1. Delayed germination is reported in the seeds of many plants and, exactly opposite to the common view, its cause generally lies in the seed coats rather than in the embryos; but in the hawthorns, as perhaps in some other seeds, it is due to embryo characters. 2. In the upper seed of the cocklebur the delay is secured by the seed coat excluding oxygen, while in Axyris amaranthoides, Abutilon Avicennae, and many other seeds, it is secured by the coats excluding water. 3. In Iris seeds the failure to germinate is due to the endosperm and cap stopping water absorption before the quantity necessary for germination is obtained by the embryo. 4. In Plantago major, P. Rugelii, Thlaspi arvense, Avena fatua, and others, the real method by which the coats secure the delay is not yet determined, but there is no doubt that the delay is due to the coats. 5. Seed coats which exclude water are much better adapted to securing delays than are seed coats which exclude oxygen, because of the much greater reduction of respiration in the first case. 6. In nature growth of the delayed seeds comes about through the disintegration of the seed coat structures by a longer or shorter exposure to germinative conditions, and the length of the delay depends upon the persistence of the structure securing it. 7. In the cocklebur the bur aids in preserving the seed coat of the upper seed by being most persistent over it. 8. Even in the hawthorns, where the delay is secured by embryo characters, the germination finally comes about in the course of long exposure to germinative conditions and not in dry storage. 9. In the cocklebur the seed coats of both the upper and lower seeds cut down the oxygen supply, but the first the more markedly. This gives the upper seed a much higher minimum germinative temperature and the lower seed a somewhat higher one. Hence we have in the cocklebur seeds two minimum germinative temperatures; one with the seed coats intact and a much lower one with the coats removed. In the upper seeds these differ by fifteen or more degrees; in the lower seeds by three to five degrees. 10. High temperatures bring about the germination of the upper seeds of the cocklebur with coats intact by increasing the rate of diffusion of oxygen through the seed coat and by raising the respiratory ratio. 11. The minimum germinative temperatures of the seeds of the cocklebur, Plantago major, P. Rugelii, Thlaspi arvense, and various other seeds, with the seed coats intact, is far above the highest minimum germinative temperature reported; while in the cocklebur and Plantago major with coats removed this critical temperature is considerably above the highest reported.


A thorough discussion is presented of recent approaches to macroscopic modeling of radiation interaction with a fluid. Hyperbolic models are derived by using methods based on the entropy principle and supplementary conservation laws.


The apex temperature of wax precipitation was measured with fractal dimension characterizing the wax crystal morphology, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The experimental result revealed that the concentration of precipitated wax in virgin waxy crudes had the strong positive correlation with the fractal dimension of wax crystals. At the apex temperature, the wax crystals changed from tiny microscopic spots to clear and visible ones, with their morphology and structure becoming more intricate.


Cluster Editors Ilya Parkins is Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus. She is the author of Poiret, Dior and Schiaparelli: Fashion, Femininity and Modernity (2012) and the co-editor of Cultures of Femininity in Modern Fashion (2011). Her research has appeared in such journals as Feminist Review, Australian Feminist Studies, Time and Society, and Biography. Eva C. Karpinski is Associate Professor at the School of Gender, Sexuality and Women's Studies at York University in Toronto. She is the author of Borrowed Tongues: Life Writing, Migration, and Translation (2012) and co-editor of Trans/acting Culture, Writing, and Memory: Essays in Honour of Barbara Godard (2013).


Portfolio weights solely based on risk avoid estimation errors from the sample mean, but they are still affected from the misspecification in the sample covariance matrix. To solve this problem, we shrink the covariance matrix towards the Identity, the Variance Identity, the Single-index model, the Common Covariance, the Constant Correlation, and the Exponential Weighted Moving Average target matrices. Using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation, we offer a comparative study of these target estimators, testing their ability in reproducing the true portfolio weights. We control for the dataset dimensionality and the shrinkage intensity in the Minimum Variance (MV), Inverse Volatility (IV), Equal-Risk-Contribution (ERC), and Maximum Diversification (MD) portfolios. We find out that the Identity and Variance Identity have very good statistical properties, also being well conditioned in high-dimensional datasets. In addition, these two models are the best target towards which to shrink: they minimise the misspecification in risk-based portfolio weights, generating estimates very close to the population values. Overall, shrinking the sample covariance matrix helps to reduce weight misspecification, especially in the Minimum Variance and the Maximum Diversification portfolios. The Inverse Volatility and the Equal-Risk-Contribution portfolios are less sensitive to covariance misspecification and so benefit less from shrinkage.


Investigations were made from April 2004 to March 2005 in Coimbatore and Theni districts of Tamil Nadu to record the pest status of vanilla and their natural enemies. A total of seven arthropods, seven gastropods and two invertebrates were recorded as pests of vanilla. Out of 60 farms surveyed, only nine had the incidence of pest attack. Among the pests, white grubs and Giant African Snail were found to cause considerable damage to the vanilla plants, while others were not at economic levels. Among the natural enemies, parasitoids like Euplectrus sp.,Glyptapanteles sp., Aprostocetus sp., Chelonus sp., and Uropoda mites were found to be associated with the pests of vanilla.

 Key words: Vanilla, pests, gastropods, natural enemies


Results of experimental investigation of powerful microwave beams action on the metal-dielectric compositions are presented. Dielectric surfaces with introduced metallic grains as well as dielectric powder containing small admixtures of a metallic one have been explored as an objects of irradiation. At a relatively small microwave power ( mW) all investigated targets were practically completely transparent for incident electromagnetic wave. At a relatively high power (microwave generators based on the gyratrons and powerful magnetrons) the irreversible changes in the electric and radiophysical properties of metal-dielectric composites exposed to microwave radiation whose intensity is below the threshold intensity for plasma production have been observed (sharp increase of conductivity and microwave absorption coefficient).


Introduction: We carried out a preliminary investigation of Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow angle (NA) images of two locations that represent the pressure extremes currently present on Mars. The study areas are the summit of Ascraeus Mons volcano (11N, 255E) and the lowest part of the Hellas impact basin (~33S, 62E). MOLA topographic data [1, 2] indicate elevations for these areas of ~18.2 km (A.M.) and –8.2 km (Hellas), which for an atmospheric scale height of 10 km [3] indicates atmospheric pressures of ~1 mb (A.M.) and ~14 mb (Hellas). We searched MOC NA images of both areas looking for transverse aeolian ridges (TARs) [4], in order to assess whether atmospheric pressure correlates with observable attributes of the TARs (as part of MDAP grant NNG04GN88G). Methodology: We studied images from the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) aboard Mars Global Surveyor to search for TARs in both areas. For Ascraeus Mons, all images from September 1997 (time period AB01) to March 2005 (time period S04) were analyzed. Hellas Basin has been analyzed from September 1997 (time period AB01) to March 2000 (time period M12). Our observations of each image were recorded in a spreadsheet to allow us to search by latitude, longitude, season, and other parameters. Results: We now present the preliminary results from our search of MOC NA images at the two locations with atmospheric pressure extremes. Summit of Ascreaus Mons. We analyzed all images within the outer caldera rim (10 to 13°N, 254 to 257°E). TARs were only detected in areas that were topographically lower than the surrounding terrain. These depressions may facilitate dune formation by acting as a wind tunnel to concentrate the air stream so that particulates could be transported. TARs were always observed to be perpendicular to the walls of the local depressions (Figure 1). Of the 47 images observed, 15 (approximately 32%) showed TARs. Floor of Hellas Basin. We analyzed all images within the parabola-shaped lowest contour roughly parallel to the nearby curve of the basin rim, from 45 to 60°E and 30 to 47.5ºS. TARs within Hellas (Figure 2) apparently do not require the aerodynamic concentration of depressions to form, in contrast to the summit of Ascraeus Mons. This observation may reflect the influence of the atmospheric pressure


The article devotes to studying of question significance of L. Sterne for the forming of artistic thinking of L.N. Tolstoy. There is placed the fact of inclusion «word» of Sterne (phrase «La belle Flamande») from «Sentimental Journey through France and Italy» into autobiographic trilogy of Tolstoy. Also in the article is exposed dialectics of interpretation of ethics and aesthetics category of sensitiveness of Sterne by russian writer.


This research examines commitment factors amongst ICT workers. It further reappraises the role and impact of normative commitment as a separate facet (Meyer and Parfyonova, 2010) by taking a novel approach that focuses on the impact of normative commitment on ICT worker behaviour, without an associated examination of affective organisational commitment variables. The study found that ICT workers' commitment to their profession and flexible working practices were positively linked to normative commitment. Australian ICT firms tend to be small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) that lack the resources to compete with larger firms on pay rates. Non-wage benefits, such as flexible working hours, may therefore be a more effective strategy for SMEs looking to increase organisational commitment, than wages alone.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from continuously growing industries is one of the biggest global issues facing mankind as CO2 harms the environment and human health. To avoid the hazards of CO2, the development of materials for the efficient capture of CO2 is in high demand. Owing to the high surface area, nanotubes have a great potential for CO2 capture. In particular, silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) with large and partially heteropolar bonds are promising materials for CO2 capture, and extensive studies in this direction are needed. Here, a study on the CO2 capture behavior of metal (Cu, Pd and Ti) decorated SiCNTs using first principle calculations based on density functional theory is reported. The CO2 capture properties are investigated by calculations of band structure, the density of states (DOS), adsorption energy, and charge transfer. The findings show that CO2 adsorption on Cu-decorated SiCNT undergoes spontaneous exothermic reaction while the reactions are endothermic on Pd and Ti-decorated SiCNTs with notable change of the band structure and density of states of all nanotubes. Interestingly, analyses of adsorption energies show the chemisorptions of CO2 in Cu and Pd-decorated SiCNTs with high adsorption energies and the physisorption of CO2 in Ti-decorated SiCNT with low adsorption energy. The study underscores the potential of metal-decorated SiCNTs for efficient CO2 capture technology.


