Glycemia, insulin treatment, and cardiovascular disease Animal models. Many presentations at the ADA meeting addressed aspects of the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Karin Bornfeldt (Seattle, WA) described evidence from mouse models, suggesting that dyslipidemia accounts for most of lesion formation and progression, while hyperglycemia appears to accelerate additional phases of plaque formation. A number of studies have utilized models of hyperglycemia without dyslipidemia, with inconsistent evidence of adverse effect. In contrast, animal models with both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia show consistent increase in atherosclerosis. In the LDL receptor–deficient mouse with autoimmune type 1 diabetes and fairly severe hyperglycemia compared with an intensively insulin-treated group, VLDL triglyceride and cholesterol levels were similar to control on a low-fat diet but elevated to levels above those in nondiabetic controls on a high-fat diet. Atherosclerotic lesion initiation was approximately twice that in both the nondiabetic and insulin-treated groups, in both the high-fat and low-fat diet groups, but the nondiabetic baseline atherosclerosis level was considerably greater on the high-fat diet. The lesions in the nonhyperlipidemic animals are macrophagecontaining fatty streaks, reflecting increased recruitment of macrophages into the arterial wall, while in the high-fat diet group, there was also increased macrophage proliferation in the arterial wall, as well as increased hyaluronan deposition, with the lipid abnormality appearing to drive lesion formation. In a subsequent study, animals were fed a high-fat diet for 4 months and then changed to a low-fat diet with or without induction of diabetes, with diabetes not in itself associated with major lipid abnormality. Plaque progression was actually reduced in the diabetic model, and lesion morphology was similar to that in the nondiabetic group. Ross Gerrity (Augusta, GA) described evidence from porcine models with hypercholesterolemia and streptozotocininduced type 1–like diabetes. The diabetic state is associated with severe arterial calcification, which is otherwise unusual in animal models. With an insulin glargine treatment model, afternoon glucose levels were markedly reduced. The pig erythrocyte is impervious to glucose, so HbA1c (A1C) levels are not useful, but fructosamine measurement documented the effect of diabetes and the benefit of insulin treatment, with evidence of amelioration of coronary atherosclerosis. Computerized image analysis showed, on average, 87% stenosis in untreated animals; this was reduced to an average of 50% with glycemic treatment. In a porcine model of metabolic syndrome, with much less severe hyperglycemia, but with hyperinsulinemia, coronary stenosis was comparable to that in the type 1 model. The plaques in the diabetic animals are fragile and prone to rupture with formation of obstructive thrombosis. Gerrity concluded that in the type 1 diabetes model, the severity of vascular disease was associated with the degree of hyperglycemia, suggesting a direct role of glucose in progression of atherosclerosis, while in the type 2 diabetes model, with similar atherosclerosis progression despite considerably lower glucose levels, there must be additional factors. An et al. (abstract 1984) demonstrated a rapid and sustained effect of hyperglycemia in augmenting cardiac AMPact ivated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, a potential mechanism improving resistance of the diabetic heart to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Jessen et al. (abstract 236) examined LKB1, a possible upstream kinase of AMPK, showing that hearts of mice not expressing LKB1 had 95% reduction in AMPK 2 and 20% reduction in AMPK 1 activity. They also showed 60% reduction in phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a physiological AMPK target, suggesting LKB1 to be an important component of normal AMPK cardiac signaling. Miller et al. (abstract 2012) studied mice expressing a dominant-negative AMPK subunit, with absent AMPK activity. Leftventricular diastolic pressure increased markedly, and there was decreased glycogen content following ischemia, suggesting that this may represent an important endogenous cardioprotection mechanism. Clinical studies. Sherita Golden (Baltimore, MD) reviewed epidemiological evidence of the relationship between glycemia and CVD. Sixteen-year follow-up of the 3,092 adults in the Second U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test in 1976–1980, showed that diabetes, whether diagnosed from fasting or 2-h glucose values, was associated with increased mortality (1). In the Finnish East West study of 1,373 nondiabetic and 1,059 diabetic persons, the CVD risk of persons with diabetes was similar to that of persons who had had a myocardial infarction (2). Epidemiological tools, she explained, may be used to compare glucose exposure based on A1C to clinical CVD outcomes. In distinguishing association from causation, temporal relationships, strengths of association, replication of findings, consistency with other knowledge, consideration of alternative explanations, dose-response relationships, biological plausibility, and effects of cessation of exposure need to be taken into account. Golden reviewed her meta-analysis of prospective studies with 1 year follow-up of the relationship between A1C and CVD end points, separately assessing peripheral, coronary, and cerebrovascular disease (3). Eighteen ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●


Submitted for the DPP13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Effect of magnetic shear on critically balanced ITG turbulence NOAH MANDELL, University of Maryland, MICHAEL BARNES, University of Texas, WILLIAM DORLAND, University of Maryland, FELIX PARRA1, PETER CATTO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology — Critical balance provides a relation between the parallel and perpendicular scales in turbulence [1]. By assuming critical balance and that the maximum parallel correlation length of the turbulence is limited by the magnetic geometry, it is possible to find robust scalings for the maximum perpendicular eddy size and the saturation amplitude of the turbulence with some magnetic geometry parameters [1]. Using a newly developed gyrofluid code called GryfX, along with the gyrokinetic code GS2, we study the effect of magnetic shear on critical balance, the maximum parallel and perpendicular correlation lengths, and the saturation amplitude of the turbulence. This study also seeks to benchmark GryfX with GS2. GryfX runs on NVIDIA GPUs, giving it more than a 70 times performance advantage over a CPU gyrofluid code. Compared to a gyrokinetic code, GryfX also has the advantage of evolving only six moments as opposed to six hundred grid points in velocity space for a kinetic calculation. Combined, these two factors give a seven thousands times performance advantage that allows the use of GryfX to efficiently guide the choice of resolution and other parameters of interest for gyrokinetic simulations. [1] Barnes et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 115003 (2011) 1Present address: University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Noah Mandell University of Maryland Date submitted: 12 Jul 2013 Electronic form version 1.4


High purity and nano-sized tungsten carbide (WC) particles have been successfully prepared using chemical complex solution which is composed of tungstic acid, citric acid and ammonia solution. The precursor, which was obtained by drying the chemical complex solution, was heated to 1423 K under Ar atmosphere. Total carbon (C) amount of the heat-treated precursor was controlled by molar ratio of citric acid and tungstic acid. In case of this experimental system, W-C bonds have been already formed at 723 K. The carbonization temperature was lower than that of the conventional methods that used C and WO3 or W, therefore particle growth has been suppressed. The sizes of the obtained WC particles were under 100 nm and the amounts of iron and cobalt as impurities were under 10 ppm.


Amer M. Zeidan, Rong Wang, Cary P. Gross, Steven D. Gore, Scott F. Huntington, Thomas Prebet , Gregory A. Abel, Amy J. Davidoff and Xiaomei Ma Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA


We extend a recent paper on spatial frequency domain modeling of adaptive optics by describing how to evaluate a broader range of performance metrics at one or several field points in the AO system's field-of-view.


thought and literature directed to a Christian audience with the expressed purpose of interpreting Jesus' teachings in light of rabbinic Judaism. It assumes no prior knowledge and is a very accessible and readable book. It seeks to accomplish three things: to instill Christian readers with an appreciation of rabbinic Judaism, to introduce them to the rabbis who produced the literature, and to argue for a particular reading of the Sermon on the Mount, wherein Jesus' teachings are understood as practical instruction for everyday living, and not as a set of idealized sayings meant to characterize a Utopian age. To a large extent, the volume succeeds in accomplishing its goals, though it does have limitations. The most significant of these is that it follows a peculiar order and uses misleading titles to mark its three primary parts. Part 1 is entitled "Introduction to Rabbinic Thought"; Part 2 is "Introduction to Rabbinic Literature"; Part 3 is "Introduction to the Rabbis." These designations would give the impression that the whole book is designed as an introduction to rabbinic Judaism, but that is not the case. Each part is divided into several chapters. The only section that provides a helpful introductory discussion to rabbinic materials is Part 2. There, the novice gets an overview of the sources that constitute rabbinic Judaism. Young explains what the Mishnah is (providing a listing of its tractates with brief explanations of how the Mishnah is ordered), the Talmud, the Midrash, as well as some lesser-known texts. This section also provides Young's own translation of PirqeAvot, the "Sayings of the Fathers," a famous tractate from the Mishnah, and probably a good text for the novice to rabbinic literature. Reproducing this important rabbinic text in full does a great service to the Christian reader who otherwise does not have easy access to this kind of Jewish literature. In contrast to Part 2, the first and third sections are oriented more toward Jesus' teachings than the teachings of the rabbis. Part 1 starts with a reading of the Sermon on the Mount. Although Young provides several parallels between specific rabbinic teachings and Jesus' teachings, he does so mainly for the purpose of interpreting the relevant gospel texts. In the preface, Young says that he hopes that Christians will come to develop an appreciation for these Jewish texts in their own right, in order to gain better understanding of Judaism, and not merely to use them in relation to Christian texts. Yet, in fact, Young does just that: he focuses on how rabbinic texts can and should help contextualize and inform interpretations of gospel texts. While his use of these materials is certainly appreciative, affirming, and well-informed, it does not constitute an introduction to rabbinic Judaism in Jewish terms. The book functions more as a commentary on Jesus' teaching using rabbinic materials.


