With growing populations and increased demand for water, it is necessary to ensure that increased pumping of aquifers does not reduce flows in rivers to levels that would limit the availability of water for drinking water supply, irrigation, and riparian habitat. Analytical solutions and numerical simulations have been used to quantify stream depletion, which is the change in stream flow due to pumping. Typically, in these approaches, the location of the pumping well is assumed to be known; thus they can be inefficient as a tool for siting new well locations. In this work, we develop a coupled surface water and groundwater adjoint model that can be used to quantify stream depletion due to pumping. With a single simulation of this coupled adjoint model, we obtain stream depletion quantities for a well at any location in the aquifer. This method can be used to identify feasible locations for new wells that limit stream depletion to acceptable levels.


Over the past three decades, our understanding of science learning in early childhood has improved exponentially and today we have a strong empirically based understanding of science experiences for children aged three to six years. However, our understanding of science learning as it occurs for children from birth to three years, is limited. We do not know enough about how scientific thinking develops across the first years of life. Identifying what we do know about science experiences for our youngest learners within the birth to three period specifically, is critical. This paper reviews the literature, and for the first time includes children in the birth to three period. The results are contextualised through a broader review of early childhood science education for children aged from birth to six years. Findings illustrated that the empirical research on science concept formation in the early years, has focused primarily, on children aged three to six years. The tendency of research to examine the process of concept formation in the birth to three period is also highlighted. A lack of empirical understanding of science concept formation in children from birth to three is evident. The eminent need for research in science in infancy–toddlerhood is highlighted.


1. Previous evidence for the existence of Ca2(+)‐activated K+ channels in lymphocytes comes from measurements using voltage‐sensitive dyes and from tracer flux studies. We have now directly measured these channels in human tonsillar B lymphocytes and rat thymocytes in single‐channel recordings from cell‐attached and excised patches. 2. In cell‐attached recordings, intracellular Ca2+ was raised by either ionomycin or replacement of external Ca2+ following incubation in Ca2(+)‐free medium. Indo‐1 measurements during the Ca2(+)‐replacement technique showed that [Ca2+]i rose from approximately 90 to 260 nM. Both techniques activated two channels of approximately 25 and 8 pS (slope conductance at 0 mV applied, with 140 mM‐K+ in the pipette). Over 90% of patches displayed this activity, indicating a high density of these channels in the membrane. 3. Both channels reversed near the K+ equilibrium potential with either KCl or potassium aspartate in the pipette, when the cells were bathed in normal or high‐K+ saline. Therefore, these channels are selective for K+. 4. The larger channel was studied in more detail. It displayed inward rectification in symmetrical K+ solutions. The open‐channel probability was weakly dependent on membrane potential. 5. Ca2(+)‐dependent K+ channels were also recorded from excised, inside‐out membrane patches. The threshold for activation was 200‐300 nM [Ca2+i]. 6. Patch excision altered some characteristics of IK(Ca). Channels were activated in fewer than 50% of patches and the main conductance level was approximately 34 pS (at ‐80 mV). The duration of single‐channel events was shorter than in cell‐attached patches; kinetic analysis suggested that this was due to the loss of an open state in excised patches. 7. We conclude that B and T lymphocytes have K(+)‐selective channels which are activated by internal [Ca2+] in the physiological range and which will influence the membrane potential during cell activation.


Abstract : This report summarizes the work performed in a two-phase ESTCP project to demonstrate the capabilities of commercially available ultrasonic guided wave technology for the detection, sizing, and growth monitoring of corrosion-induced defects in fuel piping. Corrosion-induced defects in long and inaccessible pipelines are a concern for the DOD because of the potential for leaks and oil spills on land and underwater. In Phase I, a pipeline was established in the facilities at the NSWCCD, incorporating welds, elbows, and hidden corrosion-induced defects to serve as a test bed for ultrasonic guided wave technology. In Phase II the technology was used to monitor a steel pipeline at the Naval Station, Norfolk, VA. using above and below ground transducers for a period of 20 months. Several locations suspected of having corrosion have not yet produced consistently increasing ultrasonic signals to warrant excavation and physical examination, an indirect indication of the efficacy of the cathodic protection system for the pipeline. It is recommended that monitoring be continued to further demonstrate this technology for future DOD and commercial use.


Diel changes in seven behavioural responses of male tsetse flies, G.morsitans, were measured under controlled conditions in the laboratory. These responses involved different motor and sensory modalities, and were evoked by stimuli that were either exogenously applied at regular intervals or were ever-present. Six (possibly seven) of the responses were modulated across the photophase (of LD 12: 12) in the V-pattern typical of biting behaviour in the field: morning and evening responses were greatest, noon least. Two of these rhythms were shown to persist in constant conditions, indicating that the underlying control is truly circadian.

Comparison of the form of an optokinetic response rhythm at high and low stimulus intensities, implied central control of the response modulation. This, plus the close similarity in phase of the different rhythms, is interpreted as indicating circadian changes in central excitatory state (arousal) as the underlying neurophysiological basis of behavioural rhythmicity. It is suggested that the sarrie arousal system controls the comparable, longer and shorter term changes in excitability that result from starvation, sex, etc.


Introduction: Abnormalities in the development of hands and fingers are caused by faulty signaling centers, together with or without abnormal production of important regulatory proteins. One of those abnormalities is the supernumerary digit. Postaxial supernumerary digit can present as a functioning or a nonfunctional digit. Case: We describe a case of a 29-year-old male with a postaxial supernumerary digit of the ulnar aspect of the bilateral fifth digit. Clinical Findings and Investigations: The patient had a growth of 0.5 cm over the ulnar aspect of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit of the right hand and 0.1 cm over the ulnar aspect of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit of the left hand with a broad base. X-rays of bilateral hands were sent. Intervention: Suture ligation or surgical excision was recommended for the patient, but they were both rejected by the patient. Conclusion: Bilateral hands with supernumerary digits are a rare congenital defect. The differential diagnosis of digital fibrokeratoma should be used by doctors. Simple observation, suture ligation, or excision with skin sutures are examples of potential treatments.


Na2O·5 Al2O3 solid electrolytes were synthesized by solid state reaction. The formation of b "/b phase,density and ionic conductivity of Na2O·5 Al2O3 was studied with sintering temperature by XRD and EIS. The results show that the b" phase content increases with the increasing of sintering temperature, and the density and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte sinters are optimized.


An instrument for automated monthly credit standing analysis based on data of the corporates current accounts is presented. Different methods of statistics and machine learning are used to develop scoring models for the supervision of debtors. The following methods were selected for model developement:

Linear Discriminant Analysis

Pattern Recognition (k-nearest-neighbours)

Genetic Algorithms

Neural Networks

Decision Trees

The developed models were compared not only concerning their classification results but also concerning score distribution, transparency and IT-realisation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract This study assesses the argument that common ethnic identity has facilitated the creation of transnational business networks leading to the rise of a new economically powerful "global tribe" comprising ethnic Chinese from East and Southeast Asia. The primary contention in this article is that a network with the economic clout of a "global tribe" would entail interlocking stock-ownership ties, a sharing of resources and cooperation to the point of merger. Through an in-depth analysis of investments in China by ethnic Chinese from Malaysia, this article proves that even major Chinese-owned companies have little or no interlocking stock ownership and directorate links, either domestically or across borders, with other Chinese-owned companies. The growing inflow of investments into China by ethnic Chinese from Southeast Asia is primarily due to endeavours by government leaders in the region and China to encourage businesses to invest in the Mainland.


Abstract: In his 2007 novel Falling Man, Don DeLillo depicts New York City, in the aftermath of the attacks on the World Trade Center, as a place in which nearly everyone seems to be experiencing some form of religious longing. Still, for almost all of DeLillo's characters, religious longing remains disconnected from any formal religious practice or any community of faith. The most significant exception is the book's main character, Lianne Glenn, who struggles to return to Catholicism, partly through her memory of an encounter in college with the theology of Soren Kierkegaard, partly through her work with a writing group of Alzheimer's patients, and partly through her memories of her father's rigidly traditional Catholicism. Lianne's discovery of a more questioning Catholicism continues the preoccupation in DeLillo's fiction with the struggle for spirituality and morality in a contemporary America. More specifically, it also clarifies the growing significance in his recent work of the spirituality of Ignatius Loyola. ********** In societies reduced to blur and glut, terror is the only meaningful act. There's too much everything, more things and messages and meanings than we can use in ten thousand lifetimes. Inertia-hysteria. Is history possible? Is anyone serious? Who do we take seriously? Only the lethal believer, the person who kills and dies for faith. Everything else is absorbed. ... Only the terrorist stands outside. DeLillo, Mao II [F]ar easier to be like the others, to become an imitation, a number, a cipher in the crowd. Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death Throughout the first half of Don DeLillo's Falling Man, the retired art historian, Nina Bartos, conducts an academic and sometimes angry argument with her lover, Martin Ridnour, a shady art dealer and former political radical (we later learn that "Martin Ridnour" is not his real name). Like just about everyone else in New York City in the days immediately following September 11,2001, they are preoccupied with terrorism. Mostly, they argue about the role that religion might or might not have played in the attack on the World Trade Center. Nina blames the attack largely on the terrorists' religious beliefs, which she considers superstitious and atavistic: "Dead wars, holy wars. God could appear in the sky tomorrow" (46). Martin replies that religion per se really has nothing to do with it: "Forget God. These are matters of history. This is politics and economics.... They use the language of religion, okay, but this is not what drives them" (47). At one especially telling moment, Nina describes terrorism as "a viral infection" (113). Her intention is to refute Martin's claim of ideological determinism--that this outbreak of violence can be explained only in terms of human grievances inexorably shaped by history, politics, and economics. Nina argues that, like a virus--and presumably like religion--terrorism "reproduces itself outside of history" (113). This debate recurs throughout the book, largely through DeLillo's depiction of the Al Qaida operative Muhammad Atta, but it is never resolved. Ironically, though, just as Nina's argument stalls, her metaphor prevails: in Falling Man, something in New York City seems to have "gone viral" reproducing itself instantaneously, impervious to politics, apparently ineradicable, beyond our usual understanding of history. In this subterranean way--and also more explicitly than any of DeLillo's previous books--Falling Man becomes a religious novel. More specifically, it becomes an extended meditation on the possibilities or impossibilities of religious belief and practice at this particular moment in "history" What has "gone viral" after the attack on the World Trade Center is not religion, exactly, but religious longing. DeLillo depicts a contemporary New York City--literally and figuratively a "post-9/11" New York City--in which nearly everyone is arguing about God, or thinking about God, or experimenting with some kind of surrogate for religion. …


