Presently there is great interest in lightwave networks based upon wavelength division multiplexing techniques. Such systems, as well other applications such as noise filters for optical amplifiers, will require compact, possibly tunable wavelength filter devices. In addition, further benefits may result if these devices could be monolithically integrated with photodetectors or optical amplifiers. Toward that goal we have demonstrated, for the first time, a wavelength selective coupler based upon forward coupling between nonidentical, vertically stacked InGaAsP waveguides on InP using an etched corrugated layer for phase matching. We have achieved a bandpass filter response with a 3 dB bandwidth (full width at half maximum) of 65Å with an interaction length of only 1.0 mm using a grating period of 14.4 μm.


Risk identification is the often neglected first step in the risk management process: potential problems specific to the project must be identified before quantification of the magnitude of the risk, or consideration of prevention or mitigation actions. This paper presents two research conclusions: systematic project risk identification during the transition from the design to construction (planning) phase benefits from a taxonomy of risk areas/potential problems for the specific type of construction involved; during construction execution, earned value analysis is an effective method to identify emerging risks from readily available project data bases. A taxonomy was developed from published references for infrastructure construction projects, validated by construction managers, and is the main contribution of this paper. Fifteen "risk areas" were used to organize 96 potential problems.


Recently, one popular discriminative training method for classifier design, Minimum Classification Error (MCE) training, has been significantly revised. This revision upgraded Large Geometric Margin Minimum Classification Error (LGM-MCE) training by embedding a kernel-based feature space projection mechanism. This latest MCE training is called Kernel Minimum Classification Error (KMCE) training and provides an efficient training procedure that can be performed in a comparatively low dimensional parameter space for a linear discriminant function defined in a kernel-projected high-dimensional feature space. Only KMCE's formalization was reported, but no experimental evaluations were conducted. In this paper, we evaluate KMCE training through systematic experiments and reveal that it achieves high classification rates when a reasonable amount (much less than needed by Support Vector Machines) of classifier parameters, such as weight vectors and prototypes, are available.


This paper provides results of a field study to increase understanding of employees' career motivation and commitment and its relation to employees' perception of identity, insight, and resilience. Three separate conditions influencing employee attraction to career orientation are selfidentity, insight, and resilience. These three component dimensions of employee career motivation are outlined and used to define an eight-phase crescendo model through which individuals tend to pass in their decision to form an affective career commitment. The analysis supports the notion of a stepwise movement from identity to insight to resilience in strengthening employees' career motivation and demonstrates how progressive phases are associated with career commitment. Although the levels and phases are progressively prepotent and valenced in predicting employee propensity to form an enduring career commitment, different patterns and paths through the phases for individuals are indicated. Employees having high career versus work or organization motivation warrant special attention in human resource development. It has been suggested that career commitment creates a source of organization and work motivation conducive to higher productivity, quality of work life, and a host of favorable human resource outcomes. In an organization field study, 738 high career commitment employees were compared with 740 randomly selected low-scoring employees, covering two years, 1995-1996. Significant differences were found in core job characteristics, critical psychological states, and organization/work outcome variables between the two career orientations. The merits of developing career motivation and commitment among members of the workforce are discussed against this backrop of results.


Objective To explore the association between activity of renin-angiotensin system and essential hypertension in Mongolian people in China.Methods Based on a previous survey,450 hypertensives and 590 normotensives were recruited as study.They were divided into three pedigree groups according to genealogy of hypertension,i.e.,hypertensive,non-hypertensive and unknown ones,and each group subdivided into hypertensive cases normal controls.Radioimmunoassay(RIA) was utilized to measure levels of angiotensin Ⅰ(Ang Ⅰ),angiotensinⅡ(Ang Ⅱ)and plasma rennin activity(PRA),respectively.Results There was significant difference in plasma level of Ang Ⅰand Ang Ⅱ and PRA in three pedigree groups(P0.001).Not only significant difference in levels of Ang Ⅰ and Ang Ⅱ between the hypertensives and normotensives in three pedigree(P0.05) was observed,but also significant difference in Agn Ⅰ and Ang Ⅱ was observed between the hypertensives in hypertensive pedigree and the normotensives in non-hypertensive pedigree,respectively(P0.05).There was significant difference only in plasma level of PRA between the hypertensive and normotensive group of hypertensive genealogy(P0.05).Conclusion Plasma level of Ang Ⅰ,Ang Ⅱ and PRA may be related to hypertension in Mongolian people,and PRA seems to be correlated with family history hypertension.


Since the reform and opening up,there has existed a problem of rural Hooligans in China's rural areas.The Hooligans are gradually involved in rural governance process and become a hazard to rural society.They even have fundamentally changed the village order,seriously affecting the ruling ability construction of village party organization.Therefore,from the point of view of village-level party organization construction,it is required to strengthen the Party's rural social guidance,deepen democratic autonomy concept,constantly improve the villager autonomy organization construction,and build the party-villager mutual governance system.


Based on the characteristics of concomitancy of multiple uncertainties in environmental health risk system,the blind number theory was introduced to the assessment of human health risk.Blind number models were developed to calculate exposure dose and characterize the health risk of heavy metals,and a classification model for cancer risk was put forward as well.As a case study,the models established were applied for health risk assessment of Pb,Zn,Cr,As,Cu,Ni and Cd in urban topsoil and dust of Tongling City.And possible values and their corresponding credible degrees of cancer and non-cancer risks were calculated simultaneously for the measured heavy metals.The results showed that the total expected value of non-cancer risk for the seven metals reached 2.036,far exceeding the safety threshold value 1.0.Especially for As,the non-cancer risk through ingestion of dust particles approached 1.438.In general,the expected value of non-carcinogenic risk for the measured seven metals decreases in the order of AsCrPbCuCdNiZn.Regarding carcinogen effects,the highest risk for As is associated with ingestion of dust particles and its overall expected value reached 5.195×10-4,far exceeding the upper limit(1.0×10-4) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA).In addition,the carcinogen risk for As through dermal contact with dust particles was also high,expected as 3.964×10-5 close to the highest acceptable risk value 5.0×10-5 proposed by the International Radiation Protection Association(ICRP).


The paper suggests the method for the synthesis of a two-cascade neural network for time series forecasting. The first cascade contains the basic (popular) time series forecast models with the optimal parameters for the given forecast step that allow the implementation in neural basis. The first cascade includes the basic models from the given system of models that are important for the improvement of the forecast quality. Each model of the first cascade of the neural network determines one coordinate of the weight vector of the neural element of the second cascade that is found as a result of their joint learning.


We present a game-based architecture for developing complex i nteractive components in computational logic. This supports the component oriented development of interactive syst ms, in such a way, that interactive components can be represented either as players tha t make moves according to the rules of a game or as umpires that enforce the rules on players, and the reby controlling their interactions. The architecture has already been successfully applied to develop knowledge-based front-ends to software packages, including multi-lingual support for such applications. The pot ntial of the architecture is that centralized organizations controlled by umpires or decentralized o rganizations in terms of autonomous players can be combined to form interactive systems of a very complex natur e.


In order to provide a theoretical basis for the actual application such as laser ranging and laser detection of the atmosphere,line-by-line integration was used to calculate the optical thickness of atmosphere molecular absorption.Discrete coordinate method was employed to study property of cirrus clouds at 1.064μm with the single scattering properties of cirrus clouds and the atmospheric absorption.The influence of cirrus clouds on laser transmission was analyzed by changing the incident angle,the observation location and some physical parameters of cirrus clouds.The results showed that the main effect of the cirrus clouds on laser transmission is scattering at 1.064μm and the absorption take a very small part in the extinction.The spatial distribution of the radiation is changed by scattering of the cirrus clouds significantly and the direction changes of scattering are decided by scattering phase function,observation zenith angles and scattering angle.This results are helpful to the actual application.


The present experiment has been conducted to study the kinds of weeds and the damages caused by them in five main cassava producing areas of Guangxi,viz.,Nanning,Wuzhou,Hezhou,Qinzhou and Baise.The results showed the presence of 33 kinds of weeds,belonging to 13 families,in Guangxi cassava fields,out of which,the dominant weeds were Spermacoce latifolia,Digitaria sanguinalis,Cyperu srotundus,Ageratum conyzoides and Imperate cylindrical,with 55.11,35.00,32.32 and 29.53% relative abundance,respectively.The common weeds included Imperate cylindrical,Commelina communis,Cyperus iria,Echinochloa crusgalli and Malvastrum coromandelianum,with 17.65,15.02,12.13,10.87 and 10.57% relative abundance,respectively.Different weed control measures,such as physical and mechanical,chemical techniques have been proposed to control the occurrence and damages caused by weeds,effectively.


An Enterprise Framework (EF) is a software architecture. Such frameworks expose a rich set of semantics and modeling paradigms for developing and extending enterprise applications. EFs are, by design, the cornerstone of an organization's systems development activities. EFs offer a streamlined and flexible alternative to traditional tools and applications which feature numerous point solutions integrated into complex and often inflexible environments. Enterprise Frameworks play an important role since they allow reuse of design knowledge and offer techniques for creating reference models and scalable architectures for enterprise integration. These models and architectures are sufficiently flexible and powerful to be used at multiple levels, e.g. from the integration of the planning systems of geographically distributed factories, to generate a global virtual factory, down to the monitoring and control system for a single production cell. These frameworks implement or enforce well-documented standards for component integration and collaboration. The architecture of an Enterprise framework provides for ready integration with new or existing components. It defines how these components must interact with the framework and how objects will collaborate. In addition, it defines how developers' work together to develop and extend enterprise applications based on the framework. Therefore, the goal of an Enterprise framework is to reduce complexity and lifecycle costs of enterprise systems, while ensuring flexibility.


