Smart Grid is a highly integrated power system which combines modern advanced information communication, sensor measurement, and automatic control technologies, including a large number of intelligent devices. It has the advantages of reliability, flexibility, security and self-healing and provides great service. However, when collecting, processing and transmitting huge amounts of data, devices such as smart meters in the network suffers from the problem of disclosing users' privacies. In order to solve such problem, this paper proposes a data aggregation scheme based on homomorphic encryption for Smart Grid, which adopts improved group signature, Paillier encryption system and El-Gamal signature algorithm. The solution not only realizes privacy protection for user identity and power consumption data, but also achieves real identity tracking of malicious signers. Finally, this paper analyzes the security and performance of the proposed scheme.


In the recent past, both non-parametric and parametric approaches have consistently been used to model cost effectiveness in a variety of health applications. This study applies the semi-Markov model while presenting the sojourn time with well-defined probability distributions. We employed the Weibull distribution to model the hazard function for each of the defined transition paths. We defined three distinct states of the semi-Markov process using the quantity of HIV virus in the blood of an HIV-infected person i.e., viral load (VL) copies in a milliliter (copies/mL). The three states were defined; VL < 200 copies/mL, 200 copies/mL < VL < 1,000 copies/mL, VL > 1,000 copies/mL and an absorbing state which is naturally death. We also developed a cumulative cost function, purposely to determine the average estimated cost per patient in each of the defined states. Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was utilized in the analysis of cost-effectiveness while comparing two program strategies i.e., Patients under the differentiated care model (DCM) and those who are not considered to be in any model of differentiated care during their respective ongoing clinical follow up. Results show the mean cost of the patients for each state 1, 2, and 3 was $765, $ 829, and $ 1,395 respectively. More so, the computed ICER ratio was $ 484/life-year-saved. In conclusion, the cost of keeping patients in state 1 (on DCM) was relatively cheaper and more efficient compared to the other states.


Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is an efficient technology for rapid, accurate, and real-time monitoring of the dynamic of industrial process. However, due to the inherent nonlinearity and ill-posed, image reconstruction of ERT remains a challenging problem of significant importance for industrial visualization. A novel Landweber iterative reconstruction network (LIRN) that combines the mathematical structure of Landweber iterative reconstruction method with deep learning is proposed. As an iterative algorithm, the proposed method solves the problem of parameters selection, and as a deep learning method, LIRN has less dependence on incomplete databases and better generalization capabilities compared with the black box models. Each layer of the LIRN is composed of three parts: fully connected subnet, convolution subnet, and the output of the former layer. The output of the former layer is mapped to the outputs of the two subnets, which constitutes the residual module. The fully connected subnet is used to represent the gradient of the data fidelity, in which the relaxation factor vector is a learnable parameter corresponding to the weights of the subnet. The convolution subnet as a self-learning regularizer learns the image prior information. During the training process of LIRN, the relaxation factor vector and the image prior information are jointly trained and learned. The experimental and analytical results demonstrate that the proposed image reconstruction network with four layers can achieve a better reconstruction distribution than the traditional imaging methods and the existing image reconstruction algorithms based on deep learning.


The single crystal of the title compound, C8H8, was obtained by in situ crystallization. The torsion angle between the phenyl ring and the vinyl group is 7.82 (17)°. The double-bond length in the vinyl group is 1.3245 (16) A, which is slightly shorter than a normal C=C double bond.


This paper proposes a solution algorithm for solving a multi-class analytical DTA model. In the DTA model, three traveler classes are classified according to different assumptions of traveler's route choice behavior: including fixed route, Stochastic Dynamic User Optimum(SDUO), and Dynamic User Optimum(DUO). To solve this DTA model, variables of link flow and exit flow are represented solely by inflow. The resulting Linear Program(LP) subproblem in the inner iteration is solved as a typical time-dependent shortest route problem over a physical network. Accordingly, the required time-space network expansion in solving DTA models is no longer needed.


The reasons of current are analyzed,based on the high current problem of neu-tral grounding downlead of the main auto-transformer in 750kV substation.The grounding modes of bus are expounded.The improvement measures and maintenance suggestions are presented.


THIS ARTICLE examines the discussion generated by the proposal to create the International Institute of the Hylean Amazon (IIHA), sponsored by Unesco in the late 1940s. It is especially focused on the ways in which the proposal was received and appropriated both in several forums linked to Unesco and in Brazil. This process was marked by both continuity and change. Despite the fact that there were similarities between the projects of the IIHA and the National Amazon Research Institute (Inpa), in terms of their research agendas, global interest in the Amazon region was since then limited by the intervention and political control of the Brazilian state and by the interests of the local scientific community, under the aegis of National Research Council (CNPq).


To get the core resource and core competitive competence,alcohol manufacturing enuerprises need the support of human resource management,so good human resource programming is important.Based on the practice of alcohol manufacturing enterprises,the article studies the principle and flow of human resource programming,analyses the coherence of human resource programming with strategy,points out the emphases and problem in human resource programming of alcohol manufacturing enterprises.


As of November of 2007, the CDF detector has recorded approximately 2.7 fb−1 of data. This contribution describes some of the most recent and most relevant results from the CDF collaboration in all areas of its wide physics program, as well as some insights into the Tevatron reach for Higgs searches within the next few years.


The fact that millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication needs to be directional is usually perceived as a challenge; in this letter, we argue that it enables efficient secret key sharing that is unconditionally secure from passive eavesdroppers by building on packet erasures. We showcase the potential of our approach in two setups: 5G networks and vehicle platooning. In both cases, with the right choice of parameters, we can potentially establish keys in the order of tenths of Mb/s. These first results are based on some simplifying assumptions, yet we believe that they give incentives to further explore such techniques.


This volume challenges librarians to demand a place at the community planning and development table. Describing the experiences and insights of librarians who have blazed trails of community involvement, it outlines practical ways to become involved in policy-making.


The laws governing bioethics issues are confusing and sometimes contradictory because of several types of tensions inherent in our legal system. Legislatures and courts work in different time frames and with different priorities. The U.S. constitutional guarantees of separation of church and state and individual rights make bioethics issues involving personal, moral, or religious convictions particularly contentious. Each state also has its own constitutional protections, some of which clearly mirror those in the federal Constitution, but others don't. Legislatures and courts play different roles in our constitutional republic. Legislatures are by nature democratic and can react relatively quickly to changes in the political climate. Courts, on the other hand, are inherently antidemocratic. As a matter of fact, their main constitutional function is to protect the rights established by our various constitutions from violation by legislative action. Courts are also inherently conservative in their reaction to events because they are bound by precedents and procedural processes that are designed to assure that major philosophical changes happen gradually. Legislatures and courts, in the area of bioethics, also act under the existence of two contrary presumptions. Legislatures tend to act with a presumption in favor of prevailing moral beliefs. The courts, on the other hand, have the structural and theoretical obligation to protect individuals from majoritarian decisions that unnecessarily violate their constitutionally protected freedoms. They also have an obligation to uphold the separation of church and state. So, in bioethics cases, courts often have to deal with preventing governments, either through legislation or other state action, from imposing moral or religious preferences on individuals who might not agree. Legal Trends in Bioethics


The present study examines whether overconfidence bias is moderated by the type of manuscript submitted to conferences. The preliminary results suggest that the type of manuscript reviewed by the reviewer, either work in progress or completed work, makes overconfidence bias in peer-reviews of conference papers more or less visible due to potential bias against work in progress.


MRI is the most effective diagnostic tool of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), especially for early diagnosis, but its detection of subchondral or cortical fractures is less accurate than CT. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately stage ONFH in the peri‐collapse period by MRI.


In this paper, I reconstruct the anticipatory contexts in which cash transfer programs were implemented in Mexico. In 1994, Procampo was implemented with the aim of supporting structural adjustments and for making Mexican agricultural sector viable in foreseen North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) markets. In 1997 Progresa cash transfer program began to condition the behavior of mothers of poor children, while it cast a long term future in which its beneficiaries would accumulate enough human capital to enter into formal labor markets. Given that these objectives could not be calculated neither empirically nor rationally a priori , I use the concept of "imaginary future" for their analysis. Leaving aside in this article the various appropriations of these moneys, I conclude that cash transfer programs that follow the Mexican model could be promoting the same fictional expectations of inclusion.


This article discusses Viktor Shklovskii's exilic narratives of the early 1920s, Sentimental Journey: Memoirs, 1917-1922, and Zoo, or Letters Not about Love. I suggest that in these texts, published in Berlin shortly after the show trial against the right Socialist Revolutionariès, Shklovskii casts himself as a "sentimental hero," evoking sympathy for the narrator's plight by mobilizing some of the devices of the sentimental novel but also struggling with the implications of this sentimentalism. The article outlines Shklovskii's attempts to prove his political reliability during his exile, juxtaposing his private correspondence with his memoirs, and argues for a more nuanced interpretation of Shklovskii's political biography through the prism of the history of emotions.


The present program for irradiation of the lymphatics at the neck is yielding good results with reasonable expenditure. The shape of the neck can be shown not to influence the isodose curves. Thus, it is possible to use a programmable pocket computer for calculation of the irradiation. An appropriate scheme has been established.


