Theanalysi sof extensiveair shower (EAS) datadependsstrongl y on simulationsof theair shower development in theatmosphere . Themost critical point are thehadroni c interaction model sused in shower simulation codes for energies far above collider energies. The investigation of the hadroni c component of EAS allows a detailed study of interaction models. Using several obser vables of thisair shower component asobser ved with the KASCADE hadron calorimeter a comparison between measurement s and simulations is presented . The program CORSIKA with the hadroni c model s QGSJET, VENUS, and SIBYLL has been used for the shower simulation. It turns out that QGSJET describes themeasurement s best followed by the model VENUS. 1 Proem: To investigat e cosmi c rays in the PeV region and above one is forced to obser ve extensive air showers induced in theatmosphere . To interpret thesecondar y particlesat ground level themeasure d dataarecompared with results from MonteCarlo calculations, describing thedevelopment of theEASin theatmospher e and the individual detectors. The interactions of the secondar y particles in the detector s at ground level are well known from collider experiments. Morecomplex is thedescription of thehigh energy hadroni c interactions of theprimary particles with the air nuclei and the production of secondar y particles at energies above today's collider energies. Many phenomenologica l model s have been developed to reproduce the experimental results. Extrapolations to higher energies, to smal angles, and to nucleus–nucleu s collisions have been performed under different theoretical assumptions . Many EAS experiment s have used specific model s to determine the primary energy and to extract information about the primary mass composition leading to partly contradictor y results. Experience shows that different model s can lead to different results when applied to the samedata. Therefore, it isof crucial importance to verify the individual model sexperimentall y asthoroughl y aspossible. TheKASCADEexperiment (Klageset al. 1997) allowsthedetailed study of different EASobser vablesof thehadronic, electromagnetic , and muonic component . By comparison of measure d resultswith dataobtained from Monte Carlo calculations of the EAS development in the atmospher e using the program CORSIKA (Heck et al. 1998), different model s implemented in the latter can be tested. correspondin g author, present address : The University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, 933 East 56 Street , Chicago, IL 60637, USA; http://ik1au1.fzk.de/ joerg now at: TheUniversity of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. 2 Experimental Set up: The fine–segmented hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment allows to measure individual hadrons in the core of an EAS. The 300 m 2 iron–sampling–calorimeter is equipped with 10 000 liquid ionisation chambers in eight layers (Engler et al. 1999). A layer of plastic scintillators on top of the calorimeter and a second one below the third iron layer act as trigger for the ionisation chambers. The electromagnetic and muonic component are measured by a 200 200 m array of 252 detector stations equipped with scintillation counters. More details are given in these proceedings (H ̈ orandel et al. 1999). 3 Measurements and simulations: About10 events were recorded from October 1996 to August 1998. In 6 10 events, at least one hadron was reconstructed. Events accepted for the present analysis have to fulfil the following requirements: More than two hadrons are reconstructed, the zenith angle of the shower is less than 30 and the core, as determined by the scintillator array, hits the calorimeter or lies within 1.5 m distance outside its boundary. For showers with a primary energy of more than 1 PeV the core can be measured in addition using the first calorimeter layer by the electromagnetic punch-through. The fine sampling of the ionisation chambers yields 0.5 m spatial resolution for the core position. For events with such a precise core position it has to lie within the calorimeter at least 1 m distance from its boundary. After all cuts 40 000 events were left for the final analysis. EAS simulations are performed using the CORSIKA versions 5.2 and 5.62 as described in (Heck et al. 1998). The interaction models chosen in the tests are VENUS 4.12 (Werner 1993), QGSJET (Kalmykov et al. 1993), and SIBYLL 1.6 (Fletcher et al. 1994). A sample of 2000 proton and iron–induced showers were simulated with SIBYLL and 7000 p and Fe events with QGSJET. With VENUS 2000 showers were generated, each for p, He, O, Si, and Fe primaries. The showers were distributed in the energy range from 0.1 PeV up to 31.6 PeV according to a power law with a differential index of -2.7 and within an zenith angle intervall from 15 to 20 . In addition the changing of the spectral index to -3.1 at the knee position was taken into account in a second set of calculations. The shower axes were spread uniformly over the calorimeter surface extended by 2 m beyond its boundary. In order to determine the signals in the individual detectors, all secondary particles at ground level are passed through a detector simulation program using the GEANT package. By these means, the instrumental response is taken into account and the simulated events are analysed in the same way as the experimental data, an important aspect to avoid systematic biases by reconstruction algorithms.


A reflecting paraboloid of revolution may be approximated by ruled facets having the shape of a planar leaf bent onto a parabolic cylinder. Finding the shape of the leaf may convey to calculus students some of the ideas of applied mathematics.


The first complete Bible translation in Afrikaans was published in 1933. This article focuses on describing and analysing this translation. Given new developments in translation studies, one should not evaluate a translation normatively but rather describe it. Any new translation constructs a domesticated representation of a foreign text and culture, which simultaneously must be intelligible for its readers even while it unavoidably promotes, however subtly, an ideology. Thus, the representation consists of the linguistically inscribed preferences of the translator(s) concerning the choice and construction of discourses in Bible translation. The 1933 translation is analysed and explained with respect to the ways in which particular cultural, political and religious identities were formed. Some corrections to current, inaccurate perceptions about the 1933 translation are provided by a consideration of issues such as the context of the translation, its source text, the translation team, the translation process and the sociocultural impact of the translation.


Foodstuffs are raw materials in the form of agricultural, vegetable, and animal products used by the food processing industry to produce a food product. Prices of foodstuffs sometimes rise and fall erratically. The purpose of this research is to predict the price of foodstuffs by using the Backpropagation algorithm. The data used in this study is food price data from 2016 to 2019, originating from the Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Statistics (PIHPS). This research uses the neural network method of the Backpropagation algorithm, which uses several architectural models, and the results of this test will yield the best accuracy value.


Moose ( Alces alces ) employ physiological and behavioral mechanisms to enable them to dissipate excess heat when ambient temperature is above the upper critical temperature of their thermoneutral zone. In this note, we describe 2 cases where GPS radio-collared female moose modified summer bed sites as a potential thermoregulatory response to high temperatures. The first case occurred on 18 - 21 July 2011 when ambient temperatures averaged 25 °C (8 °C above the upper critical temperature of moose) and reached 32 °C and 96% relative humidity. Based on field observations of the bed site immediately after use, the moose cleared litter and duff to expose 3 m 2 of mineral soil under a closed-canopy balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ) stand. The moose spent 64% of the time bedded during a 4-day event, with ≤11 individual bedding events in the same bed site. A second case was observed on 5 July 2013 during similar weather conditions (29 °C and 70% relative humidity) when a different moose cleared a bed site and used it continuously for 10 hours.


Part I. We prove a one-to-one correspondence between differential symmetry breaking operators for equivariant vector bundles over two homogeneous spaces and certain homomorphisms for representations of two Lie algebras, in connection with branching problems of the restriction of representations. We develop a new method (F-method) based on the algebraic Fourier transform for generalized Verma modules, which characterizes differential symmetry breaking operators by means of certain systems of partial differential equations. In contrast to the setting of real flag varieties, continuous symmetry breaking operators of Hermitian symmetric spaces are proved to be differential operators in the holomorphic setting. In this case symmetry breaking operators are characterized by differential equations of second order via the F-method.
Part II. Rankin--Cohen brackets are symmetry breaking operators for the tensor product of two holomorphic discrete series representations of SL(2,R). We address a general problem to find explicit formulae for such intertwining operatorsin the setting of multiplicity-free branching laws for reductive symmetric pairs. We discover explicit formulae of new differential symmetry breaking operators for all the six different complex geometries arising from semisimple symmetric pairs of split rank one, and reveal an intrinsic reason why the coefficients of orthogonal polynomials appear in these operators (Rankin--Cohen type) in the three geometries and why normal derivatives are symmetry breaking operators in the other three cases. Further, we analyze a new phenomenon that the multiplicities in the branching laws of Verma modules may jump up at singular parameters.


The invention relates to the navigation of an autonomous vehicle that can autonomously follow a route to a destination. An object of the invention is that it reduces construction costs of navigation systems and provides long-term reliability of the navigation system. The invention provides a system comprising the steps of prepared: forming a route for an autonomous vehicle with a plurality of information storage elements that are placed at specific locations on a line along a road, wherein each beacon stores its own location information on the route, disposing an information retrieval section at autonomous vehicle so that sufficiently comes in driving the vehicle, the information retrieving section of the information storage elements in succession close, transmitting radio waves between the information retrieving section, and an information storage element, success forming means of transmitting the radio wave supplying electricity from the vehicle to the information storage element in order to activate it, by the information retrieving section success forming retrieve location information from the information storage element from which the current position of the vehicle in question, and controlling a direction of movement of Fahrzeu gs on the basis of vehicle position information.


This paper demonstrate a comparison of Artificial Neural Networking Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-MLP) with automatic Exponential Smoothing Algorithm (ETS) and Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models for forecasting the key weather parameters of Lahore, Pakistan. Models are developed by considering average of monthly maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind-speed and amount of precipitation For developing the models, thirty years data (1987-2016) comprising are used. ANN-MLP is a mathematical technique and ARIMA and ETS are statistical techniques. We divide the thirty years data (1987-2018) data into training (1987 till 2016) and test (2017 till 2018) set to ensure the efficiency and reliability of all these models along with the performance criteria of the estimates. This paper explains in brief how ANN-MLP can be formulated using different learning methods. The most appropriate model and network structure are decided according to their forecast performance. MAE (Moving Average Error), RMSE (Root-Mean-Square error), ME (mean error), MASE (Mean absolute scaled error) indicate that ANN-MLP yields better results. Index item: Weather parameter forecasting, ARIMA, ANN-MLP, automatic ETS, forecasting.