A simple neural network based approach has been developed for fingerprint recognition. The fingerprint were taken using optical scanners and further processed using neural network The system uses candidate score, ideal weight model score and recognition quotient for recognition of the pattern. The algorithm is based on winner takes all.


Cuba, Brasil y el Puerto de Mariel is part of the 2016 Annual Proceedings of The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy.


Equilibrium sorption capacities of different probe molecules such as water, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and ammonia were used as a tool for the characterization of ALPO-11 and protonic forms of SAPO-11, CoAPO-11, and MnAPO-11. Sorption uptake at P/P0 = 0.8 and 298 K, 2 h for water, n-hexane, and cyclohexane was found to be affected by incorporating Si, Co, and Mn in ALPO-11. Generation of Bronsted acidity is expected to increase the hydrophilicity; Si, Co, and Mn analogues have exhibited such trends depending upon the extent of substitution and characteristics of the substituted cation. The amount of ammonia retained irreversibly (on account of chemisorption) during sorption measurements was found to be correlated with the intrinsic acidity possessed by ALPO-11 and its analogues. Isotherms of ammonia sorption in ALPO-11, SAPO-11, CoAPO-11, and MnAPO-11 in the temperature range 333−483 K up to 500 Torr have been measured. The NH3 sorption capacity was also found to decrease in the order ALPO-11 > SAPO-11 > CoAP...


Objective To report a case of acetaminophen toxicity diagnosed after a warning note of "interfering substances" on the blood gas report, leading to early and successful treatment. Design Case report. Setting Tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit. Patient A 14-yr-old boy admitted unconscious with lactic academia and hyperglycemia. Interventions Routine investigations. Measurements and Main Results His initial investigations revealed hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis. An annotation of "interfering substances" on the blood gas report prompted us to investigate for toxic substances, and an acetaminophen overdose was confirmed. Conclusions A persistent warning note on the blood gas report of a sick child with elevated lactate and glucose should alert the clinician to the possibility of an acetaminophen overdose.


MPM is a RF amplifier. It incorporates subsystems like Electronic Power Conditioner), RF line and the thermal management unit. The EPC caters to all the low and high voltage power requirements of the MPM sub-systems. The RF line consists of a TWT and the associated RF plumbing. The thermal management unit consists of a heat sink with integrated fans to keep the temperature of the system within limits under all operating conditions. EPC is a high efficiency, compact dc-dc converter to cater conditioned power to various electrodes of Travelling Wave Tube (TWT) and Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) with fault monitoring, protection, sequencing and command interface modules along with housekeeping functionality. The EPC, developed by MTRDC, Bangalore, comprises of PCB boards with several types of components to accomplish its intended functionality. FMECA is a reliability evaluation/design technique for examines the likely failure modes within a system, in order to determine the effects on system performance. In FMECA possible failure modes are classified according to their concussion on mission success personnel and equipment safety [1]. This paper is based on MIL-HDBK - 1629A, to calculate the failure mode of system.


The occurrence of two significant tornadoes in northeast Colorado during the Denver Mesoscale Forecast Experiment provided an opportunity to assess forecast methodology and new data sets in a real-time, operational environment using afunctional prototype Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (A WIPS) workstation and Doppler radar. One dedicated mesoscale forecaster prepared an outlook prior to the event and issued warnings during the event based on data available from the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS), the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) and the WSR88D Doppler radar. It is shown that a logical and scientifically sound approach to forecasting using new high resolution data sets can provide a significant and practical lead time in assessing a potential severe weather event at the local office level.


The article under consideration presents the results of experimental work in relation to substantiation and realization pedagogical interaction dialogizing possibilities in the context of future teacher social maturity development.
In the context of dialogically in its essence humanistic communication, students experience the use of contractive forms of interaction, responsibility for the effectiveness of such a form of activity.
Taking into account various factors, dialogue in the classroom can be constructed as a dialogue–imitation oriented to the question–and–answer form, where the role of the moderator is assigned to the teacher; dialogue-discussion involves communication of conditionally equal subjects in the educational process; dialogue–cognition which covers complex and cognitive relationships of the subject with the world, with people around him, with himself.
In the process of research, we have identified the conditions for the dialogue realization. One of them was the reflexive management of its conduct, when the teacher does not merely sets the goals of mastering students in an educational standard, but strives for these goals to be internally accepted.
The technology of dialogue creation has included the following stages: distinguishing the value component ( facts, ideas, life problems) in the professional problem ; transformation of deductive-descriptive statements into question-relevant, problematic ones; building a logical system of questions; reasoning out assessment questions to develop students' value for a professional problem.
Research-experimental work on the students' professional training on the basis of dialogue interaction was carried out in higher education institution system of disciplines' all cycles, including pedagogical practice.
Workshop technology has been found to be productive in the development of students' social maturity. The basic ideas of this technology correspond to the essence of education dialogizing and personalization principles :knowledge of one person should be enriched with knowledge of others; constant dialogue with the author, teacher, friends, oneself is required; learning takes place in an atmosphere of openness and complete equality of persons, where everyone has the right to make mistakes, where ignorance and failure are tolerated.


Huge information hierarchies are very difficult to represent and us ers often find it difficult to retrieve relevant information from such a mesh of nodes. The Web is a complex hierarchy: users need to understand the whole structure in order not to feel lost, a nd they also need to be able to find the nodes that are likely to be relevant to them. Most r epresentations become cluttered very quickly. In this paper, after reviewing visualization techniques for large hierarchies, we propose enhanced tools for information aggregation. This approach allows a significant reduction of the number of nodes to display, so that the user management of data is easier. These techniques can be used for information that is retrie ved from the Web, as well as from any other hierarchy.


Illiteracy (Ummilik) of prophet Muhammed was evaluted unknown reading and writting by major intellectual of Islamic. We presented this concept with other means and semantics analysis in this work. We worked to analogy of dictionary and mean using Quran and Hadith We saw this i concept using in Islamic theology to defend fountainhead of Quran. As a result we talked about this concept which went out of deoriginal means and earned mean of term


At this time, leadership and social media are two things that cannot be separated. Social media becomes an information technology media for leaders to be able to communicate about their vision and purpose. Therefore, leaders must be able to use social media effectively in order to influence the community with what they think. There are three problems caused by leaders in social media which are classified into three types such as narcissistic, compulsive and paranoid. These three things become big problems in leadership on social media and therefore, we need the formula to solve the problems. The Johari Window method is a method that has four perspectives in developing four leadership classifications such as open leaders, blind leaders, hidden leadership, and unknown leaders. If these three types and four classifications are put together, a framework will be produced called "Leadership Intelligence (CI2) Framework", the next one will produce a formula S = W.L2, where this formula will produce wise leaders on social media. This journal is the development of the journal Developing "Framework Intelligence (CI3)" Inside Social Media Using Johari Window Methods and The Development and Implementation of Wise Netizen (E-Comment) In Indonesia. As a result, this journal will give an answer and solve the problem of an ethical leader on social media and how to decrease a hoax that can affect the leader on social media. This research will continue until it produces a CI1 formula that will combine culture and leadership into a social media formula in generating positive communication, creating a positive culture and making a big impact on society.


Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neurologic disorder that affects myelin, the protective sheath that encases nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Lesions resulting from the loss of myelin cause disruption of nerve impulses in both the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms are myriad and can include fatigue; pain; visual changes; loss of function or sensation in the lower extremities; loss of balance and coordination; changes in speech, cognition, and emotions; and bladder, bowel, and/or sexual dysfunction. The constellations of physical symptoms vary widely among individuals but often cause problems with mobility that require the use of assistive technology (AT). As the disease progresses, affected individuals experience new or worsening symptoms that may further limit mobility and potentially their participation in daily life. An estimated 25% to as many as 80% of persons with MS experience activity impairments that limit walking and standing, the ability to access and use public transportation, and the ability to complete self-care activities within 10Y15 years of disease onset (Souza et al., 2010). In 1988, the Technology Related Assistance Act for People With Disabilities (Public Law 100-407) defined AT as ''any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially off-theshelf, modified or customized, that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities'' (Blake & Bodine, 2002, p. 301). Individuals with MS have long used canes, walkers, wheelchairs (manual or motorized), and scooters as AT. Each device has its own set of limitations and presents functional and social challenges to the affected individual. For example, uneven terrain or stairs may limit use; loss of balance, coordination, or strength may limit useful options; and the psychosocial experience of stigmatization associated with an AT device may change quality of life. Blake and Bodine (2002) argue that the definition of AT includes a broader range of devices than those typically prescribed for use. They also state that although the limited studies available underscore the importance of AT as one element in the plan of care for people with MS, very few studies examine costs and benefits, outcome measures, and standardized needs assessment relative to AT (Blake & Bodine, 2002).


