Mechanical trauma to the valves of the heart has long been known to be the most reliable experimental method of production of bacterial endocarditis.1The first attempt by this method is attributed to Rosenbach (1878),2who in dogs and rabbits succeeded in producing a bacterial endocarditis by injuring the aortic cusps with a nonsterile rod passed through the carotid artery. As the traumatizing agent, Ribbert (1885)3used suspensions of staphylococci and starch granules from potato cultures; Fulci (1908),4bacteria in carbon suspension; Panichi and Guelfi (1909),5bacteria and carcinoma cells; Viti (1912),6a medium composed of sterile flour and bacteria. Regardless of the nature of the traumatizing agent, a bacterial endocarditis ensued in the injured valves upon implantation of the bacteria. Equally successful was an experiment by Kinsella and Hayes (1927),7who induced bacterial endocarditis in dogs by injuring the aortic valves with


The concept of using autonomous intelligent agents in automated manufacturing processes has been recognised as having the potential to provide benefits in terms of production scheduling and faster recovery of plant systems in the event of a failure. The implementation of these ideas within production systems, however, are hampered by the technology available at present for programming industrial control systems, as well as a reluctance by users to accept alternative working practices and techniques. This presentation presents an overview of current software design techniques used in manufacturing industry, outline some of the new approaches which are starting to become available and present the commercial and technical challenges which need to be addressed before manufacturing systems based on intelligent agents can be implemented in practice.


The term "scientific publication" includes several types of scientific communications and digital broadcasts that scientific researchers make of their work towards their peers and an audience of specialists. These publications describe in detail the studies or experiments carried out and the conclusions drawn from them by the authors. They undergo an examination of the value of the results and the rigor of the scientific method used for the work carried out. In this paper we evaluated the quality of a scientific article on the subject (topic), based on its citations and where is it cited, we based on the Topic modeling theme with the choice of LDA algorithms applied to the corpus Nips (1987-2016) for detecting all subjects of each paper and there citations in a first step then on the citations of each article of the corpus and on the Sentiment Analysis using a lexical based approaches. Then we created a csv file containing the link of each paper with the other cited papers (relation cited-citing), and finally generated a semantic graph between these publications.


To determine the effect of task duration and its sensitivity to total sleep loss, measures of speed and accuracy on the Wilkinson addition test were obtained from 11 Navy enlisted men for 4 baseline days and 2 days without sleep. The number of additions attempted decreased significantly from the baseline level after 10 min. of testing on the first deprivation day and after 6 min. on the second day. 50 min. of testing were required to detect a significant decrease in accuracy from baseline on the first deprivation day, while 10 min. were required on the second day.


Transition metal phosphides are a group of compounds with interesting chemical/physical properties and potential applications in various fields, such as electronics, magnetism, photonics, catalysis, and so on1–4. In particular, metal phosphides (e.g. MoP, Ni2P, WP, Fe2P and Co2P) have been used as catalysts and extensively studied for hydrotreating reactions5–8. Among these phosphides, MoP, Ni2P and WP catalysts have shown significant promise in this regard because of their high activities and resistance to poisoning9–10. Therefore, they have been gradually explored as catalysts in many reactions, including N2H4 decomposition 11,12, carbon dioxide reforming of methane13, hydrogen evolution reaction2,14 and hydrogen oxidation reaction15. However, compared with phosphides of metals (Ni, Mo and W), Fe2P has received far less attention due to its poor activity in hydrotreating reactions6. Recently, it has been found that a highly dispersed Fe2P catalyst on activated carbon showed better performance and stability than an iron catalyst16. Yet its general catalytic properties have not been explored, and this remains an area of considerable challenge. In this study, we firstly report that Fe2P has a much higher catalytic activity for NO dissociation than phosphides of Ni, Mo, W and Co. In view of this unprecedented activity, Fe2P was selected as the representative of phosphides to investigate the genuine nature of these catalysts for catalytic removal of NO. Although the activity and reaction mechanism of Fe2P catalyst for NO reduction with H2 had been studied in our previous letter17, some important details were still missing about the development of a catalytic cycle in phosphide-catalyzed NO reduction reaction. Currently, the NO/CO reaction was used as a probe reaction to study the catalytic nature of Fe2P catalyst. The route for keeping the catalyst stable and active was further perfected.


Nancey Murphy's offer to take us "beyond liberalism and fundamentalism" is an exciting one: Who wants to be caught in the clutches of a fruitless theological dispute? She argues that the key to our escape is "Anglo-American postmodernity." I analyze what Murphy means by this term and why it may turn out to be a more precarious escape route than one might think. Holism or "post-foundationalism" is indeed inescapable for science/religion discussions today, but an inclusivist holism is preferable to Murphy's insular holism


We studied morphological change of blood cells in hemolymph of Scapharca broughtonii after immunostimulation with pathogenic Vibrio anguillarum observed under oil immersion lens of Leica microscope in two regular anticoagulants.Morphological change of red blood cells,white blood cells,and thrombus cells were common in hemolymph due possibly to stress response of immune defense.Red cells often showed amitosis and split,and were often involved in phagocytosis.Deformation,phagocytosis,and fusion were common for white cells,and white cells were involved in the clots formation for their viscous mobility surface.Thrombocytes had adhesion and coagulation properties,and occasionally,they were found bacteria adhesion and phagocytosis.In addition,we tested the anticoagulation effect by the two anticoagulants,showing that the two anticoagulants could prevent white cells or thrombocytes from coagulation by changing their cell-surface characteristics.Therefore,they could be used as reliable anticoagulants.The immunological function played by each type of blood cells is very clear in cellular immunity.The morphological changes and immunological function enriched our understanding on blood immunological mechanism of Scapharca broughtonii,and may help develop anticoagulants.


A four-point ternary interpolatory subdivision scheme with variable parameters is presented.It is shown that for a certain range of the variable parameters the resulting curves is convergence,C ~1 and C ~2,respectively.


Concrescence is an uncommon developmental anomaly in which juxtaposed teeth are united in the cementum but not in the dentin. The incidence of concrescent teeth is reported to be highest in the posterior maxilla. The purpose of this article is to report two cases of concrescence between an impacted third molar and an erupted second molar that was identified post extraction.


256 Background: Chemotherapy regimens for early-stage breast cancer have been extensively tested by randomized clinical trials, and specified by evidence based-practice guidelines. However, little is known about the translation of trial results and guidelines to oncology practice.

METHODS
We extracted individual-level data on chemotherapy administration from the electronic medical records of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), a pre-paid integrated health-care delivery system serving 29% of the local population. We linked data to the California Cancer Registry, incorporating demographic and tumor factors, and performed multivariable logistic regression analyses on the receipt of specific chemotherapy regimens.

RESULTS
We identified 6,178 women diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer at KPNC during 2004 to 2007; 2,735 (44.3%) received at least one chemotherapy infusion at KPNC within 18 months of diagnosis. Factors associated with receiving chemotherapy, and specifically receiving anthracyclines, taxanes, and/or trastuzumab, included young age, large tumor size, involved lymph nodes, hormone receptor-negative or HER2/neu-positive tumors, and high tumor grade; comorbid conditions were inversely associated with chemotherapy use (heart disease for anthracyclines, neuropathy for taxanes). We observed less chemotherapy use by unmarried women, less anthracycline and taxane use by low-socioeconomic status (SES) non-Hispanic whites, and more anthracycline use by high-SES Asian/Pacific Islanders (versus high-SES non-Hispanic whites). Concordance with relevant measures of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) was highest among younger women with larger, higher grade tumors.

CONCLUSIONS
In this health care organization with essentially equal access, we discovered that chemotherapy use was concordant with practice guidelines, yet may vary according to socio-demographic factors. These findings may inform efforts to optimize treatment, and guide studies of quality in breast cancer care.


Late revision nerve surgery for incomplete motor recovery due to partial reinnervation would improve muscle function if all muscle fibers were protected from developing denervation atrophy.


It is frequently assumed that safe storage gun laws reduce accidental gun deaths and total suicides, while the possible impact on crime rates are ignored. However, given existing work on the adverse impact of other safety laws, such as safety caps for storing medicine, even the very plausible assumption of reduced accidental gun deaths cannot be taken for granted. Our paper analyzes both state and county data spanning nearly twenty years, and we find no support that safe storage laws reduce either juvenile accidental gun deaths or suicides. Instead, these storage requirements appear to impair people?s ability to use guns defensively. Because accidental shooters also tend to be the ones most likely to violate the new law, safe storage laws increase violent and property crimes against low risk citizens with no observable offsetting benefit in terms of reduced accidents or suicides. During the first five full years after the passage of the safe storage laws, the group of fifteen states that adopted these laws faced an annual average increase of over 300 more murders, 3,860 more rapes, 24,650 more robberies, and over 25,000 more aggravated assaults. On average, the annual costs borne by victims averaged over $2.6 billion as a result of lost productivity, out-of-pocket expenses, medical bills, and property losses.


ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the effect of tourists' mindfulness on the perceived value of travel experience (PVTE) through destination images (cognitive, affective, and conative) and tourist experiences. Data (n = 370) were gathered using a self-administered structured questionnaire distributed to travellers departing from Lisbon International airport towards Spain in July 2017. The results show the important role of mindfulness in shaping all dimensions of destination image. Tourist experience acts as a mediator between destination images and PVTE. However, perceived authenticity does not have a moderating, but rather a controlling effect on the relationship between tourist experience and PVTE. From a theoretical point of view, the study makes important contribution in conceptualising the influence of a tourist's mindfulness on PVTE through destination image components and tourist experience. From a practical perspective, it offers practitioners and DMOs valuable insights into the effective design and implementation of suitable destination marketing activities.


