In order to discuss the risk involved in purchasing products that cannot be tried when shopping online, this study investigated the difference in tactual sensations between fabrics and pictures, with a precondition that participants should not touch them. Sixteen participants were presented with 24 different textures (4 cm × 4 cm, 12 fabrics, 12 pictures) and were evaluated for tactual sensation. The result shows that two factors, "material sense" and "touch sense" could be extracted from the tactual sensation values. By interchanging the pictures and fabrics, much of the detailed information of the two factors was lost. The results also showed that fabric colors had psychological effects, which had a high possibility of giving a false impression to consumers. Therefore, if the psychological effect of colors giving a misleading impression is taken into considerations, it can be expected to mitigate the consumers' risk.


The present invention relates to a heat transfer unit (28) having a first inlet (29) and a first outlet (30) for a first medium to be cooled, which are each other by a first conductive path of the first medium (31) fluidic connector having a second inlet (32) and a second outlet (33) for a second medium to be heated, which (34) each fluidly connected to a second conductive path through the second medium, by having third inlet to the third medium to be heated (35) and a third outlet (36), which each fluidly connected to a third conductive path through the third medium (37), wherein the first path (31) to medium separation and heat transfer path coupled to a second (34) and the third path (37), wherein the heat transfer path coupled between the first (31) and a second path (34) with respect to the flow of the first medium It occurs between the first path (31) and the third path (37) upstream of the coupling heat transfer.


The effects of 5 pmols of adipokinetic hormone (Lom-AKH-I) on both the locomotion and mobilization of lipids were studied in 10-day-old diapausing adult females of the short-winged (brachypterous) morph of Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.). The results revealed that AKH stimulation of locomotion in this bug is wing-morph independent. The stimulatory effect of AKH on locomotion was shown to be positively correlated with its effect on lipid mobilization.


The object of this work îs to efficiently and effectively retneve pictorial documents, or images, from large archives of scientific data Two basic methods are presented brows¬ ing through a large number of images, and searchmg for similar images Browsing relies on small-size, symbohc représentations of the original images that can quickly be displayed They are called icons Searching for similar images implies the définition of attnbutes Thèse attnbutes descnbe spécifie image charactenstics, or mdexing fea¬ tures They are used by retrieval Systems to détermine the degree of similanty between images The création of both icons and indexing features requires the extraction of the information content in the form of meamngful graphical structures Unfortunately, existing extraction methods are meant for conventional photographie pictures (press photographs, muséum catalogues etc ) They can rarely apply to scientific images because their signal-to-noise ratio îs typically too low An new approach for the extraction of the image information would work as follows First, image pixels are represented as points in a 3-dimensional attnbute space Second, tins attnbute space îs partitioned mto (3-dimensional) régions that can hold only a spécifie number of data points Because of this limitation, the régions must take différent shapes and volumes to adapt to the variable density of data points m the attnbute space The différent shapes and volumes are the "carriers" of the image information content Finally, the information content îs clanfied by considenng the data density inside each région the average and the standard déviation of the data are used as center and extension, respectively, of a structure similar to a région, called a box This box îs ultimately used to represent the information content The set of boxes represents the full information content of an image However, for a spécifie application, only a fraction of this information îs relevant Therefore, a sélection procédure isolâtes the boxes that actually represent the "interesting" information This collection of boxes îs équivalent to the image icon, ît îs displayed by projectmg the boxes into the plane of the image The image icons can also help define indexing features descnbmg single characterîstics of the image content The set of mdexing features îs represented as a description vector Such a vector îs associated with each archived image The degree of similanty between two documents îs determined by Computing the distance, in a given metnc System, between their description vectors When considenng a spécifie document as


Concept design is a complex and iterative process in which design tasks are highly interdependent. Such process should reflect the specific design re-quirements, objectives and constraints applicable to the product. However, while design freedom is at its maximum in early design stage, product knowledge is only partially known initially and is changing over time. The aim of this work was the integration of methods to improve three areas belonging to the concept design stage. The first is the effective determination of requirements at the beginning of a project, given that all subsequent steps are dependent upon the completeness, ac-curacy and specificity of these requirements. Early requirements should be trans-lated effectively into technical characteristics. The second is the systematically generation of innovative concept features that should be able to solve design con-tradictions. The third is the support of the selection of the most feasible solutions based on multi-criteria decision making techniques, relying on tools such as con-cept evaluation in a virtual environment, and process simulation software.
We worked on six different case studies related to two very different subjects: fusion engineering and forest harvesting. The distance between the topics helped to prove the general efficacy of the methodological instruments considered in this work. The use of quality function deployment, as well as the axiomatic design approach, proved to be a viable systematic way to achieve solutions in complex design situations, limiting the risks arising from the lack of requirements. In this context, TRIZ provided the valuable contribution to overcome technical issues found in previous design phases. The simultaneous comparison of product alterna-tives in an immersive virtual reality environment, together with the use of the ana-lytic hierarchy process, has speeded up the concept review process. The use of stochastic models in discrete event simulations allowed comparing product con-cepts in terms of the impact on the process in which they need to be integrated.


A Ricker spawner-recruit model was developed for Atlantic menhaden,Brevoortia tyrannus, from data on the 1955-70 year classes. The number ofeggs produced by the spawning stock was calculated as the independent variable to account for changes in fecundity due to changes in population size and age structure. A survival index was developed from deviations around the Ricker curve and was regressed on several environmental parameters to determine their density-independent effects. The recruitenvironment model accounted for over 84% of the variation in the survival index. Zonal Ekman transport, which acts as a mechanism to transport larval menhaden from offshore spawning areas to inshore nursery grounds, was the most significant parameter tested. Ricker functions for good and poor environmental years were developed, indicating the wide range of recruitment that can be expected at different stock sizes. Comparisons of spawner-recruit relations for Pacific sardine and Atlantic menhaden indicated striking similarities. Surplus yield for the Atlantic menhaden fishery was calculated from observed and predicted survival, and compared with the actual performance ofthe fishery. One of the more intriguing and important problems in fishery science, that of the relative influence of spawning stock size and environmental variation on year-class strength, has resulted in a long-standing controversy among fishery biologists. The two principal reasons for investigating the effects of stock size and environmental change on year-class strength are, of course, to understand what has happened and to predict what will happen. Since environmental conditions will produce varying recruitment at a given stock size, one must determine both the reproductive potential under average environmental conditions, Le., the densitydependent spawner-recruit curve, and the effect of varying environmental conditions, or the density-independent function. The difficulty comes, as Clark and Marr (1955) point out, in separating the relative influences of the two functions. A prerequisite for such an attempt is a reliable long-term series of data, adequate to estimate the size of the spawning stocks, the number of recruits, the age structure of the populations, the patterns of environmental variation, and the rate at which the resource is being harvested. lMARMAP Contribution No. 88. "Atlantic Estuarine Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Center, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516. 3Atlantic Environmental Group, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Narragansett, RI 02882. Manuscript accepted June 1976. FISHERY BULLETIN: VOL. 75, NO. I, 1977. Biologists are in general agreement that the most critical survival period for many marine fishes is during the time of egg and larval drift. Major factors affecting survival during this period are food (Cushing 1969), cannibalism by filterfeeding parents (Radovich 1962; Murphy 1967), and ocean currents (Sette 1943). The first two of these factors are density dependent and tend to control population growth. Transport by ocean currents to or from areas favorable to survival is density independent and has been used to explain successful year classes of Atlantic mackerel by Sette (1943) and Atlantic haddock by Walford (1938). A relationship between winds and yearclass success for the East Anglian herring fishery was reported by Carruthers (1938). Cushing (1969) pointed out that "... correlations between recruitment and winds were often successful for a period of years, after which they failed catastrophically." Other density-independent factors, such as temperature, particularly in the sense of longterm climatic change, have been related to changes in spawning success and location. For example, a change in the environment of the Pacific sardine over a period of time which resulted in a change in normal distribution patterns and a series of poor year classes was postulated by Radovich (1962). Sissenwine (1974) documented a significant relationship between atmospheric temperature and the recruitment and equilibrium catch of yellowtail flounder, but did not explain


Darunavir/r (DRV/r) is currently used at a dose of 800/100 mg once daily (OD) in a high proportion of patients. Pharmacokinetic data suggest that 600/100 OD may be effective, reducing toxicity and cost. However, drug concentrations in reservoirs such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might not be adequate to inhibit viral replication. We aimed to evaluate concentrations of DRV and HIV‐1 viral load (VL) in CSF patients receiving DRV 600/100 mg OD.


Objective To investigate the clinical distribution,the prevalence of ESBLs and antibiotic resistance of Proteus mirabilis isolated during the year of 2011-2013, and provide some clues for clinical therapy of Proteus mirabilis(P.mirabilis). Methods The antibiotic susceptibility results of P. mirabilis which isolated from our hospital during January 2011 to December 2013 were collected and analyzed by using WHONET 5.4 statistical software. Results Most of the clinical isolatescame from urine and sputum specimens(39.90% and 11.40%); followed by pus(5.18%),blood(1.5%),and other types of specimen. In 2011-2013, the ESBLs test positive rates of P.mirabilis were 9.30%,22.97% and 28.95%,respectively. This shows a rising trend of ESBLs positive P.mirabilis year by year. P.mirabilis was more sensitive to the following antibiotics:Meropenem(0.0%),Imipenem(0.0%), Ticarcillin / Clavulanic acid(0.0%), Cefoperazone / Sulbactam(2.5%), Piperacillin / Tazobactam(5.0%), Cefoxitin(7.5%), Amikacin(15.0%). Conclusions The ESBLs positive rate is high in P.mirabilis clinical isolates. The antibiotic resistance situation is also serious for this bacterial strain. It is important to strengthen the separation,identification and antibiotic resistance testing of P.mirabilis, which would provide helpful information for P. mirabilis infection therapy.


