1. Introduction: the co-evolution of economics and biology and the evolution of diversity Antonio Nicita and Ugo Pagano A. Natural Selection and Social Sciences 2. The origin of organizational species Ugo Pagano 3. Biological and cultural evolution: aspects of dynamics, statistics and optimization Marcus Fieldman 4. The evolution of evaluators Daniel C Dennet B. The Multiplicity of Learning Paths 5. Path dependent learning, and the evolution of beliefs and behaviours Paul A David 6. Learning dynamics, Lock-in, and equilibrium selection in experimental co-ordination games Vincent Crawford 7. On the dynamics of cognition and actions. An assessment of some models of learning and evolution Giovanni Dosi, G Fagiolo and L. Marengo C. Technical Change in Learning Paths 8. Evolutionary theories of economic change Richard R Nelson 9. Diversity and irreversibility in scientific and technological systems: the evolution of an industry network F. Pammollo, A Bonaccorsi, L Orsenigo, M Riccabomi and G Turchetti 10. The firm as an evolutionary enforcement device Antonio Nicita D. The Evolution of Norms 11. Lecture notes on equilibrium selection and the evolution of norms Robert Boyd 12. Endogenous interactions G. Mailath, L. Samuleson and A. Shaked 13. Social networks and efficient evolutionary outcomes in recurrent common interest games Stefano Vannucci 14. Community governance: An evolutionary analysis Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis 15. Cooperation and exclusion in networks Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis 16. Evolution of money Katsuhito Iwai


In the present article, it has been tried to compute hydrodynamic forces and moments in coupled sway, roll, and yaw motions of planing hulls. For this purpose, wedge water entry has been considered in its generalized form with vertical, horizontal, and roll velocities. Using potential theory, new added mass formulas for coupled sway, roll, and yaw motion of planing hulls have been derived. Moreover, by introducing oblique-asymmetric 2D+T model and implementing momentum theory, sway force, roll moment, and yaw moment have been computed. The obtained hydrodynamic forces and moments have been compared against experimental results and previous empirical method. It has been observed that the method is accompanied with large errors and under-prediction, in the cases with zero and negative roll angle, especially at a yaw angle of 15°, which is a related limitation of the method. Better accuracy in prediction of sway force and yawing moment is observed at a trim angle of 6° and roll angles of 10° and 20°, especially for small yaw angles. The main sources of errors are found to be as follows. 1) Flow separation from the wedge apex in negative roll angle at large yaw angles, which results in under-prediction of sway force, rolling moment, and yawing moment 2) Tendency of the flow to move from starboard to port at a trim angle of 6° for the vessel with a deadrise angle of 30° at a negative roll angle and yaw angle of 15°, which cannot be simulated by the current method. 3) Reduction of contribution of hydrostatic pressure at a speed coefficient of 4.0, which is not well modeled by the proposed method and results in under-prediction of rolling moment. 4) Overprediction of center of pressure at a yaw angle of 10° and 15°, which results in under-prediction of yawing moment. 5) Prediction of nonzero values for chine wetted length at roll angles of 10° and 20° for the yawed vessel at a trim angle of 6°, which results in under-prediction of rolling moment. 6) Over-prediction of starboard wetted length at negative roll angle at a trim angle of 6°.


Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is a natural bacterial storage compound, which can be used as carbon and electron source. Their remarkable similarities in physical properties to conventional plastics, such as polypropylene, attract great commercial interest. This thesis focuses on PHAs production by bacterial enrichments. As compared to the current pure culture biotechnology, mixed culture biotechnology is much less dependent on the well defined substrate and sterile process. These properties of mixed culture biotechnology can greatly reduce the price of the final products. The major aims of this thesis are to optimize the process to select bacterial enrichments with superior PHAs-producing capacity and analyze the microbial community compositions in these enrichments. In my PhD studies, the main findings are: (1) both the maximal bacterial PHAs content and biomass specific PHAs productivity have been significantly improved. (2) the new selective pressure to enrich bacterial species with superior PHA producing capacity has been found. (3) several novel bacterial speices have been isolated and characterized. Based on these findings, converting argo-industrial waste to valuable chemical compounds can be achieved. Currently, a demo-scale production reactor is being constructed.


Twenty-fourdacinefruit fly specieswere recordedin a lure trapping surveyin Sri Lanka. The numberof speciesattracted by a cue lure (CL) or methyl eugenol(ME), andthosethat didn't respondto either but were recorded in a fruit collectionsurvey,were 17,7, and6, respectively.Theserecordsand the distributionof responsivenessamongdacine fruit flies of Sri Lanka according to the existing classificationwere investigated. The results showedthat those that responded to ME were distributed in only one genus, Bactrocera (Bactrocera), while those that respondedto CL were distributedwidely across differentgeneraand subgenera:Bactrocera (subgeneraAfrodacus, Bactrocera, Zeugodacus,Javadacus, and Parazeugodacus) , and Dacus (Callantra). The results were consistent with the general tendency of responsiveness among Dacini. The ratio of speciesthat respondedto CL and those that responded to ME was about 2.4: 1.


Every year, huge amounts of funds are obtained by illegal activities. These illegally obtained funds need a process, which is called laundering, in order to appear legitimately obtained and become usable. Although it is not possible to measure the exact volume of money laundering, the International Monetary Fund has stated that the aggregate amount of it in the world could be somewhere between 2 and 5 percent of the World's gross domestic product. The present study is intended to cover the concept of money laundering, process, techniques and anti-money laundering act in India.


Background: Increased maternal anxiety level has been reported to have detrimental effects on the physical outcome of pregnancies such as not achieving vaginal births. This study thus aims to determine the level and factors affecting mental preparedness among mothers with normal pregnancies and its correlation with birth outcomes. Methods: Three hundred healthy mothers above 37 weeks of gestation in the early stage of labour were assessed for their level of mental preparation before birth process and outcomes after births which include general feeling (euphoria), ability to withstand labour pain and bonding with the new born. The successfulness of vaginal birth and other data on factors affecting mental preparation were also collected. Results: The level of mental preparedness was found good in 78% of the mothers, mainly determined by their socioeconomic status, family support and personal ability to adjust to changes. Age (p= 0.048), parity (0.00) and income (0.01) were found to influence mental preparedness significantly. Race, occupation, education level and marital status are however not significantly related. Poor mental preparedness is associated with greater pain during labour. A correlation analysis also found a positive relationship between the level of mental preparation and mental outcomes following birth in these mothers but it did not significantly influence the mode of delivery. Conclusion: Mental preparation before birth seems to have an effect on mental outcomes of mothers following birth process. It is vital that mothers of the younger age group with no previous obstetric experience be given more attention in preparing them mentally before they face the painful birth process.


4567 Background: Results of the sequential randomized phase III SWITCH study comparing SO/SU and SU/SO have been reported previously (ASCO GU 2014, abstract 393) showing no significant difference in the primary endpoint total PFS (T-PFS, Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.01) nor the secondary endpoints overall survival (OS, HR 1.0) and 1st-line PFS (HR 1.19). We here report results of SWITCH study subgroup analyses per endpoints T-PFS, OS, and 1st-line PFS. Methods: Pts with mRCC unsuitable for cytokines without prior systemic therapy, ECOG PS 0/1, MSKCC score low or intermediate, and ≥1 measurable lesion were randomized to receive open-label SO/SU (arm A) or SU/SO (arm B) in standard dosage. Retrospective subgroup analyses according to age, sex, MSKCC score, and ECOG PS were performed to identify any subgroup that profits more from one sequence or the other by comparing both groups using Cox proportional hazard regression model and log-rank testing. Results: A total of 365 pts were enrolled: 182 arm A, 183 arm B.At ti...


We briefly show the results of indoor and personal PM 2.5 measurements in an epidemiologic study de-signed to evaluate the health risks of ambient PM 2.5 in Japan and the relationship between indoor and outdoor PM concentrations. The impact of indoor and outdoor PM pollution on health is described bas-ed on one morbidity study. The results of other studies on indoor PM 2.5 measurements are also described.


In order to study the formation of the hydraulic jump, several numerical experiments are conducted about the three-dimensional flow of two layers over an isolated obstacle. As a clue to under-, standing the results of the numerical experiment, the criterion for the existence of a steady flow over an obstacle is considered using the two-dimensional flow in linearized formulation. The results of six out of eight numerical experiments performed in the present study are examined: three cases do exist in the steady regime, the other three in the unsteady regime. In the cases of the steady regime the continuous flow is obtained throughout the whole region, but in the cases of the unsteady regime a bow-shaped jump appears in the leeside of the obstacle, as is observed in the single fluid system. In the steady cases the internal surface tends to change more remarkably than the external surface; in the unsteady cases a reverse tendency holds.


Photovoltaic systems (PV) of higher power are connected to the grid through three-phase inverters via output filters which are designed to limit Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), in order to comply with international standards. With the purpose of reducing the volume of this converter, this paper evaluates 3 configurations of bridge legs and output magnetic components and identifies the most compact options for a system of 10kVA. A single bridge leg and two interleaved bridge legs with coupled or uncoupled inductors are considered in the comparison. Switching frequency and total silicon area are fixed and the volume of the passive components and the heatsink are evaluated as well as the system efficiency. The analysis developed in this paper show that the configuration with interleaved bridge legs and coupled inductors has a total volume close to 70% when compared to the configuration with interleaved bridge legs and uncoupled inductors, but it has a similar total volume when compared to the configuration with a single bridge leg. Although it is reported in the literature that systems with coupled inductors usually have a lower volume, the case at hand has the output filters designed to comply with EMI standards and it will be shown that, like this, the volume reduction of magnetic components provided by coupled inductors is compensated by the increase on the volume of capacitors.