The decision of  "haram" which is coming from  The Indonesian Islamic Scholar Council (MUI ) against such a group which has homo sexual oriented and the death penalty for sexual offenders "deviant" make the people of Indonesia shaken, especially those who feel they have gender identity "third". "Religion" which should give way ease, as if to bury alive a person who has a gay sexual orientation. In fact, legal instruments, regional, national and international human rights recognize their rights as human beings. By using contemporary humanities social approach, this paper presents the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual And Transgender group as a human's dignity to be treated like a human being which must be respected.


The clinical symptom and anatomical pathology effect of sulphaquinoxalin administration were studied in 12 male -seven days-old Hubbard broiler chickens with the weight of 85.57.83 g. The chickens were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 each. The P0 group as control group just orally received aquadest and the P groups were treated 1 orally with 0.1% sulphaquinoxalin which dissolved in drinking water. The sulphaquinoxalin was administrated for seven days. At the end of experiment all chickens were sacrificed for necropsy. The results indicated that less appetite and drinking water as well as decrease of body weight (P<0.01). Ptechial haemorrhagic was seen in thorax and femur muscle, mucosa of duodenum, liver, kidney, heart, lung, and spleen. The liver, kidney, heart, and spleen were swollen.


Within the context of development, there is now a general agreement that information and communication technologies (ICTs) are a powerful tool for development and poverty reduction. Thus, the central question for developing countries is not whether ICTs should be introduced for development purposes but rather, what will be the best way to implement ICTs with a focus on poverty reduction, and in a manner that facilitates developing countries to respond to the information society. Various models have been developed to explain the relationship between ICTs and development. This article presents an analysis of the models and assesses their applicability in the context of developing countries. Some of the challenges that developing countries face in leveraging ICTs for development are also highlighted. Finally, the article combines ideas from these models to come up with a tripartite ICT model for development framework that includes the best of all the discussed models.


Monitoring for the migration of contaminants in groundwater or for the proper design of nuclear test emplacement holes at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) requires proper placement and completion of monitoring wells. This is only possible if the hydrogeologic system is understood in a regional and local context, necessitating data from existing wells and boreholes. Though the NTS Groundwater Characterization Project will be drilling wells, their great expense limits the number of new wells. However, there are many existing boreholes and wells on the NTS which have not been completely evaluated hydrologically. Some of these are incorporated in the Long Term Hydrologic Monitoring Program (LTHMP) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), others are related to the testing programs. In all cases, additional site investigation in necessary to properly interpret the hydrogeologic data from these wells. Monitoring wells on the NTS are poorly characterized with regard to aquifers penetrated, vertical hydraulic gradients, and vertical variations in water quality. One of the goals of the well validation program was to gain a thorough understanding of the parameters needed to interpret the source and fate potential hazardous and radioactive substances that may be detected in these wells in the future. One of the most critical parameters for monitoring is the knowledge of what aquifer or geologic unit is being sampled when a water sample is collected. Pumped water samples are weighted most heavily to the water quality of the most productive (highest transmissivity) aquifer penetrated by the well.


AIM: To explore the oxidant-antioxidant status and levels of mononuclear cells (PBMCs) oxdative DNA damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to value the effect of resveratrol on peripheral blood mononuclear cells oxidative DNA damage in T2DM patients in vitro. METHODS: The DNA damages in PBMCs of 39 T2DM patients with vascular complication, and 29 T2DM patients without complication were detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet percentage). The levels of plasma total antioxidative capacity (TAC), the contents of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and plasma thiol group (SH) were measured. The effect of resveratrol on DNA damage of T2DM patients were investigated in vitro. In addition, 26 healthy subjects were studied as a control group. RESULTS: The comet percentage of PBMCs and the contents of plasma MDA in T2DM patients without complication were all significantly higher than that in healthy controls (P 0.01 ). The levels of plasma TAC and the contents of plasma thiol group in T2DM patients without complication were all remarkably lower than that in healthy controls (all P 0.01 ). The comet percentage of PBMCs and the contents of plasma MDA in T2DM patients without complication were significantly lower than that in T2DM patients with vascular complication(P 0.05 ),and the levels of plasma TAC in T2DM patients without complication were significantly higher than that in T2DM patients with vascular complication (P 0.05 ). There were positively correlations between the comet percentage of PBMCs and the contents of plasma MDA in T2DM patients without complication and T2DM patients with vascular complication(r= 0.446 ,P 0.05 ; r= 0.504 , P 0.01 ); and there were negatively correlations between the comet percentage of PBMCs and the contents of plasma TAC in the two groups(r=- 0.418 ,P 0.05 ; r=- 0.399 , P 0.05 ). The comet percentage of PBMCs of patients were reduced by 10 μmol·L~ -1 resveratrol at 4 hours in vitro (P 0.05 ). CONCLUSION: There are oxidant-antioxidant unbalance and oxidative DNA damage in T2DM patients, particularly in the patients with vascular complication. Oxidative stress is probably involved in pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complication. Resveratrol can reduce the oxdative DNA damage of PBMCs in patients with T2DM in vitro. Antioxidants supplementation may benefit the prevention of diabetic vascular complication.


In order to find out the correlation between depletion of groundwater and tunnel excavation, a series of investigation has been executed including geological, hydrogeological and geophysical surveys. Instead of direct measurements of inflow rates of groundwater into the tunnel, water discharge rates were analyzed. Electrical resistivity tests were adopted in geophysical survey. Fracture zones like shear bands and faults that may serve as conduits of groundwater flow were detected through geological and geophysical surveys. Comparing resistivity profile with water discharge rates, it was known that a great extent of groundwater must have flowed into the tunnel through these fracture zones in the early time of excavation. The results of other hydrological tests and geophysical measurements, however, show that the flow system of underground water must have returned to the hydraulic equilibrium state in the past due to the natural recovery and tunnel lining.


Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen and is used to treat prostatic cancer. This study compared Flutamide tablet and Fugerel (Schering Plough Carp, USA) in the treatment of Prostatic cancer (100 cases for Flutamide V. S. 31 cases for Fugerel). The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference with respect to response rates (Flutamide 86% , Fugerel 87. 09% respectivelly)and no obvious adverse reaction was found. These data indicate that Flutamide is an effective and save agent in the management of patients with pro-static cancer.


Unified metamorphic methodologies have led to many robust advances, including forward-error correction and SCSI disks [2]. Although it at first glance seems perverse, it has ample historical precedence. In this position paper, we disconfirm the analysis of the Image edge detection method [21]. Our focus here is not on whether architecture can be made unstable, concurrent, and self-learning, but rather on describing an analysis of Image edge detection method using vector order


Let $N$ be a normalizer of the diagonal torus $T_1\cong \mathbb{G}_m$ in $\text{SL}_2$. We prove localization theorems for $\text{SL}_2^n$ and $N^n$ for equivariant cohomology with coefficients in the (twisted) Witt sheaf, along the lines of the classical Atiyah-Bott localization theorems for equivariant cohomology for a torus action. We also have an analog of the Bott residue formula for $\text{SL}_2^n$ and $N$. In the case of an $\text{SL}_2^n$-action, there is a rather serious restriction on the orbit type. For an $N$-action, there is no restriction for the localization result, but for the Bott residue theorem, one requires a certain type of decomposition of the fixed points for the $T_1$-action.


We discuss a constant which arises in several problems related to optimal exercise of American derivative securities. Introduction In the paper [6], we have encountered an interesting constant. More precisely, we have considered the following problem in [6]: determine a stopping time τ ∈ [0, T ] such that the mathematical expectation E [ S τ − S τ ] is maximal, where S t and S 2 t are correlated geometric Brownian motions. This problem can be viewed as a problem on the optimal exercise time to exchange two assets. It is shown in [6] that the optimal exchange moment is the first time when a certain increasing function β(t) exceeds the ratio S t /S 2 t , and that this "threshold" function satisfies the following equation: β(T − t) = δ1 δ2 [ 1− σa(T − t) +O(T − t) ] , t → T−, where δi is a drift coefficient for S i t , σ is the volatility for S1(t)/S2(t), and the constant a is a solution of a certain complicated equation (we will present this equation later in this paper). In the same paper [6], another characterization of the constant a is obtained; namely, a is a solution of the equation (1) a = sup τ∈[0,1] E [τWτ ] E [τ ] , where W is the standard Brownian motion and where the supremum is taken over the set of all stopping times. Later we found other papers where this constant is discussed. For example, the constant is used in [8, 3, 5] in the problem of an optimal exercise for an American option on a dividend-paying stock and, in [4], for the problem of optimal exercise of delayed-exercise options. In some papers, say in [8, 2, 4], this constant is written in a different form, a √ 2 instead of a; however, its value is the same, since the underlying term of the asymptotic expansion in our studies is aσ(T − t), while the corresponding term in [8, 2, 4] is cσ( 1 2 (T − t)). A similar reason explains why a/ √ 2 is used in [3] instead of a. In this paper, we derive an equation for the constant a straight from equality (1) (equality (1) and another characterization of a are derived in [6] rather implicitly). 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60G40; Secondary 60J65, 35R35.