The article deals with consciousness as an activity. Consciousness is always intentional. Activity is reduced to motivation. The primary motivation is to be human. In this regard, were built beautiful gardens, roads, lakes and planted forests. And the world sees this man. This is the action of the synergistic effect of consciousness. Everything turns into a real material world. However, its future is uncertain. Activity is reduced to a perfect plan.Proverbs suggest a form of organization of activities. Activities are focused on themselves. Everyone is busy with one's own business, property. Ethnic activity requires an analysis of the situation, polarization, and decision-making. Therefore, we appeal to the oral folk art. Conflict is a struggle in which one of the situations wins. Thus, the resolution of identified conflicts gives us a solution to the ethnic activities. Activity is presented as a way to Wuwei, as the smallest impact on the real material world.


Objective To investigate the knowledge and skills of indwelling peripheral venous catheters among new nurses and analyze its influencing factors, and provide a reference for the standardized training. Methods Two self-designed questionnaires, that is, The Questionnaire of Indwelling Peripheral Venous Catheters Knowledge and Evaluation of Key Points of Indwelling Peripheral Venous Catheters Skills were used to survey 423 new nurses. Results The standardized score of indwelling peripheral venous catheter skills of new nurses was 71.93±16.54, and the standardized score of knowledge was 42.11±20.68. The key factors that influence the skills included theory learning and practice in school, term of practice, and learning methods. Regarding to learning method, it was standardized course and clinic simulation training in urgent need while as to learning content, it was assessment knowledge, puncture and maintenance skills. Conclusion The knowledge and skills of indwelling peripheral venous catheter skills of new nurses remains in a mediate level. Standardized learning and training should be promoted to improve new nurses ' knowledge and skills of indwelling peripheral venous catheter.


The authors analyze the attacks on mobile devices that use the mechanism of an automatic configuration OMA/OTA, whose aim is listening to the Internet traffic of subscribers and the intrusion of malicious software on the user's device, and suggest ways to protect mobile phones against such attacks.


This paper re-examines the equity financing preference of Chinese public companies.Our study is different from previous ones in that we analyze systematically the effect of financial deficits on corporate debt policy.Our study leads to the following findings: First,if we take short-term debt into consideration and eliminate the IPO effect,the equity financing preference no longer exists: second,financial deficits play a more important role than traditional firm characteristics in debt ratio adjustment process,which implies that the pecking order theory can account for corporate financing behaviors to some extent: third,equity market conditions and government regulatory policies have some effect on the composition of firm external finance.Overall,our evidences suggest that the financing behaviors of Chinese companies aren't as special as previously thought,the mainstream theories of capital structure have substantial explanatory power for firms' debt policy.


The crystal structure of the title compound, [Li(C16H27N2Si)(C6H16N2)], contains the N—Si—N—Li four-membered heterocycle. The heterocycle contains a planar three-coordinated N-atom centre, a four-coordinated N-atom centre, a four-coordinate Li-atom centre and a four-coordinated Si-atom centre, and adopts a folded conformation. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit.


The claim that the reading and writing of poetry could play a formative role in the making of an English gentleman is not new, but previous studies have primarily considered the willed poetic self-fashioning of adult men. In this article, I consider a body of verse composed by two young boys between the ages of about nine and fourteen, in order to show how the practice of poetry made them into poets, and thereby made them ready to be men. William Paget (1572–1629, fifth Baron Paget) and George Berkeley (1601–58, eighth Baron Berkeley) left behind them a unique witness to children's engagement with the complex and self-conscious literary culture of the English Renaissance. The previous scholars who have written about the boys' poems, Stephen May and L. G. Black, have inferred that their verse was composed under the direction of tutor and domestic intellectual Henry Stanford, in whose manuscript miscellany, Cambridge University Library MS Dd.5.75, their poetry is preserved, and who was a member of both the households in which the boys grew up. I follow them in this assumption, examining the likely nature of the


The present invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery, specifically discloses a process for preparing aqueous coatings for flexible positive electrode sheet, also shows the use of the preparation of aqueous coating flexible positive electrode sheet, and the use of the lithium ion battery positive electrode sheet. For the preparation of an aqueous coating flexible positive electrode sheet consists essentially of the following components in weight percent composition of: 90 to 98% of the positive electrode powder, 0.5 to 3% of an aqueous dispersant, 1 to 5% of an aqueous binder thermoelastic , 0.5 to 8% of a conductive agent. According to the present invention an aqueous flexibility flexible positive electrode sheet The positive electrode sheet prepared by coating a good, overcomes the major flaw aqueous brittle positive electrode tab, and the positive electrode sheet obtained strong adhesion, can meet a variety of production processes in the cell, and to meet the various requirements of electrochemical performance.


Abstract : A matched filter approach for distinguishing weak teleseismic surface wave signals from background noise is presented. The method discriminates against events not located in a particular source region of interest and provides estimates of magnitude and radiation pattern, when a number of recording stations are available. Test cases and typical results for different source regions are discussed.


Purpose
Savings help to provide for future personal and households needs. The purpose of this paper examined Tanzanians' determinants of saving. It studied the relationship between individual characteristics (gender, marital status, age, education level and financial education) and saving behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used 2017 national baseline survey data with 8,959 observations from all over Tanzania. Descriptive analysis and econometric models were used to test the developed hypotheses.

Findings
Descriptive results show that Tanzanians mainly associate saving with setting money aside to keep it safe for future use. The results also show that most Tanzanians keep their money at home – a very informal way of saving. The results indicate that age and education level are key characteristics that determine positive saving by Tanzanians.

Research limitations/implications
This study used FinScope survey data which was limited to Tanzania. Since FinScope surveys are done in other African countries, using similar methodologies, it would be interesting to investigate similar trends in other contexts.

Practical implications
The study recommends promoting awareness of saving in formal institutions. This will benefit not only customers but the financial institutions and mobile telecom companies themselves.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the life-cycle theory by showing how families, societies and exposures influence individuals to save. Gender and marital status seem to play a lesser role than social- and exposure-related aspects of age and education. Exposure and social interactions are key determinants in the attitude to saving.


(1) Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (firstname.lastname@example.com), (2) Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy, (3) Department of Earth, Environment and Resources Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy, (4) Geological, Seismic and Soil Division, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy, (5) Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy


The article introduces how to optimize the design,make the wet process of flue gas desulfurization system(referred to as FGD) stable and reliable operation in the wet process of flue gas desulfurization project at the extreme cold regions in North China.


We propose a scheme to generate a superposition of coherent states with arbitrary coefficients on a line in phase space for the center-of-mass vibrational mode of ions by means of isolating all other spectator vibrational modes from the center-of-mass mode. It can be viewed as the generalization of previous methods for preparing motional states of one ion. For a large number of ions, only one cyclic operation enables one to generate such a superposition of many coherent states.


In India sindoor is an important cosmetic item for married women, worship and other purposes. Prolonged use of synthetic dye-based sindoors has shown symptoms of hair loss, graying of hair, edema, erythema and even skin cancer. In view of above scenario, a process technology has been developed to produce an alternative, safe, non-toxic, eco-friendly natural dye-based sindoor. The process is novel as pharmaceutical/food grade natural ingredients are used as bulking/filler materials and no salt of any heavy metals are used. The process provides an opportunity for the preparation of different shades of sindoor like orange, red, dark red, mehroon, etc., using different dyes and their blends. As per results of Double Blind Clinical testing, the red and mehroon coloured herbal sindoor is quite safe for skin application having no adverse effect on skin. The orange coloured herbal sindoor is quite suitable for worship and other purposes. It provides an option to replace synthetic dye-based sindoor.


The ultimate goal of cancer treatment is to achieve a complete eradication of the cancer. However, patients with terminal cancer are also treated to obtain an improvement in their quality of life (QOL). In this report, we describe the dramatic response of an end-stage pancreatic cancer patient with cachexia to a combination of hyperthermia (HT) and chemotherapy (CH). The patient was treated with a combination of intermittent 5-FU/cisplatin (CDDP) therapy and HT. Three months later, the local recurrent cancer had disappeared, the liver metastases were reduced by 80%, the lung metastatic lesion was markedly reduced, tumor markers had returned to normal, and the cachexia had been almost reversed. Performance status (PS) improved from 4 to 1, QOL improved, and the patient survived until his 258th hospital day. In this patient, the combination of CH and HT was useful not only for improvement of cachexia, but also for tumor reduction. A possible mechanism leading to this effect is discussed.


Mandarin is a group name for a class of oranges with thin, loose peel which falls under members of a distinct species Citrus reticulata Blanco. Khasi mandarin in particular, is an important horticulture fruit crop in the NorthEastern (NE) parts of India. Meghalaya is the major state in the NE India for both area and production of Khasi mandarin (Singh, 2001). It is vastly cultivated in the outskirt and border areas of the state with an estimated area for its cultivation over 10,000 hectares and production of about 50,000 metric tonne (MT) annually. In India, the total area under cultivation for mandarin is 3.11 lakh hectare with the production of 29.06 lakh tons (Anonymous, 2013). However, Khasi mandarin constitutes about 43.6% of the total citrus fruits produced and occupies nearly 38.2% of the total citrus area in India (Anonymous, 2011).