It is well‐documented that United States (US) wintertime temperature variability is related to teleconnection patterns that are commonly extracted using Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. However, recent work suggests that EOF patterns are not necessarily physical or strongly related to temperature variability at a specified location. In this paper, US wintertime temperature variability is understood using an alternative continuum approach to teleconnection patterns, contrasting with many previous studies that adopt an EOF‐based approach. Using the continuum approach, two patterns resembling the East Pacific‐North Pacific pattern are identified that are more strongly related to US wintertime temperature than common EOF‐based patterns. Using a simple correlation method and a teleconnection impact index, 13 teleconnection indices were ranked based on how much US wintertime temperature variability they can explain. The ranking methodologies revealed that three continuum‐based dipole patterns are the leading modes of US wintertime temperature variability and that common EOF‐based patterns like the Arctic Oscillation are relatively weak temperature influencers. It is also shown that the dipole patterns are related to a tropical sea surface temperature pattern termed the pan‐Niño (PN) pattern whose associated index was created using the continuum approach. The PN pattern was found to have moderate to strong relationships with the dipole patterns and US wintertime temperature, suggesting that tropical processes have contributed to recent wintertime temperature variability. These results have important implications for research focusing on seasonal forecasting, recent cooling trends across the eastern US, and the impact of Arctic warming on US winter weather.


This study's main goal was to analyse the impact of specific innovative design features in nuclear control room digital interfaces. A within-subject experimental approach was used, where the same participants responded to the same blocks of questions in two conditions: with innovative designs – including bar graphs, minitrends, pie-charts, etc. – and a control condition where the same process information was presented through numerical information only. A simplified task was designed to collect the response time and accuracy through a tablet: the participants were presented with consecutive questions regarding the process status that required them to scan the process displays and report values of targeted components and decide on the accuracy of statements on current plant processes. Nine experienced operators participated and three wore eye tracking glasses. The current analysis focused on the questions that presented the larger differences between the control and the innovative conditions (both time and accuracy). The overall performance results reveal that the participants were more accurate in the innovative condition and showed equivalent response times in both conditions. The eye tracker enabled a further qualitative exploration of performance data, showing that dwell times and fixation counts tended to be lower in the innovative condition, and that average fixation duration were equivalent in both conditions. .


SUMMARY A short review of electronically controlled pneumatic suspensions for railway application suggests that a better knowledge of the physics involved and how to control them could be of interest. The point of view adopted in this paper is to consider the air spring used in railway vehicle suspension as an autonomous actuator, including in aclosed loop arrangement a height sensor, 2 solenoid valves- 1 for supply, I for exhaust -driven by DPWM, and electronic controller. Physical modelling of the actuator is developped here, as well as how to obtain a third order control model to be used as a basis for state feedback design. Linear controller is then simulation checked against non linearities as a 1/4 vehicle secondary suspension. At last, full vehicle non linear simulation with unbalanced lateral acceleration sensing and four air springs tilt control leads to conclusion about the global behaviour of the system in a realistic context.


An examination of the connection of an avalanche on Monday 28th August 1826 in isolated Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, to the rise of tourism in America. It investigates developments that ranged from land speculation to new interpretations of the meaning of nature and landscape. The tragedy that killed innkeeper Samuel Willey, his wife, five young children and two hired men, was widely recorded in literature, art, travel writing, newspapers and scientific journals, and was the first national disaster in the US to capture national attention. Nineteenth-century Americans were intrigued with nature's sheer perversity in destroying an entire family while leaving its house untouched. Suddenly the White Mountains became, in the public's imagination, a mythical place where nature was preserved in its original, potent state. Artists and writers such as Thomas Cole, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James and Charles Lyell, began travelling there every summer to take vacations amid the romantic landscape, and the Willey house became one of the area's most popular attractions.


Shell structures are extensively used in engineering for constructions with light weight and high strength. Classical applications are covers in automotive industry, aero‐ and astronautics. For this purpose the dynamical behaviour is of interest for safety and comfort. The focus will be placed on rotating circumferential cylindrical shells.


Wastewater contains water, nutrients, and energy resources, which can be recovered for human activities. Product from wastewater is one of the solutions to provide energy and food security amidst the looming energy and fertilizer crisis. Unfortunately, wastewater treatment plants in developing countries are often designed not to accommodate the concept of resource recovery. Currently, there is a real lack of feasibility analysis of upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants to accommodate the concept of resource recovery. Therefore, this study aims to determine the resource recovery potential in existing wastewater treatment plants in Yogyakarta and identify their limitations for resource recovery. Two wastewater treatment plants in Yogyakarta were assessed, one with anaerobic treatment, the other with stabilization ponds. The feasibility is assessed by the parameter of wastewater flow, organics, nutrients, and microbiology compounds. The findings of this study will be beneficial for a regional management standpoint to consider the most suitable strategy for wastewater management in Yogyakarta.


Speech samples of 34 children were analysed to determine patterns of babbling and early word productions from 9 to 24 months. The present study focuses on the vocal and verbal development of two 'late talkers' in the group who did not meet the criterion for achieving the Meaningful Speech Stage until 24 months. Analysis of these subjects' prespeech utterances revealed that one of them produced few canonical babbles from 9 to 21 months; the other displayed an unusual pattern of sound preference in his babbles. At 24 months, word productions of both late talkers evidenced more limited phonetic repertoires and simpler syllable shapes than those used by their peers. These findings suggest that atypical babbling may be associated with delays in the acquisition of meaningful speech.


We define experiments to measure viewer comfort and 3D fusion as a function of 3D depth shift. We analyze the subjective results and find relation between the subjective results and psychovisual models. We relate subjects' viewer comfort with Percival's zone of comfort and subjects' fusion limit with Panum's fusion area.


Objective: This article studied the temperature dependence of photoluminescence and Raman scattering of Zn and Alsubstituted Mg nano spinel ferrites using a 325and 758-nm He–Cd laser as an excitation source. Methods: Zn and Al-substituted Mg nano spinel ferrites were fabricated at different ratios by coprecipitation method, the resulted powder was ground and sintered at 600°C for 10 h. The structure, particle size, and morphology of the spinel ferrites were confirmed with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.


In many geologic settings, topographic variations and discontinuities in the surface of bedrock can influence the transport and eventual fate of contaminants introduced at or near the ground surface. Determining the nature and location of anomalous bedrock can be an essential component of hydrologic characterization. Preliminary analysis of the hydrologic characteristics of a site in Olathe, Kansas, U.S., based primarily on borehole data alone, suggested that a cluster of fractures and/or an unmapped buried stream channel may influence fluid movement along the drill‐ defined bedrock surface.


There was a change in the environment and food security threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries, including Indonesia, are forced to allocate funds to reduce the risk of this disaster. The Government Republic of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Social Affairs, has launched a Social Cash Assistance Program for 10 million families affected by COVID-19. This study aims to identify how families affected by COVID-19 take advantage of this social cash assistance. The study was conducted on the beneficiaries of social assistance, in cash transfer of IDR 600,000 (USD 40), per month, for three months. This study involved 2290 beneficiaries as respondents spread across 12 provinces. The sampling technique was the Cohen Manion Morrison Table by proportional stratified random sampling. The findings show that (1) 99% of cash assistance is used for basic needs, especially for food, and (2) cash assistance could be used for basic needs for around two to three weeks, thereby strengthening food security. Recommendations are submitted based on the results of this study related to social cash assistance and food security. The first is that this assistance still needs to be continued until the COVID-19 pandemic is over. It is to help families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic meet their daily needs. Second, most respondents do not have a fixed income during the pandemic, so providing capital and business startups are needed to increase family income sustainably to maintain food security.


The paper presents the description of the problem of identifying the parameters of a system, whose parameterization at a priori and a posteriori stages differs, and the identification criterion is based on involving such an identification error characteristics as the entropy. In this case, the identification criterion is maximized for all possible distributions and then minimized for the vector of system parameters. A heterogeneity measure is then constructed using the Rényi quadratic entropy, which allows the input variables (structural identification as an initial step) to be selected in a suitable way, justified by the properties of the proposed heterogeneity measure, for models subjected to further parametric identification. In this case, the properties of the proposed measure of dependence, namely the consistent normalization of the measure of dependence, are very important.


Newly developed SEBS compounds can be used for keyboards as alternatives to silicone rubber. The materials fulfil all the electronics industry's requirements.


Although the importance of fathers' post divorce contact with their children has been linked with a better outcome for the children and is valued by society, studies in the United States and Australia have suggested that up to 30 pe['l:ent of fathers do not maintain regular contact with their children post divon.:e. To date, the literature has lbcused mainly on demographic variables and some personal characteristics of the father. An area, which has been neglected, is the influence of fathers' pen.:eption of legal proceedings and rules on their contact with their children post divorce. This study aimed to explore the underlying concepts of satisfaction and examine fathers' perception of satisfaction in relation to their experience with the Family Court of Western Australia. This was done by utilising qualitative research methodology. Twenty-four fathers were interviewed using an interview schedule adapted from Tyler (1988). Results from the present study indicated that fathers' satisfaction was primarily influenced by a favourable outcome in relation to contact with their children. Factors found to result in dissatisfaction included fhthers' feelin~s !hat their father role had been eroded, a pen.:eived bias by the family ]aw system in favour of the mother, and a lack of legal assistance and limited availability of\egal personnel. In order to clarify o number of issues, a subset often fathers from the original sample were re-interviewed. Further analysis con finned that fathers' unresolved issues in relation to their separation; strong emotions including anger and distress during the court pl'Ol'.eSs; and unrealistic expectations in relation to contact with their children, made dissatisfat:tion with the legal system, and in particular court outcomes, more likely. This resean.:h suggests that early intervention for fathers is needed to allow thr'm 10 address any unresolved issues surrounding their separation, and the emotions such as anger and grief that often follow separation. Services, which provide legal


Variation of goat MSHR gene G676A mutation in 22 populations containing 634 individuals was analyzed.The results indicated that the dominate genotype in the goat populations with white hair were homozygote GG,and the allele G was the superiority gene with a frequency of 0.99.The allele A was the superiority gene with a frequency of 0.33 in red and brown hair goat populations containing 197 individuals,especially up to 0.89 in those of abroad breeds.The frequency of A was 0.21 in 271 goat individuals with black coat color mostly,which was higher than that in the white(0.01) but lower than that in the red and brown(0.33).It could be inferred that genotype AA might be related with red and brown coat color,and GG with white coat color.The results also indicated that the G676A mutation was with higher genetic diversity,but poor in Jianchang Black goat,Leizhou goat,Wuan goat,Duan goat and Jining Grey goat.The genetic differentiation among imported goat populations(0.449) was higher than that among Chinese indigenous goat breeds(0.237),and it was lower between indigenous southern and northern goat populations.The higher gene flow of G676A mutation existed between black hair populations and red and brown hair populations.The clustering of populations based on G676A mutation was basically consistent with the variation of coat and hair color.