Abstract. The present study dictates the behavior of shear wall under a seismic event in slender high rise buildings, and studies the effect of height, location and distribution of shear wall in slender high rise building with and without boundary elements induced by the effect of an earthquake. Shear walls are located at the sides of the building, to counter the earthquake forces. This study is carried out in a 12 storeys building using SAP2000 software. The obtained results disclose that the behavior of the structure is definitely affected by the height and location of shear walls in slender high rise building. The stresses are concentrated at the limit between the shear wall region and the upper non shear wall especially for shear walls without columns. Displacements are doubled between the shear wall region and the upper non shear wall especially for shear walls without columns.


s: In order to study flood behavior and its control and prediction, different methods were used. Flood routing method is one of these solutions. Now days, new technique, with using neural and artificial network (base an artificial intelligence) have grate usage at different field of science especially in water science. Maroon River was chosen as case study. For achieving this goal, small length of Ahwaz- Farsiyat, has been selected in order to use supplement neural system and (ff, MLP and RBF methods), have been done for determination number and time delay. For entrance data at Genetic Algorithm, a methods cress (correlation), time series were been used. Besides, with using genetic algorithm from layer number, number of grids at hidden layer were typed then transport equation and network algorithm were been optimized perfectly. Total process of Training and model testing have been done with neuronal solutions software, the results show that cress correlation methods are able to show acceptable number and timing delay are effecting factor for inlet data. Moreover, comparison model output with actual values show that, MLP model have better flexibility and accuracy than models of Mike 11 and maskingham methods in order to flood predicting.


This work uses data from recent sources to characterize the current status of Ecuadorian women in several areas of significance for formulation of social policy responsive to the specific needs of women. The work assesses methods of describing and analyzing gender inequalities using data available in Ecuador presents specific indicators of gender differences in population employment and education; and relates gender differences in education to levels of poverty.


Competition mechanisms among adjacent plants are not well understood. This study compared corn growth and yield responses to water, N, and shade at 74,500 plants ha -1 1 (×) with responses to water and N when planted at 149,000 plant ha -1 . Plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, reflectance, and enzyme expression (transcriptome analysis) were measured at V-12. Grain and stover yields were measured with grain analyzed for 13 C isotopic discrimination (Δ) and N concentration. At V-12, 60% shade plants had increased chlorophyll and reduced leaf area and height compared to full sun plants. In the 2x treatment, plants had 11% less chlorophyll than 1× plants with leaf area and height similar to 60% shade plants. At harvest, plants in the 2x treatment were smaller, had increased water and N use efficiency, and an 11% per hectare yield increase compared with the 1× unstressed treatment. Per-plant yields from 60% shade and 2x treatments were 50% less than 1× unstressed treatment. Yield reduction in shaded plants was attributed to light stress. Lower yield in the 2x treatment was attributed to a population-density induced 20% decrease in the red/near-infrared (NIR) ratio, which resulted in downregulation of C 4 carbon metabolism enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase). Although the net impact of high plant density and shade stress on per-plant yield were similar, the stress compensation mechanisms differed.


Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in the high-frequency range is subject to attenuation, which limits its application in many fields, such as underground water detection and other near-surface geological
studies. We built a very low-frequency GPR system based on a vector network analyser (VNA) and developed the system controlling software using visual basic for application (VBA). We also built a wire-line antenna with a central frequency of 10 MHz on the ground. Results from an experiment on a water reservoir dam showed that the system works well.
Active fault evaluation is important for city planning and construction. The soil layer in Changchun City, Northeast China, has low-resistivity and a depth of 10–20 metres. It is difficult for conventional GPR systems to detect bedrock in Changchun City. In this paper, we investigate the active fault in Changchun City using the very low-frequency step-frequency GPR system. The results from the step-frequency GPR shows clearly the undulation of the bedrock. From this and the resistivity soundings we are able to interpret the location and the depth of the fault.


Calculations and test results are given about the feed-power requirement of airplanes with boundary-layer control. Curves and formulas for the rough estimate of pressure-loss and feed-power requirement are set up for the investigated arrangements which differ structurally and aerodynamically. According to these results the feed power for three different designs is calculated at the end of the report.


The importance of IT security grows year by year. Cyber-attacks are getting more sophisticated, less detectable and our only option is to make the defense stronger and stronger. These attacks are executed from various places in the world and the nature of the Internet itself predicts their global impact. To be successful in detection of such attacks, we need to utilize every possible source of information. The useful source of information is represented by log files that are generated by every major application, service or component of system. For analysis and management of these log files we can use much kind of tools. One of them - Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) - is the subject of this contribution. SIEM is an inseparable part of every information system, which contains sensitive (client) data and can provide one layer of defense, for example zero-day threat detection and immediate alerting. These abilities are inseparable part of every modern security system.


Objective To investigate the serum level of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, and to evaluate its diagnostic value and the relation of ucMGP to inflammation and ossification process in AS. Methods Eight-two AS patients and 76 healthy controls were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. The clinical indices (age, gender, course of disease, disease activity), changes in radiographic studies, and indices of bone metabolism or inflammation, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), osteocalcin (OC), and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were evaluated or measured. The disease activity was assessed by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and changes in radiographic pictures were evaluated according to the modified Stoke AS Spine Score (mSASSS), and serum level of ucMGP was measured by a competitive ELISA. The relationship between ucMGP and clinical indexes, radiographic scoring, indices in bone metabolism or inflammation was estimated by SPSS software, and the diagnostic value of ucMGP was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The levels of ESR and CRP in AS patients were higher than those in healthy controls, but the serum ucMGP was lower (2958±654nmol/L) compared with healthy controls (4551±1036nmol/L, P 0, r=-0.715, P 1, r=-0.741, P 10, r=-0.776, P<0.01; mSASSS <10, r=-0.297, P=0.028). Conclusion Serum ucMGP may serve as a diagnostic biomarker of AS and progression index of ossification, especially in late stage of AS.


OBJECTIVE
To discuss the safety and feasibility of hepatectomy for huge primary liver cancer (PLC).

METHODS
The effect of resection of huge PLC was examined retrospectively. Some problems about resection of huge PLC were discussed.

RESULTS
In 171 patients with huge PLC undergoing hepatectomy, 2 (1.2%) died in one month after operation. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates of the patients were 66.1%, 42.1%, 32.7%, 12.2% and 2.3%, respectively. The effect of prolonging survival time was significant.

CONCLUSION
Hepatectomy for huge PLC is safe, feasible, and effective.


Letter plus envelope from Alma Gatewood to Perry discussing the baptistry painting Gatewood painted for the church in Salt Lake City, Utah.


This paper reviews work that tests (1) how formal and informal institutions, and especially their interaction, affect participation in the shadow economy in transition countries; and (2) how participating in these shadow economies affects individuals' well-being. The key findings are that a clash of individuals' perceptions of formal institutions with their informal institutions increases involvement in the shadow economy. Conversely, a trustworthy relationship with the government and other individuals makes people more inclined to comply. The importance of their social and institutional context also appears in how individuals' involvement in the shadow economy relates to their well-being. These findings complement insights from the rich literature on tax morale, on the exchange between public institutions and citizens and between culture and institutions more generally. The findings also contribute to the institutional economic literature by empirically showing that: (1) focusing on formal institutions alone, that is strengthening the rule of law, is a necessary but insufficient response to the shadow economy; (2) taking informal institutions, such as individuals' trust and tax morale, into account is of equal importance; and (3) most importantly, formal and informal institutions go hand in hand, and their interaction should be an essential part of the new institutional perspective.


Promoting effective use of woody biomass as sustainable energy resource is essential. Woody biomass is generally traded by weight in the wood market, but timber is traded by volume in biomass use. In recent years, a power wholesaler and a fuel supplier tend to buy timber as woody biomass in the market, because the price of timber has been dropped. In order to evaluate disadvantages for the people engaged in forestry when trading low-price timber in the market, we investigated the underestimation of log volume and related issues at two wood markets in southern Mie prefecture. As a result, the lengths of all measured logs were evaluated as short. Moreover, the estimated volume of logs calculated by the Smalian's formula based on measured values were 1.116 to 1.444 times higher than trading volume of logs in the markets.


Over the last three decades, a variety of models have been developed in order to predict the life of components under fatigue. Some of the models are based on the definition of the fatigue process as a combination of the phases of crack initiation and crack propagation, considering component life as the sum of the duration of each phase. Other models consider only one of the phases; some consider only initiation while others only propagation, though in this case, from cracks with lengths in the order of the microstructural dimensions. This article will carry out a comparative analysis of the methods that consider life as the sum of the duration of both phases. In this same line, it proposes yet another method, which simulates crack growth according to damage theories. In analysing the behaviour of each model, this paper will describe various elements: the prediction that each of them produces regarding notched specimens submitted to testing, the advantages and inconveniences of each, and lastly, the possibilities of applying each of the models to more realistic geometries.