It is well known that to be able to represent continuous functions between domain representable spaces it is critical that the domain representations of the spaces we consider are dense. In this ar ...


This paper presents an electric supply system consisting of two subsystem, A B in series (1-out-of-2: F) viz. Generation system and supply respectively. The electric system fails, if any of the two subsystems AB fails. The generation system A consists of three identical units. Initially only two units work and third unit is in standby. The standby unit is operated when any of the two units fails, through the automatic changeover, which is assumed to be perfect. The electric system goes to degraded state when only one unit of A is operable. The electric system may also fail due to critical human error and environmental failure. The failure time for the system follows exponential distribution whereas repair time assumes arbitrary distribution. Using Laplace transform various state probabilities and evaluated along with cost function. Numerical examples have been added to highlight the important results.


Yuan Tongli made important contribution to Chinese library cause.There were many famous people in his family,who made outstanding contributions and achievement in their field.and their complimentary copies of books had more important value.


We examined 536 permit (Trachinotus falcatus, 65–916 mm FL) collected from the waters of Florida Keys and from the Tampa Bay area on Florida's Gulf coast to describe their growth and reproduction.Among permit that we sexed, females ranged from 266 to 916 mm in length (mean=617) and males ranged from 274 to 855 mm (mean=601). Ages of 297 permit ranging from 102 to 900 mm FL were estimated from thin-sectioned otoliths (sagittae). The large proportion of otoliths with an annulus on the margin and an otolith from an OTC-injected fish suggested that a single annulus was formed each year during late spring or early summer.Permit reach a maximum age of at least 23 years.Permit grew rapidly until an age of about five years, and then growth slowed considerably. Male and female von Bertalanffy growth models were not significantly different, and the sexes-combined growth model was FL=753.1(1–e –0.348(Age+0.585)). Gonad development was seasonal, and spawning occurred during late spring and summer over artificial and natural reefs at depths of 10–30 m. Ovaries that contained oocytes in the final stages of oocyte maturation or postovulatory follicles were found during May–July. We estimated that 50% of the females in the population had reached sexual maturity by 547 mm and an age of 3.1 years and that 50% of the males in the population had reached sexual maturity by 486 mm and an age of 2.3 years. Because Florida regulations restrict the maximum size of permit caught in recreational and commercial fisheries to 20-inch (508-mm), most fish harvested are sexually immature. With the current size selectivity of the fishery, the spawning stock biomass of permit could decrease quickly in response to moderate levels of fishing mortality; thus, the regulations in place in Florida to restrict harvest levels appear to be justified.


Objective : The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Exam ination (NCSE) is a bedside cognitive
state examination which is known to have some advantages...


Aim. The aim of the research is to generalize the most topical scientific approaches to value orientations, disclose the importance of value orientations in personality development, and highlight the influence of culture on value orientation development.
Methods. One hundred and eighty Ukrainian participants comleted the Milton's Rokeach Test 'Value Orientations' (1973), Vladimir's Sopov and Ludmila's Karpushyna Morphology Test of Life Values (2001), Ludmila's Pochebut Test 'Cultural and Value Orientations' (2004), Ivan's Diachuk Test 'Understanding of Moral Values' (2010)Dmitrij's Leontiev Test 'Life Sense Orientations' (2000). Answers to the tests made it possible to divide participants by different types of culture and built out hierarchy of values preferable for them.
Results. The analysis shows that two clusters of examinees leaning toward different types of culture are empirically outlined. Their value orientations and dependence of the established values on the type of culture they lean toward is studied. The research has also indicated that  in traditional culture and modern culture there is different hierarchy of values.
Conclusions. Outlining of such types of culture as traditional, modern and dynamically developing culture enables clarification of special features of culture in general. Division of culture as the system into simpler subsystems, which are characterized by certain features, enables analysis of the very phenomenon of culture in detail. Besides that, in this study the importance of values and value orientations as an integral characteristic of culture is stressed.


We report of the design, constrcution, commissioning, and beamtests of a prototype calorimeter. This calorimeter is of a novel design so as to equalize its response to electromagnetic and hadronic energy deposits of equal primary energy. Thus its response to jets is independent of the jet's electromagnetic versus hadronic composition. The beamtests show that the prototype satisfies the design requirements. The design, construction and the results of beamtests have been published in several papers in a refereed journal.


We propose Hype Live, a system to improve the sense of unity by sharing responses through visual, auditory, and haptic stimuli based on the biometrics of the participants in VR live performances. In this field, the sharing of reactions among the participants is one of the most important factors in improving the sense of unity. However, not many past studies have provided feedback to the participants' senses. Therefore, as a prototype of Hype Live, we used a vibration device to provide haptic feedback and recreated moshing scenes where the participants violently collide with each other like a real live performance.


Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used in the solution of a variety of mechanical system design, analysis, and control problems. This paper describes the ANNs that have been most frequently used in mechanical system applications. It also summarizes some of the applications that have been developed for ANNs, and briefly reviews the literature where descriptions of the developments and applications can be found. Some recommendations regarding ANN applications in mechanical system simulation, identification, and assessment are provided.


The estimation of a parameter corrupted by noise is a common tasks in wireless sensor networks, where the deployed nodes cooperate in order to improve their own inaccurate observations. This cooperation usually involves successive data exchanges and local information updates until a global consensus value is reached. The quality of the final estimator depends on the amount of collected observations, hence the number of active nodes. Moreover, the inherent iterative nature of the consensus process involves a certain energy consumption. Since the devices composing the network are usually battery powered, nodes becoming inactive due to battery depletion emerges as a serious problem. In this work, we aim to maximize the lifetime of the most energy demanding nodes, such that the quality of the global estimator is maintained above a certain threshold. To this end, we optimize the network topology considering both the duration of each consensus process, given by the algebraic connectivity of the network, and the power consumption per iteration of the most demanding nodes. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of our methodology.


This book is an important statement on issues of methodology in art history. It argues with clear, elaborate reasoning and sharp detail for a new implementation of iconography, and, above all, for adoption of a rhetorical and conceptual framework of interpretation. Claudia Lehmann's insistence on ''iconography'' although the theory she proposes is not general or abstract, but founded on historical context. Rhetoric is in this case not motivated by the perspective of semiotics, but by the historical environment of Bernini's works in Rome. Texts foregrounded in this methodological exploration are Jesuit theories on ''persuasion'' for reasons of faith, and the poetics informed by Counter-Reformation inspiration, for instance Paolo Giovio's imprese analysis and the concettismo delineated in the poetic theory of Emanuele Tesauro. The premises of the study are stated on the cover, with a title quoting Tesauro, and an image of the impresa of Louis XII of France, as the main symbols for the methodological aspiration of the text. Three works by Bernini are interpreted within the structure of thought known from rhetorical concettismo: the monument to Matilda of Canossa and the statue of Longinus, both in Saint Peter's; and the Cornaro chapel with Saint Teresa. In this review my statements are based on the Cornaro chapel case. Let's summarize the structure of thought presented: the viewer or recipient of the installation of figures, motifs, and texts in the chapel becomes stirred by the expressive quality of the decoration to start thinking on the meaning (intentio operis); this process is inspired by amazement and admiration (meravigilia), reactions that the viewer experiences in confrontation with the expression. Admiration is caused by the artist's genius (ingegno), operative for the power of invention (argutia). The aim of the art work is to lead the recipient's mind through structures of conceptual ''figures'' (acutezze). The reasoning implied matches the deductive argument of syllogism. The logical compound is comprised in the rhetorical emblem, in the combination of figure and inscription, related to a longer subscription explaining or commenting the deduction. The predominantly pictorial devices of the chapel decoration ''act'' as analogies to figures of speech, according to rhetorical terminology and grammar. The representational modes of painting and sculpture are means to create virtual reality as a vehicle for an invisible, intellectual, and spiritual dimension beyond our senses; paradoxically, the spiritual essence becomes perceptible and reachable, through the art forms, as elements of memory and as basis of knowledge concerning the inner truths of Christian beliefs. The main figure scene of the altar shows Saint Teresa and the angel in the act of the ''transverberation''; this scene has the function of an allegorical concetto, a center of meaning equivalent to the vocabulo (in Tesauro's terminology).


The Polish family law has developed three types of adoption: incomplete, full and total. Each of them is a reply to the arising new threat of the good of the child. Simultaneously each of them indeed influences the identity of the child. As a result of the preparation a civil status of the child is changing. The adoption is connected with secrecy. Originally it was firmly stressed. At present the doctrine as well as practitioners think that holding on to secrecy is not necessarily purposeful. The presented legal structures give rise to a series of ethical dilemmas. Firstly, the question arises about supporting biological parents in leaving the child in their family. The law does not regulate such efforts. It only orders "to wait" six weeks for making the decision on adoption by the mother of the child. Secondly, the similar question arises on the part of adopting parents. What motivation do they have? Is this good of the child or their own good alone? Is combining these goods in one act possible? Also the question arises with reference to respecting the religious membership of the child. As a result of the adoption the surname of the child is changed. Even a change of the child's first name is possible. The religious identity remains unchanged. The practice shows that family relations with the adopted child are not always successful. The rich case law proves that resolving adoption is not always possible.


