the injection syringe.Results When the leakage of contrast medium was 1~2mL,the instrument alarmed and closed the high-pressure syringe.Conclusion The instrument is simple and reliable.The clinical practice proves that the instrument can prevent the contrast agent leakage occur,and should be widely applied.


Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) integrate a number of medical devices to prevent safety hazards as well as improve efficiency of clinical procedures. Most of existing approaches for MCPS control are either in centralized manner or assuming ideal network conditions (e.g., no message loss). However, the high dynamicity of clinical environment calls for distributed control, and also invalidates the ideal network assumption. To fill this gap, we propose a distributed control approach for MCPS in the network environment with asynchronous and unreliable communications. This is very challenging because MCPS are safety-critical and tightly blend a variety of characteristics from different technical domains. Our solution to this problem is based on a modular software design, which not only makes algorithm design easier, but also reduces software complexity to address device manufacturers' concern on cost and timeto-market. Moreover, we propose detailed algorithms for each functional module, and theoretically prove that those algorithms can tolerate message loss and prevent safety hazards. To evaluate the algorithms, we have conducted extensive simulation based on real-world traces. Simulation results show that while ensuring safety, our algorithms can achieve good system performance.


We obtain a formula for the Schwartz kernel of the scattering operator in terms of the Schwartz kernel of the fundamental solution of the wave operator on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. If there are no trapped geodesics, this formula is used to show that the scattering operator is a Fourier integral operator that quantizes the scattering relation.


The oxidation of cyclohexane in liquid phase at 150°C by a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen in the ratio of 1:1 under an initial partial pressure of 11 kg. cm−2 by oxygen, and catalyzed by cobalt naphtenate ([Co] = 50 ppm by weight), gives principally cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone and adipic acid. The transformation of cyclohexane carried out in a stainless steel autoclave, is powerfully accelerated when concentrations of about 0 to 0.5 mol.l−1 of aldehydes are added to the cyclohexane at the start. Thus the rate of oxidation of cyclohexane in the presence of 0.150 mol.l−1 of benzaldehyde, is ten times greater in the mixture than the rate at which pure cyclohexane is oxidized under the same conditions. The activities of aldehydes, in the oxidation of cyclohexane, are in the order of: m-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2, 3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde > benzaldehyde, acrolein > p-methoxybenzaldehyde > acetaldehyde > 3, 4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde > phtalaldehyde. The dragging effect varies following the power one of the concentration of additive. Nevertheless, whenever this concentration exceeds a certain value, the acceleration diminishes. Therefore the optimum conditions for the use of these additives are situated in feeble concentrations of aldehyde. In addition, the induction time of reaction is reduced in their presence (t> 4 min, when [benzaldehyde] = 0.150 mol.l−1). The dragging effect is attributed to the increase in the concentration of radicals, produced by the oxydation of the additives. A comparison of the rate of oxidation of pure cyclohexane and of the same in the mixture form, permits an approximate evaluation of the rate constants specific to the oxidation of cyclohexane and relative to the different stages of the reaction mechanism:

k3 = 1.8.102 (mol.l−1−1 (RO2.+RH ROOH+R);k5 = 2.2. 10−3 sec−1 (ROOH RO.+.OH); k8 = 3.6. 10−2 (mol.l−1)−1. sec−1 (ROOH+RH 2 ROH); k9 = 2.2. 10−1 sec−1 (ROOH R1 CO R2+H2O).


This paper presents a wireless mesh network-based solution utilizing stationary and mobile ground/UAV nodes for setting up a post-disaster communication infrastructure. The network is ad hoc and establishes connectivity over a large area without the use of a cellular network or the internet. We propose a complete end-to-end framework, where we deploy an android application on smartphones at the user-end, the wireless mesh network as the backbone of communication, and a graphical user interface (GUI) at a base station for facilitating situational awareness. The software stack is based on the Robot Operating System for broadcasting user information to the base station, and also for controlling the UAVs remotely. The GUI also incorporates a node recommendation strategy for selecting the optimal nodes. The framework is evaluated using UAVs and a semi-autonomous car, and the experimental results show that the proposed system could be indispensable in providing large-scale connectivity in post-disaster management.


The objective of this study is to develop an integrated approach to process design for air cargo transportation. This work integrated the methodologies of fuzzy set theory (FST), balanced scorecard (BSC), and theory of constraints (TOC) to ensure that the internal process design meets the needs of employees, shareholders, and customers, concurrently. This integrated approach is constructed by three stages. In the first stage, the strategies, strategic objectives, and key performance indicators (KPIs) of the company are developed through the conceptual framework of BSC. In the second stage, the initiator's actions are developed through the five logic tools of TOC. Furthermore, in the third stage, through the integration of BSC and TOC with fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD), KPIs and initiator's actions were transformed into the design requirements and the technical requirements. Finally, the house of quality (HOQ) is built for designing the service process of air cargo transportation based on fuzzy QFD.