The Belgrade revolt of June 1903 meant much more than the replacement of the Obrenovic by the Karadjordjevic dynasty. It symbolized the beginning of the transformation of both the domestic and the foreign policies of the Kingdom of Serbia. Political democratization and economic development were contingent on ending the Austro-Hungarian domination of Serbia, which was based on the Secret Treaty of 1881, and on reorienting the Kingdom's foreign relations. Instead of subservience to the Dual Monarchy, Serbia's foreign policy after 1903 was to be based on cooperation with Russia and with her Slavic neighbour to the east, Bulgaria. ! Such a reorientation of Serbia's foreign policy was dictated by the country's national interests and it corresponded to the mood of the nation, as well as the views of the new king and the new ruling circles, the military and the Radicals. King Peter's Panslavic leanings were well known2 and so were those of the Radical party, which, whether in or out of power, was destined to dominate the life of the Kingdom of Serbia for the rest of its existence. Indeed, from its very foundation in 1881, the Radical party had


Taking the orthogonal girder bridge, skew girder bridge and curved girder bridge as analysis objects, the using status on the supporting system of concrete girder bridges in China are introduced to evaluate technical condition of supporting system of the existing girder bridge, including the typical disease form, disease mechanism and its effect on the performance of the whole girder bridge structure. Some evaluation methods and means on the existing technical condition of supporting system are discussed.


In Ecuador, the business requirements for software projects change constantly and for that reason the need for quality is becoming more and more demanding. Quality assurance is essential in any product development enterprise. Since the products will be used by a third person it is always expected that they provide a good quality standard and that they adjust to the customers needs...


Even if one kind of precisely adjusting the exposure during the self-timer exposure control device operator. Area integrating circuit a captured image into a central region and the peripheral region of the region corresponding to the video signal is integrated. When the personal computer user to set T of the image pickup direction to the self-unit, a microcomputer control by the number of the respective regions multiplied by a weight such that the weighted center region is greater than other regions, and the two integration results are added. Results control microcomputer is set to the sum of exposure information, exposure level with a reference level represented by the information compared, and the shutter control circuit amplification gain of the image pickup apparatus so that the exposure level is consistent with the reference level, and the video camera exposure adjusted to the appropriate level. When the image pickup means is set to the opposite direction of the operator, using conventional exposure control.


The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of trees arranged in rows on yield and nutritional characteristics of Urochloa decumbens and to identify the average distance in which there is a better use of moderate shading in an agrisilvipasture system. The treatments consisted of distances from measure points to tree rows (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 m) and were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The tiller density, forage mass, forage accumulation rate and chemical composition of pasture were evaluated. The tiller density, forage mass and rates of forage accumulation increased with the distance from tree rows, reaching the highest values of 392 tillers m-2, 1,347 kg ha-1 and 30.1 kg ha-1 per day, respectively, at 9.1, 10.4 and 8.8 m of distance. The contents of the neutral detergent fiber did not vary with distance, while the acid detergent fiber and lignin content varied, but without a clear pattern of response. The crude protein contents reduced quadratically with distance from tree rows and had the highest values under trees (9.8%) and the lowest at 13.5 m of distance (6.5%). The site of pasture, between 7 and 10 m of distance from the tree rows showed the highest benefits of moderate shading on pasture traits.


A kind of analog watt-hour meter based on 89C55WD MCU system is introduced in this paper.Its principle and the design of hardware and software are explained.The detailed receiving procedure using status drawing is described and the relevant code is given.


There is no clear sequence relationship between relay protection and emergency control in terms of implementation time. It is not necessary to wait for the relay protection before implementing emergency control. Implementing emergency control before the fault is cleared is a topic worthy of exploration. Using the extended equal-area criterion to quantitatively analyze the transient power angle stability, it is found that the effect of emergency control on the transient power angle stability at different times before the fault is cleared is closely related to the direction of the sudden change of electromagnetic power at the time of emergency control. When the electromagnetic power decreases, with the delay of the emergency control time, the transient stability margin of the system becomes larger; when the electromagnetic power increases, the influence law is opposite. Finally, the influence of non-coherence factors is discussed based on the actual power grid simulation, which shows that for the case with poor coherence, a complete quantitative analysis is needed to study the influence of emergency control before fault clearance on transient power angle stability.


We present the results of a deep (about 80 ks) XMM-Newton survey of the largest sample of near-infrared se- lected Extremely Red Objects (R − K > 5) available to date to KS 4 × 10 −15 erg cm −2 s −1 ) and near-infrared magnitude probed by the present observations, the fraction of AGN (i.e. X-ray de- tected) among the ERO population is small (∼3.5%); conversely, the fraction of EROs among hard X-ray selected sources is much higher (∼20%). The X-ray properties of EROs detected in our XMM-Newton observation indicate absorption in ex- cess of 10 22 cm −2 in a large fraction of them. We have also considered additional samples of X-ray detected EROs available in the literature. X-ray spectral analysis of the highest S/N sources unambiguously indicates that large columns of cold gas (even >10 23 cm −2 ) are the rule rather than the exception. The X-ray, optical and near-infrared properties of those X-ray se- lected EROs with a spectroscopic or photometric redshift nicely match those expected for type 2 quasars, the high-luminosity, high-redshift obscured AGNs predicted in baseline XRB synthesis models. A close correlation is detected between X -a nd K-band fluxes. For the AGN EROs this is consistent, under reasonable assumptions, with the relation established locally be- tween the host galaxies and their central black holes. This suggests that the majority of EROs are powered by massive black holes accreting, on average, at about 0.03−0.1 of the Eddington limit.


Intertextuality clarification plays a significant role in clearing up the multilayer relationship among relevant texts,facilitating the process of text comprehension and translation.With two tea classics as case texts,a vector space model(VSM) in intertextuality calculation is presented.Then an improved method is proposed,i.e.extending the similarity calculation between items and using sequence model.Finally,a translation index method is produced.Experimental results show that the similarity calculation between items fails to provide satisfactory results,while the application of sequence model yields better results,which offers helpful clues to enhance the accuracy and consistency in both source text comprehension and target version translation.


For the problem that it is difficult to quantify the degree of quality defect sources in mechanical product assembly process,this paper presented assembly quality defect sources entropy for product assembly process by the entropy theory,and calculated the defect sources entropy. The purpose was to quantify the quality of the defect sources degree. Based on this method proposed an entropy algorithm for assembly quality defect sources entropy,and then with simulation,received the weight of defect sources. Finally,analyzing the simulation graph,proved the algorithm to be feasible in the application of quantitative of the defects.


An improved reasoning system was presented to solve the short-term load forecasting(STLF) problem in power system operation and planning by using case-based reasoning(CBR),self-organizing map(SOM) and fuzzy-rough sets method. CBR is composed of the steps of case representation,indexing,retrieval,and adaptation,and the key idea in CBR involves the use of already existing knowledge about objects or situations to predict aspects of similar objects.SOM are trained as a cluster tool in order to organize the old cases with the purpose of speeding up the CBR process.Fuzzy-rough sets method further extends the rough set concept through the use of fuzzy equivalence classes and is presented as a tool to extract principal case attributes.This method uses not only case-specific knowledge of past problems,but also uses additional knowledge derived from the clusters of cases and provides a new way for selecting proper feature subset and feature weights.The testing results on a real power system show that the proposed system is feasible and promising for STLF.


Analysis of Zhanjiang Aquaculture and freshwater fish in the mineral elements of fish muscle. Collected Aquaculture and freshwater fish muscle samples, Detection of Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, Mg content in atomic absorption spectrometry. The results show that aquaculture fish muscle Zn, Cu, and Ca content were higher; freshwater fish Fe, Mg content were higher. This study suggests that the muscles of fish rich in mineral elements, can meet the needs of the body of the mineral elements.


Several mutants ofEscherichia coli affecting aerobic energy generation and energization ofthebacterial membrane havebeenexamined fortheir effect on streptomycin andgentamicin accumulation andsusceptibility. Aheme-deficient mutant(K207) andtwomutants (CJ-8 [colicin K insensitive] andNR-70) associatedwithdefective aerobic active transport wereassociated withdecreased transport ofstreptomycin andgentamicin andincreased resistance tothose antibiotics. These mutants also exhibited increased resistance toseveral other aminoglycoside antibiotics, butnottheaminocyclitol spectinomycin. Thesame observations weremadewithaubiquinone-deficient mutant, butastrAderivativeofthis mutantwasshownadditionally tobesaturable forstreptomycin accumulation ataconcentration four ormoretimes lower thanthat required for saturation oftheparent. A mutantuncoupled foradenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis fromelectron transport andmembrane Mg-adenosine 5'-triphosphatasedeficient washypersensitive tothose aminoglycosides tested andspectinomycin, andshowed enhanced transport ofstreptomycin andgentamicin. A variety ofcompounds structurally related tostreptomycin wereexamined at highconcentrations forinhibition ofstreptomycin uptake inastrAmutant ofE. coli K-12SA1306, butnoevidence forcompetition wasdetected, suggesting the absence ofacommontransport carrier. Fourdifferent divalent cations were showntoinhibit streptomycin andgentamicin accumulation inE.coli K-12SA 1306. Divalent cations wereshowntoinhibit uptake ofthese twodrugs intwo bacterial species withdistinct cell wallstructures, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andStaphylococcus aureus, andtoinhibit streptomycin uptake inspheroplasts ofstreptomycin-susceptible and-resistant E.coli. However, calcium hadalmost noinhibitory effect onstreptomycin uptake bytheubiquinone-deficient mutant E.coli AN66.These andprevious findings havebeenusedtoformulate amodel foraminoglycoside entry into bacteria using alow-affinity membranous complex involved inmembrane energization thatincludes respiratory quinones, which probably acttobindandtransport aminoglycosides across thecell membrane. Thisphase oftransport isassociated withthelowest accumulation rate(termed energy-dependent phase I)thatisratelimiting forsusceptibility. Itisfurther proposed thatsubsequent association ofthemembrane-bound aminoglycoside withhigher-affinity binding sites onmembrane-associated ribosomes carrying outanormal ribosomal cycle andprotein synthesis results inamorerapid transport rate(termed energy-dependent phase II). Theincreased ratecould result fromastate ofmembrane energization analogous tothatcausing enhanced aminoglycoside transport rates seenintheuncoupled mutant, AN120. Howthismodelexplains themechanism bywhichenzymatically modified aminoglycosides render cells resistant tounmodified aminoglycosides isalso discussed. Theaction oftheaminoglycoside antibiotics cumulation bybacteria ishighly dependent on streptomycin andgentamicin onbacteria isde-conditions usedtomeasureantibiotic uptake, pendent onasource ofaerobically generated butingeneral three ormorephases ofaccumuenergy (9,10). Streptomycin orgentamicin ac-lation canbedefined. Theinitial, veryrapid