The state space modeling approach was developed to cope with the demand and performance due to the increase in system complexity, which may have multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO). This approach is based on timedomain analysis and synthesis using state variables. This paper describes the development of a state space representation of a furnace system of a combined cycle power plant. Power plants will need to operate optimally so as to stay competitive, as even a small improvement in energy efficiency would involve substantial cost savings. Both the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the
state space representation of the furnace system are discussed. These include the responses of systems excited by certain inputs and the structural properties of the system. The analysis on the furnace system showed that the system is bounded input and bounded output stable, controllable and observable. In practice, the state space formulation is very important for numerical computation
and controller design, and can be extended for time-varying systems.


Well-block Luo-151 is located at the southern part of Zhanhua sag. A light oil reservoir in diabase is discovered recently in Member S 3 of the Lower Tertiary in Jiyang depression, which is an intrusive oil reservoir with better exploration and development results. This diabase is laccolith type shallow intrusive rocks, it intruded along bedding planes in Member S 3 hydrocarbon origin formations in the late of the deposition period of Dongying Formation and the middle of that of Guantao Formation. There are 4 subfacies: carbonaceous slate subfacies, hornfels subfacies containing cordierite and grammite, border subfacies and central subfacies. By man-computer interaction technique, data are selected from crossing-well seismic lines to construct synthetic seismic records, and 20 seismic characteristic parameters are taken to identify igneous rocks by neural network techniques to construct the structural map of their top and bottom. This diabase oil trap and porous space (primary fracture systems, intercrystalline pores and those secondary dissolution pores, caves and fissures due to arching etc.) are formed early than the period of oil generation. There are good oil sources, and the source formations are good caprocks also. Faults and microcracks in the wall-rock act as the pathways for oil and gas migration, grammite-hornfels micropore type and diabase porous-fracture type oil reservoirs are formed.


Changes in renal tissues and plasma osmolality were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 72 hours after transfer from fresh water to 9 or 18 ppt salinity. Exposure to high salinity was associated with cell infiltration into renal tissue. Plasma osmolality increased with increasing salinity but the hematocrit remained unchanged.


Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) drives hepatic fibrosis in vivo by stimulating fibrogenic pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Under normal conditions, CTGF/CCN2 expression is very low in quiescent HSC but CTGF/CCN2 expression is dramatically increased as HSC become activated during liver injury and adopt a fibrogenic phenotype. We have investigated the molecular basis for the suppressed CTGF/CCN2 levels in quiescent HSC. CTGF/CCN2 up‐regulation in fibrotic or steatotic livers, or in culture‐activated or ethanol‐treated primary mouse HSC was associated with a reciprocal down‐regulation of microRNA‐214 (miR‐214). By using protector or reporter assays to investigate the activity of the 3'‐untranslated region (UTR) of CTGF/CCN2 mRNA, induction of CTGF/CCN2 expression in HSC by fibrosis‐inducing stimuli was due to reduced expression of miR‐214 which otherwise inhibited CTGF/CCN2 expression by directly binding to the CTGF/CCN2 3'‐UTR. In primary mouse HSC, miR‐214 was co‐expressed with the transcription factor Twist‐1 which is a predicted target of an E box in the miR‐214 promoter. Expression of miR‐214 and Twist‐1 in HSC was dose‐dependently inhibited by ethanol or culture‐induced activation in a manner reciprocal to that of CTGF/CCN2. Transfection of primary D6 HSC (high endogenous Twist‐1 levels) with Twist‐1 siRNA reduced expression of miR‐214, but increased CTGF/CCN2 production. An opposite effect was shown by transfecting P6 HSC (low endogenous Twist‐1 levels) with Twist‐1 expression plasmids. Twist‐1 stimulated luciferase activity in HSC transfected with a wild‐type miR‐214 promoter but not with a mutant miR‐214 promoter lacking the E‐box site. We conclude that CTGF/CCN2 expression in HSC is dynamically regulated by an inhibitory Twist‐1‐miR214 axis. This regulatory mechanism may have utility for therapeutic intervention in pathways of CTGF/CCN2‐dependent fibrosis.


These books are quite useful in tracing how two groups attempted to implement gender equality and, through this effort, developed a growing commitment to this principle as a central tenet of their faith. But each of these books stands on its own as well. Mothers of Feminism will be of interest to those who value a comprehensive treatment of the key figures and movements related to gender in the history of the Quakers, and its influence on the wider women's movement in America. The book is most useful if used in that way, since it does not treat with any depth the theological principles, major writings, or development of the concept of gender equality in Quakerism. Procter-Smith's book is necessary reading for any student of Shakerism, especially those interested in a careful treatment of the status of Shaker women as expressed in liturgical forms. But, again, although much more is done with theological development than in Bacon's book, the focus is directed to that which aids the understanding of Shaker worship and its relationship to social structure. Both of these books make important contributions to a historical understanding of the principle of gender equality, and should be helpful to anyone interested in roots and precedents for current changes in the church. However, there is also need today for constructive theological work to guide the structural and liturgical changes being done to promote gender equality in the church. Thus, more attention must be given to the specifically theological resources from the past that can aid in this constructive work. The Quakers and Shakers, with hundreds of years between them in explicating and implementing the theme of gender equality, are worth examining from theological, as well as liturgical, historical, and structural perspectives.


Philosophy is always linked with a certain form of realism.We should recognize the cultural reason of Homo sapiens,thus offering the existential reason for all philosophies.Culture is a way in which man and nature,man and others get related.To affirm the cultural realism is to recognize man himself and to recognize the realistic and the historical existence of the relation of man to nature and man to others.The affirmation of cultural realism also lies in its objectivity as a realistic existence and as a historical existence.Cultural realism is a structural one as a system and as a whole.It is also a historical one as a system and as development.


Formattings, comments and whitespaces in source code, ie. the documentary structure of the source code should be preserved during program transformations if the produced source is for human consumption. However, program transformations are easier to be described if the documentary structure may be discarded. This paper presents a solution that the documentary structure is detached before the transformations and it is re-attached after the t ransformations. The detached information is stored in three layers: token formattings, comments, and layout, what we call layered representation. This representation is also suitable for analysing and refactoring the documentary structure of the source code. This model is worked out for the F# programming language, and it has been implemented in, too. The proposed approach can be adapted to other programming languages.


Hamiltonian decomposition of direct graph bundles is studied. Based on the recent proof of hamiltonicity of all connected direct graph bundles over hamiltonian base and hamiltonian fibres, we conjecture that all direct graph bundles with fibres and base graphs being hamiltonian decomposable also admit a hamiltonian decomposition. The conjecture is proved for direct bundles over cycles when the nontrivial automorphism is any reflection. We also prove that direct graph bundles with α a cyclic shift when the base cycle is even admit a hamiltonian decomposition. In the case of odd base cycle we look at one partical situation where we can construct a hamiltonian decomposition. Keywords—circulant 2-digraph, cyclic `-shift, direct graph product, direct graph bundle, hamiltonian graph, hamiltonian decomposition, reflection.


In this paper, we investigate the spectrum scheduling problem for next generation multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems under QoS and interference constraints. Based on a constrained optimization problem formulation, we propose a cross-layer scheduling solution that takes into account the unlicensed UWB users channel and QoS conditions as well as the interference impact on primary users sharing the same bandwidth. The cross-layer scheduling scheme is based on a priority approach that gives advantage to users having strict QoS requirements while avoiding or reducing the interference effect on primary users. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of QoS support and interference reduction.


There may be adult educators who wish to alleviate social inequalities but whose practices are wedded to human capital theory In this article, it is argued that educational practices based wholly or partly on human capital theory are unlikely to alleviate social inequities because the theory spawns pedagogical practices that are apolitical, adaptive, and individualistic. By alerting adult educators of the ominous pedagogical implications of human capital theory, it is hoped that they will distance themselves from it and embrace more socially responsible alternatives.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cancer of the thyroid is the sixth common cancer in Korea, and fourth common among the Korean women, in particular. Aming the prevalent carcinomas of thyroid, the papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent type. Genomic instability is the characteristic of nearly all tumors as well as thyroid cancers. However, despite the high frequency of papillary thyroid carcinomas, their chromosomal alterations are poorly characterized in Korea. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to identify genomic imbalances in cancers. In this study, CGH was carried out with the aim of analyzing non-random chromosomal aberrations involved in papillary thyroid carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHOD: CGH was carried out. Biotin-labeled tumor DNA and digoxigenin-labeled normal DNA were co-hybridized to normal metaphase cells. Then, the ratio of fluorescence was analyzed by an image analyzer. In array-CGH, Cy3 labeled tumor DNA and Cy5 labeled normal DNA were hybridized to microarray template, and then image analysis was performed by microarray image analyzer. RESULTS: Gains of 22q13, 6p24, 7p13, 7q21, 7q31, 8q24, 17q24 and 19p13.3 were found frequently. CONCLUSION: Non-random aberrations which were disclosed in this study might be candidate regions for the abnormal genes involved in papillary thyroid cancer


Question: What is the return on investment for having resources dedicated to workforce analytics? In other words, what benefits and cost-savings can our organization expect in exchange for hiring these resources?