The compounds 2-7 were isolated from solutions of phenanthrene (1) and nitrogendi-oxide in carbon tetrachloride after irradiation with UV light having long wavelengths (λ > 290 nm). With the help of spectroscopical methods the proposed structures are derived. Radical mechanisms are proposed for these reactions.


3D weaving is a manufacturing process capable of producing near net, highly shaped textile preforms with interlocking fibers between layers. A Jacquard loom enables the complicated fiber architectures during 3D weaving, as each warp end in a preform is controlled independently. The preform crosssectional shape is generated by using either a shuttle or rapier to insert multiple weft fibers (those fibers perpendicular to the warp) to build up thickness. The complete cross section may take several dozen insertions to complete, depending upon the desired structural performance, fiber volume, etc. At the completion of each set of passes, the preform takeup advances and the process is repeated. In effect, the preform consists of a series of parallel planes of fiber connected by small lengths of warp fiber. The interlocking fibers provide increased damage tolerance when compared to 2D laminated composite structures. These types of preforms are now being used, or considered for use, in a wide variety of aerospace engine and airframe applications.


The women's XXth century philosophical reflections on the disumanization of history clearly still show their relevance for our present. Starting from a tragic episode of our times, such as the genocide in Rwanda in '94 – where women had a fundamental role in the reconstruction of the social fabric – this paper wants to analyze the denial of the human in the light of M. Zambrano, E. Hillesum, and H. Arendt's reflections. Their gendered perspective offers us new interpretative keys, linked to responsibility, relationality, alterity, care, and need for humanisation that allow a re-thinking of tragic politics as an ethical politics.


Senior Consultant with Bitrán g Asociados in Santiago, Chile; Paavo Monkkonen worked on this chapter while working as a Consultant for the World Bank. This chapter is based largely on material contained in a background paper written for this report by Bitrán, Giedion, and Valenzuela (2003). The chapter benefited from the comments and suggestions of Isabela Danel and Marianne Fay. 5 Keeping Healthy in an Urban Environment: Public Health Challenges for the Urban Poor


Tissues of the stria vascularis of normal rabbits were collected as cochlear antigen and injected into the foot pads of guinea pigs. Damage to the capillary endothelium and an increase in vascular permeability were found in the stria vascularis. Therefore, we studied patients with increased level of immunoglobulin G-class circulating immune complex (IgG-CIC). Hearing loss was found in 26 of 44 ears and vertigo was found in 10 of 22 patients with significantly elevated IgG-CIC levels.The relationship between inner ear disease and the presence of CIC was considered to be very significant.The possible mechanism of CIC-mediated inner ear diseases is discussed.


ABSTRACT This study compares the language proficiency gains of two groups of students taking a business English course module in a bilingual university in Catalonia (Spain). Whereas one of these groups followed a 'translanguaging' or 'plurilingual' pedagogy, the other followed a strictly monolingual approach. Participants were 54 mostly Catalan/Spanish bilingual university students of Business (n = 35 translanguaging and n = 19 monolingual). Whereas the teacher in the 'translanguaging group' used and fostered the use of Catalan and Spanish besides English, the teacher in the 'monolingual group' only used English and allowed only English in class. Participants were administered a placement test, and performed a written composition and an oral sales pitch the first and last week of the semester. Participants were also administered a questionnaire before and after the treatment. The EFL development of the participants was measured in terms of fluency, lexical complexity, grammatical complexity and accuracy, but it was also assessed by an expert examiner, who based her ratings on a rubric including four scales: language, communicative achievement, content, and organisation. Results show that both groups experienced comparable gains, but the few significant differences favoured the translanguaging group.


The invasive fish threaten ponds' ecological status and their ecosystem services. Therefore, obtaining a representative sample of fish community composition is fundamental to fishery management, research, and nature conservation. Estimates of size distribution, density and biomass of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), model species of invasive fish in three ponds were compared among three sampling methods - electrofishing, fish-trapping, and throw-netting. The study illustrates that the invasive fish, P. parva, can be detected by all tested fishing methods, yet our results clearly showed that there are pronounced differences among methods in population characteristic estimates. Electrofishing and throw-netting gave biased information on size distribution of P. parva. Fish-trapping and throw-netting gave reasonable P. parva density and biomass estimates, while electrofishing clearly underestimated it. All tested methods showed a body size increment of P. parva between summer and autumn sampling sessions, yet neither throw-netting nor electrofishing recorded an increment of its density. Our study showed that fish-trapping is the most reliable and, at the same time, affordable method to estimate invasive P. parva population characteristics in ponds despite more time demanding sampling. The success depends on the mesh size of sampling gear, operator's skill, and habitat structure. Cost-effectiveness of selected methods and the importance of invasive fish monitoring in ponds is discussed. The sampling gear must be considered carefully according to the aim of the monitoring.


THE MIND OF THE CATHOLIC LAYMAN* One of the most interesting subjects that may arise in the Second Vatican Council is the determination of the role of laymen in Catholic life of the twentieth century. But laymen will not officially participate in any decision of the Council on this subject. Even the suggestion that the order of deacons be revived as an active agency of the Church supposes that these men whether married or unmarried be raised to the clerical order of diaconate. There are, however, outside of the sacramental system and the Mass other functions of Church administration which laymen have performed in times past and some of them the layman can perform occasionally better than the ordained priest or bishop. In the United States these functions in which the layman desires to assist are chiefly the administration of property and teaching. In neither of these functions is any ordination required and some think that those not obligated to the functions of ordination would be free to do a better job in them. The crux of the matter lies in the fact that the one who controls the property and education would ordinarily soon dominate the other functions. In the English-speaking world, since the Reformation, there have been three solutions of this problem: clerical domination of both property and education as among Roman Catholics in Ireland and the United States; the Anglican form in which the State has been a dominant power; and the various forms of English Protestantism in which the ultimate control is with the layman. The rise of Roman Catholicism in the United States in the early nineteenth century brought about a struggle within the Catholic body to see which form would be adopted. This conflict, generally called the Trustee Controversy, resulted in an almost total victory for clerical domination. Lay assistance has been used with more and more frequency in both administration and education, but the decision of the early bishops has not been reversed.


The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)—often called "the world body of science"—took major steps in September at its 25th General Assembly toward a more active and visible role as spokesman for the global scientific community and adviser to the public and governments on diverse science-related issues. A nongovernmental organization founded in 1931, ICSU does not have individual scientist members. It is, rather, an umbrella body consisting of 25 international scientific unions—such as the International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry—plus 95 national members (the National Academy of Sciences represents the U.S.) and 28 scientific associate organizations (such as the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis). ICSU is hardly a household word. But members of the "ICSU family" have created major international interdisciplinary programs. They jointly sponsor environmental and other programs with the United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and other UN...


This technical report presents a new theoretical approach to the problem of switching networks synthesis with McCulloch-Pitts feed-forward neural networks. It is shown that any n-inputs periodical symmetric Boolean function Fp with the period T and the first positive transition at x = a can be implemented with a 1 + dlog n a T e depth and size network both measured in term of neurons, when a period contains two transitions. It can be implemented with a t+dlog n a T e depth and size network when a period contains more than two transitions, where t is the number of neural elements necessary to implement the restriction of Fp to the first period, i.e. the input interval [0; T ]. An asymptotic bound of O(logn) for the network (for both size and depth) is also derived for symmetric Boolean functions that can be decomposed in l periodic symmetric Boolean sub-functions.


The book is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 describes the potential of ferrocement as a construction material, and the problems of design in septic tank and aqua-privy systems. In Chapter 2 the various technical options in low-cost sanitation are contrasted and compared. Chapter 3 gives details of how septic tank and aqua-privy waste treatment and soil disposal systems are designed and constructed, and Chapter 4 gives step-by-step construction details of a ferrocement septic tank built for the commercial market.


Mario de Lemos advises that for trials in which survival analysis is used, clinicians should ideally calculate the NNT from the hazard ratio.[1][1] We agree, but would emphasize that more important than the small differences created by the choice of method to calculate NNT are the very large


Many interesting papers have been written on this condition since the first article, published by Donders in 1871. Stokes, in 1932, Malbran, in 1940 and Smith, in 1941, have covered the literature rather well, though several other important contributions should be included in a complete bibliography of this condition. In this paper an attempt has been made to list important references which have appeared to date in the various ophthalmologic journals, so that they may be available for use in any further investigations. My purpose in this somewhat detailed search was to obtain, if possible, a more satisfactory explanation of the pathologic changes in the eye and to determine the mechanical basis of the retinal hemorrhages, the reasons for the many different types of hemorrhages, the cause of the extensive perivasculitis observed in several cases and, finally, the cause of the exudative processes so commonly seen in the macula, as


Natural populations ofNuphar luteum in the coastal plain of North Carolina present a morphological and geographical cline with ssp.macrophyllum representing one extreme and ssp.sagittifolium the other. Plants of intermediate morphology exist in abundance in areas between the two extremes. Data involving 1) analysis of variance within and among clones, 2) analysis of variation in seedling populations cultured under uniform conditions, 3) analysis of seedlings produced through artificial hybridization, and 4) reciprocal transplantation indicate the morphological cline to be genetically controlled with the leaf length-width ratio being the most constant and reliable feature for identification. An analysis of competitive and non-competitive populations within one pond provides evidence that natural selection of specific mature clones occurs under competitive conditions. Likewise, an analysis of the seedling potential of adult populations along the cline indicates that, in nature, a strong selection mechanism is operative during seed germination and/or seedling establishment. Chemical analyses of the aquatic habitats along the cline show several gradients to be correlated with the morphological cline. By extrapolation of the data, the variability evident inNuphar, not only among subspecies but also among populations and clones, is considered to result from adaptation to environmental selection pressures.