The benefits provided by health-related technologies are often counterbalanced by the societal, legal and ethical challenges connected with the pervasive monitoring of people, as necessitated by such technological interventions. Through the ProtoPolicy research project we explored the co-creation and use of design fictions as a tool for open debate of pervasive health systems. Design fictions were co-created and tested in a series of design workshops with community groups in the UK. A thematic analysis of a debate among older people on a smart home and assisted living design fiction highlighted societal and ethical issues relevant to personal and pervasive health system design. We conclude that ethics, like 'usability', may be usefully based on engagement with directly or indirectly implicated publics and should not be designed into innovation by experts alone.


Bismuth silicon oxide (Bi12SiO20, BSO) is widely used as a photorefractive material for two-beam coupling (TBC) gain and holographic grating recording applications.1 As is the case for most photorefractive materials, BSO suffers from several inherent reflectivity induced problems due to its high index of refraction (n = 2.61 at 514 nm). Multiple internal reflections of the writing beams interact among themselves to write transmission gratings with periods at or near the primary grating period. Furthermore, interference of the incident beams with the internally reflected beams gives rise to additional reflection gratings. Both types of interaction combine to reduce the overall grating modulation strength and to increase the potential for crosstalk and cross coupling, particularly for the case of multiplexed holograms. Reducing these problematic multiple reflections by means of a simple double layer bandpass antireflection coating2 increases the TBC gain coefficient and the diffraction efficiency by increasing the effective grating modulation depth. The writing sensitivity of the crystal (as expressed by the grating rise time) and the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the incident beam polarization were also investigated for both uncoated and AR coated crystals.


Three hundred chemicals were tested for mutagenicity, under code, in Salmonella typhimurium, using a preincubation protocol. All tests were performed in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, and in the presence of liver S‐9 from Aroclor‐induced male Sprague‐Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters. The results and data from these tests are presented.


Sanskrit Studies in Germany, 1800–2015 German scholars came late to Sanskrit, but within a quarter century created an impressive array of faculties. European colleagues acknowledged Germany as the center of Sanskrit studies on the continent. This chapter examines the reasons for this buildup: Prussian university reform, German philological advances, imagined affinities with ancient Indian and, especially, Aryan culture, and a new humanistic model focused on method, objectivity, and criticism. The chapter's first section discusses the emergence of German Sanskrit studies. It also discusses the pantheism controversy between F. W. Schlegel and G. W. F. Hegel, which crucially influenced the German reception of Indian philosophy. The second section traces the German reception of the Bhagavad Gītā as a paradigmatic example of German interpretive concerns and reconstructive methods. The third section examines historic conflicts and potential misunderstandings as German scholars engaged with the knowledge traditions of Brahmanic Hinduism. A final section examines wider resonances as European scholars assimilated German methods and modeled their institutions and traditions on the German paradigm. The conclusion addresses shifts in the field as a result of postcolonial criticisms, epistemic transformations, critical histories, and declining resources.


Completion of the monetary union has given new impetus to the debate on tax coordination at the European level, particularly in the field of capital income taxation. Scope for coordinated action is given by the fear that excessive or harmful tax competition to attract foreign capital would reduce capital income taxes to politically and economically unsustainable levels, causing distortions in the internal market, tax revenue losses and an excessive tax burden transferred to labour income.


The anatomic resection approach is based on the patient9s unique anatomy adjusting for worn cartilage or bone loss. The femoral component is aligned around the primary transverse distal femoral axis around which the tibia follows a multi-radius of curvature. The tibia cut is made according to the patient9s native anatomy adjusting for worn cartilage and bone loss, and applying an anatomic amount of tibial slope. This technique minimises the need for ligamentous releases to a large degree preserving the competence of the patient9s soft tissue. Ligament and capsular releases can be used in difficult cases. Adjustments for the natural varus up to 3 degrees and slope of the tibial bone cut (3 – 10 degrees) further aids in knee balancing. The final alignment may not agree with a neutral hip-knee-ankle mechanical alignment on full length standing x-rays, leaving varus knees in slight varus, and valgus legs in neutral. Since little or no balance is required, this operation can be performed efficiently. Personalise the reconstruction and alignment as much as possible for each patient. The traditional "one size fits all" method where all patients have a center hip, knee, and ankle alignment needs to be reevaluated and reserved for the valgus leg.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of baicalin and wogonoside contents in Xiaochaihu decoction. Methods Decoction pieces were mixed and decocted with water. The chromatographic column was Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18( 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) ; the mobile phase was composed of 0. 2% phosphate acid-water( A) and acetonitrile ( B) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm,the temperature of column was 25℃,and the injection volume was 15 μl. Results Baicalin and wogonoside were separated at baseline within 30 min with good linearity; the standard curves for baicalin and wogonoside were Y = 44. 16X-36. 22 ( r = 0. 999,9) and Y = 52. 08X-28. 69( r = 0. 999,9) ,respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 1% ,and the limits of qualification were 0. 615,6 μg/ml for baicalin and 0. 220,8 μg/ml for wogonoside. The recovery rates ( n = 6) were 95. 73% ( RSD = 0. 8% ) for baicalin and 97. 02% ( RSD =1. 56%) for wogonoside. Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,stable,and reliable in determining the contents of baicalin and wogonoside in Xiaochaihu decoction,and it can be used for the quality control of this preparation.


The adsorption of Cr(VI) onto glycine-modified crosslinked chitosan (GMCCR) resin has been investigated. Batch experiments were performed to examine kinetics, adsorption isotherm, pH effect, and thermodynamic parameters. The effect of pH for the adsorption of Cr(VI) was studied at range from 2 to 6 and the equilibrium was accomplished within 150 minutes and maximum removal was achieved under the optimum conditions at pH 3 . The result obtained from equilibrium adsorption studies are fitted Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and the data was found that the equilibrium data agreed very well with the Langmuir model . The maximum uptake was found to be 1.5 mmol/g (calc 1.75 mmol/g) at 250C. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption system were determined at 298 K, 308 K and 318 K (ΔH° =22.85 kJ•mol−1;ΔG° = −33.17 to −36.93 kJ•mol−1 and ΔS° = 188 J•K−1•mol−1). The positive values of ΔH° and ΔS° suggest an endothermic reaction and increase in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. The negative values of ΔG° indicating a spontaneous adsorption process. The kinetic process was described very well by a pseudo-second-order rate equation.


This article focuses on the new formats of journalistic texts underlying the periodical internet edition Esquire Russia. The author believes that the game is "a means of expanding our social self" (M. McLuhan). The game is possibly the optimal model for multimedia journalism in the Internet space. Postmodern media audiences want to rethink life and to model new forms of the game. Therefore, the game interaction may be the most effective form of network media


Technical paper issued by the Bureau of Mines over experiments conducted on the back pressure of oil wells. The results of the experiments are presented and discussed. This paper includes tables, photographs, and illustrations.


Analysis of scientific and patent literature shows the promising results of searching biologically active compounds among derivatives of aromatic aminoacids. For many years at the Medical Chemistry department of the National University of Pharmacy the research has been conducted in the field of development of synthetic methods and study of physico-chemical and pharmacological properties of aromatic acids, in particular, N-phenylanthranilic acids and products of their transformation in order to search active and harmless medicines. The synthesis of methyl esters of 6-nitro-N-phenylanthranilic acids has been carried out by Fisher esterification in the absolute methanol medium in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Substituted 6-nitro-N-phenylanthranilic acids have been obtained by Ullmann reaction by the interaction of 6-nitro-2-chlorobenzoic acids with arylamines and by arylation of 6-nitro-N-phenylanthranilic acids by halogenobenzenes derivatives in the medium of n-amylalcohol, in the medium of dimethylformamide, without a solvent in the presence of copper or CuO. The structure of the compounds has been confirmed by elemental analysis, IRand NMR-spectroscopy. The purity has been controlled by the method of thin-layer chromatography in methanol-hexane (1:1.5) and ethylacetate-methanol-ammonia (8.5:1:0.5). The computer prognosis of possible types of the biological activity of 9 methyl esters of 6-nitro-N-phenylanthranilic acids synthesized for the first time has been conducted with the help of PASS programme. It has been found experimentally that the substances synthesized possess the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, bacteriostatic, fungistatic and antidiuretic activities. According to the classification by K.K.Sydorov the compounds synthesized when introduced intragastrically belong to low toxic compounds (DL50=1200-2500 mg/kg). Some regularities of the "structure – biological activity – toxicity" relationship have been determined.


This chapter presents the striking similarities between the cases of Mr Kadi and Josef K., and indeed their contrasting conclusions, to delve into the insights of Franz Kafkas fictional depictions of the law. These focused heavily, among other themes, on the experience of law for those who are subject to the legal systems demands but who do not have, at that moment at least, privileged access to its inner workings. Rather, therefore, than contributing to the literature on Kadi which focuses on intra- and inter-systemic normative conundra, this chapter seeks to understand law as it is experienced as a social artefact which primarily serves and seeks to regulate the actions of people who are not lawyers. Finally, this chapter draws further on the Kadi saga to demonstrate that, beyond these conceptual concerns, certain empirically observable contemporary trends within the law are contributing additional complexity to this problem.