Radially successive annular electrodes disposed in a general plane define between themselves intermediate annular zones in which is confined electrooptic mate rial. Selected annular zones are rendered transparent by applying to pairs of selected annular electrodes poten tial differences which extend through the electrooptic material in the direction in which the general plane extends, not perpendicular to the general plane. The annular zones are rendered transparent in cumulative succession proceeding radially outwards, and have sur face areas such that, as each next annular zone becomes transparent too, the transparent area of the arrangement doubles each time. A control circuit includes a counter whose outputs are connected to the inputs of a gating network, the latter having outputs connected to various ones of the annular electrodes, establishing the rate at which the cumulatively successive changes of state of radially outwardly successive annular zones proceeds. After all zones have been rendered transparent, they all are rendered non-transparent simultaneously to termi nate an exposure, if this has not already been done by a light-totalizing circuit. The light-totalizing circuit in cludes a counter which counts a pluse train and reaches a predetermined count after a time interval which de pends on scene light, the reaching of the predetermined count causing all annular zones thus far rendered trans parent to go non-transparent.


Two-stroke cycle and four-stroke cycle diesel engines are in
use in rail traction with four-stroke cycle design dominating
the field.
Cycle simulation by computer programmes have
shown that the conventional two-stroke cycle is inferior
to its four-stroke cycle counterpart in combustion efficiency
and thermal loading. Research at Sulzer Brothers Ltd.,
to decide on the choice of cycle for production of a
high power locomotive engine concluded that. conventional
two-stroke cycle engine is not suitable for locomotive
application. A report by Ricardo Ltd., based on a
survey of engines in current production for traction application
suggested that there are potentials in two-stroke cycle
design .
This research project is concerned with comparison of
two well proven locomotive engines, one of two-stroke
cycle and the other of four-stroke cycle.
Performance, mechanical loading, thermal loading and
vibration were chosen as parameters to be investigated
to provide information about the status of the two cycles
in relation to lower range, fuel consumption, reliability
and durability, with a view to assist the users of
locomotive engines to make the correct choice.
Results and analysis of these findings are presented.


Since the late 1960s numerous monographs on sixteenth-century urban poor relief have provided case studies of how European society dealt with economic and social disjuncture. These studies have underlined the similarity of altitudes toward poverty; everywhere distinctions between the true and the undeserving eventually prevailed, resulting in the increased marginalization of vagabonds and sturdy beggars.1 They have also shown how the new institutions reflected novel social and cultural values.2


ABSTRACT Double strand breaks are extremely deleterious to the stability of the genome as they lead to loss of whole chromosome fragments or chromosomal rearrangements with the consequent cell death or tumor development. The principal players in the cellular response to DNA damage have been rigorously studied. At the same time, knowledge about the organization of the repair process in the context of local chromatin and the nucleus as a whole has started to emerge only recently. Here, we summerize the most pertinent results regarding the spatial organization of the double strand break repair. On the basis of the data obtained by others and us, we propose a possible chain of events that may take place in chromatin in the vicinity of the breaks to balance the needs for spatial stability and accessibility of the damaged DNA.


. Collagen metabolism of the operculum overlying the crown of the mandibular third molar was studied in patients with and without pericoronitis. The tissues were classified as (J) overlying unerupted lower 3rd molars, (II) the operculum overlying partially erupted lower 3rd molars, (III) same as (II) except in patients having a positive past history of pericoronitis, and (IV) same as (II) except in patients exhibiting signs and symptoms of active infection. All classes of tissue were found to contain 81–82 % water. The total protein recovered in these tissues increased progressively from class I to class IV due to an effect on the acid-soluble fraction. The total collagen levels, on the other hand, decreased. This decrease was similar for class II and III tissues, while the greatest loss of collagen was demonstrated in class IV tissues. All four classes of tissue contained essentially the same concentration of acid-soluble collagen. The loss of collagen appeared to parallel an increased collagenolytic activity of these tissues in culture. Collagenolytic activity of class II and HI tissues was increased and class IV tissues exhibited the greatest increase. The overall changes in protein and collagen metabolism in these tissues due to partial tooth eruption and subsequent infection appeared similar to those observed by others in extra-oral connective tissues subjected lo injury and inflammation. Changes in collagen metabolism could not be correlated with the reported increased susceptibility to pericoronitis of previously infected tissues. The only change observed in these tissues was a higher proportion of acid-soluble protein.


Neuropathy is one prominent complication yet to be separated from diabetes mellitus and various mechanisms have been identified for this complication. In this study, lipid peroxidation was investigated as a possible neuropathic agent in the inferior colliculus (IC) of Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A total of 29 adult Wistar rats of both sexes and average weight 220 ± 15.3 g were used in the study The rats were randomly divided into one control group and three experimental groups as group 1 (control – 5 rats), group 2 (P4 – 8 rats), group 3 (P7 – 8 rats) and group 4 (P10 – 8 rats). Each experimental rat was given 1ml of the equivalence of a single large dose of 70mg per kg body weight of Streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) by intraperitoneal injection. The control rats received 1ml of the Citrate buffer only also intraperitoneally. Enzymatic activities of LP, CAT, and SOD were estimated at post-induction periods P4, P7 and P10 in weeks. The morphology of the IC was also assessed at histological and histochemical levels. The major findings in this study include a sustained over four-fold elevation in blood glucose levels in experimental rats, significant body and neuronal density reductions in experimental rats compared with the control animals. Light microscopic observations revealed the dissolution of Nissl substance (chromatolysis), the swelling up of nuclei (karyolysis) and subsequent necrosis with degeneration of the neurons of IC (treated) which were more pronounced at P7 and 10 than at P4. At P10 especially, many neurophagic cells were seen in the vicinity engulfing the degenerating neurons and leaving lots of vacuolation. Significant increases were observed in Lipid Peroxidation in the Inferior Colliculus showing significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) values between the control and treatment groups of the same period in the Inferior Colliculus. Data obtained from estimation of enzyme activities also revealed significant decreases (P ≤ 0.05) in CAT and SOD in experimental animals when compared to those of the control animals. In conclusion, this study offers evidence that diabetes mellitus induced by STZ is implicated in hearing impairment probably due to the destruction of membrane lipids and accumulation of the end-products of lipid peroxidation reactions which are especially dangerous for the viability of cells, in this case the neurons in the inferior colliculus.


Low -temperature sintering of 0.8Pb(ZrxTi1-x))O3 - 0.125Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 - 0.075Pb(Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3 + 0.7 % wt Li2CO3 (PZT-PZN-PMnN) ceramics was prepared by using Li2CO3 as the sintering aid. Their structure and physical properties were investigated according to the Zr/Ti rat io content. Fro m X-ray diffract ion patterns showed that samples formed a phase perovskite structure without secondary phases. The electro mechanical coupling factor (k p), the maximu m d ielectric constant (emax), the piezoelectric constant (d31) and the mechanical quality factor (Qm) increased with the increase of Zr/Ti ratio content and reaches to the highest value at the ratio content of Zr/Ti = 48/52. At this ratio content, the ceramic has the optimal electro mechanical p roperties: the emax = 19500, the k p = 0.62, the d31 = 140 p C/N and the Qm = 1112.


A soft x-ray scanning microscope will be built on the NSLS x-ray ring's undulator beam line. It is expected that the beam line will provide more powerful coherent soft x-ray flux to improve the resolution of scanning microscopy to the sub-1000A range and form pictures in seconds rather than minutes. A laser interferometer has been developed for encoding the coordinates of the scanning plane of the soft x-ray microscope with 300A resolution. A pair of the optical fibers has been used as an interference fringe phase detector in the interferometer which can make the system phase adjustment simpler, more accurate, and polarization-independent. The last character is important because if the fringe phase detector is polarization dependent the interferometer's optical design will be complicated when the optical path of the interferometer has to include additional windows or mirrors which usually change the polarization situation. In the first section of this report we discuss the optical arrangement of the interferometer. In the following two sections we describe the schematic of the resolution extending unit and the interferometer's other possible applications.


Background. Walking is a complex motor function, the performance of which may be thought of as occurring automatically.  However, walking is an attention-demanding task.  Performing an attention-demanding task while walking can degrade the quality of walking.  For example, balance during walking, stability, can be degraded by the simultaneous performance of an attention-demanding task.  Step width and step width variability are measures that have been associated with walking stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitively demanding task on step width and step width variability during treadmill walking and to determine whether the effects were proportional to increased difficulty of the same task. We hypothesized that a cognitive task performed while walking will result in an increase in step width and step width variability. We also hypothesized that increase in step width and step width variability will scale the difficulty of the cognitive task. Methods. To test our hypotheses, four healthy young adults walked for 10 minutes on a treadmill under three conditions. The first served as the control walking condition.  During the second and third conditions, the subjects walked while performing an attention demanding arithmetic task (dual task). The attention-demanding task was the same for each condition but the level of difficulty of the task was increased in the second condition. Motion capture was used to collect three dimensional kinematic data from which step width and step width variability were computed.  Paired t-tests were used to determine the significance of differences between dependent variables during the dual task conditions.  Significance was determined using the criterion of p 0.05). Discussion. The increase in step width while performing the more difficult of the two attention-demanding tasks is consistent with findings of previously published research.  However, the significant increase in step width while performing the more difficult of the two, otherwise identical attention-demanding tasks, is novel.  In light of the relationship between step width and side-to-side balance while walking, the results of this study preliminarily suggest that these novel findings warrant more systematic study.