ABSTRACT Shallow estuarine habitats are well recognized for providing a positive correlation to the abundance and diversity of juvenile fish species. This has been associated with the hypotheses of refuge from predators and the availability of food. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of two adjacent habitats to mangrove fringes (area adjacent to pneumatophore zone and mudflat) as an ecological habitat for Diapterus auratus juveniles. Sampling was carried out in the rainy (January–July 2016) and dry (August–December 2016) periods. This study indicated that D. auratus juveniles did not show significant differences in abundance and biomass between adjacent habitats. However, univariate analyses found there was a significant increase in fish abundance in the dry season, due to influx of young-of-the-year. Further, the size-frequency of D. auratus showed a recruitment pattern recorded between August and January, suggesting a broad spawning period between the end of the rainy season and a recovery period between March and May. There were distinct changes in the diet between seasons for D. auratus, according to the dendrogram of the food eaten by the fish. The combined results from the distribution and feeding ecology suggest a connectivity among adjacent areas, and indicate that both habitats provide critical foraging and refuge habitat for D. auratus in this tropical estuary.


1. Introduetion In the previous works1),2) it was reported that the strength of metastably phase-separated glasses was dependent on the size of glassy particles dis persed in the glassy matrix and that it decreased with increasing particle size. The present study is concerned with the strength of glass-ceramics in which crystalline particles are dispersed in a glassy matrix, in contrast to the phase-separated glasses in which dispersed particles are glassy. In order to investigate the effect of crystal grain size on the strength, particularly, a photo-sensitive glass which could be converted to glass-ceramics having crystal grains of various sizes by changing the irradiation time was used in the present study. Tashiro and Sakka3) already studied the strength grain size relationship for the same glass-ceramic as used in the present study and found that the strength of the samples in which lithium disilicate and quartz crystals were precipitated was dependent on their grain size. In their study no considera tion was made on the structure of the surface of the sample which was exposed to the ambient atmosphere during heat treatment. Recently, however, it was reported that, in general, the surface of glass-ceramics have a microstructure different from that of the bulk4), 5) and may greatly influence their strength behavior6). In view of this, it was considerd necessary to make research on the strength withh a particular attention to the effect of the original surface of samples. In the present study it was attempted to make strength measurements after removing the original surface layer by etching with hydrofluoric acid solution. So far many studies have been published on the strength of glass-crystal composite systems7), which were prepared by hot-pressing powder mixtures, but relatively few studies have been made on the strength of glass-ceramics.


The rapid development of big data has brought great convenience to human's lives. The circulation and sharing of information are two main characteristics of the big data era. However, the risk of privacy leakage is also greatly increased when we enjoy the various services of big data. Therefore, how to protect the data privacy in the complex context of big data has become a research hotspot in academic circles. Most of the current researches on privacy protection are divided into two research fields: k-anonymity and differential privacy. Some existing research shows that traditional methods of privacy protection, such as k-anonymity and its extension, cannot achieve absolutely security. The emergence of differential privacy provides a new solution for privacy protection. We draw the lessons from exiting work and propose a new privacy method based on differential privacy: AQ-DP. We propose the first method for classifying quasi-identifiers based on sensitive attributes, which divide quasi-identifiers into associated quasi-identifiers (AQI) and non-associated quasi-identifiers (NAQI). The purpose is not to lose the correlation between quasi-identifiers and sensitive attributes. Our model AQ-DP carries out random shuffling of NAQls., generalizes the AQIs., and adds random noise that satisfies the laplacian distribution to the statistics. We have conducted extensive experiments, confirming that our model can achieve a satisfying privacy level and data utility.


The invention provides a cold slow-release constant-temperature soft capsule, and relates to the field of cold slow-release constant-temperature freshness keeping and low-temperature refrigeration. The cold slow-release constant-temperature soft capsule is composed of a capsule core, a heat preservation layer and an isolation layer. The heat preservation layer and the isolation layer sequentially wrap the capsule core. The capsule core is made of high-water-absorption materials which sufficiently absorb water. The heat preservation layer is made of materials with certain thermal insulation and heat preservation performance. The isolation layer is made of materials with sealing and isolating effects. After being frozen, the cold slow-release constant-temperature soft capsule is placed together with food, fresh flowers, medicine and the like or contained in bags and wrapped in gauze to be placed in front of air conditioners and fans, cold stored by the cold slow-release constant-temperature soft capsule is slowly released, and therefore the low-temperature freshness keeping and cooing effects are achieved.


THB future historian of medicine will not have to point to the year which is now closing as having witnessed any fundamental discovery, or the birth of any far reaching theory. The articles, which have been specially prepared.by.specialists for this number, chronicle rather a steady advance all along the line; this ought perhaps rather to be a matter for congratulation than regret. The advance which is made "by leaps and bounds " is sometimes, in science as in finance, delusive. Festina lente !


This article builds an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model(ARDL) on growth of property insurance premium.The growth of China's property insurance premium is empirically analyzed by Engle-Granger two-step method.The research shows that,the premium of property insurance and GDP is co-integrated,and new ARDL model has better goodness of fit and predictive ability than CLRM.


A healthcare hybrid Hadoop ecosystem is analyzed for unstructured healthcare data archives. This healthcare hybrid Hadoop ecosystem is composed of some components such as Pig, Hive, Sqoop and Zoopkeeper, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), MapReduce and HBase. Also, Apache Drill is applied for unstructured healthcare data retrieval. This article will discuss the combination of Hadoop and Drill for data analysis applications. Based on the analysis of Hadoop components, (including HBase design) and the case studies of Drill query design regarding different unstructured healthcare data, the Hadoop ecosystem and Drill are valid tools to integrate and access voluminous complex healthcare data. They can improve the healthcare systems, achieve savings on patient care costs, optimize the healthcare supply chain and infer useful knowledge from noisy and heterogeneous healthcare data sources.


gus is a premalignant condition where normal squamous epithelium is replaced by intestinal epithelium. BE is associated with an increased risk of developing esophageal adenocarcionoma (EAC). However, the BE cell of origin is not clear. We hypothesize that BE tissue originates from esophageal squamous cells, which can differentiate to columnar cells as a result of repeated exposure to gastric acid and bile acids, two components of refluxate which is implicated in BE pathology. The goal of our study was to explore the potential link between chronic exposure to bile acids esophagus patients. Our studies show that chronic exposure to bile acids is a crucial factor in the development of autophagy resistance in BE. Such alterations allow for a consequential increase and accumulation of DNA damage in the esophageal cells due to inhibition of the normal processes meant to hinder the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.


Abstract : The backscatter of acoustic energy from the sea floor has been measured at acoustic frequencies of 34 kHz, 100 kHz and 205 kHz. Measurements made at several sites near Darwin are reported. Measurements were made as a function of grazing angle and azimuth. During the experiments site environmental measurements were made to characterise in detail the area of the acoustic measurements. The locations, equipment and techniques used during the measurements are described.


This study aimed to analyze the English subject in two vocational schools in Kota Langsa based on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach and how it was implemented in the classroom. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method. The two vocational schools involved in the research are Hotel Hospitality Management and Maritime Fishing Vessel Engineering. The data were gained from the teachers and students by conducting observation, interview, Focus Group Discusssion (FGD), and document analysis of syllabus and teaching materials. The data were analyzed by comparing the real condition of teaching-learning process and the ideal condition based on ESP approach. The finding showed that the two schools used General English (GE) frequently rather than ESP on English subject. Despite the common use of GE in these two schools, they had the option to adjust their English subject into ESP standard. One school had the ESP subject called English for Maritime and another school chose Mandarin subject as the option. As a result, the school only had GE for English subject. Thus, the English subject was taught and designed as English for General Purposes rather than English for Specific Purposes.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel method for efficiently inducing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into intestinal epithelial cells, and a use thereof. The differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into intestinal epithelial cells is induced by: a step in which induced pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into endoderm-like cells; a step in which the endoderm-like cells obtained at the aforementioned step are differentiated into intestinal stem cell-like cells; and a step in which the intestinal stem cell-like cells obtained at the aforementioned step are differentiated into intestinal epithelial cell-like cells, said step including culturing in the presence of EGF and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of MEK1 inhibitors, DNA methylation inhibitors, and TFGβ receptor inhibitors.


It is well known that elongated, streamwise oriented structures develop in boundary layers subjected to sufficiently high levels of free-stream turbulence. These streaks of spanwise alternating low and high streamwise velocity experience algebraic growth even for sub-critical Reynolds numbers and break down to turbulence when they reach a critical amplitude. A number of numerical studies have shown that the growth of non-modal disturbances is maximized when the initial disturbance has the form of streamwise aligned vortices. These optimal disturbances give rise to streamwise streaks with excellent agreement to experimentally measured disturbance profiles.


This paper describes Levels of conceptual interoperability model as the method and model towards enhancing interoperability among mobile apps. The LCIM is used in both descriptive and prescriptive form. In descriptive form LCIM is used to reduce the discrepancies in rating mobile apps based on content by suggesting a rating system that is completely based on interoperability. In the prescriptive form it acts as the guideline for app development, which allows us to produce apps with high level of interoperability.