The superabsorbent was synthesized with acrylic aid grated on fish protein with N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as cross-linker,potassium persulfate as initiator,and had carried on the IR analysis to its structure.The moisture absorption and desorption of protein superabsorbent polymer compared to silica gel were studied.The result indicated that the superabsorbent had much more absorption humidity capacity and absorption humidity stability and keeping the environment humidity.IR analysis indicated that hydrophilic group was rich in FP-g-PAA,the equilibrium absorption humidity capacity of which could reach to 2.65g/g on the condition of relative humidity 88%±1%,this had excelled the silica gel which have been abroad used,so this superabsorbent has certain application potential and provides the experiment reference for multi-purpose drying agent's development.


The invention relates to the field of medical equipment and specifically relates to a self-adapting wearable anti-thrombus treating device and a control method thereof. The self-adapting wearable anti-thrombus treating device comprises a main engine and a pressure airbag component which is connected with an air channel of the main engine; the pressure airbag component comprises a plurality of multi-cavity pressure airbags independent from each other; the main engine comprises a detection treating module and a control module, wherein the detection treating module is used for detecting the optimal vein suffering pressure and vein refilling time through the multi-cavity pressure airbags; and the control module is used for automatically acquiring the optimal vein suffering pressure and the vein refilling time and taking as the treating pressure and the aerating and deflating air cycle interval time of the pressure airbag component for treating a patient. On the basis of the realization of portability and wearable property, the self-adapting wearable anti-thrombus treating device also can take the automatically detected vein refilling time and vein suffering pressure as a therapeutic schedule to more effectively comply with the rule of human vein blood flow, thereby more effectively realizing anti-thrombus treatment.


Furunculosis is a localised form of infection of sole hair follicle. Since hair follicle is present only in the cartilaginous segment therefore furuncle is seen only on the lateral segment of external auditory canal. Staphylococcus is the chief infective organism. Diagnosis is mainly clinically by presenting symptoms and otoscopic examination. Topic antibiotics have tried but with varied results. Material & Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial study done in our ENT OPD at Patna medical college, Patna. After proper examination and consent. Objective: To compare the efficacy of icthmmol glycerine and antibiotic ear drops active against staphylococcus aureus in treatment of furunculosis of ear. Results: Though the results of both the treatments were alike at the end of treatment period, symptoms improvement with icthammol glycerine was much quicker and before than antibiotic ear drops.


In this practice-led research project I examine specific Renaissance icons as creating and cementing Visual Contracts. These contracts imposed on women patterns of thoughts, social and political conventions. I argue that Renaissance art created depictions of women which are controlling, framing and forcing women to be submissive and imposing a concept of an 'ideal woman' that persists today. I aim to examine and breach these Visual Contracts with my artworks; videos, sculptures, photographs and installations made from the point of view of a 21st century mother and woman. My works offer new narratives, challenging these emotional and ideological prisons for women, which continue to exert an undeniable effect upon women's psyche and the way they are perceived by others. The term Visual Contract comes from the etymological Hebrew root of נ-מ-א, which has different meanings; artist, art, belief, agreement and loyalty. These meanings centre the theory and practice of this research. The term also comes from the Civil Contract of Photography, a book written by Ariella Azoulay, which introduced the concept of visual content as a contract. My works aim to reposition women and mothers as "real" rather than "ideal". In doing so, they raise questions about the representation of women throughout art history, allowing for a new discourse which goes beyond religious and geographical borders. I use Iconography, Iconology, Iconoclasm and Iconophilia as my academic methodologies (Warburg, Panofsky) and photography, video, sculpture, and installation as methods of material practice. Working with the UCL Chemistry I researched new materials to reveal air pollution levels, the invisible killer of our time. I install my works in art institutions such as galleries, museums, public spaces and churches. Viewers find themselves confronted with new questions and disturbing ideas, which aim to sabotage patriarchal narratives and dogmas.


Objective:To explore preventing efficacy of small dose of amiodarone combined valsartan or benazepril on recurrence of atrial fibrillation(AF)in aged patients with continuative AF after cardioversion and their mechanism.Methods:After drug or electrical conversion,a total of 150patients with continuative AF(lasted long than 7d)were randomly and equally divided into amiodarone group(group Ⅰ),amiodarone+ valsartan group(group Ⅱ)and amiodarone+ benazepril group(group Ⅲ);All patients were followed up for one year.AF recurrence,left atrial diameter(LAD)before,after treatment two weeks,three,six,and 12months were compared among three groups.Results:A total of 142cases completed the treatment.Compared with groupⅠafter 12-month follow up,there were significant decrease in recurrence rate of AF(37.50% vs.17.39% vs.18.75%)and LAD[(38.11 ±1.24)mm vs.(34.11±1.37)mm vs.(34.13±1.36)mm]in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,P0.05all,but there were no significant difference in above indexes between group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,P0.05.Conclusion:Compared with single usage of amiodarone,valsartan or benazepril combined amiodarone is more effective in maintenance of sinus rhythm in continuative atrial fibrillation after cardioversion,and long-term administration can reverse left atrial enlargement,inhibit electrical remodeling,and then prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation.


Industrial axial flow compressors are specially designed to achieve a wide operating range. The analysis of an existing 6 stage axial flow research compressor indicated that the front stage could be improved significantly using modern design technique. To demonstrate the advantages of such a technique a redesign of the current front stage was conducted.By controlling the diffusion inside the blade sections with an inverse design method, loading was enlarged. Higher loading normally results in a reduction of profile incidence range. For compensation a wide chord application was chosen. Compared to the original compressor version, experiments resulted in steeper characteristic curves together with larger usable operating range. Keeping the same outer and inner diameter, mass flow was increased by 6%. Measurements of performance curves with variable speed and for guide vane control are presented. Theoretical calculations achieve a high degree of agreement with measured performance.Copyright © 1993 by ASME


Data on prevalence and etiopathogenesis of development of a post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome are provided in the article, the main manifestations of this disease and methods of their diagnostics are described. Treatment tactics is considered in details, the application of probiotics both for prevention, and for therapy of the described disease is being emphasized. Different studies on the related subject are presented.


Prior research has indicated ari inconsistent agreement between self-report and observer report of depression in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of agreement between a self-report measure of depression and a structured interview. Both outpatients (N=100) and inpatients (N=50) with schizophrenia were assssed using the Beck Depression Inventory and a structured interview scale, the Calgary depression Scale. Scores were convergent. However, a sizable proportion of inpatients had difficulty completing the self-report instrument. It is concluded that depressed affect can be assessed in schizophrenics by both self-report and structured interview, but the Beck Depression Inventory poses difficulties in use with inpatients.


The involvement of maxillofacial tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections ranges from mild dysgeusia to life‐threatening tissue necrosis, as seen in SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated mucormycosis. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which functions as a receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2 was reported in the epithelial surfaces of the oral and nasal cavities; however, a complete understanding of the expression patterns in deep oral and maxillofacial tissues is still lacking.


This chapter conducts a political history of empirical legal studies (ELS). We begin by locating its American origins and its transatlantic crossing into Europe within broader structural changes in society and politics. We then zoom into legal academia and demonstrate how the rise of ELS has been undergirded by a two-front politics of institutional change. The first battle was waged in the arena of disciplinary politics: ELS sought to correct a perceived ideational and formalist bias within law faculties via a more realistic jurisprudence and by transplanting quantitative methodologies deployed by social scientists. As proponents of ELS faced resistances from colleagues, they embraced a strategy of institutional change centered on creating autonomous ELS journals, conferences, and centers that would project influence back into law facilities. The second battle was waged in the arena of knowledge politics: ELS embraced a conception of the 'empirical' as quantifiable data lending itself to statistical analyses responsive to evolving social and market needs. In so doing, ELS dissociated quantitative methodologies from the social science theories promoting their development and discounted qualitative approaches that could also advance the empirical study of law. Hence despite notable successes, ELS' disciplinary and knowledge politics also produced unintended consequences leading to some self-estrangement from both law faculties and the social sciences.


Music in Science Fiction Television: Tuned to the Future. K.J. Donnelly and Philip Hayward (eds), Music in Science Fiction Television: Tuned to the Future. London: Routledge, 2012. 248pp. £24.99 (pbk).Despite a continued focus on film in screen sound studies, television has long been a unique place of sonic engagement. Since television began, the ambition and imagination of sf writers has been much more advanced than the technological means for realising these. While scholars have acknowledged the genre's fans, a focus on the sound of sf television helps to demonstrate how the genre has become so effective.This volume explores the distinctive traits of the medium and the specifics of genre, laying an important foundation for researchers interested in television sound. As editors Donnelly and Hayward note in the preface, the collection aims to 'offer an alternative to the simple "wheeling over" of film soundtrack studies to a significantly different medium' (xv). This is a challenge they address by including essays that acknowledge television as episodic, historically contextualised and at times scarce, while at others reborn via reruns, reissues and remakes in emerging post-broadcast formats. The flexibility of the medium and its reach is also acknowledged with the range of mostly American and British case studies, drawing on live action and animation, as well as programming aimed at both mainstream and specialist audiences. As Donnelly and Hayward conclude, sf television has often been a place of contradictions and controversies while also being almost constantly present, having 'often functioned as a philosophical Trojan horse, introducing complex ideas within simple shows' (xvii). Of course, they continue that the genre 'has achieved a similar thing in musical terms, introducing cutting edge electronic music, and on occasion challenging avant-garde music to children's programs on prime time television' (xvii).The following chapters are focused mainly on individual case studies of long-running programs, with some double-up where shows have been reborn or recontextualised. Particularly impressive is David Butler's chapter on the music in 'New Doctor Who', which provides a nuanced and in-depth discussion of Murray Gold's score and its application in the evolving text. While common terms for film music (like 'leitmotif ') appear, Butler's usage acknowledges television's distinct use of such musical devices. His claim that 'the new series of Doctor Who has challenged the prevailing wisdom about the function and position of music in mainstream screen drama' (163) issues a challenge to other genre television scholars to consider changes in the form in recent years.Continuing with Doctor Who (UK 1963-89; 2005-), Phil Hayward and Jon Fitzgerald explore music television's reach and influence beyond the original series, with a focus on reinterpretations, covers and new contextualisations of Ron Grainer's iconic series theme tune. This extra-televisional study is impressive as it provides scope for television's influence to be measured beyond ratings, offering a model for considering broader cultural influence and cross-industrial cultural creation. The volume and diversity of reimaginings of the musical theme provides insight into the viewership of the programme both at the time of its original release and in various replayings and rememberings. …


This Study aims to suggest the way that Korean teachers in outside of Korea teach Korean culture to their students whose proficiency in Korean language is beginner. Language and Culture are not separately taught because of its inextricable relations. However, the objective of culture teaching has been subordinated under the language teaching. Korean learners who learn Korean language outside of Korea are fascinated by Korean culture, but their Korean language proficiency is not high enough to learn Korean Culture using Korean as a medium of instruction. However culture education materials which include comparison between target culture and learners` own culture are developed for advanced learners. Therefore this study suggests tasks which enable beginners to participate the process of selection of culture contents for culture education and analysis on Korean culture and comparison of Korean and their own culture. These tasks could enhance learners` perspectives on culture and language as well as Korean culture.


