Background: Experiments were conducted to analyze environmental parameters and growth-related factors to identify the most influential factors in estimating pig's body weight (PBW) using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multiple linear regression (MLR)-based models. Methods: Four different ANNs, including Cascade Forward Back-propagation (CFBP), Layer Recurrent (LR), Feed Forward Back-propagation (FFBP) and Elman (EL), and MLR models were developed to estimate the body weight of pigs. The current research was conducted for 92 days during the two experimental periods (2021–2022) in a pig barn. Result: The Levenberg-Marquardt training function, gradient descent weight and bias learning function, tan-sigmoid transfer function, and two hidden layers with 16 neurons in each layer were shown to be the most effective architecture of the FFBP model in predicting PBW. According to the sensitivity analysis, length of pig (LP) was the most influential factor in estimating the PBW for MLR/ANN models. However, the environmental parameters along with growth-related factors could not always be the same association with PBW. Therefore, further research on viable alternative breeds with different management conditions may be considered to evaluate MLR and ANN model's performance.


Current-induced magnetization switching through spin-orbit torques (SOTs) is the fundamental building block of spin-orbitronics. The SOTs generally arise from the spin-orbit coupling of heavy metals. However, even in a heterostructure where a metallic magnet is sandwiched by two different insulators, a nonzero current-induced SOT is expected because of the broken inversion symmetry; an electrical insulator can be a spin-torque generator. Here, we demonstrate current-induced magnetization switching using an electrically-insulating spin-torque generator. We show that the widely used heavy metal, Pt, becomes an electrically-insulating generator of the spin-orbit torques after oxidation, enabling spin-torque magnetization switching in a heterostructure where a perpendicularly-magnetized ferrimagnetic metal (FM) is sandwiched by two insulating oxides: MgO and oxidized Pt. We found that even in the absence of any conducting heavy metals, the oxygen-incorporated Pt, attached to a metallic magnet, generates a robust damping-like spin-orbit torque purely through interface spin-orbit scattering, which counters the conventional understandings of the spin-orbit torques, where the origin of the damping-like torque is primarily attributed to the bulk SOC. We further show that the relative strength of the damping-like and field-like torques changes systematically depending on the oxidation level of the Pt layer. This allows electrical tuning of the spin-orbit torques through voltage-driven O migration near the FM/oxygen-incorporated-Pt interface. These results provide crucial piece of information for revealing the underlying physics behind the current-induced spin-orbit torques and open a route towards energy-efficient, voltage-programmable spin-orbit devices based on solid-state switching of heavy metal oxidation. 第65回応用物理学会春季学術講演会 講演予稿集 (2018 早稲田大学・西早稲田キャンパス) 17p-P10-33


A combined self-locking threaded axial force supporting steel redundant hydraulic compensating system, a hydraulic power plant Field, addressed by the prior systems is low and a large safety space technical problem. The system comprises at least one power output means; said power output means comprises a fuel tank, a hydraulic pump, the redundancy valve, and at least one self-locking threaded cylinder, at least one cylinder driving the valve, a hydraulic pump driven by the respective valves for each cylinder Screw locks powered cylinder; respective power output unit are interconnected by the redundancy valve; self-locking threaded cylinder includes a master cylinder, the sub-cylinder, and are provided in the main, primary and secondary piston inside the cylinder, the secondary piston; the primary and secondary lumen separated by a cylinder head around the left of the master cylinder; opposite annular gear drive motor and the drive motor engaging the main cylinder, the main piston ring gear screwing, tightening the secondary piston against the master piston left. The system provided by the present invention, the system safety and less space.


: Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a new technology that uses software robots to perform certain tasks in business processes. These robots mimic how humans use software systems when performing repetitive tasks with "robotic" precision, thereby limiting errors and improving efficiency. RPA provides many benefits including increased productivity, better service quality, and decreased delivery time while automating business processes. However, there are several challenges in adopting RPA, the first and foremost of which is to identify the kinds of tasks that lend themselves to RPA. In this paper, we present a novel easy-to-use method that identifies the most suitable processes for RPA; as such, our method will help organizations to effectively adopt RPA. More precisely, this research proposes to compute an RPA score to assess if a process is suitable for RPA. Moreover, this paper aims to provide guidelines for RPA implementation. The novelty of this work is threefold: i) it uses an extensible classification of business rules to weight the RPA score, ii) It is usable and flexible (e.g., we can extend it to support Intelligent Digital Robots -RPA 2- ), and iii) it automatically computes the RPA score using the Goal-Oriented Requirements Language (GRL) model evaluation.


The goal in x-ray crystallography is to recover a signal from measurements of the magnitude squared of its Fourier transform. We describe a Bayesian statistical approach using a Markov random field model of the signal and a least squared error reconstruction criteria. The key computation is the computation of the a posteriori mean of the Markov random field given the data. We approximate this mean with the cluster approximation and use a continuation method to solve the resulting fixed-point equation. A small numerical example is presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


A breakdown cavity is designed to study the breakdown phenomena of high-power microwaves in transmission waveguides. The maximum electric field within the cavity varies in amplitude from 400 kV/cm to 1.8 MV/cm and may surpass breakdown thresholds. The breakdown cavities were studied in particle-in-cell simulations and experiments, the results of which yielded waveforms that were consistent. The experimental results indicate that the microwave pulse does not shorten, and the amplitude of the electric field does not fall below 800 kV/cm. Moreover, large numbers of electrons are not emitted in microwaves below 670 kV/cm at 9.75 GHz frequency and 25-ns pulse width transmitted in stainless steel waveguides. The radiation waveforms of breakdown cavity with different materials are compared in experiments, with titanium material performing better.