Food-related decisions that engage communities are often based on chemical concepts. Therefore, the utmost terminological rigour is required. This article considers frequent examples of confusion, and concludes with a call for the introduction of chemistry lessons as early as primary school.


Argumentation-based approaches to decision making have gained considerable research interest, due to their ability to select and justify decisions. In order to make better decisions, context is a key piece of information that needs to be considered. However, most existing argumentation-based models and frameworks have not modelled or reasoned with context explicitly. In this paper, we present a new argumentation-based approach for making context-based and explainable decisions. We propose a graphical representation for modelling decision problems involving varying contexts, Decision Graphs with Context (DGC), and a reasoning mechanism for making context-based decisions which relies on the Assumption-based Argumentation formalism. Based on these constructs, we introduce two types of explanations, argument explanation and context explanation , identifying the reasons for the decisions made from an argument-view and a context-view respectively.


In two perception experiments on read German, we investigate how far different accent positions and accent types are related to degrees of perceived givenness both in sentences in isolation and in context. Results reveal a stepwise decrease in the degree of perceived givenness from deaccentuation and prenuclear accents through low and early peak nuclear accents to high and rising nuclear accents. In addition, the appropriateness of prenuclear accent placement and deaccentuation decreases while the appropriateness of nuclear accent placement increases from given through accessible to new referents. These variations suggest a difference in the cognitive activation of different types of information status, which a listener is able to decode by prosodic means.


Substructures are known to be good tracers for the dynamical states and recent accretion histories of the most massive collapsed structures in the universe, galaxy clusters. Observations find extremely massive substructures in some clusters, especially Abell 2744 (A2744), which are potentially in tension with the ΛCDM paradigm because they are not found in simulations directly. However, the methods to measure substructure masses strongly differ between observations and simulations. Using the fully hydrodynamical cosmological simulation suite Magneticum Pathfinder, we develop a method to measure substructure masses in projection from simulations, similarly to the observational approach. We identify a simulated A2744 counterpart that not only has eight substructures of similar mass fractions but also exhibits similar features in the hot gas component. This cluster formed only recently through a major merger together with at least six massive minor merger events since z = 1, where previously the most massive component had a mass of less than 1 × 1014 M ⊙. We show that the mass fraction of all substructures and of the eighth substructure separately are excellent tracers for the dynamical state and assembly history for all galaxy cluster mass ranges, with high fractions indicating merger events within the last 2 Gyr. Finally, we demonstrate that the differences between subhalo masses measured directly from simulations as bound and those measured in projection are due to methodology, with the latter generally 2–3 times larger than the former. We provide a predictor function to estimate projected substructure masses from SubFind masses for future comparison studies between simulations and observations.


This article examines the main communicative tactics and strategies of a modern blogger-interviewer on the YouTube platform based on the speech of Russian Internet interviewer Yuri Dud`, who is engaged in Internet journalism on his YouTube-channel «Vdud» in the format of «interview-conversation», and also revealed the main features of the genre of interviews in the Internet.


Using the theory of $1+1$ hyperbolic systems we put in perspective the mathematical and geometrical structure of the celebrated circularly polarized waves solutions for isotropic hyperelastic materials determined by Carroll in Acta Mechanica 3 (1967) 167--181. We show that a natural generalization of this class of solutions yields an infinite family of \emph{linear} solutions for the equations of isotropic elastodynamics. Moreover, we determine a huge class of hyperbolic partial differential equations having the same property of the shear wave system. Restricting the attention to the usual first order asymptotic approximation of the equations determining transverse waves we provide the complete integration of this system using generalized symmetries.


LBL-7049 SAC-01 SWEDISH-AMERICAN COOPERATIVE PROGRAM ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE IN MINED CAVERNS by P. A. Witherspoon Lawrence Berkeley Ljhor.it. rv University 1 California, Berkeley, California and 0. ^egerman Nuclear Fuel Safety ProRram Stockholm, Sweden May 1978


During extratropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones (TC) reduced predictability for the midlatitude flow is often observed. In this study we assess the sensitivity of the midlatitude flow response to ET. To this end, a simple novel metric, the "equivalent forecast hour difference," is introduced and applied to experimental simulations for eight recent ET events, in which the TC has been removed or relocated. Early during ET, the midlatitude flow response is sensitive to ridgebuilding directly downstream of the transitioning TC. In cases with strong ridgebuilding and Rossby wave triggering, the sensitivity remains high. The midlatitude flow response is even more sensitive to error in the initial position of the TC. This study newly quantifies the high degree of sensitivity of the downstream midlatitude flow response to ET. It corroborates the need for correct tropical cyclogenesis and TC track forecasts for improving midlatitude numerical weather prediction during ET.


Planning and organizing the functioning of health care institutions is a priority area of activity of their founders. The purpose of such management activities is to ensure the timeliness, quality and completeness of medical services provided to the clients of the institution. At the same time, an important step is to predict the needs for medical services in future periods of time. Forecasting should be carried out taking into account the socio-demographic, medical and behavioral characteristics of persons – potential consumers of medical services and the characteristics of the population structure of the territory in which the medical institution operates. Thus, the object of research is the processes that arise during the analysis of operational and retrospective statistical, medical and social, expert and other data to determine the forecast values of the levels of demand for certain medical services. The results of the analysis should become the basis for making management decisions on planning and organizing the activities of health care institutions in future periods.In the course of the research, a systematic approach, methods of mathematical modeling and other general scientific methods were used.The research result is a developed method for forecasting the demand for medical services in future periods of time. The method consists in the implementation of four sequential stages of the analysis of the initial data. In this case, it becomes necessary to solve the problems of clustering, classification, identification and forecasting. The accuracy of the predicted values depends on the choice of methods and algorithms for solving the problems posed and on the completeness of the initial data. As a result of applying the method, it is possible to obtain:аdivision of persons – potential consumers of medical services into groups in accordance with their socio-demographic portraits, medical data and behavioral characteristics;– relationship between the number of educated groups and the demand for various medical services;– predicted values of the number of groups, as well as the demand for medical services.The results can serve as a basis for making managerial decisions on organizing the activities of medical institutions in future periods of time.


The main objective of this work is obtains an optimal trajectory of a parallel architecture by using a multiobjective optimization problem, which is proposed taking into account the mechanical energy of the actuators, the total traveling time and jerk. These objectives are in conflict with each other, mainly in the applications where the manipulator should work with high velocities. The trajectory is calculated assuming that the input angles are given by a function of the time, that is represented by an uniform B-splines. The kinematic modelling is obtained by deriving the trajectory equation according the time. The analytic model for the inverse dynamics of CaPaMan uses the Newton-Euler equations. The dynamic model will be able to calculate the energy accurately. In many cases are enough to consider the forces acting on the mobile platform (simplified dynamic model), but as more robust manipulators are considered becomes also important to consider the forces on each articulated parallelogram of legs (complete dynamic model). This procedure has been applied to a practical example for a path planning of a parallel manipulator named as CaPaMan (Cassino Parallel Manipulator). Two cases are studied: the first considers the data of a built prototype at LARM (Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics at Cassino) and the second test referes to a robust hypothetical manipulator. The obtained results are compared when the two dynamic models are applied .


In an electricity market,a major concern of hydropower producer is the profit uncertainty caused by uncertainty in reservoir inflow and day-ahead market prices.A long-term/mid-term contracts determination model based on stochastic linear programming is proposed.Scenario tree models are used to represent uncertainty in reservoir inflow and day-ahead market prices based on different constructing methods.Forward contracts decisions and day-ahead market trading decisions are recognized as different stage decisions in a stochastic programming framework.Through the comparison with expected value model,the advantage of higher revenue is guaranteed for considering the influence of uncertainty.In addition,through the comparison with a different stochastic programming model,the similarity of influence on forward contracts decisions and revenue further verifies the availability of the proposed stochastic linear programming model,and provides reference for long-term/mid-term contracts determination.


Three different ionic liquids (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl), and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium chloride ([BMP]Cl), were used as reaction media in hydrolysis reaction of poplar seed floss (as cellulose material) with cellulase. Hydrolysis kinetics of the IL-treated cellulose material was significantly enhanced. The initial hydrolysis rates for IL-treated cellulose material were greater than that of non-treated cellulose material. This behavior seems to be due to synergetic effects of ionic liquid and cellulase upon cellulose material. Structural modifications were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermal properties of poplar seeds floss were also evaluated by TG-DTG-DSC simultaneous analysis.