Recent research has demonstrated that cracking can be monitored in concrete using conductive surface elements. One complication with using conductive surface elements is that each element requires a separate data acquisition channel. To overcome this hurdle, a frequency selective circuit (FSC) has been developed to rapidly and simultaneously interrogate the response of multiple conductive surface elements. The response of the FSC is analyzed using numerical methods and the use of the FSC is demonstrated using a pilot study in which conductive surface coatings were used to simultaneously monitor the time of cracking of multiple restrained concrete rings. Results indicate that the FSC can be used to monitor a large number of surface coating elements. This technology could be extended to other resistance based sensors. The FSC approach has the potential to be used for health monitoring of infrastructure elements where a large number of sensors are used.


The copyright trade is one of the dominant industries leading to economic growth in the developed countries. However the copyright trade deficit of China has already affected China's economic and cultural status. Scholars in Chinese theoretical circle tends to conduct their researches on China's copyright trade by generally undergoing a process from practical exploration to theoretical understanding,which,however,is closely connected with the reality abroad with less independent theoretical researches. Moreover most of them focus on legal domain with little on copyright trade deficit. The paper points out that the correlative literatures show that researches on existing copyright trade are not enough,and that more referential studies of the development of Copyright trade are required. It is of great importantce and significance to sort out and summarize China's copyright trade documents and to understand the reason for these phenomena from another angle.


How do people learn mathematics? How is individual learning related to collective knowledge? What part does biology play in learning processes? What is the influence of the social context on the learning of mathematics? My thinking around these issues has been shaped by ideas coming from biology and neuroscience, particularly those related to the enactive approach to cognition. Ideas emerging from these theories emphasise the complexity of the nature of cognition and learning. From doing mathematics and trying to teach the subject to other people I became concerned with education and learning. In trying to acquire, share or enhance mathematical knowledge I found myself deeply engaged with questions that have to do with how people construct and develop their knowledge. I began to wonder about both my own and other people's thinking processes as I found difficulties widely spread in the learning of mathematics. I also became aware of different ways of learning and of common misconceptions and interpretations. I started to develop my own 'learning theories' based on what I could notice in schools, lessons, pupils and myself. Furthermore, my ideas about knowledge have also been shaped by the reading I have done about learning in several areas and disciplines. I have been influenced by work done in the areas of biology – especially those ideas stemming from cybernetics and general systems theory – and neuroscience. I want to explore the way in which my interpretations of these theories have influenced my work as my ideas have emerged and developed in the process of doing research in mathematics education. During my first years in school I thought that learning mathematics was something that needed little or no effort at all. I went to a Montessori school for several years and I happily worked with numbers and solved, with no difficulty, problems that required mathematical reasoning. I later attended more traditional mathematics lessons, but still had no problem following the courses. I liked mathematics problems because they required no memorising and because solving them gave me a great feeling. It was not until I entered the world of higher mathematics that I realised that things could be a little more complicated. A variety of activities, like reading, writing, practising, thinking and reflecting were now part of my own learning, which appeared to have turned into a complex process that, surprisingly (to me), needed time to develop. Sometimes things suddenly became clear after a period of time in which there were moments of complete confusion. At other times, things were clear from the beginning or they never became clear at all. Learning, then, was a matter of creating and building; a process that, I felt at the time, had to be worked out mainly by the student. Later, when I started teaching mathematics, I realised that successes and failures did not depend exclusively on the students' work and internal processes. As a teacher, I had an important role in shaping students' learning. The type of activities I designed, the way I presented them and the way I organised the work in the classroom were all crucial elements; much more than a mere influence on a process that was supposed to be mainly internal. My ideas about learning became increasingly complex after my experiences with teaching. Although students did seem to go through some kind of internal reasoning process, this could be influenced by the learning environment that surrounded them. Different teachers and different teaching techniques led to different outcomes in the learning of mathematics. Moreover, different schools and different cultures expected and fostered different kinds of mathematics. I began to consider learning as a process where many elements including teachers, teaching approaches, classroom activities and of course, learners, were involved. These initial ideas were vaguely formulated, it was when I engaged in conversations with other teachers and friends that I became aware of them. But it was reading the literature and talking about what I read that really shaped my thoughts and helped me explain, in a more coherent manner, what I experienced in the classroom as a mathematics learner, teacher and then observer.


whether Catholics or Protestants would control local politics. Class consciousness never became strong enough to rupture the confessional alignments because Catholics and Protestants were present in proportional numbers in both the possessing and laboring classes. Some readers will be inconvienced by the need to shift back and forth constantly between French and English; there are actually few quotations, phrases, or terms which would have been distorted by translation. Some readers, too, will be disappointed that Fitzpatrick has made no attempt to specify and clarify the role played by the churches and clergy in the religious conflicts. In addition, the nation's electorate was doubled in 1830 from just under 90,000 to 161,183, not to "about one million" as cited on page 122. But overall, readers will like the book. It is well-researched, well-organized, well-written, and it tells an important story.


In order to characterize the structure and regulation of members of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) family (Type IV PDEs; PDE4 family), we have cloned from the rat a cDNA, pRPDE39, encoding a novel member of this family, which we call RNPDE4A8. Sequencing of the pRPDE39 cDNA shows it to be encoded by the rat PDE4A gene, but to differ from two other PDE4A transcripts, RD1 (pRPDE8; RNPDE4A1) and pRPDE6 (RNPDE4A5), by the presence of a unique region at its 5′ end, consistent with alternative mRNA splicing. The pRPDE39 cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 763 amino acids, of which all but 21, located at the extreme amino terminus, are found in the pRPDE6 protein. Expression of pRPDE39 in COS cells produced a protein of 98 ± 1.4 kDa, as determined by immunoblotting with an antiserum specific to the carboxyl-terminal regions of all PDE4A proteins, compared to a predicted value of 87.5 kDa. RNase protection analysis detected pRPDE39 mRNA only in testis. Immunoblotting of testis extracts demonstrated two bands of 97 ± 2 and 87 ± 3 kDa, the larger of which co-migrated with the band seen in COS cells expressing pRPDE39. COS cell expressed pRPDE39 partitioned between a high speed pellet (particulate) fraction (15% of protein; 8% of activity) and a cytosolic fraction. The particulate fraction had a K for cAMP of 3.3 ± 0.6 μM, and the cytosolic fraction a K of 5.4 ± 2.8 μM. The V values for the pRPDE39 protein, relative to the RD1 protein, were 0.16 ± 0.06 and 0.29 ± 0.05 for the particulate and cytosolic forms, respectively. The pRPDE39-encoded PDE activity could not be removed from the particulate fraction by high salt concentrations, or by nonionic detergents. The pRPDE39-encoded enzyme was inhibited by rolipram at an IC of 0.5 ± 0.2 μM for the particulate form and 1.0 ± 0.2 μM for the cytosolic form, which are values typical of PDE4 family members. The highly tissue-specific distribution of the pRPDE39 mRNA suggests that the pRPDE39 protein functions to modulate a cAMP signaling pathway that is present largely, if not exclusively, in the testis.


To Engineer Is Human should be in every engineer's library. It is a well-written book presenting a fascinating insight into engineering. However, my review is more in the nature of an editorial than a book review. Not that To Engineer Is Human does not warrant reviewing it certainly does. But I also want to comment on an issue the book raises, one that I have been particularly sensitive to over the last decade. The book's title is obviously a play on Alexander Pope's line, "To err is human, to forgive divine." The book takes the totally reasonable position that engineers learn more from failure than they do from success. As the author notes in the preface: "The concept of failure-mechanical and structural is the context of this discussion-is central to understanding engineering.... Thus, the colossal disasters that do occur are ultimately failures in design, but the lessons learned from these disasters can do more to advance engineering knowledge than all the successful machines and structures in the world." To develop this thesis, the author discusses some well-known engineering failures: the collapse of the skywalks in the Kansas City Hyatt Regency Hotel in 1981, the Tacoma Narrows bridge collapse in 1940, and the American Airlines DC 10 crash in Chicago in 1979. The author argues that it is only through these spectacular failures that one can really learn what the limits of design are. His arguments are persuasive. Petroski suggests that such failures occur because 0 the designer didn't ask the right questions when investigating potential failure modes;


A series of five experiments were carried out to find an alternative to eyestalk ablation for inducing and controlling vitellogenesis in penaeid shrimps. Several extracts from squid were tested as supplements to a basal diet. Polar components of hydro-alcohol (ethanol/dicloromethane/water, 2:2:1:8) soluble and lipid squid fractions (Bligh & Dyer), when incorporated in formulated feed at low doses, trigger secondary vitellogenesis in 15–35 g female Penaeus vannamei, showing maturations of the same order of magnitude as the eyestalk-ablated controls. Achievement of vitellogenesis was estimated by a homologous ELISA-vitellogenin test. Even though the nature of the active molecules was not completely elucidated, the results obtained indicate that they may probably be steroid-like molecules of cephalopods, acting in a heterologous way.


In this paper, were using moving averages to pave the Neutrosophic time series. similar to use moving averages to pave the classical time series. the difference, here were dealing with inaccurate data and values of the time series.in the Neutrosophic time series, each unit of time(t) corresponds to a range of values instead of a single value. Finally, we find that the Neutrosophic time series provide an accurate description of the behavior of the series better than in the classic. Therefore, can predict the future of the series as accurately as possible.