Post‐hypoxic intention myoclonus successfully treated by long‐term administration of the combination of 5‐hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa is described. Persistent euphoria and diarrhoea were essential side effects. Methysergide (12 mg/day) blocked the therapeutic effect, indicating a specific serotoninergic function of precursor loading with 5‐hydroxytryptophan. Tryptophan (8 g/day) had no effect on the myoclonus suggesting a reduced tryptophan hydroxylase activity. Plasma concentrations of 5‐hydroxytryptophan in the range of 10–30 micromoles per liter were obtained during maintenance therapy with 900 mg 5‐hydroxytryptophan per day in combination with 150 mg carbidopa per day.


Syzygium cordatum Hoscht. ex C.Krauss is widely used by traditional medicine practitioners to treat many ailments including diarrhoea and diabetes. Despite the folklore use, little evidence can be found in literature to corroborate the claims of therapeutic success of the plant species. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities of the leaf aqueous extract of the plant species in mice and rats, respectively. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum was investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhoeal test. The antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was studied using streptozotoxin-induced diabetes in rats. Acute toxicity study of plant extract was also carried out using a standard method. Leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes, decreased the stool mass and delayed the onset of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice. Loperamide was shown to protect the animals against castor oil-induced diarrhoea. Both the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum and chlorpropamide significantly lowered the blood glucose levels in both normal and streptozotoxin-induced diabetic rats. The LD50 value obtained for the plant extract was over 4000 mg kg-1 orally. The results obtained suggest that the leaf aqueous extract of S. cordatum has both antidiarrhoeal and antidiabetic activities. This justifies the folklore use of the plant species by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea and diabetes. The relatively high LD50 value obtained for the leaf aqueous extract shows that the plant species is non toxic to mice. Introduction The use of medicinal plants in South Africa is an age long practice. Many people living, especially in rural communities, in the country depend on plant medicines for their healthcare needs. Syzygium cordatum Hoscht. ex C. Krauss is one of such plants used by traditional medicine practitioners in South Africa to treat various ailments (Van Wyk et al., 1997; Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). S. cardatum (family, Myrtaceae) is a mediwn sized tree which can grow as tall as 15 m in height with bluish-green coloured broad leaves. It is widely distributed in the eastern and northeastern parts of South Africa and is known locally as "montlho" in Northern Sotho, ''waterbessie" in


One of the primary goals of the field of flavour physics is to uncover evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics — so called "New Physics". This is achieved by looking for discrepancies between the SM predictions and experimental results in observables such as decay rates and CP -violating asymmetries. It is therefore essential to have good precision in both experiment and theory. The searches that can be performed using flavour observables are complementary to the searches for New Physics (NP) particles at the energy frontier. Indeed, they can potentially probe higher energy scales than those that are currently directly accessible. The study of b-hadrons and their decays provides an excellent laboratory in which to make such measurements. Such studies are a world-wide effort, with experiments in the USA, Europe and Japan all contributing. Some of latest results from these experimental collaborations will be presented here.


This paper separately demonstrates the basic principle and advantages and disadvantages of the control hardware design of wind turbine converter based on DSP chips of both Freescale and TI,compares the differences of performance of two chips and software programming,and introduces the practicality of replacement.By comparison and application,it is proved that DSP chip of TI,superior to that of Freescale,enjoys better expansibility and adaptability,which are more suitable for control hardware of wind turbine converter.


An RF identification chip encapsulation module is characterized in that the RF identification chip encapsulation module comprises a base PCB, a conductive element, an RF identification chip and a localizer, wherein the base PCB includes at least an antenna on the surface of the base PCB and at least one base PCB connection point on one end of the antenna; the conductive element is arranged on the base PCB and comprises an insulating elastomer and at least a conductive path extending inside the insulating elastomer; the conductive path is composed of a upper connection point and a lower connection point that are respectively exposed on both opposite faces of the insulating elastomer; the lower connection point is electrically connected with the connection point on the base PCB; the RF identification chip is mounted on the conductive element, and meanwhile, electrically connected with the upper connection point on the conductive element; the localizer is used for locating the RF identification chip and the conductive element onto the base PCB.


In the present study, theoretical studies and approach for finite fluid film journal bearing used. It is a must to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of this kind of bearing due to its wide demand and application into different industries. In this work, Reynolds equation for the numerical part is applied. To investigate how they affect the performance of short journal bearing, an axial groove with various depth and length are considered. The oil film pressure, load carrying capacity and attitude angle for plain and grooved short bearing are calculated, compared. The presented results illustrate that applying one groove at inlet bearing surface, declines the performance of finite fluid film journal bearings.