The article explores the main aspects of the introduction and use of accounting on the basis of outsourcing. It is noted that the purpose of the article is to examine and evaluate the current state of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing, as well as to determine the efficiency, feasibility and impact of its application on the activities of enterprises, in particular, in the context of reducing the company's costs. The concepts of outsourcing and accounting outsourcing, their types, goals and causes are distinguished. Several factors for the selection of outsourcing companies that should be taken into attention when choosing a business entity for conduct of accounting. A separate situation on the calculation of economic efficiency from the use of accounting outsourcing is considered, on the example of the presented enterprise it is proved that its use is efficient and economically substantiated. It is determined that use of accounting outsourcing appears the most optimal for small and medium-sized enterprises. It is noted that outsourcing of accounting services allows not only to focus on a reliable reflection of the facts of economic activity of companies, but also on the rational use of their resources. A number of advantages and disadvantages of accounting at the enterprise for various forms of accounting organization are identified and compared. The article outlines a number of problems faced by a modern enterprise when choosing the use of accounting services on the basis of outsourcing and which slow down the application of outsourcing practice at such enterprises. The financial benefits of a domestic enterprise from the use of outsourcing of accounting services are examined, appropriate generalizations, conclusions and proposals are made. The need for further improvement is substantiated and the prospects for using outsourcing of accounting services in the work of domestic enterprises are determined.


With the wide-spread use of digital video, quality considerations have become essential, and industry demand for video quality measurement standards is rising. Various organizations are working on such standards. This paper reviews some of the existing standards documents, on-going work and future trends in this space.


It's a long way from the cell body of a neuron to its axonal tip—several feet or more in the longest human neurons, and, even in the smallest ones, the length of the axon can be hundreds of times the width of the cell. Transporting cargo along that distance is primarily the job of microtubules of the cytoskeleton, but it is aided in some small measure by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a system of internal membranes that is continuous with the nuclear membrane and pervades the cell. But the ER has not been thought to play much of a role in transport of proteins over such long distances. That view has begun to change recently, however, as a small number of proteins have been shown to be trafficked within the ER along the length of the axon. In this issue of PLoS Biology, Shaul Yogev, Eyal Schejter, and Ben-Zion Shilo add to that list and show that it includes a cluster of proteins whose combined action plays a key role in development of the fly visual system. In the developing visual system of Drosophila, the axons of photoreceptor neurons grow until they reach a target layer on the outer surface of the brain called the lamina. There, they release a series of proteins that trigger neurogenesis in lamina precursor cells. One of these factors is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor. The ligand, called Spitz, requires an internal chaperone called Star to get it where it is going and must be cleaved by a protease called Rhomboid-3 before it is released in its active form. The authors began their investigation by showing that there was no Rho-3 messenger RNA in the axon, suggesting that, unlike many other proteins at the axon terminus, Rho-3 is not synthesized from mRNA transported along microtubules to the axon tip. Within the cell body, the region that surrounds the photoreceptor cell's nucleus, Rho-3 is known to be linked to the ER, while another Rho, called Rho-1, is not. While Rho-1 can cleave Spitz, it does so only at the cell body, not at the axon terminus. What accounts for that specificity? The authors identified membrane targeting sequences on each Rho; when they switched them, the two proteins traded places. Rho-3 that could not bind to the ER could not process Spitz at the axon terminus, while Rho-1 with an ERtargeting signal could, indicating that ER localization of Rho-3 is the critical event in shuttling it to the end of the axon where it can cleave Spitz. By tagging Rho-3 with a fluorescent protein and an ER-specific marker, they showed that the protein was continuously distributed along the length of the axon, confirming the importance of the ER in trafficking of Rho-3 to the end


An r-augmented tree is a rooted tree plus r edges added from each leaf to ancestors. For d, g, r ∈ N, we construct a bipartite r-augmented complete d-ary tree having girth at least g. The height of such trees must grow extremely rapidly in terms of the girth. Using the resulting graphs, we construct sparse non-k-choosable bipartite graphs, showing that maximum average degree at most 2(k− 1) is a sharp sufficient condition for k-choosability in bipartite graphs, even when requiring large girth. We also give a new simple construction of non-k-colorable graphs and hypergraphs with any girth g.


In this study attempt to estimate the impact of schooling attainment on an important indicator of labour market performance: wealth. OLS and IV regressions produced economically and statistically significant estimates, with OLS estimate of about 18 percent and IV estimate of about 30 percent when pooled DHS is used and about 56 percent when HNLSS data are employed. We have no evidence that OLS estimates are an artifact of the way the dependent variable is constructed or influential observations are driving observed outcome. In our IV regression specification, econometric tests prove that instrument is strong. Indicative and formal tests of instrument validity such as addition of new relevant variables, falsification tests, plausibly exogenous test and over-identification test are proofs of instrument validity. A number of econometric strategies implemented indicate that influential observations and selective migration are not biasing our results.


The concentrations of Cd, Ca and Fe, the change of weight coefficients and lipid peroxidation(LPO) in the organs of mice exposed by CdCl 2 are studied. The results show that the concentrations of Cd, Ca and Fe in the organs of mice induced by CdCl 2 are significantly higher than those in the control group;the Ca and Fe steady state in mice is disturbed. Meanwhile, the weight coefficients and LPO in some organs are clearly changed. These results suggest that unusual content of Ca and Fe in the organs may be one of the important factors in cell injury caused by cadmium.


The invention discloses an anti-wrinkle high-elasticity blend fiber, which is blended and woven by the following components in percentage by weight: 35%-44% of a rabbit-hair protein transgenic fiber, 26%-28% of a corn fiber, 18%-20% of a soybean protein fiber, 8%-10% of a silkworm protein fiber and 4%-7% of a pineapple leaf fiber. The anti-wrinkle high-elasticity blend fiber is blended and woven by a plurality of fibers, so that the anti-wrinkle high-elasticity blend fiber has the characteristics of being high in tensile strength, not easy to drape, long in service cycle, breathable and comfortable.


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Children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of developing substance use disorders, according to a new AAP clinical report. Treating ADHD patients with stimulant medications may decrease the incidence of substance use but also poses a


This paper aims to explore the model of curriculum evaluation in use in the Queensland senior secondary school system in ways that lead to identification of some elements of effective curriculum evaluation. It does this by exploring the broad orientation of the Queensland senior system in the context of some key questions about the nature, development and conceptualisation of curriculum evaluation, and then by examining in some detail the model for curriculum evaluation developed by the Queensland Board of Senior Secondary School Studies. This operational detail emphasises some key implications for curriculum evaluation. The paper concludes with a discussion of some possible elements of effective curriculum evaluation.


The invention discloses an instant frequency estimation method based on edge detection. Through the use of the time-frequency spectrum of the short-time Fourier transform, one can effectively feel the frequency variation of the signal components and the boundary technology of effectively extracting the picture pixel changes in SOBEL operator edge detection. When the two are combined, the frequency of some order component of the signal can be effectively extracted. According to the invention, the edge detection technology in picture processing technology is employed. Under proper parameters, it is possible to rapidly and accurately determine the frequency edges. In comparison to other methods, the method is advantageous both in terms of the complexity and the calculation amount.


The structure of Notes to A Journey to the West by Dong Shuo is unique in its structure.Completely different from the traditional time-and-space structure in classical Chinese novels,it is uneven in time-and-space distribution.It on the one hand enriches the traditional circular structure and on the other hand,is characterized by a symmetrical structural distribution.


Translocation and accumulation of germanium in paddy soil-rice plant system in greenhouse were studied using rice cultivar'Jinongda 3'.The added levels of germanium to paddy soil were 0.0,5.0,10.0,20.0 and 40.0 μg·g-1,respectively.All treatment levels shared the same distribution law of germanium in rice plant body,being strawrootunpolished rice in terms of germanium concentration in dried organs.Ge concentration in rice increased rapidly with the increasing Ge content in soil and Ge concentration in rice plant could reach 17.8 μg·g-1 at the added level of 40 μg·g-1.When germanium concentration was 20.0 μg·g-1 in soil,rice plant absorbed germanium during the whole growth period,but germanium concentrated more in root and straw at plasma stage than at other stages.When the germanium content was 20 μg·g-1 in soil,necrotic spots appeared on the leaf blades.The fitting curve showed that the averaged grain weight per pot would be decreased by 10% when germanium content was more than 34.3 μg·g-1 in soil.The results can theoretically support the study of environmental and ecologic effect of germanium.


With the rapid development of industrial and agricultural production in China, the industrial waste water and city wastewater discharged to water environment are increasing. Anaerobic biological treatment is a low-cost wastewater treatment technology and is also a combined technology of the wastewater treatment and energy recovery, it can be used as a core part of energy production and environmental protection system, its product can be actively used to result economic value. After in-depth and systematically study the mechanism and mass transfer theory of anaerobic biological treatment technology, this paper designs anaerobic reactor of high efficiency in mass transfer, namely the anaerobic baffled - elastic packing biofilm reactor.