- The development of Rapid Prototyping technology for customized implants that minimize bone removal while maximizing the fit and the "usability" of the implant. The process involves integrating technologies of Computed Tomography (CT), image processing, Fused deposition modeling (FDM), finite element analysis (FEA), and lost wax casting in the design and fabrication of a near optimal fit between the patient's bone and the implant component.The analysis verified that the optimized interface surface produced a more even load distribution compared to the "standard" design. A conservative calculative estimate of 50% decrease in bone removal may result by adopting the following procedure.


Abstract This article examines the upstream–downstream integration model in the context of Sino–African petroleum engagement (in four countries in particular) as a means to evaluate China's capacity to export its own experiences or development model to other developing countries. The discourse of so-called developmental resource nationalism provides the theoretical orientation. The article finds that China is able to share its development experiences to promote industrialisation and improve local socioeconomic conditions through concrete project building. However, the effect of such 'exports' is problematic and is dependent on several specific conditions. The article concludes that China is not in a position to export to other countries a fully-fledged or revolutionary developmental model, even in a narrowly defined industrial sector.


PURPOSE: To obtain a fiber sheet excellent in morphological stability and having both highly heat-insulating properties and air permeability by striatedly dispersing a resin containing ceramics and a metal all over the one side of a web. CONSTITUTION: This fiber sheet is obtained by dispersing and coating a resin 3 on a web 2, permeating and making thickwise striae 4 and forming a resin film not only on the web surface but also in the web and so the sheet has highly heat-insulating properties and ≥10 cm 3 /cm 2 .s permeability wherein the web 2 comprises fiber 1 such as cotton or polyester short fiber and the resin 3 is acrylic resin, a styrene/butadiene resin or the like and contains ceramics (e.g. zirconia, silica or alumina having 0.05-10 μm particle diameter) or the ceramics and a metal (e.g. aluminum or zinc) and is dispersed and coated 0.5-50 wt.% based on fiber weight of the web by screen method or the like. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


P ancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) represent approximately 3% of primary pancreatic neoplasms, with approximately 1000 new cases per year in the United States.1 The natural history of these malignancies is poorly defined and understood, which contributes to why there are 3 commonly used staging systems. Most often, these tumors are classified by the 2010 WHO (World Health Organization) staging system, which relies on size, metastases, mitotic rate, perineural invasion, angioinvasion, and Ki67.2 The lesions classified as well-differentiated by the WHO are a heterogeneous group, which are further divided into lowand intermediate-grade lesions on the basis of proliferative rate, as measured by mitoses and the Ki67 labeling index. Many groups have tried to simplify the WHO staging system by focusing on size, metastases, number of mitoses, necrosis, and/or CK19 staining.3,4 Ellison and colleagues5 compared a staging system entirely based on the grade (as measured by Ki67 index) with the 2 existing staging systems: AJCC (2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer) and ENETS (2006 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society). This novel staging system uses grade to predict overall survival (OS). Tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastases did not improve the model's prognostic ability. In contrast to the work by Ellison and colleagues, where lymph node status is not a prognostic factor, Hashim and colleagues6 report that a lymphadenectomy is essential when treating PNETs. By retrospectively examining the data of 136 patients who underwent pancreatic resection and lymphadenectomy, both lymph node metastases and Ki67 more than 20% were predictors of recurrence-free survival. Predictors of OS were an R1 resection and Ki67 more than 20%. On the basis of these 2 studies and the results reported by others, the role of lymphadenectomy in the treatment of PNETs remains unclear. Many physicians looking for guidance use the NCCN (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) guidelines, which recommend a lymph node dissection for lesions larger than 2 cm in size. Although no one would debate that knowing the lymph node status improves the staging of the patient, it is not clear whether a lymphadenectomy has any effect on OS.7–9 Would leaving positive lymph nodes behind decrease a patient's survival? Doubtful, because we have no evidence to support an improved survival with a lymph node dissection in any other gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric cancer.10 Without a lymphadenectomy, a more limited operation can be performed. As expected, a more limited operation has been associated with decreased operative time, blood loss, serious postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and risk of postoperative diabetes/pancreatic insufficiency.11 For operations in which 44% of patients have 1 or more complications,12 can we justify a lymphadenectomy that may increase the morbidity and mortality further? If the prognostic information is deemed essential, we may want to consider sentinel lymph node biopsies, similar to other cancers, as one method of potentially reducing morbidity. Because the "oncological" resection including the draining lymph node basins seems to be prognostic, rather than therapeutic, can we justify the morbidity? Yes, if surveillance or survival could be improved. Accurate staging has several advantages—it sets expectations for patients and identifies recurrent disease via optimal surveillance strategies. Currently, postresection surveillance has not been standardized. If surveillance schedules were improved and standardized, the expense and morbidity of blood work and imaging could be reduced. The NCCN guidelines recommend surveillance at 3 to 12 months in the first year and then every 6 to 12 months for a maximum of 10 years. These are very broad time frames, with patients potentially being subject to anywhere from 11 to 24 imaging studies over the course of 11 years. More imaging studies may lead to earlier detection of metastases. However, does an earlier intervention for recurrent disease in asymptomatic patients improve survival? Small retrospective series advocate for metastasectomy for PNETs, but there are significant biases when selecting patients, making conclusions difficult. These series have contributed


The Watch Tower Project in Beijing Olympic Park is a high-rise steel structure.In order to strengthen the steel tube column which is main force bearing member of the tower body,the strength of internal concrete is improved and concrete pouring height is increased to resist the structural load.During construction of steel tube concrete column,the concrete is poured in segments by high dropping method,which utilizes the kinetic energy generated by dropping from a high level during pouring to realize self-flattening and fill the steel tube column.Vibration-free self-compacting high strength concrete is used to reduce concrete shrinkage,ensure reliable bonding between steel tube and concrete and guarantee concrete pouring quality.


This article explores the affective responses to terrorist attacks in Western Europe, visually manifested through the memes 'Je suis Charlie', 'Peace', and 'I heart MCR' . By invoking the universal peace and solidarity signs, these responses mobilised an iconic repertoire that framed the responses as peaceful retaliations to terrorist attacks in solidarity with the victims and in that respect, helped to visualise and foster positive emotions in times of crisis. Indeed, the memes were articulated as the antidote (love) that can defy the brutality and hatred of terrorists. This article challenges this view in two ways. First, the article argues that the visual interventions constitute technologies of emotional governance that police subjects about whom to love, to whom solidarity should be extended and when and where those feelings should be displayed. Second, drawing on the work of Gilles Deleuze on Francis Bacon, this article demonstrates that by propagating iconic representations of solidarity, peace and love, 'meming' attends to the logic of the sensational and the cliché and thereby falls short of contesting terrorism through sensing peace, love and solidarity. Finally, the article addresses how the violence of sensation can release the invisible forces that can be made productive in celebrating life.


As complexity grows the importance of system level exploration, design, verification and debug becomes inescapable. However while there has been great progress in process technology, tools and methodologies resulting in ever more sophisticated platforms some of the critical design parameters have been moving in the wrong direction. Power is becoming a critical challenge that will require new solutions for both design and manufacturing if the roller coaster ride is to continue.


PurposeThe purpose of this article is to examine the impact of panic and hysteria news on the volatility of microchip stocks during Covid-19.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the P-GARCH (1,1) and random effects regression to model/examine the impact of Covid-19 panic and hysteria news on the overall microchip sector and individual firms. They further utilize the SVAR model to examine volatility spill-over from the microchip sector to the automobile and main technology sectors. Their time frame ranges from 6th January 2020 to 30th June 2021 to capture the effects of both waves of Covid-19.Findings The study results firstly reveal that Covid-19 panic and hysteria news have tremendous potential to model the volatility of microchip sector stock thus confirming the information discovery hypothesis. The authors secondly demonstrate the influence of Covid-19 cases, deaths and policy stringency on stock returns of individual microchip companies in different countries. Finally the authors confirm the presence of volatility spill-over from the microchip sector to other technology sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors provide evidence to support the profundity of bad news in predicting stock behavior. The study results depict how Covid-19 has affected microchip stocks so that policy initiatives can be taken to protect the industry. The presence of volatility spill-over signifies the importance of diversifying portfolios by mixing technology and non-technology stocks.Originality/valueThe research strand on Covid-19 and individual sectoral stocks has received limited scholarly attention despite unparallel effects of the pandemic on different sectors.


Background: Some types of flavonoid intermediates seemed to be restricted to plants. Naringenin is a typical plant metabolite, that has never been reported to be produced in prokariotes. Naringenin is formed by the action of a chal‑ cone synthase using as starter 4‑coumaroyl‑CoA, which in dicotyledonous plants derives from phenylalanine by the action of a phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Results: A compound produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus has been identified by LC–MS and NMR as naringenin and coelutes in HPLC with a naringenin standard. Genome mining of S. clavuligerus revealed the presence of a gene for a chalcone synthase (ncs), side by side to a gene encoding a P450 cytochrome (ncyP) and separated from a gene encoding a Pal/Tal ammonia lyase (tal). Deletion of any of these genes results in naringenin non producer mutants. Complementation with the deleted gene restores naringenin production in the transformants. Furthermore, narin‑ genin production increases in cultures supplemented with phenylalanine or tyrosine.


Objective To discuss the clinical value of β-HCG and progesterone in hemoperitoneum and serum for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods 68 cases of ectopic pregnancies were detected for β-HCG and progesterone in hemoperitoneum and serum by radioimmunassay.Results β-HCG and Progesterone was higher in Hemoperitoneum than in Serum,and there was a significant difference between them(P0.001).The higer β-HCG and progesterone in hemoperitoneum and serum is,the more valume of hemoperitoneum.Conclusion It is significant for β-HCG and progesterone in hemoperitoneum and serum in early diagnosing ectopic pregnancy.