We report the results of our studies of ruthenium layer structures adsorbed on GaN(0001). Ruthenium was evaporated at room temperature under ultrahigh vacuum conditions onto n-type GaN substrates epitaxially grown on sapphire. When X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ru bonds in the deposited adlayer, the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy shown a peak at the Fermi level as well as lines originating from ruthenium. The height of the Schottky barrier was calculated based on the data measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and amounts to 1.5 eV. The work function of Ru adlayer is 4.4 eV, while the electron affinity of n-GaN(0001) substrate equals 3.4 eV.


In the wake of the war in Indochina, U.S. citizens began to reassess their country's role in world affairs. Troubled by their own government's violence,' they questioned its support of violent governments elsewhere.2 Too frequently, the United States was providing aid to governments that violated fundamental human rights. In the 1970s, Congress enacted several statutes designed to curtail this practice; by 1980, a comprehensive scheme of human rights legislation was in force. This legislation prohibited military sales and assistance,3 development assistance,4 and favorable votes for certain multilateral loans5 to countries whose governments engage in a "consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights."'6 In addition, Congress enacted human rights legislation directed at specific countries. In 1977, Guatemala was the subject of country-specific human rights legislation that terminated one form of military assistance. 7 The country also came within the purview of the general human rights statutes, as its record of human rights abuse was abysmal, among the worst in the hemisphere.8 Government-sponsored political murder, torture, disappearances, and other cruelties have plagued the lives of


A pool of 189 subjects reporting elevated levels of depressive symptoms were assessed with the Multimodal Structural Profile Inventory (Version 3) and the Reasons for Depression. Results indicated that a client's perceptions of his/her depression was consistent with his/her modality functioning. Simply, people attribute their problems based on their conceptualizations of themselves. This has profound implications for the practice of psychotherapy, stressing the need for therapists to choose and present techniques according to the style and functioning of the client, and further supporting the Multimodal theoretical position.


We analyzed the occurrence and number of viable seeds in droppings of the lizard Teius teyou, and the influence of seed ingestion on the germination capacity of Ziziphus mistol seeds in dry Chaco forests of northwestern Argentina. Seeds were found in 59% of 607 droppings collected during the wet season, belonging to Ziziphus mistol (Rhamnaceae), Celtis pallida (Ulmaceae) and Capparis atamisquea (Capparaceae). Seeds of Z. mistol accounted for 98% of all seeds found in droppings. Seeds found in the droppings were viable, suggesting that lizards are legitimate seed dispersers. Passage through the lizard's digestive tract did not enhance germination of Z. mistol seeds. Lizards appear to be efficient dispersers of Z. mistol given that they usually defecate in open areas, a favorable condition for the establishment of Z. mistol.


In Part 1 of this study, a model set exactly preserving the MHD hyperbolic singularities was considered. By developing the viscosity admissibility condition, it was shown that the intermediate shocks are necessary to ensure that the planar Riemann problem is well-posed. Here in Part 2, the MHD Rankine–Hugoniot condition and rarefaction-wave relations are presented in phase space, which allows construction of analytical solutions of the planar MHD Riemann problem. In this process, a viscosity admissibility condition is proposed to determine physically admissible shocks. A complete account of MHD Hugoniot loci is given, leading to a classification of several subproblems in which the solution patterns are qualitatively same. Finally, it is shown that the planar MHD Riemann problem is well-posed using intermediate shocks that have been considered non-evolutionary.


An easy method for primary culture of chicken hepatocytes was developed to study the influence of dioxin on birds. Chicken hepatocytes could maintain gene expression and protein secretion of albumin for a long period in serum-free medium with free atmosphere exchange at 37°C. Moreover, the cells showed a sensitive response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) by monitoring the expression of P450 1A, theta GST (θ-GST) and albumin genes.


Memory as liturgical practice has left trace in Croatia and Dalmatia in written form since the middle oft he tenth century. The tenth century is also the time of the first royal and noble monastic foundations, whose task was to preserve the memory of their founders. Memorial literary, both Latin and Slavic, gave an impulse to the development of literary in general.


The lacertid lizard Takydromus wolteri widely distributed in South Korea, but intraspecific diversity of this species was not almost studied. T. wolteri represented by 8 specimens collected from 5 localities were analyzed by the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method with 28 random decamer primers and the phenogram constructed by using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) method based on RAPD data. The populations of T. wolteri using in this paper were collected from Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeju-do, Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do in South Korea. Among 68 different bands detected in RAPD analysis, 59 bands (87%) showed polymorphism. The phenogram showed that the populations of T. wolteri were grouped into two. These results suggest that T. wolteri were supported intraspecific diversity.


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: method for processing reselections of cells method comprises the following steps: radio resources control (RRC) connection procedure is started from uwer equipment (UE); and while UE is wait mode: reselection of cells is performed; it is determined if receive of high-speed downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) is executed on the basis of received information of HS-DSCH common system, where: if HS-DSCH receive takes place media access control (MAC) reset is perfomed; otherwise, HS-DSCH receive variable is set to "TRUE" and HS-DSCH receive is started. EFFECT: providing resources configuration establishment. 26 cl, 3 dwg


The uncertainties of the calorimeter and concentration measurements at the High Flux Solar Furnace (HFSF) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are discussed. Two calorimeter types have been used to date. One is an array of seven commercially available circular foil calorimeters (gardon or heat flux gages) for primary concentrator peak flux (up to 250 W/cm{sup 2}). The second is a cold-water calorimeter designed and built by the University of Chicago to measure the average exit power of the reflective compound parabolic secondary concentrator used at the HFSF (over 3.3 kW across a 1.6cm{sup {minus}2} exit aperture, corresponding to a flux of about 2 kW/cm{sup 2}). This paper discussed the uncertainties of the calorimeter and pyrheliometer measurements and resulting concentration calculations. The measurement uncertainty analysis is performed according to the ASME/ANSI standard PTC 19.1 (1985). Random and bias errors for each portion of the measurement are analyzed. The results show that as either the power or the flux is reduced, the uncertainties increase. Another calorimeter is being designed for a new, refractive secondary which will use a refractive material to produce a higher average flux (5 kW/cm{sup 2}) than the reflective secondary. The new calorimeter will use a timemore » derivative of the fluid temperature as a key measurement of the average power out of the secondary. A description of this calorimeter and test procedure is also presented, along with a pre-test estimate of major sources of uncertainty. 8 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.« less


This book presents immuno-chemical techniques for isolating and analysing a wide variety of biological products. CONTENTS: Introduction, Polyclonal Antiserum Production;Polyclonal Antiserum Processing;Uses of Polyclonal Antisera. Production and Use of Monoclonal Antibodies;Synthetic Petpides: A New Development in Protein Immunochemistry;and Technical Supplement.


Using input-output table data and a system of basic and derivative indices, the analysis in this paper provides a dissection of the Greek economy for the years 2005 and 2010. The findings suggest that: (i) the structural features of the economy have been shaped well before the emergence of the so-called Greek (or PIIGS) crisis; (ii) a well-targeted effective demand management policy could be mainly based on the service and primary production sectors; and (iii) industrial policy would be necessary and could primarily focus on nine highly import-dependent commodities of the industry sector. Therefore, it seems that a change in the intersectoral structure of the Greek economy is necessary.


Diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, even at high single doses, do not inhibit the metabolic transformation of p‐nitroanisol, aniline and aminopyrine by the 9,000 g fraction of rat liver. Although diazepam and chlordiazepoxide increase the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone, this effect is not explained by an increase in the brain level of pentobarbitone. Repeated administrations of the two benzodiazepines increase the metabolism of p‐nitroanisol, aniline, amidopyrine and shorten the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone in rats. There was a concomitant reduction of the concentration of brain pentobarbitone.


Pseudo ternary phase diagrams and conductivity of SDS/n-pentanol-xylene-water or Zn( NO3) 2 solution at different temperatures were studied. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams agree well with measure result of conductivity. Microstructure of the microemulsion was also studied via electrolyte theory. The results show that the area of W/O microemulsion changes little with temperature and large with electrolyte solution. The optimum conditions which ZnO nanoparticles were prepared in W/O microemulsion system selected from phase diagram, namely SDS/n-pentanol and xylene,mass ratio is 4∶ 6.