Estimates of mean effects, additive, dominance, additive × additive, additive × dominance, and dominance × dominance gene effects were obtained for 15 crosses from 6 inbred lines of corn for each of the following attributes: plant height, kernel row number, ear length, ear diameter, and seed weight.All the gene effects were found to contribute to inheritance of the attributes in the crosses studied. However, not all gene effects are present in all crosses. Mean effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes. Of the gene effects, the dominance gene effects were the most important contributors to the inheritance of the attributes except for kernel row number. Additive, dominance and epistatic gene effects appear to contribute more or less equally to the inheritance of kernel row number. Additive gene effects were more important for these attributes than for yield. They were relatively more important for kernel row number, ear diameter, and seed weight than for plant height...


In [10] and [11], the second author proved the following theorem by using Synge's formula: THEOREM I. Let M be a kähler manifold with positive holomorphic bi-sectional curvature. Then every pseudoconvex domain in M is a Stein manifold.


In the study of Latin America's economic history, discussion of the role of the export sector in promoting development has entered a provocative new stage. Recently, advances in the understanding of export economies have questioned the view that export orientation is the principal cause of underdevelopment and dependence. New studies have demonstrated the impact of export growth on the increasingly efficient use of domestic factors of production improvement of transportation networks, urban and industrial diversification, and active state intervention accompanied by the rising political influence of middle and labor sectors. Yet despite the perceived importance of domestic and foreign credit during the heyday of export-led growth, and the often underestimated but crucial native struggle to control and direct Latin American financial structures, few of those works have analyzed the crucial links between the economic structure and native financial development.


Objective To improve the diagnostic rate and therapeutic level of primary small intestinal neoplasm.Methods 96 cases with primary small intestinal tumors treated in our hospital from 1984 to 2003 were studied retrospectively. All patients were identified by postoperative histopathological examination.Results 72.9 % of patients were malignant tumors. The key clinical features of these patients consisted of bleeding in digestive tract, bowel obstruction, abdominal pain, abdominal mass. 56.3 % of patients got the definite diagnosis of small bowel tumor preoperatively. The chief method of diagnosis is the hypotonic contrast X ray examination. Endoscopy and superior mesenteric arteriography can increase the diagnostic rate. The malignant cases underwent curative operation 39 cases, cytoreductive operation 15 cases such as simple resection of tumor, palliative operation 16 cases, respectively. Conclusion Small intestinal neoplasm is difficult to be diagnosed preoperatively. Surgery remains as the chief therapy of choice.


We have demonstrated the feasibility of trimming the critical current of Josephson tunnel junctions by doping the lead alloy counter electrodes. The critical current may be changed by more than a factor of six, while retaining the quality of the current-voltage characteristics and the critical current uniformity. For junctions with PbSb counter electrodes doped with less than 0.2 nm of Sn, the increase of critical current is stable after proper annealing and depends linearly on the dosage. For dosages heavier than 0.25 nm, the increase of critical current saturates at ∼ 500%. These changes may be explained by the conversion of some oxide at the interface between the counter electrode and the tunneling barrier to the oxide of the dopant. The modification of the height and thickness of the tunneling barrier changes the critical current of the junction.


Imparting diversity to binaries by inserting garbage instructions is an effective defense against code-reuse attacks. Relocating and breaking up code gadgets removes an attacker's ability to craft attacks by merely studying the existing code on their own computer. Unfortunately, inserting garbage instructions also slows down program execution. The use of profiling enables optimizations that alleviate much of this overhead, while still maintaining the high level of security needed to deter attacks. These optimizations are performed by varying the probability for the insertion of a garbage instruction at any particular location in the binary. The hottest regions of code get the smallest amount of diversification, while the coldest regions get the most diversification.
 We show that static and dynamic profiling methods both reduce run-time overhead to under 2.5% while preventing over 95% of original gadgets from appearing in any diversified binary. We compare static and dynamic profiling and find that dynamic profiling has a slight performance advantage in a best-case scenario. But we also show that dynamic profiling results can suffer greatly from bad training input. Additionally, we find that static profiling creates smaller binary files than dynamic profiling, and that the two methods offer nearly identical security characteristics.


Composites containing 30 vol% β-Si 3 N 4 whiskers in a Si 3 N 4 matrix were fabricated by hot-pressing. The composites exhibited fracture toughness values between 7.6 and 8.6 MPa•m 1/2 , compared to 4.0 MPa•m 1/2 for unreinforced polycrystalline Si 3 N 4 . The improvements in fracture toughness were attributed to crack wake effects, i.e., whiskerbridging and pullout mechanisms.


While topical treatment of onychomycosis has proved largely unsuccessful, a nail solution containing 28% tioconazole has been effective in 22% of those treated. This study compared tioconazole 28% with placebo solution containing base only in patients receiving 1 g daily oral griseofulvin over a 1-year period. All patients had bilateral toe-nail infections caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Seventy nails were treated: in each patient, nails on one side received active compound and, on the other side, base only. Sixty-nine percent of nails treated with griseofulvin plus tioconazole achieved clinical and mycological remission, compared to 41% of those receiving oral drug plus placebo solution only. In addition, the mean percentage re-growth of infected nails was greater on the side receiving active compound at Months 1, 3, 6 and 9, but not at Month 12. These results suggest that combined oral griseofulvin and topical therapy with 28% tioconazole nail solution is an effective method of managing onychomycosis. No side-effects attributable to the treatment were observed during the study.


Artificial inseminasion (AI) of crossbreed goats was initiated to introduce better and new genetic at the small holder farmer level by using frozen semen. In Indonesia, AI using Boer goat freezing semen have been introduce to overcome reproductive inefficiency and accelerate genetic gain in local goat which animals were reared under field condition on small holder farm. This research was performed to compare of the success rate of AI with frozen semen at the level of small holder farmers versus a researh farm. Mature female local goat (PE and Kacang goat) grouped in two different environment with the total of 38 head at the researh farm and 18 in a small holder farm. Animals were synchronized with progesterone double injection of PGF2α. All the does were inseminated at the fixed time of 43-45 hrs after second injection of PGF2α at 12 hrs interval. Pregnancy of the does test was determined by observing he animal didnot show estrus between 18-21 days post insemination for at least 2 estrus cycle (Non Return Rate). Pregnancy was also diagnosted using tl paplation method. Results showed that 80,0 % of does showed estrus signs and 70 % of them were detected between 24 – 42 hrs after PGF2α injection. An overall 57.85 % pregnancy rate was recorded. Higher pregnancy rate (69.54%) was obtained in does inseminated in research farm compare to 53.57 % at small holder farm. Sex ratio of the 125 offspring is 53 %. All variable observed of reproductive performance had a significant effect (P< 0.05) except of PE vs Boer crossbreed. Results were encouraging in that this is one of the first report of kidding through AI in estrus induced of local Indonesian goats then cross to Boer goat in both research farm versus a small holder farm. Moreover, it indicated the feasibility of using synchronization and fixed time AI to enhance the reproductive efficiency and genetic quality in local goat which crossed with Boer goat.


Analysing shifts in policy requires us to appreciate that they are embedded in the past as well as in the present. Parsons in a recent examination of policy development argues that "it is existing policies which set the agendas for new problems and provide the discourse within which problems will be constructed" (Parsons 1995:231). Understanding the development of New Zealand's housing strategy for the 21st century requires us to understand both the past transformations that occurred through the 1980s and 1990s and the future predictions with respect to the shape of New Zealand's future population, tenure shifts and increasing diversity (NZ Housing Strategy, 2004, 2005).