The recently released MPI-3.0 standard introduced a process-level shared-memory interface which enables processes within the same node to have direct load/store access to each others' memory. Such an interface allows applications to declare data structures that are shared by multiple MPI processes on the node. In this paper, we study the capabilities and performance implications of using MPI-3.0 shared memory, in the context of a five-point stencil computation. Our analysis reveals that the use of MPI-3.0 shared memory has several unforeseen performance implications including disrupting certain compiler optimizations and incorrectly using suboptimal page sizes inside the OS. Based on this analysis, we propose several methodologies for working around these issues and improving communication performance by 40-85% compared to the current MPI-1.0 based approach.


The direct chronotropic and inotropic effects of procaine, chloroprocaine, cocaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, tetracaine, and bupivacaine were studied in an isolated guinea pig atrial preparation. All of the agents tended to produce a negative chronotropic and inotropic effect at high concentrations. Bupivacaine and tetracaine were most potent in terms of their negative chronotropic and inotropic effects, whereas procaine was least potent in terms of depression of atrial rate and contractility. The potency of the various agents with regard to their depressive cardiac effects is related to their potency as local anesthetic agents. No stimulatory effect on atrial rate was observed with any of the agents. With regard to atrial contractility, chloroprocaine did show a biphasic effect, i.e. initial positive inotropic action followed subsequently by a negative inotropic effect. The concentration of the various local anesthetics required to produce depression of cardiac rate and contractility which might be considered clinically significant occurred at concentrations which were higher than are usually seen during the normal use of these agents for regional anesthesia.


This paper tries to analyze the potential safety hazard concerning the design and operation process,based on a true case of an accident of a running non-pressure vessel.It attempts to draw the useful lessons from the probing.


Background: Children are born with a burden of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which may have endocrine disrupting properties and have been postulated to contribute to the rise in childhood obesity. The current evidence is equivocal, which may be because many studies investigate the effects at one time point during childhood. We assessed associations between prenatal exposure to POPs and growth during infancy and childhood. Methods: We used data from two Belgian cohorts with cord blood measurements of five organochlorines [(dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB-138, -150, -180)] (N = 1,418) and two perfluoroalkyl substances [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)] (N = 346). We assessed infant growth, defined as body mass index (BMI) z-score change between birth and 2 years, and childhood growth, characterized as BMI trajectory from birth to 8 years. To evaluate associations between POP exposures and infant growth, we applied a multi-pollutant approach, using penalized elastic net regression with stability selection, controlling for covariates. To evaluate associations with childhood growth, we used single-pollutant linear mixed models with random effects for child individuals, parametrized using a natural cubic spline formulation. Results: Prenatal exposures to p,p'-DDE and PCB-153 were selected in elastic net models for infant growth analysis, but the selections were unstable. No clear association between any of the exposures and longer-term childhood growth trajectories was observed. We did not find evidence of effect modification by child sex. Conclusion: Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to PCB-153 and p,p'-DDE may affect infant growth in the first two years, with little evidence of more persistent effects. Keywords: organochlorines, poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances, infant growth, childhood growth trajectory, longitudinal study


The advancement into smart mobile devices has accelerated the adoption of various pervasive computing based ubiquitous applications, where Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has extended its usability from hard core military applications to civil society applications. The success for routing requires a robust computational mechanism of routing based on the collaborative framework of energy (i.e. battery power), signal strength and zonal routings. The paper presents a framework of novel routing technique in order to jointly address the problem pertaining to routing overhead and energy drainage among the mobile nodes. Different from conventional simulation mechanism, the paper presents a communication district with inclusion of auxiliary nodes for minimizing the overhead during the routing process. The outcome of the proposed study shows significant reduction in routing overhead along with energy efficiency as compared to existing AODV and DSDV protocols. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the Twelfth International Multi-Conference on Information Processing-2016 (IMCIP-2016).


Investigation of intrinsic defects such as gallium vacancies (VGa) and their interactions with extrinsic defects like Fe in β-Ga2O3 is crucial for the development of devices. Photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (photo-EPR) experiments are performed at room temperature and 30 K by illuminating neutron irradiated Fe-doped and unintentionally doped β-Ga2O3 crystals with LEDs from 0.7 to 4.7 eV, and interactions between VGa and other defects such as Fe are investigated. 30 K measurements indicate small photoinduced changes in the amount of [Formula: see text], but the photothreshold suggests little or no interaction with Fe. Rather, the decrease of [Formula: see text] is accompanied by the emergence of self-trapped holes (STHs), indicating that the stability of the STH is critical to the [Formula: see text] optical transition. We suggest the decrease of [Formula: see text] is due to excitation of electrons from valence band maximum to the defect. The resulting hole is captured at an oxygen atom to form STH. By performing a systematic photo-EPR study of gallium vacancies, we show that the intrinsic defect, VGa, does not interact with extrinsic defects, Fe or Ir. Instead, VGa contributes to the stability of the STH.


This study investigated the effect of feeding restriction regimes on economic and productive performance of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Sixty Nile tilapia fish were randomly classified into three groups (n=10/group) with similar initial body weight. Group I (Control group) was fed three times daily for 32 days. Group II was deprived for 4 days and then re-fed for 16 days, while Group III was deprived for 8 days and then re-fed for 32 days. The experiment was terminated after 10 weeks. All groups were fed on commercial diet at 2% of body mass. Indicate parameters measured were weight gain, feed efficiency, feed conversion ratio, economic conversion ratio and water quality. The above parameters were measured every 2 weeks. The results revealed that, after 64 days, Fishes which exposed to long starvation periods (8F:32R) consumed significantly (P= .01) more feed compared to other the restricted group (4F:16R). The highest feed efficiency was observed in fish exposed to 4F:16R. However, this group showed less feed intake than the 8F:32R and control groups. Moreover, cost benefit analysis under restriction indicated that, the highest return observed in control group and restricted fish for 4 days and the lowest in restricted fish for 8 days (P= .05). On the other hand, parameters of water quality (pH, Dissolved oxygen, Turbidity and Ammonia) were significantly (P= .01) affected by feed restriction regimes. Turbidity and ammonia levels were more in control group than the restricted groups.


Relationships among delay, throughput, and fairness, three conflicting performance criteria in modern flow-controlled communication networks, are investigated, and an optimal tradeoff among them is defined. Several fair bandwidth sharing schemes are introduced and compared with each other for a variety of network configurations. The results obtained are then utilized to define an optimal operating point (OOP) which maximizes the generalized network power. Given a fixed routing, it is shown that the OOP can be found via any unconstrained optimization algorithm. If rerouting is allowed, it is also shown that the OOP can be found by solving a variant of the multicommodity convex cost network flow problem. An algorithm for this problem is developed and tested for a number of networks. A delay-directive flow control scheme is suggested to realize the OOP in real operating networks, and additional implementation issues are discussed. >


UAVs have great potential when applied to persistent monitoring, but there are still problems such as difficulty in ensuring the monitoring frequency and easy leakage of monitoring path information. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the UAV monitoring frequency of targets and the randomness of monitoring paths as much as possible on the premise of covering all monitoring tasks. In response to the above problems, this paper studies the UAV path planning problem of simultaneous optimization of monitoring frequency and path security. Through the evaluation of monitoring frequency and path security based on monitoring overdue time and path entropy, a mathematical model for UAV path planning is established. An improved ant colony algorithm based on the monitoring overdue time (Overdue-aware Ant Colony Optimization, OACO) is designed, and finally the UAV flight trajectory with high monitoring frequency and the high monitoring path security is obtained. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the monitoring frequency of each monitoring node to be accessed, improve the security of the UAV monitoring path, which is of great significance for enhancing monitoring security and preventing intrusion.


VLIW is a kind of technology in most DSP processors, To make the advantage of the performance of DSP chip, compiler must support VLIW instructions schedule. Through investigating, now the hot point about VLIW technology is how to expand basic block and optimization algorithms between basic block, but how to select instructions to format a VLIW isn't described and imple-mented in detail. In fact this is the concrete problem in developing compiler, so it has practice meaning. This paper improved the list algorithms to support VLIW instructions scheduling. The algorithms is so the advantages of the VLIW architecture can speed up the execution of the program.