ABSTRACT As a showcase for ideal urban visions, Olympic Villages encompass the utopian disposition of the Olympic Games. More precisely, Olympic Villages could be understood as a heterotopia, a theorization that stems from an analysis of their historical, conceptual, and spatial evolution over the course of the Summer Olympic Games. Against this backdrop, we analysed some notable examples of Olympic Villages as we questioned the relationship between their proposed "legacies" and their subsequent integration in the urban realities of their host cities. We conclude that most Olympic Villages have not fulfiled their legacy role as proposed by the IOC. This suggests that we need to further explore the relationship between the host region's urban development and the Olympic Games so that the desired "Olympic legacy" may become part of the daily life of the host cities.


Through an analysis of the relevant European Community ( EC) and European Union (EU) legal bases up to Amsterdam, this chapter traces and presents the origins of a Community competence on migration. It examines the Treaty of Rome, the Single European Act and the Treaty of Maastricht. The chapter discusses about the Schengen Agreements and the importance of their impact on the formation of a Community migration policy. It explores the reasons for the birth of this parallel track and provides an account of the institutional characteristics of this project. The chapter is structured around the two aforementioned themes. Firstly, the competence debate, and secondly, the arduous process of searching for a proper institutional framework during this first stage of migration policymaking. The Single European Act was linked with the re-launching of the common market project, which was renamed the "internal market".Keywords: Amsterdam; European Community ( EC); European Union (EU); migration policy; Schengen Agreements; Single European Act; Treaty of Maastricht; Treaty of Rome


Given a polynomial equation x 3 + ax 2 + bx + c = 0 of degree 3 with real coefficients, we may translate the variable by replacing x with x − to make the quadratic term vanish. We then obtain a simpler equation x 3 + px + q = 0 where Therefore, in order to solve a polynomial equation of degree 3, it is sufficient to solve equations of the form x 3 + px + q = 0.


To investigate a dynamic intercalation behavior of organic anions into layered double hydroxide (LDH) interlayer by ion-exchange, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with the Mg  Al LDH thin fi lm immobilized gold disc (LDH / QC) electrode has been used. A stable minute LDH fi lm was prepared by using translucent aqueous sol of LDH containing OH ¹ ions and magnesium acetate molecule in the interlayer and immobilized on the gold disc after pretreatment of the surface of the supporting silica electrode with hydrophobic agent. In the kinetic analysis, alkyl sulfates having n -alkyl chain (C n H 2 n + 1 , n = 5  12; abbreviated as C n S) were used as guest anions. As the results, the time-dependence on C n S intercalation by ion-exchange with guest OH ¹ ions and magnesium acetate molecules was measured in the cases of C n S ( n ² 7), and the data of C 11 S and C 12 S intercalation were successively analyzed using the rate equation based on the reversible pseud fi rst-order reaction. Finally, the instrumental analyses of the LDH fi lms before and after the intercalation of C 12 S revealed that the organic anions could be intercalated into the LDH interlayer of the LDH / QC electrode in each


The huge growth in the smartphones market has led to the improvement in ARM architectures, so that today there are many devices based on them, with sufficient capacity to deal with certain image processing applications. These are used in VSN (Visual Sensor Networks) and in other scenarios, where the energy used in the process is a parameter to be considered. In these scenarios, and with the HMP (Heterogeneous multi-processing) architectures on which the current platforms are based, it is necessary to determine both the core as well as the working frequency in order to achieve the application's image processing objectives with the least possible energy consumption. In this type of system, the workload is oriented towards interactive applications, so the priorities are different to those of VSN type systems. Conventional regulation algorithms do not make appropriate use of the processor's frequency range, in relation to the load. This paper analyses the influence of the maximum frequency value on system performance and power consumption.


It has long been known that physically equivalent vertical and horizontal stimuli are often perceived as different. The present study examines this phenomenon in the context of motion perception. Participants were asked to judge the speed of stimuli moving in vertical and horizontal directions using the method of constant stimuli. The findings are consistent with previous research in that vertically moving stimuli appear to move relatively faster than horizontal stimuli traveling at the same speed. Further, the axis of focus, i.e., horizontal or vertical, used as the standard for comparison of the two relative velocities, appears to mediate the perceived velocity of the vertically ascending and vertically descending stimuli. These findings may have important implications for the design and implementation of displays that use a combination of both horizontal and vertical indicators.


The Growth Enterprise Market, also known as the second board market, is a convenient and simple financing market for small and medium-sized enterprises that cannot meet the listing conditions of China's main board market in the short term and have a small growth and development space. In my country's Growth Enterprise Market, it has become a gathering place for high-tech companies such as biology and information technology, laying a foundation for my country's future development of high-tech technology, and strengthening my country's comprehensive national strength. This paper uses the DEA-Malmquist index method to analyze the financing performance of 10 listed companies on my country's GEM from 2016 to 2020, and draws the results of the study: different years of financing environment are different, which has a greater impact on the financing performance of GEM companies; Problems in the management of the funds raised by the target company's financing will have a greater negative impact on its financing efficiency.


This is perhaps the first comprehensive book on the subject of gender in Africa from a microeconomic perspective. Targeted toward upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, it provides an overview of many of the key debates among economists regarding gender and development. Although the book covers Africa as a whole, it also draws on insights based on extensive fieldwork Michael Kevane conducted in Burkina Faso and Sudan.


Server replication and multicasting are well-established techniques for increasing the capacity of a networked service and improving client performance. In this paper, we consider the combination of these two techniques. Specifically, we investigate the problem of selecting amongst rate-adaptive multicast servers, which adjust their sending rate based on network conditions and/or feedback from clients. Effective server rate adaptation can lead to efficient utilization of network resources and performance improvement perceived by clients. In this study of adaptive multicast server selection, we explore some fundamental issues and investigate the implications of different selection strategies on the performance perceived by clients. We first formulate several optimization problems based on different performance measures. We prove that the general problem is NP-hard and then present a special case with an optimal polynomial-time solution. We then design several heuristics for the general problem. We investigate the performance of the heuristics through simulation and show that our heuristics can improve the performance perceived by clients over other strategies.


With the large amount of distributed generation in use, the structure of the distribution system is increasingly complex. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method to improve load reliability. Based on the reliability model of distributed generation, this paper investigates the time sequential simulation of a wind/solar/storage combined power supply system under off-grid operation. After classifying the load by power supply region, the load weight coefficient is established, which modifies the reliability index of the load point and system. The modified expected energy not supplied (EENS) is adopted as the objective function, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solving the optimal energy scheduling for improving the load reliability. Finally, the load reliability is calculated with a hybrid method. Using the IEEE-RBTS Bus 6 system as an example, the correctness and validity of the proposed method are verified as an effective way to improve load reliability.


Delirium is a common syndrome that has defied clinical investigation because it is difficult to define and affects a heterogeneous group of patients. The importance of defining the risk factors and natural history of delirium …


The article presents the results of the extraction of plant lysozyme from Armoracia rusticana by specific enzyme-substrate chromatography. A chromatographic curve of lysozyme isolation from the juice part of Armoracia rusticana root crops using as a biospecific sorbent, glucochitin, which is presented. A preparation of lysozyme was obtained from the juice part of the roots of Armoracia rusticana with a specific activity of 217.6 units/mg. The lysozyme, which was examined by gel electrophoresis in 15 % polyacrylamide gel using a calibration curve is characterized by a molecular mass of 12.022 kDa, that confirms that it belongs to low-molecular-weight proteins. The yield of the lysozyme preparation by the total lysozyme activity is 36.8 %. The data obtained allow predicting the prospects of using Armoracia rusticana as a source of plant-based lysozyme.


We investigate changes in operational performance that result from enterprise resource planning (ERP) system implementation. A literature-based and theory-driven model was developed to examine the relationship between ERP system implementation status and operational performance. Data were gathered


We examine how the presentation of accounting cases in narrative (i.e., story‐based) or expository (i.e., fact‐based) style combines with the level of student knowledge to affect two key dimensions of accounting case analyses: acquisition and application of relevant case facts. Results from an experiment with 210 undergraduate students in an introductory financial accounting class indicated that level of student knowledge (measured by course grade) was associated with the acquisition of accounting case facts through a statistically significant main effect. That is, high‐knowledge students acquired a greater number of relevant facts from an accounting case than did low‐knowledge students. The main effect of case presentation style and its interactive effect with student knowledge on case‐fact acquisition were not statistically significant. In a subsequent problem‐solving task, the interaction between case presentation style and student knowledge level exerted a statistically significant effect on the appli...


The superconductor-ferromagnet thin film microstrip heterostructures in lateral geometry were prepared to study the long-range proximity effect. The high temperature superconductor YBa<inf>2</inf>Cu<inf>3</inf>O<inf>x</inf> (YBCO) and La<inf>0.67</inf>Sr<inf>0.33</inf>MnO<inf>3</inf> (LSMO) as ferromagnetic separation were used.