Vibration Pattern Imager (VPI) system and software designed to control and acquire data from laser vibrometer sensors. Based on personal computer, includes digital signal-processing (DSP) board and analog input/output (I/O) circuit board to control sensors and process data. Originally developed for use with Ometron VPI Sensor, adapted to any commercially available sensor that provides analog output signal and requires analog inputs for control of mirror position. VPI system includes graphical user interface providing for interactive control through keyboard and mouse-selected menu options. Main menu controls all functions for setup, acquisition of data, display, file operations, and leaving program. Two types of data acquired with system: single point or "full field". Written in C language and Texas Instrument' TMS320C30 assembly language.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank God for blessing me and allowing me such opportunities as to complete my Ph.D. I would express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Professor Spyros A. Reveliotis for his thoughtful guidance, encouragement and support that he has generously provided throughout my Ph.D. work. Jim Dai and Magnus Egerstedt for their time and valuable comments and suggestions on this work. Much appreciation and love is extended to all of my family and friends. I would like to especially acknowledge my dear parents and parents-in-law, for their continued understanding , encouragement and love throughout all these years. Table 18 Example: The system throughput as a function of the control variables, ω 1 and ω 2 , and its maximal value, for various values of the deadlock recovery rate, Figure 22 Example: Graphing the system (total) throughput as a function of the independent variable ω 1 and for a product-mix requirement T H 1 /T H 2 = 0.9 96 x SUMMARY The basic definition of the re-entrant line, which constitutes the typical abstraction for the formal modeling and analysis of the fab scheduling problem, considers only the job contest for the finite processing capacity of the system workstations, ignoring completely the effects and complications arising from additional operational issues like the finite buffering capacity of the system workstation / production units. Yet, as the semiconductor industry moves to more extensively automated operational modes, the explicit characterization and control of these additional operational features is of paramount importance for the robust and stable operation of the entire system. Moreover, the operational policies developed to control these logical aspects of the system behavior introduce additional constraints to the fab scheduling problem, that complicate it even further and, more importantly, invalidate prior characterizations of its optimal solutions. Motivated by these remarks, this thesis considers the problem of performance modeling, analysis and control of capacitated, flexibly automated re-entrant lines. Specifically, the first part of the thesis develops an analytical framework for the modeling, analysis, and control of capacitated re-entrant lines, which is based on Generalized Stochastic Petri nets framework. The corresponding scheduling problem is systematically formulated, and the structure of the optimal control policy is characterized and compared to that identified for " traditional " re-entrant lines. The second part of thesis addresses the problem of developing a systematic and com-putationally effective method for computing the optimal scheduling policy …


Abstract Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a nuclear stain are used in a rapid procedure to distinguish early embryonic mortality from true infertility in turkey eggs. The DMSO is used to make the vitelline membrane permeable and to aid in dissolving albumen covering the blastodisc region. Eggs incubated 24 hours are broken out and the bulk of the albumen removed. The yolk is placed in a petri dish and DMSO (0.5 ml.) is dripped slowly onto the blastodisc region. One minute later 0.1 ml. of the nuclear stain is placed on the blastodisc. The stain is rinsed after 30 seconds with either DMSO or 70% ethyl alcohol. When the stained blastodiscs are examined with a dissecting microscope, the lacunae are readily evident throughout the truly infertile blastodiscs. In contrast, no lacunae are present in obviously fertile eggs. Eggs in which lacunae are concentrated in the periphery of the blastodisc are considered to have been fertile, but one in which the embryo dies early in development.


An outline of the basic regulatory approaches for minimization of environmental impacts from uranium mining and milling in Canada is presented. Requirements of the Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) currently being enforced are much more rigorous for uranium mill tailings than for other tailings, even though the environmentl hazards of uranium mill tailings are generally the same order of magnitude as those associated with other tailings. Safety considerations set forth by the AECB are outlined. the extent of the environmental impact of the AECB rulings are discussed using mines in the elliot Lake area of Ontario for illustrative purposes. Some statements are included as to what the author feels is necessary to regain public confidence and acceptance or uranium mining and the entire uranium industry. (BLM)


Purpose: Long term variation of ExacTrac image isocenter‐to‐room lasers on a Novalis machine were analyzed and the congruence between radiation isocenter and ExacTrac kV‐image isocenter was evaluated by using an in‐ house Winston‐Lutz (WL) based MatLab program as well as ExacTrac WL‐ images. Methods: Over 100 daily verification data of ExacTrac isocenter phantom as well as of WL phantom were analyzed to find out the long term trend of ExacTrac image isocenter‐to‐room lasers. Radiation isocenter was also evaluated using the pre‐radiosurgery WL Test performed with ten angle combinations of gantry/couch. The GafChromic film was analyzed with an in‐house MatLab program to compute the vertical‐, longitudinal‐, and lateral‐coordinates of the radiation isocenter‐to‐room lasers by combining the isocenter displacement of every angle combination. By comparing the WL radiation isocenter‐to‐room lasers with ExacTrac kV‐image isocenter‐ to‐room lasers, the 3D displacement between radiation isocenter and ExacTrac WL‐image isocenter was determined. Results: The vertical‐, longitudinal‐, and lateral‐displacements of the ExacTrac image isocenter‐to‐ room lasers for the isocenter phantom were 0.35±0.16mm, 0.07±0.15mm, and −0.03±0.10mm, respectively. The displacements for the WL phantom were 0.43±0.18mm, 0.28±0.20mm, and −0.12±0.25mm, respectively. The average displacements of WL phantom from the radiation isocenter in the vertical‐, longitudinal‐, and lateral‐coordinates were 0.51±0.19mm, 0.12±0.33mm, and −0.11±0.24mm, respectively. Conclusions: We evaluated the congruence between radiation isocenter and ExacTrac kV‐image isocenter using an in‐house WL‐based MatLab program. The average discrepancy was well within 0.6 mm in all directions.


All eigenstructure methods for estimating the direction-of-arrival of sources arebased on exploiting the structure of R(ω),which can be described as a matrix decompo-sition problem,What is important is the uniqueness of the decomposition.This paper discusses both uniqueness and existence problems.


natural and artificial high-dimensional time series are often controlled by a set of lower-dimensional independent factors. In this paper anisotropic diffusion is combined with local dynamical models to provide intrinsic global modeling that reveals these factors. The obtained model is shown to be invariant to the measuring equipment and can be efficiently extended. These two properties are paramount for sequential processing and provide a foundation for probabilistic analysis. The widely applicable approach is demonstrated on nonlinear tracking problems based on both simulated and recorded data.


Objective To analyze the awareness of tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control among rural doctors in Taishan district of Tai'an city,so as to provide a scientific evidence for the training of TB prevention and control.Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 195 rural doctors from 7 townships of Taishan district attending the third quarter township regular meeting from July to September 2011.A total of 195 questionnaires were issued,and 195 valid questionnaires were retrieved.The contents included the basic situation of respondents,knowledge of TB prevention and control,and education for the public by rural doctors.The data were audited and input with EpiData3.0,and then checked logically to ensure its reliability.Results Of 195 rural doctors,43 encountered tuberculosis clinically.For questions like "Can tuberculosis be cured "and "How to deal with suspected patients",the awareness rate was relatively high(95.90% and 95.38%).The awareness rate was low in terms of main symptoms of pulmonary TB and national free policy(35.39% and 43.08%).Only 51.28% of rural doctors admitted they often introduced the knowledge of TB prevention and control,11.28% seldom discussed this with their patients and 3.08% never.Conclusion The awareness rate of TB prevention and control was low among rural doctors Taishan district,they need further training on TB prevention and control,focusing on the main symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis,national free policy and follow-up time for sputum smear examination,etc.


T HE Eight Year Study, carried on by the Commission on the Relation of School and College of the Progressive Education Association, was organized to provide an opportunity for a selected group of thirty secondary schools to experiment with their programs. The schools felt that, if they were unhampered by collegeentrance requirements, they could provide for all their pupils more fruitful and effective educational experiences. To facilitate experimentation with a broader program, a majority of the colleges throughout the country agreed, for the period of the study, to admit students from these secondary schools without reference to the particular pattern of entrance units or credits presented. The study provided for a twofold program of evaluation: one in the high schools and one in the colleges.' The purpose of the school evaluation was to determine the extent to which a school was successful in achieving the objectives set up by its faculty. The evaluation staff assisted the teachers in clarifying their objectives and developed instruments designed to show the extent to which these objectives were being achieved. The primary function of the study of the college success achieved by the students was to determine the extent to which students entering college under the Eight Year Study plan were successful in the pursuit of their college work. The high schools, the colleges, the parents, and some laymen wanted to know whether students prepared in these deviate fashions could "stand the gaff" of college work. The schools were confident, the parents hopeful, and the colleges generally dubious. 1 The evaluation program was made possible by a subvention from the General Education Board.


The 1 ead and lead alloy groups hold a relati vely more important po si tion in the eleccrochemical industry than they do in other industrial fields , because of their abundant use as anodes in the electrolytic winning of zinc or as the electrode plates of accumulators , etc. 50 far , much research conceming the corrosion of lead and !ead alloys has been performed , mainly to detect the curren t-potential curve and the corrosion rate-time curve by controlling anodic current. But no research has been made to measure electro-chemical polarization through the use of the potentiostat. The results obtained are as fo lJ ows:


The title compounds undergo regio- and diastereoselective [2+2]-cycloaddition at the olefinic C-C bond on irradiation (350 nm) in the presence of either methacrylonitrile or 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene, affording hitherto unknown 1-cyclobutylalk-1-yn-3-ones or 1-bicyclo[4.2.0]octylalk-1-yn-3-ones, respectively.