............................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................1 1.1: Modeling Irrigated Agriculture .........................................................................................1 1.2: Modeling Urban Stormwater .............................................................................................2 1.3: Modeling WWTP Technologies and Water Management Practices ...................................3 1.4: Natural Background Loads ...............................................................................................3 1.5: Ambient Water Quality .....................................................................................................4 1.6: Cost and Equity ................................................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2 : ASSESSING CONSERVATION EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN IRRIGATED RIVER BASINS ............................................6 2.1: Introduction ......................................................................................................................6 2.2: Methods ............................................................................................................................8 2.2.1: Study Watershed ........................................................................................................8 2.2.2: Model Description ......................................................................................................9 2.2.3: Field Observations.................................................................................................... 11 2.2.4: Model Calibration .................................................................................................... 12 2.2.4: Scenario Analysis ..................................................................................................... 14 2.2.5: Description of Scenarios ........................................................................................... 16 2.3: Results and Discussion ................................................................................................... 21 2.4: Summary and Conclusions .............................................................................................. 27 CHAPTER 3 : ASSESSING NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS FOR THE CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED IN COLORADO ........................................................................ 28 3.1: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 28 3.2: Methods .......................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1: Overall Framework for Assessment of Water Quality Control Measures .................. 30


Part 1 World's climate and ecosystems - global transport of chemicals: climates of the world seen from an ecotoxicological perspective, G.A. McKay and M.K.Thomas ecosystems of the world, E.F.Bruenig atmospheric transport of chemicals, D.R.Miller and C.A.Robinson aquatic transport of chemicals, E.D.Goldberg. Part 2 Environmental fate of chemicals and chemical exposure in tropical, arid and cold regions: mobility of environmental chemicals including abiotic degradation, W.Klein biotic degradation of pollutants, F.Matsumura chemicals in cold environments, D.R.Miller chemicals in tropical and arid regions, C.R.Krishna Murti. Part 3 Effects of environmental chemicals on biota and ecosystems in tropical, arid and cold regions: effects of temperature and humidity on ecotoxicology of chemicals, P.N.Viswanathan and C.R.Krishna Murti effects in arid regions, A.S. and R.Y.Perry effects in marine ecosystems, J.P.Lay and A.Zsolnay effects in arctic and subarctic systems, D.R.Miller effects on domestic animals, R.K.Ringer. Part 4 Case studies: environmental pollution in coastal areas of India, R.Sen Gupta et al biodegradation of pesticides in tropical rice ecosystems, N.Sethunathan effects of insecticides in rice ecosystems in southeast Asia, E.D.Magallona fate and effects of aldrin/dieldrin in terrestrial ecosystems in hot climates, I.Scheunert the use of insecticides in the Onchocerciasis control programme and aquatic monitoring in West Africa, C.Leveque herbicides in warfare - the case of Indochina, A.Westing fate and undesirable effects of pesticides in Egypt, A.H.El-Sebae mercury in Canadian rivers, D.R.Miller.


An analysis of Landsat imagery of forested areas near Williamsport, Pennsylvania shows that the effects of defoliation by insects can be assessed over a two month period beginning in early June. Within this window heavily defoliated forest can be successfully delineated from moderately defoliated and healthy forest. Consequently, the effects of insect damage can be assessed at times other than peak defoliation, doubling the probability that useful satellite data can be acquired in the Williamsport area.


The clinical effectiveness of neurophysiological and developmental factors in controlling and preventing seizure mechanisms is detailed. It is shown that as cortical control advances with maturation, it requires increasingly severe environmental adversity to release this residual defensive reflex mechanism. Administration of anticonvulsant drugs is discouraged because of possible undesirable neuronal effects on the very young brain.


In this paper, using a modified model of slowly varying amplitudes, a process of optics-to-THZ-conversion of vortex beams based on the nonlinear difference frequency generation in a medium with second-order susceptibility is considered. A theoretical substantiation of the law of topological charge conversion of vortex beams is given – the topological charge of the output THz vortex beam is equal to the difference of the topological charges of the input optical vortex beams. A simulation model of the processes under consideration is implemented.


Detoxification potato is a major cash crop planted in the south of Liaoning.This article presents the main cultivation techniques in terms of selection of potato seeds,selection of field,potato seed preparations,fertilization,tillage,field management,disease and insect pests control,and harvesting so as to provide reference for the production of high-yield potatoes in the south of Liaoning province.


For problems with accessibility in using figures and illustrations, please contact the Salt Lake Technical Center at 801-233-4900. These procedures were designed and tested for internal use by OSHA personnel. Mention of any company name or commercial product does not constitute endorsement by OSHA.


Abstract The selective debenzylation of various aromatic dibenzyloxy aldehydes by magnesium bromide in anhydrous ether-benzene solution by a gentle reflux for 36 hours is described. Only benzyloxy groups located ortho to the carbonyl group were cleaved cleanly and highly efficiently, leaving other benzyl ether groups unaffected. A six-membered chelation ring intermediate is proposed. The preparation of all relevant dibenzyloxy napthalene and benzene aldehyde precursors is described by benzylation of the corresponding diols and, usually, a subsequent Vilsmeier formylation.


Parallel operation of power electronic converters is becoming popular in utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, the literature does not cover the interaction dynamics and stabilization of parallel PV-based voltage- and current-source converters (VSC and CSC) connected to a weak grid. To fill in this gap, this article characterizes the dynamic interactions among the parallel PV-based VSC and CSC systems considering the effects of the PV source dynamics, grid strength, operating point variation, and control parameters. A detailed small-signal model of the parallel system is developed and used to characterize the dynamic interactions using eigenvalue and input/output impedance-based analyses. The study showed that undesirable converters interactions are yielded, the dc-links stability is reduced, and the parallel system cannot inject 1.0 p.u. of active power at unity short-circuit ratio (SCR). Therefore, an active stabilization approach is proposed for the parallel VSC-CSC system to reduce the interactions, improve stability, and facilitate 1.0 p.u. of active power injection at unity SCR. Detailed nonlinear time-domain simulations and real-time simulation results verified the accuracy of the analytical results and the effectiveness of the proposed stabilization method under a wide range of operating conditions.


"Fan drain" is a term used to describe the loss of stadium-goers suffered by a sports club. While there are many reasons why supporters turn their back and walk away from the terraces (e.g. better entertainment alternatives, poor sporting performances, too high admission costs etc.), this research focuses on one of the problems that Romanian football was confronted with lately: the loss of brand identity. Many football clubs, rich in tradition, went bankrupt and were dissolved, part of Romanian football's history disappearing with them and, at the same time, important groups of fans who suddenly faced a situation where they didn't have a club any longer for which to cheer for. Some other clubs, even if still existing, were relocated to other cities due to the loss of support (mainly financial) that they had once enjoyed in their places of origin. The relocated clubs were separated from their fans, while the people in the new places of destination did not show any particular interest in adopting the "alien" teams. A decline in stadium attendances was one of the consequences. The research uses four brand conveyors (tools through which brand meaning can be created for a football club) as independent variables and correlates them with a dependent variable (match attendance) to run a regression analysis that aims to find out whether the creation of brand meaning and its transfer towards the fans can combat the decline in attendances. Romanian Second League football has been chosen as a sample. Results indicate that focusing on sports marketing tactics, such as offering match programs, selling admission tickets or improving PR activities can facilitate the process of neutral fans to adopt "alien" teams, can help football brands with low or no identity to easier relate with (new) fans and, overall, can increase match attendances.


Accurate and automatic assessment of alveolar bone level in ultrasound videos is crucial for orthodontic treatment and diagnosis, as manual interpretation is time-consuming and clinicians exhibit substantial interobserver variation. A systematic approach for quantifying alveolar bone loss involves the direct measurements of the alveolar bone level (ABL), the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end landmark localizing network by combining a convolutional neural network and Swin-transformer architecture to effectively localize the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest in intraoral ultrasound videos and automatically measure the ABL. In addition, key frames and non-key frames are identified and discarded based on an uncertainty prior. This study used ultrasound videos of 147 teeth acquired from 20 orthodontic adolescent patients. Experimental studies have been performed and compared with state-of-the-art models to prove the feasibility of the proposed architecture.


Using Virtual Architecture (VA) as a general scheme for representations to sustain the refl ection activities involved in the design process can help students to initiate creative design ideas. Because of its implicit abstract nature, VA can be used, to represent original ideas or processes, or well-known architectural theories to articulate design ideas. Furthermore, VA as a mean of expression, turn out to be a source of inspiration for students who perceive it as medium with very few limits with which to develop, explore and express their design intuitions. A recent collaborative edesign studio experience is reported to illustrate the benefi t observed. Using three examples out of ten student projects, we show how designs and design process have been characterized by those virtual representations. In fall semester 2004, the edesign studio took place between the Schools of Architecture of Toulouse and Université Laval in Québec. VA was both an academic and a studio topic at Laval while the other school students had a traditional design task to tackle, namely the rehabilitation of Chapou University Residences for students in Toulouse. Students from both schools composed each edesign team. In addition, three common architectural themes were web-documented and introduced to both classes: room, as defi ned by Louis Kahn: "a space which knows what it wants to be is a room"; color, as an architectural medium in dialectic with structure; and body-space relationships, as articulated by Gilles Deleuze and its projection to cyberspace. From the edesign studio results, we are arguing that virtual architecture should be looked at not only as new domain to be investigated by architects and taught in academic studios but also as a new medium of design to develop and explore design intuitions through virtual representations.


A DC‐30GHz ultra‐wideband distributed amplifier based on the 0.15‐um GaAs process is proposed and characterized. The distributed amplifier has nine power amplifying units with a cascode structure. The measured results show that the amplifier has 16‐dB gain in the frequency range of DC‐30GHz. The output power of 1‐dB compression point is 19 dBm at 10 GHz, and the saturated output power is 25 dBm. The chip size is 3× 1.2 mm.