In order to improve the accuracy of pattern recognition of transformer partial discharge type, solving the current pattern recognition based on machine learning algorithm requires artificial extraction of description features, poor adaptability and low recognition accuracy. In this paper, the deep forest algorithm is introduced into the partial discharge pattern recognition of transformers. In this method, the partial discharge images collected by partial discharge inspection instrument are processed by gray-scale and bilinear interpolation as input of deep forest model. The feature extraction of PD images is realized by using multi-grained scanning structure, and the classification of PD is realized by using cascade forest structure as classifier. By setting up the partial discharge experiment platform of transformer, the algorithm is tested with the sample data obtained from the experiment, and the results show that the pattern recognition accuracy of this method is high, and the recognition accuracy increases with the increase of sample data.


ABSTRACT Violence against youth with diverse sexual and gender identities is an understudied area in Pakistan. This article explores how homeless gay and transgener youth (HGTY) experience multiple forms of violence and how social structural conditions produce contexts for violence against them. This study is based on qualitative interviews with fourteen HGTY, aged 16–25 years old. The interviews suggest that participants experienced multiple forms of violence simultaneously. Social structures like religion, ethnicity, and politics shaped broader cultural intolerance for sexual and/or gender diversity. Not being able to conform to social norms of gender and sexuality not only contributed to violence against participants but shaped their trajectories into homelessness and sex work. The 'new' identities of being homeless and being sex workers intersected with their gay and, trans identities, exacerbating their vulnerability. The findings indicate that there is an urgent need for law supportive of sexuality and gender diverse youth to mitigate experiences of violence.


Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens isolated from clinical specimens in many hospitals worldwide. The objectives of the present study was to determine the trends of the S. aureus isolated from clinical specimens and to detect the virulence genes of S. aureus namely mecA, LukS, can, icaA, SdrE and hlg. Data of S. aureus isolation in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from 2002-2014 which is available in our WHONET system was analyzed. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were randomly collected from the archived culture and the virulence genes were detected by PCR. A total of 15176 S. aureus were isolated and reduction in the MRSA was observed during the study. This study showed that S. aureus infection is still an unresolved issue, where clinical specimen from swab contributes the highest number. The percentage of MRSA also is fluctuating and serves as a good indicator for a more vigilant infection control activity in the hospital setting.


Crystallographic and magnetic properties of Co2Mn1−xFexSn and Co2Mn1−y CrySn Heusler alloys were studied using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray analysis, magnetization measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy. We found that the intermetallic compounds crystallize into a single phase with the L 21-type Heusler structure at the concentration of 0≤x≤0.5 for Co2Mn1−xFexSn and 0≤y≤0.3 for Co2Mn1−yCrySn. The spontaneous magnetization increases when Mn is substituted with Fe and decreases when Mn is substituted with Cr. The values of hyperfine field at the Sn nuclear sites in Co2Mn1−xFexSn and Co2Mn1−yCrySn also increase or decrease in combination with the size of magnetization. These measurements suggest that the Slater–Pauling behaviour in half-metallic full-Heusler alloys provides a good description of the substitution effect of Mn with Fe or Cr.


PICACS (Pitch Curve Analysis and Composition System) is a software prototype inspired in part by study of Indian classical music. The primary motivation of the system is to facilitate analysis, composition, and convincing computer rendering of music that is characterized by detailed, expressive shaping of the continuum between scale steps. The system creates models of pitch, amplitude, and spectral-centroid expression envelopes by utilizing nonlinear leastsquares fitting of constrained Bezier spline curves. Details of the modeling system have been published elsewhere [2]; this paper focuses on the unique challenges that arise in designing an editing system for such models to support compositional purposes. While some of the challenges are specific to the Bezier model, it is clear that many of the challenges would apply to any system that seeks to support modelling and editing of continuous expression using sets of linked curves and multiple layers of expression data.


An intelligent access control system with an analog-to-digital conversion function comprises a housing estate property management unit, an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, wherein the outdoor unit is connected with the indoor unit through an analog circuit; the outdoor unit comprises an analog-to-digital network converter; and the analog-to-digital network converter is connected with the housing estate property management unit through a TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) network digital circuit. The intelligent access control system with the analog-to-digital conversion function has advantages of an analog system and advantages of a digital system owing to the analog-to-digital network converter, mixed transmission of analog and digital signals in the access control system can be realized, and the safety, the utilization ratio and the intelligence of the access control system are improved effectively.


Automated visual inspection is one of these revolutions of industrial technologies. In today's world of technology, a manufacturer requires higher inspection speeds which can be replaced as human inspection. Therefore, the machine vision system plays an important role to develop the machine in the manufacturing process. Thus, it became necessary to develop a low-cost machine for sorting these products in an automated, accurate manner, and to make the system user friendly as possible. This paper presents a machine vision system designed to identify the height estimation to obtain the size of clamps real-time.


Surface integral equations, which are widely used to solve electromagnetic problems, require mesh generation on the very complex geometry surfaces of the 3D targets and circuits. This is a tedious and time-consuming work, but it is a very important work. A 3D surface hybrid mesh generator for multi-layer structures and complex targets is described. The new technique used in the generator is the grid-based Delauney type triangulation. Some quality complex meshes are provided to demonstrate the powerful mesh generator.