Propagation of electromagnetic waves over irregular, inhomogeneous terrain is solved by a finite difference scheme. The method is fast and requires considerably less memory than the integral equation methods. The method requires a storage space of order O(N) and an execution time of order O(N/sup 2/). Fields generated by a TE/sub 2/ line source are represented in an integral form in terms of the field over a flat, constant impedance plane (the incident field), and the field scattered by the terrain irregularities and inhomogeneities. Accurate expressions are provided for the incident field and the Green's function, whose evaluation is otherwise accomplished by the rather time-consuming Sommerfeld's integrals. Measured equation of invariance is used to terminate the computational domain. The sparse matrix generated by the method is inverted by the Ricatti transform. Numerical results are presented for the ground wave as well as for the sky wave. Comparison is made for known geometries to establish the validity and limitations of the method. >


Political and social distinctions in Rome. T he strict conception of the unity and omnipotence of the state in all matters pertaining to it, which was the central principle of the Italian constitutions, placed in the hands of the single president nominated for life a formidable power, which was felt perhaps by the enemies of the land, but was not less heavily felt by its citizens. Abuse and oppression could not fail to ensue from it, and, as a necessary consequence, efforts were made to accomplish its limitation. It was, however, the grand distinction of the efforts after reform and the revolutions in Rome, that there was no attempt to impose limitations on the community as such or even to deprive it of corresponding organs of expression—that there never was any endeavour to assert the so-called natural rights of the individual in contradistinction to the community—that on the contrary the attack was wholly directed against the form in which the community was represented. Prom the times of the Tarquins down to those of the Gracchi the cry of the party of progress in Rome was not for limitation of the power of the state, but for limitation of the power of the magistrates; nor amidst that cry was the truth ever forgotten, that the people ought not to govern, but ought, on the contrary, to be governed. That struggle developed itself within the burgess-body. Side by side with it ran another movement, the cry of the non-burgesses for equality of political privileges.


The importance of "Golden time", the early hours for saving lives in case of an accident, is being increasingly recognized day by day. Especially for marine accidents, it may take several hours for a rescue team to arrive, depending on location. Therefore, captains should always be prepared to handle situations independently. In this paper, in order to make better use of Golden Time in an emergency, we determined what the first consideration should be when selecting a ship evacuation route from perspective of the ship operator. To achieve this, we used maritime accident judgments and ship emergency response manual to identify ship evacuation priorities. AHP analysis (decision-making hierarchy analysis) was conducted for ship operators to determine consideration priorities. As a result, it was found that ship operator consider the safety of people about 6 times more important than that of the actual ship. In order to select an evacuation route, the location of coast guard ships, port of refuge, emergency anchorage, surrounding vessels, drifting and beaching factor are taken into consideration. By using these priority considerations, the decision-making processes of ship operators in emergency situations can be improved.


Vendor base rationalization is a crucial element of overall supplier relationship management strategy as it not only aligns but also synergizes the competencies, resulting in a win-win situation for both supplier and buyer. This is done by managing the supplier base in an effective manner by identifying and selecting suppliers for strategic long-term partnerships, involving them in early design phase of the product or new processes, allocating resources to enhance supplier performance by providing them the necessary and relevant benchmarks and continuous feedbacks. Rationalization of the supplier base requires one to create quantifiers which monitor vendor's performance and create a platform to evaluate their progress in terms of buyer's strategic objective. This paper aims to sensitize the need for vendor base rationalization, followed by a generic approach to achieve the same and details out a step-by-step approach.


To carry out modular teaching of specialized courses is the reform of the traditional teaching mode.Take the case of MPS courses,the paper focuses on the teaching contents,teaching methods and teaching evaluation of modular teaching,so as to improve the comprehensive capabilities of students majoring in mechatronics and make a good preparation for their employment.


In this abstract we report on the design of a low energy consumption CMOS-compatible FranzKeldysh effect plasmonic modulator. The main characteristics of the modulator were determined using integrated electro-optical simulations. A 3.3 dB extinction ratio for a 30 μm long modulator was demonstrated under 3 V bias voltage at an operation wavelength of 1647 nm. The estimated energy consumption was as low as 20 fJ/bit. This is the lowest energy consumption reported with photonic Franz-Keldysh effect modulators. The structure of the modulator proposed is presented in Fig. 1. It consists in a classical vertical MIS plasmonic slot waveguide formed by Copper (Cu), Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) and Germanium (Ge). The Si3N4 diffusion barrier has a thickness hSlot and the Ge core has a width w and a height h. Such a structure stands on a p-doped Ge (p-Ge) layer of height hBot which is over a p-doped Si layer (p-Si) of height hBuf. Everything is encapsulated by SiO2. The structure has two electrical contacts: one in the top Cu material and the other in the p-Ge and p-Si. Such a structure is CMOS-compatible, as it can be fabricated on a SOI substrate using microelectronics tools. Fig. 1: Cross section of the Franz-Keldysh effect plasmonic modulator The active principle of the modulator is to use the Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect [1,2] in order to modulate the plasmonic mode supported by the slot waveguide. The FK effect is the change in absorption that a material experiences under the influence of a static electric field. The change in the absorption occurs close to the band-edge energy of the material, i.e. at the wavelength of 1647 nm in strained Ge grown on silicon. This slot waveguide supports a plasmonic mode whose electric field is concentrated mainly in the Si3N4 slot and in the Ge core. When a voltage V is applied between the contacts, a static electric h Slot


IT is generally believed that Mozart disliked the flute, yet it is as often remarked upon that his flute music is beautiful. The idea that Mozart had an aversion to the flute is borne out by a letter to his father of September I4th 1778, wherein he wrote: " You know that I become quite powerless whenever I am obliged to write for an instrument which I cannot bear ". This passage refers to the flute compositions which he had been commissioned to write while at Mannheim for the amateur Dutch flautist, H. deJean (or Dechamps). Now if everyone is to have his letters believed implicitly, many people would have to take greater care what they write, certainly at the age of twenty-two. It is possible that Mozart cared less for the flute than for some instruments, and he probably considered it more limited in expression than, say, the clarinet. But Mozart may well have written as he did chiefly because he was annoyed. He had not completed his commission; he was not, therefore, paid in full (which upset him) and he was convinced he had better things to do than to write what he considered trifles for a Dutch amateur. His letters during his stay at Mannheim are not so impeccable in other ways that we need be convinced that he " could not bear " the flute; a passing aversion is much more likely. The flute as Mozart knew it during his childhood, his stay at Mannheim and probably for some time after his arrival in Vienna was the established one-keyed instrument, with six finger-holes and a conical bore. It was, like all woodwind instruments of his time, imperfectly made, the holes being bored very much to suit the natural spread of the fingers, thus causing several notes to be out of tune unless blown with great care. Although, owing to its great popularity, the flute must often have been played very badly, the better flautists overcame their technical problems and satisfied the keenest ear. It is impossible to imagine Mozart writing the elaborate high flute parts in the later piano concertos for a player who could not be relied upon to keep in tune. Whether played well or ill, Mozart heard the flute constantly from his childhood. Kings, noblemen, amateurs and valets played the flute, and it might be supposed that, whether he liked the instrument or no, it would appear in almost all his orchestral music. As usual, however, Mozart surprises us. For him the orchestra


Mario Bellini has worked as an architect and designer for morethan twenty years. In 1987 he was honored with an exhibition atthe New York Museum of Modern Art, and his designs for Vitra andRosenthal have already become legendary. His architecture is inspiredby a special sense of detail and form. Bellini supplements hisdesign work with an intensive theoretical discussion and alsoapproaches the subject of architecture in his work as an exhibitiondesigner - here, his widely praised presentation of renaissancemodels from Brunelleschi to Michelangelo in Venice and Berlincomes to mind. This book documents the most important buildings, projects, and exhibitions of Bellini and thus provides an overview of thecreative work of this internationally renowned architect.


The majority of drug screening assays are aimed at selection of compounds that affect proliferation or survival of myeloma cells. However, this approach might fail to identify compounds with a potent therapeutic activity that are unable to directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro but might have potent anti-tumor activity in vivo by targeting the microenvironment of the myeloma cell. For this purpose we used a Multiplex drug-screening assay (MDSA) to identify compounds with potential anti-myeloma activity from a library of 1120 compounds provided by the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF). MDSA is based on use of the Luminex technology (LabMAP Multianalyte Profiling), and testing various myeloma producing factors (MPFs), such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that are important for myeloma cell proliferation and survival. The multiple myeloma cell lines MM1.S, RPMI-8226, and IM9 were tested for their capacity to secrete the full set of 31 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. RPMI-8226 was selected for MDSA due to its high capacity to secrete MPFs (IL-8, VEGF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP10, RANTES and SIL-6R). RPMI-8226 cells were treated with 10 10−6M of each compound (first screening phase) and 1 10−6M (secondary screening), and supernatants from 72-hour cultures were analyzed. The criterion of effective drugs for each cytokine was set up as the ability to inhibit or stimulate MPFs (exceed +/− 1.5 mean value of non-treated control). The resulting data on the drugs were graded by the degree to which they caused inhibition or stimulation of all MPFs (greater than 50% and greater than 90%).

A total of 205 of the 1,120 candidates were picked out from the first screening at 10 10−6M. Results from the second analysis (at 1 10−6M) indicated that 14 compounds achieved inhibition of all MPFs and dequalinium dichloride manifested the strongest inhibition of all MPFs. Forty drugs were able to selectively inhibit certain MPFs at levels that exceeded 50% and 14 drugs inhibited MPFs by 90%. With respect to stimulation of cytokine secretion, a total of 39 compounds demonstrated selective stimulation of some MPFs and three drugs (amethopterin (R, S), etoposide, and lasalocid sodium salt) induced stimulation at the level of 90% or greater.

Overall, MDSA is a powerful high throughput screening assay to analyze compounds with inhibitory or stimulatory effects on cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. Potent compounds identified in this study warrant further investigation for their anti-myeloma effects in vitro and in vivo .


Ultrasound imaging offers a safe, inexpensive method for obtaining medical data. It is also desirable in that data can be acquired at real-time rates and the necessary hardware can be compact and portable. The work presented here documents our attempts at providing interactive 3-D visualization of ultrasound data. We have found two volume rendering visualization packages to be quite useful and have extended one to perform stereographic volume visualization. Using a relatively inexpensive pair of commercial stereo glasses, we believe we have found a combination of tools that offers a viable system for enhancing 3-D ultrasound visualization.