Since f is continuous, this is a collection of open subsets of X. Moreover, for any x ∈ X, we know that f(x) ∈ U for some U ∈ U, so x ∈ f−1(U), so this is actually an open cover of X. Since X is compact, it has a finite subcover {f(U1), . . . , f(Un)}. Then U′ := {U1, . . . , Un} is a finite subset of U whose union still covers f(X). Indeed, given any y ∈ f(X), there exists some x ∈ X such that f(x) = y, and then x ∈ f(Ui) for some i = 1, . . . , n, which means that y = f(x) ∈ Ui.


According to the invention, of general formula (I) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2, R and R each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl or phenyl, R, R and R each independently represent a hydrogen atom or from mercaptomethyl, 2-mercaptoethyl and 3-mercaptopropyl mercapto groups.) mercapto alkyl glycoluril shown. Further, according to the present invention, there is provided comprising an epoxy resin and the above-mentioned formula (I) in the epoxy resin composition shown mercaptoalkyl glycoluril using a laminate of the epoxy resin composition, a multilayer printed circuit the method of manufacturing a plate.


Objective:To further study the chemical constituents of Rumex nepalensis.Methods:Chemical components of Rumex nepalensis is extracted and puried by conventional silica gel,MCI gel CHP 20P chromatography,preparation TLC.According to physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis,identified five compounds.Results:Five compounds were identified as orcinol glucoside,clicoemodin,rumexoside C,chrysophaneine and aloesin respectively.Conclusion:Five compounds are all glycosides in Rumex nepalensis and the contents of clicoemodin,rumexoside C and chrysophaneine are relatively higher.


This study aimed to determine the indicators which directly affect the adequacy of capital of the Saudi banks that listed in The Saudi Stock Exchange market for the period 2007–2011. It was found in this study that, there is a positive correlation relationships among the dependent variable measured by capital adequacy, and liquidity risk, interest risk and return on assets as independent variable. In addition, there is a negative correlation relationships among the dependent variable measured by capital adequacy, and credit risk, capital risk, return on equity and earning power as independent variables. SPSS was applied in this study to find out the results of analysis. The findings of this study can be a source of help to bankers to help them improve their financial performance and academicians to carry more studies in the same field.


abstract:A significant amount of historical musical repertoire primarily from the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries exists in collections of the Moravian Church. This is a resource for extended knowledge of music aesthetics' of the Moravian Church, as well as for historical music in a wider perspective. This article focuses on musical performance practices and proposes a theoretical framework that can promote a performance taking into account significant aspects of the social context. Key concepts include emotion for feelings per se, emotional community for a collective where participants developed and shared a matrix for emotions and emotive as an operational concept in the work process of the musical performance. The concepts are motivated by the emphasis on the affective dimension in the spirituality. Finally, a suite of three duets with instrumental accompaniment by Christian Gregor serves as an example of application of emotive in the process of preparing a musical performance.


Case Report: A 13-year old male presented to a dental office for evaluation of prognathism. After evaluation, his dentist referred him to pediatric endocrinology. No significant past medical history. He denied any signs or symptoms associated with any hormonal deficit or excess, as well as headaches or visual disturbances. Denied excessive growth of hands or feet. Parents reported appearance of pubic and axillary hair, mild acne, and significant growth over the last few years. On exam, he was found to be above the 95th centile for height (mid-parental height around the 20th centile). Genitalia and pubic hair were both were Tanner stage IV. Previous growth records revealed a growth acceleration, starting at around 8 years of age, and that he had crossed height percentiles from the 75th to above the 95th from age 8 to age 11 years old. Bone age was read at 17 years, at a chronological age of 13 years (>3SD above the mean). Hormonal evaluation revealed growth hormone (GH) levels of 7.3 ng/mL (0-5.0) and IGF-1 levels of 725 ng/mL (upper limit of normal for his Tanner stage). Thyroid function tests, morning cortisol and prolactin were normal. FSH, LH and testosterone were late pubertal. . . GH suppression test was abnormal, and confirmed the suspected diagnosis of GH excess.


The optimal operation of an exhaust heat recovery system in a gas engine cogeneration is investigated in consideration of the influence of chilled and cooling water temperatures on the performance characteristics of exhaust heat and gas fired absorption refrigerators. First, a simulation calculation is carried out to evaluate the performance characteristics of absorption refrigerators. Second, an optimization calculation based on the mixed-integer linear programming is carried out to determine the on/off status of operation and energy flow rates of equipment. In a case study, it is clarified how the strategies for controlling the load of the gas fired absorption refrigerator affect the optimal operation and running cost of the system, and how the optimal operation is advantageous as compared with a conventional one.


Samples of microarthropods from artichoke leaves, flower heads, and soil debris were taken from fields where growing conditions were similar except for insecticide treatment; fields were treated in Castroville and untreated in Carmel Valley, Calif. Methyl parathion and methidathion were applied every 2 wk for the control of the artichoke plume moth, Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley), the major pest of artichoke. Pesticide-treated fields had eight fewer predatory and phytophagous microarthropod species. Anystis sp. Was absent; numbers of Parasitus bituberosus Karg and Pergamasus quisquiliarum Canestrini were reduced in treated fields. These mites are important predators of artichoke pests including first-and second-instar artichoke plume moth, thrips, aphids, and mites. A secondary outbreak of Tetranychus urticae Koch was observed in methyl parathion-treated fields. These factors should be considered in an IPM program for artichoke.


Definition of target areas and target levels is an essential aspect of training planning. This definition is followed by the planning of training programmes with the aid of which the programme participants will be enabled to accomplish their training targets, which should be derived from the training needs. However, it has been found both difficult and laborious to arrive at a definition of qualitative training needs. The information yielded by survey‐type questionnaire studies does not usually correspond to the amount of work and expense they require. They do not provide an adequate basis for defining the target areas and target levels. These experiences formed the point of departure for the development of the methods set forth here.


Population explosion, industrial development and urbanization are closely interknitted and as such forms a global phenomenon.India, being a third world country has been undergoing through this process in a significant way. The Class-I cities and the Metropolitan cities in particular are under rapid urbanization process. Therefore, these centers are experiencing tremendous pressure on resources and urban infrastructure. In Indian Urban system, the interplay of heterogeneous socio-economic groups, infrastructure system components and resources constraints are subjected to urbanization ambivalence. In this process, urban housing sector has been worst affected with clear cleavage between supply and demand, resulting in huge housing shortage. Therefore, the urgency to reduce the gap between housing requirement and supply can not be underscored. The Indian metropolitan under study is an evolved city. It has recorded highest growth rate in the region as well as state. It has experienced one of the fastest growth rates even at the national level. With the rapid growth the city boundaries are increased. For the sake of administration the area under study is divided in seven zones, but for the purpose of technical study the metropolitan area is divided into twenty various study zones. The delineation was based on population distribution and aerial features. Zonal housing growth potential can be defined as ability of a zone to attract the house demanding population to satisfy their actual demand in the varying affordable manner. The housing Growth Potential varies from zone to zone. It is a complex phenomenon and depends upon various varying parameters. On the basis of various pilot housing studies and correlation findings few major factors were found highly influencing.Therefore, the parameters involved are pertaining to land, where the land value plays the major role. Secondly road features like accessibility and road area network are significant. Thirdly the utility services provided to the people are also important. Apart from this, the ongoing Housing activities and the population density are also playing the major role. The Urban area is dynamic in nature. The urban zones have built in potential to attract the people and thus influence the entire city also. Very surprisingly it can be stated that the zonal potential for housing growth varies with time and policies of the planners. It is a unique exhibition of manmade and natural interplay. 1 Asst. Professor, Civil Engineering Dept., S.V. National Institute of Tech., Surat, India Phones +91 261 222337174, + 91 9427148108, email@example.com 2 Professor Emeritus, Civil Engineering Dept., S.V. National Institute of Tech., Surat, India. Phone + 91261 2211967 June 14-16, 2006 Montreal, Canada Joint International Conference on Computing and Decision Making in Civil and Building Engineering


The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of student nurses and teachers concerning the integration of health promotion concepts in teaching of nursing subjects both theory and practicum subjects. The study utilized mixed method research design using focus group interview and questionnaire. A total of 475 student nurses and 28 teachers (academic year of 2009) participated in the study. The findings showed that the model of integration of health promotion in teaching of nursing subjects included incorporating health promotion in school philosophy, addressing health promotion in curriculum objectives, specifying health promotion in course description, and integrating health promotion in teaching and learning of nursing subjects by teachers. The teaching and learning process supporting the integration of health promotion knowledge are crucial to the development of health promotion competency of student nurses.


The inclusive reaction ..pi../sup -/p..--> pi../sup 0/+X was investigated at 5 GeV with a statistics of approx. =1000 ..pi../sup 0/ mesons. The average inclusive characteristics of the ..pi../sup 0/ mesons were obtained. It is established that the ..pi../sup 0/ mesons are produced mainly in the beam-fragmentation region and in the central region. A similarity is observed between the distributions in p/sub perpendicular// and p*/sub parallel// for ..pi../sup 0/ mesons in the investigated reaction at 5 GeV, on the one hand, and for ..pi../sup -/ mesons from pp interactions in the energy interval 13--300 GeV.