The polymer materials are widely used in various occasions, of which polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) is used in architectural transparent roofs, telephone booths, stairs, and their fire risk is getting more and more attention.
The ignition conditions (critical surface temperatures and critical mass flow rates) of polymer materials have extensively researched, but their internal heat transfer studies have been relatively rare, especially in wind environments. Considering that internal heat transfer research is important for the heat transfer of multi-layer materials, the study of heat transfer inside materials is also worthy of attention.
In this work, we found that in-depth absorption theory is more suitable for solid pyrolysis models under wind conditions. An absorption coefficient depends with temperature are assumed, and it fits better than the constant absorption coefficient. In addition, this work made some improvements to the ignition model by employing the theory of in-depth absorption.


In this paper we show that M(G)** determines G when G is a compact topological group. It is a new proof for Theorem of Gharamani and Mcclure.


objective: This study was undertaken to assess whether the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is retained from childhood into adulthood. Method: A search of the literature yielded nine prospective studies in which cohorts ofchildren with the disorder were formed and then reexamined 4-16 years later to determine the level ofretained ADHD. The resulting data were subjected to nonlinear regression analysis to ascertain the relationship with chronological age. Results: The data followed an exponential decline over time to a high degree of accuracy. Conclusions: The rate of A DHD in a given age group appears to decline by 50% approximately every S years. Ifa prevalence ofADHD in childhood of4% is assumed and the exponentialdecline extrapolated, the estimated rate ofadult ADHD ranges from about 0.8% at age 20 to 0.05% at age 40. (AmJ Psychiatry 1996; 153:1143-1146)


In the postwar years, Grace Lee Boggs developed her defining contribution to Marxist social theory within a tight group of theorists and activists dissenting from the official doctrine of Stalinism and, later, of Trotskyism: the Johnson-Forest Tendency (later Correspondence). Named after its initiators, CLR James (Johnson) and Raya Dunayevskaya (Forest), this Trotskyist splinter group elaborated an original theoretical position that soon forced them to sever their ties with the Old Left and anticipate some of the themes of the New Left. While the figure of James usually looms large in historical accounts of the group, their political position was borne out of intense internal debate, one in which the political contribution of its women is not often highlighted.This short essay lends a renewed focus to those arcane debates, as they constitute the core of Grace Lee Boggs's contribution to a version of Marxism, one both humane and emancipatory in its vision.


The concept of short-time waveform distortion (SD) permits us to express in numbers the subjective quality of fine details in a TV picture. Various schemes to do so are briefly reviewed in order to find a method that will apply most advantageously for the system MU. S. and Canada (4 MHz, 525 lines). Having chosen the T-step technique, an oscilloscope graticule is presented together with methods of determining short-time waveform distortion arithmetically without a graticule.


The individual and combined effect of phosphoric acid modification, the addition of an alumina-based binder, and steaming on the acid−base and catalytic properties of HZSM-5 have been investigated. Whereas all three processes reduce the concentration of Bronsted acid sites, the underlying mechanisms and the extent of the effects vary. Upon addition of an alumina-based binder or during steaming of the parent zeolite dealumination is the sole process occurring. Impregnation of HZSM-5 with phosphoric acid leads to hydrolysis of framework aluminum and to the condensation of Bronsted acid sites with POH groups. This latter process can be reversed in the presence of an aqueous phase. In the forming process, this leads to the reversible formation of phosphate anions and phosphoric acid and the redistribution of phosphate species between the zeolite and the alumina binder. This mobility is mitigated by introducing phosphate species to the (alumina) binder indicating that in aqueous phase equilibrium between phosp...


This study aims to determine the potential of planting media residues from rice crop residues in the second planting period which were given input of a mixture of kiapu compost and straw with various compositions with the indicator plant used was kailan which belongs to the potential vegetable group and has a fairly high nutritional value. The study used a randomized block design with treatments consisting of 5 compost mixtures and 2 comparison treatments, namely pearl NPK fertilizer treatment and control so the treatment was as follows; M0 : control, M1 : 100% kiapu, M2 : 75% kiapu + 25% rice straw, M3 : 50% kiapu + 50% rice straw, M4 : 25% kiapu + 75% rice straw, M5 : 100% straw and M6 : NPK. The results showed that repeated application of the compost mixture was able to give a positive residual effect so that it could increase growth, yield and N uptake in kailan plants. The increase in plant length due to the addition of repeated compost ranged from 1.96% to 22.79%, leaf area ranged from 11.28% to 75.63% and total plant fresh weight ranged from 28.85% to 59.94%. The treatment with compost significantly increased root N uptake, canopy N uptake and total N uptake compared to control, ranging from 223.67% to 283.36% at root N uptake, 175.03% to 232.47% at canopy N uptake and 194, 43% to 241.63% on the total N uptake of plants.


Abstract : A series of tests at M=4.28 was conducted in the 40 x 40 cm aeroballistics tunnel no. 2 using a 0.289-scale model of the Angled Arrow projectile with various nose and tail modifications. From these tests the normal force coefficients (CN), the pitching moment coefficients about the base (C0B) and the axial force coefficients (CA) were obtained. These data are presented. (Extracted from report)


Older people are being denied council-run care at home because of rapidly rising costs and changes in eligibility criteria, a charity that supports older people and carers claims.


The magnitudes of the red giant branch tip (TRGB) and the distance moduli of the nearby dwarf irregular galaxy IC 1613 have been determined from the near-infrared luminosity functions (LFs) of the resolved stars in the galaxy. Applying a Savitzky-Golay filtering, we derived the second derivatives of the LFs, and estimated the apparent magnitudes of the TRGB as $m_J\;


ciclosporin 150 mg/day was started, which was mildly effective. Psoriasis restricted to the nail is rare. In the present case, nail dystrophy was observed in all 20 nails, whereas no psoriasis lesion was observed in any area other than the nail. Histological examination revealed a number of mast cells below the nail epidermis, as well as intraepithelial mast cells, which were positive for toluidine blue. It is known that tryptaseand chymase-positive mast cells are increased in number in the upper dermis of psoriatic lesions at an early phase. Furthermore, upon activation, degranulated mast cells release various growth factors and mediators. However, there are only a few reports on epidermal mast cells in psoriasis. Using the Gomori–Giemsa stain, Green et al. examined epidermal mast cells in biopsy specimens from patients with neurodermatitis and prurigo, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, blastomycosis, bromoderma), pemphigus, and urticaria pigmentosa. They suggested that the inflammatory conditions that show numerous dermal mast cells within an area of the chronic dermal inflammation and epidermal proliferation may allow the migration of mast cells into the epidermis. By contrast, there are no reports of intraepidermal mast cells in nail psoriasis to date. The possible mechanisms of mast cell invasion into the epidermis are related to mast cell-derived proteases. Tryptase can affect the basement membrane, because it degrades fibronectin and activates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, pro-urokinase, and gelatinase. Tryptase can modify the extracellular matrix and basement membrane, which subsequently allows mast cells to migrate into the epidermis. Mast cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of nail psoriasis by T-cell activation and angiogenesis, via mast cell-derived cytokines such as interferon-c and interleukin-17, because various inflammatory cytokines are expressed in psoriatic nails.


A light-sensitive sensor and the luminescent display device using the same are provided to improve the photoreception of the light-sensitive sensor by forming the light incidence part having different permeability to the external light. The light-sensitive sensor(10) comprises a plurality of optical detecting devices(11) outputting the electric signal according to the light incidence part(12) consisting of a plurality of light incidence films. The light incidence part has the differently permeability to the external light(13). The photo diode is formed with the parallel structure in order to improve the current value. In order to improve the sensitivity to the light of the photo diode, the light incidence part is formed on the optical path that the external light is incident to the photo diode. The light incidence part is made of a plurality of light incidence films(11a,11b) whose permeability is different to the external light.


Armstrong and Nelson springs, nationally famous for their trout habitat, spawning areas, and fishing, represent an important water source of previously unknown origin. The springs issue alongside the Yellowstone River in a trend which parallels the central axis of the Paradise Valley. The springs issue from the Quaternary Yellowstone River alluvium aquifer which probably is interstratified with the Quaternary alluvial fan aquifer to the east. Both Quaternary aquifers are underlain with the Mississippian Madison Group aquifer. Major Laramide faults, perpendicular to the trend of the valley, cut the Madison Group aquifer. Each of the three aquifers yields water for local domestic purposes. Based upon measurement of static water levels in domestic water wells and review of well reports for those wells, the local groundwater system is interpreted to be unconfined. The groundwater system receives recharge in the mountain ranges which border the valley. Groundwater migrates from the recharge areas toward the central axis of the valley. The discharges and temperatures of individual springs in the Armstrong and Nelson springs systems were intermittently measured from March, 1987 through February, 1988. The size and number of springs in each system were also observed during this period. These measurements and observations indicate the discharge, temperature, size, and number of individual springs increase through spring and summer and decrease through fall and winter. Water samples collected from the spring systems and three aquifers indicate each yields water of calcium-bicarbonate type. Comparison of the water samples and historical Yellowstone River water quality data on a Piper plot suggests Armstrong Spring, Nelson springs, and the Yellowstone River alluvial aquifer yield water of the same quality. Also, the Piper plot comparison suggests the springs and the Yellowstone River alluvial aquifer receive recharge from both the Yellowstone River and the alluvial fan aquifer. The water quality of the Madison Group aquifer is dissimilar to the quality of the springs. The springs are interpreted to represent depression springs which serve as a discharge area for the unconfined groundwater system. The springs vary in discharge, temperature, size, and number in response to seasonal fluctuations in recharge.


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Although the head-to-head trial of bevacizumab and ranibizumab is being hailed as a landmark study, retina specialists are saying its results are unlikely to change practice patterns in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.