The comitology procedures have been an integral part of the European Union legislative decision-making process. The negotiation of the legal framework of the comitology procedures, as well as the administrative practice of the European Commission in drafting implementing acts, is relevant to the legal research on the evolution of European integration. This article studies the dynamic relationship between the process of regulation and implementation of comitology procedures, and the process of parliamentarisation of the European Communities and later of the European Union. Two hypotheses are tested. The first hypothesis claims that there is a clear causal link between the use of newly acquired budgetary and legislative powers of the European Parliament, and the limitation of control by Member States on the Commission by the comitology committees. The second hypothesis claims that a weak system interaction exists between the notion of parliamentarisation and the reform of the comitology system.


Many types of metal and alloys are used in various electronic devices and components like computers, microchips, printed circuit board (PCB), integrated circuits, transistors, and diodes etc. Such components have variety of applications in the field of medical, aerospace, automotive sectors, telecommunication and defense. These components are exposed to different types of environments. The increased used of electronics has also increased the demand for reliability. The size of electronic equipment is also very significant parameter and it has been decreasing presently at a faster rate. The smaller size of equipment has undetectable failures. Though the corrosion taking place in electronic components is generally of micro level which can not be detected easily but the services of device are seized. The paper deals with the various types of corrosion in electronic components as a case study and an approach towards development of some sensor for corrosion monitoring.


The surface of Ti-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) was irradiated by the femto-second laser and microgrooves were formed on the surface. The titanate nanomesh layers were fabricated on the micro-grooved BMG surface by hydrothermal-electrochemical (H-E) treatment changing the conditions of the concentration of electrolyte solution (0 and 5 M) and applying current density (0-200 mA/cm 2 ). The bone-inducing capacity of the samples with different H-E treatment was confirmed by soaking them in a simulated body fluid for 12 days. The H-E treatment in higher concentration 5 M NaOH aq. and applying higher current density above 0.5 mA/cm 2 exhibited excellent bioactivity inducing large hydroxyapatite crystallites.


Section I Diagnosis 1. Healing 2. Sports massage 3. Taping in sport 4. Physical training and injury 5. Exercise therapy 6. First contact management 7. Lower limb motion during walking, running and jumping Section II Management 8. The hip and thigh 9. The knee 10. The shin 11. The ankle 12. The foot 13. The lumbar spine 14. The thorax and thoracic spine 15. The cervical spine 16. Facial injury 17. The shoulder 18. The elbow 19. The wrist and hand


Abstract Ethanol is increasingly popular as fuel. It is renewable, cleaner than gasoline, and during the 2008 oil price peak, its costs of production without subsidies actually rivalled those of gasoline. The fuel grade ethanol producers are large consumers of stainless steel, in particular for cookers, fermentation tanks, and distillation columns as well as storage tanks for the finished product. The main reason is that cleanliness is important for the enzymes. However, contaminants play an important role in production as well as storage and distribution. Contaminants are causing a phenomenon called stress corrosion cracking. Biodiesel fuel is a mixture of fatty acid alcohol esters. Modern diesel engines are very sensitive to fuel quality and purity. Biodiesel is unstable, just like butter, which is going rancid in a matter of weeks. Biodiesel degradation is an oxidation process, which among others is speeded up by tiny amounts of metal ions leaching from production and storage vessels. Biodiesel vessels need to be designed in non-degradable materials of construction, as stainless steel. In addition, pretreatment of low cost feedstock and methyl recycling operations use strong acids, which also necessitate stainless steels. Biomass is gaining importance as a source for renewable fuels and hydrogen in addition to heat and electricity. Corrosion issues are numerous and include high temperature corrosion under ash and alkali salt deposits and metal dusting at gasification. Fuel grade ethanol, biodiesel and biomass represent three different corrosion issues, which can be solved using the correct stainless steel.


Parents play a dynamic role in the development of child. They influence children in many ways. The proper role of parent is to provide encouragement, support and access to activities that enable the child to master key developmental tasks. Responsible parenthood includes responsibility of both the parents to take care of social, economic and physical development of child. In this article researcher intended to study the influence of responsible parenthood on school going Dalit adolescents' life skills. A descriptive research design was used and the life skills and perceived level of responsibility of parents among the students were assessed with self prepared tools. It is concluded that parents are needed to frame their parenting and to improve their responsibility level with respect to the development of life skills among dalit children. Keywords: Responsible parenthood, Dalit adolescents and Life skills.


We study the profitability of catastrophe bonds from January 2001 to June 2014. Our empirical analysis finds positive returns on catastrophe bonds and shows that they increase right after the Atlantic hurricane season and suffer a major downturn with the occurrence of significant catastrophes. Additionally, seasonality is found, especially during the month of September. When compared with stock and government bond benchmarks, returns on catastrophe bonds show considerably better results. However, when compared to the high yield bond benchmark, they present a similar performance. Finally, when tested for different predetermined variables, both traditional stock and bond market variables as well as liquidity risk do not explain catastrophe bond performance. Professor José Faias


We examine and parametrize a region of the phase space for relativistic n-particle collisions in which radiation tree amplitudes vanish. The physical-null-zone theorem, which gives conditions for this null radiation zone to intersect the physical region, is proven. A set of invariant parameters and their ranges are found, and constraints on energies are discussed. A geometrical picture is developed for the phase space and null zone in the massless limit.


The ultrasonics absorption of dilute solutions of isopropyl formate in xylene and n‐heptane has been measured at frequencies of 0.6, 1.8, 3.0, and 45 Mc/sec for a number of temperatures in the range 30° to 80°C, using acoustics streaming and pulse techniques. Application of relaxation formulas for a 2‐state interconversion reaction to these measurements yields a relaxation frequency of 1.1 Mc/sec at 50°C, a difference in enthalpy between states of approximately 4.2 kcal/mole, and an Arrhenius activation energy and frequency factor for the conversion of the higher‐energy state to the lower of approximately 6.2 kcal/mole and 1011 sec−1, respectively. A possible molecular mechanism is the interconversion of cis and trans isomers by internal rotation about the C–O bond. The activation energy is then a measure of the amount of double‐bond character imparted to this bond by chemical resonance.


Optimized discharge excitation techniques for short pulse gas lasers: TEA CO2 laser F. Kyeyune Departement of Physics, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa. Thesis: MSc December 2013 Transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO2 lasers have found numerous established and potential applications in both industry and research. However, the development of laser systems which can meet the demands of these applications is usually hampered by two key issues: the excitation circuit and the method of preionization. For example, the conventional thyratron-based exciters can no longer meet the requirements in high repetition rate applications. Therefore, new technologies and improved excitation techniques should be developed. In this thesis the development of an efficient all solid-state switched exciter for pumping a TEA CO2 laser and the evaluation of a miniature TEA CO2 laser preionized by corona discharge are presented. The excitation circuit consists of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) as the primary switch, two stages of magnetic pulse compression (MPC) and a fast pulse transformer. Three magnetic core candidates that can be used in the MPC network and the pulse transformer were experimentally investigated. Fe-based nanocrystalline ferromagnetic material, FINEMET was found to have the best properties for the current application and was subsequently used in the development of the exciter. A surface-wire corona preionized miniature TEA CO2 laser was evaluated and the results were compared to those of an earlier spark array preionized laser. The corona preionizer was constructed from a ceramic tube (Al2O3) and a fine wire stretched along the surface of the tube. When this extremely efficient yet comparatively inexpensive preionizer was applied to the laser, output pulse energy of 230 mJ with pulse duration of FWHM ∼ 70 ns was obtained from a small discharge volume of 50 cm3. This energy output was found to be higher than that obtained from a spark preionized laser with the same discharge volume. Moreover the discharge stability was also found to improve drastically. These results can therefore be used as a reference when developing full scale corona preionized laser systems. ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


In this study, a total of 269 soil samples were collected from a major tobacco growing areas of Huili, and the soil nutrient contents were analyzed. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate soil fertility of dry-red soil, red soil, brown soil, yellow-brown soil, purple soil, paddy soil and limestone soil. The evaluation results showed as follows. The fertility index of seven soils was in the order of limestone soil yellow-brown soil paddy soil red soil brown soil purple soil dry-red soil. Most of limestone soil and yellow-brown soil belonged to gradeⅠ, paddy soil was classified as grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅲ, and brown soil and purple soil and dry-red soil were mostly classified as grade Ⅳ, and red soil distributed evenly in all the levels. The fertility of each soil types varied widely and was better in limestone soil, yellow-brown soil and paddy soil than the others. The fertility of red soil, brown soil, purple soil and dry-red soil should be improved according to the specific situation.


In Bonnycastle's Arithmetic a rule is given for finding any root of a number by approximation which in substance reduces to this statement:—If a and b are nearly equal, then the nth root of a/b is nearly equal to


Plant disease classification using deep learning techniques is a popular research area due to the numerous opportunities for introducing advance and robust classifiers. Nevertheless, classifying chilli plant diseases accurately from images under uncontrolled environment and various imaging conditions remains unsolved due to the lack of chilli disease image datasets. In this study, the efficacy of three high-performance deep learning algorithms, namely VGG16, InceptionV3, and EfficientNetB0, in classifying three types of chilli leaves diseases, namely upward curling, mosaic/mottling, and the bacterial spot, is demonstrated. These methods are popularly used for other plant disease classifications due to their effectiveness. The experiments were performed on the 3,000 chilli plant disease images collected from three different field environments in Selangor, Malaysia. The images were captured with a complex background and various illuminations, angles, and distances to reflect the real-life scenarios. The complexity of the collected images was created based on the taxonomic information of chilli leaves diseases and the unavailability of chilli disease images under various imaging conditions in the publicly available plant disease databases. Experimented using appropriate specifications, the models demonstrated outstanding performance with more than 95% accuracy with the highest accuracy of 98.83% by InceptionV3.