This article presents an analysis of the well-known specialized literature on the issue of proper coverage of the problems of the state and development of specialized general pedagogical principles used in the training process of wrestlers of various sports styles, as fundamental in the qualitative mastering of the motor-technical potential for achieving higher sports mastery. This analysis compares the substantive aspects on this issue in various sources and evaluates their significance for the practice of the training process.


God and Ghosts are the very important contents of Mohist school, but people have evaluated them differently from time immemorial. The features of Gods differ from that of Ghosts but maintain close ties as well. The ideal of Gods and Ghosts does not exist in isolation. It has its profound cultural origins. We should give it fair and equitable orientation.


Space-vector PWM has been used widely in control of multi-level inverters,but the control arithmetic will be more complicated as the number of level increases.This paper presents a kind of SVPWM that can use two-level SVPWM to simplify arithmetic through converting three-level reference voltage and can be used in multi-level SVPWM above three-level.The simulation results prove the feasibility of given control arithmetic.


On May 19, 1964, Leo Szilard wrote in a letter to an English friend, "In October of last year I spent ten days in London, much of the time in the shadow of the shadow Labor cabinet…. It looks to me that we are not going to make any significant progress toward any real arms control and I believe that in its absence proliferation of atomic bombs will not be avoidable in the long run."The enclosed manuscript, 'The Sting of the Bee in Saturation Parity,' is based on this belief. I wrote it after my visit to London, primarily to stimulate discussion among those in the Labor Party who are supposed to make up their minds on the issue of the bomb. I was amused to find that I could not get this article printed in England—if I wanted to. Political thought appears to be at a low ebb at the present time in England. I wonder whether this is going to change after the elections."The manuscript that is described in this letter never did appear in print, and the Bulletin is pleased to have received permission from Gertrud...


Collision detection between several objects in a closed space is an
interesting research topic in all those areas where objects must not
penetrate one another, such as Computer Graphics, Computer Vision,
Virtual Reality. In this paper, we describe a new data structure
design that is useful for collision detection in the environment of
ship design applications and several algorithms that solve the
collision problem in such environment. The paper is focused on
collision detection in complex systems with a large number of objects.


Background To determine the influence of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes on visual outcome and persistence of subretinal fluid (SRF) in patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Materials and methods In a retrospective study done in 48 eyes of 45 patients diagnosed as CSCR, all eyes were subjected to fundus photography, spectral domain OCT, and fluorescein angiography (FA) in selected cases. Results Retinal pigment epithelium detachment was present in 22.91% of the cases at presentation. The logMar best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.46±0.29 at presentation to 0.18±0.22 at 3 months (P-value<0.01). The mean foveal thickness was 486.81±146.06 µm at presentation and 259±94.5 µm at 3 months (P-value<0.01) (paired T-test). OCT factors that were associated with poor visual outcome (BCVA>0.3 logMar) were disruption in the inner segment (IS)/outer segment (OS) junction or external limiting membrane (ELM) line and hyper-reflective dots in the intra/subretinal layer (P-value<0.05) (Fischer's Exact test). Out of the total 48 eyes, 26 had persistent SRF at 3 months. The presence of discontinuation in IS/OS junction and hyper-reflective dots in the intra/subretinal layer were the only two OCT factors that were associated with the persistence of SRF (P-value<0.01) (Pearson's Chi-square test). Conclusion Visual outcome and persistence of subretinal fluid at 3 months can be predicted on the basis of early morphologic changes in OCT. This will aid in counseling patients regarding its course and may guide us in its management.


Abstract The performance of a hybrid heterotrophic/autotrophic/BAC bioreactor (HHABB) for denitrification of drinking water was studied in continuous mode for several months to determine the optimal conditions. The HHABB was consisted of three compartments: ethanol heterotrophic part (EH-part), sulfur autotrophic part (SA-part) and BAC-part (including anoxic and aerobic sections). The experiments were conducted at six runs with NO3 − loading rates ranged from 0.36 to 1.45 kgN m−3 d−1, C:N ratios 0.53 and 0.70 and approximately constant NO3 − concentration of 30 mgN l−1. At lower NO3 − loading rates (0.36 and 0.72 kgN m−3 d–1), the C:N ratio 0.53 provided high denitrification efficiencies (96–99%) with very low effluent DOC and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) concentrations of 0.33–0.50 mgC l−1 and 26–41 μg l−1, respectively. In contrast, at No3 − loading rate 1.07 kgN m−3 d−1, an increase in C:N ratio to 0.70 was required to achieve suitable results. The aerobic BAC-part showed suitable efficie...


This article is the report of an investigation of  pronunciation difficulties of Turkish speakers/learners of English which are  due to differences in the sound-letter representations in the orthographies of the two languages, namely called "ortographic interference". These difficulties are different in nature than those arising from differences in the sound sysytems of Turkish and English. While Turkish orthography is to a large extent phonemic, i.e. employing a one-to-one letter-sound correspondence (with few exceptions such as  k - kâr- ? - yegane- gavur, etc.), English orthography, on the other hand,  represents 46 sounds of the spoken language with 102 single or group of letters in the written language. Such actual difficulties arising from the differences in the orthographic sound-letter represenatations of Turkish and English are classified, evaluated, and their sources are explained through a detailed phonetic analysis as applied to research methods of "contarstive analysis" and "error analysis", which are effective approaches in the field of Applied Linguistics and Foreign Language Learning. For different categories of difficulties, corrective exercises are recommended for the teaching and learning of  English pronunciation to Turkish students.