This paper presents the development of a novel application using motion analysis techniques to measure tooth movement in 3D. Measuring the relative displacements of teeth under load allows a greater understanding of the mechanical properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL). Two marker clusters were fixed onto the measured tooth and the reference tooth via orthodontic brackets and movements were captured using two 60 Hz infrared cameras. Software was modified to calculate 3D tooth displacements and rotations. The development of this system will provide reliable data for modelling the periodontal ligament (PDL). It is therefore important to evaluate the measurement system characteristics. • System accuracy, defined as % max. absolute error / measurement range, was 2.13 % using spherical markers and 1.5 % using diamond markers for a measurment range of 20-200μm. • System resolution, defined as minimum step size that the system could accurately detect, was 10μm. • System noise band was 5.76μm • System repeatability, defined as max. st. dev. in the measurement range, was measured in the x, y and z directions on different days (light intensity and temperature), five times, using step up and then step down measurements for the same step size and was range from ± 1.7μm to ± 3.9μm. These results demonstrate that the system is sufficiently accurate to measure tooth displacements (120160 μm) and could potentially be useful in many other applications. Keywords-component; tooth movement, system accuracy


According to wavelet analysis,the energy regularity of each frequency band is found,the characteristic vectors for values of pumps are constructed,the RBF neural network is trained.Through a lot of practices,both the characteristic vectors and the RBF neural network are proved to raise the diagnosis rate for valves of reciprocating pumps.


Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission, which includes two primary forms: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). IBD is an autoimmune disorder influenced by genetics, hereditary, environment, and infection. Alternative treatments with fewer side effects have been searched. Thus, the use of probiotics stands out due to several beneficial effects. For this reason, the objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effects of the use of probiotics in patients diagnosed with IBD. This review included studies available in the MEDLINE databases - PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, and the final selection included thirteen randomized clinical trials. The results showed that the oral use of probiotics and, mainly for a prolonged period, can help in the improvement of reducing symptoms related to IBD. In endoscopic analyzes, a reduction in intestinal inflammation was noted, in addition to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines. Although there are positive effects, there is a need for further studies to define the best composition of probiotics and time of use since there are many variations in this treatment.


The paper investigates the association between optimistic disclosure tone and corporate financial performance using a sample of listed firms in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries covering the period from 2012–2018 with a total of 779 observations. The optimistic disclosure tone is measured through DICTION 7.0 software. While, financial performance of firms is measured by return on equity, in addition, seven control variables. The paper found that firm performance has a positive association with the reported optimistic tone. This finding supports the agency and management impression theories.


Using the methods of literature review and theoretical analysis,the paper researches the evolution,classification,features and values of leisure sports.The findings show that leisure sports emerged in the primitive and agricultural society with the gradual enrichment of the production materials and sprang up in the modern industrial revolution with the change of the production means and now have become one of the major contents of people's lives.Based on the classification of leisure sports,the paper first reveals the basic features of leisure sports,including the freedom of time control and autonomy,interests and entertainment of participation,then points out the important value of the development of leisure sports to self-realization,establishment of life style and elevation of life quality and finally puts forward the orientation of future development in leisure sports.


A series of physical experiments were carried out to investigate the characteristics of the horizontal active earth pressure exerted by rubble stones placed in front of horizontally composite breakwaters. Typically, the shoulder width of rubble mounds is shorter than the failure wedge assumed by Rankine's earth pressure theory; therefore, it is not appropriate to apply the theory for the estimation of the horizontal pressure of rubble stones on the caisson. Considering this, physical experiments were conducted to evaluate the horizontal earth pressure with rubble stones having different shoulder widths in front of the caisson. The experimental results showed that the horizontal pressure was considerably lower than that obtained by Rankine's theory when the shoulder width was shorter than the failure wedge width. Even when the shoulder width was sufficiently large to apply the theory, the earth pressure was approximately 17% lower than the value calculated byRankine's theory. Based on these analyses, an empirical equation is proposed that can estimate the earth pressure on the caisson for a wide range of shoulder widths of rubble mounds.


neuropeptide - head activator - exocrine pancreas - amylase release - gastrointestinal hormones - hydra - rat The neurol~'ptide head activator previously located in neural cells of the freshwater hydra was found to stimulate release of amylase from rat pancreatic Iobules in vitro. It is unknown whether this effect may have physiological implications.


Microgels display specific features attracting a high research interest in several applications such as bioactives, drug delivery or protein purification. Whey protein microgels (WPM) are obtained by promoting whey protein intramolecular cross-linking through heat treatment. Temperature-induced protein denaturation and aggregation involves several kinds of interactions such as electrostatic repulsions and disulfide bonds. In the present work, the WPM particles topography and nanomechanical properties were investigated at native pH (6.5) and acid pH (5.5 and 3.0) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in contact mode in a liquid environment. Prior to AFM analysis, WPM particles were captured on a gold substrate via low energy interactions by means of specific monoclonal antibodies. The 2D AFM images clearly showed a swelling of WPM particles induced by pH decrease. At native pH, they displayed an average width and height of 192 ± 27 nm and 44 ± 9 nm, respectively. A decrease in pH to 5.5 led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in WPM particles width (282 ± 9 nm) and height (101 ± 1 nm). At pH 3.0, a further increase in WPM size (a width of 420 ± 25 nm and a height of 78 ± 1 nm). The AFM elasticity (E) data showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in stiffness at pH 5.5 (E: 199 ± 9 kPa) and pH 3.0 (E: 187 ± 12 kPa) compared to native pH (E: 12 ± 1 kPa). These findings indicate that the mechanical profiles of WPM network directly varied with pH decrease. The WPM topographic and nanomechanical changes induced by acidification were most likely due to substantial changes in the shape and the structure of WPM particles. These strengthened internally crosslinked structures, modified by acidification, could display interesting encapsulation properties, providing an additional proof for their use as nanovectors monitoring bioactives release to the desired target after ingestion.


Ultra‐high temperature ceramic (UHTC) is one of the most promising materials used in thermal protection system for hypersonic flight vehicles. In this work, ZrB2–0.5 vol% SiC composites are fabricated with nano‐sized ZrB2 and SiC particles by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1500 °C. The average density of the composites reaches 5.47 g cm−3, while the average grain size is only 1 μm. Then, single and cyclic ablation tests are conducted using a plasma generator. Ablation mechanisms and microstructure evaluation of the composites are discussed in detail. In addition, a digital optical microscope system is adopted to obtain the surface micrograph after ablation. Results show that ablation center will become protuberant rather than form an ablation crater, due to the relative porous and loose oxide layer and flushing action of ablation flame. Thickness of oxide layer and mass gain of the sample obviously increase during the single ablation, while the mass change rate decreases gradually and is then kept stable with the ablation time increasing. Compared with the single ablation, the cyclic ablation leads to higher mass gain and mass change rate, as many microcracks formed on the surface which will significantly accelerate the oxidation.


Background: Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare condition, especially when present inside lateral cervical lymph nodes. Only two similar cases have been reported. Case Presentation: A case of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lymph nodes of the lateral neck in a 34-year-old woman is reported, leading to a challenging differential diagnosis between micropapillary thyroid cancer with skip metastases or recurrent ectopic thyroid tissue. As a definitive diagnosis could not be made based on imaging or cytology, a diagnostic hemithyroidectomy was performed in combination with a total lateral neck dissection to avoid future ectopic thyroid tissue recurrence. Conclusion: The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in the lateral neck is rare, especially when present within the lymph nodes themselves. Important differential diagnosis with a thyroid malignancy must be made. Benign causes, such as ectopic thyroid tissue, are diagnoses by exclusion.


The author examines whether there is a causal relationship between the labor force participation of married women and the presence of young children in the family. An amended version of simultaneaous logit analysis suggested by Mallar is used to analyze data from the Dutch National Survey on Fertility and Motivation for Parenthood (SUMMARY IN ENG) (ANNOTATION)


The basic tenets of Confucianism include "the rule of Li(ritual)","the rule of De(virtue)",and "the rule of Ren(humanity)".All bear direct relations to shame as a human emotion.From a psychological perspective,shame represents itself as the experience of embarrassment and guilt.It is value judgment in the consciousness,the conscious understanding of the unconscious.The conscious representation of psychological complexes and archetypes gives rise to internal examination and self-monitoring.The interaction between the conscious and the unconscious completes the internalization of shame.Shame carries deep cultural meaning and varies by cultural norm.In the field of unconsciousness,shame means a sympathy of individual,collective,cultural and social unconsciousness;shame carries both a sense of deep cultural origins,also reflects the characteristics of the times;The culture of Confucian "Chi" inspires us so much on today's moral education.


Nutrition forms the foundation for physical performance of an athlete. Nutrients deficiency can negatively affect health and sports performance of an athlete. There are several factors attributed to this situation which include lack of knowledge regarding nutrition, specifically sports nutrition. This is because, a person with lack of knowledge is most likely to have a negative attitude and poor dietary practice [1].

The aim of the study is to assess the levels of nutrition knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among gymnasium users in Jordan.