The purpose of this study is to find out how the culture of Islamic boarding schools in building the character of students at Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Blokagung. In this study, researchers used qualitative research methods with 10 students as research subjects. Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed qualitatively by means of data collection, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions.
The results of the study show that building the character of students in Islamic boarding schools must be through habituation, exemplary teachers/asatidz and all parties in Islamic boarding schools and parents at home. In carrying out learning in developing the character of students through the culture of Islamic boarding schools, using habituation and example in Islamic boarding schools as follows: 1) teaching honest actions, 2) teaching students about responsible attitudes, 3) teaching students about disciplinary actions, 4) working together with his friends, as well as spiritual activities in Pondok Pesantren Darussalam Blokagung.


The work presents the preliminary data of wild boars spatial occupation in mountain environment, based on 9 radio-tagged animals followed during 16 months. The authors suggest that resting places choice and daily movements patterns are related to important seasonal change of the environment and particularly to thermal comfort and safety.


In a high-velocity industry such as ICT (information and communication technology), the technological capabilities of the firm constitute its most critical assets. The purpose of this study is to empirically explore and classify the technological capabilities of small high-tech firms. The study uses data from 124 Finnish companies operating in the ICT industry. On the basis of technological capabilities of the firm, we identified four clusters. The clusters were labelled innovators, technology-oriented defenders, generators and imitators. Our findings imply that the nature of knowledge in the clusters differs. The technological capabilities of the firm give firms clearly different technological postures and also have different performance implications


【Objective】To retrospectively compare prognosis of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma(PGIL) treated by operation combined postoperative chemotherapy with operation alone.【Methods】Forty two PGIL patients were given operation in 1995.1~2002.6,31 patients were given postoperative chemotherapy(COP and CHOP) also,but 11 patients were not given postoperative chemotherapy.The 3,5 years survival of two groups were compared.【Results】The 3,5 years survival rate of operation combined postoperative chemotherapy group was 77.4%(24/31),66.7%(16/24).The 3,5 years survival rate of operation alone group was 54.5%(6/11),27.3%(3/11).There was no difference in 3 years survival rate of two groups.But there was significant difference in 5 yeas survival rate(P0.05).【Conclusion】Operation combined postoperative chemotherapy for PGIL patients may be superior to operation alone on long term survival.


The utility model discloses a household biogas power generating device which comprises a gas mixing unit and an explosive motor which are connected through pipelines, and also comprises a gas supercharging storage unit which is connected with the gas mixing unit through pipelines. The explosive motor is connected with a generator in a transmission way. In the practical application, the pressure and the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied for an engine are controlled by an autocontrol monitoring unit after the household biogas power generating device starts, and the sending-out primary voltage and the power load situation are simultaneously controlled by the autocontrol monitoring unit. The utility model is advanced in technology, and is the current domestic small-size household micro autocontrol biogas generator with high technology content.


Background Biological therapy in patients with pediatric rheumatology disease may be associated with adverse events up to demyelinative lesion of CNS including multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a rare condition in the pediatric practice. Objectives to describe the clinical case of newly diagnosed psoriasis and subsequently developing of multiple sclerosis in pediatric patient revealed in JIA who has been followed-up in Pediatric department of V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology for 8 years. Methods Description of clinical case of 13 y.o. male Caucasian pts presented with polyarthritis variant of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) since 2006. Results The first symptoms (at the age of 1,5) were polyarthritis with fever, morning stiffness and inflammatory activity in laboratory tests in chronological link of DTP – re-vaccination. The patient admitted to the regional hospital where JIA was diagnosed and he received traditional therapy including NSAIDS, methotrexate, numerous of intraarticular injections, methylprednisolone pulse therapy with initial response. By the 2012 the child deteriorated with progressive polyarthritis, deformation of wrist joints, bilateral camptodactylia with progressive destruction on X-ray. Under the administration of abatacept therapy in our clinic in 2012 the significant improvement (70-90% ACR response) was achieved. 2 years later the plaque psoriasis developed. The cutaneous changes were impaired by the regular local application of GC so infusions of abatacept were continued. In 4th years of regular therapy (in the age of 13) sudden neurological symptoms such as headache, loss of sensitivity, ataxia, visual field defect appeared. He was admitted to neurological clinic. Multiple sclerosis was diagnosed based on the presenting signs and symptoms supporting cranial MRI – multiple focal areas of demyelination. Conclusion We presented a patient with JIA who developed two different immunological related adverse events under long-term abatacept using: psoriasis "de novo" appeared as a native origin of juvenile arthritis and CNS – multiple sclerosis. This is the first case of developing MS under the abatacept therapy among the 1118 pts (2002-2018) who receive biological therapy in our clinic. Disclosure of Interests None declared


[5]. Extrinsic airway compression of the main bronchi has once been reported [6]. The correct placement of the SBT is vital in reducing the risk of major complications, and the use of a chest radiograph to confirm the position of the SBT prior to maximal inflation of the gastric balloon has been suggested [5,7]. The gastric balloon should be positioned retracted against the cardia. Although not performed prior to maximal inflation in our case, an early chest radiograph confirmed the correct position of the gastric balloon. Once correct positioning has been confirmed, the SBT is commonly placed on traction with 500–1000 g weight (500 mL of crystalloid in our case). The use of traction does place the SBT at risk of migration. In our case, the gastric balloon migrated into the oesophagus, lodging behind the trachea, possibly being held in place by the complete cricoid ring. Life-threatening extrinsic tracheal compression thus ensued. This was evidenced by the rapid improvement in tidal volume and reduction in airway pressures on removal of the SBT. To avoid the use of traction, and its associated risks of migration, many clinicians now prefer to simply tape the SBT in place once the correct position of the gastric balloon has been confirmed by chest radiograph. Whether the SBT is held under traction or is taped in position, it is important that the correct position of the SBT at the lips or nose is clearly marked on the tube. This simple, but commonly overlooked, step allows any future displacement to be easily recognized. In our case, displacement of the SBT was not immediately recognized but would have been greatly facilitated had the correct position of the SBT been clearly marked at the nose.


This Notice of Preparation (NOP) has been issued to notify interested parties that an Environmental Impact Report (ErR) will be prepared, and to solicit feedback on the scope and content of the analysis in the EIR. The County of EI Dorado (County) will be the lead agency under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and will prepare an ErR to evaluate the environmental effects associated with the proposed project, which includes proposed updates to specific policies contained in the County's General Plan, referred to as the Biological Resources Policy Update, and the proposed adoption of an Oak Resources Management Plan (ORMP). Agencies should comment on such information as it relates to their statutory responsibilities in connection with the proposed project. The ErR is intended to be a program-level document that will analyze the effects ofthe proposed General Plan Biological Resources Policy update and the ORMP. Program EIRs generally analyze broad environmental effects of the program, with the acknowledgment that site-specific environmental review may be required for future actions (14 CCR 15168(a)). Because no specific development projects are being proposed, the analysis will not be parcel-specific. The analysis will focus on the reasonably foreseeable direct and indirect physical environmental effects that could result from implementation of the General Plan Biological Resources Policy update and the ORMP. The County has prepared an Initial StudylEnvironmental Checklist to identify potential and probable environmental impacts that will be evaluated in the EIR. Where the analysis in the


eclampsia and AFLP (de Swiet 1985). The characteristic histological feature in AFLP of hepatic microsteatosis in a periportal distribution may be missed unless specific staining for fat is carried out (Kaplan 1985); focal necrosis is also seen in some cases (Burroughs et al. 1982). One of the reference group of mothers had a twin pregnancy-AFLP has a higher incidence in multiple gestation (Hague etal. 1983), while it would have been of interest to know the sex of the infants (Hague 1982). To be fair to the authors, Weinstein (1982, 1985) did not discuss AFLP in either of his two papers on the so-called HELLP syndrome. We believe that AFLP and pre-eclampsia form part of a spectrum of pregnancy related disorders which may be mild or catastrophic (de Swiet 1985). We urgently need more information about the milder presentation of AFLP, in particular relating hepatic histology to modern techniques of hepatic imaging such as ultrasound, computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. While there are many useful data in this paper, there is much more that could have been said or done. W. M. Hague Honorary Senior Registrar & Research Fellow Cobbold Laboratories Thorn Institute of Clinical Science The Middlesex Hospital Medical School London W l N 8AA Michael de Swiet Consultant Obstetric Physician University College Hospital Gower Street London WCl E 6AU


This paper describes a benchmarking framework applied to medium-sized urban public bus agencies in the United States, which has overcome the challenges of data quality, comparability, and understanding.,The benchmarking methodology described in this paper is based on lessons learned through seven years of development of a fixed-route key performance indicator (KPI) system for the American Bus Benchmarking Group (ABBG). Founded in 2011, the ABBG is a group of public medium-sized urban bus agencies that compare performance and share best practices with peers throughout the United States. The methodology is adapted from the process used within international benchmarking groups facilitated by Imperial College and consists of four main elements: peer selection, KPI system development, processes to achieve high-quality data, and processes to understand relative performance and change.,The four main elements of the ABBG benchmarking methodology consist of 18 subelements, which when applied overcome three main benchmarking challenges: comparability, data quality, and understanding. While serving as examples for the methodology elements, the paper provides specific insights into service characteristics and performance among ABBG agencies.,The benchmarking approach described in this paper requires time and commitment and thus is most suitably applied to a concise group of agencies.,This methodology provides transit agencies, authorities, and benchmarking practitioners a framework for effective benchmarking. It will lead to high-quality comparable data and a strong understanding of the performance context to serve as a basis for organizational changes, whether for policy, planning, operations, stakeholder communication, or program development.,The methodology, while consistent with recommendations from literature, is unique in its scale, in-depth validation and analysis, and holistic and multidimensional approach.