This paper aims to assess and analyse the legal regime, the importance, and the legal and regulatory effect that trade unions, and subsequently collective bargaining, have in a legal system and in the hierarchy of norms therein, both at the national and international level. After a systemic principal overview, the construction of the paper departs from the fact that under the foundational principles of international law, employees' rights protection is guaranteed by both custom and codified norms. However, the form of enforcement of this social guarantee is highly dependent on the consensual nature of the international arena and on the states' compliance with the internationally accepted standards and their immersion into the national systems of law. Moreover, the paper analyses, in an interdisciplinary manner, both the legal regimes of collective bargaining and trade unions and comparative cases, with particular stress on the UAE and the situation at the regulatory and enforcement levels therein. Finally, the findings of the paper militate towards a more prolific enforcement regime and the development of adjacent resources, regulatory or policy related, for a higher protection of employees' rights thereto.


Among many types of architectural objects, theatres have a distinct place. Or is it just our understanding – we might even say a preconception, which arises from contemplating about multifaceted spiritual and architectural programme of these edifices, their complex functional and technological structure, urban, social, and even ideological function. However, through in-depth research and evaluation of the contribution that theatre architecture has given to the very phenomenon of theatre on one side, and the place and the role of theatre structures in the history of architecture on the other side, we will come to very different conclusions.


§ 1. The object of the present paper is to notice certain forms into which the series for the primary elliptic functions admit of being thrown, and to discuss the identical relations to which they give rise. These latter, it will be shown,. may be obtained directly by the aid of Fourier's theorem, or in a less straightforward manner by ordinary algebra. § 2. Whenever we have a periodic function of x, say ψx, such that ψx=ψ(x+μ), it is well known that we may assume, for all values of x, ψx=A0+A1 cos 2πx/μ+A2 cos 4πx/μ+&c. +B1 sin 2πx/μ+B2 sin4πx/μ+&c.; and if ψx be even, so that ψx=ψ(‒x), then B1, B2, &c. all vanish; while if ψx is uneven, so that ψx=‒ψ(‒x), A0, A1, &c. vanish. If ψx is such that ψx=‒ψ(x+μ), then we have ψx=A1 cos πx/μ+A3 cos 3πx/μ+ &c. or =B1 sin πx/μ+B3·sin 3πx/μ+ &c., according as ψx is even or uneven.


To evaluate the capacity and service level of road section under damaged state accurately, it is necessary to study the quantified influence of damaged pavement on headway and average travel speed of road. In this paper, pot hole's width, rut depth, crack ratio and gap repair ratio were used as the evaluate indicators of the status of damaged pavement. Based on the parameter that surveyed on different level of damaged pavement sections, the affects of damaged pavement on saturated headway and average travel speed are analyzed. It shows that saturated headway and average travel speed are correlated with urban road grade and pavement's status.


This article is a consideration of the relationship between the location of factories, and the size of factory sites (expressed in terms of the area of factory site per employee), and density of buildings (where the index of site capacity=amount of built-up area/site area). The article examines the occurrence of this relationship throughout Japan, and in the Chukyo urban Zone (the city of Nagoya and its surrounding towns and villages), and is an attempt to clarify the regional differentiation of land-use in industry.This type of factory-site-built-up area relationship differs greatly according to the usually-used industrial categories. This is because the layout of each type of factory differs according to the construction of the particular type of factory involved. However, in so far as there are regional differences in the condition of land as a productive element, there must also be regional differences in the degree of land-use. In other words, there is an obvious difference in the size of site-density of buildings measurement between factories situated in large cities, where location conditions are favourable and elasticity of land supply is small, and the factories which are located in the fringe-areas of the country where location conditions are poor and elasticity of land supply is high. It is proposed that a similar difference exists between factories located in the heart of an urban zone and factories located in the outskirts of the zone.Supposing that, as a relative index of location conditions, we use the extent of factory accumulation, as calculated from the correlation of the number of factories per area of a given region with the value-added production per unit area, then the following areas will emerge as areas exhibiting a high degree of density:For Japan as a whole: -Tokyo, Kanagawa, Aichi, Osaka, followed by Saitama, Shizuoka, Kyoto, Hyogo, Hiroshima and other administrative areas.For the Chukyo area: -Higashi ku, Nishi ku, Naka ku, Mizuho ku, Atsuta ku, followed by Kita ku, Nakamura ku, Showa ku and Minami ku (The above 'ku' are urban (administrative) districts of the city of Nagoya.), the cities of Ichinomiya, Seto, and Bisai and the towns ('cho') of Shinkawa, Asahi and Kisogawa.Then, if we use statistics taken from the Industrial Site Survey of December 1961 to indicate the density of buildings and the scale of the sites of factories situated in the aforementioned areas, we find that the scale of sites is generally smaller, and the density of buildings is higher than in the case of factories situated in other areas.From these results, we can say that the degree of factory site-use in areas where location conditions are favourable and the extent of accumulation is high is greater than site-use in areas where location conditions are poor and the extent of accumulation is low.From this regional differentiation in site-use, two types of mutually intertwined phenomena seem to emerge: -1) In areas of high accumulation, the following types of factory, which show a strong natural tendency to occupy small sites and densely built-up areas occur most frequently: -Food and provisions, Textiles, Clothing, Furniture, Printing and publishing, Rubber and rubber products, Leather products, Light metal products, Machinery etc., whereas factories where the occupance of large sites with a low degree of building density is a strong characteristic are more common in the following groups: -Timber products, Paper and pulp, Chemicals, Oil and coal products, Ceramics and pottery products, Iron and steel, Non-ferrous metals, etc.2) Taking industry as a whole, when factories are located in areas with a high degree of industrial concentration, there is a strong tendency for factories within the same industrial category to occupy small scale sites with a high built-up area density.


We empirically investigate the demand for income tax preparation services by examining factors that affect both the choice and level of utilization of service. We identify the demand factors as the taxpayer's (1) opportunity costs, (2) estimated tax savings when using a preparer, and (3) historical uncertainty in tax liability. Our panel data set allows us to measure individual‐specific uncertainty, a new measure in assessing determinants of tax service demand. Consistent with prior research, choice is measured by whether a taxpayer uses a professional paid preparer. The preparer's fee is the measure of utilization level. Fee information is heavily censored in part because fees only need to be disclosed when taxpayers itemize deductions and have miscellaneous itemized deductions above the 2 percent limit. We develop a partially censored regression model to accommodate the censoring. Similar to Cragg (1971), we decouple the choice and level of utilization models; findings indicate differences between these...


We have developed an apparatus to simultaneously monitor rheological parameters with high-resolution small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The device is based on a commercial rheometer coupled to concentric cylindrical shear flow geometry. The shear cell can be operated from 20 °C–180 °C without significant evaporation loss of the sample. The apparatus has wide ranging applications in the field of complex fluids such as colloidal suspensions, surfactant phases, liquid crystals, and polymer solutions. In addition, it allows performing SAXS in combination with a wide variety of rheological tests including simple shear flows, creep, recovery, as well as oscillatory deformation. The performance of the equipment is demonstrated through experiments involving shear-induced ordering of complex fluids.


Introduction: Orbital index demonstrates the proportion of the orbital length to the orbital width and varies with race, geographic region, and ethnicity. Aim: To evaluate the normal reference orbital parameters for the adult Bihar population of east Indian region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College, Kishanganj, Bihar, India for a period of one month from September 2022 to October 2022. A total of 41 dry adult skulls irrespective of sex were included. The digital Vernier caliper was used to measure the maximum orbital height and width. The orbital index was determined by using the formula maximum orbital length (height)/maximum orbital width×100. Based on the average orbital index as standard, three categories of orbits have been described-Megaseme (large): the orbital index is 89 or over, Mesoseme (intermediate): the orbital index varies between 89 to 83, and Microseme (small): the orbital index is 83 or less. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Orbital index between the right-side and left-side were compared using an unpaired two-tailed t-test at a 95% confidence limit. Results: Mean orbital length of right orbit of the dry skulls was 33.14±1.95 mm and left orbit was 33.44±1.92 mm. The mean orbital width of right orbit was 39.43±2.47 and left orbit was 39.13±2.49 mm. The mean orbital index was found to be 84.26±5.59 mm and 85.62±5.17 mm on the right and left orbit respectively (p-value=0.244). According to the orbital index the studied group of east Indian population comes under the mesoseme category. Conclusion: The study provides useful baseline orbital morphometric data of east Indian population which are very important during forensic research.