We introduce the /spl alpha/-/spl kappa/-/spl mu/ shadowed (/spl alpha/-KMS) fading distribution as a natural generalization of the versatile /spl alpha/-/spl kappa/-/spl mu/ and /spl alpha/-/spl eta/-/spl mu/distributions. The /spl alpha/-KMS fading distribution unifies a wide set of fading distributions, as it includes the /spl alpha/-/spl kappa/-/spl mu/, /spl alpha/-/spl eta/-/spl mu/, /spl alpha/-/spl mu/, Weibull, /spl kappa/-/spl mu/ shadowed, Rician shadowed, /spl kappa/-/spl mu/ and /spl eta/-/spl mu/ distributions as special cases, together with classical models like Rice, Nakagami-m, Hoyt, Rayleigh and one-sided Gaussian. Notably, the /spl alpha/-KMS distribution reduces to a finite mixture of /spl alpha/-/spl mu/ distributions when the fading parameters /spl mu/ and m take positive integer values, so that performance analysis over /spl alpha/- KMS fading channels can be tackled by leveraging previous (existing) results in the literature for the simpler /spl alpha/-spl mu/ case. As application examples, important performance metrics like the outage probability and average channel capacity are analyzed


The regioselectivity comparable to those on moderately hindered Mn(TTMPP)Cl with NaOCl was found for the epoxidation of (R)-(+)-limonene, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, and 1-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene on mono-cobalt-substituted Keggin-type heteropolytungstate by molecular oxygen in the presence of aldehydes.


The study involved comparison of three proposed proficiency tests for a two-quarter introductory biology course. One of the tests was a nationally standardized examination; the other two were locally constructed. The three tests were administered as first course pretests and as posttests each quarter of the sequence. Course grades were determined independently of the proficiency test scores. The College Entrance Examination Board's College Placement Test for Biology (CEEB Biology) yielded the highest validity between pretest scores and first and second quarter grades. Posttest scores earned during both the first and second quarter on the locally constructed Berg-Miller Proficiency Examination (BMPE) were more highly correlated with final grade in both the first and second quarter than were posttest scores on either the CEEB Biology or the locally constructed Garoian Proficiency Examination (GPE).


The standard installation procedure for such meter stations includes a high-pressure calibration for both meters that normally should provide a "zero" difference between the readings. Even at proper station design in a few cases unacceptable deviations can be found directly after field installation of the meter. If there is not a simple reason, often the only appropriate measure is nowadays to check the high pressure calibration of the meters in an official laboratory. Even this extremely expensive and time consuming measure does not always guarantee success since possible installation effects will not be detected this way.


Background: The global prevalence of type I diabetes has been rising, with the current estimated incidence in Sudan of 10.1 per 100,000. Type I diabetes often develops in children, and their caregivers' knowledge about it is crucial in managing it and preventing complications. This study was conducted to assess Sudanese diabetic patients' caregivers regarding their children's condition. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among Sudanese caregivers of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus present to the outpatient of Jaafar Bin Auf Hospital, Ahmed Qasim Hospital, and Jabber AbuEla center from December 2021 to march 2022. Data was collected using a structured and tested questionnaire, then entered and analyzed using SPSS V 28. Results and Conclusion: Two hundred participants responded (response rate 83%), with females, predominating (n=144), Overall, the mean knowledge score of the participants was 57± 20 out of 100. More than half 52% (n=104) had fair knowledge about diabetes, nearly one-third 33.5% (n=67) had poor knowledge, and only 14.5% (n=29) had good knowledge about diabetes. Females had significantly higher knowledge scores than males (p-value 0.03), a significant difference between educational levels was found p-value 0.01), and a significant difference was found between those who received knowledge about diabetes and those who hadn't; with those who attended courses had the highest mean score (84± 26) followed by those who obtained knowledge from doctors (61± 19) (p-value 0.001). In conclusion the study found that Sudanese caregivers of diabetic children had a fair knowledge of Type 1 diabetes. Some areas of knowledge defect include diabetes symptoms, follow-up, and complications. Females, education, and receiving knowledge from courses and doctors were associated with good knowledge. Conduction of diabetes awareness programs with more focused approaches is recommended.


In this paper, as an example of the effects of g-jitter on fluid processes, the generation of mean solute transport during directional solidification as a result of oscillatory g-jitter is described. The frequency, amplitude and the spatial orientation of the acceleration vector all play an important role in determining the response of the system. For example, for residual accelerations where the acceleration oscillates about positive and negative of a fixed direction, the orientation of this direction relative to the density gradient determines whether a mean flow is generated in the system. The mean flow produces a mean compositional non-uniformity. Also, for sinusoidally oscillating accelerations, even when the mean flow is negligible, a mean compositonal non-uniformity will generally still arise whenever the phase difference, phi(sub v) - phi(sub D), between the oscillating velocity and composition fields is different from 90 deg.


: One of the central problems in graphene spintronics is the efficient injection and detection of spins in mesoscopic devices. To date, most of the studies in graphene spin devices use spin-sensitive contacts of Cobalt for injection and detection. However, due to its magnetic properties, Cobalt is prone to form magnetic domains and inhomogeneities, which makes it hard to control its magnetization orientation. This memoir presents a novel approach for spin injection and detection in graphene by material engineering of the ferromagnetic contacts. We have fabricated spin injector/detector contacts of a bilayer of Cobalt and Permalloy (NiFe). Our results demonstrate that Permalloy softens the magnetization reversal of the Cobalt/Permalloy bilayer while the insertion of a very thin layer of the Cobalt layer is essential for efficient spin injection/detection into graphene.


The suture technique for an anastomosis between a graft and artery is intended to produce a haemostatic suture line, leave the luminal surface of the anastomosis as smooth as possible and minimize the possibility of atheromatous plaque separating from the arterial wall during needle passage. These criteria are usually fulfilled by the conventional over-and-over continuous stitch which passes from the arterial lumen to the outside. When using a PTFEgraft, however, the relatively stiff tubular structure of the graft can make eversion of the graft edges difficult, especially at the heel of the anastomosis. Furthermore, with PTFE there is often persistent blood loss from suture holes in the graft material. We have found that a continuous horizontal mattress suture abolishes inversion of the graft edges and greatly reduces blood loss through suture holes. An arteriotomy is made in the vessel for anastomosis and the end of the PTFE graft trimmed to shape using a knife against a curved haemostat. The suture can begin at any point but for convenience we start at the heel of the graft with a mattress stitch, passing a double armed Prolene suture from the outside of the graft to the inside and then from the lumen of the artery back out. The suture continues as a horizontal mattress stitch along the farthest edge. Two points are important in achieving haemostasis: firstly, the outside loop must be longer than the corresponding bite on the opposite luminal surface and, secondly, tension in the suture should be controlled to give precise closure without a 'concertina' effect. At the tip of the


Caspian Development Corporation. Final implementation report. Presented to : World Bank, European Commission, and European Investment Bank. Cambridge MA : IHS CERA, December 2010, 155 p. Link to the report : http://ec.europa.eu/energy/infrastructure/studies/doc/2010_12_report_cdc_final_implementation.pdf The Caspian Development Corporation (CDC) is a concept that has been designed in order to enable Turkmenistan to sell large volumes of natural gas for delivery to Europe, helping to diversify...


Iron powder ring cores were fabricated from high purity reduced iron powders using epoxy resin as a binder.Effects of epoxy resin content, molding process and iron particle size distribution on the magnetic performance of the cores were investigated. The results show that iron powder core fabricated with the iron particle size of 50–150 μm and epoxy resin content accounted for 2% by mass of iron powders, pressed under a pressure of 400 MPa has good magnetic properties,whose μe(effective permeability) basically remaines stable at around 105 under an applied magnetic field of 400 A/m and an alternating current frequency of 30–110 k Hz. While using the same process, with the iron particle size of 50–75 μm, theμi(initial permeability) and μm(maximum permeability) of the prepared iron powder core are 83.1 and 238.1 under an applied magnetic field of 8 000 A/m, respectively.


The causes of crankcase explosions in large Diesel engines have been somewhat obscure, although it has been suspected that wristpins might be the principal source. This paper contains the results of a research undertaken to solve certain wristpin and piston difficulties in large marine Diesels which had experienced disastrous explosions of this nature. Experiments were carried out on slotted-end wristpins having 0.001 in. clearance in the piston bosses, for the purpose of studying the effects of different equivalent amounts of wristpin and boss interference on (a) piston deflections; (b) strained shape of the boss; (c) holding power in boss. The possibility is demonstrated that large wristpin deflections in fixed-end wristpins can cause excessive bearing pressures and temperatures, rupture of oil film, large skirt deflections, all of which constitute explosion hazards and may cause rupture of the piston skirt. It is suggested that these and other difficulties noted in the paper could be eliminated by the use of full-floating wristpins with suitable piston skirts.


The study on relationship between earthworm density and the development of soil environmental factors in the kaleyard and wasteland. It was studied by grey connected analyses. The primary and secondary factors of influencing the variation were founded out. The two grey mode was developed to detect the relationship among soil pH-value, moisture and temperature which depends on two ecology factors and earthworm density.


The continuing growth of the orbital debris population is now recognized world-wide as an environmental issue which must be better defined and addressed now to preserve near-Earth space for future generation. The distribution of the space debris in the LEO and the threaten of debris to the spacecrafts are introduced. Over the last decades, a number of technologies have been developed by the scientists for detection and measurement of the physical, chemical, and dynamical characteristics of dust and debris including (1) impact-plasma detection utilizing thick and ultra-thin targets; (2) charge induction in wires; (3) impact-induced discharge in a Metal-Oxide-Silicon (MOS) capacitor. In this report, A new methods was introduced, which employed a Polarized PolyVinyliDene Fluoride (PVDF) polymer film and fast electronic pulse techniques. The detector is intended to provide direct observations of space debris and interplanetary dust in the space, returning time resolved impact data, with approximate mass and velocity information. The advantages of ruggedness, no bias requirement, ease of large area sensor construction, and space reliability inherent in the PVDF dust sensors are well suited for a variety of dust and debris studies in space. The output of the fast electronic pulse techniques are used to analyze the mass of debris. Two sensors are placed in a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) telescope, which is used to measure the speed of the debris.