A method for estimating the motion, orientation, position, and trajectory of an object, comprising acquiring sensor data, estimating an attitude of the object, estimating an altitude of the object, extracting a feature, classifying a motion, selecting a motion model, and estimating a motion parameter. Systems for executing the method are also disclosed.


The direct slag splashing process including both metallurgy and slag splashing effects is put forward on the base of erosion mechanism of slag to lining and splashing layer. Theadjusting range of finishing basicity, content of MgO and FeO is discussed, controlling of lance position and time and the reasons of hearth rising are also analyzed so as to use the slag splashing protection technology more effectively.


Ankle injuries are extremely common but aren't always straightforward. Look at this patient's history and x-rays. What do you see?


The formation of expectations plays a key role in our understanding of the macroeconomy. Historically, economists have moved from a naive, mechanical representation of expectations to a more sphisticated one, where rational agents optimally use their information to forecast the future. To be able to do so, agents need to use a model, which allows them to compute the expectations of the relevant variables that they need in order to make their decisions. Typically, in the rational expectations literature, it is assumed that one uses the correct model. In practice, though, the "correct model" is unknown, and, to the extent that it is inevitably an abstraction, the concept of "correct model" is probably meaningless. Instead, we observed di¤erent models produced by di¤erent economists. Depending on the model one is using, one will act di¤erently. Hence, in such a world, economists have substantial in‡uence over macroeconomic outcomes: they can manipulate them by designing their theory appropriately. Of course, no economist will ever concede that he or she is motivated by a political or personal agenda. Instead, they would argue that they are pursuing truth in a disinterested fashion. Yet it is not di¢ cult to …nd a correlation


Developing technology, communication and transportation facilities have led borders to the gradual disappearance. The incidents taking place in different countries go beyond the limits and being felt by large audiences. Solutions to rapidly increasing terrorist attacks and internal turmoil caused security problems in recent years which have become very complicated. Protecting and controlling the borders, finding rapid and comprehensive solutions to illegal border passing problems have become a major problem in many countries. When considering the scope of the border security, it would be understood to examine the data which comes at different times from different sources and types in real time. This can be achieved by a collaboration of different principles. In addition, when large-scale unstructured data analysis also considered for a comprehensive solution, it would be a rational method to develop a pipeline using the Big Data technologies. In this study, we aim to achieve cost-effective, robust, scalable and flexible system to solve the border security problems. The use of Lambda Architecture which provides real time data processing and batch processing capabilities was investigated in border security applications. System development was explained and all information on its principles was provided.


Authors' conclusions Nebulised or inhaled salbutamol, or IV insulin-and-glucose are the first-line therapies for the management of emergency hyperkalaemia that are best supported by the evidence. Their combination may be more effective than either alone, and should be considered when hyperkalaemia is severe. When arrhythmias are present, a wealth of anecdotal and animal data suggests that IV calcium is effective in treating arrhythmia. Further studies of the optimal use of combination treatments and of the adverse effects of treatments are needed. P L A I N L A N G U A G E S U M M A R Y Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia No trials with clinically-important outcomes were identified. Many of the studies were conducted in convenience samples of patients. Many of the trials were methodologically flawed. Adverse events were rarely reported. Decrease in serum potassium was the most frequently reported outcome: for this outcome beta agonists and intravenous insulin-and-glucose were effective. The combination may be more effective than either alone. B A C K G R O U N D Hyperkalaemia is defined as an excess concentration of potassium ions in the extracellular fluid compartment. Hyperkalaemia occurs in outpatients, and between 1% and 10% of hospitalised patients (Moore 1989; Paice 1983; Shemer 1983), often due to renal failure, hyperglycaemia, or inappropriate use of potassium supplements and other drugs that affect potassium homeostasis (Acker 1998; Moore 1989; Paice 1983; Shemer 1983). Commonly used therapies include intravenous (IV) calcium salts to reverse membrane polarization abnormalities (Greenberg 1998; Schwartz 1978; Weiner 1998); bicarbonate (Halperin 1998), insulin (Zierler 1987) or beta-2 agonists (Williams 1985) to shift potassium from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment; and resins (Berlyne 1966;Frohnert 1968; Johnson 1976Scherr 1961) or dialysis (Blumberg 1988) to remove potassium from the extracellular compartment. Patients with hyperkalaemia may experience weakness, fatigue, distal paraesthesiae, and respiratory depression (Freeman 1993). Changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) include peaked T waves, QRS widening, and diminished P waves (Browning 1981). Severe hyperkalaemia can cause the QRS complex to merge with the T wave, leading to a sine wave pattern. This may progress to atrioventricular dissociation, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and death. Treatment for hyperkalaemia has been shown to vary from patient to patient within an institution, without obvious rationale (Acker 1998). Variations in recommendations for treatment of hyperkalaemia were observed in a survey of nephrology program directors (Iqbal 1989). No previous systematic review of this question has appeared.


A dult workJ)lace intervention programs to improve physical activity Ihrough wearing personal pedometers and completing team orientated'virtual journeys' have been shown to be useful in enhancing activity levels (Mummery, Schofield, Hinchliffe, Joyner, & Brown, 2006). Similar approaches applied to the school setting have also been trialled (Oliver, Schofield, & McEvoy, 2006), yet the full potential of web-supported class-based walking challenges to provide data and/or learning experiences to achieve learning outcomes within the academic curriculum remains largely undeveloped. The purpose of this study was to determine Ihe feasibility of using a web-supported class-based walking challenge by identifying cross-curricular linkages to the mandated Queensland curriculum at Ihe Year 5 level. These linkages are described in detail and barriers and conslraints to delivery are described. Recommendations for teachers and schools contemplating a similar activity are provided.


Method for hot rolling of material to be rolled in a rolling hot strip or rolling mills Steckel, wherein for adjusting the course of rolling the rolling cylinders at least are rotated, a box lamination, and a pressure side compression against the material to be rolled, characterized exerted because for selectively modifying the geometry of the strip roughing rolling slab (4) in order to form bands roughing (5) control pivot RAC (20) for dynamic adjustment in the roughing stand, and - - position control (35) and a control force (45) of the guides, at least one roughing stand (1) are used side (8, 9) fast and powerful arranged before and after the roughing stand (1), to whose control the piston position and the piston pressure of the cylinder-piston (12) which adjust the guides are used side (8, 9), and are held combined with each other so that one or a plurality of passes, from a slab (4) with curved or wedge-shaped band roughing flat settle and free wedge (5), selective inversion of the march or during the last conventional manner.


This work is the basis of the following paper (Linzell, 1960) on long-term measurement ofudder blood flow in conscious goats via the readily accessible caudal superficial epigastric or 'milk' vein (in front of the udder), which is the time-honoured source of mammary venous blood. The whole venous drainage of the udder has been re-examined because Linzell & Mount (1955) found valves in this vein pointing towards the udder and not away from it. Although valves (but not their direction) are mentioned by PaliE (1954) in the sheep and have been described in the cow (Becker & Arnold, 1942), the actual direction of blood flow has only been determined for the minor perineal vein joining the udder and vulva (Gracev, 1949; Gracev & Ivanov, 1955), where valves have been known for some time (Becker, 1937; Swett & Matthews, 1949). This has now been determined for all the major veins in conscious and anaesthetized goats of both sexes and various ages, and in some sheep and cattle in addition. The results show that the 'milk' vein carries blood towards the udder in virgin females and males. In lactating females some or all of the valves are incompetent, and when the animal is standing the direction of flow is reversed. Under these conditions the 'milk' vein may carry blood from the udder, the perineum and the abdominal wall or mixtures from all three sources. Conditions are described by which mainly mammary blood may be obtained and estimates made of blood flow over long periods in conscious goats. Of wider interest is the occurrence of valvular incompetence under physiological conditions. In multiparous females the vessels concerned have all the characteristics of varicose veins.


CPC presented the concept of the construction of a conservation culture in the report at the 17th congress.The construction of a conservation culture is to correct people's attitudes,concepts and comprehensions of nature,and guides them to put theory into the practice of utilize and develop nature.The conservation culture can be probed into at ethical level,practical level and indemnificatory level.The construction of a conservation culture not only can enrich and develop the theory about sustainable development and harmonious society,but also can promote the development of economy and society in China.


Plasma kallikrein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from bronchial asthma patients and compared to that of normal adults. Characterization using chromogenic substrates S-2302, S-2266, S-2222, and using inhibitors SBTI, Trasyrol, DIFP, suggested that the amidolytic activity in BALF from bronchial asthma patients was compatible with plasma kallikrein. Using immunoblotting method with specific antibody, we concluded that the plasma kallikrein-like activity in BALF was surely plasma kallikrein itself. The plasma kallikrein activity in BALF obtained from patients with late asthmatic response (LAR) was significantly higher than that in fluid from patients with immediate asthmatic response (IAR). Kininogenase activity was also detected by cleavage of bradykinin from acid-treated plasma. To investigate whether the plasma kallikrein in BALF originated from human lung mast cell or basophil, the supernatant of lung mast cells and that of basophils were tested using three chromogenic substrates and the immunoblotting method. We conculuded that the plasma kallikrein in BALF did not originate from lung mast cells or basophils. These results suggested that elevated amounts of plasma kallikrein in BALF of patients with LAR might contribute to the pathogenesis and modification of LAR.


Report describes study of those joints in main combustion chamber of main engine of space shuttle bonded by use of electrodeposited nickel on electrodeposited copper on NARloy-Z. Primary concern in study to understand interrelationships among stresses in joints, strengths of joints, and variations of parameters of joints, with view toward developing process controls to ensure strong joints free of defects. Results of study appear applicable to any similarly bonded joints characterized by parameters used and assumptions made in study.