Objective To analysis the anaesthetic methods in transurethral vapor-resection of the prostate for elderly patients.Methods To retrospective analysis the experiences of epidural block anaesthesia in the transurethral vapor-resection of the prostate for 34 elderly cases of hyperplasia of prostate.Results All cases passed the peri-anaesthesia safely and satisfactorily,and no serious complication was found.Conclusion Continuous epidural block anaesthesia is a safe and effective method for the old in transurethral vapor-resection of the prostate.


Linear magnetic birefringence (LMB or the Cotton–Mouton effect) measurements have been performed on single crystals of erbium iron garnet (ErIG) in the 4.2–300‐K temperature range at 1.15 μm wavelength in magnetic fields up to 20 kOe, applied along the three cubic crystallographic directions. Light propagation was parallel to the [110] direction. Except for the [110] direction at low temperatures the LMB is proportional to the internal field, and a strong anisotropy is observed in the whole temperature range. At the compensation temperature (80 K) the ''LMB susceptibilities'' change sign and are found to be proportional to the inverse of the temperature square in a wide range of temperatures. A macroscopic analysis is presented in terms of electric dipole contributions: Thesecond‐order magneto‐optical coefficient of the Er3+ is deduced in the spontaneous state.


The body of literature on ambient air pollution suggests that atmospheric stagnation events trigger high levels of air pollution. In this paper we use fifteen years (2000–2014) of summertime in situ air quality measurements together with meteorological reanalysis data to examine the temporal correlation of pollutants with the Air Stagnation Index (ASI) on daily timescales. We find that while the direction of the relationship between the ASI and summertime PM2.5 and O3 ranges from near-zero to positive throughout regions comprising the contiguous United States (US), the strength of the relationship is very weak (e.g. in the Northeast the correlation coefficient between the ASI and PM2.5 is 0.09). Moreover, similar to our analysis of the correlation of day-to-day variations of the ASI and pollutants, the percentage of co-occurring extreme pollution and stagnation events is small (e.g. days with a high coverage of stagnation only co-occur with extreme pollution events about one-third of the time in the Northeast). The southern US is an exception to our overall findings as the strength of the relationship between the ASI and pollution is stronger and the percentage of co-occurring events is higher compared with other regions. The results of this study suggest a reevaluation of the ASI as an index to assess meteorological and climatic impacts to air quality.


Nearly 50 years have elapsed since the seminal heterosis conference was held at Iowa State College (Gowen, 1952). That conference undoubtedly grew out of the obvious importance of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in the agricultural economy of Iowa and the USA as well as the lack of understanding of the phenomenon of heterosis. Farmers in Iowa rapidly adopted maize hybrids. In just 15 years, Iowa went from 0 to 100% of the maize acreage being planted to hybrids. Gowen (1952) stated the following about hybrid maize "It seems likely that in no other period of like years has there been such an increase in food produced over so many acres of land. The return from hybrid corn has been phenomenal, but it is now evidently approaching an asymptotic value." If only Gowen could have looked ahead 50 years, because the best was yet to come (Fig. 4-1). Disciplines Agricultural Economics | Agricultural Science | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Plant Breeding and Genetics Comments This proceeding was published as Lamkey, K. R. and J. W. Edwards. 1999. Quantitative genetics of heterosis. p. 31-48. In: J.G. Coors and S. Pandey (ed.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops, CIMMYT, Mexico City, Mexico, 17-22 Aug. 1997. Rights Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_conf/65


We propose a new method to create an intelligent Web search agent based on combining rough sets and fuzzy sets. Firstly, we create user profiles which is the important part to approximate query and document. We also design categories of user interests by grouping key terms. We update and create new categories automatically from user feedback. Secondly, we use combined rough and fuzzy sets to refine each query. Each query and document has two parts: a set of core queries and a set of possibly queries. Then we submit a set of queries to WWW search engines. Thirdly, a rough fuzzy set is used to represent each result from WWW search engines. Lastly, we compute a degree of similarity between query and documents for ranking purpose. Using these techniques, we can improve the precision level of the result from WWW search engines that are suitable for individual usage.


With the ever decreasing feature sizes and increasing cost of current and future photolithographic masks the repair of these masks becomes a substantial factor of the total mask production cost. In collaboration NaWoTec GmbH, Carl Zeiss Nano Technology Systems Division and Carl Zeiss Semiconductor Metrology Systems Division have launched a mask repair tool capable of processing a wide variety of mask types, such as quartz binary masks, phase shift masks, EUV masks, and e-beam projection stencil masks. In this paper, besides a brief overview of the tool platform, we will present the automated repair of clear and opaque defects on Cr and MoSi quartz masks. Emphasis will be put onto the resolution and the speed of the repair procedure and the high grade of automation and integration achievable in the repair of highend photomasks. An outlook against the ITRS requirements and the extendibility of the presented solution to further technology nodes will be given in the summary.


Nowadays, despite the popularity of smartphones in our daily lives, emails are still the most widespread way for people to communicate and exchange information in business and many other circumstances. However, a tremendous problem called malicious email, also known as spam, bothers people and demands constant detection and block. This paper discusses machine learning approaches to achieve malicious email detection. The data for training is more than 10,000 raw emails with Chinese text as well as features including server name, IP address, timestamp, and content. First, the contents are split into words via feature engineering. Then, the malicious email detection is carried out by multiple machines learning methods, including Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), respectively. The performance of these models is evaluated by criteria like precision, recall score, F1 score, and time cost. It is shown that the Naïve Bayes model yields the best results, with the F1 score being higher than 97%, which indicates that our model is promising in practice.


: Various saccharification and fermentation conditions were examined to produce bioethanol efficiently from cotton. These conditions indicate liquor-to-sample ratios, amount of cellulase addition, amount of acetic acid buffer solution and the pH of acetic acid buffer solution. These conditions were varied within the range of practical conditions which can be achieved for a dyeing equipment. Furthermore, we adopted room temperature and short time alkali soaking as a pretreatment method. This method also can be achieved for a dyeing equipment. As a result of examinations, we got an optimized condition that was pH 5.0, 20% of cellulase addition for cotton's weight and we also cleared the relationship between liquor-to-sample ratios and obtained glucose concentration through a saccharification. The efficiency of ethanol fermentation was found to be 66-75% of theoretical yield.


Catharanthus roseus is a plant extensively known for its anti-inflammatory potential. In this study the alcoholic extract of flower and leaf of Catharanthus roseus was tested for its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to understand its anti-diabetic potential.Varying concentration of the extracts of leaf and flower were assayed for their inhibitory action [in vitro] on serum amylase, pancreatic amylase, α–amylase from fermented barley and α- glucosidase. Both extracts of the leaf and flower were found to inhibit the enzymes considerably. The leaf extract showed maximum inhibitory action with a concentration of 10 mg/mL [IC50]. IC50 for the flower extract was found to be at a concentration of 12.5mg/mL. Further the anti-oxidant property of the herb was also evaluated by its activity to inhibit lipid per oxidation. Catharanthus roseus extract of leaf and flower exhibit their anti-diabetic effect by inhibiting the enzymes which has a main role in carbohydrate metabolism like α-amylase and α-glucosidase.


This paper examines certain significant practices and customs used by Bosnian Muslims to manage major life cycle events, both as individuals and collectively. The focus is on what is often termed lived everyday religion rather than on normative structures. While the paper looks at Muslims and how they live their religion, without prejudging how aligned that practice is with Orthodox teachings, any discussion of such practices will naturally touch on ethical dilemmas they face as individuals while doing so.


In this thesis, we study conformal field theories (CFTs) with higher-spin symmetry and the renormalization group flows of some models with interactions that weakly break the higher-spin symmetry. When the higher-spin symmetry is exact, we will present CFT analogues of two classic results in quantum field theory: the Coleman-Mandula theorem, which is the subject of chapter 2, and the Weinberg-Witten theorem, which is the subject of chapter 3. Schematically, our Coleman-Mandula analogue states that a CFT that contains a symmetric conserved current of spin s > 2 in any dimension d > 3 is effectively free, and our Weinberg-Witten analogue states that the presence of certain short, higher-spin, "sufficiently asymmetric" representations of the conformal group is either inconsistent with conformal symmetry or leads to free theories in d = 4 dimensions. In both chapters, the basic strategy is to solve certain Ward identities in convenient kinematical limits and thereby show that the number of solutions is very limited. In the latter chapter, Hofman-Maldacena bounds, which constrain one-point functions of the stress tensor in general states, play a key role. Then, in chapter 4, we will focus on the particular examples of the O(N) and Gross-Neveu model in continuous dimensions. Using diagrammatic techniques, we explicitly calculate how the coefficients of the two-point function of a U(1) current and the two-point function of the stress tensor (CJ and CT , respectively) are renormalized in the 1/N and expansions. From the higher-spin perspective, these models are interesting since they are related via the AdS/CFT correspondence to Vasiliev gravity. In addition to checking and extending a number of previously-known results about CT and CJ in these theories, we find that in certain dimensions, CJ and CT are not monotonic along the renormalization group flow. Although it was already known that certain supersymmetric models do not satisfy a "CJ"or "CT "-theorem, this shows that such a theorem is unlikely to hold even under more restrictive assumptions.