Newly sprouted American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seedlings were transplanted to forest pots with mycorrhizae-infested soil and grown in screenhouse for 2 years. Growth patterns, mortality rate and fresh root weight were investigated. Plants in VAM soil had lower mortality rales than control. In soils infested with two species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomu deseyicola, frappe, Bloss and Merge and G. intraradices, Schenck and Smith), 28-35% of plants produced 3-prongs in the second season and significantly increased fresh root weight by 41 to 43%.


The invention discloses an all-solid-state flexible sensitized solar cell and a preparation method thereof and relates to a film solar cell. The all-solid-state flexible sensitized solar cell is provided with a flexible transparent conductive plastic substrate, a TiO2 layer, a flexible nano porous film, a perovskite absorption layer, a hole transmission layer and a metallic electrode. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: preparing the TiO2 layer; preparing a flexible nano porous polysulfone film or a flexible nano porous polyethersulfone film; continuously coating a sensitizer CH3NH3X(I1-yBry)3 on the flexible nano porous polysulfone film or a flexible nano porous polyethersulfone film in a spinning manner, drying, coating the hole transmission layer in the spinning manner, plating the metallic electrode on the surface of the hole transmission layer in a thermal evaporation way, and encapsulating and obtaining the all-solid-state flexible sensitized solar cell. According to the invention, the defects of the traditional DSC (Dye-sensitized Solar Cell), such as leakage, volatilization, corrosion of electrolyte, are overcome.


Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a proven method of imaging the near subsurface. Most GPR interpretations rely on raw data records or records that have utilized standard seismic data processing packages. We have developed a method that will provide three-dimensional (3-D) images of the subsurface using geophysical diffraction tomography. The method described produces images of the subsurface for transmitting and receiving antennas on the surface at a fixed offset. The algorithm provides easily interpreted images and requires little specialized processing knowledge. These factors make it more useful than raw records and more usable than sophisticated migration techniques.


The present invention relates to a diaphragm spring valve which comprises a valve carrier (2) with a through-opening (20), a diaphragm spring (3; 4) with an inner sealing part (30), an outer supporting part (31) and a plurality of spring arms (32; 42) which connect the inner sealing part (30) to the outer supporting part (31), wherein the diaphragm spring (3; 4) is arranged on the valve carrier (2), and wherein the inner sealing part (30) closes or opens the through-opening (20) in the valve carrier, characterized in that, with the diaphragm spring valve in the closed state, the diaphragm spring (3; 4) is configured, by means of the plurality of the spring arms (32; 42), to exert a prestress on the inner sealing part (30) in order to close the through-opening (20). The present invention further relates to a diaphragm spring which is designed as a deformation diaphragm spring with plastically deformed spring arms (42).


between 900 and 100 B.C., demonstrated. The linguistic problems of the region are touched upon and the presence of Indo-European and non-Indo-European language speakers sharing a common material inheritance used to show that dubious equations between languages and artefacts must be abandoned. Finally the Celtic invasions, their containment, and conquest, are described showing that even Celts cannot be identified here by 'La Tene' type artefacts. The book deserves a better index. With six volumes of this series devoted to Italy, it is well covered, and perhaps we may look forward to studies of Germany and Austria. J. ALEXANDER


Synopsis: In Asian megacities, not only climate change but also heat island phenomena are expected to pose air temperature increase. Therefore, effective adaptation measures to alleviate health damage caused by temperature increase are becoming more crucial. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of air conditioner on health damages using disability-adjusted life year(DALY)and considering an adverse effect from temperature increase accompanied by exhaust heating from outdoor units and uncertainty of the effect caused by interannual variability in temperature in Jakarta, Indonesia. Health damages to be assessed were sleep disturbance and fatigue. By increasing the usage rate of air conditioners, it was estimated that the DALY reduction per person per month in August of the average temperature year is 2.48 × 10 - 4 years for sleep disturbance, 1.43 × 10 - 5 years for fatigue, and totally 2.62 × 10 - 4 years. It corresponded with 29.8% reduction from the present situation. The effect of interannual variability in temperature was not large, which was 7.94 × 10 - 5 years at most. Air conditioner will be one of effective adaptations throughout the year considering small monthly variability in temperature and the residents'thermal perception.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the profitability of 17 banks in Angola between 2010 and 2016, as low profitability weakens the ability and willingness of banks to finance the wider economy.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper conducts panel data analysis, using two measures of profitability: the return on average assets and the return on average equity. Several control variables were included concerning both bank-specific and macroeconomic characteristics which have not been considered in previous studies.

Findings
The authors conclude that several independent variables have an impact which is different from expected, especially regarding ownership, which shows positive statistically significant effect on banks' profitability.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to examine determinants of banks' profitability in Angola, both internal and external, which have not been considered in previous studies.


Hybrid composite friction material based on ternary combination of potassium titanate whiskers, alumino-silicate ceramic fibers, and aramid fibers were fabricated and evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and tribo-performance. The frictional response, friction-fade, friction-recovery, and wear properties have been characterized on a Krauss friction tester following ECE R-90 regulation. Optimally, the composite with hybrid reinforcement incorporations in the form of ceramic-whiskers, ceramic-fiber, and aramid-fiber in the ratio of 13.75 : 13.75 : 2.5 has potentially been explored as a functionally feasible friction-material for braking applications. The interdependence of fade, recovery, disc temperature rise, and wear characteristics is established via thematic correlation diagram. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


This study aims to determine the effect of education, income per capita, age and knowledge on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera. This study uses secondary data in the form of cross section data of urban West Sumatera. Data obtained from BPS- Susenas West Sumatera. This study uses logistic regression analysis. The result of this study indicate that (1) education has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (2) income per capita has not significant effect on waste management  in urban areas West Sumatera (3) age has not significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera (4) knowledge has a significant effect on waste management in urban areas West Sumatera


In this paper,the literature about consumer research of organic food is reviewed firstly to establish theory model of organic food purchase decision,then using the correlation method and Logit model analysis the survey data about urban consumer consumption of organic vegetable.The result shows that consumer education,income,knowledge about organic food,food safety demand,perceived value and the attitude to organic food are main influencing factors during organic food purchase decision.


The paper provides knowledge on the relationship between enterprise profile and microenterprise growth at Kamukunji. A correlational survey research design meets the objective of the study. The sample includes 354 micro-enterprises selected by systematic sampling from KamukunjiJua Kali Association membership register. Data were collected using structured questionnaire, observation guide and field notes. Independent variables include category, age, type of business, priority growth goal, and sources of funds. Dependent variable contains growth in sales, employees, departments, and divisions. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentages, standard deviation, cross tabulation and non-parametric analysis of variance tests the relationship between


Obesity and metabolic syndrom are characterized by dislipidemia. One of methods that is performed to increase body fat contents is by intaking of high-fat diet. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of a dietary intake of high-fat on the lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triacylglycerol) in white rat (Rattus norvegicus). This research was tested on 30 white rats that were divided into 2 randomized groups, and were treated for 4 weeks. Group 1 (K1) : was treated with standard diet, (K2) : with standard and high-fat diet. The results showed that intaking high-fat diet in creases the total cholesterol content, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, and decreases HDL cholesterol content.


[1] Statistics of ice cloud macrophysical and optical properties from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite are compared with those from ground-based lidar observations over a 31 month period. Ground-based lidar observations are taken from the micropulse lidars (MPL) at the three Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) tropical western pacific (TWP) sites: Manus, Nauru and Darwin. CALIPSO observations show a larger cloud fraction at high altitudes while the ground-based MPLs show a larger cloud fraction at low altitudes. The difference in mean ice cloud top and base heights at the Manus and Nauru sites are all within 0.51 km, although differences are statistically significant. Mean ice cloud geometrical thickness agree to within 0.05 km at the Manus and Nauru sites. Larger differences exist at Darwin due to excessive degradation of the MPL output power during our sampling period. Both sets of observations show thicker clouds during the nighttime which may be real but could also be partially an artifact of the decreased signal-to-noise ratio during the daytime. The number of ice cloud layers per profile are also shown to be consistent after accounting for the difference in spatial resolution. For cloud optical depths, four different retrieval methods are compared, two for each set of observations. All products show that the majority of ice cloud optical depths (∼60%) fall below an optical depth of 0.2. For most comparisons all four retrievals agree to within the uncertainty intervals. We find that both CALIPSO retrievals agree best to ground-based optical depths when the lidar ratio in the latter is retrieved instead of set to a fixed value. Also thoroughly compared is the cloud properties for the subset of ice clouds which reside in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL).


All the bank marketing campaigns mostly deals with large amount of data. when they need to deal with huge electronic data of customers, then it is very difficult to analyze the data manually or by human analyst. Here comes the picture of data mining techniques to deal with the large amount of data and to come up with useful data which helps in decision making process. All the data mining techniques helps in analyzing the data. some of the techniques that can be used for this bank marketing campaigns are naive bayes, logistics regression technique and Decision tree model technique etc. among all these techniques decision Tree model gives the best solution in analyzing the human decisions. Artificial neural networks is a learning algorithm which learns from multiple individual decisions and their judgements, thus aggregates and generalizes the customers decision making knowledge.