Determination of the absolute configuration (AC) of chiral molecules is a key issue in many fields related to chirality such as drug development, the asymmetric reaction screening, and the structure determination of natural compounds. While various methods such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine the AC, a simple and cheap method is always expected. So far, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy has been widely used to ascertain the AC and enantiomeric excess (ee) values by applying appropriate organic probes. Here, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy was applied to determine the AC and ee values of a series of amino acid and amino alcohol. The measurements were conducted by mixing the free amino terminated amino acids or amino alcohols with an achiral 1-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde. Upon in situ formation of the Schiff base complexes, the system showed emission enhancement and CPL in the presence of Al 3+ , whose intensity and sign can be used to assign the chiral sense of the amino acids and amino alcohols. The authenticity of the method was further compared with the established CD spectroscopy, revealing that CPL spectra of formed Al 3+ complex were effective to determine the AC of chiral species.


Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) are often used to improve soils by speeding up the rate of consolidation, and they are increasingly used for remediation of contaminated soils. When PVDs are installed in the ground, there is always a zone of disturbed soil surrounding them. The extent and the impact of this "smear" zone are difficult to quantify, and this uncertainty complicates the use of laboratory values in design. Consequently, obtaining in situ values for the hydraulic conductivity and horizontal coefficient of consolidation that include the effects of smear would be of great use to engineers who use PVDs in design. A method that utilizes PVDs to obtain in situ measurements of these parameters is described. The primary advantages of this method are its cost-effectiveness and the inclusion of smear in the results. A trial test was conducted on San Francisco Bay, California, mud. Some problems encountered during the initial phase of testing are described, and possible solutions are discussed. This promising method yields values that are logical and that compare well with published values for San Francisco Bay mud.


Health care costs in the United States are approaching a trillion dollars per year, about 14% of the Gross National Product. Despite this enormous cost, about 20% of the population are without health insurance. An even greater number are only partially insured. Under these circumstances, what are the roles of technical innovations such as telemedicine and electronic medical records? Will these innovations, if implemented, reduce health care costs, or just make the problem worse? The paper considers how these innovations are more likely to increase than to decrease costs.


A geometrical inverse heat conduction problem is solved for the infrared scanning cavity detection by the boundary element method using minimal energy technique. By minimizing the kinetic energy of temperature field, boundary element equations are converted to the quadratic programming problem. A hypothetical inner boundary is defined such that the actual cavity is located interior to the domain. Temperatures at hypothetical inner boundary are determined to meet the constraints of mea- surement error of surface temperature obtained by infrared scanning, and then boundary element analysis is peformed for the position of an unknown boundary (cavity). Cavity detection algorithm is provided, and the effects of minimal energy technique on the inverse solution method are investigated by means of numerical analysis.


The political participation of the focus of current politics field in recent yeas and some plentiful and substantial achievements have been mads,but exist some problems in actual work.such as main restricted factors of political participation of migrant works,layering resarch of migrant works,and operability degree of political participation,how to distinguish the kingsof political participation and so on.


PURPOSE: A method for applying an improved scattering bar OPC(Optical Proximity Compensation) for a sub-half wavelength lithography pattering and a lithographic projection apparatus using the same are provided to enlarge an overall area of the scattering bar while reducing an amount of separate scattering bars in a layout design. CONSTITUTION: A mask having a target pattern consisting of features(31,32) to be imaged is formed. The target pattern consisting of the features to be depicted is obtained. Width of the features to be imaged is increased. The mask is corrected to arrange in proximity to edges of the features to be imaged and to include assist features having lengths corresponding to the increased widths of the features to be imaged. The features to be imaged are adjusted to the width corresponding to the target pattern. The mask includes the assist features and the features to be imaged.


I. Introduction Numerous investigations have been directed toward aspects of rational life insurance purchases and optimal coverage levels under differing conditions. Most of these studies have taken as "given" the design of life insurance contracts and have focused on optimal consumer responses to available insurance opportunities. 1 However, in works by Borch (1960, 1983), Arrow (1963, 1974) and Raviv (1979), contract design has been considered explicitly, yet in none of these studies has the focus been on life insurance; rather, general property and liability insurance received attention.


We consider inductive limits A of sequences A 1 →A 2 →... of finite direct sums of C * -algebras of continuous functions from compact Hausdorff spaces into full matrix algebras. We prove that A has topological stable rank (tsr) one provided that A is simple and the sequence of the dimensions of the spectra of A i is bounded. For unital A, tsr(A)=1 means that the set of invertible elements is dense in A. If A is infinite dimensional, then the simplicity of A implies that the sizes of the involved matrices tend to infinity, so by general arguments one gets tsr(A i )≤2 for large enough is whence trsr(A)≤2. The reduction of tsr from two to one requires arguments which are strongly related to this special class of C * -algebras


External excitation, propagation, and ion heating for the ion‐Bernstein wave (IBW) are studied for the single‐ion and two‐ion species plasmas, using particle simulation. It is found that the value of ω/Ωi near the antenna position influences the excitation characteristics of the IBW. The wavelength and group velocity of the propagating IBW agree well with those calculated from the linear dispersion relation. Corresponding to the experiment done with the JIPP T‐II‐U device [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 2339, (1985)], the 3ΩD heating process in the plasma composed of deuterium‐like and hydrogen‐like ions is investigated. The wave energy is deposited into the bulk and tail of the deuterium‐like ions because of third harmonic cyclotron resonance and the bulk of the hydrogen‐like ions because of 3/2 ΩH cyclotron subharmonic resonance.The possibility is also discussed that the heating efficiency may not depend on the concentration of the deuterium‐like ion in the 3ΩD heating in the actual tokamak experiment.


This paper discusses steps taken to size a thermal management system for an aircraft propulsion electric machine containing additively manufactured coils integrated with heat pipes aimed at boosting its specific power. Experimental setups are used to size and characterize heat pipes for the application and 3D thermal FEA is used to determine optimum heat transfer coefficient of convective boundaries. Geometric details of fin-based surface area enhancement required to reach target combined overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and surface area (A) performance (UA) in W/K, is worked out for relevant boundaries and the resulting UA is verified in 3D thermal FEA. Thermal management system's UA (by extension specific power) sensitivity to coolant temperature is explored and temperature distribution plots of optimized machine components are presented and discussed.


The Industrial Revolution turned a new leaf in the economic growth of India, which is famous for its industries and agriculture. Notably, the textile industry, which is one of the major sectors, has had rapid growth throughout India in general and Tamil Nadu in particular. The government of India has earmarked seven hundred crore rupees in its twelfth five-year plan during 2012–2017 for the development of textiles to increase production at a large scale. For the largest production operations, the necessity arises for the treatment of effluents to be carried out jointly by companies or as individual industries. Apparently, the treatment of textile effluents generates sludge in bulk quantities. This poses a challenge for its disposal. So, attempts were taken to use the sludge as an affordable construction material. Sludge was collected from the effluent treatment plants of the textile industries located in the State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT), Perundurai, which is popularly known as a commercial hub. To make a brick, materials like hypo sludge, textile sludge, quarry dust, fly ash, and gypsum were added in suitable proportion. The manufacture of bricks was done in accordance with Indian standard practice. Not only observations but also evaluations were made correctly. There was an increase in strength, which satisfied the criteria of durability, as hypo sludge content was increased. All the combinations that were formulated for the production of brick satisfy Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) requirements.


Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of continent anal urinary diversion of sigmoid neobladder in 16 male patients. Methods From June 1999 to March 2008, 16 male patients (range 48 to 83 years old) with bladder cancer received continent anal urinary diversion of sigmoid neobladder after radical cystectomy. Pathology reports showed that all cases were transitional cell carcinoma, 14 cases had T2N0M0 stage tumor and 2 had T3N1M0 stage. The neobladder was created by using 20 cm of distal sigmoid colon with antireflux uretero-intestinal anastomosis. The continuity of the colon was restored. A retrospective analysis was performed on the obtained data. Results The mean (range) operation time was 3.5 (3.0 ~ 4.0) hours, and mean (range) blood transfusion was 400 (200 ~ 600) mL. There was no perioperative complications. The mean (range) cystometric capacity was 460 (350 ~ 560) mL at 3 months after surgery. 4 patients were evaluated by urinary urodynamic at 6 months after surgery. The maximum urinary flow rate, the postvoiding residual and the maximum voiding / pressure were 38.1(19.4 ~ 78.4) mL / s, 0 mL and 45.0 (23.6 ~ 63.4) cmH2O, respectively. One patient developed pelvic metastasis at 10 months after surgery, one patient had an occasional fever after surgery. There were no occurances of urothelial recurrence, disorder of acid-base and serum electrolytes balance. Conclusions Continent anal urinary diversion of sigmoid neobladder in male patients can offer a sufficient protection of the upper urinary tract with a low complication rate and good long-term voiding and continence.