This paper presents a power amplifier module that was designed for a wireless multisensor system. The PA module produces variable output power from 10 dBm to 20 dBm at 900 MHz. The module is composed of a power amplifier (PA) circuit and a power control circuit. A prototype circuit has been designed, fabricated and tested in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The measured power efficiency of the PA circuit is over 35% for all power levels and the conversion efficiency of the power control circuit is over 85%. The overall power efficiency of the PA module is over 31% for all outputs.


Nowadays,problems about agriculture,rural area and peasants have been the imperatively ones on the way to new situations of the socialism with Chinese characteristics.To build new socialist countryside has been proposed at the fifth plenary session of the sixteenth conference of CPC.This will for sure promote prompt solutions to problems about agriculture,rural area and peasants.To realize the strategic aim,talent is the key point.With the advantages on concept,knowledge and technique,having objective conditions of utilizing the advantages in rural area,university graduates' being guided to go down to grass-roots unit is an important solution to building new socialist countryside.The rural area should pay more attention to bringing in university graduates and how to keep them there.


Areca nut and products made from the nut, evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans since 2004, are being increasingly used in India and South East Asia and exported to many countries. There is thus an urgent need to identify best control policies and research gaps. On 1 February 2018, a group of experts shared their latest knowledge and perspectives on areca nut at Healis-Seksaria Institute for Public Health in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. By itself, areca nut has been implicated in oral and oesophageal cancer. Areca nut users are also at high risk of oral submucous fibrosis, a debilitating and potentially malignant condition. Users may also suffer adverse health outcomes due to smokeless tobacco, commonly mixed with areca nut. The use of areca nut commonly begins in childhood and often proceeds to use with tobacco. Gutka, a widely consumed, industrially made areca nut product containing tobacco, has been banned in all states and union territories of India, but it is still widely available. Areca nuts contain arecoline, an alkaloid that stimulates various brain receptors, promoting physical dependence. Areca nut alkaloids have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. Other chemicals, introduced during cultivation and processing of areca nuts, contribute to oral submucous fibrosis and cancer. The wide variety of products, different storage conditions and lack of regulation can lead to significant variation in the content of toxicants, carcinogens and alkaloids, making the psychological and physical dependence issues even more challenging. Regulation of product contents is needed as a part of control measures to supplement product bans.


Image enhancement is, in fact, one of the most commonly used operations in image processing applications. Several methods, including transform domain based methods, have been proposed in the literature for this purpose. In this paper we propose a new algorithm for color image enhancement using a nonlinear mapping based on the truncated matrix exponential series in RGB color space and transform domains.  For the transform domain enhancement operation, two dimensional transform of the given image is taken and the transformation coefficients are nonlinearly mapped using the truncated matrix exponential series formula. The resulting image is then inverse transformed to obtain the enhanced image. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm for different transforms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete sine transform (DST), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are also presented. The results show an improvement in the visual appearance of the images for each transform, but the color domain, DWT and DCT gives better results as compared to others transforms for  images considered here in the paper. The results of non-linear mapping in RGB color space are also comparable to the results of DCT and DWT. The quantitative evaluations of the performance of different simulation results using different performance measures are also presented


Ultrasonic metal welding for battery tabs must be performed with 100% reliability in battery pack manufacturing as the failure of a single weld essentially results in a battery that is inoperative or cannot deliver the required power due to the electrical short caused by the failed weld. In ultrasonic metal welding processes, high-frequency ultrasonic energy is used to generate an oscillating shear force (sonotrode force) at the interface between a sonotrode and few metal sheets to produce solid-state bonds between the sheets clamped under a normal force. These forces, which influence the power needed to produce the weld and the weld quality, strongly depend on the mechanical and structural properties of the weld parts and fixtures in addition to various welding process parameters such as weld frequencies and amplitudes. In this work, the effect of structural vibration of the battery tab on the required sonotrode force during ultrasonic welding is studied by applying a longitudinal vibration model for the battery tab. It is found that the sonotrode force is greatly influenced by the kinetic properties, quantified by the equivalent mass and equivalent stiffness, of the battery tab and cell pouch interface. This study provides a fundamental understanding of battery tab dynamics during ultrasonic welding and its effects on weld quality, and thus provides useful guidelines for design and welding of battery tabs from tab dynamics point of view.Copyright © 2013 by ASME and General Motors


Due to the complexity of hybrid applications, unique challenges are imposed on the wire bonding process. Among the most critical process issues are a) process stability, robustness and ease of programming for different size and height devices, b) bonding challenges for thin-film and thick film and c) high yield requirements. This paper will address these three leading challenges and present solutions for wire bonding hybrid applications. To solve the process challenges presented by multiple die configurations in the same package, smart wire bond programming and looping software are developed, adapting the bonding process to variations in die size and height, die placement shift, and different wire loop height requirements for multi-tier looping. A reliable stitch bonding (2 nd bond) on hybrid applications is critical and sometimes difficult because of the variation in the thin-film or thick film plating. Alternative 2 nd bond solutions are developed to address this issue. The solutions include options of a stand-off stitch 2 nd bond (a bump is placed underneath the 2 nd bond surface) or a security bond (a bond is placed on top of the 2 nd bond). Both of these processes can improve the 2 nd bond reliability. A real time bond quality measurement circuit is necessary to improve yield and prevent device loss. For the leading wire bonders that handles IC device bonding (usually single chip), a DC continuity detection circuit can be used to check bond quality real time for lead frame or BGA type devices. This same circuit is not applicable on hybrid devices due to the lack of a ground path on the ceramic substrate. A capacitance based bond quality checking system is implemented to improve the yield of hybrid bonding.


The Equality Act 2010 was intended to extend its cover to perceived discrimination, such as dismissing a turbaned Sikh barista under pressure from customers mistaking him for a Muslim. Such mistakes are rooted in stereotyping, fear and prejudice. Disability discrimination is particularly prone to these attitudes, but the Act's inadequate drafting renders perceived disability discrimination claims exceptionally difficult. This paper suggests some innovative interpretive solutions, but ultimately recommends statutory reform.


(MNEs) to expand their operations to reach new markets across the globe. However, one drawback of globalization is that MNEs can easily shift their profits to lower-tax countries. Profit shifting is a practice in which MNEs move their profits from high-tax countries to low-tax countries to lower their overall tax burden. One of the most common forms of this practice is the transfer of intellectual property (IP), including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. It's a popular option for MNEs looking to reduce their tax burdens, as IP is transferred across borders easily without a need for significant capital investment or even a physical presence. Several notable papers, including 2022 studies by Torslov, Wier, and Zucman and by Guvenen, Mataloni, Rassier, and Ruhl, have argued that the movement of IP is the main channel for profit shifting. However, empirical evidence on the prevalence of this practice has been scarce. This essay uses IP transactions data from the platform ktMINE to compute the amount of patent transfers flowing from the US to two groups of countries: tax havens and non-tax havens.1 Global Profit Shifting through Intellectual Property and the Impact of US Tax Reforms


This chapter subjects two of the keywords of the post-colonial lexicon, colonialism and modernity, to a close reading. Colonialism is more crucially the attempted erasure or submergence of a whole host of lifeworlds and 'unbroken traditions' that flourished in those regions until the arrival of modern Europe. Colonialism is the colonisation of the lifeworlds of the various non-European people who came under European domination. When it enters the post-colonial lexicon, it quickly acquires connotations of exoticism, untranscendable otherness, and the like, which immediately links it with a long-standing tradition of Orientalism. At the critique-of-metanarrative level, the colonial relationship between the coloniser and the colonised that is the lynchpin of post-colonialism becomes a redundancy. Post-colonial studies quietly adopt, or more likely adapt, some of the ideas of colonial anthropology, whereby pre-colonial societies have a non-exploitative, non-contradictory hierarchy until modernity comes along.Keywords: colonialism; metanarrative; Modernity; post-colonialism


In this present paper we characterize the agent, represented in the concept of the "institution of human rights", apart from the conflict relation discussed in an earlier paper, with its dysfunction relation. Similarly to conflict, dysfunctionality is also considered as a logical property. Our aim is to demonstrate which strategies defined by exact mathematical-logical tools can be used to handle situations in the sphere of human rights when the operation and actuation is carried out in the midst of hindrances and disturbing factors. According to our answer: with the adaptive strategic tools of public administration. This is demonstrated through in silico experiments.


In this paper, a number of models which have been developed for studying fluid-electrolyte equilibrium and imbalance is presented. Two levels of dynamics and control are considered corresponding to the physiological processes and the incorporation of such processes within the clinical dynamics of patient care. The large-scale simulations presented are used mainly for hypothesis testing or giving insight into the complex physiological dynamics, whereas the clinical models, which are smaller, are used for parameter estimation and predicting the evolving patient state. Computer simulation is central to these model developments in generating time responses for model identification, validation, and prediction. The paper examines the possible clinical application of the various models in the management of fluid-electrolyte disorders and indicates that features of each of them, integrated into a single implementation, could provide a system of practical clinical value.