Predicting hosts and vectors During outbreaks of mysterious infections, events can rapidly become dangerous and confusing. A combination of increasing experience with outbreaks and genome-sequencing technology now means the pathogen can often be identified within days. But for some of the most frightening viral pathogens, the originating hosts and possible vectors often remain obscure. Babayan et al. took sequence data from more than 500 single-stranded RNA viruses (see the Perspective by Woolhouse) and used machine-learning algorithms to extract evolutionary signals imprinted in the virus sequence that offer information about its original hosts and if an arthropod vector, and what type, plays a part in the virus's natural ecology. Science, this issue p. 577; see also p. 524 Machine learning algorithms detect coevolutionary biases in viral genomes that predict hosts. Identifying the animal origins of RNA viruses requires years of field and laboratory studies that stall responses to emerging infectious diseases. Using large genomic and ecological datasets, we demonstrate that animal reservoirs and the existence and identity of arthropod vectors can be predicted directly from viral genome sequences via machine learning. We illustrate the ability of these models to predict the epidemiology of diverse viruses across most human-infective families of single-stranded RNA viruses, including 69 viruses with previously elusive or never-investigated reservoirs or vectors. Models such as these, which capitalize on the proliferation of low-cost genomic sequencing, can narrow the time lag between virus discovery and targeted research, surveillance, and management.


With the analogy between GUI(Graphic User Interface) system and OS(Operating System),this paper put forward a new de-sign idea of embedded GUI system,and implement a window schedule based single-window embedded GUI system on Linux operat-ing system,then improve the feasibility of the new design idea by the practical application example of FIA(Family Intelligent Ac-count) system.


On 19th of May 2015 the European Commission established common noise assessment methods according the Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC (1). Member States are required to use these methods from 31 December 2018 onwards. In this directive road traffic sound emission has to be calculated by combining propulsion and rolling noise. For this purpose a set of input parameters are defined for each vehicle class in octave bands. The predicted emission values for the two source types are summed up to get the octave band sound power levels per meter of a source line. The basis for these emission is a virtual reference road surface, while spectral corrections for different road surfaces are applied via the coefficients α and β. Several values for these coefficients are tabulated in the directive. In a practical guide an equivalence table of these road surface data is proposed for various existing national road surfaces. This paper will show by the example of the Austrian road prediction model how to translate the national road emission data to coefficients of the Annex II model fulfilling all national uncertainty requirements and also those of the proposed quality framework.


The consequences of the microstructural evolution in an eutectoid steel that has undergone a cold drawing process are studied. This manufacturing technique produces changes in the steel microstructure: a progressive orientation and slenderising of the pearlite colonies and an orientation and packing of the pearlite lamellae, thus reducing the interlamellar spacing. In addition, the experimental results of the stress corrosion cracking tests show that cold drawing produces resistant anisotropy in the steel and thus the stress corrosion cracking resistance is a directional property which seems to depend on the orientation of the microstructure in relation to the cold drawing direction. As a consequence, a transversal crack tends to change its propagation direction approaching the wire axis and a crack growth in mode I evolves to a mixed mode propagation.


A randomized controlled clinical trial of an intensive insulin regimen in patients with hyperglycemic acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was terminated early due to futility regarding ALL clinical outcomes, despite improved glycemic control. Of note, a surrogate measure of exogenous insulin usage (molar insulin-to-C [I/C] peptide ratio) was associated with decreased overall survival, whereas metformin and thiazolidinedione treatment was associated with improved progression-free survival. Although there were differences between the 2 cohorts, for example, older and more patients with Philadelphiapositive ALL in the intensive insulin arm, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only age 60 years, glucose levels 180 mg/dL, and high I/C levels predicted overall survival. These data suggest that improved glycemic control alone may not be sufficient to impact ALL outcomes. Although the presence of an unidentified confounding factor antagonizing the beneficial effects of improved glycemic control could have contributed to the poor outcome of insulin-treated patients, another interpretation of these data point to the specific drugs used for glycemic control in these patients as potential culprits. Accumulating experimental data suggest that insulin and metformin exert conflicting effects on ALL cell biology. Metformin and thiazolidinediones may enhance chemosensitivity through their effects on AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Metformin appears to exert direct toxic effects on human ALL cell lines and primary patient samples through activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, a regulator of energy homeostasis. Abrogation of metformin-induced apoptosis was seen following treatment with rapamycin, a known mTOR inhibitor. Metformin also induced proviral integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM-2) kinase activity in ALL cells, and the combination of metformin and a PIM-1/2 kinase inhibitor synergistically increased cell death. In contrast, insulin and insulin-mediated pathways may contribute to ALL chemoresistance. High exogenous insulin levels may lead to activation of both insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors expressed on ALL blasts. IGF-1 signaling has been shown to enhance the proliferation of ALL cell lines and primary patient samples and inhibit dexamethasone-induced (but not chemotherapy mediated) apoptosis, providing a potent growth advantage to malignant cells. In summary, these observations support additional trials exploring the use of metformin to treat hyperglycemia in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients with ALL as a potential means of improving chemotherapy outcomes. Metformin is devoid of negative effects on normal CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells or proliferating CD4-positive T-lymphocytes from healthy donors and is currently under investigation in a multitude of trials in nondiabetic patients with solid tumor. A recent clinical trial (NCT01324180) is evaluating the clinical and biological effects of metformin in combination with standard systemic chemotherapy in the relapsed ALL setting. The results from this and similar trials are expected to become available shortly.


Special endowment of natural resources decides the enhancement of the agricultural land protection,which is of great significance for accomplishing China's sustainable development strategy.This essay,on the basis of reviewing the historic process of China's agricultural land,reexamines the target of China's agricultural land protection and puts forward that quantity protection as the support should be China's agricultural land protection principle at present stage to perfect the organism of the agricultural land and to lay a solid material foundation.It probes the realization of the concrete approaches of the agricultural protection target as well.


Electrochemical hydrogen permeation test and slow strain rate tensile test were carried out to investigate the effect of concentration of SO2 in simulated marine atmosphere on fracture induced by stress-corrosion and hydrogen permeation behavior of 16Mn steel.It was found that the fracture strain of the steel decreased with increasing concentration of SO2,and hydrogen permeation current increased therewith,accompanied by gradual transformation from plastic fracture to brittle fracture.SO2 had dual stimulating effects on hydrogen permeation current.The first peak of hydrogen permeation current was attributed to the acidity of SO2,and the second one was attributed to regeneration and recycle of acid.


Background- Ovarian masses are a common finding in routine clinical practice. MRI shows great accuracy in the detection and discrimination of ovarian/adnexal masses, but conventional MRI sequences sometimes fail to characterize indeterminate ovarian masses. Functional MRI techniques, such as DWI and DCE-MRI provides further information based on tissue cellularity and internal architecture of ovarian tumors respectively. To Aims- evaluate the various conventional and DCE-MRI characteristics of ovarian masses, to estimate their ADC values and to assess the performance of the O-RADS MRI risk score. The study was conducted in the Department of Materials and methodsRadio-diagnosis, TMCH over a period of one year, on 50 patients diagnosed with indeterminate or suspicious ovarian mass in US examination. MRI was performed on a 1.5-T MR imaging unit. The findings were correlated with results of HPE. Results- The diagnostic accuracy of O-RADS MRI risk score was 93.2%, sensitivity 94.74%, and specificity 93.67%. Among the DCE-MR parameters, MRE% showed higher specificity (80%) and Tmax showed higher sensitivity (97.5%). Malignant masses showed higher MRE% and less time to peak compared to benign masses. ADC cut-off of <1.0x10-3 for the solid component of the masses has produced a sensitivity of 90.24%, specificity of 77.78% and accuracy of 88.5%. Conclusion- Based on the results of our study, we conclude that in cases of indeterminate ovarian masses, functional MRI should be the investigation of choice. Further, applying the O-RADS MRI risk score in clinical practice standardizes reporting and allows for a customized patient-centred strategy.


The performance of cooling air flow extracted from the fan stream to a new type fuel injector with double-wall construction for afterburner was simulated experimentally,so as to provide a basis for design and cooling performance research of advanced fuel injector.The effects of mass flux and fuel injector structure on pressure coefficient were studied through experiments of eight cooling casings of fuel injector.The effects of inlet total pressure on Reynolds number of the flow in cooling casing were also obtained.An optimum,new fuel injector was selected by comparing the results of eight casings of fuel injector.The pressure coefficient of such fuel injector is 1.2,the appropriate width is 16 mm,and the Reynolds number in the same inlet conditions is the biggest.