Modern collections of flower-ornamental crops of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens (NBG) are formed as a result of long-term introduction and breeding researches begun, respectively, for Rosa L. in 1812 and 1824., for Syringa L. in 1813 and 1941, for Iris × hybrida hort. in 1812 and 1986, for Hemerocallis × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1995, for Clematis L. in 1817 and 1953, for Tulipa L. in 1812 and 1960, for Canna × hybrida hort. In 1812 and 1948, for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. in 1812 and 1939. Each collection currently includes cultivars of both foreign and domestic selection, including those created in the NBG. The total amount of the collections is 2406 species, cultivars and forms. The collections of roses, clematises, cannas and chrysanthemums are the largest in the Russian Federation. The Rosa collection includes 35 garden groups from 36 existing ones, Syringa – 6 from 7 groups of flower coloring, Iris – all 6 existing garden groups, Clematis – 14 garden groups, Tulipa – 14 garden classes from 15, Canna – both existing garden groups, Chrysanthemum – all 11 classes of this crop. Thus, the formed collections quite fully reflect the created varietal diversity of each of these crops and provide a full material for further breeding and identification of adapted assortment for landscaping in the South of Russia.


A new solution is introduced for the relative position and velocity of two spacecraft on eccentric orbits perturbed by Earth oblateness. The equations of relative motion subject to an arbitrary perturbing force are derived in the normalized form suitable for eccentric orbits, with true anomaly as the independent variable. This general framework is used to derive the solution in the case of perturbation by the second zonal harmonic of Earth's gravitational potential. A comparison of error trends against eccentricity and inter-spacecraft separation is presented between the new solution and several prominent translational and orbital element-based solutions from the literature. .


The international Argo Program was launched at the turn of the millennium. It has since collected over 2 million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper 2000 m of the global ocean. Gridded interpolation is a technology that gives full play to the advantages of these profiles because they are scattered. This study develops a global gridded Argo dataset, called GDCSM-Argo, by using an improved gradient-dependent correlation scale method. The dataset is theoretically verified, its error-related statistics are recorded, and it is compared with other datasets to establish its reliability. The results show that the maximum mean RMSEs are 0.8 °C for temperature and 0.1 for salinity, and more than 90% of the analysis results are reliable under the statistical probability of 95%. Not only can GDCSM-Argo adequately preserve large-scale signals in the ocean but also retain more mesoscale features than other gridded Argo datasets. Preliminary applications also verify that GDCSM-Argo can systematically describe the spatio-temporal features of multiple elements in the global ocean, and is a useful tool in many areas of research.


Abstract Ocean Drilling Project Leg 165 sampled 38 m of the basaltic basement of the Caribbean Plate at Site 1001 on the Hess Escarpment. The recovered section consists of 12 basaltic flow units which yield a weighted mean Ar/Ar age of 80.9±0.9 Ma. The basalts (6.4–8.5 wt% MgO) are remarkably homogeneous in composition and are more depleted in incompatible trace elements than N-MORB. Depleted initial radiogenic isotope ratios (ϵNd +11.1 to +11.9; ϵHf +15.2 to +16.9; 87Sr/86Sr 0.7025–0.7028; 206Pb/204Pb 18.34–18.50; 207Pb/204Pb 15.42–15.51; 208Pb/204Pb 37.64–37.90) reveal a long-term history of depletion. Although the Site 1001 basalts are superficially similar to N-MORB, radiogenic isotopes in conjunction with incompatible trace element ratios show that the basalts have more similarity to the depleted basalts and komatiites of Gorgona Island. This chemical composition strongly implies that the Site 1001 basalts are derived from a mantle plume-depleted component and not from depleted ambient upper mantle. Therefore the Site 1001 basalts are, both compositionally and tectonically, a constituent part of the Caribbean oceanic plateau. Mantle melt modelling suggests that the Site 1001 lavas have a composition which is consistent with second-stage melting of compositionally heterogeneous mantle plume source material which had already been melted, most likely to form the 90 Ma basalts of the plateau. The prolonged residence (>10 Ma) of residual mantle plume source material below the region confirms computational model predictions and places significant constraints on tectonic models of Caribbean evolution in the Late Cretaceous.


72-year-old woman with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and tobacco use presented to hospital with a one-month history of progressive shortness of breath with dysphagia and a one day history of stridor requiring intubation for airway obstruction. Direct laryngoscopy revealed obstructive well-circumscribed glottic mass with supraglottic edema and a polypoid laryngeal mass. Biopsy of mass demonstrated only acute inflammation tissue with no tumor. She became febrile with blood and sputum cultures positive for group G Streptococcus and was started on antibiotic treatment. After one week of antimicrobial therapy, repeat laryngoscopy showed complete resolution of glottic mass leading to clinical diagnosis of bacterial epiglottitis due to group G Streptococcus. The patient was ultimately extubated with a full recovery.


One of the most fundamental challenges to the creation of on-chip, large-scale integrated optics has been to provide signal isolation and to suppress parasitic reflections between devices. In this context, there is a very strong interest in the miniaturization of non-reciprocal optical devices and their on-chip integration1). Due to the weakness of magneto-optical effects, conventional devices require a long propagation distance and occupy a large footprint. Thus, it should be very fruitful to explore the enhancement of magnetooptical effects in photonic crystals2), for the purpose of creating ultra-compact devices with enhanced functionalities. From a fundamental point of view, the key feature of non-reciprocal photonic crystals is the violation of time-reversal symmetry and reciprocity. As a result, the band structures3) and the transport properties of photons exhibit characteristics that are completely different from conventional reciprocal systems. Formulating the basic theoretical framework, and developing the mathematical techniques and simulation algorithms for such systems, are therefore of fundamental importance in order to understand this new class of photonic crystal structures. In this paper we review some of our recent works on both the analytic theory, and detailed numerical design of an ultra-compact optical isolator using cavities in two-dimensional magneto-optical photonic crystals4),5). Such a component is important for on-chip optical isolation. Using this example, we also seek to highlight some of the general aspects of modal properties in magneto-optical photonic crystal systems.


Abstract Recently, a humidity estimation technique was developed by using the turbulence echo characteristics detected with a wind-profiling radar. This study is concerned with improvement of the retrieval algorithm for delineating a humidity profile from the refractive index gradient (M) inferred from the echo power. To achieve a more precise estimate of humidity, a one-dimensional variational method is adopted. Because the radar data provide only the absolute value of M, its sign must be determined in the retrieval. A statistical probability for the sign of M [Pr(z)] is introduced to the cost function of the variational method to determine the optimum result with reduced calculation cost. GPS-derived integrated water vapor (IWV) was assimilated together with the radar-derived |M| for constraining the signs of |M| to agree with the radar-derived IWV and the GPS-derived IWV. Humidity profiles were retrieved from the Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) radar–Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) data for July...


The aim of this paper is twofold. One is to propose a general framework for examining the effect of fuzzy partitions on the performance of fuzzy rule-based systems. The other is to compare fuzzy partitions with interval partitions using the proposed framework through computer simulations on realworld pattern classification problems.


Soil erosion in rural agricultural communities in Mexico and low yields is the subject of the present work, places where production has stopped due to the low profitability and productivity generated by the loss of nutrients as a result of natural phenomena, as well as by the action of man. The objective is to identify the current condition of the soil and its impact on agricultural production, in order to suggest soil improvement and conservation techniques appropriate to regional characteristics, to raise the income level of producers in a rural community of Hidalgo, Mexico. The work is divided into three stages: the first consisted of identifying the predominant agricultural crops; the second, sampling to develop the soil analysis; the third, to evaluate economically the income that currently generates the agricultural activities that are practiced in the community and later to evaluate the changes that could be generated when applying measures of soil conservation; as well as the application of the methodology to identify the profitability and the products.


Last year marked a major milestone in the field of relativistic nuclear collisions. Lead beams were successfully accelerated at CERN SPS to an energy of about 160 GeV per nucleon in the projectile (i.e. to about 32 TeV total energy) and the first preliminary results of the analysis of Pb on Pb interactions are already available and discussed. Before going on to the discussion of these results, it would be helpful to stand back for a moment and try to recapitulate what we have learned from light {open_quotes}heavy{close_quotes} ion experiments at CERN SPS with oxygen and sulphur beams. In the first part of this overview we shall shortly summarize the results of the experimental program with {sup 16}O and {sup 32}S beams at CERN SPS. Next, we shall describe the concept of an event-by-event (e-b-e) analysis proposed for study of individual Pb+Pb collisions with several thousand identified hadrons in the final state. The main section of this paper will be focused on the results (very preliminary) of the analysis of the first run with the lead projectiles. To conclude, we will present plans for the future (as we understand them now).


Using the ultrasonic pulse method, the velocity of longitudinal waves in metallic beryllium has been measured from 300°K to 23°K, and transverse waves from 300°K to 3°K. The adiabatic moduli and compressibility have been computed from the velocities. A new technique for affixing the quartz transducer to the solid for ultrasonic measurements, in suitable solids, below 100°K, has been successfully employed for the measurements in beryllium.


Summary: Purpose: This study investigated the functional plasticity of the brain to reconstitute and compensate for verbal memory functions after epilepsy surgery of left temporocortical and temporomesial structures. We hypothesized that memory outcome would be best when surgery is performed within the period of cerebral plasticity, and that the outcome should be worst when fluid intelligence starts to decrease with physiologic aging. We also raised the question of different plasticity and compensation mechanisms for temporomesial and temporocortical memory functions.