Software security is an important aspect of ensuring software quality. Early detection of vulnerable code during development is essential for the developers to make cost and time effective software testing. The traditional software metrics are used for early detection of software vulnerability, but they are not directly related to code constructs and do not specify any particular granularity level. The goal of this study is to help developers evaluate software security using class-level traceable patterns called micro patterns to reduce security risks. The concept of micro patterns is similar to design patterns, but they can be automatically recognized and mined from source code. If micro patterns can better predict vulnerable classes compared to traditional software metrics, they can be used in developing a vulnerability prediction model. This study explores the performance of class-level patterns in vulnerability prediction and compares them with traditional class-level software metrics. We studied security vulnerabilities as reported for one major release of Apache Tomcat, Apache Camel and three stand-alone Java web applications. We used machine learning techniques for predicting vulnerabilities using micro patterns and class-level metrics as features. We found that micro patterns have higher recall in detecting vulnerable classes than the software metrics.


The structure and principle of inlet metering valve for high pressure common rail pump were analyzed in this paper.And compared the experiment results of the four kinds of inlet metering valve flow characteristic that made by several foreign companies and our self-developed.Through great amount of tests and improvements,the self-developed inlet metering valve has good rail pressure control stability,dynamic response and test repeatability,thus meet the design target.


A general approach to study of energy interaction between hot electrons and phonons is presented. Basing on kinetic equations for both subsystems of these quasiparticles we suggest the most convenient models for the theoretical investigation of hot electrons as well as of hot phonons. All of these models are based on possibility of obtaining the symmetric part of nonequilibrium distribution function in the form of the Dirac function (for electrons) or the Planck function (for phonons) with own nonequilibrium local temperatures. General equations are obtained for these temperatures.


This paper discusses associational and computational approaches to language and cognition with a special focus on modern Polish. The authors indicate the sources for both views and try to combine these views in or der to answer the underlying question of how language is processed. The analysis of Polish morphology (scil. veib inflection) has shown that such a combination is possible and scientifically valuable but still more specific research on the neuronal correlates of linguistic behaviours is needed.


Two contributions to this symposium on the use of expert econometric evidence in securities fraud litigation-one by Esther Bruegger and Fred Dunbar, and the other by Frank Torchio-touch on a question that is much bigger than their specific subjects: how much of what is important in these cases should we leave exclusively to the financial economists, letting their event studies and other forms of quantitative proof determine the outcome of the lawsuits? This is a question with a long history. In the 1980s, a vision of fraud-on-the-market litigation emerged that was not simply (or even mainly) about corrective justice or the practicalities of class action case management. It instead presented an elegant, economics-driven way of identifying and remedying serious harm to price integrity in the financial markets while at the same time controlling litigation abuse by carefully weeding out those spurious cases which do not involve significant fraud or harm. That vision made econometric evidence the test on crucial matters of materiality, reliance, causation, and damages. Daniel Fischel and Frank Easterbrook gave the vision strong intellectual coherence and legitimacy.1 The elegant vision-indeed, any use of event studies or other econometric evidence-says that we are to measure the historic state of the world resulting from the alleged fraud against a counterfactual world of no fraud to test whether there really was fraud and, if so, assess the out-of-pocket damages.2 "No fraud" is understood to mean "if the truth had been told." As Easterbrook put it in one of his early judicial opinions, "[t]he usual measure of damages in a case under Rule 10b-5 is the difference between what the stock fetched and what it would have been worth had all of the information been disclosed."3 The subsequent market reaction to corrective disclosure thus becomes the baseline from which to estimate the difference between the transaction price and the hypothetical fair value, because only that event reveals the market's assessment of the value of what was not disclosed. As others and I have written about at length elsewhere,4 many conceptual and practical difficulties come about from trying to make stock price evidence so determinative, which has led to a fracturing of contemporary fraud-on-the-market doctrine. The emphasis on corrective disclosure is problematic because the corrective disclosure can be both over- and under-inclusive.5 Corrective disclosure often reveals either too much (information beyond that known or knowable at the time of the fraud, or extraneous information bundled together with the correction)6 or too little (excluding information already impounded into the market price through leakage or other informal mechanisms) to be a particularly precise baseline. These problems are well known, and vigorously debated by practitioners, judges, and academics. I wonder, however, whether in obsessing over them we have missed a deeper question about corrective disclosure-is it necessarily the right counterfactual in the first place?7 After all, there is another way of thinking about "no fraud": the hypothetical state of the world had the defendant never said anything false or misleading. And this is perfectly sensible. Although U.S. securities law may have been tending toward a general affirmative duty to reveal all material information in its early years, this shifted noticeably in the 1980s. Today, the most accurate statement of the case law-though some plaintiffs' lawyers still choke on it-is that companies have no duty to reveal the material adverse facts in their possession simply because the market is assuming something more positive. For there to be nondisclosure liability, either the SEC must have imposed a duty to disclose the information in question in a 10-K or other filing, or the company must be responsible for the market's misimpression, either because of something it previously said that is still "alive" in the market or because something it is saying contemporaneously is materially misleading because it omits the truth. …


Summary Isoniazid-resistant, catalasedeficient strains of tubercle bacilli are strikingly less pathogenic for hamsters than for CF1 mice. Neither of these species of animals manifests much tuberculin hypersensitivity. Therefore, the differences in susceptibility of different animal species to such strains of tubercle bacilli cannot be consistently related to differences in ability to develop tuberculin hypersensitivity during the course of tuberculous infection.