In this study, a total of 138 male gymnasium users (18 – 35 years) were recruited from several gymnasiums in Jordan. Their height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The KAP-Sports nutrition questionnaires which contains 3 sections was administered. The first section comprised of 25 questions regarding knowledge on basic sports nutrition, the second section comprised of seven questions regarding usual food choices and proper nutrition, while the third section comprised of 20 questions on attitude towards nutrition and sports-enhancing diet. Descriptive analysis (SPSS vs. 26.0) was used to analyse the data from KAP questionnaires.

As shown in the Table 1, majority of the participants have moderate knowledge on sports nutrition (77.6%; n=107) with minority of the participants have low knowledge on sports nutrition (3.3%; n=6) while the rest of them have high knowledge on sports nutrition (18.1%; n=25). For attitude, majority of the participants have neutral attitude (84.7%; n=117) with minority of the participants have positive attitude (5.1%; n=7) while the rest of them have negative attitude towards sports nutrition (10.2%; n=14). A total of 93 participants (67.4%) had fair dietary practices and 45 participants (32.6%) had a poor dietary practice. However, none of the participants (0%) had a good dietary practice.
In conclusion, gymnasium users in Jordan did not have adequate knowledge which in turns affect their attitude as well as dietary practice. Hence, sports nutrition education is recommended to ensure adequate and correct knowledge are disseminated to the athletes.


This paper reviews recent developments in ultra-high field (UHF) superconducting magnets for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the Asia regionin particular, those for high-resolution NMR magnets using high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils. In Japan, a power supply driven-mode 1.02 GHz (24.0 T) NMR magnet using a Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-δ (Bi-2223) inner coil was developed in 2015, providing the first high-resolution NMR at a 1H NMR frequency of >1 GHz (23.5 T). In late 2017, a new project was started to develop a persistent-mode 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) NMR magnet comprising a RE(rare earth)Ba2Cu3O7-δ (REBCO) inner coil, a Bi-2223 middle coil, and a low-temperature superconductor (LTS) outer coil. The magnet employs the newly developed state-of-the-art superconducting joints between HTSs necessary for the persistent-mode operation, as well as magnet technologies providing an ultra-high magnetic field of >30.5 T with high temporal stability and spatiality homogeneity for high-resolution NMR measurement. In China, a ∼20 mm cold bored magnet comprising an LTS outer coil and no-insulation (NI) REBCO inner coils was developed and recorded a field of 32.35 T, the highest magnetic field ever achieved with an all-superconducting magnet, which can be used as a small cold-bored NMR. In Korea, a liquid helium-free 400 MHz (9.39 T) all REBCO NMR magnets using NI winding was developed, which is operational. These technologies provide future perspectives for a UHF NMR magnet with key features of persistent-mode operation, an operating field of 1.4 GHz using (32.9 T)-class magnets, and the liquid helium-free operation.


Osteocartilaginous tissue normally has the capability of regeneration, which means that many osteoarticular problems or bony defects will heal spontaneously, not needing important interventions. Although the high regenerative capacity of this tissue, large osseous defects encountered difficulties in optimal healing process and remain a clinical challenge, demanding surgical procedures. This aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes using bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive�) as a synthetic bone substitute material in some specific orthopedic pathologies like prosthesis revision surgery, and pseudarthrosis.


Objective To discuss the surgical treatment experience of colon cancer complicated with intestinal obstruction. Method The clinical data of 28 cases of colon cancer complicated with intestinal obstruction were treated with surgery and retrospective analyzed. Result 24 cases were healed,curative rate was 85.7%. One case had anastomatic leakage,one case died from multiple organ failure,4 cases had wound infection,one case had pulmonary infection,and one case had wound disruption. Conclusion Colon cancer complicated with intestinal obstruction is surgical emergency. Preoperative gastric decompression and good surgeon technique is key to avoid complications.


Objective The optimum administration method and dosage of propafenone was explored through the observation of different propafenone dosages,administration rates,curative effect and side effect when the propafenone was used to stop paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT).Methods Total 246 cases of patients were randomly divided into four groups:A,B,C and D.Group A and group C were intravenously injected 1mg and 2mg dosage of propafenone per kg of body weight respectively.The intravenous injections lasted 1 minute.Group B and group D were intravenously injected on the base of group A and group C respectively but the propafenones were diluted with 10ml of 5% glucose.The intravenous injections lasted 5 minutes.The cardioversion rate,cardioversion time and untoward reaction incidence rate of each group were observed.Results ①The faster the administration rate,the quicker the sinus rhythm the patient became and the lower the untoward reaction was.②The untoward reaction incidence rate increased greatly with the increase of the dosage.But the cardioversion success rate and cardioversion time showed no great difference.Conclusion The paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia could be quickly stopped when intravenously injected 1mg dosage of propafenone per kg of body weight lasting 1 minute.


Albert Gerard. Contexts of African Literature. Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi, 1990. pp. 169. $35.00. Divided into four parts (thirteen chapters), this book is an argument for both a comparative approach to the study of African literature and for the use of Africa as a case study of the various phenomena that accompany the passage of a people or continent from orality to written literature. The methods are therefore those of the literary historian. Using Latin within European literary history as a point of departure and in comparison with the advent and roles of European languages within the African context (Parts I and II), the book extracts the general law that creative writing is at first elitist then progresses to concern itself with the problems and conditions of the majority in its own languages. Thus, despite the apparent official ascendancy of European languages in Africa, there still existed fifty African languages in the


The concept of an equivariant map naturally arises in the study of manifolds with actions of a fixed group: equivariant maps are maps that commute with group actions on the source and target. An equivariant automorphism of the source of equivariant maps preserves their equivariance. Therefore, the group of equivariant automorphisms of a manifold acts on the space of equivariant maps of this manifold. The structure of orbits of this action is often complicated: it can include discrete (finite or countable) families of orbits as well as continuous ones. An orbit is called equivariant simple if its sufficiently small neighborhood intersects only a finite number of other orbits. In this paper we study singular multivariate holomorphic function germs that are equivariant simple with respect to a pair of actions of a finite cyclic group on the source and target. We present a necessary existence condition for such germs in terms of dimensions of certain vector spaces defined by group actions. As an application of this result, we describe scalar actions of finite cyclic groups for which there exist no equivariant simple singular function germs.


Unusual transistor connection that substitutes for a silicon diode and allows significantly higher repetition rates without increasing power loss rectifies an alternating current. Operation speed is improved by a factor of 10 or more when a given diode is replaced by this transistor circuit.


A systematic study was carried out on the effects of neutral salts on the dissolution of silicate glasses. Two major phenomena were observed: (a) a significant increase in the dissolution rate of soda-lime-silica glass with increasing NaCl concentration in the leachant and (b) a rise in the amount of glass dissolved per day following an induction period that is shorter the higher the concentration of NaCl, apparently as a result of surface cracking and spallation. Increase in the observed dissolution rate of the glass with increasing salt concentration was found both before and after the rise. The dependence of the dissolution rates on the concentration of NaCl gave a goodfit with a Langmuir type model based on competition for surface site occupancy between OH groups and ONa groups, with the latter contributing to faster dissolution of the glass in water. The more rapid dissolution of the surface covered with ONa sites was attributed to a steric effect consisting of easier access of water to the silica network following an existing model for the dissolution ofcrystalline quartz. The presence of KCl and CaCl 2 in the leachant also resulted in significant increases in the dissolution rate of the glass while MgCl 2 did not give rise to such rapid attack. Studies ofother glasses showed that vitreous silica and Vycor have lower dissolution rates than those of soda-lime-silica glass but the effect of NaCl on dissolution rate was similar for all three glasses. Aluminosilicate glass exhibited much smaller dissolution rates but was also affected by increasing concentrations of NaCl. In the case of zinc titania borosilicate glass the effect of low salt concentrations was greater than for other glasses. The difference between the dissolution behaviour of this glass and those of the other glasses was found to be the result of the fact that this glass develops a surface layer structure which primarily consists of titania rather than silica. The two main conclusions of the study were: (a) a Langmuir-type model based on the occupancy of the surface sites by OH and ONa groups, respectively, could be used to account for differences among the rates at which a silicate glass is attacked in various aqueous media and (b) salts in the aqueous leachant facilitate an increase in the exposed surface area as a result of cracking, spallation, etc. leading to an increase in the amount of glass that dissolves within a given period.


This work examines the sudden erosional flow initiated by the release of a dam-break wave over a loose sediment bed. Extended shallow-water equations are formulated to describe the development of the surge. Accounting for bed material inertia, a transport layer of finite thickness is introduced, and a sharp interface view of the morphodynamic boundary is adopted. Approximations are sought for an intermediate range of wave evolution, in which equilibration of the sediment load can be assumed instantaneous but momentum loss due to bed friction has not yet been felt. The resulting homogeneous hyperbolic equations are mathematically tractable using the Riemann techniques of gas dynamics. Dam-break initial conditions give rise to self-similar flow profiles. The wave structure features piecewise constant states, two smoothly varied simple waves, and a special type of shock: an erosional bore forming at the forefront of the wave. Profiles are constructed through a semi-analytical procedure, yielding a geomorphic generalization of the Stoker solution for dam-break waves over rigid bed. For most flow properties, the predictions of the theoretical treatment compare favourably with experimental tests visualized using particle imaging techniques.