New sulfonated copolyimides containing ether, carbonyl, and bulky naphthyl group in backbone were synthesized in two reaction media: organic solvent and ionic liquid media. For this purpose a new sulfonated diamine (BANBPDS) and an unsulfonated diamine (BANBP) was prepared through reactions of 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone-3,3′-disulfonic acid, and also 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone with 5-amino-1-sodium naphthoxide, respectively. Three series of sulfonated copolyimide with different sulfonation contents (40–80%) were prepared by reaction of the sulfonated diamine (BANBPDS) in companion with three unsulfonated diamines including BANBP, 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), and 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane (DADO) with 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTDA). Two media were selected for preparation of copolyimides. Copolyimides synthesized in ionic liquid had higher inherent viscosity and higher molecular weight in comparison with similar copolyimides that were synthesized via common organic solvent method. Incorporation of flexible groups in polyimide structures increased solubility and processability of the copolyimides. After characterization of polymers with common methods, their water uptake, water stability, ion exchange capacity (IEC), thermal behavior and stability, crystallinity, and morphology were studied. The polymers showed suitable properties including high thermal stability and ion exchange capacity, which were the basic requirements for application as fuel cell membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


HiRadMat (High Irradiation to Materials) is a facility at CERN designed to provide high-intensity pulsed beams to an irradiation area where material samples as well as accelerator component assemblies (e.g. vacuum windows, shock tests on high power targets, collimators) can be tested. The beam parameters (SPS 440 GeV protons with a pulse energy of up to 3.4 MJ, or alternatively lead/argon ions at the proton equivalent energy) can be tuned to match the needs of each experiment. It is a test area designed to perform single pulse experiments to evaluate the effect of high-intensity pulsed beams on materials in a dedicated environment, excluding long-time irradiation studies. The facility is designed for a maximum number of 1016 protons per year, in order to limit the activation of the irradiated samples to acceptable levels for human intervention. This paper will demonstrate the possibilities for research using this facility and go through examples of upcoming experiments scheduled in the beam period 2015/2016.


We examine whether the school choice program of public junior high schools in Adachi city has caused student sorting and has thus increased the differences in scores between the schools. We find that students are sorted in the sense that the students living in the school attendance areas where there is a higher proportion of high-status occupations are more likely to select private schools even after the introduction of the school choice program, or they select public schools with higher scores. However, the differences in scores between public schools have been decreasing, indicating that the sorting is not related to the scores.


WWW. T I K KUN . O RG T I K KUN 9 Peter Gabel is associate editor of Tikkun and the author of The Bank Teller and Other Essays on the Politics ofMeaning (available throughouronline storeatwww.tikkun.org). T aken as awhole, thework of Jean Paul Sartre is that of a sensitive manwith a good heart gradually coming to understand the distinctly social aspect of human reality—that while we appear to ourselves as alone and struggling to make sense of things from within our own isolation, we are actually always powerfully connected in our very being to each other and, through the networks of reciprocity that enable our material and spiritual survival, to everyoneon theplanet. Sartre's earlywork forwhich he is best remembered inmainstream liberal culture—the period in his thirties and forties that produced the novelNausea, the philosophical work Being and Nothingness, and the plays The Flies andNo Exit, amongmany, many other writings—were all addressed to "theman alone" struggling to find authenticmeaning in a worldwithout God and in aworld pervaded by false images and false conceptions of what matters in life. To a young person likeme gradually emerging into the radical awareness of the 1960s, this work was thrilling. I was brought up within the image-world of uppermiddle-classNewYorkculture, taughtbywordandgesture toaccept that artificialworldof thebourgeoisie as if it conformed to somereal "essence," as if the right thing todo in lifewas to dowell in school, dress nicely, acquiremy share ofwealth by entrepreneurship or inheritance, getmarried, fit well and admirably into this or that pre-given role, and have a solid obituary. But to use the famous phrase drawn fromone of his lectures, Sartre showed that "existence precedes essence"—that all of these preconstructed forms of identity, worth, and valuewereactuallymadeup, that itwas "bad faith" toallowour longing for superficial security to rationalizedraping themoverourselves as if theywould safely install us in somekind of "reality," thatweare free toacceptor reject every formof receivedwisdomand, evenmore, that we are personally responsible tomake these choices and by these choices to give our own stamp to reality and take our own stand for all of humankind about the kind of world weought tobe creating. As important as these insightswere—andas empowering as theywere tome as a young mantrying to find the strength tochoose toalignmyselfwith the idealistic aspirationsof the movements of the sixties and to take the risk of rejecting the class destiny to which I was bound by the erotic ties of family loyalty and devotion—Sartre himself came to realize that they were skewed and limited by the liberal individualism of his own upbringing; these early insights illuminated the world fromwithin the pathos and solitude and psychospiritual struggles and relativematerial privilege of the floating or unanchored bourgeois intellectual. Thus his early philosophical understanding of "Relations with Others," as elaborated inBeing andNothingness and in his early plays, reflected the Fear of theOther thathecameto see later as theunconscious foundationof "individualism" itself.To theearly Sartre, the Other is mainly a threat whose gaze "steals my freedom" by pinningme in an TheSpirit of Sartre


Purpose: To externally validate a deep learning pipeline (AutoMorph) for automated analysis of retinal vascular morphology on fundus photographs. AutoMorph has been made publicly available, facilitating widespread research in ophthalmic and systemic diseases. Methods: AutoMorph consists of four functional modules: image pre-processing, image quality grading, anatomical segmentation (including binary vessel, artery/vein, and optic disc/cup segmentation), and vascular morphology feature measurement. Image quality grading and anatomical segmentation use the most recent deep learning techniques. We employ a model ensemble strategy to achieve robust results and analyse the prediction confidence to rectify false gradable cases in image quality grading. We externally validate each module performance on several independent publicly available datasets. Results: The EfficientNet-b4 architecture used in the image grading module achieves comparable performance to the state-of-the-art for EyePACS-Q, with an F1-score of 0.86. The confidence analysis reduces the number of images incorrectly assessed as gradable by 76%. Binary vessel segmentation achieves an F1-score of 0.73 on AV-WIDE and 0.78 on DR-HAGIS. Artery/vein scores 0.66 on IOSTAR-AV, and disc segmentation achieves 0.94 in IDRID. Vascular morphology features measured from AutoMorph segmentation map and expert annotation show good to excellent agreement. Conclusions: AutoMorph modules perform well even when external validation data shows domain differences from training data, e.g., with different imaging devices. This fully automated pipeline can thus allow detailed, efficient and comprehensive analysis of retinal vascular morphology on colour fundus photographs. Translational Relevance: By making AutoMorph publicly available and open source, we hope to facilitate ophthalmic and systemic disease research, particularly in the emerging field of oculomics.


The mummy of Natsef-Amun, a priest in the Temple of Amun at Karnak (ca.1000 BC), was purchased for the Leeds Philosophical Society, England, in 1823. Members of the Society unwrapped the mummy and carried out one of the earliest multi-disciplinary mummy investigations in 1824. In recent years, the Manchester Mummy Project undertook a new scientific study of this mummy. The range of techniques they employed included radiology, paleoodontology, endoscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, paleoserology, aDNA identification, and scientific facial reconstruction. This rare opportunity to compare the methodology and results of an early investigation with those of a contemporary study will be considered in this paper which will also demonstrate how scientific studies can add new information to historical and archaeological data about lifestyle, diseases, death and funerary procedures associated with a priest who lived at a tumultuous period of Egyptian history.


Forensic analysis of evidence consists of the comparison of physical, spectroscopic, or chemical characteristics of a questioned sample to a set of knowns. Currently, decisions as to whether or not the questioned sample can be associated or grouped with the knowns are left up to the discretion of the forensic analyst. The implications of these outcomes are presented as evidence to a jury in a court of law to determine if a defendant is guilty of committing a crime or not. Leading up to, and since, the publication of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report entitled "Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward," the inadequacies of allowing potentially biased forensic opinion to carry such weight in the courtroom have been unmasked. This report exposed numerous shortcomings in many areas of forensic science, but also made recommendations on how to fortify the discipline. The main suggestions directed towards disciplines that analyze trace evidence include developing error rates for commonly employed practices and evaluating method reliability and validity. This research focuses on developing a statistical method of analysis for comparing visible absorption profiles collected from highly similarly colored textile fibers via microspectrophotometry (MSP). Several chemometric techniques were applied to spectral data and utilized to help discriminate fibers beyond the point where traditional methods of microscopical examination may fail. Because a dye's chemical structure dictates the shape of the absorption profile, two fibers dyed with chemically similar dyes


This is a report the first occurrence of Lutzomyia longipalpis, the most important biological vector of the causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in the town of Ferreira Gomes, Amapa, Brazil and because it is a kind of great importance epidemiology, the authors warn local authorities . Keywords: Amapa, Ferreira Gomes, Lutzomyia longipalpis, American visceral leishmaniasis .


AbstractBackground: Resveratrol (RSV) has a wide range of diabetic cardioprotective effects. It is currently recognized as a dietary supplement.Aim of Study: To investigate the impact of RSV on the molecular expression pattern of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the glycogen synthase kinase-3(3 serine 9 (GSK-3(3S9) in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Methods: We investigated this point using three groups of Wistar albino rats; control group, diabetic cardiomyopathy rats (DCM) and diabetics treated with RSV (DM-RSV) for 20 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at base line, and every 4 weeks. At the end of the study, Ex-vivo assessment of myocardial contractility was performed. The molecular changes in the cardiac tissues were evaluated in all groups for assessment of the silent information regulator (SIRT1), GSK-3(3S9 and the AMPK levels. Histological assessment was done for all cardiac tissues. Apoptosis was assessed by measuring the modulation in the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) levels, trying to explore the RSV underlying mechanism of action.Results: Marked deterioration in the cardiac functions was detected in the diabetic non treated group. The decreased levels of SIRT1, AMPK and GSK-3(3S9 that was associated with increased apoptotic markers, may be the cause of dete-riorated cardiac functions. Assessment of the myocardial functions showed improvement in the diabetic RSV treated group. RSV aimed to normalize the hyperglycemic state and the disturbed molecular pattern associated with diabetes.Conclusion: Prolonged RSV administration protects the diabetic hearts. This could be explained by the interplay between SIRT1, AMPK and the GSK-3(3S9 levels.


Steel corrosion caused by chloride ion is one of the main reasons of the durability failure of concrete structures.The classical transmission model and its defects were described through the study of chloride ion transport mechanism.And the correction of chloride ion transport theoretical model is analyzed in consideration of the coupled effects of the capacity of chloride ion binding,time-dependence,humidity and temperature,stress,electric field and other environmental factors.At last,the research priorities of chloride ion transport theoretical model is predicted.