The significant impact of health foodservice operations on the total operational cost of the hospital sector has increased the need to improve the efficiency of these operations. Although important studies on the performance of foodservice operations have been published in various academic journals and industrial reports, the findings and implications remain simple and limited in scope and methodology. This paper investigates two popular methodologies in the efficiency literature: Bayesian "stochastic frontier analysis" (SFA) and "data envelopment analysis" (DEA). The paper discusses the statistical advantages of the Bayesian SFA and compares it with an extended DEA model. The results from a sample of 101 hospital foodservice operations show the existence of inefficiency in the sample, and indicate significant differences between the average efficiency generated by the Bayesian SFA and DEA models. The ranking of efficiency is, however, statistically independent of the methodologies.


Retrofitting of existing steel lattice towers has become an important area in the transmission and communication tower industry for the last two decades. Various strengthening methods are being utilised by engineers, with leg reinforcement being one of the most common methods. However, even though it has been used in practice for some time, there has been little research done into its effectiveness. To enable a better understanding of the effectiveness of the leg reinforcing method, a research project has been carried out. A non-linear finite element model (FEM) has been developed and calibrated by comparing the results with those obtained from the experiments. In this paper, the verified FEM is further simplified and extended to model reinforced multi-panel behaviour. The effectiveness of the leg reinforcing method, the effect of various brac-ing patterns and the minimum number of leg reinforcement to achieve 100% capacity increment are the key factors investigated in the model.


Based on the ASHRAE-RP-459 external-melt math model,a simplified equation was put forward and the experiment platform to validate this simplified model according to the operational data of one engineering project was built.Then,the linear change regularity of ice radius along with the time in thermal storage was improved.


We conducted our study in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the General Hospital Daniel A. Carrion (Callao) in the last five days, a total of 8,640 patients, found 90 cases of "Salpingitis Tuberculosa" confirmed by pathological examination. The incidence was 1.04%.


By linking 107038 infant death records with live-birth records information is provided that relates infant mortality rates to age of mother total-birth order and illegitimacy by sex color and age at death of infant. Through matching birth certificates with corresponding death certificates individual records rather than grouped data are studied and more accurate and consistent results are produced. Rates were computed on a per 1000 scale by dividing the number of matched records by the number of live births in 1960. The mortality rate for male infants exceeded that for females by 30%. The mortality rate for all other infants was about double that for white infants. The relative differences were greater during the postneonatal period (28 days-11 months) 2.8 to 1.0 than during the neonatal period 1.6 to 1.0. Chances of survival during the 1st year of life were better for infants born to mothers aged 20-34 years than for those born to mothers of other ages and better for infants of low birth order than for infants of high birth order. Also confirmed was the traditionally high mortality rate of infants during the 1st days and weeks of life. 40% of the infant deaths occurred during the 1st day after birth and 65% during the 1st week. Infant mortality rates for illegitimate births were 1.5 times greater than those for all infants in the cohort; the mortality rate was higher for illegitimate white infants. Hypothetically if all infants has been born within categories of maternal age and birth order having most favorable rtes for white infants an estimated 28000 fewer deaths would have occurred and the infant mortality rate would have been 18/1000 live births rather than 25.


When I read the Handbook of Group Communication Theory and Research, I had two somewhat different reactions. As a social scientist, I found this an excellent source book, which provided under a single cover a well-organized review of the topics described in the title. As a group practitioner and teacher, I experienced this book as being of little use to anyone who wanted to know specifics on how to run groups or approach group practice. Because my two reactions were so disparate, I was forced to provide essentially two reviews–a relatively positive one for those interested in understanding the empirical basis of small group phenomena and one less so for practitioners. The stated purpose of this book is as ''a central resource . . . that attempts to document and synthesize the work done in the group communication field'' (Introduction, p. x). As an attempt to create a synthesis of the empirical research, this book self-identifies itself as following in the footsteps of classic texts, for example Cartwright and Zander's Group Dynamics (1968). The text is divided into six areas of scholarship, with chapters authored by different individuals, including: (1) foundations of group communication, (2) individuals and group communication, (3) task and relational group communication, (4) group communication processes, (5) group communication facilitation, and (6) group communication contexts and applications. The organization of the book is sensible, given its purpose.


This article is trying to reinterpret the principle and mechanism hidden in Double-slit experiment in a more comprehensible view, and demonstrate a new perspective, which could better explain existent phenomena, partially reconcile the divergence between Quantum Theory and Relativity Theory, and cautiously forecast possible relevant application direction.


Body acceleration and slip velocity effects towards the dispersion of solute in Casson blood flow through a stenosed artery is investigated mathematically. Momentum and constitutive equations are solved analytically to obtain the blood velocity. Convective-diffusion equation is solved using Generalized Dispersion Model to obtain dispersion function and mean concentration of solute. A study has been conducted on how body acceleration and slip velocity disturb the dispersion of a solute in blood flow. With the increase of slip velocity and body acceleration, blood velocity increases. The impact of body acceleration on blood flow is to increase flow rate while lowering resistance to flow. Casson fluid is a suitable fluid model to examine the blood velocity and drug transport to the targeted problematic region through a narrow artery for the treatment of arterial diseases. The findings of the present study can be beneficial for pharmaceutical research to design better drug by referring mathematical analysis data that produced in this study.


The challenges associated with understanding Climate Change (CC) and subsequent socio-technical solutions stem from the complexity and uncertainties inherent within the mechanisms, magnitudes and temporal nature of the environment. Modelling & Simulation (M&S) has flourished as an enabling technology providing insight into the intricacies of Climate Change as well as facilitating understanding regarding the social and ecological implications of these changes. In addition, M&S has been instrumental in influencing decision making across many domains. The application of M&S to garner understanding of complex environmental behaviour often predicates the requirement to integrate various models and simulations. High Level Architecture (HLA) is a software architecture for constructing distributed simulations. It facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules making it a very attractive option for M&S applications such as that within the CC domain. As the impact of the application of M&S transcends the 'virtual world', the danger of adverse effects of erroneous or unsuitable models or simulation results also increases. The application of Verification and Validation (V&V) of models and simulation results are intended to ensure that only correct and suitable models and simulation results are used. Although individual models may have been V&V, there integration within an HLA framework may result in a simulation behaviour that yields inaccurate results and thereby creates a condition such that decisions and actions would be based on invalid results. Under the auspices of the NATO Modelling and Simulation Group (NMSG) 19 and Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) Product Development Group (PDG), a VV&A overlay for the HLA Federation Development and Execution Process (FEDEP) in accordance with IEEE 1516.3 has been developed. This paper presents the key concepts of this VV&A overlay. The results of this paper are far reaching in terms of how we conduct VV&A activities within an HLA environment thereby shaping engineering and policy decisions.


In this paper, we analyze the impact of superframe order on the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA. A new analytic model to evaluate the saturation throughput is proposed. The new model describes slot time behaviors of the IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA. The proposed model is validated via the comparison with ns-2 simulation results.


False spider mites (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) as pests on orchids (Phalaenopsis hybrids) in Poland So far, no false spider mites have been reported from orchids in Poland. This paper provides information about Tenuipalpus pacificus Baker, which was recorded for the first time in Poland, on Phalaenopsis hybrids imported from China. Diagnostic characters are also given for Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), which was up to this time not found on orchids in Poland. It was earlier found on orchids only in Hawaii. The types of injuries caused by false spider mites and results of chemical control of T. pacificus with various acaricides are given. The best results were observed after repeated treatment with Ortus 05 SC (fenpyroximate).


The increasing demand for data center services results in increased energy consumption in data centers. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency in the cooling process in data centers is unavoidable. Microchannel heat sinks are employed for electronic component cooling in data centers. This work aims to improve the thermal performance of bifurcated microchannels at reduced pumping power consumption. In this regard, the thermo-hydraulic performance of a microchannel with a decreasing-height bifurcation plate (DHBP) is examined. Results showed that the microchannel with DHBP outperforms the microchannel with a constant-height bifurcation plate (CHBP) in terms of the average heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the pressure drop penalty of the DHBP microchannel is the same as that of the CHBP microchannel. This study confirms that decreasing the bifurcation plate height in the flow direction enhances the thermal performance of the bifurcated microchannel heat sink at a constant pumping power.


Introduction C ongenital aortic stenosis is categorized as subvalvular, valvular and supravalvular forms. Aside from coarctation of aorta, supravalvular obstraction is an extremely uncommon entity in adults. Two other types of subvalvular aortic stenosis are discrete form and the fibromuscular type. Together, these lesions account for less than 20% of all cases of left ventricular outflow obstruction in children and both are uncommon in adult patients. Association between discrete subaortic stenosis and other sub aortic anomalies is a well known but rarely reported occurrence.1 Fixed subaortic stenosis may be due to a discrete fibrous membrane, a muscular narrowing, or a combination of the both. The obstruction may be focal, as a discrete membrane, or more diffuse, resulting in a tunnel leading to left ventricle. The discrete form of fibromuscular subaortic stenosis is most frequently encountered (90%),2 but tunnel type lesions are associated with a greater degree of stenosis. The prevalence of discrete sub aortic stenosis in adult with congenital heart disease is 6.5%.2 A bicuspid aortic valve is present in 23% of patients.3 When a tunnel type of subaortic stenosis coexists with hypoplasia and narrowing of the LV aortic junction, aortoventriculoplasty (Konno operation) is the reasonable procedure using the modification described by Misbach and Ebert and others.4-6


Express Mail Service (EMS) is the most competitive one of the post services. Price competition is the core of market competition and so for EMS. In this paper, we calculate the coefficient of demand elasticity and then put forward the price strategy for EMS to increase its competitive power.