Not all women suffer from discrimination and oppression to the same extent. Talk of shared codes of deprivation and oppression toward all women and the proposal of a uniform remedy are liable to perpetuate the discrimination and exclusion of women who belong to groups with unique characteristics, such as ethnic or national groups. One of the acute criticisms leveled against Catharine MacKinnon, among the pioneers of feminist jurisprudence, came from feminist women belonging to a deprived minority group in the United States, AfricanAmerican women in particular. 2 According to these women, MacKinnon's theory regarding the deprivation of women with a uniform "universal identity" ignores the patterns of their deprivation as black women, which also differ from the patterns of oppression faced by black men. 3 In this short article, I will seek to challenge the implication of the "universal identity" of women and to expose the particularity within it. I will argue that it is correct to regard the universal female identity as a suitable model only when this identity is not oblivious to the components and characteristics of the groups of women within it. The reference point in this article will be the struggle of the women's movement for suitable representation on the boards of directors of government corporations in Israel. This will be presented as an example illustrating how a feminist struggle in the name of "all women," despite all of its achievements, neglected Arab women. When the Supreme Court of Israel was asked to accept a petition demanding suitable representation for Arab women as a distinct discriminated group that had yet to taste the legal victory achieved on the issue of the representation of women, it adopted a different attitude and legal arguments than those it adopted when asked to rule on the issue of representation of "women." An analysis of the judicial rhetoric used in these rulings will help to challenge the existing definitions of who constitutes "we women," and to determine when it is possible to speak on behalf of all of us, the women.


Iron binding systems (heme iron binding gases alone or with iron binding salts) were evaluated for antibotulinal activity in ground pork. Compared with meat systems containing nitrite or nitrite plus supplemental iron compounds, carbon monoxide (CO) was not antibotulinal. Nitric oxide (NO) treated meats did swell slower, but nitrite was also found in these systems. Thus, neither CO nor NO would be suitable substitutes for sodium nitrite in meat curing. Addition of ferric chloride or myoglobin decreased the antibotulinal effectiveness of nitrite, but samples containing nitrite plus ethylene-diaminetetraacetate (EDTA) or denatured nitrosylated myoglobin (NOMb) swelled slower. Supplemental iron compounds probably decreased residual nitrite levels in the product, thus permitting botulinal growth, rather than directly stimulating growth by providing iron as an external nutrient.


Introduction. Efficiency of production management is a direct function of effectiveness of the use of information resources and quality of the information-communication support system of managerial processes, which defines urgency and practical importance of corresponding researches in order to justify and implement efficient up-to-date technologies in management, especially in the management of agricultural production. The purpose. The purpose is to definemajor tendencies of the use of information-communication technologies in the production management at Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. Method (methodology). Methodological foundation of the research is dialectical method of learning and system approach to studying economic phenomena. As part of the study, methods of system analysis, grouping, detailing and method of synthesis are used. Questionnaire data and investigation data of the agricultural enterprises of Cherkasy region are the information base of the research. Results. Organization of information-communication support of production management in agricultural enterprises of Cherkasy region is estimated. Methods, mathematical and programming support, used in operational control of production at agricultural enterprises, as well as the methods and means of collecting, accumulating and transferring information for managerial decision-making, are analyzed.


This study was designed to explore the issue of "borrowing transfer" by examining transfer phenomena at the pragmatic level, with a focus on the speech act of compliment response. In the present study, 92 discourse completion task (DCT) questionnaires in Chinese were distributed to university English majors and non-English majors. Results showed that, in response to compliments, English majors were more likely to adopt acceptance strategies than non-English majors, whereas non-English majors were more inclined to adopt non-acceptance strategies than English majors. The influence of English norms on Chinese EFL learners' compliment responses appeared to be more obvious if learners had a longer history of L2 learning and higher L2 proficiency. Accordingly, seen from Chinese EFL learners' compliment response behavior, it seems that pragmatic "borrowing transfer" exists in the L2 learning process.


Decision makers are often required to make decisions with incomplete information. In order to design decision support systems (DSSs) utilizing restrictiveness and guidance to assist decision makers in these situations, it is essential to understand how certain decision-making strategies are affected by incomplete information. This paper presents the results of a simulation measuring the accuracy and effort of two heuristic strategies, take-the-best and Tallying, alongside two analytic decision-making strategies, weighted-additive and equal-weighting, in scenarios with varying levels of total information, information imbalance, dispersion, and dominance. Correct decisions were determined by the option with the higher overall score from the weighted-additive model with full information. Effort was measured as counts of elementary information processes required by each strategy to make decisions. Multi- and one-way statistical analyses measured the effect of total information, information imbalance, dispersion, and dominance, on accuracy and effort required for each decision strategy. Three principle results were found: 1) context features matching naturalistic decision settings result in heuristic strategies being closest in accuracy to analytic strategies; 2) the variability in the distribution of the effort requirements of the heuristic strategies for each level of total information indicates that the effort requirements of heuristics may not always be as favorable as prior studies have shown; and 3) the tradeoff between information imbalance and total information suggests new insight for DSS design of restrictiveness and guidance for scenarios with incomplete information.


This article explores the existing and potential relationships between computer use and mathematical literacy. Specifi cal-ly focusing on data obtained from the Program for Interna-tional Student Assessment (PISA), the article describes some analyses of educational practices in U.S. schools in relation to various types of computer use and mathematical literacy. The overall results of this study have made it clear that differ-ent types of activities that are performed on the computer are related to different levels and types of thinking, which in turn are associated with very different types of results. The study concludes with a call for more experimental type research on mathematical literacy acquisition and its relationship to tech-nology use.


Abstract Soil treatment using cement is widely used in soil stabilization mainly in road construction, as a support layer for shallow foundations, to strengthen slopes, and to prevent sand liquefaction. The current research intends to quantify the influence of cement and zeolite contents, porosity index and porosity/cement ratio on zeolite-cemented sands measuring splitting tensile strength (qt). In this research, 213 splitting tensile tests considering void ratio, cement content and different percent of cement replacement by zeolite are done. Results indicate that cement replaced by zeolite is at optimum proportion of 30%. Besides, the value of improved qt of the cement sand specimens due to zeolite and cement chemical properties are exploited. Increasing cement content and porosity of the compacted mixture, the efficiency of using zeolite rises. In this paper, it has been shown that for the zeolite–cement–sand mixtures, qt increases via cement content (C) raise and porosity (η) reduction and a power function is well-adapted to fit both qt–C and qt–η. As a consequence, for each of the zeolite–cement–sand mixtures studied, a target qt value could be obtained using a specific correlation by porosity reductions, cement content rises and zeolite variations. This experimental research will introduce an acceptable description of the mechanical parameters which can be used in the subgrade and foundation designs.


A transformation method which leads to the generation of high input impedance current conveyor based filters from finite input impedance circuits is given. Applications of the transformation method are included. PSpice simulations and experimental results indicating the performance of the transformed current conveyor circuit compared with the original circuit are also given.


The chain of kinetic equations for a three-level extended macroscopic system interacting with an electromagnetic field is obtained on the basis of the method of elimination of the boson variables taking into account the coherent pumping processes. On its basis the conventional superradiance of the system is examined in the markovian limit. The relations between the parameters of the superradiant pulse and those of the pumping pulse of arbitrary duration are obtained. The possibility of description of the triggering superradiance is discussed.


In the investigation of the structural properties of thin films by x-ray diffraction the lack of material, interference from the substrate, and generally, high orientations of the grains makes analysis of the films very difficult. In order to fully characterize a thin film for stresses (macro- and micro-), grain size, orientation, faulting probability, and solid solution effects, it is necessary to employ a range of x-ray techniques with some special experimental conditions. It is shown that a full strnctural analysis of thin films (alloy films included) can be routinely carried out making comparison of different types of thin film possible. Two 12-kA-thick Al films are characterized and it is shown that large errors can occur in residual stress and solid solution effect if the data is not handled properly.


Job opportunities are falling fastest in occupations that are directly exposed to the restrictive measures to fight Covid-19 – like, hospitality, tourism, personal services and some retail. Countries with a higher share of employment in these occupations – such as Ireland and the UK – have seen some of the largest declines in online job postings on Indeed.


This research is aimed to analyze the students preference of handphone in The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara. The method that is used in this research is conjoint analysis. The data that is used in this research is the primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to students of The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara for class 2008 to 2011. The results revealed that the most attractive factor for students in this research are the existence of mp3 player and internet service. The ideal concept of handphone according to the preference of students is Blackberry, with the price less than Rp 1.500.00,- ; Numeric Keypad navigation, 1-5 Megapixel, with small screen (less than 2 inch), White, and the existence of internet service and mp3 player.


A part of which Nationality is the "Longjia" Clan——has always been a difficult problem debated in the spheres of learning.The group the "Longjia" Clan refers to belongs to which Nationality?Is it a single nationality or a part of some Nationality known?According to the historical records and recent in vestigation,is is proved that the "Longjia" Clan probably was an assembly of nationalities,including the Miao,the Buyi,the Han and the Yi,formed against special political background.


Talent shortage has become a "bottleneck" factor that constrains the coal industry development.Through the dynamic analysis for strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,threats of continuing education of the coal industry employees,the author suggests that we should make coal enterprises constantly adjust the strategy of the development of coal industry employees' education,fully play the role of industry associations,universities and enterprises,and provide distance learning services for coal industry employees,and gradually form a new continuing education system for coal industry employees with plan ahead,sophisticated system,scientific management,resource optimization and quality assurance.


The present investigation was undertaken to study phenotypic stability of parents and hybrids. The experimental material consisted of nine parents (seven females and two males) and their forty two resultant crosses that were made in conventional (14), GMS (14) and CMS (14) system at three locations viz., Surat, Hansot and Bharuch. The Eberhart and Russell model (1966) of stability analysis was carried out to study the genotype x environment interaction for seed cotton yield and its component traits. The analysis revealed that environment component was considerably higher than genotypes and genotypes x environment component for all the characters. Looking to the overall performance in three methods, the parental line G(B) 20 was the most stable parent in seed cotton yield and the cross G(B) 20 x G.Cot.10 with desirable stability.