Abstract In recent years, Morus sp. (mulberry) has acquired a special importance due to its phytochemical composition and its beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and immuno-modulatory effects. The various parts of Morus sp., such as its fruits, leaves, twigs, and roots, are recognized as abundant sources of secondary metabolites, with the leaves containing significant amounts of glycosylated flavonols like quercetin and kaempferol, along with chlorogenic acid as the primary phenolic compound. Overall, it can be considered a multi utility plant and can be exploited as an alternative therapy in various ailments. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is the key enzyme for high serum urate levels which is the main cause of developing gout. Under the urate lowering therapy, allopurinol and febuxostat are the main XO inhibitors used to treat gout. However, mild to severe side effects of these synthetic XO inhibitors lead to finding an effective natural alternative without having any side effects. The present study was designed to find out phytochemical analysis and antigout properties of leaves of white mulberry plant. The phytochemical analysis was performed on quantitative and qualitative basis. The qualitative basis indicated the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and Anthraquinone. Biochemical regulation of extracts on anti-gout property using XO inhibition study. Microbial XO was isolated from the Bacillus pumilus to study the anti-gout effects of plant extracts qualitatively on xanthine – NBT plate. Additionally, image analysis studies revealed more clear aspects toward the inhibition studies by plant extracts. The XO activity observed varied from 2.89 to 13.80 μM of uric acid formed/min/ml of enzyme used. Ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves (EEML) showed higher XO inhibition than allopurinol. This is associated with its total polyphenol content, which ranged from 81.25 to 103.12 mg GAE/g of dried extract used, as reported in the case of EEML. The present study is the very first report of relating polyphenol content of EEML with the anti-gout property. EEML is a potential candidate for anti-gout property due to the presence of higher amounts of total polyphenol content and B. pumilus is the best source to extract microbial XO.


We consider Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that undergo frequent uncontrollable topological changes over time due to changes in node states. Examples of such WSNs include networks that utilize energy replenishment methods, networks where a node's communication or sensing capabilities vary over time, and Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) with free mobile floats. Quantifying the likelihood that a network of this type succeeds in performing a given task requires the adoption of a suitable mathematical model coupled with the development of a suitable performance evaluation algorithm. Our work here serves the above goal for networks where each node can be in any one of a possible set of states, each node has a weight, the topology of the network varies over time, and we want to find the likelihood that the network is in a state with a connected component whose total weight is at least a given threshold value.


This paper presents to study the strength of hardened concrete by software analysis
and made comparison with the experimental result. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and
Fuzzy logic is one of the popular testing method used in recent days. The paper focuses on
determination of strength of grade (M40) concrete of different mixes in which ordinary
portland cement is replaced by Nano silica, Nano calcium carbonate and Nano calcium
hydroxide of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% using Artificial neural network and fuzzy. Artificial Neural
Network Model and fuzzy model is constructed and the compressive strength of concrete is
predicted by considering specific concrete properties as input variables. Experimental data
result of these mixes were obtained by testing and is compared with software result. The result
shows that ANN and fuzzy are suitable model and have high potential to predict compressive
strength and predicts good result when compared to experimental result


The invention discloses an automatic scenic spot route planning method based on multi-objective optimization. According to the method, scenic spots can be endowed with different weights by combining with scores according to different user requirements, and a scenic spot touring route is planned by adopting a corresponding algorithm, so that the optimal touring route of users is obtained. When the user time is abundant, a touring route with the lowest time consumption is planned according to the scenic spots selected to visit by the users; and when the user time is insufficient, routes with the most touring scenic spots in the limited time or with the highest scenic spot scores are given to be selected by the users according to the limited time of the users. The functions of automatic scenic spot identification, scenic spot selection, mid-way inserted scenic spot re-planning and the like are supported. The method disclosed by the invention is high in adaptive ability and reliability, and the requirements of visitors can be met to the greatest degree.


This chapter explores the English military books and manuals that included instructions for exercising the cavalry by examining the chasm that existed between the theory and practice of mounted warfare in the years leading up to the Civil War. It begins with a brief survey of the late Elizabethan military theories on cavalry warfare and an assessment of the horsemanship treatises written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, but only in so far as the latter texts related to the preparation of horse and rider for the rigours of the battlefield. The chapter examines the small number of early Stuart works, including those of John Bingham, Francis and Gervase Markham, and Robert Ward, that addressed mounted warfare and called for the reform of the cavalry troops of the trained bands.Keywords: Civil War; English military books; Gervase Markham; horsemanship treatises; John Bingham; late Elizabethan military theories; mounted warfare


Thirty-two middle school students in grade two were observed in the study.2×2×2 mixed design with the Tobbi120 eye tracker was used to analyze the influence of the difficulty and redundancy and score in strategies of discriminating information(SDI).The results showed that different students could arrange the discriminating processes in different ways while solving problems.Lower achieving students appear to adjust their discrimination strategies in accordance with redundancy information when problem is easy,but do not make such adjustments when problem is difficult;whereas higher achieving students adjust their discrimination strategies in accordance with redundancy information and problem difficulty.


Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing enamel demineralization lesions adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Methods: Brackets were bonded to 60 extracted human premolars with traditional composite resin and resin modified glass ionomer cement (Both without fluoride) and 15 teeth were randomly assigned to four equal test groups. Demineralization of enamel was evaluated in longitudinal buccolingual tooth sections using polarized light microscopy. Results: ANOVA (P < 0.05) indicated significant differences in depth and area of demineralized enamel in all the groups. Those teeth treated with fluoride varnish exhibited 50% less demineralization than the control teeth in both the composite and the resin modified glass ionomer cement groups. Conclusion: Fluoride varnishes should be considered for use as a preventive adjunct to reduce enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets, particularly in patients who exhibit poor compliance with oral hygiene and home fluoride use.


Mouse memory T cell precursors express IL‐7 receptor‐α (IL‐7R), proliferate with homeostatic cytokines and undergo secondary expansions with antigen. Here, we analyzed how the strength of antigenic stimulation regulates IL‐7R expression, cytokine responsiveness and expansion potential of DC‐primed human CD4+ T cells. IL‐7R expression on proliferating T cells was highest at intermediate strength of stimulation, and purified CCR7+IL‐7Rhi and CCR7–IL‐7Rlo subsets had characteristics of memory and effector cells, respectively. However, CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells generated under different priming conditions had strikingly different properties. Thus, increasing strength of stimulation promoted IL‐7 responsiveness that correlated with reduced phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression and enhanced s6 kinase activation, suggesting a tunable IL‐7R coupling to PI3 kinase‐dependent signaling pathways. Furthermore, functional and gene expression analysis revealed that intermediate‐stimulated CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells were similar to non‐polarized central memory cells with high expansion potential. Conversely, high‐stimulated CCR7+IL‐7Rhi cells shared characteristics with circulating pre‐Th1 cells and differentiated spontaneously to Th1 effector cells. These results show that the strength of stimulation determines properties of activated IL‐7Rhi T cells, and suggest that memory T cell subsets could be derived from CCR7+ precursors that received different strengths of stimulation.


Tomato juice,wine yeast(Angel brand) and sucrose were taken the main materials to develop a wine.The fermentation technology was optimized by orthogonal test design based on single factor test.Under the optimized conditions of main fermentation temperature of 24 ℃,inoculation quantity of wine yeast of 0.2 g/L,and initial sugar content of 28%,the highest alcohol degree was achieved.When the above parameters were 22 ℃,0.4 g/L and 24%,respectively,the sensory evaluation score of wine product obtained was the highest.The wine product had not only high nutritive value and elegant flavor,but also health function.


diosage, and included insomnia, headache, giddiness, and palpitation. It may well be, in view of our results, that such untoward effects are evidence of some vitamin deficiency induced by the large excess of the single vitamin. Little is known as yet regarding human requirements of pyridoxine, but some results recorded by Spies, Bean, and Ashe (1939) are of Interest. They found that 4 patients who had been treated successfully for pellagra and beriberi, but who remained on their deficient diets, complained of such symptoms as extreme nervousness, insomnia, irritability, abdominal pain, weakness, and difficulty in walking. All the symptoms disappeared within 24 hours of an injection of 50 mg. of pyridoxine. Later, Spies, Ladisch, and Bean (1940), studying the urinary excretion of B, in human subjects, found indications of B, deficiency in patients suffering from other clinical deficiency diseases. It is thus evident that pyridoxine deficiency can arise in man under certain circumstances. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in the treatment of pellagrins with nicotinic acid it is essential to provide other members of the B complex and to prescribe a liberal and wellbalanced diet. Our experiments would suggest the necessity for adopting a simil'ar procedure for other B factors, and in particular, when B, therapy is indicated, for supplying the whole B complex instead of the single vitamin. It was suggested in the previous paper (Richards, 1943) tlhat the improvements effected iiR a poor human diet by means of such simple supplements as inorganic calcium, milk, and dried yeast provided a useful pointer for the post-war feeding of the starved populations in Europe. The present results emphasize the need for caution in any attempt to improve the diet of these populations by indiscriminate addition of large supplements of single synthetic I vitamins.


Recent work has highlighted the importance of the constraint based mining paradigm in the context of frequent itemsets, associations, correlations, sequential patterns, and many other interesting patterns in large databases. The authors study constraints which cannot be handled with existing theory and techniques. For example, avg(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/, median(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/, sum(S) /spl theta/ /spl nu/ (S can contain items of arbitrary values) (/spl theta//spl isin/{/spl ges/, /spl les/}), are customarily regarded as "tough" constraints in that they cannot be pushed inside an algorithm such as a priori. We develop a notion of convertible constraints and systematically analyze, classify, and characterize this class. We also develop techniques which enable them to be readily pushed deep inside the recently developed FP-growth algorithm for frequent itemset mining. Results from our detailed experiments show the effectiveness of the techniques developed.