Thus, 9/11 was a traumatic event, directly for the US and vicariously for others. The US, despite bcing the richest and militarily the most powerful state in the worldthe sole super power-found itself a victim of a terrorist-inflicted catastrophe of unprecedented proportions. The intelligence and physical security apparatus of the most powerful state in the world found itself momentarily overwhelmed with shock and grief by a non-state actor, whose strength lay not in its military prowess, but in its ability to operate stealthily and plan and execute the most irrational act of killing thousand of innocent civiiians, in a dramatically synchronised precision operation. This was made possible by the failure to take seriously in time the capacity for evil of


9 Here we characterize the poor thermal stability of a common electrolyte using IR-, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy in two different setups. We focus on identifying the instantaneous decomposition products during heating in an open system, and the initial decomposition products that occur in a closed system under storage at elevated temperatures during the first 16 h. In each case, an immediate decomposition route is suggested and the effect of commonly used additives, such as vinylene carbonate (VC) and propargyl methane sulfonate (PMS), 10 is investigated in the closed system. The instantaneous reaction products of LiPF6/DMC and LiPF6/EC:DMC solutions are probed during heating in an open system with the TGA-FTIR technique. The TGA provides the gravimetrical changes while the FTIR spectra in principle simultaneously map the gaseous species evolved during the heating procedure. No CO2 is detected that could indicate polymerization of the solvents during the thermal abuse. Simple solvent evaporation and thermally driven PF6 − self-dissociation are observed. 11 Furthermore, a dry closed system of carefully flame- sealed LiPF6/EC:DMC is stored at 85 °C and studied with Raman spectroscopy and 1 H- , 31 P- , and 19 F-NMR for 160 h. The effect of VC and PMS used as additives, separately or in combination, is investigated with respect to thermal stability. Both experimental techniques are used to discuss the immediate decomposition routes in the pure system and in the system with different additives that undergo clear visible changes (Figure 1). The results show similar decomposition products at altered times indicating different decomposition reaction rates within the first 16 hours. References:


The coexistence issues between UWB and WiMAX systems at 3.5GHz frequency band has been recently attached much attention. For investigating the potential interference of ultra-wideband (UWB) on a WiMAX system, an analysis method based on the physical layer modeling was presented. The physical layer models of impulse radio (IR) UWB, multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplex (MB-OFDM) UWB and WiMAX systems were both set up based on the physical specifications of each system. Moreover, two realistic UWB channel models in indoor environment were adopted for numerical performance derivations. According to the requirement of bit error rate (BER) and the receiver sensibility of WiMAX, a reference value of UWB emission power limit was obtained at 3.5GHz operating band of WiMAX. Since we take full consideration of the entire physical structures and technical characteristics of UWB and WiMAX systems, as well as the actual multipath propagations of UWB, our numerical technique thoroughly reflects the effect of real systems and provides an effective solution for coexistence analysis between UWB and other vulnerable system.


IMPLICATIONS
A new combined ear sensor was tested for accuracy in 20 critically ill children. It provides noninvasive and continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation, arterial carbon dioxide tension, and pulse rate. The sensor proved to be clinically accurate in the tested range.


Valerius Maximus' speaks of the world as but now his, and Lucan2 calls him domitor mundi. Manilius3 emphasizes the same two facts: Pompeiusque orbis domitor per trisque triumphos ante deum4 princeps,. and he again5 unites them as follows: et tris emenso meritos ex orbe triumphos. Indeed, in Pompey's third triumph, after all the other trophies "came one huge one, decked out in costly fashion and bearing an inscription stating that it was a trophy of the inhabited world."6 It is clear, therefore, in the first place that the association of three triumphs with Pompey was a very common one, so much so, indeed, that a reference to the triply triumphant readily identified him. In the second place, the fact that the three triumphs were celebrated for victories over the three continents evidently made a profound impression. And, finally, since the three triumphs were gained from the three continents of the earth, it became easily possible to conceive of Pompey as the conqueror of the entire world, MONROE E. DEUTSCH 1UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA


The mast cell tumor is described as the second most common skin neoplasm in cats, but in Brazil we found few reports in this species. The aim of the study is to report a case of cutaneous mast cell tumor in an eight years, male, short hair Brazilian feline attended at the Dermatology Service of the Veterinary Hospital of the University Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro that had a single nodule, erythematosus, alopecic and ulcerated in the left supraorbital region. Cytological examination revealed the presence of a lot of well-differentiated neoplastic mast cells. The animal was taken to the surgical removal of the nodule. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mast cell tumor. It is concluded that cytology is an important tool for the diagnosis of this neoplasm in cats and that surgery is the preferred therapy.


According to LTE underlying layer protocol,the random access procedure is designed,specific issues involved in the design are studied,including computation of PRACH frequency resources,response information receiving,uplink transmission timing control as well as handling abnormal situations and program design.The corresponding design flow is given.And the MSC (Message Sequence Chart) is produced using SDL(Specification and Description Language) and TTCN(Tree Tabular Combined Notation) co-simulation.The simulation result shows that the design meets the conformance requirement of specification.


The residual thermoelectricity, obtained by heating a small portion of thin metallic wires such as nickel, had been previously investigated by Terada and Tsutsuil), and it was found that the variation of emf. along the wire shows some correlation with the very slight variation in the sectional diameter of the wire, but this latter variation does not seem to be the direct cause of such thermoelectric phenomena. Moreover, a slight coating and polishing on its surface are found to have some astonishing effects on the character of the thermoelectricity of this kind. The present experiments were begun with an intention of investigating the effects proper of the geometrical form of the cross section ofwire on one hand and those of the thin surface layer on theother. To avoid so-called internal strain of the conductor, Hg was employed, for which C. Benedicks had already declared the existence of " Benedicks Effect "with the aid of his " Drosselkreuz " method2). Hg was poured into a capillary tube of ordinarysoda glass, with an inner diameter of about 0.4 mm. and 50 cm. long, of which a small portion was heated symmetrically with a small furnace specially devised for this purpose. To prevent amalgamation, iron electrodes were dipped into Hg and connected with copper wire to a galvanometer with a sensitivity of 10volt per scale division. Junctions of metals of different kinds were kept at constant temperature by wrapping thickly with cotton wool, which was found to besuperior to streaming water for the present purpose. At first, readings were taken at everyl em. of the position of the heater along Hg column. Emf., such as previously observed inthe case of metallic wire, were irregular andvaried from one experiment to another. But, in all these experiments the amount of fluctuations of emf. along a Hg capillary column seemed to diminish gradually as the experiments were repeated with the same Hg column. It was suspected that such an emf. may be due to some agencies depending on the condition of


Objective:To compare the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine and pure Western medicine on trichomonas and gonococcus mixed infection urethritis.Methods:A total of 42 cases of mixed urethritis patients were enrolled from June 2009 to July 2012.They were randomly divided into 2 groups,and there were 21 patients in each group.Patients in the study group received aztreonam 0.5g intravenously two times per day and Long dan xie gan decoction,while control group received aztreonam 1.0 g intravenously two times per day,plus tinidazole 0.15 g orally three times per day.Time to cure and cure rates were compared between the two groups.Results: After 4-day treatment,integration group had a cure rate of 95.24% compared with the cure rate of 38.10% in the control group(P0.05).Conclusions: Treatment for trichomonas and gonococcus mixed infection urethritis by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has its advantages,with a shorter time to cure,a higher cure rate and a lower dose of antibiotics.


The article is an attempt to show the role of the u nderground garrison of the Home Army in Rzeszów during the German occupation of 1939-1944. T he garrison's preparations and tasks related to the general uprising plan in the Union o f Armed Struggle-the Home Army Inspectorate of Rzeszów were reconstructed. The main tasks re ulting from the planned mobilization and so-called reconstruction of the armed forces we re also presented, i.e. some attempts to form regular Polish Army troops referring to the tr adition from before September 1939. The detailed arrangements for the Rzeszów garrison resul ting from orders of the Supreme Commander from London were described, but also nationa l command structures of the Home Army which also included the reconstruction of barr acks and other military institutions and facilities. The organization and structure of the u nderground Rejuvenation Commission of Supplements, quartermaster services as well as garr i on hospitals were presented. The authors assessed the mobilization, but also the combat oppo rtunities, of the HA Inspectorate of Rzeszów as a part of the general uprising and later the "Burza" campaign. The text also provides a description of the real state of reconstruc tion of the armed forces and formation of the so-called large units of the Home Army infantry d ivisions, cavalry brigades, infantry regiments on the basis of regular military units in t he summer of 1944. The issue of the armed disclosure of the Home Army forces in September 194 4 was also discussed, which referred to the plan for the reconstruction of the armed for ces.


A versatile signal model for a linear multiuser receiver in CDMA system is proposed. Based on the model, the optimal linear multiuser receiver problem is equivalent to the optimal weight vector design problem. Then the optimal solution according the linear constrained minimum variance (LCMV) criterion is deduced. The theoretical analysis and computer simulation demonstrate that the optimal receiver in this paper is the organic combination of a conventional RAKE receiver and multiuser detector, but its performance is superior to any linear multiuser receivers based on the RAKE receiver followed a linear multiuser detector.