When the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) was enacted in 2002, it meant that, for the first time, people with disabilities were given the right to vote privately and independently. Post-HAVA, most stat...


The paper proposes mvTANTs, three-level networks with multiple-valued inputs and binary outputs. These networks are a generalization of binary TANTs (Three level And Not networks with True Inputs). One of possible interpretations of mvTANT is a four-level binary network with input decoders which realize multiple-valued literals. Similar to mvPLAs, mvTANTs have regular structures with predictable timing. Compared with mvPLAs, however, they have at least 25% less input wires to the third-level (NAND) plane and not more outputs from the second-level (AND) plane than the mvPLA. Thus, in many cases they have less gates and connections, and are useful to minimize Boolean functions in cellular FPGAs and other regular structures.<<ETX>>


Instrumental temperature data for the Northern Hemisphere (30°–90°N) clearly indicate that winter season variability is larger than equivalent measures for summer. This should not be surprising as temperatures in winter are dominated by variability caused by changes in atmospheric circulation features, whereas in summer variability is more dominated by local changes in cloudiness. Here we consider most of the few winter‐responding annually resolved proxy reconstructions of temperature from the northern North Atlantic and northwestern European regions. We find the expected out‐of‐phase relationship between northwest Europe and Greenland due to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is stronger when the series from the two locations are formed from more than one series. On 30 year time scales this relationship between the two locations shows no century‐scale variations since 1250 CE (Common Era), the start of our reconstructions, in contrast to the strong positive NAO values before 1400 CE implied by the study of Trouet et al. (2009).


The purpose of this study is to suggest the taxonomy of values, rules, and virtues as a methodological tool for achievement of moral education. In general, the goal of moral education is to make ``moral human being`` by intentional education. But that is too broad or rough to depict in details what is ``moral human being`` as the goal of moral education. Therefore ``moral human being`` should be more specified. In this study, it will be suggested that the taxonomy of values, rules and virtues would be a useful tool for it. As we know, the contemporary meta ethical debates are divided three parts; ontological, epistemological, and practical debates. But those debates may affect moral education negatively, because that there are many different opinions about what is morality. The same may be said of normative ethical debates. Each ethical theories insist their own ``morals`` on their own position. There are many different ``morals``, id est, many different ``good``, ``right``, ``duty`` etc., which ethical theories such like conventionalism, egoism, hedonism, utilitarianism, deontology insist. So, in order to teach effectively morals students, their differences should be understood more accurately by some objective and neutral tools that can compare, analyse and evaluate them. In this study, it will be insisted that the taxonomy of values, rules and virtues will be a very useful tool.


Aimed at the existing problems of experiment hours were not enough,experiment content was not reasonable,experiment teaching model was single in the speciality of environmental engineering,new ideas which optimized the experiment teaching system were come up with.These ideas are as follows:optimizing the experiment courses system,updating and integrating the experiment content,improving the experiment teaching method,consummating the experiment merit system and improving the experiment teaching conditions.The experiment teaching system which was optimized played a very significant role in cultivating the applied talents of environmental engineering speciality with a solid foundation,wide caliber,enough practice,great ability and high quality.


Optically active aziridines can be used as precursors in the synthesis of several enantiopure amide-containing surfactants. Acylation of the aziridines is a convenient method for both the activation of the aziridine ring and the introduction of the hydrocarbon chain. The regioselectivity of the ring-opening reactions using dibenzyl phosphate could be controlled by varying the reaction temperature. In this way both regioisomers of the phospholipid analogues could be obtained. In the course of these experiments, an unprecedented rearrangement of α-acylamino phosphotriesters was observed. A mechanism for this group exchange reaction was proposed based on the compared reactivities of related compounds and FT-IR spectroscopic data. Application of high pressures (12 kBar) for the ring opening of the activated aziridines with imidazole led to the efficient formation of the desired surfactant with complete regioselectivity.


Music curriculum programmes are designed by English Music teachers in schools as the primary means of musical engagement for young people aged 11– 14. Such Music curricula are often structured in learning topics. However, Music teacher rationales for the sequencing of the topics they have chosen to include in their curriculum is an under- developed area of music education research literature. This study seeks to examine teacher practices in this domain through a comparative case study of nine English secondary school teachers using Think Aloud Protocols to uncover sequencing practices. The findings are analysed using the Friedman ANOVA statistical test and eyeball analysis of teacher curriculum formulations. Theorising from these results facilitated the development of a teacher model of curriculum processing, and illuminated hidden practices in curriculum design.


Objective: To investigate the effects of dezocine analgesia on the incidence of the postoperative delirium in orthopedic elderly patients. Methods: Seventy more than 60 years old patients,who were scheduled by knee and hip arthroplasty were randomly into the dezocine analgesia group( DA group) and morphine analgesia group( MA group)( 35 cases each group). The incidence of the postoperative delirium,visual analog scale( VAS) and adverse reactions between two groups were compared after operation( T1),and at24 and 48 hours after operation( T2 and T3). Results: The difference of the incidence of delirium at T1 between two groups was not statistically significant( P 0. 05). The differences of the incidences of nausea,vomiting and respiratory depression after operation between two groups were not statistically significant( P 0. 05). The differences of the VAS scores at T1,T2 and T3 between two groups were not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The effects of dezocine analgesia on the incidence of the postoperative delirium in orthopedic elderly patients are the same as that of morphine,which are less risks and adverse reactions.


The article presents the development and basic performance of basalt fiber.Especially,the application of basalt fiber on resistant high temperature filter materials is researched.Finally,prospect of basalt fiber is simply introdced.


The invention provides a dual-color single-photon transverse super-resolution imaging method, and a device thereof. The method has the most important characteristic that fluorescence excitation can be achieved only by adopting a overlapping part of a sensitization beam and an excitation beam to simultaneously sensitize and excite samples labeled with reversible photosensitive fluorescent protein molecules. The method comprises the following steps: fluorescence signals are collected by an objective, pass a sensitization dichroic mirror, an excitation dichroic mirror, a notch light filter and a long-channel light filter, and are focused by a focusing lens to pass a pinhole aperture; fluorescence intensity is measured by an avalanche diode; fluorescence intensity values are recorded by a computer; the computer closes a shutter so as to restore reversible photosensitive fluorescent protein to an excitable state under the illumination of sensitization light; and the computer drives a 3-D translation stage to move the samples labeled with the reversible photosensitive fluorescent protein, so as to achieve 3-D scanning imaging. The method can improve the transverse resolution of super-resolution fluorescence imaging by 1.55 to 2.81 times.


Station based and gridded MOS (Dallavalle et al. 2004; Glahn et al. 2009) and LAMP (Ghirardelli and Glahn 2010) guidance has been provided for many years to assist in the preparation of forecasts by the National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters and for use by private companies and the academic community. However, less emphasis has been placed on the production of guidance for aviation forecasts than for public and related forecasts. In particular, the TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast) includes information about cloud amounts and heights, but the cloud guidance provided by MOS and LAMP is only ceiling height and total opaque sky cover. There is no guidance on whether the ceiling is obscured, broken, or overcast or other possible cloud layers. In addition, the LAMP forecasts for ceiling, visibility, sky cover, and wind go out to only 25 h, while international TAFs contain forecasts out to 36 h.


Whereas psychotherapy is often called an art, psychology clearly encompasses more than psychotherapy. In my years as a psychologist, I have often experienced artistic, creative moments not only in the therapy room but also when doing research as well as when teaching. As a discipline, psychology lends itself well to creative personalities. This raises several questions. First, what types of artistic endeavors are popular among psychologists? Second, how do psychologists with artistic penchants integrate these inclinations with their professional work? I think it would be fair to answer the first question, "All things artistic are popular!" Among my own colleagues here at Fuller's School of Psychology, there are passionate poets, potters, singers, instrumental musicians, photographers, and writers. There are also avid sketchers, as evidenced by the works of art I have seen colleagues occasionally produce on the borders of notebook pages during longer faculty meetings. (Some might call this latter activity "doodling," but the quality of the illustrations I have seen surpasses such base interpretation!). Moreover, some colleagues might argue that perfectly casting a trout fly into mountain waters is itself an artistic act, and I would tend to agree. The answer to the second question is less straightforward but is an important issue. If we are striving for integration as Christian psychologists, we need to do more than merely master both theological and psychological bodies of literature. When I think of integration, the primary issue actually is not academic but rather is the extent to which I am an integrated person (Anderson, 1990). Indeed, I believe a reasonable rephrase of Jesus' comment regarding the greatest commandment (Mark 12:30) is, "Love the Lord your God with your whole person, with your whole person, with your whole person, and with your whole person." God calls us to be whole persons, in the midst of a compartmentalized culture that is increasingly disintegrating into random bytes. I have often told my students that I believe a great metaphor for our culture in the USA today is the TV remote, whereby we constantly surf multiple channels bearing no relevance to each other. In contrast, I believe Christ's call to be whole persons represents an increasingly countercultural mandate. Within this context, the question of how to integrate an artistic spirit into one's work as a psychologist gains even greater significance. Clearly, compartmentalizing one's artistic leanings is not the answer. Rather than attempting to answer this question comprehensively, I will share some of my own autobiographical perspectives. I think it is at least fair to say that my life presents a germane case study. I was born to two professional artists whose shared life verse was Psalm 90:17: "May the favor of the Lord our God rest upon us; establish the work of our hands for us-yes, establish the work of our hands." I began earnest freehand drawing attempts at the age of three and as a boy of six was sure that "artist" would be one of my eventual vocations. Reality had not yet noticeably encroached upon my goal setting, however, because I confidently asserted that in addition to being an artist, I would also be "a baseball player, a missionary, and a skydiver." It was soon thereafter that life's limits began to impinge on my dreams, and in frustration I told my parents that "my hobby is collecting hobbies." Grief as Growth Even at that early age, I was confronted with the limits of hours in a day, and I needed to work through this frustration for years. At this point, I confess that I am by no means frustration-free! Still, I have come to a greater sense of peace, which has manifested itself in two maxims that my students hear from me repeatedly. The first is, "Embrace your limits as God's gifts," and the second is, "All decisions involve loss." These two mottoes are foundational to my integration of an artistic spirit as a psychologist, as well as my overall integrative attempts to love God with my whole person. …