Providing adequate health care is particularly complex for healthcare professionals who treat patients in correctional settings. The prison population is particularly vulnerable, both as regards their physical as their mental wellbeing, amongst others due to their social background. Moreover, prison populations contain a high prevalence of persons with addiction problems, mental health issues and diseases. Furthermore, ethical and legal issues such as confidentiality, informed consent of the patient and the perceived or real dual loyalty of health staff to patients and prison authorities play an important role in the organization of adequate health care in prisons.

This chapter gives an overview of the legal tensions and incompatibilities between prison legislation and legal provisions relating to qualitative health care in the general population. The latter will draw heavily on the rights of health care patients in a free society, as prison health care is governed by the principle of equivalence, which should ensure that the type and quality of health care delivered to prisoners should be of the same standard as that available in free society. Attention will be paid to contradictions between prison law and the right to adequate health care, as well as contradictions between the organization of health care in prisons and in free society. The report has a rights-based approach, i.e. it offers an analysis of the legal rights prisoners may invoke while in detention to ascertain their right to qualitative health-care. This implies that the legal provisions discussed will mainly stem from laws such as the 2005 Basic Law on prisons. Circular letters, directed at the internal organization of prisons, do not enumerate new rights for prisoners, nor can prisoners use them to enforce the provisions contained therein. Moreover, as a rule, they are not made public. As such, they are discussed to clarify certain aspects rather than being discussed exhaustively.


In network intrusion prevention, attack packets are detected and filtered out based on their attack signatures. Pattern matching is extensively used to find attack signatures and the most time-consuming execution part of Network Intrusion Prevention Systems(NIPS). Pattern matching is usually accelerated by hardware and should be performed at wire speed in NIPS. However, that alone is not good enough. First, pattern matching hardware should be able to generate sufficient pattern match information including the pattern index number and the location of the match found at wire speed. Second, it should support pattern grouping to reduce unnecessary pattern matches. Third, it should always have a constant worst-case performance even if the number of patterns is increased. Finally it should be able to update patterns in a few minutes or seconds without stopping its operations, We propose a system architecture to meet the above requirement. The system architecture can process multiple pattern characters in parallel and employs a pipeline architecture to achieve high speed. Using Xilinx FPGA simulation, we show that the new system stales well to achieve a high speed oner 10Gbps and satisfies all of the above requirements.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to gain insight into the interaction-sensitive skills medical practitioners enact as they manage multiple organizational factors in the context of discharging patients.Design/methodology/approachFor that purpose, we carried out a cognitive ethnographic study in a Danish hospital, where we video-recorded three pre-ward round meetings, five discharge conversations and conducted seven semi-structured interviews. Fieldnotes and interview transcripts were analyzed using the method Cognitive Task Analysis, and video-recordings were analyzed via the interactivity-based approach Cognitive Event Analysis.FindingsOur findings show that practitioners coordinate multi-scalar resources (e.g. verbal patterns and cognitive artifacts) in order to discharge patients in a safe and integrated way, which we propose amounts to the social and intercorporeal ability to align simultaneously emerging factors, like organizational procedures in the hospital, artifacts in use, sociocultural resources and the individual medical expertise of the practitioner in the emerging social interaction with the patient. In pursing this claim, we investigate the linguistic and cognitive processes emerging in a single case study of a nurse who discharges a patient. We propose that the interaction-sensitive skill which enables the nurse to solve the task of discharging the patient can be characterized via hybrid cognition.Originality/valueThus, the value of the article is dual: On the one hand, it empirically contributes with knowledge of the complex organizational structures that constrains micro-level medical interactions in discharges, and on the other, the article contributes theoretically with a hybrid cognitive framework that allows organizational researchers to understand and assess complex cognitive and linguistic processes that goes into the social micro-coordination in complex organizational-medical task.