Intracerebrovemricular (icv) injection of substance P (10 ng) produced an increase in the mean blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic nerve discharge in urethane anesthetized rats. The same dose of substance P injected by intravenous route produced a transient and marked decrease in mean blood pressure.That the tachycardiac effect of SP was not affected by atropine (0.5 mg/kg, iv) seemed to suggest that tachycardia was resulted from an increase in sympathetic outflow rather than a decrease in vagal discharge.The effects of icv administered substance P were dose-dependently reversed by icv injection of naloxone at dose range of 0.25-64 μg, implying the involvement of endogenous opioids in mediating SP effect.


As the core equipment of power systems, the accurate diagnosis and location of faults in transformers has become a pressing problem in the transformer field. In this paper, the concept of multimodality and zero-sample is integrated into transformer fault diagnosis, and a multimodal zero-sample transformer fault diagnosis model is developed to address the high coupling between transformer faults, the difficulty of collecting some faults and the lack of sample data. The model is based on the semantic embedding of multidimensional information into the attribute feature space to achieve multimodal fusion, which in turn enables a flexible global online supervision mechanism for transformer fault diagnosis system; secondly, considering the problem of missing data and fault location deviation for specific types of faults in transformers, a transformer knowledge map is constructed and a fault attribute matrix is deduced based on expert experience, with the help of its attribute features and fault instance The model is generalised to learn from its attribute features and fault instance classification. The proposed method enables the identification of zero-sample faults and fault-specific localisation in the context of multimodal fusion, with high system flexibility, wide fault coverage and good diagnostic results.


As many readers know, people invest in the stock market to make money, but this investment is associated with the risk of losing money. Fortunately, there are well-known ways to decrease this risk. One strategy is to diversify and invest for the long term. While it is difficult to predict which individual stocks will go down and when, the risk of losing money is reduced by being continually invested in a variety of stocks year after year. Of course, other strategies to make money exist, such as market timing, and there are investors who have made money using them. And, in fact, some of these strategies appear more efficient; that is, their rate of return may be higher. However, in general the increased efficiency of such strategies comes with a greater risk of losing money, including one's initial investment. Recent articles have strongly advocated increased screening intervals for cervical cancer. Sawaya et al.1 examined data from 31,728 women aged 30–64 yr, to determine the risk for women age 30 with three consecutive negative Papanicolaou (Pap) smears if the cervical cancer screening interval were increased from 1 yr to 3 yr. These investigators report that the relative increase in cancer risk over the following 3 yr could be as high as 250%, depending on the age of the woman. However, the maximal absolute increase in case numbers was small; the risk of cancer changed from only from 2 cases per 100,000 women to 5 per 100,000 women. The authors conclude that for women age 30 with three consecutive negative Pap smears, a screening interval of every 3 yr, rather than every year, is a "reasonable" alternative. Such a conclusion would be of great importance, but do their data support this recommendation? There are four issues to consider. First, why is there a need to increase screening intervals? Obviously, this would save money, but it comes at the cost of increased risk, a risk that one must assume is statistically significant, since the authors conspicuously never state that it is not. While the number of cases of cervical cancer increases by only 3/100,000 women, there are millions of women in the United States in this age group, and this would result in hundreds of new cases per year, and thousands of new cases over the lifetimes of most women. Why should women accept this? The Pap test is not perfect, but it is clearly effective. Increasing the screening interval increases its efficiency or return on investment, but decreases its effectiveness. Why take an imperfect test and make it worse? While it is widely acknowledged that recruiting more women into screening programs would be more effective at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer than repeatedly screening the regular participants, there is no evidence that annual screening is preventing recruitment of women into such programs, and no evidence that lengthening the screening interval would increase recruitment. Indeed, annual screening, which may create a feeling of "everyone is doing this," may be an important part of convincing women to enter such programs. The Pap test is one of the very few proven successful screening tests for cancer. Why mess with success? Second, in today's fiscal environment, it is naive to believe that longer screening intervals will only be used as a "reasonable alternative" to annual screening. All insurers are looking for ways to save money. A recommendation such as this, which is less expensive than annual screening, will almost certainly become the only alternative paid for by the insurance companies. Once screening intervals have been increased, it will become all but impossible to shorten them again. In effect, the recommendations of Sawaya et al.1 are not simply a "reasonable alternative" that a patient may select in conjunction with her doctor, but a mandate that will almost certainly become the only option available. Knowing this outcome, a more reasonable standard would be one that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has used for all new cervical cytology screening devices: new Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami, Florida *Correspondence to: Andrew A. Renshaw, Baptist Hospital of Miami, 8900 North Kendall Drive, Miami, FL 33176. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted 26 November 2003 DOI 10.1002/dc.20035 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).


Using operations of cyclic sequencing and cyclic paralleling of the modified algebra of algorithms we have built compact model of decomposition of the formulas processing system of algebra of algorithms. We have developed the generalized abstract model of user graphic interface of a computer system. Based on the generalized model we have created the model of a user interface fragment for formulas processing of algorithm algebra.


A spattering device (1) has first to fourth targets (21a) to (21d). The first and second targets (21a, 21b) are disposed so that their surfaces face each other. The third and fourth targets (21c, 21d) are also disposed so that their surfaces face each other. When a dielectric film is formed, the first and second targets (21a, 21b) and the third and fourth targets (21c, 21d) are alternately spattered. When two of the targets (21a to 21d) with their surfaces facing each other are spattered, the other two of the targets (21a to 21d) function as the earth. As the result, abnormal electric discharge can be suppressed.


In the intelligent transportation system, traffic signs are hindered by external and internal factors such as light, weather and shelter, which is easy to lead to identification errors. In view of this problem, this paper selects the identification of traffic signs based on LeNet-5 network model. In order to reduce the burden of convolutional neural network and improve the resolution, this paper collects traffic sign images from the actual environment, and first performs a series of preprocessing operations for GTSRB data set, including image gray, size normalization and image enhancement. The preprocessed GTSRB data set helps identify subsequent convolutional neural network with LeNet-5 classical model. The experimental results show that the algorithm has high recognition rate and great advantages in traffic sign recognition.


Maintenance of complex business applications is challenging for software services industry. The maintenance team inherits the software with little design and implementation knowledge. The client-facing team gathers an ad-hoc architectural description of some sort and communicates the same to the geographically distributed maintenance team through informal box and line diagrams. This information is poorly understood, and the underlying architectural constraints are never enforced. This paper proposes a type system to model the architecture of a complex enterprise IT system using Acme architecture description language and reports a modeling approach to capture various architectural design decisions architects perform as a part of the architecture review. An initial field-study to evaluate the usefulness of such modeling has been encouraging.


Abstract Many bruchids distribute their eggs uniformly among the host seeds available to them and tend to avoid adding eggs to seeds bearing any eggs if pristine seeds remain. Several authors have postulated that the adult cowpea seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), produce pheromones inhibiting oviposition by females exposed to them. It is shown that both sexes produce compounds which can be washed from glass surfaces in a variety of organic solvents which do not deter oviposition as such, but seeds coated with such washings are avoided by ovipositing females when they are selecting seeds for egg‐laying and uncoated seeds are available. Some components, at least, of the products persist for at least 30 days, longer than the normal development time of insects in the seeds. The compounds affect the distribution of eggs among the available seeds. At least three different biotypes of the species produce, recognize, and respond in the same way to each other's products. It is emphasized that the eggs themselves may not be the site of the product produced by females but that the physical presence of eggs cannot be overlooked in any discussion of the possible role of pheromones in oviposition and egg distribution by bruchids.


The question as to which "natural" sequences contain infinitely many primes is of considerable fascination to the number-theorist. One such "natura" sequence is [ n c [ where [·] denotes integer part. Piatetski-Shapiro [10] showed that there are infinitely many primes in this sequence for 1 c n c [ for all c ee[1, ∞)/ℤ. Deshouillers [3] showed that this is almost always true, in the sense of Lebesgue measure on [1, ∞). Balog [2] improved and generalized this result to show that, for almost all c > 1, where


This paper proposes a new method for the interpolation of Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) applied to the generation of 3-D binaural sound, especially when dealing with moving sound sources indoors. The method combines a modified linear interpolation strategy with a representation of the auditory space based on spatial characteristic functions (SCFs), previously known from the literature. The main idea here is to associate the low complexity the SCF-based representation yields in the multi-source case with the inherent simplicity of the linear interpolation. Complexity issues are discussed. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated against the direct bilinear interpolation of HRTFs, using Spatial Frequency Response Surfaces (SFRSs).


Twenty tales selected from the popular novel Liao chai chih yi by P'u Sung-Ling are here retold in simple Chinese for the beginning student. The text is at the 600 character level, and is given in both complex and traditional characters and both Yale and pinyin romanization.