The presence of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) on eggshell has serious public health implications. Several treatments have been developed to control SE on eggshell. The inhibition of SE by fermented vinegar (FV) on surface of chicken eggshell was investigated. Preliminary study by Agar Overlay Disc Diffusion Method on Mueller Hinton Agar media using FV containing different acetic acid concentration (AAc) (0% to 5%v/v) showed that more acetic concentration used, more significant inhibition of SE was found. Therefore, the confirmation of SE inhibition by FV containing different AAc (1%-3%v/v with 0.1%v/v incretion) at 5 min of contact time was further studied in vitro in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB). The 7.56 log cfu/ml SE cells were completely inhibited in TSB containing FV with 2%v/v AAc. The effect of vapourized FV at 2%v/v compared with 10%v/v AAc were investigated on SE on eggshell surface. Eggshells externally inoculated with SE were treated with FV vapour generated by pumping sterile air to FV solution. In this study, the level of SE consisting of 6 log cfu/g on eggshell were originally prepared. In order to reduce 1 log cycle, the 90 min vapourizing time of 2%v/v AAc or 30 min of 10%v/v AAc vapourizing time was required. The results suggested that both suitable AAc and vapourizing time should be considered for effective egg sanitization treatment. The microbial quality on eggs treated by vapourizing 2%v/v and 10%v/v FV was considered. The results showed no SE was detected both on eggshell and in egg content when kept at 4°C and room temperature (31± 1°C) within 28 days. The advantage of FV vapourizing procedure is not only to successfully control eggshell microbial quality but also to protect the environmental safety.


The phase retrieval problem originates in applied physics. In optics, light wave intensities can be measured with light detectors. In electron microscopy, the intensities of electron microscope photographs can be measured [1]. However, phase information cannot be physically measured and must be estimated to recover the complete wave function. This is known as the phase retrieval problem [2]. The Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm [3] was the first efficient solution to this problem. There are two inputs to the algorithm: the amplitudes of the image and the amplitudes of the diffraction planes (the Fourier transform of the image). In other words, given the amplitude of a signal and its Fourier transform, the algorithm attempts to recover the phase information for the Fourier transform, and thereby reconstruct the signal. The algorithm alternates between Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms, using the input amplitudes at each iteration to improve the phase estimates. As the phase estimates are indeed estimates, there is always a level of error involved. This error is defined as the difference between the known magnitudes and the estimated magnitudes, and is computed each iteration to track the algorithm's progress. We say that the algorithm is successful when the error converges to a value within a small tolerance of zero. We present a proof that this error must decrease or remain the same with each iteration. Gerchberg and Saxton's algorithm is not flawless. One notable problem is that the error can often decrease quickly, then stagnate for several iterations before converging to zero. Another is that the algorithm is initialized with a random set of phases, which cause inconsistency in the algorithm's output. We investigated these issues in hopes of improving the phase retrieval process. Although Gerchberg and Saxton originally wrote their algorithm in the 1980s, phase retrieval is still a relevant and active field, as evidenced by recent research such as Osherovich's description of an efficient numerical phase reconstruction method [4]. Technological advances make accurate phase retrieval even more attainable, as computations become less of a limiting factor. Therefore improvement of Gerchberg and Saxton's algorithm would be beneficial to current phase retrieval problems and related research areas. We wrote a numerical implementation of the algorithm in MATLAB to experiment with and observe the algorithm's performance. In our experiments,


A controlled ill vitro study was carried out to observe the effect of different Zinc (Zn) levels on sperm recovery rate, chromosome integrity, cell membrane integrity and motility in the swim up procedure. Semen samples were obtained from males who underwent seminal fluid analysis at the Infertility Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama. Twenty normozoo spermic samples were randomly selected for the study and each sample was processed with supplemented Earl's Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS) containing different concentrations of Zn [0.5ml of supplemented EBSS with 251'1 of solution containing 0.61'mol (group 1) and 1.2 I'mol (group 2) of Zn respectively]. One aliquot processed with 25 1'1 of physiological saline with added EBSS served as the control. Pre and post wash sperm counts and motility were recorded immediately after processing. Post wash sperms from the three groups were observed for chromosome integrity, cell membrane integrity, and motility. Motility changes after four hours of incubation were also observed. The mean sperm concentration showed an increase in group 1 compared to the control sample [21.87 ± 21.61 (SO) millions / ml compared to 18.34 ± 19.73 millions / ml, P 0.05]. The mean differences in sperm concentration compared to the control showed statistically Significant differences in both groups where an increase was observed in group 1 [3.52 ± 4.96 (SO) millions / ml] and a reduction in group 2 (- 2.08 ± 6.59 millions/ ml).