Color printers are classified according to the type of users and distribution channels. Entry level and desktop level A4 printers are compact low-cost machines targeted at personal and SOHO users. The small to mid-sized small workgroup A4 printers are aimed at SOHO and small to medium businesses. Large A4 printers in the middle workgroup target small to medium businesses and large corporations. The high-end class mainly includes machines capable of printing A3 copies. Although competition is fierce and there is a prominent move toward lower retail costs, shipments for low-end entry to desktop level printers are growing, and this trend is expected to continue. In contrast, printer shipments for the mid/upper class small and middle workgroups remain essentially flat with very little chance of market growth. However, price drops in these segments have not been as significant as the lowend segments and can be considered as markets that will retain high profitability. C610/C711 Product Concept


Logistic bandit is a ubiquitous framework of modeling users' choices, e.g., click vs. no click for advertisement recommender system. We observe that the prior works overlook or neglect dependencies in $S \geq \lVert \theta_\star \rVert_2$, where $\theta_\star \in \mathbb{R}^d$ is the unknown parameter vector, which is particularly problematic when $S$ is large, e.g., $S \geq d$. In this work, we improve the dependency on $S$ via a novel approach called {\it regret-to-confidence set conversion (R2CS)}, which allows us to construct a convex confidence set based on only the \textit{existence} of an online learning algorithm with a regret guarantee. Using R2CS, we obtain a strict improvement in the regret bound w.r.t. $S$ in logistic bandits while retaining computational feasibility and the dependence on other factors such as $d$ and $T$. We apply our new confidence set to the regret analyses of logistic bandits with a new martingale concentration step that circumvents an additional factor of $S$. We then extend this analysis to multinomial logistic bandits and obtain similar improvements in the regret, showing the efficacy of R2CS. While we applied R2CS to the (multinomial) logistic model, R2CS is a generic approach for developing confidence sets that can be used for various models, which can be of independent interest.


Abstract Traditional views about God and about deliberation seem to imply that we need a deliberation restriction on the concept of divine omniscience. I will argue, however, that this deliberation restriction is both irrelevant and unnecessary. It is irrelevant because there is no time at which God needs to deliberate; and it is unnecessary because even if God does deliberate, it's possible for him to do so while knowing what the results of that deliberation will be. And because this possibility of deliberating despite knowing the results holds for deliberation in general, my argument provides useful (and perhaps surprising) results not only for discussions of the divine attributes, but also for broader discussions of deliberation itself.


On the basis of analyzing the bending tensile stress,radial stress,circumferential stress and equivalent stress of coiled tubing(CT),the predicting model for fatigue life of coiled tubing was established;Then based on the predicted calculation,through analyzing the influence of many factors,such as internal liquid stress of CT,outer diameter,wall thickness,diameter of rolled canister and tensile strength on the fatigue life of CT,this paper put forward the practical methods improving the service life of CT.


DuPontTM SHIELD Technology allows polyamide and polyphthalamide resins to be used at higher temperatures than could be previously achieved. This SHIELD Technology combines several innovations, including a new polymer backbone, polymer modifications and a special set of additives, to enhance performance. The resistance to thermo-oxidative damage and chemical degradation is highly superior to standard polyamide polyamide and polyphthalamide resins. Examples of improved performance include:  Improved air oven aging retaining >50% of initial mechanical properties after at least 1000 hours at 210°C  Improved fluid aging resistance maintaining >75% of its impact strength after 5000 hrs at 150°C in hot oil.  Improved CaCl2 resistance, resisting cracks three times the number of cycles of standard glass-reinforced nylons.


This is an extremely informative and timely text that summarizes the current research in the rapidly expanding area of copper metabolism and toxicology. The preface gives a concise overview in addition to introducing the importance of copper in biological systems and the disorders arising from the mishandling of copper. It is therefore extremely useful to those with only a cursory knowledge of copper metabolism. The book is divided into six sections: "Copper in Mammals", "Copper Proteins", "Copper Transport", "Molecular Pathogenesis of Diseases of Copper Metabolism", "Copper Toxicity and Therapeutics", and "Copper Metabolism and Homeostasis", followed by an …


This paper studied on reproductive strategies of Kobresia pygmaea in alpine meadow from sexual reproduction,vegetative reproduction and reproductive efforts respectively.The results show that the seed output of Kobresia pygmaea is 4 553.8 per \{unit\}(m 2),and in field is only 4% and 1% respectively,and there is only 1% and 2% seed germinate after treated by pH8.0~8.5 NaOH and 1‰ GA 3 (24 h)separately, but the germination is 52.6% when seed vessel is removed,so the main reason which lead to low germination is hard seed vessel;there is only 24.35% seed which get into seed bank and retain to grass greening,and keep vitality,and the germination in fit condition is only 3%.So the seedling is only 11.09 per unit(m 2) in field,but the new ramets are 6 256.25 unit(m 2) of Kobresia pygmaea by vegetative reproduction.In addition,vegetative reproductive effort is more than sexual reproductive effort,and it is 90.92% in all of reproductive effort.In a word,the reproductive strategy of Kobresia pygmaea is vegetative reproduction as main,sexual reproduction as secondary in alpine condition.


The research aimed at designing exercises and identifying the effect of varied training style on aerobic endurance development and men's half marathon achievement. The researchers used the experimental method on (5) athletes who participated in championships for athletics' clubs and Iraqi institutions for the year 2019. The researchers specified (10Km) and (21Km) tests, a pilot study was conducted, and then the training program was applied for four months with four training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that aerobic endurance developed using varied training as well as achievement. Finally, the researchers recommended using modern training methods and styles that suits the sport in order to reach the optimal goal as well as making similar studies using varied training on other individual and team sports for both genders for different age groups. In addition to that, the researchers recommended using varied training on other physical abilities.