: This text analyzes the representations constructed regarding normal education in light of the closure of normal schools in Mato Grosso from 1937 to 1947. The selected timeframe is based on the termination of activities at the Pedro Celestino Normal School in late 1937 and the resumption of normal education in 1947. The question arises as to how the extinction of normal schools was portrayed in the official documents issued by the state administration. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the concept of representations developed by Roger Chartier (1990), as well as the approach of António Nóvoa (1995) on teacher professionalization. For the elaboration of this article, decrees and governmental messages found in the Public Archive of Mato Grosso were consulted. The narratives present in the public documents sought to portray that the decision to close the teacher training institution would provide a favorable scenario for the development of state education.


In this paper we propose a new, purely algebraic, Petrov-Galerkin reduced basis (RB) method to solve the parametrized Stokes equations, where parameters serve to identify the (variable) domain geometry. Our method is obtained as an algebraic least squares reduced basis (aLS-RB) method, and improves the existing RB methods for Stokes equations in several directions. First of all, it does not require to enrich the velocity space, as often done when dealing with a velocity-pressure formulation. This because it relies on a Petrov-Galerkin RB method rather than on a Galerkin RB (G-RB) method, and exploits a suitable approximation of the matrix-norm in the de nition of the (global) supremizing operator. The knowledge of an analytical map between a reference domain and the physical, parameter-dependent domain, is not requested. For this reason, possible deformations of the domain which result from the solution of a computational problem can be accounted for. The new method also provides a fully automated procedure to assemble and solve the RB problem, able to treat any kind of parametrization. We prove the stability of the resulting aLS-RB problem (in the sense of a suitable inf-sup condition) and provide a numerical comparison between the proposed method and the current state-of-art G-RB methods relying on the enrichment of the velocity space. In particular, our approach results in a cheaper, more convenient option both during the o ine and the online stage of computation, compared to the existing G-RB methods; numerical results are provided on a problem featuring a parameter-dependent geometry and more than 10 degrees of freedom regarding its highdelity nite element approximation.


Electric vehicles (EVs) have been garnering wide attention over conventional fossil fuel-based vehicles due to the serious concerns of environmental pollution and crude oil depletion. In this article, we have conducted a systematic literature survey to explore the battery raw material supply chain, material processing, and the economy behind the commodity price appreciation. We present significant areas of concern, including resource reserves, supply, demand, geographical distribution, battery reuse, and recycling industries. Furthermore, details of the battery supply chain and its associated steps are illustrated. The authors believe the presented study will be an information cornerstone in boosting manufacturing and understanding the key components and materials required to facilitate EV battery production. Further, this study discusses the major industries, and their policies and global market share in each material category.


Localized rod photoreceptor and rhodopsin losses have been observed in post mortem histology both in normal aging and in age-related maculopathy. We propose to noninvasively map local rod rhodopsin density through analysis of the brightening of the underlying lipofuscin autofluorescence (LAF) in confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) imaging sequences starting in the dark adapted eye. The detected LAF increases as rhodopsin is bleached (time constant ≈ 25sec) by the average retinal irradiance of the cSLO 488nm laser beam. We fit parameters of analytical expressions for the kinetics of rhodopsin bleaching that Lamb validated using electroretinogram recordings in human. By performing localized (≈ 100μm) kinetic analysis, we create high resolution maps of the rhodopsin density. This new noninvasive imaging and analysis approach appears well-suited for measuring localized changes in the rod photoreceptors and correlating them at high spatial resolution with localized pathological changes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) seen in steady-state LAF images.


Although it has long been known that the differential equations of the heat-transfer and diffusion processes are identical, application to technical problems has only recently been made. In 1916 it was shown that the speed of oxidation of the carbon in iron ore depends upon the speed with which the oxygen of the combustion air diffuses through the core of gas surrounding the carbon surface. The identity previously referred to was then used to calculate the amount of oxygen diffusing to the carbon surface on the basis of the heat transfer between the gas stream and the carbon surface. Then in 1921, H. Thoma reversed that procedure; he used diffusion experiments to determine heat-transfer coefficients. Recently Lohrisch has extended this work by experiment. A technically very important application of the identity of heat transfer and diffusion is that of the cooling tower, since in this case both processes occur simultaneously.


Procedure data processing implemented by a server (AS) comprising: - a step of receiving (210) in a first communication session established with the server, of unasolicitud made by a first user (U1) defining at least one processing operation to ejecutarcon first data; - an execution step (330) of said processing operation with said first data, in a segundasesion established communication with said server after said first session for segundousuario (U1a), said executing step being intended to be started with the condition on the one hand, that the second usuariohaya been authenticated by a strong authentication method in the second session and, secondly, a relationship between the first and second user hayacomprobado.


The sudden collapse of honey bee colonies in California in 2005 and alarming reports about significant colony losses in the U [...]


In today's regulatory environment, special attention must be dedicated to the assessment of both performance and applicability of a novel technology before being introduced in the medical device market. An innovative medical device must undergo a sequence of pre-market tests, in order to acquire a knowledge base on which market approval can ultimately be granted. This test sequence is particular to each device. In this paper, we aim to describe the sequence of experiments of an innovative medical diagnostic device required for market entry, exemplified by the HemoPill® acute. The HemoPill® capsule is a non-imaging diagnostic tool equipped with a sensor for in vivo detection of liquid blood or hematin in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a life-threatening emergency situation. Early recognition for a successful treatment of an acute UGIB is crucial. Any delay will lead to a significant blood loss increasing the risk for the patient. In clinical practice, the decision on timing of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy usually depends on clinical interpretation and laboratory parameters. The capsule is supposed to support physicians in emergency triage of patients with acute UGIB. Here, we describe the according experiments and discuss sequence and causality as well as strengths and limitations.


: In the context of high-density passive UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag technology, the problem of mutual coupling has to be taken into account as one of the performance criteria of UHF RFID systems. In practical applications, mutual coupling changes the intrinsic parameters of the antennas attached to these tags, i.e., the impedance matching of the antenna and the chip and the radiation pattern. The objective of this study is to study the performance of some commercial tag prototypes by their level of sensitivity to mutual coupling. The 3D initialization model of the Printed Dipole, Printed T-Match, and Printed Meander tags were used to directly extract the mutual impedance values in various scenarios by the ANSYS HFSS software and compare them with the MATLAB software. The simulated results show the effectiveness of this study in obtaining a clear understanding of the performance of the tags. These results open new perspectives on the study of mutual tag-to-tag coupling for research and will help users to make better decisions in the choice of UHF RFID tags for the radio frequency identification of products.


The 14 years old cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-m telescopes have been upgraded in 2015/2016, with the goals of reducing the system failure rate, reducing the dead time and improving the overall performance of the array. This conference contribution describes the various tests that were carried out on the cameras and their sub-components both in the lab and on site. It also gives an overview of the commissioning and calibration procedures adopted during and after the installation, including e.g. flat-fielding and trigger threshold scans. Finally, it reports in detail about the overall performance of the four new H.E.S.S-I cameras, using very recent data.


Most of the industrial scale polymeric composites manufacturing processes are nonlinear systems with spatially varying outputs, states, controls and parameters. In practice, the spatially distributed nature of these processes is generally overlooked or ignored and conventional control and design techniques are applied using lumped models identified with input/output data from numerical simulations or real life experiments. These models suffer from strong interactions, apparent time delays and poor predictive capabilities due to the inability to capture the convective and diffusive phenomena. To resolve this issue, we develop fast and accurate online models using a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique in conjunction with a Galerkin formulation procedure. The utility of these reduced order models for online estimation and control of an experimental composite manufacturing unit is evaluated.


— In this paper, a cross layer design packet scheduling architecture is proposed for Long Term Evolution-Advanced downlink transmission, to guarantee the support of quality of service requirements in a mixed traffic environment. The proposed architecture uses service specific queue sorting algorithms for different traffic types and an adaptive time domain scheduling algorithm to adaptively allocate available resources to real time and non real time traffic. Multiuser diversity is exploited both in the time domain and frequency domain by jointly considering the channel state information and queue state information. The aim is to improve the support of QoS guarantees to real time voice and non real time streaming video traffic and to maintain a good trade-off between system throughput and user fairness by optimizing the use of available radio resources. Results show that proposed packet scheduling architecture reduces delay, delay viability and packet drop rate of real time traffic while satisfying minimum throughput requirements of non real time traffic and it maintains the system throughput and fairness among users at good level.


Abstract: This study investigated the effect of competition from wheat and below ground herbivory on the growth and reproduction of scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz (Asteraceae), a target plant for classical biological control. Field cages, in which scentless chamomile was planted, were established in 1994 near Neuenburg (Rhine Valley, Germany), and two weevil species, Diplapion confluens Kirby and Coryssomerus capucinus (Beck), were released alone (40 adults each) or together in a substitutive design (20 adults each). Wheat was sown alone or in combination with both herbivores as an additional stress factor. To test the cage effect on plant growth, an uncaged control was set up. At the end of the experiment, caged control plants were about 20 cm (18%) higher, and allocated more biomass to shoots and less to roots and seeds than uncaged plants. Competition from wheat reduced the number of shoots per T. perforatum plant from 7.6 to 3.2. As a consequence, the biomass of scentless chamomile plants that competed with wheat was reduced by 39% and reproductive output by 49%, compared with plants that were grown without competition. At the end of the experiment, 70–80% of T. perforatum plants had been attacked by an average of two to three D. confluens and 60–70% of plants by one to two C. capucinus. At these densities that were lower than expected, the two herbivores alone or in combination had no significant effect on any of the plant parameters measured. However, in the presence of wheat, herbivory further reduced the number of shoots per plant. We conclude that control of scentless chamomile using insect biocontrol agents will be more likely to be successful if agent densities are high, and agents are released in habitats where scentless chamomile is competing with other plant species.