T HE MEDICAL PROFESSION has always been proud of its public image, and eager to maintain it. This desire is not, as some would say, to feed professional egos or justify fee schedules. Rather, it is to maintain the patient's trust and confidence, so necessary to the successful outcome of medical management. In the past, the doctor was measured by the members of the community in which he lived. More often than not he was a friend and a neighbor, and I suspect there was a sense of mutual need and trust. The wellbeing, and indeed the very existence of a community depended upon the contributions of each member. The doctor was respected and admired for such skills as he possessed, but probably more so for the concern and compassion which he displayed for his patients. He was expected to do his best for the problems he faced, and when the results were disappointing, his shortcomings were treated with tolerance and understanding. I believe that the community regarded the doctor as a very valuable person, worthy of adequate remuneration. His prestige in the community and whatever affluence he achieved were therefore accepted as his due without rancor. In the first half of this century, indeed, some measure of affluence was expected of the doctor-it sat well with the image of a skilled professional. Many patients were reas-


The project developed by the MLDG1 architecture and design studio involved profound research into the ontological bases of the logic used in architectural projects. It defends the need for not only designing the architectonic aspects of buildings, but also, and simultaneously, of formulating the deep logic that rules the very language of its con-formation. This is a fundamental characteristic of the projective process that the authors have termed 'monadic architecture'. In our analysis, we have opted for a logical-spatial ontology that explicitly seeks to undermine all sharp distinctions between the exterior and interior, questioning their epistemological grounds and including the building's exterior in the projective logic of the interior, which is principally instantiated via the use of optical-visual relations.


With incubation test,this paper studied the mineralization rate and mineralization ratio of soil organic carbon(SOC)along an elevation gradient in the Wuyishan National Nature Reserve of Fujian Province,Southeast China.Soil samples with a field water capacity of 60% were incubated at 25 ℃ over 110 days.The mineralization rate of SOC increased with increasing elevation,and that in 0-40 cm layer under alpine meadow(0.08 g CO2-C·kg-1·d-1)was 14.3%,60.0%,and 166.7% greater than that under dwarf forest,coniferous forest,and evergreen broadleaf forest,respectively,with the difference mainly existed in 0-10 cm layer.The mineralization ratio of SOC in 0-40 cm layer under coniferous forest(16.6%)was 37.0%,67.6%,and 79.1% higher than that under dwarf forest,evergreen broadleaf forest,and alpine meadow,respectively.The mineralization rate and mineralization ratio of SOC decreased with soil depth,and the decrement differed significantly(P0.05)with the soils at different elevations.It was suggested that elevation gradient had significant effects on the mineralization rate and mineralization ratio of SOC.


One important task for transforming the economic development pattern is to insist on the strategy of expanding the domestic demand, and the core issue is to enhance the people's consuming power. This requires the execution and deepening of the reform of income distribution system to promote the popularization of property income. That is to say, to possess property income will be no longer the patent of a few rich people; on the contrary, the mass labor will be able to participate in and share the results of economic development. The major means include: carrying out the employee stock option programs, to enable the mass stockholders of smaller shares to acquire stock dividends and benefit from the value increment of stocks; encouraging enterprises to issue small-amount stocks; requesting the Social Security Fund to enter the capital market actively and steadily, to enable all the urban and rural residents to share the property incomes provided by the Social Security Fund. Meanwhile, we should actively explore the compensation method for buying shares by land operating rights, so as to enable the peasants, migrant workers and relocated families to enjoy some property incomes during the process of urbanization and industrialization.


There have been many literature reviews carried out on Lean implementation in larger organisations with specific focus on the automobile industry. Lean implementation in the medical device industry has not been extensively investigated. Thus, this research endeavored to analyse the benefits of Lean, tools utilised and challenges and results of Lean implementation in Medtech companies. This article aims to bridge a gap in the literature by reviewing the literature that discusses Lean implementation in MedTech companies in Ireland with a perspective of identifying the benefits and challenges faced. The quantitative methodology allows us to review the comprehensive numbers and data which were collected from 20 Enterprise Ireland MedTech case studies. There are very few published case studies in the literature on Lean due to the highly regulated nature of MedTech sector and the vast array of medical devices, which are often under privacy and confidentiality constraints. The results showed that integration of Lean has brought benefits to companies by increasing productivity and product quality, optimised cost, and time. An inclusive discussion of Lean tools for Lean implementation within MedTech was established and suggestions for future research orientations are thus provided.