Summary. The relationship between the major chemical constituents and somatic cell count (SCC) in sows colostrum and milk and the rearing results of piglets was analyzed. The studies involved 20 crossbred Polish Large White (PLW)  Polish Landrace (PL) sows in the second and third reproduction cycles. The chosen reproductive performance traits were plotted against the level of each chemical composition component and the SCC of colostrum (1 lactation day) and milk (7 lactation day). The chemical composition of sows colostrum and milk as well as the SCC estimates proved to be significantly modified by the lactation stage and season. It was also found that a higher share of the major components of sows colostrum and milk with the lower SCC favored the higher litter size and piglet usability for rearing expressed as body weight and daily weight gains.


The breeding of rapidly-feathering pure line and slowly-feathering pure line of Anyi tile-like gray chicken was carried out.The autosexing accurate rate of the progenies from the hybrid combinations of the two pure lines reached 94.96%.The influences of feathering speed gene on the egg production performance,egg quality,growth speed at early stage,traits of body size and slaughter properties of Anyi tile-like gray chicken were explored.The results showed that the average body weight of 5 ~ 6 week-old slowly-feathering chickens was significantly larger than that of rapidly-feathering chickens at the same age.The head weight of rapidly-feathering cocks was extremely significantly higher than that of slowly-feathering cocks.The semi-eviscerated weight and foot weight of slowly-feathering hens were significantly larger than those of rapidly-feathering hens.The egg production of 62-week-old rapidly-feathering pure line was very significantly lower than that of slowly-feathering pure line at the same age.The differences in other performances between the rapidly-feathering pure line and the slowly-feathering pure line were not significant.


The professional quality of graduates in China is questioned after the great enlargement of the enrolling volume. The irregular course education is an important one of many contributing factors to the decline of the professional quality. The paper reflects the course education of graduates of human geography in mainland China, aiming to highlight the existing problems, and give some innovative suggestions after the consideration of the merits of American seminar. With very limited interaction, the traditional organizing method of graduate course is instructor-centered, which appears its obvious shortcomings after the great leap forward development of graduate education, and lacks dynamics for both instructors the students. The counterpart in the United States is seminar, combining the traditional merits of the universities in UK and Germany. The main purpose of class meeting is not to read the materials but to discuss the problems encountered before class. So it is necessary to transform the traditional method in China from instructor-centered to the American seminar. China's education should make full use of the seminar. When seminar becomes the main organizing method of graduate course in China, the quality of graduate education will be improved. When universities in China decide to transform the traditional method, they need to make full use of the wisdoms of the whole faculty, i.e. academic democracy based on academic freedom as to the academic issues. Seminar can also be used as a tool to encourage the students to pay more time to the academic learning and scholarship, and to settle the enduring problem of lack of reading in the graduate education.


Large scale conversion of gold to copper wiring in microelectronics can only become successful when all the failure mechanisms that can be encountered during reliability testing, or during product application life are understood. One of these mechanisms is corrosion of the contact between the copper (Cu) ball and the aluminum (Al) bond-pad, consisting of various intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which are more sensitive to corrosion compared to gold (Au) Al IMC. This study elaborates on three corrosion mechanisms present in the Cu-Al system: interfacial Cu-Al IMC corrosion, bulk Cu-Al IMC corrosion and Al bond pad corrosion. For the first mechanism, which is dominant, an empirical corrosion model is introduced. To gather data for this model, a recently developed method for analyzing the IMC contact area to study the dynamics of the dominant mechanism is used. Data was collected from various devices, which were exposed to accelerated aging conditions. The focus of this paper is on unbiased conditions using a wide temperature and humidity range. In total four epoxy molding compound types have been investigated and are compared to each other, using the empirical model proposed in this paper. Finally, it is shown that the model allows the prediction of the life time of Cu-Al ball contacts for different application conditions and also allows the selection of an appropriate mould compound type.


Monitoring of a coastal part of the Cheboksary reservoir is carried out. The negative influence of under-flooding on coastal forests, social-environmental and ethnic problems are shown. Problems of incompleteness of hydraulic engineering objects of Cheboksary hydro power station are considered.


The design of ship propellers is a challenging design optimization task in the field of ship propulsion technology. Nowadays, potential solvers can predict the performance of a propeller design with a high accuracy. This performance of a ship propeller can be seen as a function of its resulting efficiency, torque coefficients, thrust coefficients, and cavitation, all of which can be computed by potential flow numerical solvers within one time consuming simulation that, depending on the input variables, takes several minutes up to hours for one evaluation by the simulation software. The simulator, an implementation of a First-Order Potential-based Panel Method, uses this method to calculate the hydrodynamic performance of any given propeller at a given advance coefficient. Furthermore the area where pressure lies below the vapor pressure is calculated to evaluate the magnitude of cavitation. The parameterization of a propeller is another challenging task. Different parameterized spline curves are used to describe characteristics of the 3-D shape of a propeller. Among others these shape characteristics are the pitch, the skew, the rake, cord length, the thickness and the camber. The number of parameters multiplies with the number of shape characteristics, because each of the characteristics is described by means of a spline curve. The propeller is described in this parametric manner, so that it can be modified easily in order to create variants. Simple parameterizations can already come along with 25 design variables, whereby only 2 dimensional splines are considered in such cases. In the studies presented in this paper a nonlinear optimization software was coupled to an analysis method for ship propellers [5] in order to develop designs of improved performance. Besides problems caused by the high dimensionality and the nonlinearity of the function, a particular challenge was to deal with the high computation time. In order to tackle non-linear, high dimensional functions evolution strategies are one of the most favourable choices. An alleged drawback of these strategies is that they need a large number of evaluations to approach an optimum with high accuracy. Thus, in the presence of time consuming objective function evaluations, measures have to be taken to accelerate search. One of these measures is to use parallel evaluations. Evolution strategies generate a set of variants in each iteration (generation) that can be evaluated concurrently. Hence, the parallelization of ES can be done in a straightforward manner by simultaneously evaluating variants. Though the overall optimization time can be decreased by a linear factor, the total computational cost does not reduce by employing parallel function evaluations. Recently , it has been proven that the evolutionary algorithms [6, 7], and in particular evolution strategies [3], can be significantly accelerated by using metamodels. The principle of such metamodel-assisted evolution strategies is to generate a surplus of variants in each iteration and reduce it to a subset by means of an approximation model that is learned from previous evaluations. Given a set of evaluated design points in a high dimensional search space, a metamodel can predict the response at design points that have not yet been evaluated. The prediction routines used here are called Kriging [4] and stem from geostatistics. By means of Kriging models not only the response can be predicted but also the uncertainty of a response prediction is provided by means of the parameters (standard deviation) of a Gaussian distribution describing the possibility of other outcomes. This information can be used to make the optimization algorithm more reliable and prevent the convergence to false optima. Various measures for doing so have been developed by the authors. In this paper different methods are compared of how to accelerate evolution strategies by means of metamodels on artificial test problems similar to the time consuming evaluation function. A promising strategy is then used to optimize the real application problem on a parallel computer cluster. For the last step problem specific adaptations of the metamodel-assisted evolution strategies (MAES) are discussed.


Abstract:This research aim to knowthe influence envelope character game to behavior morals of 5-6 years old children at Al-Izhar School kindergarten Pekanbaru. Population of this reseacrh was Al-Izhar School kindergarten child's, sample of researchare 17 childs. Method of research was experiment which this research tries to look for this research aim to know the influence envelope character game to behavior morals of 5-6 years old children at Al-Izhar School kindergarten Pekanbaru. Instrumental of this research used observation sheet.The result of this research that acquired available the influence envelope character game to behavior morals of 5-6 years old children at Al-Izhar School kindergarten Pekanbaru. It can be known from The results of this study have percentages obtained pretest 45,91% and posttest 80,71%, then the influence envelope character game to behavior morals of 5-6 years old children at Al-Izhar School kindergarten Pekanbaru. is80,71% - 45,91% = 34.8% . The influence envelope character game to behavior morals of 5-6 years old children at al-izhar school kindergarten pekanbaru. That is equal to 34.8% : 45,91 =75,8% Key Words: Envelope Character Game, Behavior Morals