This letter investigates the electrothermal stability of MOSFETs during switching transients. Switch-mode MOSFETs, when transiting between the opposite ends of the load line, pass through bias conditions with high thermal runaway probability, i.e., RTH · VDS · dIDS/dT >; 1. It is shown here that the likelihood of thermal runaway increases when dIDS/dT is positive and the switching duration is greater than the thermal time constant. This condition is worse for advanced MOSFETs with high transconductance because the zero-temperature-crossover point occurs at higher drain currents. This letter uses a physically calibrated MOSFET model for detailed analysis of the electrothermal dynamics during switching transients.


The intent of this article is to (a) provide a brief overview of previously reported prevalence data on youth with disabilities who reside in juvenile correctional facilities, (b) report data from a recent survey of state facilities for juveniles, and (c) briefly discuss teacher preparation programs designed for the special educator who works in juvenile correctional facilities. Language: en


The performance analysis of the slotted access channel for DS/SS CDMA cellular systems with and without multipath combining is presented. Three major factors that affect access channel performance are collision, blocking, and frame erasure rate (FER). All three factors can cause retransmission which results in lower throughput and longer delay. An iterative method is presented to estimate the effective arrival rate in a system without combining. The access rate sequence generated by the iteration is monotone increasing and converges if the system is stable. Using this result, a stability condition is determined in terms of the arrival rate of new messages and the FER. We modify the standard slotted ALOHA analysis so that it applies to a system with combining. The study reveals the trade-off between the messages received per slot and the FER.<<ETX>>


........................................................................................................................ I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. II TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ IV LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... VIII LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. X ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER


The ability of tin to accommodate more than eight electrons in their valence and to form so-called hypervalent compounds is well established 1. There is a plethora of compounds in which tin expands its coordination numbers 5-8 (ref. 2). Chelates of tin(IV) moieties with N, 0 and S donor ligands as N-alkyl cyclohexyl dithiocarbazates of the type SnC14-nLn have been synthesized and characterized, and have received much attention during the last few years. A recent review deals with the complexes of tin(IV) with Schiffs bases4. Organotin compounds having the general formula RnSn~-n are biologically active, and antimicrobial studies of organotin(IV) complexes of bidentate Schiffs base with nitrogen and sulphur as donors have been carried out5. Some complexes of tin(IV) with Schiff base derived from salicylaldehyde and various sulphur drugs have been synthesized and the geometry around tin atom is discussed on the basis of spectral studies. Tin (IV) complexes of biologically active thiosemi-carbazone have been reported. Dichlorobis-(dicar-boxyl-n-cyclopentadienyl iron) tin(IV) with Schiff bases have been synthesized and characterized. The ligands are terdentate and coordinated to tin(IV) in chloroform. Biological activity of some tin(IV) complexes of thiophene-2carboxaldehyde thiosemi-carbazone have also been reported. Thus, in view of synthetic and biological importance of tin(IV) compounds and in continuation to our current reports on organotin(IV)1013, we report herein the synthesis and characterization of some tin(IV) complexes of N,N'-hydrazine bis(salicylideneimine), N,N'-o-phenylenebis(salicylideneimine) and benzoin-a.-oxime. Materials and Methods All the reactions were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere and analytical grade chemicals were used. Solvents were purified and dried according to standard procedure 14. The SnCl4 (Fluka) was used without further purification. Tin and chlorine in the complexes have been determined by gravimetric and Messenger's methods, respectively 15 . Nitrogen was estimated by Kjeldahl's method 15. All the melting points are uncorrected. IR spectra were recorded on Perkin-Elmer Model 377 and 521 spectrometers in the range 4000-200 cm-1. NMR spectra were recorded in CDCh on Bruker AC 200 MHz at CDRI, Lucknow. Chemical shifts are in ppm and relative to TMS as an internal standard.


The invention relates to a compound polysaccharide traditional Chinese medicine microecological regulator, which is an oral liquid prepared by processing and extracting raw materials consist of ginseng, poria cocos, white atractylodes rhizome, and licorice in a certain weight ratio. By fostering normal microbial populations, the microecological regulator can adjust the ecological balance of a body, play a biological antagonistic effect, and improve microecological environment, thereby eliminating invasion of bacteria and opportunistic pathogen, and keeping human intestinal microecological balance. The microecological regulator has significant pharmacological effects on the aspects of anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, anti-clotting and improving immune functions, and can play a role of disease treatment, disease prevention, and health protection.


In this paper, a simple and rapid method of evaluating galvanized steel sheet corrosion in a CuSO4 solution, as an experimentation proposal for corrosion teaching. Galvanized steel corrosion is present in tanks and tubing by leading of natural or industrial waters which contain soluble copper compounds. This was the rationale for choosing the Cu2+ ions solution as an oxidizing agent. The method principle is based on visual colorimetry because the used oxidant has an intense blue color. Thus, a change in its concentration as a result of the corrosive process can be followed by a color intensity change in the solution thereby allowing evaluation of the corrosion rate.


This paper is an attempt to discuss the wages and salaries structures in Nigeria from 1960 up-to date, highlighting the roles played by different wages and salaries commissions, their contributions and achievements. It also analyzes the effects of wages and salaries review on the workers, market prices of essential goods and services, and nation's economy. Based on the analyses, concrete recommendations are made for improvement and restoration of normalcy and sanity in the Nigeria price control system for the good of all. Everyone likes to be paid for services rendered or job done. The payment is compensation. The compensation is tied to the labour market. Employers must be reasonably competitive in payment salaries, and wages to attract and retain competent employees. Wages therefore are payments directly calculated on the amount of time worked. In contrast, people who are on salaries receive consistent payments each period regardless of the number of hours worked. Salary earners carry higher status wage earners. Some organizations maintain an all salaried approach with their employees in order to create a greater sense of loyalty and organizational commitment. They still pay overtime to certain employees according to labour laws. Wages and salary structure differ from country to country and subject to change due to economic changes, development and awareness. In Nigeria analyses show that most private industries e.g. banks, multinationals pay higher wages and salaries to employees than government ministries, and parastatals.


This paper reports the results of experiments designed to examine whether investor selection of auditors enhances auditor independence. The experimental design enables us to explore the effect on independence of different institutional rules over who hires and fires the auditors and to directly measure independence violations. The results suggest that transferring the power to hire and fire the auditor from managers to investors significantly decreases the portion of independence violations. Additional analysis suggests that a reduction in independence violations increases the overall surplus generated in the markets examined.


Let us consider a symmetric pair (G,K), and consider a product X of partial flag varieties of G and K. In this talk, we establish general principles to study the finiteness of K-orbits on X. As an application we produce many examples of multiple flag varieties which have finitely many K-orbits. In a classical case of type A, we can even classify those multiple flag varieties. If time allows, we will discuss the relation to the theory of spherical varieties and moment maps. This talk is based on a on-going joint work with Hiroyuki Ochiai (Kyushu University). Hiroshi Oda (Takushoku University) Title: Poisson transforms and graded Hecke algebras, I, II Abstract: Let (G,K) be a Riemannian symmetric pair. The Poisson transform Pλ is a G-map from a spherical principal series representation B(G/P ;λ) to C∞(G/K). There are many works to construct those systems of differential operators onG/K which characterize ImPλ. Above all, Johnson gives a unified method applicable to any G, although his systems are not so explicit. We generalize Johnson's method by the notion of single-petaled K-types so that it can produce many concrete systems (e.g. classical Hua operators for bounded symmetric domains). For the graded Hecke algebra H associated to (G,K), we naturally have analogous versions of Poisson transforms and their image characterization problems. A functorial correspondence of these analogies is also discussed. Let (G,K) be a Riemannian symmetric pair. The Poisson transform Pλ is a G-map from a spherical principal series representation B(G/P ;λ) to C∞(G/K). There are many works to construct those systems of differential operators onG/K which characterize ImPλ. Above all, Johnson gives a unified method applicable to any G, although his systems are not so explicit. We generalize Johnson's method by the notion of single-petaled K-types so that it can produce many concrete systems (e.g. classical Hua operators for bounded symmetric domains). For the graded Hecke algebra H associated to (G,K), we naturally have analogous versions of Poisson transforms and their image characterization problems. A functorial correspondence of these analogies is also discussed. Peter E. Trapa (University of Utah) Title: Enhanced Kazhdan-Lusztig cells Abstract: A few years ago, S. Kato introduced an exotic nilpotent cone (which may be viewed as a symmetric space version of a related enhanced nilpotent cone). Since then, these varieties have found important applications in the work of many people. This talk will review some of these results, and then turn to progress (joint with Anthony Henderson) on the classification of "enhanced" Kazhdan-Lusztig cells. These cells naturally appear in the geometric setting explained in Nishiyama's talk. A few years ago, S. Kato introduced an exotic nilpotent cone (which may be viewed as a symmetric space version of a related enhanced nilpotent cone). Since then, these varieties have found important applications in the work of many people. This talk will review some of these results, and then turn to progress (joint with Anthony Henderson) on the classification of "enhanced" Kazhdan-Lusztig cells. These cells naturally appear in the geometric setting explained in Nishiyama's talk. Joseph A. Wolf (University of California, Berkeley) [Talk I] Title: Geometry of the discrete series Abstract: This talk describes the role of discrete series representations in harmonic analysis on real semisimple Lie groups. I'll discuss the underlying Harsh-Chandra theory of distribution characters of representations, tempered series of representations and the Plancherel formula. Then I'll discuss real group orbits on complex flag manifolds and the connection between discrete series representations and homogeneous holomorphic vector bundles over flag domains. [Talk II] Title: The Borel – de Siebenthal discrete series Abstract: The Borel – de Siebenthal discrete series has a number of beautiful geometric properties. I'll describe the relation between the holomorphic normal bundle to a base cycle in the Borel – de Siebenthal flag domain, and the spectrum of a Borel – de Siebenthal discrete series representation along a maximal compact subgroup. I'll also indicate how one can compute explicitly here using the LiE program. Much of this is joint work with Bent Ørsted.