Reinventing the route "salt road" has the purpose to promote through cultural tourism, ecotourism, rural tourism and agrotourism, natural and anthropic resources on the navigable part of Mures River between the localities Bulci and Igris with possibilities for cross-border expansion until this river flows into Tisa and upstream to Alba Iulia, because the historical sources make reference to this occupation regarding salt trade since the time of Ahtum, the master of Urbs Morisena, and the existence of some traces of Christian life of Eastern rite at Cenad, Igris and Bulci. The most significant and accurate news about the Romanians living in the Western Region of Romania (Timis and Arad) in the Middle Age, of Turkish and Austro-Hungarian oppression are included in the Hungarian chronicles and other large works, which attest the transport of salt on Mures, even since the year 1138.


Angiotensin-(1-7) is a biologically active member of the renin-angiotensin system.By adhering to related receptors,angiotensin-(1-7) can regulate cardiovascular center activity,improve cardiac function,lower blood pressure and reverse cardiovascular remodeling.In this review we will discuss the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the cardiovascular system.


This work presents characterization of microvia interconnects in D-band frequencies for use as chip-to-package interconnects in Glass Panel Embedded (GPE) packages. Antenna-in-Package based on wafer-level fanout technology have demonstrated superior performance along its small form factor by eliminating wire-bond, assembly, underfill and package substrates. However, epoxy mold compounds, which limit the use of fanout packages at sub-Thz frequencies, do not support the electrical performance, thermal and thermo-mechanical needs of such applications. Embedding chips in glass panels, on the other hand, leverages all benefits of glass substrates and low-loss polymer buildup dielectrics while also mitigating the effects of wire-bond and microbumps for chip-to-package interconnects. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of these all-copper microvia-like chip-to-package interconnects is presented. These interconnects achieve an average chip-to-package loss of 0.146 dB in D-band and 0.177 dB maximum loss at 170 GHz which is lower than current flip-chip approaches, and our objective is to incorporate such interconnects in the proposed GPE package.


FIELD: electronic-vacuum engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for implementation in manufacture of light sources, indicator lamps, and optic displays. Graphite heater is placed in working volume, into which nitrogen or nitrogen/argon blend (ratio from 1:10 to 1:1) is pumped in at pressure up to 15 MPa and removed. These operations are repeated threefold. Thereafter, above-indicated gas or gas blend is pumped in at pressure 10 to 90 MPa and working volume is heated to 2100-2200 K at velocity 1 to 100 K/min and aged for 10 min to 4 h. Temperature is the lowered to ambient value and then pressure is reduced to atmospheric value at velocity 1 MPa/sec. Resultant nitrogen-carbon nanofibers are withdrawn from working volume, dispersed in ethyl alcohol by means of ultrasonic disperser giving power 180-200 W for 5-15 min, filtered, and applied onto cathodic plate. EFFECT: enabled manufacture of various-structure nanofibers in large amounts by easy and economic way. 3 cl, 6 dwg, 1 tbl, 7 ex


This book traces methodological concerns about cohort analysis and stems from a 1979 Snowmass Colorado interdisciplinary conference on cohort analysis. The use of cohorts to refer to groups or aggregates defined by point of entry into a social system has long been present in the social sciences but cohort analysis as a focus in its own right has fluctuated in its visibility due to swings of interest in the study of social change. The fundamental question in cohort analysis is that of determining whether the phenomenon under examination is cohort-based or whether some other conceptualization--such as age-based--is more appropriate. The work of Mason et al and also Fienberg and Mason suggested for the 1st time a general methodology for cohort analysis when age period and cohort were potentially of interest. In the 1970s research began using a 3 way perspective in which the goal was to determine through data exploration whether the process under study was some combination of age period and cohort phenomena. These methodological concerns about cohort analysis were the reason for the Colorado conference. The age-period-cohort identification problem is the main point of departure for most of the chapters. Fienberg and Mason discuss the purpose of age-period-cohort analysis and how that is related to statistical inference; Hobcraft Menken and Preston provide a review of cohort analysis in demography; Heckman and Robb discuss cohort analysis from an economic perspective; Mason and Smith illustrate the kind of substantive reasoning that age-period-cohort analysis requires; and Joreskog and Sorbom extend the "Joreskog approach" of modeling with latent variables to include true longitudinal data for cohorts. Resolutions to many of the issues of the 1970s debate concerning cohort analysis are presented.