A method is described by which Gastrophilus intestinalis eggs were incubated, disinfected externally, and artificially stimulated to hatch in vitro. The percentage of larvae hatched varied directly with increasing differences between incubation and stimulation temperatures. Over 80% of the larvae hatched from eggs that had embryonated for at least 8 days at 24 C, then were disinfected at 5 C, and stimulated to hatch by suddenly adding Tyrode's balanced salt solution at a temperature of 44 C. In roller-tube cultures containing horse serum, Tyrode's solution (with or without glucose), antibiotics, and an atmosphere of 5% CO-95% No, at least 73% of the first instar larvae were actively motile for 48 hr. The in vitro culture of parasitic organisms is one of the more challenging goals of parasitology. The usual point of departure for in vitro studies is an attempt to duplicate in the laboratory certain of the natural environmental situations of the parasite. Several authors (Lapage, 1958; USDA, 1959; Wells and Knipling, 1938) have outlined the life cycle of Gastrophilus intestinalis, the common botfly of the horse. In that part of the life cycle applicable to this research, the female botfly cements one to four eggs per hair for a total of about 500 eggs near the distal end of the hairs on the forelegs, mane, belly, neck, and flanks of the horse. The eggs are fully embryonated in about 76 hr at 33 to 34 C and are ready to hatch on the 5th day. Embryonation may be delayed by lower temperatures. The principal stimulus for the larvae to hatch is a sudden rise to a favorable temperature as provided by the warm moist lips of the horse. The newly hatched larvae promptly burrow into the tissues of the tongue and remain there for 24 to 28 days before continuing the parasitic phase of their life cycle. The practical application of the use of hot water as a hatching stimulus for Gastrophilus larvae has been reported (Wells and Knipling, 1938). The infested areas of the horse were sponged with ample water at 104 to 118 F on a day when the air temperature was 60 F (15.6 C) or below. The larvae thus stimulated Received for publication 15 February 1967. * From a general study on equine parasites initiated by Merck, Sharp and Dohme, Inc. and the Research Council of Texas A & M University and with continued financial support from the American Quarter Horse Association through the Morris Animal Foundation. to hatch died of exposure. The authors state that this method resulted in elimination of about 95% of the latent larvae. Wehr (1933) hatched larvae by vigorously stirring egg-bearing hairs submerged in warm water (100 to 105 F) in a Syracuse watch glass. This paper presents a method for disinfecting the eggs, then hatching and maintaining the first-instar larvae in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eggs of G. intestinalis were collected by clipping hairs from the forelegs and shoulders of an infested horse. The eggs were examined microscopically and only apparently normal eggs were included in these experiments.


The principal aim of this research is to improve the seismic performance of non-ductile reinforced columns using fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) by mixing steel fiber into the concrete. Two reinforced concrete columns 200mm x 300mm in cross-section with a height of 1250 mm were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The first specimen was casted using normal strength concrete of 24 MPa and the second specimens were also casted using similar concrete with similar strength but the steel fiber of 1% was added to the concrete in the plastic hinge region. The axial load for all specimens was 300 kN and kept constant during the test. The test results showed that the use of FRC in the plastic hinge region could significantly improve column displacement ductility. The maximum drift at lateral strength loss at 3.7% for non-ductile column could increase to 6% in FRC column. It is evident that the cracks in FRC column are much smaller and more widely spread in the plastic hinge region and hence the plastic hinge could be able to rotate without lateral strength being compromised. In FRC column, concrete spalling was observed in a very high drift (5%) and bar buckling occurred at around 6% drift whilst in non-ductile column concrete spalling and bar buckling occurred at 2.5% and 3% drift respectively. It was evident that the use of steel fiber in non-ductile columns could significantly improve seismic performance of the column.


A self-contained lathe that can be transported on highways and used at roadside landings was tested at Boise Cascade Paper Solution's hybrid poplar farm (now owned by GreenWood Resources) near Boardman, Oregon. A hundred trees ranging from 6 to 11 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) were delimbed, then bucked into 50.5-inch bolts, and the dimensions of each bolt were recorded. The bolts were then processed by the portable lathe. The time to process each bolt and the amount of veneer produced from each were recorded. Results showed that on average approximately two-thirds of the solid volume of each bolt were converted into veneer. Veneer yield was higher for larger bolts, although recovery from butt bolts was lower than that for upper bolts of the same small-end diameter. Lathe productivity was strongly dependent on bolt diameter and ranged from about 40 ft 3 of veneer per productive machine hour (PMH) for bolts of 5-inch small end d.i.b., to 120 ft 3 /PMH for 11-inch bolts.


We report results from an updated study of the suppressed decays B (cid:1) ! DK (cid:1) , and the b by the (cid:1) D 0 ! K þ (cid:1) (cid:1) . We also report an analysis of the decay B (cid:1) ! D ð(cid:2)Þ (cid:1) (cid:1) with the D decaying into the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed mode D ! K þ (cid:1) (cid:1) . Our results are based on 467 (cid:3) 10 6 (cid:2) ð 4 S Þ ! B (cid:1) B decays collected with the BABAR detector at SLAC. We measure the ratios R ð(cid:2)Þ of the to as well as the CP asymmetries A ð(cid:2)Þ of those modes. We see indications of signals for the B (cid:1) ! DK (cid:1) and B (cid:1) ! D (cid:2) D(cid:1) 0 K (cid:1) suppressed modes, with statistical significances of 2.1 and 2 : 2 (cid:3) , respectively, and we measure: 77 35 12 ; 10 36 (cid:5) 0 : 94 þ 0 : 25 0 : 41 , where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We use a frequentist approach to obtain the magnitude of the ratio r B (cid:6) j A ð B (cid:1) ! (cid:1) D 0 K (cid:1) Þ =A ð B (cid:1) ! D 0 K (cid:1) Þj ¼ ð 9 : 5 þ 5 : 1 (cid:1) 4 : 1 Þ % , with r B < 16 : 7% at 90% confidence level. In the case of B (cid:1) ! D (cid:2) K (cid:1) we find r (cid:2) B (cid:6) j A ð B (cid:1) ! (cid:1) D (cid:2) 0 K (cid:1) Þ =A ð B (cid:1) ! D (cid:2) 0 K (cid:1) Þj ¼ ð 9 : 6 þ 3 : 5 (cid:1) 5 : 1 Þ % , with r (cid:2) B < 15 : 0% at 90% confidence level.


The Ruffey Creek catchment is a 10km2 catchment in eastern Melbourne. AECOM were commissioned by Melbourne Water and Manningham City Council to develop a TUFLOW model of the catchment, which will be used to assess the flood risk related to their assets. Of note is that the modelled council pipe network contains over 9,000 pipes, with a pit connection to the two-dimensional grid at almost every pipe junction, resulting in a model with over 19,000 one-dimensional elements and 690,000 two-dimensional grid cells. Models of this complexity often require extensive troubleshooting but ultimately give stakeholders a more complete understanding of flood behaviour. Distribution of inflows across all pits in the catchment resulted in widespread shallow flooding, with approximately 236,000 wet cells at the peak of the 100 year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) flood event. Widespread shallow flooding involves a large number of cells wetting and drying during any given time step. Variations in time step and wet / dry depth were tested. Lowering the time step for the two-dimensional domain from 1s to 0.5s caused the final mass error to increase from -0.3% to 2.7% in the 100 year ARI, 30 minute event. Increasing the cell wet / dry depth from 0.002m to 0.05m caused peak cumulative error to quadruple and final cumulative error to be about twenty times as large. Decreasing the cell wet / dry depth to 0.0002 and reducing the time step from 0.75s reduced peak mass balance error in the two-dimensional domain from -6.1 to -4.1% in the 100 year ARI, 2 hour event. Modifications to the software further reduced it significantly, to around +/-0.1% in many cases. In the one-dimensional domain, input data quality was a significant issue. The method adopted to calculate losses at manholes in TUFLOW for this project was the Engelhund Approach, which takes the difference in orientation between inlet and outlet pipes into account. Often mass balance errors occurred where the nature of the pipe network was not completely captured by the GIS data. This paper addresses how the implementation of the Engelhund Manhole Loss Approach resulted in significant improvements in model stability and mass balance errors caused by the pipe network.


The invention discloses a method, network equipment and a system for detecting an IP (Internet Protocol) address conflict, which are applied to SUPERVLAN (Super Virtual Local Area Network) networking. The SUPERVLAN networking at least comprises two VLANs. The method for detecting the IP address conflict comprises a receiving step and a matching step, wherein in the receiving step, the SUPERVLAN network equipment receives an ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) message which is sent by a first host in a first VLAN; in the matching step: a matched host address is searched in the cache of the network equipment according to a source IP address in the ARP message, i.e. the address of the first host; and the IP address conflict is judged to occur if a second host is located in the second VLAN, and the address of the second host is identical to the source IP address. The invention can effectively detect the IP address conflict under the condition of not increasing excessive traditional flows.


In this letter, we discuss our technique for fabricating a vertically stacked ReRAM device composed of one selector and one resistor (1S-1R). We demonstrate that the nanoscale via-hole structure and 1-kb array architecture of selector device exhibit higher current density ( ~ 107 A/cm2) and reliability, and we introduce bipolar resistive switching element-a conductive-bridge RAM that can be stacked on top of the selector device. The resulting integrated 1S-1R device performs robust bipolar switching operations and significantly reduces the leakage current in cross-point applications.


In the oil field development and production, fluid flow is an extremely important parameter which determines the transmission characteristics of the oil production, real-time monitoring of fluid flow parameter provides a scientific basis for oil and gas optimization exploration and increase of reservoir recovery. A method for interrogating fiber optic sensors using flow-induced pipe vibration is proposed, then the fixed relationship between standard deviation of pipe wall's vibration induced by fully developed turbulence and mean flow rate is determined.The advantage of this method is applicable to small flow measurement with non-intrusively.


The closed-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) has not reached the worldwide level of success that was expected inspite of the strongly desirable features of this concept and the success of several large closed-cycle power plants operating in Western Europe today. However, an assessment of the CCGT's future has recently been made at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT), and IGT has shown that due to innovative developments in technologies relevant to the development of CCGT's, coupled with worldwide changes in some economic factors, the CCGT could become a successful competitor of other externally fired power plants and also of internal combustion engines, especially in sizes ranging from 200 to 5000 kW. Documentation of data recently published in the technical literature and some recent relevant developments at IGT in the area of combustion, show a promising future for the cost. 13 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.