We present information compiled from several studies on the effects of methods for marking individual arthropods on their longevity and behavior. Results from our own research on effects of enamel paint marking on two in sect species, the periodical cicada, Magicicada septendecim, and the lesser migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes, are also presented. Neither species showed any adverse survivorship or behavioral effects from marking. The ease of use of different marking methods and their appropriateness for particular study designs are well reviewed (Southwood 1978, Walker and Winewriter 1981, Kearns and Inouye 1993). Above and beyond logistical con cerns, the possible effects on the stu dects further constrains the choice of marking method. Table 1 summ 'terature reporting effects of indi vidual marking (not mass-marking) methods on study organisms. We located sources using published reviews and electronic databases (Zoological Record, Wilson Indexes to Journal Articles, and Biological Abstracts) and included only papers containing data specifically addressing possible mortality or morbidity due to marking. Of several hundred papers examined, we found only 19 fitting these criteria. This table is neither exhaustive nor prescrip tive, but rather supplements earlier reviews. Few general trends are appar ent, except that marks applied topically to sclerotized parts seemed to have few deleterious effects, while dusts, powders, or, in the case of soft-bodied in sects, some solvents, must be used cautiously. The lack of general trends means that controlled testing of a marking method is the only way to ensure its appropriateness for any given study. Individual marking has proven effective in our research on periodical ci cadas [Magicicada septendecim (L.)] and lesser migratory grasshoppers [Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.)], allowing us to track the behaviors of individ ual insects or classes of insects as they emerge, mature, mate, and die. One marking technique we have used is to apply colored enamel paint dots to the dorsal thoracic surface (Testors® lead-free gloss enamel; Testors Corp., Rock ford IL, 61104), or to use paint pens (Uni®·Paint Fine Line PX-21 paint markers; Eberhard Faber Inc., Lewisburg TN 37091). Because published reo lInsect Division, The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1079 1 Cooley et al.: Effects of Enamel Paint on the Behavior and Survival of the Perio Published by ValpoScholar, 1998 'l'able 1. Reported effects of methods for marking individual insects, grouped by general method and organized chronologically within 0 each grouping. I'V Reference Marker Taxon Effect* This study Enamel paint (xylol, propanol based) Magicicada septendecim (Homoptera) Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera) None Hunter 1960 Enamel paint (xylol, propanol based) Laelaspis georgiae (mite) None et al. 1990 Enamel paint (xylol, propanol based) Leptin.otarsa decemlin.eata (Coleoptera) None Hager and Kurczewski 1986 Enamel paint (xylol, propanol based) Ammophila harti (Hymenoptera) None§ Greenslade 1964 Enamel paint (petroleum-solvent based) Nebria breuicollis (Coleoptera) Nonet I -i m Paulson and Akre 1991 Enamel paint (petroleum-solvent based) Formica neoclara (Hymenoptera) None G) ;:<:l Dobson et al. 1958 Oil-based paint Lepthohylemia coarctata (Diptera) None m ~ Dobson et al. 1961 Lacquer-based paint (nitrocellulose) Lepthohylemia coarctata (Diptera) Toxic :; Davey 1956 Oil-based paint (Rubine 'funer or Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera) A m Monolite Yellow in wood rosin and kerosene) None C/l m Gallepp and Hasler 1975 Typewriter correction fluid Brachycentrus spp. (Trichoptera) Behavioral Z changes -i 0 Fales et al. 1964 Fingernail polish (acetone based) Musca autumnalis (Diptera) Toxic ~ 0 0 rGarcia and Paleari 1990 Fingernail polish (acetone based) Charidotis punctatostriata (Coleoptera) None G) Dreyer and Fingernail polish (acetone based) Clauigralla tomentosicollis (Hemiptera) Vi -i Baumgartner 1997 None Brussard 1971 "Sharpie" marker (xylol solvent) Erebia epipsodea (Lepidoptera) None Rieske and Raffa 1990 Acrylic paint Hylobius pales (Coleoptera) ~ None w Caprio et at. 1990 Paper labels affixed with cynoacrylate glue Leptin.otarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera) None ~ Z Caprio et at. 1990 Acetone wash, followed by Leptin.otarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera) ~ paper labels aft'"txed with cynoacrylate glue None w Qo Hart and Resh 1980 Plastic tags aftixed with wire or elastic band Dicosmoecus giluipes (Trichoptera) None ..,.. 2 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 31, No. 3 [1998], Art. 3 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol31/iss3/3 Sempala 1981 Fluorescent powder Aedes africanus (Diptera) -0 combined with Duco paint Toxic -0 CD Gangwere et al. 1964 Colored thread or paper attached with glue Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera) None:\: Stuart 1986 Polyester fiber tied around body Leptothorax spp., Harpagoxenus spp. (Hymenoptera) None Gangwere et al. 1964 Melted crayon, colored ink, Aniline dyes, or Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera) Titanium oxide spray None:\: Gangwere et al. 1964 Metallic dust Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera) None:\: Gangwere et al. 1964 Fluorescent powder, pigment in oil spray, Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera) Toxic in :2 Oil and Cellulose paints, dry pigment large doses m Gangwere et al. 1964 Wing amputation or clipping Periplaneta americana (Blattaria) None for G) ;>C moderate m treatment ~ Mead-Briggs 1964 Tarsal clipping SpilopsyUus cuniculi (Siphonaptera) None S; Mascanzoni and Wallin 1986 Radar tags A Pterostichus melanarius, P. niger, Harpalus m rufipes, Carabus granulatus (Coleoptera) None C/l m * "None:" no effects reported; "Toxic:" increased mortality reported; "Injury:" unspecified damage or mortality noted. Z --i § Pers. Comm. o t Dispersal attributable to handling effects noted. ~ o :\: Method proved to be impermanent and of limited use. 5 G)


Disclosed are a method for managing files, a distributed storage system and a management node. The method includes: a management node receives a file creation request sent by a host computer, the file creation request being used for creating a file in a distributed storage system; the management node allocates a first virtual space for the file from a global virtual address space of the distributed storage system according to the file creation request, wherein a local virtual address space of each storage node in the distributed storage system corresponds to a portion of the global virtual address space; the management node records metadata of the file, the metadata of the file including information about the first virtual space allocated to the file, the information about the first virtual space being used for pointing to the local virtual address space of the storage node which stores the file; and the management node sends a file creation success response to the host computer, the file creation success response carrying information about the first virtual space. The embodiments of the present invention can improve the file management efficiency.


A new inference control, called random sample queries, is proposed for safeguarding confidential data in on-line statistical databases. The random sample queries control deals directly with the basic principle of compromise by making it impossible for a questioner to control precisely the formation of query sets. Queries for relative frequencies and averages are computed using random samples drawn from the query sets. The sampling strategy permits the release of accurate and timely statistics and can be implemented at very low cost. Analysis shows the relative error in the statistics decreases as the query set size increases; in contrast, the effort required to compromise increases with the query set size due to large absolute errors. Experiments performed on a simulated database support the analysis.


Previous studies revealed that microalgae polyculture in wastewater can improve productivity which is less expensive than bioaugmentation with bacteria. Keeping in mind this fact, aim of current study was to...


A novel broadband waveguide to microstrip probe transition based on low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology is presented and experimentally verified for the first time. To improve the bandwidth and impedance matching, a multilayer step-shape matching structure beneath the probe is buried in the LTCC substrate, which is implemented by installing conducting ground strips on different substrate layers connected by the staggered via side walls. A waveguide to microstrip probe transition is fabricated to verify the design with compact size. Measured results show good agreement with simulated results.


The general of damage tolerance design, the operation procedure of damage tolerance test and the application of nondestructive testing to the test were described. It was proved by tests that damage degree could be obtained quantitatively, the damage propagation of the components loaded could be monitored and the minimum defects allowed could be detected out accurately by nondestructive testing, thus the service life of component design could be determined.


The world‐wide AIDS epidemic is reflected in Western Europe in an increasing number of HIV‐infected persons who originate from Africa. We describe the characteristics and response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) of HIV‐infected patients born in Africa and living in France.


Unsteady heat transfer with internal heat generation takes place during the heating of solid particles in a fluidized bed combustor before the initiation of shrinkages due to burning, i.e., during the period before the inside temperature in the solid particle reaches the medium temperature. The analysis of heat transfer occurring in such particles is essential for accurate predictions of optimum heating requirements, leading to energy savings. Such analysis requires an accurate measurement of the surface temperatures of these particles, which is very difficult to achieve in practice. Therefore an analytical model determining surface temperature distributions using either center temperature measurements or other available heat transfer parameters, such as Biot and Fourier numbers is desirable. Such an analytical technique is presented in this article. The present approach is illustrated by an example using two different experimental temperature data sets. Obtained center and surface temperature distributions are plotted for comparison.


This chapter surveys a range of methodological, descriptive, and prescriptive issues concerning the implications of cognitive psychology for law. Included are (a) a general introduction to the subject of heuristics in decision theory, with particular attention to the distinction between optimality-based and heuristic-based decision making models within psychology; (b) an attempt to synthesize these two psychological research paradigms into a single conceptual framework that helps to identify important areas in which further research and understanding are needed; (c) an overview of scholarship to date on heuristics and the law, including an observation that this scholarship has ignored certain significant lessons of the heuristics research tradition in psychology; and (d) a compilation of suggestions for future interdisciplinary research concerning both the use of heuristics by legal subjects whose behavior the law is attempting to influence and the use of heuristics by policy makers as a model for the substantive design of legal rules.


Abstract This study compared the reliability and validity of the ten subtests of the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI) (Weinstein et al., 1987) obtained from 99 college developmental studies students enrolled in an introductory reading course in a southeastern, urban, two‐year community college with the norming values obtained by Weinstein, Schulte, and Palmer (1987). The results indicated that nine of the ten subtest reliability coefficients approached, but did not equal those reported by Weinstein et al. (1987). One‐sample chi‐square analyses also revealed that developmental studies students in the present study scored better than expected on three of the subtests, scored no different than the national norms on four subtests and scored worse than the national norms on three subtests.


A novel input-output model of water quality in water distribution systems is presented as a particle (water parcel) backtracking algorithm (PBA). The PBA is a simpler and more efficient version of that described by Zierolf et. al. in 1998 and is extended to allow storage tanks and multiple water sources and quality inputs. For simplicity the algorithm details are described for networks with a single water quality input at the water source, and the necessary extensions to allow multiple water sources and quality inputs are described separately. The PBA provides information that is not available using traditional simulation approaches: the various paths that water takes between a particular input source and output node, and their associated time delays and impact on output node water quality. Such information constitutes a complete description of the input-output behavior under typical assumptions of first-order chemical decay or production reactions. Thus the output behavior can be calculated for any source quality input, and the explicit mathematical form of the input-output behavior is useful information for certain applications such as feedback control. More generally, the PBA is a tool to understand flow-path-dependent water quality processes in distribution systems, since those paths and their characteristics are made explicit and thus available for analysis. The potential utility of input-output analysis is illustrated by several examples.