Abstract The spectral collocation method is used to determine the stability of parametrically excited systems and compared with the traditional transition matrix approach. Results from a series of test problems demonstrate that spectral collocation converges rapidly. In addition, the spectral collocation method preserves the sparsity of the underlying system matrices, a property not shared by the transition matrix approach. As a result, spectral collocation can be used for very large systems and can utilize sparse eigensolvers to reduce computational memory and time. For the large-scale system studied (up to 40 degrees of freedom), the spectral collocation method was on average an order of magnitude faster than the transition matrix approach using Matlab. This computational advantage is implementation specific; in a C implementation of the algorithm, the transition matrix method is faster than the spectral collocation. Overall, the method proves to be simple, efficient, reliable, and generally competitive with the transition matrix method.


This study aims to improve students' speaking skills at the Department of English. Based on interviews carried out to get initial data on the students' speaking skills, it was shown that the students had problems in speaking due to inadequate knowledge of the language which in turn made the students felt unconfident to speak. The students were not familiar with various speaking activities facilitating them to speak. They read the text to convey ideas and a lack of strategies when speaking. To help the students, task-based learning was adapted through action research in one-semester courses. Fifteen students in the third semester participated in this study.  The data were taken from the results of the pre-test to post-test, interview, and observation. The findings reveal that the use of task-based learning helps the students improve their speaking skills of three indicators assessed: accuracy, vocabulary, and comprehension. The students manage to complete the tasks by conducting various activities through three phases of learning: the pre-task, task-cycle, and form focus. They succeed in improving their speaking skills and gaining their confidence. The students can evaluate their learning in pairs and group works.


According to psycholpgist's HermanA,witkin theory,Through the experiment of field independence-depen-dence,the different results under the same condition for both male and female college students are determined,The paper also analyzes the different cognitive way in sports study by both male and female college students and finally discusses how to make a sports study by making use of their cognitive way.


Undecanal and no-nanalblends elicited response in female greater wax moth (GWM), One to four moths out of 30 exhibited stationary fanning, ambulation, ambulatory fanning, hovering, searching and circling. The blend in the proportion of 30:70 elicited maximum response in case of female moths. The 3 to 5 days old moths showed maximum responses to binary blend between 7 to 9 pm, when more than 60 per cent moths exhibited pheromone specific behavioral patterns. The funnel trap with the best blend was used for attracting female GWM,however, only few moths were trapped.


A combination of feedforward and feedback control leads to a problem of deciding what to do with each. The fundamental differences between these types of control show up when there are unknown disturbances or unknown parameter variations in the system. Hence, it is knowledge of the expected sizes of these variations which should influence how the feedforward and feedback should be combined. The paper first indicates some of the implications of these relationships in terms of bandwidths. The frequency responses which should optimize the disturbance rejection are then found. These 'optimal' results are compared with those from Bode's and Horowitz's ideal frequency characteristics, and with the results expected from minimizing the integral of error-squared on the time responses.


We present an enriched meshfree solution of the Motz problem. The Motz problem has been known as a benchmark problem to verify the efficiency of numerical methods in the presence of a jump boundary data singularity at a point, where an abrupt change occurs for the boundary condition. We propose a singular basis function enrichment technique in the context of partition of unity based meshfree method. We take the leading terms of the local series expansion at the point singularity and use them as enrichment functions for the local approximation space. As a result, we obtain highly accurate leading coefficients of the Motz problem that are comparable to the most accurate numerical solution. The proposed singular enrichment technique is highly effective in the case of the local series expansion of the solution being known. The enrichment technique that is used in this study can be applied to monotone singularities (of type with ) as well as oscillating singularities (of type ). It is the first attempt to apply singular meshfree enrichment technique to the Motz problem.


The system K′ of "extended basic logic" lacks a principle of extensionality. In this paper a system KE′ will be presented which is like K′ in many respects but which does possess a fairly strong principle of extensionality by way of rule 6.37 below. It will be shown that KE′ is free from contradiction. KE′ is especially well suited for formalizing the theory of numbers presented in my paper, On natural numbers, integers, and rationals. The methods used there can be applied even more directly here because of the freedom of KE′ from type restrictions, but the details of such a derivation of a portion of mathematics will not be presented in this paper. It is evident, moreover, that KE′ contains at least as much of mathematical analysis as does K′, and perhaps considerably more. The method of carrying out proofs in KE′ is closely similar to that used in my book Symbolic logic, and could be expressed in similar notation.


Purpose: Using the design ideas and research methods of user experience to probe into design art in the field of the elderly products, thus presenting an innovative intelligent walking stick with a better user experience. Methods: Questionnaire surveys, observation, interviews and other methods were employed to research the life style and travel behavior of the elderly people, gain the users' characteristics, recognition mentality, perception features and other valuable information, identify the present home caring conditions and travel features of the elderly group, thereby obtaining insights into the elderly users' real demand, as well as found out the key selling point of the elderly intelligent walking sticks. Conclusion: On the basis of cluster analysis on the characteristics of the typical user group and the survey results, the persona of users was created and scenario analysis was made in the form of story board to define the needs of the target personas and output the design prototype. After that, the design scheme was completed to offer a reference for design of relevant products.


We present a method aimed at monitoring access to interlocks and secured entrance areas, which deploys two views in order to robustly perform intrusion detection and singularization. The main contributions are represented by an original approach to perform background subtraction, which is particularly robust against sudden illumination changes, shadows and photometric distortions, and by the use of a feature extraction and classification approach which allows to reliably determine an estimation of the number of people currently occupying the monitored area. Our system is designed to operate in very small interlocks and can work in a substantially unstructured environment.


Objective To monitor and analyze bacterial species and resistance of ICU patients. Methods 98 hospitalized patients admitted to ICU in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2013 were selected as subjects, various types of specimens were sent for bacterial culture and separation, and isolates were expanded susceptibility test. Results The group of 98 patients, 136 pathogens were isolated, Gram-negative bacilli which the highest proportion(P0.05), most commonly used in clinical pathogens ceftazidime, cefepime, gentamicin, aztreonam, cefoperazone, Kami star, levofloxacin and other antibiotics has strong resistance. Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria infected by ICU patients have strong resistance. The clinical course of treatment should be promptly commence sensitivity test, reasonablly choiced of antibiotics, to improve clinical efficacy.


Because of their excellent high temperature characteristics, Ni-based single-crystal alloys are used in applications where operating temperatures exceed 900oC. The initiation of cracks under these conditions is generally associated with micro-scale porosities (typically between 10 and 20 μm). These porosities or voids give rise to local intensification of the deformation, leading to microcracking and subsequent failure when adjacent microcracks coalesce and link with a free surface. In this work the initiation of a crack in the vicinity of a relatively blunt notch is examined. Two approaches are adopted—in one approach a void adjacent to the notch is modelled explicitly, in the other a damage variable is used to represent the growth and subsequent cracking of voids in the vicinity of the notch. A finite element approach is adopted in both studies, with a rate dependent slip-system based constitutive law used to represent the mechanical behaviour of the nickel alloy. The effect of oxidation on the predicted initiation times is also discussed.


A variety of 1,4- and 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds undergo reaction with 3-iodo-2-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]propene in the presence of indium metal in aqueous media to produce oxa-bridged 7- and 8-membered rings in good yields. The reaction mechanism likely involves intermolecular indium allylation of one carbonyl of the substrate, followed by indium-halide promoted intramolecular allylsilane cyclization. This procedure offers an environmentally friendly alternative to the analogous tin-mediated annulation process.


Much of H.'s project, which is pursued with philological care and crispness, can be understood as the reclaiming of predominantly rhetorical literary principles which have fallen out of favour, officially at least, in modern times. But the unyielding elaboration of his central thesis prompts persistent reservations, (i) H. fails to give an adequate account of what might be meant or encompassed by 'thematic integration'. He is content to rely on ad hoc skirmishes with modern views, and to suppose that thematic unity must presuppose singleness of theme (e.g. 5, 15, 62). Yet one might well recognise thematic aspects of literary unity which are not reducible in this way. So it remains unclear that critical attention to themes and their unifying contribution need contradict, as opposed to supplementing, H.'s rhetorical principles. Much more thorough examination of basic concepts and criteria is called for; H.'s insistent, even obsessive, use of the centripetal/-fugal formula is no substitute for fuller and more patient argument, which one misses especially in the rather curt introduction, (ii) H.'s polemical stance commits him to diluting the ostensibly strong ideas of unity found in some of his texts. In the chapter on Plato this leads him at one point into apparently denying that the famous remarks in Phaedrus are about unity at all (18), though this casuistry is subsequently corrected (21). A sense of strain appears in several parts of the treatment of the Poetics, where H. wishes to attribute a 'permissive' view of unity to Aristotle: he can do so only by exploiting marginal hints, even silences, in his favour, while playing down some of Aristotle's own emphases. Similar awkwardness appears later on in, for example, discussion of Horace's 'simplex et unum', where H., ignoring the poet's humour, thinks it is only 'grotesque conflations' to which objection is being taken (63). (iii) H. is too ready to accept that ancient criticism gives us an inherently superior understanding of ancient literature to anything later approaches might produce. This premise requires more explanation and defence than it receives (10-11 merely broaches the issue). H. plays down the extent to which different standards could coexist within the same culture (as much ancient criticism itself attests). He also insufficiently considers the varieties and subtleties of relation between literary practice and criticism. When he does attend to this question, the results are patchy: ch. 3, 'Fourth-Century Rhetoric', is largely restricted to Isocrates; ch. 5, 'Epic After Aristotle', contains too much perfunctory comment on individual epics; ch. 8, 'The Homeric Scholia', struggles to bridge the cultural distance between the works and the exegetes, and fails to harmonise its twin concerns with local detail and with largescale structure. (H.'s own hermeneutic stance, incidentally, is not enhanced by a startling inconcinnity between p. 123 and the stricture on Oliver Taplin on the preceding page.)