Abstract The Mellor-Yamada hierarchy of turbulent closure models is reexamined to show that the elimination of a slight inconsistency in their analysis leads to a quasi-equilibrium model that is somewhat simpler than their level 2½ model. Also the need to impose realizability conditions restricting the dependence of exchange coefficients on shearing rates is eliminated. The model is therefore more robust while the principal advantage of the level 2½ model, namely the solution of a prognostic equation for turbulent kinetic energy is retained. Its performance is shown to be not much different from that of level 2½.


One of the most urgent tasks for contemporary thought is, without doubt, to redefine the concept of the transcendental in terms of its relation with language. For if it is true that Kant was able to articulate his concept of the transcendental only by omitting the question of language, here "transcendental" must instead indicate an experience which is undergone only within language, an experimentum linguae [...] in which what is experienced is language itself.--Giorgio Agamben, Infancy and History The experimentum linguae that Agamben so vividly describes as one of the most "urgent tasks" now required for redefining the concept of the transcendental had, two decades before, been similarly conveyed by Martin Heidegger when he wrote, "To undergo an experience with language [...] means to let ourselves be properly concerned by the claim of language by entering into and submitting to it. If it is true that man finds the proper abode of his existence in language--whether he is aware of it or not--then an experience we undergo with language will touch the innermost nexus of our existence" (57). Both men, it would seem, were quite urgently reminding us (and perhaps themselves) that, redefined and reconceived, any roads to the "transcendental" must pass through language, not around it, with the worded experience "undergone," not overlooked. Agamben's and Heidegger's converging claims have unexpectedly shadowed the opening of an essay that was intended to focus upon the contemporary artist James Turrell and his various light-filled installations. Interrupted, I have tried numerous times to begin otherwise, getting rid of the philosophers' bold assertions, feeling that they were finally too obscuring of my primary topic, James Turrell. After all, evoking the experimentum linguae could only delay my entry into the artist's work (as if actually delaying my entry into one of Turrell's own luminous rooms). The dense language seemed too inelegant, too wordy a way to start an investigation of Turrell's always elegant, wordless work. But, repressed, Agamben and Heidegger's provocative words--about words--have always returned, reclaiming their initiating position (while, through their return, perhaps manifesting something of the very concerns about language that their related statements were raising all along). For both Heidegger and Agamben were, as their illuminating insights reveal, seeking a "way to language," an awareness of the "claim of language," while navigating the often treacherous "linguistic turn" where words are no longer engaged as a transparent and ignorable (even ignoble) medium of thought, but are seen instead as a kind of visible veil, a fog on the darkened road. Encountered there, head-on, is "the thing of language" (Agamben 4) irrevocably eclipsing the unmediated "experience." In the resulting experiential "destruction," as Agamben characterizes it, "we never find man separated from language, and we never see him in the act of inventing it. ... It is through language, then, that the individual as known to us is constituted as an individual, and linguistics, however far back it goes in time, never arrives at a chronological beginning of language, an 'anterior' of language" (56). From this newly worded vantage (or veiled anti-vantage), Heidegger and Agamben's shared insistence upon the need to "undergo an experience with language," and upon the belief or suspicion that it is "only within language" that the "transcendental" is to be conceived--as opposed to the more Kantian image of the transcendental that transcends language, or for which language is seen as an obstacle to transcendence--struck a chord, cast a shadow upon my experiences within several of Turrell's transcendent installations. In fact, with these two irrepressible claims about language very much in mind, I wonder now if Turrell's installations might actually be reconceived as inadvertent spaces for the kind of "experience with language" that both Heidegger and Agamben were seeking. …


ATEN-MONTH-OLD CAUCASIAN MALE CHILD presented to our hospital after 18 days of a febrile illness, for which he had received two courses of intravenous gamma globulin after 14 days of fever. Kawasaki disease was eventually diagnosed, but, following admission to our centre, he remained febrile until he was given two doses of methyl prednisolone. Acute phase reactants remained markedly elevated, with the erythrocytic sedimentation rate at 140 millimetres per hour, the normal value being less than 17. Rapid C-reactive protein was measured at 61 milligrams per litre, the normal being less than 10, and the platelet count was 775 109 per litre, with normal values ranging from 200 to 550. Echocardiography demonstrated giant, fusiform aneurysms of both coronary arteries, with the aneurysm involving the main stem of the left coronary artery measuring more than 7 millimetres in diameter, and that involving the right coronary artery more than 11 millimetres. Selective angiography of the right coronary artery (Figure) confirmed the presence of a large proximal fusiform aneurysm (horizontal arrow). Beyond this, the calibre of the vessel normalized, but then expanded more distally into a very large "lake" aneurysm (vertical arrow). The angiogram made in the left coronary artery also revealed multiple large fusiform aneurysms throughout the vessel. Repeat angiography five months later, showed considerable regression of all the fusiform aneurysms, albeit that the lake aneurysm appeared unchanged. Eight months after the onset of symptoms, the child remains on low molecular weight heparin and is clinically well, without evidence of myocardial ischaemia. Formation of a "lake" aneurysm following Kawasaki disease


By using methods of observation,mathematic statistics and theory analysis,the gymnastic reserves of 2005 Youth's Gymnastics Championship was analyzed.The results revealed that the situation of the reserves is not optimistic.In order to get an ideal performance in the future,it is necessary for the young athletes to exploit its potency,developing their technique at the world level.


In a San Juan, Puerto Rico, concert held in February 2007, the pop singer Ricky Martin made an obscene gesture with his finger while singing a line about hav...


During the winter of 1913 there was found in our laboratory an infrequent malformation of the pericardium in which there existed a large foramen, connecting the pericardial sac with the left pleural sac. Besides this condition there also occurred other anomalies of the coelomic derivatives, which if correctly interpreted, point back to an early disturbance in the development of the general coelomic cavity. On account of the rarity of this condition, and on account of its broad embryological significance, it was thought that the following report would not be out of place. Male, sixty-five years old; family history not obtained. After being in the Newberry State Hospital for eleven years, suffering from terminal dementia, the patient died with symptoms of gastritis. Death occurred in 1913. During his residence at the hospital no symptoms were observed which would point to the condition we are describing. On examination of the body during the process of dissection the rare condition was found of a large pleuro-pericardial foramen. In addition to this there was also found a group of peritoneal disturbances; namely, a ventral hernia, left inguinal hernia, tendency to double femoral hernia, and malposition of the colon. They will be described in that order. The opening between the pericardial and pleural sacs appeared as an opening from 7 to 8 em. in diameter. The edge was free throughout its course, which extended from above the pulmoBriefly, the history of the case is as follows:


A multilayer wiring board includes: a first differential wiring wired to a third signal layer ; and a second differential wiring wired to a ninth signal layer. The multilayer wiring board includes a first differential signal via and a second differential signal via that are connected to the first differential wiring. The multilayer wiring board includes a third differential signal via which is connected to the second differential wiring and a stub of which is terminated above the third signal layer. The multilayer wiring board includes a fourth differential signal via which is connected to the second differential wiring and a stub of which is terminated above the third signal layer, the first differential wiring wired to pass between the fourth differential signal via and the third differential signal via.


Internet of Things (IoT) applications build upon resource-constrained, distributed devices that generate data and enable communication. For such applications to be truly trustworthy, it must be ensured that the devices are not compromised by malicious software. Remote attestation (RA), a prominent technique, exploits challenge-response protocols to detect malware on remote devices. Given the increasing scale and number of IoT deployments, recent work on RA has explored collective attestation of swarms of devices. However state-of-the-art swarm attestation techniques require trusted hardware which makes them inapplicable to both legacy and next generation IoT deployments without trusted hardware. We present SWARNA, a software-based swarm attestation for IoT devices. After highlighting the challenges in designing such a solution, we present two protocol variants for IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH networks. We assess their performance analytically and empirically through testbed experiments. SWARNA maintains a constant payload size whereas, it increases linearly with the network size for existing solutions requiring trusted hardware. The two protocol variants attest 30 nodes networks, in 6s and 1.5s to 8.2s, respectively, depending on the number of malicious nodes. Further, we demonstrate that attestation traffic has a negligible impact on the packet delivery ratio (0.4 percent drop) of a typical data collection application.


In the last ten years, the rural history of the colonial Río de la Plata and to a lesser extent that of the first half of the nineteenth century have witnessed an unprecedented boom. Research projects, new sets of questions, and the utilization of new sources and methodologies have all proliferated. Today we have undoubtedly come a long way in our understanding of these issues from where we were only a decade ago.


In order to study high heat input welding steels for industrial production processes,a high heat input welding steel for crude oil storage tank was developed in domestic steelworks by titanium nitride and oxide refinement dispersion technology.The process and condition of alloying addition were controlled.The impact toughness of a traditional steel and the trial steel was compared after welding thermal simulation and vertical position gas-electric welding.The effects of density,type and size of inclusion on heat affected zone were analyzed.The results showed that the mechanical properties of this steel meet the demand of national standard,and the yield ratio is below 0.9.The microstructure of fusion line with a heat input of 400 kJ/cm consists of pro-eutectoid polygonal ferrites and numerous acicular ferrites,therefore the welded joints have excellent low temperature toughness.TiOx-Al2O3-MnS complex inclusions with the size of 1~3 μm are the most favorable sites for the nucleation of IAF(intragranular acicular ferrites).