The purpose of this study is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) of total quality management (TQM) implementation, as well as, examine specific relationships between these critical success factors of TQM and perceived business performance measures (PBPM) of Nigerian manufacturing firms. The empirical study was conducted via a survey on 566 senior and management staff of 14 Nigerian manufacturing companies, randomly selected from a business-to-business database maintained by a national list provider. Using the framework from Agus (2001), factors manifesting PBPM were regressed on the critical success factors, manifesting successful TQM. Findings based on the survey revealed significant positive relationships between successful TQM and PBPM in Nigerian manufacturing firms. The model provides predictive implications on improved business performance, given the activities of CSFs manifesting successful TQM. Hence, to improve business performance, manufacturing firms could control their TQM programme.


SOCIETY OF NEMATOLOGISTS 43 ANNUAL MEETING ESTES PARK, COLORADO 7–11 AUGUST 2004 CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTAGONISTIC RHIZOBACTERIA TO CONTROL MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA ON TOMATO. Abadir, Seham K., A. E. Tawfik, and F. W. Raid. Plant Pathology Institute, Agriculture Research Center,


Egregious human rights violations mainly committed by the state and its various institutions and agents usually pass without remedy due to sterile and austere rules of standing before judicial tribunals that effectively deny victims of human rights violations access to justice. Ideally, these are bodies that should have been instrumental in the implementation and enforcement of human rights provisions guaranteed under municipal constitutions and international instruments. In light of these limitations, this article gives an insight into the legal regime governing the question of standing in enforcing constitutional rights before the High Court of Botswana. It is beyond argument that there is a direct relationship or link between the rules of standing and the right of citizens to access courts of law and achieve justice. The article proceeds to give reflections on public interest litigation and amicus curiae procedures arguing that Botswana must adopt the former in order to enable the larger sections of its society secure access to the courts of law and also relax the rules of admission in order to encourage dynamic and creative human rights litigation in the country.


Considered a feature of the metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and drug toxicity. Its prevalence is estimated at about 30% in western countries mainly due to sedentary life styles and high fat diets. Genome‐wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in several genes, for example, PNPLA3, and TM6SF2 which confer susceptibility to NAFLD. Here, we review recent findings in the NAFLD field with a particular focus on published transcriptomics datasets which we subject to a meta‐analysis. We reveal a common gene signature correlating with the progression of the disease from steatosis and steatohepatitis and reveal that lipogenic and cholesterol metabolic pathways are main actors in this signature. We propose the use of disease‐in‐a‐dish models based on hepatocyte‐like cells derived from patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). These will enable investigations into the contribution of genetic background in the progression from NALFD to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Furthermore, an iPSC‐based approach should aid in the elucidation of the function of new biomarkers, thus enabling better diagnostic tests and validation of potential drug targets. Stem Cells 2017;35:89–96


This paper studies the behavior safety evaluation of subway construction personnel. According to expert interviews, accident case analysis and references, the behavior safety evaluation system of subway construction personnel is constructed, including 6 first-class indicators and 20 second-class indicators. The improved AHP method, entropy weight method and difference coefficient linear weighting method is used to calculate the subjective and objective combination weights of each evaluation index, and FCE method is used to evaluate the behavior safety status of the construction personnel of a subway project. The results show that: (1)The evaluation model is scientific and reasonable, and has strong operability; (2) The behavior safety status of subway construction personnel is greatly affected by knowledge and skills, safety atmosphere and management factors. Among them, safety attitude, safe operation skills, exemplary role of team leaders, safety initiative participation, safety education and training, and safety leadership are of great importance. Strengthening their management will effectively improve the level of behavior safety management and put forward new management ideas for the project management idea.


ZnO nanoclusters (ZnO NCs) had been widely utilized in optoelectronics, sensors, dye removal, and antibacterial fields. To reduce or avoid the use of toxic, harmful, and costly chemical reagents, the Sorbus pohuashanensis and Aronia melanocarpa extracts were used to green synthesize ZnO NCs with superior adsorption ability for the organic dyes. The obtained ZnO NCs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM and SEM results indicated that the ZnO NCs tended to aggregate into large branching and sheet structures. EDS measurement confirmed the presence of zinc ions on the ZnO NCs. FTIR results revealed that the components of the fruits extracts were bounded on the surface of ZnO NCs. The primary application experiments demonstrated that the Sorbus pohuashanensis and Aronia melanocarpa extracts functionalized ZnO NCs possess effectively removing activity for organic dyes.


The plant has tuberous roots, deep green leaves and a scarlet coloured fruit with a bitter taste. The Ayurvedic writers recommend the juice of its tuberous roots and leaves in diabetes; the leaves are also used by them in skin diseases. We investigated the anti-diabetic properties of this plant as its juice is often prescribed by medical practitioners in Bengal and wonderful results are ascribed to it. Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Action.?The plant was analysed for us by Dr. Sudhamoy Ghosh, d.sc., and Mr. Nihar Ranjan Chatterjee, m.sc., to both of whom we are very grateful. The details of this work will be published in the Indian Journal of Mcdi-


"Sixteen years as a general practitioner [GP] showed me that the prevailing biomedical reductionist model fails to address the complexity of human experience and psychosomatic illness that daily practice brings up, and for which I was not trained. Even at the purely physical level, there are huge gaps in conventional training with virtually no training in musculoskeletal medicine (a huge component of GP life) or nutritional medicine, without stepping outside conventional training to embrace, for example, nutritional therapy, acupuncture, or osteopathy courses"


Cluster analysis is a statistical method for grouping similar mathematical data sets and is used herein for delineating geostratigraphy from piezocone penetration test data. In terms of site characterization, clustering is an improvement over other statistical methods because no preliminary estimation of the inherent groups within the analyzed data is needed, and no overlapping is permitted between identified clusters. Clustering can accommodate single or multivariables and no data filtering is required. Its application to defining stratigraphic interfaces is illustrated using five case studies with layered profiles. Clustering is able to detect major changes within the stratigraphy not apparent by visually examining the trends of piezocone data or by available cone soil classification methods.


The refractive index matching of components of highly scattering tissue has a strong influence on its transmittance and reflectance what can be considered as a new tool for imaging within relatively thick tissues. We present experimental data on various solutions, gels and oils influence on optical properties of in vivo human eye and in vivo human skin. The dynamics of tissue optical properties depending on matter diffusion rate within tissue is studied. The possible application of refractive index matching effect for diffusing-photon imaging is discussed.


Movement of rubidium86 and calcium45 injected into the trunks of yellow birch and white pine was followed with a newly-developed portable scintillation counter. Maximum rate of upward movement of the rubidium86 in the xylem of yellow birch approximates one foot per minute along a narrow channel spiralling upward (usually dextrally) from the point where the isotope was first introduced. Movement in decadent yellow birch was very slow with an apparent increase of permeability of the bark tissue as indicated by lateral diffusion of the isotope. In October no upward movement was discerned in healthy trees but rather an active downward translocation in the phloem.


To assess joint disease activity by ultrasound (US) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating treatment with adalimumab (ADA) plus methotrexate (MTX).


More and more of the everyday objects we design have the ability to send and receive information. In the coming "internet of things," how can we avoid adding to what is already a surfeit of information? And how can we best preserve our humanity in the face of an onslaught of conflicting and biased bits of "knowledge?"Where is "the internet of things" heading, and what does it mean for us as human beings?


ABSTRACT On 21 March 1968, nine months after the Six-Day War, the IDF launched a military operation against the Jordanian town of Karameh, which served as the headquarters of the Fatah terrorist organisation and a springboard for attacks against Israel. Yet rather than deal Fatah a crushing blow, the operation boosted its strength and prestige. Coming in the wake of the astounding June 1967 victory, the Karameh battle underscored the operational difficulties awaiting the IDF in its prolonged low-intensity warfare against non-state terror organisations.


Aspects of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs), based on their variational formulation, are presented and an explicit form of a related functional, involving only currents in a spatial domain, is derived. The new formulation leads to deeper insight into the modal behavior of radiating structures as demonstrated by a detailed analysis of three canonical structures: a dipole, an array of two dipoles and a loop, cylinder, and a sphere. It is demonstrated that knowledge of the analytical functional can be utilized to solve important problems related to the theory of CM decomposition such as the resonance of inductive modes or the benchmarking of method of moments code.