Aim:To detect the protein constitutes of rabbit aqueous humor with capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE) of high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) and the effect of aqueous humor on the growth of keratocytes. Methods: Samples of rabbit aqueous humors were analyzed using CZE.The running buffers were borate-borax(pH=8.7,9.1 and 9.4).Sample application was 10s,applied voltage 20kV,detection at 200nm,sample pressure was 0.5psi and column temperature was maintained at constant 20°C.Rabbit keratocytes were cultured in vitro and 10% rabbit aqueous humors were added in the culture medium DMEM/F12.The cell proliferations after 24 hours were examined by the CCK-8 assay.Phase contrast microscope examination was performed daily.Results: A number of resolved peaks were obtained from aqueous humor of rabbit in running buffers of borate-borax(pH= 9.4).The absorbance values of the CCK8 assay for supplementary aqueous humors after 24 hours were significantly high(P0.05).Rabbit keratocytes grew well.Conclusion:CZE is rapid,effective and convenient for the detection of the protein constitutes of rabbit aqueous humor.10% aqueous humors promote the growth and proliferation of keratocytes.


The study was conducted with the purpose of finding out what influence the person-organizational value fit and job performance have on the decision of managerial-level newcomers' voluntary turnover. A total of 191 individuals who had joined the two electronic subsidiaries of one large domestic compa...


The effect of a quaternary nitrogen compound, Emepronium bromide (Cetiprin), on micturition parameters was investigated. In seven healthy subjects, a pronounced effect on the intravesical pressure and on the urinary flow was found with a decrease of 32 mmHg and 13 ml/sec, respectively. All subjects developed residual urine together with an increase in pulse rate after the administration of the drug. No effect on the systolic blood pressure was noted.


utilizing the Division's facilities on January 1, 1933, realize that its cooperation is a potent weapon in effective law enforcement. It is interesting to observe that several of the 24 states which maintain state bureaus of identification require in their own statutes that fingerprints shall be forwarded to the Division in the cases of individuals arrested within their jurisdiction charged with various offenses. While there is no Federal Law requiring the states to cooperate with the Division's identification work, they thus recognize the identification activities of the Federal Government as an aid to proper local law enforcement.


THE INVENTION IS ESSENTIALLY A RECORDING A SCENE ANIMEE, OBSERVEE SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TWO DIFFERENT ANGLES, AS A SIGNAL ON TWO discs, CONTAINING THE CASE AFTER RECORDING A SEQUENCE OF IMAGES LEFT AND RIGHT IMAGE SEQUENCE RESPECTIVELY AND RETURN SUCH IMAGES SYNCHRONISM USING TWO PLAYERS 11, 21, WHICH ARE TRANSMITTED SIGNALS FOR DISPLAY TWO MONITEURS12, 22, aSSOCIATED WITH REFERENCE TO AVERAGE RESPECTIVELY SHOWN IMAGES TO LEFT EYE AND TO THE RIGHT EYE AN OBSERVER.


In the condition of the market economy,whoever has possessed famous brand,who will grasp the active right of market competition and can be in an impregnable position.The market competition tends to be the direct competition of brands at present.The famous brands of the developed countries have already entered Chinese market turbulently and even have taken possession of half market.It has become urgent matter that Chinese enterprises implement the strategy of famous brand and promote the key competition ability,which mainly includes creating,propagating,protecting and developing famous brands.The article has made countermeasure suggestions for the four links.


The Digital Systems Design course, at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T), aims to introduce Electrical and Computer Engineering majors to embedded systems design using microcontrollers. The internal conceptual working of the chosen microcontroller family is explained, using the instruction set, over the course of a semester. In order to introduce students to typical computer organization and architecture design techniques, the Weekend Instructional Microprocessor (WIMP51), which is rudimentary in design and has a small instruction set, is also covered. The original WIMP51 was created using synthesizable VHDL. Students taking the prerequisite Introduction to Computer Engineering course are not required to learn, and are rarely introduced to, VHDL at that level depending on the instructor's choice. In order to provide a platform for students to better visualize, understand and learn the internal organization and architecture of the WIMP51 processor, a student oriented experiential learning based project was implemented to redesign WIMP51, using the original inspiration (a similar but different implementation) in Quartus II design software using schematic capture of digital circuits via Block Diagram Files (BDF). This paper discusses, in depth, the recreation of the WIMP51 processor and describes the designed features to help students obtain a deeper understanding of the internal working of the processor. Introduction As an Electrical Engineering (EE) major, the opportunities to learn about computer organization and architecture are limited, unless their emphasis area is Computer Engineering (CpE). The Introduction to CpE course, which is required for EE and CpE majors, introduces the basics of computer hardware, and precedes courses that focus on computer organization and architecture development and design. These subsequent courses are electives for EE majors, and could be the only exposure they have to this material. One of these courses, Digital Systems Design, focuses on the 8051 family of microcontrollers to teach embedded system design of microcontroller based applications. The 8051 platform is different from the Gnome 1-2 and Gumnut 3 microprocessor platforms, the earlier has been previously taught at Missouri S&T. As the 8051's internal organization can be difficult to grasp, at an introductory level, the internal conceptual workings of this family of microcontrollers are explained over a semester using the instruction set. This normally involves implementing projects using programming to create applications, but leaves students with limited knowledge of the internal architecture of a microcontroller. Other courses teach microprocessor design using Hardware Descriptive Languages (HDL), such as VHDL and Verilog 4-6 . In order to provide exposure to a simple internal architecture, the Weekend Instructional Microprocessor (WIMP51), a simpler version of the 8051 with a smaller instruction set, was formerly designed 7 . The original WIMP51 was created using VHDL 4 , a hardware descriptive language, which is not normally introduced to students in the Introduction to CpE course. Instead students are required to create digital circuits using Block Diagram Files (BDF), as a graphic P ge 26742.2 representation of a digital circuit, in Altera's Quartus II design software. After simulation, these circuits can be downloaded and tested on Altera's DE II FPGA board. With this knowledge, it seems fitting that a subsequent course in CpE, which concentrates on microcontroller based embedded system design, would use the BDF platform in order to teach basics of microprocessor design, which allows students to easily learn the concepts in a familiar environment. A group of junior and senior level EE students were given the task of using the basic organizational diagram and instruction set as the reference, and the knowledge learnt in the Introduction to CpE course, to recreate the WIMP51 processor, using the BDF platform, via an experiential learning project. Note that the group did not have any prior knowledge on microprocessor design techniques. They also had not yet taken the Digital Systems Design course. Design Methodology The WIMP51 design was based on the available block diagram and instruction set 7 , shown below in Figures 1 and 2. Some additional state machine information, including the three main states, in an instruction cycle, was also available 7 . In order to complete the design, in the allotted time, minor changes in the internal organization (missing 'PSEN' as seen in Figure 1) and the instruction set (Figure 3) had to be made. Each Upper-level block was broken down, into sub-systems, to determine the required internal structure to correctly process information using the machine code mentioned in the instruction set (Figure 3). Figure 1: Block diagram of the WIMP51. This is similar to the top level diagram of the newly implemented WIMP51, without the PSEN signal P ge 26742.3 The instructions were grouped according to their similarities in machine code. Using this resemblance information, the required control logic was designed for each of the major blocks seen in Figure 2. MOV A, #D 01110100 dddddddd A<=D ADDC A, #D 00110100 dddddddd C, A<=A+D+C MOV Rn, A 11111nnn Rn<=A MOV A, Rn 11101nnn A<=Rn ADDC A, Rn 00111nnn C, A<=A+Rn+C ORL A, Rn 01001nnn A<=A OR Rn ANL A, Rn 01011nnn A<=A AND Rn XRL A, Rn 01101nnn A<=A XOR Rn SWAP A 11000100 A<=A(3-0) SWAP A(7-4) CLR C 11000011 C<=0 SETB C 11010011 C<=1 SJMP rel 10000000 aaaaaaaa PC<=PC+rel+2 JZ rel 01100000 aaaaaaaa PC<=PC+rel+2 if Z Figure 2: Original instruction set 7 available, as a reference, during the WIMP51 re-design process. MOV A, #D 01110100 dddddddd A<=D ADDC A, #D 00110100 dddddddd C, A<=A+D+C MOV Rn, A 11111nnn Rn<=A MOV A, Rn 11101nnn A<=Rn ADDC A, Rn 00111nnn C, A<=A+Rn+C ORL A, Rn 01001nnn A<=A OR Rn ANL A, Rn 01011nnn A<=A AND Rn XRL A, Rn 01101nnn A<=A XOR Rn SWAP A 11000100 A<=A(3-0) SWAP A(7-4) CLR C 11000011 C<=0 SETB C 11010011 C<=1 SJMP rel 10000000 aaaaaaaa PC<=PC+rel+1 JZ rel 01100000 aaaaaaaa PC<=PC+rel+1 if Z Figure 3: Modified instruction set; SJMP rel and JZ rel have been modified to only add 1 instead of 2 as in the original version. Throughout the construction process, the placement of different top-level entity blocks, in the BDF, was kept similar to their location as seen in the block diagram (Figure 1). This process aided circuit troubleshooting as required. The WIMP51 was created using a bottom up approach. P ge 26742.4 First, common basic datapath components were designed with basic digital logic gates. Figure 4 shows an example of basic element of self-loop (a 2:1 MUX), which allows either a new input to enter or the output of the memory element to be routed back into the memory element. Several other basic elements were created, which included multiplexers, decoders, priority encoders, and 8-bit binary adder unit. These elements were turned into their own individual block symbols and used to create larger blocks of the microprocessor. Some of these larger elements include the Zero Flag (ZF), Register File (RF), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Program Counter (PC)– ALU. Figure 5 shows how the self-loop block was used to create the ZF, an element that detects if the content of the Accumulator (ACC) is zero. Self-loop is not only used in the ZF block. It is also used in each register, including the Instruction Register (IR), Auxiliary Register (AUX), the ACC, the PC, and the registers that make up the RF. Figure 6 shows the ZF in its place in the top-level WIMP51 structure connected to the ACC. These elements were created so students could replicate them easily, gain an understanding of their functions, and reuse them in their own designs if needed. Figure 4: Basic self-loop element circuit diagram. Figure 5: Block Symbol of Self-loop element as part of the ZF circuit. In order to maximize access and simplify the design process, the required control signals were generated externally to each upper-level entity. This ensured that similar components, such as the registers used for the AUX and the eight registers in the RF, were consistent in design. P ge 26742.5 Students could easily access control signal blocks without having to look at the controlled block. This facility also allowed for easy troubleshooting of the system. Figure 6: Top-level block symbol of the ZF connected to the ACC. In order to aide lecture delivery, and perhaps initial learning during teaching the WIMP51, an interactive diagram was created 8 , which allows students/instructor to quickly view any component, at any level, of the WIMP51 easily without inadvertently making a change. Users can double click on any block to view the lower level entity. This interactive diagram can serve as quick reference and as an application show-and-tell in the Introduction to CpE course without the hassle of going through the large number of BDF involved, in the Quartus environment. Design Features Through the design and construction process, several facilities were provided that would maximize student understanding of the internal working of the processor. Since there are a number of registers in the WIMP51 architecture, it would be prudent to observe their contents during an instruction cycle. One limitation discovered, during implementation, was the limited number (only eight) of Seven-Segment-Displays (SSD) available on the Altera board. With two displays required to show eight bits of data in HEX form, only four register values could be viewed at a time unless multiple data-sources are multiplexed. After careful consideration, a standard output viewing package was setup, which included access to important registers, control and status signals. The project implementation also included the construction of two programs; the first for entering the machine code into the on-board RAM module, and the second for running the stored program using the WIMP51.