We summarize the activities in working group 10 concerned with QCD cascades, and nd that although much work still needs to be done, much progress was made during this workshop in understanding the merits and deeciencies of diierent programs.


Prevalence of heavy soil is a major problem for fruit cultivation under Punjab conditions consequently leading to deficiency of several micro-nutrients including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) which adversely affects the growth and productivity. In this view, a study was planned to investigate the effect of foliar applications of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), iron sulphate (FeSO4), and manganese sulphate (MnSO4) on vegetative growth, reproductive growth and fruit quality of papaya cv. Red lady. Plants sprayed with ZnSO4 (0.4 %) exhibited significantly highest plant height, plant girth, number of leaves, petiole length; initiated an earliest flowering and fruiting; and improved fruit quality viz., fruit weight, fruit length, titratable acidity, soluble solids concentrations, ascorbic acid content, total phenols content, and total carotenoids content as compared with the control and all other treatments. In conclusion, foliar application ZnSO4 (0.4 %) significantly improved plant growth and fruit quality in papaya cv. Red lady.


This is a film review of Watchers of the Sky (2014), directed by Edet Belzberg. Author Notes Rubina (Ruby) Ramji is an Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Cape Breton University. After serving as a Chair of the Religion, Film and Visual Culture Group for the American Academy of Religion and then the steering committee, Rubina continues to serve on the Executive Committee for the Canadian Society for the Study of Religion as President and is the Film Editor of the Journal of Religion and Film. Her research activities focus on the areas of religion, media and identity, religion in Canada, and religion and immigration. This sundance film festival review is available in Journal of Religion & Film: http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol18/iss1/20 Watchers of the Sky (2014) directed by Edet Belzberg U.S. Documentary Watchers of the Sky is a documentary about dedication to an idea, and humanity's ability to want to help the world while at the same time seeing humanity's capacity at destroying the world through persecution and death. Director Edet Belzberg examines the concept of genocide, and takes us back to the founder of the term, Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959). Lemkin was a Polish Jew who experienced the pogroms in the First World War. Upon seeing the atrocities done by leaders in countries throughout the world against their fellow citizens, in the name of religion, race and ethnicity, Lemkin became interested in genocide specifically "because it happens so many times." He grew up understanding that there is a universal connection with victims and a universal capacity to carry out genocide. Lemkin decided that the only way to stop humanity from carrying out such atrocities was to construct a law to protect humans, and so he set out to build a "temple of law." In 1933 Lemkin tried to introduce barbarity as a crime against international law at the League of Nations, based on the mass killing of Armenians. Lemkin would see genocide first hand again, when he lost forty-seven 1 Ramji: Watchers of the Sky Published by DigitalCommons@UNO, 2014 members of his own family in the holocaust. It was not until 1948 that the crime of genocide was accepted by the United Nations. Belzberg then delves further into the horrors carried out by humanity when she includes the faces and lives of refugees who have suffered for just existing. It becomes clear that "being a refugee is a state of mind" when one realizes how much is lost through the act of genocide. Watchers of the Sky is an emotional story of a monumental event – the creation of the concept of "geno" (Greek for tribe, race or family) "cide" (Latin for killing) by Lemkin, and his unending fight to bring to the light of day the millions of people being killed in the name of religion, nationality, race or ethnicity. We have seen the mass killings of Jews throughout history (not just in the last two world wars), the killings in Rwanda, Sudan and Darfur, the eradication of the Armenians, all done in the name of sovereignty. Lemkin tries to make us question why the killing of millions is less significant than the killing of an individual. We live in a world where the calculated murder of thousands continues to take place. In Rwanda, 10,000 people were slaughtered every day using only machetes. 200,000 Tutsis were killed in two months. They were exterminated, and the rest of the world stood by and called it sovereignty. Lemkin did not live to see the first charge of genocide; the international law was not enforced until the 1990s. Benjamin Ferencz carries on the legacy of Lemkin, being a watcher of the sky—trying to understand the meaning of the universe and 2 Journal of Religion & Film, Vol. 18 [2014], Iss. 1, Art. 20 http://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol18/iss1/20 hopefully recording enough data that the next person who takes up the work to truly end genocide will save themselves years of preparation. Interspersed with animation illustrating the raw images of persecution and the inspiring words of Lemkin, Watchers of the Sky truly has us wondering if "humanity, with its spiritual heritage, is at stake."


Orthorhombic LiMnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized through one-step hydrothermal method as a cathode material for lithium batteries. The synthesized material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the size of nanoparticles is about 50 to 100 nm and the best d.c. conductance with the PVDF content of 2.5% is around 3.0 × 10−7


Sichuan Province is located in the southwest of China. This area is very rich in disverse macrofungal species. Fungi have been collected and identified by different authors during 1985—1989. In this paper 348 species are recorded, in which 163 species are pharmaceutical, 123 species edible, 41 poisonous, and 101 mycorrhizal. 26 species are reported for the first time from China. More than 110 species are considered economically important, including Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc., C. liangshanensis Zang, Liu et Hu, Tricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing., Tremella fuciformis Berk., Dictyophora duplicata (Bose) Fisch., Hericium erinaceus (Bell.: Fr.) Pers., Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim, Auricularia auricula (L.: Hook.) Under., Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Fr.) Karst.


The construction units in the electrical construction,attaches great importance to quality,and strengthen the process control,but because of the tight construction,installation is complicated,in all engineering check and acceptance,we found some quality problems,described the existence of electrical installation problems and prevention methods.


Thursday, 13 June 1991 It's 8:30 a.m., I'm sitting in a caf6 on the Left Bank, waiting for an old friend who's stopping off for breakfast on his way to work across the Seine. He appears, dressed in the lightweight green suit that all French businessmen seem to be wearing this summer, riding a beat-up three-speed bicycle. His hairline is receding a little, but otherwise he looks no different in his mid-thirties than when I first met him some twelve years ago. We talk of why I'm over here (to read forgotten nineteenth-century novels by women), of his business a little, he's working for a commercial bank doing some kind of financing in the automobile sector, but he's much more interested in telling me about his kids, he's got two, a third one on the way. He's not too bothered by the diapers, the sleep deprivation, the bottles, and he loves the rest. In fact, he wouldn't mind staying home with them, only his salary is basic to the functioning of his household, substantially larger than that of his wife who does publicity for a small computer firm. With their double income, they can afford private child care, which they prefer to the state-run daycare also available. "Le nouveau pere," my friend calls himself, the new father. On the way home, I cross my landlords in the street, a couple proud of their aristocratic heritage who're expecting their first kid. I try out the concept of the new father on the husband, but for him it has no appeal. He prefers his work, which at the moment seems to be travel journalism and the completion of a book due to appear next year. In it, he tells me, he aims to show how, with feminism, women took a disastrous turn. His book proposes to today's woman ten portraits of nineteenth-century women who were able to be both traditionally feminine and successful through their femininity (he reacts dismissively to my mention of the name George Sand). I tell him that the model of femininity which he espouses may well itself be a bourgeois invention, constructed as part of this class' effort to forge itself an identity separate from and morally superior to the aristocracy. For him, however, la Pompadour more resembles Madame Guizot, author of a prestigious nineteenth-century manual on domestic education, than any feminist of the last twenty years. His wife supports him, telling me that the strident demeanor of feminists is unnecessary, and she proceeds to list the comprehensive maternity benefits that


This paper seeks to investigate the concepts of risk management and its implications for program management discipline. It highlights the distinctions of programs over projects and discusses why programs are more risky. Further, based on relevant descriptions and findings from respective literatures, we report a number of perceived barriers en route for risk management implementation on ground; we also discuss the reasons and rationales behind such infirmities. Dominant factors causingunderprivileged risk management are classified into four prime categories: resource constraints, contextual restrictions, learning imperfections and human limitations. An empirical survey-based study conducted from Pakistan telecom professionals discovers that monetary constraints, schedule compels, unstable organizational environment, lack of executive's commitment towards risk, and deficit of risk-aware culture are the topmost barriers that impede the implementation of risk management in large-scale telecom programs in the country. The concepts defined in the early parts of this study will enable the practitioners to understand the program risk management subject in enhanced ways, while the findings delineatedlater can equip the relevant stakeholders with better learning of affairs prevalent in Pakistan telecom industry; this may also aid policy makers in instigating corrective actions.


Describes the background and qualitative simulation theory development, then describes the qualitative simulation and application of fault detection, fault detection Finally, qualitative simulation development are discussed. In order to deal with this kind of challenge, appear a series of system fault detection and diagnosis technology, including qualitative simulation technology is one of the important technical one. Through the Qualitative Simulation theory QSIM (Qualitative Simulation) related theory analysis and of the technology in fault detection field operation of the process of research, analysis found that the technology in the field of FDD advantages and disadvantages, in view of the existing shortage, it gives a fuzzy set theory and similarity principle on the make, theoretically perfect this model, and the detection and diagnosis research form an effective guidance.