The development of new computer technologies such as new media technology and the Internet has greatly promoted the reform of college English teaching. Today, Internet-based distance education has greatly optimized the environment for students to learn English, and has built a relatively open teaching platform through emerging technologies such as the Internet, breaking the unreasonable allocation of resources under the traditional teaching model and promoting the vigorous development of education which plays a vital role. How to learn new teaching ideas through the resources provided by the Internet, construct a brand-new English teaching environment, and improve students' enthusiasm for learning have begun to become a new topic facing English teachers. However, there are also some problems and obstacles to the development of computer-aided instruction and the Internet; this article discusses this, analyzes some reasons, and puts forward the author's views. This article introduces the relationship between each subsystem and their functions, and uses UML technology to model the college English teaching system.


Various mixture models are proposed and fitted to a set of time-to-response quantal assay data. The models provide a natural extension to the time-dependent case of the classical threshold model for quantal assay data. The approach deals simply with interval censoring, and provides flexible families of distributions, for both the mixing probability and the cumulative distribution function for time to response. For data of the kind considered in this paper, mixture models may provide a more suitable description than other models from survival analysis, such as the proportional hazards model.


The bachelor thesis is focused on the inhibitory effects of selected fatty acids on biofilm bacteria isolated from dairy products. The theoretical part explains the principle of biofilm formation and structure and its importance. The thesis also describes the characteristics and structure of fatty acids used and a general description of antibacterial effects and physical properties. In the experimental part, the inhibitory effects of fatty acids on the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative rods and biofilm formation are evaluated. MK C11:1 showed the greatest antimicrobial properties even at low concentrations on all tested bacteria. MK C12:0 was already bacteriostatically active at a concentration of 25 mg/l per genus Bacillus except Bacillus tequilensis. MK C12:0 showed a bactericidal effect at a concentration of 250 mg/l on all the observed bacilli. Low potency fatty acids to bacilli growth were MK C8:0 and MK C18:0. On the other hand, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was inhibited by MK C18:0 already at 25 mg/l. The biofilm produced by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was resistant to all MK.


The structure and principle of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) were introduced. By means of input-output modeling and energy equations, a time domain and a steady state mathematical model of STATCOM were set up, on which two reactive current control laws were proposed, and a STATCOM control system was modeled with Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results show that the model is correct and the control law is effective.


This document describes a Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
proxy mechanism to allow intermediate networking equipment (ex:
Satellite HUB/Modem) to intercept BFD packets and to generate BFD
packets to relay the health of connection monitored links. Note that
this is an informational document that does not propose any changes to
the BFD protocol.


While a large literature has emerged focusing on nascent entrepreneurship, the propensity for exentrepreneurs to consider re-entering into entrepreneurship, or what we term here as renascent entrepreneurship, has been generally overlooked. This paper suggests a different view of learning, where the entrepreneur can utilize her capacity to absorb and learn from the initial entrepreneurial experience, thereby augmenting her initial endowment of entrepreneurial skills.


The aim of the study was to determine whether a 15-hour kinesiology unicycling training might have a statistically significant impact on the development of static and/or dynamic balance of the 58 Physical Education University female (N=25) and male (N= 33) students. The subjects were divided in two groups, experimental and control. The experiment involved the measurements of morphological characteristics (body height ; body weight ; body mass index and body fat percentage) and balance by the Biodex Balance System SD in the control and the experimental group. The unicycling treatment for the experimental group lasted for 5 weeks and only the subjects without any prior motor knowledge of unicycling were included. In experimental group, the dependent sample t-test showed significant differences between the initial and the final measurement in dynamic balance with males (+12.8 % ; p<0.01), as well as with females (+27.3% ; p<0, 01). Statisticaly significant improvement for static balance are found only with female group (+24.0 %, p<0.01). The independent T-test showed the unicycling treatment has a significantly greater impact on dynamic and static balance of the female than the male subsample. Morphological differences between sexes, different positions of the centre of gravity and differences in body geometry may affect the results in dynamic and static balance of males and females. Unicycling is a very efficient method for balance development in relatively short time of training period. Presented results opens up new possibilities of using the unicycle in training methods aimed to improve balance abilities.


The non-conventional lightning air terminals and their associated commercial-grade lightning event counters were introduced in Malaysia more than three decades ago. These event counters have been widely used to justify the use of the air terminals among users and non-expert engineers. We present case studies of the lightning event counter data and compare them against similar nearby event counter data and to the estimated number of lightning flashes to an air terminal based on the keraunic level.


The recent proliferation and impact of protest events in the Middle East, northern Africa, and the development of a worldwide Occupy Wall Street movement have ignited inquiry into the people, social structures and technologies that have helped give these social movements form. Three cases are described here which add to this discussion and lead to a pruning of the analytical landscape in this subject area. By looking to the use of Twitter as a tool for political protest in Iran in 2009, Moldova in 2009 and the G-20 Summit in Pittsburgh in 2009, the complexity of the intertwined social and technological strands that have given rise to these new political protests is acknowledged. By realizing that this distinction is salient yet fuzzy, it becomes possible to make new observations, ask new questions and begin to understand the nature of recent political tussles and the communication tools used in them. For instance, this article posits that by seeing the particular use of a new communication tool – a socio-technical assemblage – as an artifact, analysts can learn something new about the motivations of those sitting at the negotiating table.


Fiberscope Sample Imaging System (FiSI) is a sample verification system developed for a potential comet surface sample return mission. This paper describes recent development and validation of the FiSI system. The illumination design is revised to enhance imaging robustness for dusty sample observation. The comet sample object area is illuminated by ten bundles of illumination fibers that are separated from the imaging fiberscopes. Two LED illumination sources provide switchable sample illumination that can be individually adjusted for different sample conditions. The FiSI fiberscope was validated in an environmental chamber for a wide temperature range of −170 °C to +70 °C. Moreover, the FiSI prototype was tested on a parabolic aircraft flight to validate operation in simulated microgravity. During 60 parabolic maneuvers, the FiSI system operated flawlessly and obtained images of different types and quantities of samples including dusty comet sample simulants. The FiSI prototype was successfully demonstrated in a relevant thermal and microgravity environment and it is now validated to TRL 6.


New York City, June 14, 1904. To the Editor: —In the discussion at the Atlantic City session on the removal of normal appendices in the course of other work, I opposed the idea on three points: Removal of the appendix delays the other operation, adds a little to the danger, and, if the idea is taught by competent men, it will be carried out by those who will manage to get a death rate out of it. Immediately after the meeting I joined a group of physicians who expressed surprise at my stand, and who said that they were under the impression that I favored the removal of normal appendices anyway, as a prophylactic measure to be applied generally. As with other surgeons, a good many stories about me and my work "go the rounds," and many of them have a basis of fact. I would not correct any that


Measurement uncertainty may be a decisive factor on the structure of process and control flow sheet design: e.g. whether a controller can achieve required level of disturbance attenuation or whether costly process equipment needs to be included. However, the effect of measurement uncertainty on the process performance is rarely if ever discussed. In this paper, we illustrate through a case study, how the control structure design is affected by measurement uncertainty and how the corresponding dynamic problem is defined and solved with rather regular tools. Our case is a conceptual and simplified paper machine short circulation control design, which involves defining a dynamic design optimization problem with scenarios on dynamic effects external to the process. With the case, we also want to illustrate that in practical design the choice of dynamic scenarios, their relative frequency of occurrence and even the objective function are far from being self-evident. These choices affect strongly the outcome of optimization. Therefore, scenarios and objective function should be understood more as advanced design tuning parameters rather than strictly given design requirements derived from business analysis. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Background: Orthodontics treatment goals is to get a healthy occlusion functionally and
esthetically. Facial esthetics is greatly influenced by soft tissue facial profile, include position of
lips. In the other hand, the incisor inclination has an important role in establishing facial esthetics
too. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the relationship between mandibular incisor inclination
and position of lips. Method: The subject were native Javanese for two generations, with
symmetric face and had never been orthodontics treatment. The sample was from male and female
students at the Airlangga University, with an age range from 18 to 25 years. On comparing the
results of this research which is carried out on Javanese sample with Rickett's analysis,
cephlometric tracing are carried out using the same points, lines, angles and axis of Rickett's
analysis. Result: The data was analyed statistically by using independent t-test and correlation
test. The results were as the mean values of the mean values of Ls–E line were -0,66 (male) and -2,38, and the mean values of Li-E line were
0,23 (male) and -1,25 (female). Conclusion: There is no correlation between mandibular incisor
inclination and position of lips but there is correlation between upper lip and lower lip..


Trade on Agriculture has been reformed since January 1995. It was a resultof Uruguay Round and staed on Agreement on Agriculture. However, its implementations have given negative aspects to developing countries. It was caused by the malfunction of specific protection mechanism. Besides, special and differential treatment, created by developed countries, is not implemented effectively. Accordingly, sector on Agriculture has been being negotiated since the Doha Round in 2001.


. Various classes of hyperideals have been studied in many papers in order to let us fully understand the structures of hyperrings in general. The purpose of this paper is the study of some hyperideals whose concept is created on the basis of the intersection of all n -ary prime hyperideals in category of Krasner ( m,n )-hyperrings. In this regard we introduce notions of N -hyperideals, δ - N -hyperideals, ( k,n )-absorbing δ - N -hyperideals and S - N -hyperideals. The overall framework of these structures is then explained, providing a number of major conclusions.