Few genetic studies have been carried out in dolphinfish. Oxendorf & Hunte (1986a,b) compared samples obtained in the Caribbean Sea (Central-West Atlantic) using several physiological characters such as fecundity, growth or sexual maturity. The results obtained lead to the definition of two dolphinfish stocks in the Caribbean Sea. Later, the same samples were examined using allozymes. 16 out of 55 loci were polymorphic, although only 4 loci presented a frequency of the most common allele < 0.95. Comparison of allele frequencies suggested the existence of two groups of individuals coinciding with the groups previously reported with morphological characters. Nevertheless, genetic analysis was carried out using a single polymorphic locus (IDHP-2*) and the statistical analysis did not seem adequate since allele frequencies were not different enough to explain the differentiation found.


The project is to create an application that converts the audio signal from your computer microphone to record format MP3. Application is designed to record and preserve the audio recordings to a file in a format of lossy compression of audio file compression based on MPEG algorithm (Motion Picture Experts Group). While maintaining a relatively high quality it can reduce the size of audio files in CD quality at about one tenth, for speech, however, it gives much worse results. The advantage of this application is the ability to set frequency range (the sampling) and set the width of the stream, which indicates the number of bits, by which a second of record is registred with. The application is written in C # using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008.


With reference to ethnographic interviews with medical educators and examiners, as well as to the professional literature, this chapter begins by considering how empathy is understood within the medical profession. Drawing upon close analysis of the discourse of a challenging primary care consultation, the chapter then illustrates how empathy is actually achieved in situated interaction. In light of this analysis, communicative challenges are identified that may arise for some international medical graduates as they strive to perceive and to respond to patients' cues for emotional support in clinically effective ways. The chapter concludes by describing how empathy is currently taught and offers for consideration a pedagogical approach that makes use of authentic discourse data as a means to assist doctors to improve their ability to communicate empathy in their interactions with patients.Keywords: communication of empathy; international medical graduates; pedagogical approach


This paper deals with contemporary irrigation water management of major crops in Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Field experiments were conducted to estimate the optimum WUE (Water Use Efficiency) for various MAD (Management Allowed Depletion) levels including 55, 65 and 75% for cotton crop, and 45, 55 and 65% for wheat crop. The daily actual crop Et ca (Evapotranspiration) was observed through gypsum blocks and a drainage Lysimeter. The observed seasonal cotton crops ET ca in the experiments were 486, 413, and 397 mm for 55, 65, and 75% MAD levels, respectively. Similarly, wheat crops ET ca observed were 363, 359, and 332mm for 45, 55, and 65% MAD levels, respectively. The WUE determined in terms of seed-cotton yield per unit of seasonal water use were 6.0, 6.5, and 5.8kg (ha mm) -1 The corresponding values of WUE for wheat were 14.1, 15.0 and 13.4kg (ha mm) -1 . Hence; the highest WUE was achieved with MAD at 65% for cotton and at 55% for wheat.


In this study, we evaluated the attenuations in light transmissions through PMMA films of different layer thicknesses on SiO2 substrates for solar cell applications using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible and near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. The results show that, film thickness decreases as rotational speed increased and light transmission decreases as film thickness increases. Highest transmissions are detected at wavelengths of 341 nm and 1282 nm. A sample coated at 4000 rpm had the highest transmission efficiency at 341 nm, while a sample coated at 500 rpmhad the lowest transmission. For a sample spun coat at 4000 rpm at 341 nm, a transmission efficiency of 96.10% was obtained, while for a sample coated at 2000 rpm 84.73% efficiency was recorded. Meanwhile, for a sample coated at 500 rpm, the transmission efficiency dropped to 82.92% at 341 nm.


Review(s) of: Respectable radicals: A history of the National Council of Women Australia, 1896-2006, by Marian Quartly and Judith Smart, Melbourne: Monash University Press in conjunction with the National Council of Women of Australia, 2015, 497pp. $39.95, ISBN: 9781922235947.


Objective: This work aims to identify the impact of a contextualized and integrated didactic proposal on the training of students, whose theme was the relationship between food and the basic and technical disciplines of the integrated technical course in food. Methodology: The research was characterized as a qualitative work of the type research-action, which was developed with students of the first year of the Integrated Technician in Food course, of a Federal Institute, of the South of Brazil. The didactic proposal was based on the Problem-based Methodology based on the Maguerez arc, as a guide for the research. The activities were divided into five stages: 1) Observation of reality; 2) Identification of Problems - Key points; 3) Theorization; 4) Solution hypotheses; 5) Application to reality. Results: About this study, it was found that students were able to relate food to their basic and technical disciplines, which comes to contribute to their integral, omnilateral and polytechnic human training. Thus, educational practices in Technological Professional Education (EFA) must be adapted and integrated with the proposal of the course in which it develops. Conclusion: Thus, despite being a disciplinary practice, it should not occur in isolation, it must be integrated into the course's curriculum proposal to contribute to the integral training of subjects.


In this paper, a compact tri-band printed multiinput multi-output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation is presented to operate within WLAN and WiMAX frequency bands. By adopting a rectangular open-ended slot combined with a rectangular strip with an inverted L-shaped open-ended slot, three operating frequency bands can be obtained. The proposed compact MIMO antenna occupies an overall size of 19 × 33 mm. Good port-to-port isolation is obtained. The simulated and measured results show that the presented antenna is suitable for multiband MIMO applications.


Dynamic multiobjective optimization problems require an algorithm to continuously track a changing Pareto optimal solutions over time.Therefore,a new predictive multiobjective genetic algorithm(PMGA) is proposed,in which the centroid of Pareto optimal is soluted by clustering.And Pareto optimal solutions are described by applying the centroid points and reference solutions.Then the prediction set is generated by using the inertia predict and Gauss mutation.After an environment changed,the prediction set is incorporated in the current population to increase the population diversity by guided fashion.Finally,experimental studies on dynamic multiobjective optimization problems are carried out.The simulation results show that PMGA can quickly adapt the dynamic environments and track Pareto optimal solutions.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited condition that causes sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system, leading to lung infections and problems with digesting food. CF is most common...