Introduction: It is a well known fact that diverse nutritional issues are associated with advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer (HNSCC). In addition to poor nutrition, varying degrees of immunocompromisation has been noted in these patients and hence is important to study malnutrition and systemic immunity together. Aim: To determine correlation between nutritional status and systemic immunity in patients being treated for HNSCC. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Cancer Research Institute (CRI) Dehradun, India for a period of 30 months (December 2018 and June 2021). A total of 159 HNSCC patients planned for treatment, were enrolled in the study. Data was collected pre-and posttreatment for disease based on the parameters- Performance Status (PS), nutritional status (weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and haemoglobin. Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) Score and systemic immunity {Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR)} were measured too. Analysis was planned for node negative (N-) and node positive (N+) groups. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check for normality of data, parametric and non parametric tests were used for association, Cochran's and Mantel-Haenszel Statistic was used to calculate Risk Ratio (RR), Pearson's and Spearman's coefficient test was used to assess the correlation. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 159 patients were analysed, 72 in N- and 87 in N+ group. Mean age was 56.3±13.27 years, 142 (89.3%) patients were males, 57 (35.8%) patients were cT1/2, 97 (61%) cT3/4 and 5 (3.2%) cTx stage, 146 (92%) were PS 0-2 and 104 (65.4%) received multi-modality treatment. In pretreatment, malnutrition was found in 75 (47.2%) patients and median NLR was 3 (range 1-37). In N+ patients, median NLR was significantly higher in patients with ≥10% pretreatment weight loss, low MUAC and high SGA score pretreatment; in N- patients this association was present with only PS. A mild but statistically significant linear correlation was found for NLR with % pretreatment weight loss, BMI, haemoglobin; moderate correlation with weight, MUAC and SGA score in N+ group, but not in N- group. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status was significantly associated with raised NLR in node positive HNSCC patients with mild to moderate correlation, but this was not found in the node negative group.


It is shown that for ..gamma.. ..-->.. 8..pi.. a rich spectrum of particles appears in the Sine-Gordon model, and the soliton scattering matrix is a discontinuous function of the coupling.


Our implementation and experiment settings are based on those of ALFA [1]. In all the experiments, The network architecture is 4 convolutional blocks [9] followed by a fully connected layer. Each block consists of a convolutional layer with 3×3 kernel, a batch normalization layer, a ReLU activation function, and a 2×2 max-pooling layer. The dimension of the context parameters and the dimension of the intermediate features in gφ are both 100. The dimension of the outputs of gφ is same as the number of convolution layers in the backbone. In Qi, each class contains 15 samples. None of the data-augmentation methods are used in training. The batch size B is 4 for 1-shot and 2 for 5-shot. We optimize the model in the inner-loop for 5 steps and set the learning rates α, β, and η to be 0.01, 1.0, 0.001, respectively. Adam [6] is used as the meta-optimizer in outer-loop. Our model is trained for 50,000 iterations on miniImageNet and 125,000 iterations on tieredImageNet. An ensemble of models, whose ranks are top 5 in terms of meta-validation accuracy, is evaluated on 600 tasks from meta-test set. We run 3 independent runs with 3 different seeds and report the average results.


Summary Forty normal adult sera were analyzed by one-dimensional TLC. The averages in mg/100 ml were: α-tocopherol, 0.916; combined β + γ-tocopherols, 0.133. No δ-tocopherol was found. The procedure was checked by comparing with GLC analyses and also with 2-dimensional TLC.


Objective To explore changes of blood cell parameters in alcohol-induced mental disorders,so as to provide a monitoring parameter for alcohol-induced mental disorders.Methods 120 cases of healthy people and 113 cases of alcohol-induced mental disorders were selected in our hospital from February 2011 to August 2013,the 113 cases of alcohol-induced mental disorders were taken to be research group,and the 120 cases of healthy people were taken to be control group.Then blood cell parameters were measured by Mindray BC-6800 Automated Hematology Analyzer,and then the results of the both groups were analyzed and compared.Results There were significant difference of RBC,Hb,HCT,PLT,MPV,LYMPH#,MCV、MCH、RDW、NEUT# and MONO# between alcohol-induced mental disorders and healthy people,and there were no statistically significant difference in MCHC and WBC between two groups.Conclusion MCV and MCHC level can be used as a monitoring parameter for alcohol-induced mental disorders.


Introduction The ability of force platform measures to predict falls remains unclear. However, certain aspects of force platform data may have predictive value for subsequent falls (1). Control of posture is also related to attention and, therefore, this parameter should be considered in testing protocols of postural control (2). Objective The aim of this study is to determine the influence of dual tasking on postural balance in elderly and whether these tasks can discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. Methods Two-legged stance postural sway was measured in 223 elderly (mean 74 ± 7.8 yrs; 40male, 183female) performing a postural task only and a combined postural & cognitive task. Both tasks were tested under two conditions; with and without peripheral vision (opaque goggles). An AMTI Accusway forceplate was used to measure the movement of the body centre of mass projection on the force plate. Parameters were the maximum displacement and the rootmean-square amplitude in the medial-lateral (ML, SDML) and anterior-posterior (AP, SDAP) direction from the centroid. Intervention: Not applicable. Results From the total sample 42 individuals were categorised as being multiple fallers (>1 fall), 50 were one time fallers and 131 non-fallers. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the test conditions with and without vision; in both the single task AP(p<0.0001), SDAP (p<0.0001), and the dual task AP(p<0.01). Repeated measurement ANOVA revealed main effects of tasks for variable AP (Pillai's Trace = 62.5; P<0.0001) and SDAP (Pillai's Trace = 51.4 ; p<0.0001) . Bonferroni Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences between non-fallers and multiple fallers AP(p=0.003), SDAP (p=0.002) and between one time fallers and multiple fallers AP(p=0.041), SDAP (p=0.03). Discussion/Conclusion The maximum displacement of movement of the body centre of mass projection and root-mean-square amplitude in anterior-posterior direction showed significant differences between conditions. Furthermore differences between multiple fallers and non-fallers were observable. Future prospective studies should investigate the discrimininative and prognostic relevance of this finding in a prospective study design in elderly fall risk populations. References 1. Piirtola M, Era P. Force platform measurements as predictors of falls among older people – a review. Gerontology. 2006;52(1):1-16. 2. Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research.Gait Posture. 2002 Aug;16(1):1-14.


Abstract: Advances in computer technology, the development of GIS application software, and the ability to access various geographic data through open-source data sources have allowed police and law enforcement agencies to use it effectively. Crime mapping and spatial analysis using GIS tools such as hotspot generation, zoning, crime navigation and profiling, mobile location recognition, and various web applications are clearly recognized and can be scientifically applied to improve citizenship while being effectively used to predict and control crime. The present study analyzed the trends and patterns of crime data (murder, rape, robbery, theft, kidnapping, engraving, and gambling) in Ajmer Zone from 2015–2022 (till October) to understand the trends of crime data (IPC crime registered). I also used the demographic data of Ajmer to understand crime trends towards various crime types The study focused on the most common crimes reported, which were theft and gambling, as opposed to murder, rape, kidnapping, and robbery. All crimes were reported in 1,009 incidents in 2015. In 2016, 1,064 cases were recorded. In 2017, 1081 cases were reported. In 2018, 1034 cases were reported. In 2019, 1415 cases were reported. In 2020, 829 cases were reported. In 2011, 1120 cases were reported. In 2022, 1268 cases were reported. The highest number of cases occurred in 2017, 2019, and 2022, and the lowest number of cases occurred in 2015 and 2016. According to the crime study for 2015–2022 (till October), I found that many areas where crime is increasing or that are crime hotspots are found every year.


Quality control of integrated circuits using pattern recognition is usually carried out in a controlled environment. Colored pigments on the serial numbers of chips cause variations of intensity of the reflected light. So there is a need for methods to detect targets independently of the illumination. We apply a technique that yields correlation peaks that are invariant under a linear transformation of object intensity, for the detection of chips on integrated circuits. The method can identify the chip, detect if the chips are present or absent, if it is the wrong chip and if it is placed and oriented correctly.


The United States has built a unique service sector which is based on a unique industrial sector which is based on a unique mining sector. Harm any one of these three vital parts of our nation and you jeopardize the standard of living and future prospects of all our citizens. Now, the world economy is in the midst of a substantial and widespread upswing. In light of this positive outlook, the U.S. mining industry faces two primary threats: increased competition with international, overseas counterparts and the U.S. government's tendency to handicap American business via taxation, regulation, and intervention.


The Charophyta have been frequently the object of study of the appearance of streaming of protoplasm, yet the fundamental questions regarding their physiology remained almost wholly untouched. The Charophyta, biologically, represent a fairly devel oped type among the Thallophyta. Regarding nutrition they remind us of higher plants because of the presence of rhizoids. According to Bi e r b e r g 's investigations the rhizoids not only perform the function of fixations, but also the main function of nutrition. The nutritive materials are — to our knowledge — not yet analysed. Occasional observations only have been made so far, namely: that the growth of Charophyta varies in different soils (M ig u la , E rn s t) . We know just as little about the external factors of the growth of the Charophyta such as light and temperature. Only lately K a r l Fug investigated the activity of light. From observation in nature we know the great influence1 of light upon the growth and fructification of Charophyta. . The few investigations on Charophyta led to some preliminary fundamental experiments with Charophyta. The following questions were put: 1. How will Charophyta absorbe nutritive materials? Are the rhizoids the only organs of absorbtion or is the surface of thallus performing the same function? 2. What is the growth of Charophyta in differing soils? 3. What is the relation of the Charophyta to the light factor? In what way does light influence the growth of the vege tative organs and their propagation? 4. What is1 the/ relation of the Charophyta to mineral nutrition? Which mineral nutritive material is indispensable to Charo phyta?