Recently,The crime refer to urban migrations i s rather severe.That had seriously endangered the public order of cities.This ar ticle starts from the angle of binary constructions of economy in china,quotas A nomie Theory and other criminal theories,analyzes their criminal phenomena.In th e meantime,author's countermeasures have been given. \ \


Furnaces are widely used in industrial production.This paper analyses and discusses several control systems with time-delay.Compensation of the time-delay plant and the related measures are proposed.Simulation results are also given.


We present data on atom-triatomic state-to-state collisional transfer that shows an exponential drop in rate as a function of transferred angular momentum. Earlier data on diatomic molecules may also be interpreted in these terms and we outline an alternative model for rotational transfer based solely on angular momentum. In this model, the exponential drop in probability of transfer as a function of transferred angular momentum results from the convolution of the speed distribution with the radial function for the repulsive intermolecular potential. This interpretation offers the opportunity to obtain parameters of the intermolecular potential directly from spectroscopic experiments. An illustration of this angular-momentum-inversion method is given, yielding the first potential inverted from scattering data.


The results of experimental studies of an integrated inertial-satellite navigation system based on an accelerometric strapdown inertial navigation system based on spaced accelerometers are presented.


On the basis of homotopy method a widely convergence inversion scheme for solving nonlinear inverse problems called homotopy-regularization method is developed.The formation of it and its convergence theorem are given.


Adhesive jet dispensing is widely used in many applications. To achieve nano, precise and efficient dispensing, an electromagnetic drive dispenser is proposed. In this paper, the characteristics of a sample electromagnetic drive dispenser are measured and analyzed. According to the specialties of the sample dispenser, several improved suggestions are given, and the improved results are verified by a simulation model.


From coastal California seawater, a complex and diverse environment, the marine cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus were enriched by flow cytometry-based sorting and the population metagenome was analyzed with 454 sequencing technology. Interestingly, at least three distinct mobile DNA elements not found in model Synechococcus strain genomes were detected in the assembled contigs. These contigs were confirmed to be plasmids. p27638e, p31635e, and p31454e, were sequenced and described. p27638e, p31635e, and p314543e are 1425, 1558, and 1479 kb in length, respectively. Further analysis of natural samples has shed light on their diversity over time. A recombinant plasmid, pTOPO27638 was constructed for sequencing and development of a shuttle vector capable of transforming both Escherichia coli and Synechococcus CC9311. Sixteen presumptive ORFs were identified which may code small peptides. The deduced amino acid sequence of the largest ORFs were significantly similar to that of a putative plasmid replication, repA. Comparison of the replication proteins from p27638e, p31635e and p31454e to other plasmid replication proteins show that it may replicate via rolling circle replication. p27638e and p31635e were found to be positively correlated with marine Synechococcus over time in the environment


This article explores the world practice of using economic instruments to stimulate environmental activities, in particular taxes on emissions to atmospheric air. Objectives The article aims to study foreign experience in taxation of emission into atmospheric air. Methods For the study, we used the scientific methods of analysis and comparison. Results The article presents an overview of economic instruments of State regulation of adverse effects on atmospheric air, which are recognized as the most effective measures and are applied in practice in most states. Also, the article groups the types of taxes for emissions into atmospheric air practiced in various countries and shows the mechanism of their payment. Conclusions World experience shows a wide range of environmental taxes. Various countries use tools that encourage the payer to be environment friendly. The mechanism of influence on taxpayers differs between the countries. The choice of this or that instrument is the exclusive prerogative of each particular State. The main thing is to ensure the international obligations adopted by the State to reduce the harmful effects on the atmosphere that serve as inhibitors of negative processes in the environment.


Because of the temporal, spatial, and functional dimensions in distributed organizations, members' cognitive processes play an important role in executing tasks. Coordination is necessary for successfully finishing tasks in distributed organizations. Meanwhile, interdependence between sub-units is an intrinsic property of distributed organizations. We put forward an interdependent network model and applied simulation experiments to study the collective efficacy evolution of distributed organizations based on the theory of planned behavior. Experiment results show several insights for distributed organizations operation: (1) organizational size has an impact on collective efficacy evolution, and a size that is too small or too large is not helpful; (2) task payoff and task cost affect collective efficacy evolution only slightly, while task difficulty has considerable effect on collective efficacy evolution and distribution; (3) coordinating willingness affects interdependent network structure of distributed organizations, and further influences collective efficacy evolution and distribution; (4) a slightly interdependent weight difference between sub-units can benefit collective efficacy evolution and enhance members' collective efficacy; (5) imbalance in the size of sub-units decreases the collective efficacy.


Dispatching telephone system is a key part of power communication system,while the validity of each dispatching number is very important for the system.By analysis the detailed calling records,the dispatching exchange can identify the working state of each dispatching number.A technical proposal of dispatching number maintenance by using detailed calling records is introduced in this paper,which was implemented in Sichuan power dispatching telephone system.The result shows that it is an successful application and will benefit the safe operation of power dispatching system.


Single-phase polycrystalline powders of 0.5(Bi1-xLax)FeO3-0.5PbTiO3 solid-solution were synthesized for x ≤ 0.3 using solid-state reaction method. The mixed crystals exhibit a tetragonal structure at ambient and the c/a ratio decreases with x. In-situ X-ray diffraction measurements at elevated temperatures show a structural transition to a cubic phase. The transition temperatures have been obtained for different x and a x-T phase diagram has been proposed.


Scientists work to collect and store seeds of plant species in order to utilize the seed material in plant breeding efforts and also to conserve biodiversity. In addition to collecting seeds of wild species of plants, crop seeds are collected and stored. As the efforts to collect plant seeds from all over the world increase, the methodology for storing these seeds long term in seed banks under proper conditions has advanced. Researchers study seeds to determine their long term viability and the best storage conditions for maintaining that viability. It has been determined that storing the seeds in a cold dry location can preserve them for longer periods.


The Soviet Union's attempts to develop new global relationships are not limited to arms control, Soviet-U.S., or Soviet-European relations. As an integral part of its global strategy, the USSR is working to expand its political and economic relationships in Asia and the Pacific. The question of the Soviet economic role in the Pacific needs to be seen against the backdrop of Soviet domestic policy. For the Soviet Union, economic and political issues are inextricably linked, with domestic economic pressures currently driving Gorbachev's twin policies of perestroika and glasnost. In particular, the widespread shortage of even the most basic consumer goods and the continued deterioration of the Soviet economy and standard of living now threaten the foundations of the Soviet state itself. Soviet economic problems are compounded by the comparative strength of the European, American, and Pacific economies, which are steadily widening the gap in relative economic capabilities. The USSR's urgent need for capital and technology from the West to support economic restructuring explains much of the Soviet interest in rebuilding its foreign economic relationships. Arguably, however, Gorbachev's vision goes further, embracing a new structure of international economic and political relationships beyond the ideological divisions of the Cold War. Gorbachev's policies of political and economic reform within the USSR therefore provide the critical foundation for present efforts to revitalize its commercial and economic relationships overseas. The foreign business community looks at economic relations with the Soviet Union pragmatically. The basic questions are (1) is there business


Jane Webster has made an eloquent and compelling case for writing slavery – and other forms of unfree labour – back into the historiography of the Roman world. Her argument weaves together questions of the nature of evidence, the principles of comparative study and the politics of disciplinary practice. My own concern has been with the archaeology of European colonialism and the postcolony in South Africa, several oceans and more than a millennium away from the Roman world (Hall 1992; 1999; 2000). Webster bridges this divide through a direct question: 'it would be interesting to know whether Hall himself would feel that the "fact of slavery" . . . might generate recognizably similar material statements among other slave-owning peoples in other periods, including ancient ones' (p. 112). This is to respond to this question, and to tease out some of the provocative implications in Webster's sense of the possibilities inherent in a wider archaeological frame of enquiry.


A specialized town originated from the activity of "one village, one product". The development of specialized towns has undergone four stages. Shiling Town is one of such towns. Its success is attributable to a series of favorable conditions and effective measures, including talents, its geographical position, specialized markets, a developed communications and transportations network, construction of industrial zones, internet information platform, etc. Specialized towns will be a new starting point for economic growth in the countryside and a new motive power for urbanization of towns.


The study mainly emphasis on implementation of Aerocon blocks and panels in today's current scenario for cost effective speedy construction. Cost Effective Speedy Construction should be possible by utilization of appropriate planning and project management, low cost materials, economical construction innovations and alternate construction techniques and strategies accessible. The selection of building materials should address the issues of nearby conditions to enhance estimation of life for the wanted ones by building innovative structures or by refining existing structures. Many studies demonstrated that a different material has been utilized in various building frameworks with conventional and current modern strategies, however just few of them have effectively been executed in Low Cost Construction projects. The present time of land has aged, and the clay bricks and mortar are replaced with alternative development materials like Aerocon blocks and Panels. Countless properties in India are built with Aerocon blocks and the strategy is quickly thriving. The primary goal of this paper is to give itemized ponder on Cost Effective Speedy Construction utilizing AEROCON blocks and panels in construction industry.


PC David Rathband's Blue Lamp Foundation helps get injured Police Officers back on the beat donating £60,000 to Police Treatment Centres. ...