The soccer teams of the World Cup wear the jerseys manufactured by Taiwanese textile companies which are the contractors of such brand corporations as Nike and Adidas. Because Taiwanese textile companies suffer water pollution events, this study verifies the market reactions to the two announcements of water pollution events from 2014 to 2015. The two events are as follows: first, Greenpeace International enabled 38 scientists to announce the ban on fluoride in Madrid; second, Greenpeace International has detected fluoride residues from the water in remote mountainous areas of Europe and concluded that Taiwanese jerseys composed of fluoride pollute the rivers or snows. The findings of the research indicate that the announcement of the ban on fluoride induces negative abnormal returns because fluoride is the main materials for Taiwanese jerseys. Most importantly, the announcement of the water pollution in Europe from Taiwanese manufactured jerseys induces negative abnormal returns. Both of the two events enable the stock investors scared about the decrease of future profit and market share for Taiwanese textile corporations. Consequently, investors sell the stocks of these corporations, inducing the negative abnormal returns during the announcement of water pollution of Taiwanese jerseys. Water polluted issues are critical of firm values.


An approach aimed at enhancing learning by matching individual students' preferred cognitive styles to computer-based instructional (CBI) material is presented. This approach was used in teaching some components of a third-year unit in an electrical engineering course at the Queensland University of Technology. Cognitive style characteristics of perceiving and processing information were considered. The bimodal nature of cognitive styles (analytic/imager, analytic/verbalizer, wholist/imager and wholist/verbalizer) was examined in order to assess the full ramification of cognitive styles on learning. In a quasi-experimental format, students' cognitive styles were analysed by cognitive style analysis (CSA) software. On the basis of the CSA results the system defaulted students to either matched or mismatched CBI material. The consistently better performance by the matched group suggests potential for further investigations where the limitations cited in this paper are eliminated. Analysing the differences between cognitive styles on individual test tasks also suggests that certain test tasks may better suit certain cognitive styles.


Distal radius fractures is a common and frequently occurring disease in elderly people,who have suffered from osteoporosis.If the result of reduction is not good,malunion will occur.Malunion is a common complication of distal radius fracture and plays an important role in fracture recovery meanwhile.This article introduces the method to score wrist joint function briefly and summarizes the research data from aspects of both biomechanical analysis and clinical follow-up studies in recent years.At last,the article reviews the effects of malunion,such as distal radius shortening and distal radioulnar joint instability,on wrist joint functional outcome in brief.


The influences of inspection temperature and deformation rate on the physical properties of different mg-alloys were examined. The contribution describes the results ofthe investigation.


The paper presents the results of a study of the D-loop area in Landrace pigs (n=49). Amplification of the mtDNA D-loop fragment was performed according to Sanger's method. The experiments showed that modern Landrace pigs in the breeding farms of the Russian Federation are distinguished by a sufficient intra-breed diversity and have different haplotypes that belong to both the European and Asian haplogroups.


Finding out what has worked and what has not worked is essential for the advancement of human performance. Without assessment and evaluation, we cannot choose which performance intervention to discontinue, alter, maintain, or enhance (Kaufman, Keller and Watkins, 1996). We have a constant need to measure, analyse, and make decisions, yet we need to ask if we are assessing or evaluating. Both assessment and evaluation are important aspects of education—they are central to learning and teaching. However, the terms assessment and evaluation are often used interchangeably. This is erroneous. Assessment is concerned with measuring effectiveness. It is the process of making judgements and or measurements of the worth of a person or a process. Evaluation, on the other hand, involves gathering information related to learning activities or subjects. Evaluation involves adding a value aspect to the process. The value relates to the importance we assign to the information in determining success or failure. In geographical and environmental education, we often see research relating to the assessment of student learning as well as programme evaluation in the domains of formal and informal learning. An IRGEE editorial (Reid, 2018) called for further investment in research and evaluation to improve practice in environmental education. Before this, IRGEE published several studies on the evaluation of geographical or environmental education programmes. Later, IRGEE published a systematic review (Lane & Bourke, 2019) of assessment in geography education. The study concluded that greater clarity is needed regarding:


The recent global financial crisis has characterized by the adoption of the major central banks of large-scale unconventional monetary policies to provide the incentives which stimulate demand, these policies that involve a large expansion of central bank assets, long-term interest rate cuts, credit facilities for families and companies, easing quantitative, and interventions in Currency and stock markets, providing liquidity in local and foreign currencies, and monetary policies at zero interest rates, and all these to boost the economic activity.


Abstract In this article, the authors draw on their experiences of staging plays by early modern women to refute the classification of such texts as unperformable "closet drama". The theatrical aspects of Cary'sThe Tragedy of Mariam(1604/8), Cavendish and Brackley's The Concealed Fancies (c1645) and Margaret Cavendish's The Convent of Pleasure (1668) are discussed in detail with references to recent stagings. The authors argue that their practical engagement with these scripts opens up important questions about female performance and its relationship to performativity, as well as interrogating conventional definitions of theatre.


Abstract This paper With thanks to my colleagues Janet Aucock (University of St Andrews Library) and Rosemary Stenson (University of Glasgow Library) for their comments and advice. describes a recent project by Research Libraries UK to analyse the 'collective collection' of its member libraries, in order to understand the implications for the community of a collectively-managed print resource in the future. It discusses the work of OCLC Research in using the OCLC WorldCat database for this analysis, taking account of inaccurate data matching and its effects, and considers how the RLUK analysis feeds in to broader work across the UK, led by Jisc, to create a UK National Bibliographic Knowledgebase. It compares the findings of the OCLC Research study to those of an earlier similar analysis of the collective Association of Research Libraries collection in North America. The governance and funding complexity of the UK is described to account for the challenges inherent in taking a national approach to the problems of managing a collective collection. The UK Research Reserve is described as an example of a shared print approach, thus far only applied to journals, which has over the last 10 years been a successful initiative for a number of participant libraries in allowing them to free up shelf space by removing duplicate holdings. The collective collection work of a subset of RLUK, the White Rose University Consortium in Yorkshire, is described as an exemplar of an implementation of the findings of the RLUK-wide study within a regional context.


Women and identity values as core of identity changing values in world change belonging change and evolution commitment success priorities negotiating as equal friendship community transcendence going home fulfilment clinical social theory life history applications.


This special issue of Philosophical Magazine is the 4 of a series entitled "Instabilities Across the Scales". As the title implies, instabilities appear in various ways and at different scales of observation. They reflect a drastic change in the fundamental behaviour of a system, often acting as a precursor to local damage and eventual failure. In many fields of application, instabilities are now being viewed as vital, intriguing phenomena that need to be properly understood. This special issue deals with the modelling and numerical simulation of instabilities through contributions from the computational geology, mechanics, and mechanics of materials communities. The motivation for such multi-disciplinary treatment of "instabilities" has been the large number of similarities that exists between the analytical and numerical techniques and approaches used by these communities, despite the very different length and time scales that each one addresses. The seventeen contributions that make up this special issue discuss and review thestate-of-the-art models and computational procedures used for the simulation of instabilities at various length scales. They cover topics of common interest in research areas which share mechanics as a discipline, including geology, mechanics of materials, biology, civil engineering, metal forming, structural mechanics, etc. These papers were invited contributions from a selection of those made at the recent Fourth International Symposium on Instabilities Across the Scales, organised by the Guest Editors and Dr. A. Benallal at the Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie de Cachan (LMT-Cachan), in the Campus of the Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan in the south of Paris during June 4–6, 2014. This symposium was the fourth of a series which started in Cairns, Australia, in 2004, and was followed by a second edition organised in 2007 in Delft, and the third again in Cairns, Australia, in 2011. Invited contributions to the first three symposiums were published in three other special issues of Philosophical Magazine (Vol. 86, Numbers 21–22, 2006; Vol. 88, Numbers 28–29, October 2008, and Vol. 92, Numbers 28–30, October 2012). The manuscripts submitted for this special issue followed the standard peer review procedures and requirements of Philosophical Magazine. The special issue papers have been organised in terms of the length scales at which instabilities are addressed, starting with large geological scales, and followed by the intermediate scales associated with a diverse range of applications. They include instabilities in layered media associated with the internal buckling observed in some composite laminates, the periodic wrinkling of elastic layers on relatively compliant substrates a phenomenon observed in growing biological systems, and the collective motion of particles in granular materials. Finally, the lowest scale contributions deal with phenomena associated with the interaction of diffusing solute atoms with dislocations in dynamic strain ageing, the presence of precipitates in aluminium alloys in zones prone to localisation, amongst others. It is hoped that this series of articles will provide


Transplant container size effectively increased yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) As container size increased, a significant linear increase in eggplant early [y=7.46 + 0.021 (x-120.3), r2=0.80J and total [y=35.7 + 0.049 (x-120.3), r2 =0.59] fruit yields and tomato early [y = 74.63 + 0.143 (x -120.3), r2 = 0.85] fruit yields occurred.


Xinjiang is rich in coal resources,and their mainly coal-bearing strata are Badaowan and Xishanyao Formation of Early-Middle Jurassic.To be controlled by geological structure,coal accumulation occurred mainly in the interior of the structural basins.Coal-bearing structures are often syncline and monoclinic instructural basins.Tectonic deformation of main coal-bearing basins is weak,and has a favorable mining conditions.There are mainly low-rank bituminous coals,followed in middle and high-bituminous coal.The coal type are mainly in the long flame coal,non-caking coal,weakly caking coal and so on.Lithotypes are mainly durain and fusain,followed by a bright coal.Macroscopic type mainly consist of dull coal,semi-dull coal and semi-bright coal.Xinjiang posses good quality coal resources with high calorific value,low moisture content,low ash production rate,high volatile matter yield,low total sulfur content,phosphorus content and so on.