This research aims at probing into consumer's shop image to the chain store of the clothes (Including brand awareness, shop front visual effect, shop assistant serve), the products involving in their relations ( Including price discount, satisfaction of worn, exploitation of ad., style designed) , and for the differentiation contrived of consumer in order to understanding. This research adopts the investigation method of the questionnaire, consumers taking A&D retail stores of Zhongshan of Pan-chiao city as the sampling of the research, and received 477 effective questionnaires altogether. The result of study is found: The products and involve in entering some issues, the price discount is only related to some extent with consumers' job type, it is influenced that it is not so evident of incidence with the sex and age, such a result shows: even the price has very great favors, but such other factors as the brand and style and so on are still what consumers take notice of. Because the goods overlapping of the regular styles of apparel with the chain stores are too high in addition, so consumers seem to relatively take notice of some under potential consciousness. Whether the enterprisers can originate one's own clothing design style in the market fighting, and whether designer of the enterprise planning could establish one's own goods characteristic and can meet with the liking of the focus market consumer, and it is a subject that is worth studying.


Multi-level environmental governance has become a commonplace, yet few attempts have been made to explain in economic terms why it should have emerged. This article examines four economic explanations for multi-level environmental governance. The first explanation considers multi-level environmental governance as a solution for overcoming collective action challenges when a large number of actors are involved. The second explanation has it that multiple levels of environmental governance may be needed to minimise governance costs. Third, path dependency and economies of scope could explain multilevel environmental governance. Fourthly, ecosystem service flows generated by complex and multifunctional resource systems may have benefit catchments of different size, and multilevel governance solutions may be needed to link providers and beneficiaries. While they are to a degree complementary, the analysis suggests that the multi-functionality explanation is the most nuanced one of them and offers the best diagnostic for governance challenges that an environmental resource system poses.


Using spectra and Fourier analyses in finite-dimensional linear continuous-time periodic (FDLCP) systems, a Hamiltonian test is derived for the H/sub /spl infin// performance. Furthermore, by staircase truncation and the 2-regularized determinant of Hubert-Schmidt operators, a finite-dimensional version of the test is also developed, which lays the foundation for claiming a modified bisection algorithm to estimate the H/sub /spl infin// norm of the FDLCP system via finite-dimensional LTI continuous-time models. The finite-dimensional Hamiltonian test is necessary, and claimed only via Fourier analysis of system matrices without the transition matrix of the FDLCP system.


Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum .
It is oval in shape and can house sports competitions and gymnastic events, musical productions, circuses and it can be used to show films as well as for expositions, meetings and conventions.
From the plaza, entrance is achieved through a mirrored gallery circumscribing the building and that communicates with the interior corridor that sorrounds the court.
It holds more than 11,000 people and there are telescopic platforms that unfold at court-level and portable chairs that increase this capacity to a total of 16,500.
The building is covered by a steel frame, limited on the outside by a wide metallic cantilever. The whole system is supported by 32 large concrete columns, in U shape, that show on the exterior facade.
The Coliseum has theatrical lighting and sound installations which adapt it to each of the different types of events the building can be used for.
Under the adjacent plaza a large underground exhibition hall has been set up to serve the Coliseum. More than 5,000 m 2 in area, this space can be subdivided by folding panels as needed. Bullock's Shopping Center in Northridge .
The main feature of this large department store is that it has been treated entirely as a stage for the various goods that are on display there.
Moreover, its design has broken with the traditional box shape typical of this type of building, replacing it with a polyhedral volume for a more dynamic effect.
Great importance has been given in this building to architectonic spaces as well as the lighting system and the decor.
Thus, the different areas are given more or less importance by means of the various lighting effects, while the decoration and architectonic forms differentiate and limit the various display areas.
A system of ornaments and mobile partitions gives the unit great flexibility thus permitting modifications as per the needs of each particular moment.


Introduction Malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) can arise in patients with malignant hilar hepatobiliary tumors or lymph nodules. Most MHBO patients are not suitable for surgical resection due to the advanced tumor stage. The only palliative treatment available is provided by endoscopic or percutaneous stenting. Aim To compare the efficacy of endoscopic unilateral versus bilateral metal stent insertion for treating MHBO. Material and methods A search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases identified all relevant studies published until June 2020. The meta-analysis was undertaken using RevMan v5.3. Results We identified 154 studies initially, eight of which were used in our meta-analysis. The eight studies included 818 MHBO patients treated using either endoscopic unilateral (n = 396) or bilateral (n = 422) metal stenting. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in clinical success rate (OR = 2.64; p = 0.18), complication rate (OR = 0.63; p = 0.46), or OS (HR = 1.03; p = 0.53). The bilateral group had a lower stent dysfunction rate without significance (OR = 1.43; p = 0.09). Significantly longer stent patency was observed in the bilateral group (HR = 1.28; p = 0.01). Technical success rate was significantly higher in the unilateral group (OR = 0.26; p = 0.04). Funnel plot analysis indicated an absence of publication bias related to the selected study endpoints. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicated that endoscopic unilateral stenting had a greater technical success rate for MHBO patients than bilateral stenting. However, the bilateral stenting could achieve longer stent patency.


Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has been well recognized as an effective method to improve spectrum sensing accuracy and decrease sensing devices' complexity. However, spectrum sensing data falsification attack, also known as Byzantine attack, poses critical threats on the reliability of CSS. Due to lack of the ground-truth spectrum state, a reliable defense reference is vital to identify malicious behaviors and perform effective data fusion. However, the existing defense references have strong assumptions such as the attackers are in minority and/or a trusted node exists for data fusion. This observation motivates this paper to propose a novel defense reference, which jointly exploits the cognitive process of spectrum sensing and spectrum access in a closed-loop manner, to provide the defense scheme a solid basis without requiring any prior knowledge. Moreover, this paper analyzes the proposed reference's favorable reliability and high robustness over the state-of-the-art references, from two perspectives of spectrum sensing performance and the capability of identifying malicious sensors, respectively. Next, we design an optimal cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on the proposed defense reference. Remarkably, from an information theoretic perspective, it is observed that based on the proposed reference, the information value of falsified reports is also exploited to further improve the global sensing performance. Furthermore, numerical simulations verify the proposed scheme's favorable performance, even in critical cases when malicious sensors are in majority.


A class of optical transients known as Luminous Red Novae (LRNe) have recently been associated with mass ejections from binary stars undergoing common-envelope evolution. We use the population synthesis code COMPAS to explore the impact of a range of assumptions about the physics of common-envelope evolution on the properties of LRNe. In particular, we investigate the influence of various models for the energetics of LRNe on the expected event rate and light curve characteristics, and compare with the existing sample. We find that the Galactic rate of LRNe is ∼0.2 yr−1, in agreement with the observed rate. In our models, the luminosity function of Galactic LRNe covers multiple decades in luminosity and is dominated by signals from stellar mergers, consistent with observational constraints from iPTF and the Galactic sample of LRNe. We discuss how observations of the brightest LRNe may provide indirect evidence for the existence of massive (>40 M⊙) red supergiants. Such LRNe could be markers along the evolutionary pathway leading to the formation of double compact objects. We make predictions for the population of LRNe observable in future transient surveys with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and the Zwicky Transient Facility. In all plausible circumstances, we predict a selection-limited observable population dominated by bright, long-duration events caused by common envelope ejections. We show that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will observe 20–750 LRNe per year, quickly constraining the luminosity function of LRNe and probing the physics of common-envelope events.


Those who bought an EHR before the government started paying doctors to do so are wondering what they should do now. Here's how to judge whether your old system will meet the requirements to collect the stimulus dollars, or if you'd be better off starting anew.


In this paper, two types of 3D-printable conductive inks are introduced based on PDMS, ACB/MWCNTs as main fillers. Six kinds of specimens are printed in three-layer columns to observe the printing performance at different angles. The stress-strain curves and strain sensing signals are tested under uniaxial tensile load and cyclic tensile load, respectively.


A model for a synchroniser composed of two serially connected D-latches is constructed and analysed to determine the mean time between failures. The analysis demonstrates that the best synchroniser reliability is obtained using a single-latch synchroniser. >


In this paper, we describe a two-year study of the factors influencing freshman and first-year transfer student enrollment at the College of Computing and Digital Media (CDM) at DePaul University. Our results show that the reputation of the institution, the particular degree programs at DePaul CDM, and to a lesser degree the diversity of degree programs available, were all positive factors for application and enrollment at DePaul. Factors that were not of primary importance included parental influence, the fact that DePaul is a liberal arts institution, and recommendations from relatives and friends.


Objective To explore the methods and effects of body-gamma knife in the treatment of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases.Methods 15 cases of osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases were treated withγ-knife.Per pres-cribed dose was 4-5 Gy,give one time every other day,9-12 times total,the total prescribed dose was 44-50 Gy.The margin of the PTV was 50% in isodose curve.Results There were 101 metastases in this group,CR 28.7%(29/101),PR 29.7%(30/101),and the overall efective rate was 58.4%(59/101).The survival rate of this group in 1 year was 40%(6/15).The survival rate for the number of the metastases less than 3 was 83.3%,especially higher than that more than 3(11.1%).Conclusion Body-gamma knife can be used effectively to local control osteosarcoma patients with lung metastases,improve life quality,and extend the survival time.


Particle filtering is becoming increasingly used in various areas, including localization, navigation, tracking, computer vision, mobile robotics, digital communications, etc. An overview of the currently existing algorithms is presented here, within the framework of hidden Markov models.


The crystal structure of N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methoxysalicylaldimine was determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, and space group P212121. Unit-cell dimensions are the following: a = 7.3074(5)A, b = 8.3166(7)A, c = 21.782(2)A, V = 1323.7(2)A3, Z = 4. The molecule is non-planar and twisted around a C-N single bond. The molecule has N…H-O type intramolecular hydrogen bonding.


The picture archive and communication system (PACS) is a digital radiographic system that is steadily replacing the older film-based radiographic records. Despite the various benefits associated with PACS implementation, it is not yet clear what referring physicians think of such systems. This article reviews their thoughts and perceptions, which were obtained via surveys that were completed by referring physicians with practices at private hospitals in Port Elizabeth. A critical analysis of the data collected indicated that most referring physicians perceive PACS to be beneficial.


A new algorithm for classification of sea ice types on Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data using a convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented. The CNN is trained on reference ice charts produced by human experts and compared with an existing machine learning algorithm based on texture features and random forest classifier. The CNN is trained on two datasets in 2018 and 2020 for retrieval of four classes: ice free, young ice, first-year ice and old ice. The accuracy of our classification is 90.5% for the 2018-dataset and 91.6% for the 2020-dataset. The uncertainty is a bit higher for young ice (85%/76% accuracy in 2018/2020) and first-year ice (86%/84% accuracy in 2018/2020). Our algorithm outperforms the existing random forest product for each ice type. It has also proved to be more efficient in computing time and less sensitive to the noise in SAR data. The code is publicly available.


An understanding of the workings of sound symbolism in poetry is essential to theoretical and practical criticism alike. During the past few decades, we have come to recognize that sound-symbolic effects are solidly based on linguistic facts. Studies of the ways in which sound symbolism is put to use generally in the works of a given poet can fruitfully supplement traditional analyses of particular passages. Though Robert Frost is known for his proficiency in mimetic sound effects, the language of his "speaking voice" is not conspicuously marked by the systems of alliteration and assonance that characterize the verse of Tennyson or Swinburne. Yet such systems, among other features, appear in certain poems in a "chanting voice" associated, overtly or symbolically, with the protagonist's fear of death. Ultimately, this proves to be the poet's fear of obliteration, of succumbing to the power of a now obsolete music and thus vanishing from the poetic scene without a trace.


In this paper, a novel off-grid direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm involving sparse recovery is proposed based on weighted subspace fitting, in which multiple snapshots are used and effects of off-grid DOA are taken into account. The DOA estimation problem is formulated as a binary cost function, then an iterative sparse recovery algorithm alternating resolved the unknown variables with weighted linorm approximation method is developed to estimate DOA accurately. The proposed algorithm obtains improved accuracy compared with the existing methods. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can estimate the DOA with high accuracy for correlated signals while maintaining a relatively low computational cost.


Vegetarian diets have become popular among athletes and active individuals and can have advantages for physical performance, but the results are still conflicting regarding muscle strength and power. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet and physical performance of vegetarians through tests of dynamic, isometric, and relative strength; muscle power; and aerobic capacity. In this cross-sectional study, 32 vegetarians and 26 omnivores, who were physically active, were evaluated for the Healthy Eating Index and performance tested back squat, handgrip strength, isometric deadlift strength, jump with countermovement, and maximum aerobic speed (MAS). Improved diet quality (63.24 ± 14.40 vs. 54 ± 16.80, p<0.05), greater relative strength (1.03 ± 0.23 vs. 0.91 ± 0.12, p<0.05), and greater jump height (43.77 ± 9.91 vs. 38.45 ± 8.92, p<0.05) were found among vegetarians. No difference was seen in MAS (13.5 ± 2 vs. 11 ± 3, p>0.05) or isometric strength of upper limbs (77 ± 29 vs. 70 ± 50, p>0.05) and lower limbs (89 ± 41 vs. 97 ± 50, p>0.05). Thus, we conclude that vegetarians and omnivores show similar performance in strength and aerobic capacity, but in our sample, vegetarians show higher levels of relative strength and power.


Freedom is the dream of many people. And there is a "point of no return" in Faustus's progress toward damnation. The first reason for Faustus's inevitable damnation is his innocence. The endless desires are the second reason for Faustus's damnation. The third reason is the loss of confidence to be rescued.


A distributed XQuery engine sends sub queries to separate XML data sources, and then combines the results into a single XML composite result. The system is lightweight in that it is very simple to add a new data source. An illustrative example is given for integrating data from an electronic data capture (EDC) system and a separate specimen management system.


Adaptation towards digitalization in pharmaceuticals leads to the utilization and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Significantly it is reducing human workload with the help of an algorithm. Already AI is acting as a key in clinical trial, health care, quality management, manufacturing, product development, and management. Top pharmaceutical companies have adopted AI in different applications within the pharma sector. Different AI models like Machine learning, Artificial Neural Network, Deep Learning, robotics, and Natural Language Processing are being used in pharmaceuticals and healthcare systems. The Worldwide AI market is growing remarkably with a compound annual growth rate of 49.6% and is expected to reach $18,119 million by 2025. So, for better regulation, concerning safety, privacy regulatory strategy is heading towards a better framework. Different regulatory authorities like China, Europe, and United States (US) have adopted AI for economic and policy aspects. Emerging countries are using these tools for administrative work. US has begun implementing frameworks for AI adaptation, research, and development. The AI policy strategy started in 2016 with a series of workshops conducted under the Obama administration. Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also published draft guidance for regulatory oversight of AI and Machine Learning. In 2021 FDA published a draft regulation for software as a medical device. This review article provides a snapshot of AI implementation in pharmaceuticals and health care with the regulatory approach in the US.


and it follows that the LD law is infinitely divisible. The general identity referred to here seems to arise first in the statistical literature of the early 1960s. For references see Ord (1972), p. 130, and Douglas (1980), p. 86, who cites this relation as ' ... perhaps the most generally useful formula ...'. In a slightly different form, the identity is a quite well known criterion for infinite divisibility ofPn; see van Harn (1978), pp. 15-18, for discussion and references. Next, Ma et al. seek the asymptotic behaviour of Pn as n -+ 00 using an elementary theory of discrete convolution powers. The masses corresponding to (3) are fo = 0 and j, = l/n(n + 1), n ~ 1. Letting};,*k denote the masses of the p.g.f. (¢J(S»k, (kEN), Ma et al. give arguments supporting the asymptotic estimates


research methods are used, was adopted. In the study, dissimilarity and exposure indices are used to reveal the distribution in urban space. In this context, the results of the index, which are calculated by evaluating/analyzing the data obtained from the field study and the data on the local population from TÜİK, are visualized in the GIS environment. In this context, the study was subjected to descriptive analysis by evaluating together with the numerical data obtained by taking into account the observations made in the field. The findings of the study indicate the existence of traces of segregation at the spatial level of the Syrians in the city of Kilis. The distribution patterns of the Syrians in Kilis reveal that there is a Syrian cluster in the spatial units in the periphery of the city center, especially in the city center, and their tendency to centralize in the urban space. In addition, a large part of the Syrians living in Kilis, especially in the old houses in the poor neighborhoods of the city, where the income level is low, the households are crowded or in groups consisting of several families.


Line 2''-IA-295-AB outside containment penetration S-2A was analyzed to ASME Section III, Subsection NC (Class 2) criteria. The line is part of the Containment Isolation System. The model considered the line from the penetration outward through the first isolation valve. Results of the analysis show that this section of the line meets Class 2 requirements without modification.


A number of laboratories throughout the world are actively pursuing the development of pulsed high power Nd:glass lasers for use in their laser fusion and laser plasma interaction studies programs. Perhaps the most ambitious programs in this field have been undertaken by the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory where several irradiation facilities are in operation and where the 4-arm ARGUS and 20-arm SHIVA lasers are currently under construction. These systems are designed to provide the energy, power and wavefront uniformity required to spherically implode nuclear fuel targets such as the deuterjw-tritium (DT) solid sphere, in an effort to achieve thermonuclear fusion through inertial confinement.(1)


The invention relates to a composite-structure atomizing disc for environmental protection projects. The composite-structure atomizing disc is composed of a bottom disc and a facial disc. A plurality of protrusion structures are arranged on the back face of the facial disc. The bottom disc is connected with the facial disc in a concave-convex inlaid mode. The facial disc is made from an abrasion-resistant material. Compared with the prior art, the scour face of the composite-structure atomizing disc is coated with an abrasion-resistant composite ceramic structure member so that the abrasion resistance and the corrosion resistance of the centrifugal atomizing disc can be significantly improved, the service life of the centrifugal atomizing disc is prolonged, and the maintenance period of project operation is prolonged.


In hinge-lid packs comprising a pack part (12) and a lid (13) hinged to a pack rear panel (15) it is difficult to ensure a precise closed position of the lid (13). This is particularly the case in hinge-lid packs with rounded longitudinal edges (10, 11). To create an additional closing force, outwardly directed deformations, particularly convexities (38), are formed in the free portion of collar side panels (28, 29) of a collar (26). These convexities abut the inner sides of the lid side panels (17) with an increased friction and thus create an increased closing force. The deformation of the collar side panels (28, 29) is a result of longitudinal collar edges (30, 31) diverging towards the free edge. As a result, there is a strain of material which effects the deformation of the collar side panels (28, 29). A further or alternative closing aid is provided in the form of an upright or inclined cut (39) arranged in the region of the collar side panels (28, 29). As a result of the convexity (38), this cut (39) forms a projecting retaining edge which also abuts the inner side of the pack side panels (28, 29) and creates an increased closing force. Moreover, the pack or the blank has a special design, such that rounded contours at the ends of the blanks fit into one another and can be severed from a piece of material without any waste.