Current and emerging NOx emission regulations were reviewed to identify possible constraints on high-performance burner application in industrial furnaces. Industrial furnace regulations were evaluated for new and existing sources in air quality attainment and nonattainment areas. Processes emphasized were ferrous and nonferrous metals heating and heat-treating furnaces, glass melting furnaces, and mineral kilns. Regulation of best available control technology (BACT) for new sources is projected to impact process furnaces the most. Metal reheating furnaces, glass melting furnaces, and kilns will be the most susceptible to BACT. Nonferrous melting forging furnace and soaking pits will not be seriously constrained by BACT.


Survey sampling literature describes several methods of using certain auxiliary information to attain more efficient sampling and estimation procedures. If the required information is not available in advance for the entire population, it might be advantageous to collect certain items for a larger, preliminary sample and then use this to improve on the estimation from a smaller, final sample. This technique is generally referred to as double or two-phase sampling. Three cases may be distinguished according to the use made of the initial sample: (i) to change the selection probabilities, (ii) to group the units, (iii) for direct use in forming estimators. Double sampling for stratification and for ratio or regression estimation are two wellknown applications (see for instance Cochran [3]). Des Raj [10] and [11] generalizes to situations where it is considered desirable to select the sample units with probabilities proportionate to some measure of size. Sedransk [12] shows that double-sampling technique provides a useful framework in which to carry out a survey with non-identifiable groups and with a low cost of identification of each element. This is often a useful procedure when sampling from files that contain information about the particular group to which each unit of the population belongs. A difficulty often encountered in cluster or two-stage sampling is an inadequate knowledge of the composition of the clusters or primary units. Dalenius [4] describes a situation of this kind that occurred in a Swedish survey of car-owners carried out by the Central Bureau of Statistics in 1954. The car registers on which the selection was to be based were not arranged by community but by licence number, and for reasons of economy it was considered highly desirable to use two-stage sampling. Among the procedures considered was two-phase sampling for two-stage sampling, the basic idea of which was to form a temporary sampling frame based on a relatively large preliminary sample in which car-owners were identified as to community (= cluster). The second sampling phase consisted of two-stage sampling with communities as primary sampling units. It is the purpose of this paper to work out some algebraic details in connection with sampling procedures of this kind. The discussion is carried out in terms of design and estimator combinations, which will be explained below.


Wilson, Dylan Garrett. An Empirical Study of the Tacit Knowledge Management Potential of Pair Programming. (Under the direction of Laurie Ann Williams.) This work describes an experiment comparing knowledge sharing in two distinct team structures. Given the increasing importance of knowledge in the workplace, especially software engineering, we are interested in paradigms that can assist in knowledge management. To this end, we conducted an experiment to determine how the paired or solo programming model affects knowledge sharing during a software project. We show a pattern of results that suggest pair programming has a positive effect on knowledge sharing. We also find development time is somewhat higher when using paired programming, but product quality is unaffected by programming method though these results are not statistically significant. An Empirical Study of the Tacit Knowledge Management Potential of Pair Programming


The cultural images and symbols demonstrated in Beijing Olympics opening ceremony to some extent construct the evolving national culture and identification in long history of China as a whole.National culture is one of the ways of existence of human beings.National development is closely related to the innovation of national culture.The metaphorical significance of the Great Wall in the performance is Chinese contemporary nationalists' imagination of history and present expectation: peace and prosperity.Cultural symbolic representation of the two parts of art performance in Beijing Olympic Games opening ceremony is the imagination of a nation and the evolution and examination of national identification.Through panoramic representation of the essence of traditional Chinese culture,the image of China as an old and mysterious oriental empire with its ignorance and backwardness is overthrown.This is the precious heritage Chinese traditional culture leaves to contemporary Chinese.


In penetrating the legal maze enveloping the question of privacy, solicitor Melville-Brown recalls how a case involving Queen Victoria and Prince Albert was perhaps the germinal start of it all: "Private etchings made by the royals for their own gratification, of which surreptitious copies were taken at the shop they had been sent to for impressions to be made, gave rise to this early claim. An enterprising chap proposed to exhibit the copies, publicising the exhibition in a catalogue. A distinctly unamused monarch sent her husband off to deal with the fellow (after all, one does not want one's private etchings gawped at by one's subjects) and the dutiful husband was granted an injunction in confidence against the entrepreneur's 'sordid spying into the privacy of domestic life' in respect of both catalogue and exhibition. This action similarly protected material of a confidential nature, imparted in circumstances importing an obligation of confidence, and where there had been a misuse of that information to the detriment of the person communicating it..." And she concludes: "At present, there appears to be an uneasy truce between those demanding privacy protection and those defending free speech. There is a Faustian pact at play here: celebrities need the media to make them celebrated; the public wants the press to entertain and educate them; the media wants to serve them both to serve itself. While free speech and privacy continue to fight it out for supremacy like two naughty children, time only will show whether that pact will survive.


A method and a control module for diagnosing a function of machine components include a comparison module that compares an in-cylinder pressure signal with a threshold value, and a fault display module that generates a diagnostic signal for a machine component in response to the comparisons.


Advanced packaging technologies, such as 3D/2.5D IC and fan out, etc. has been changing the game rule of semiconductor chain, and blurring the boundaries between foundries and OSATs. Wafer level fan out package has been getting lots of attention since tsmc's InFO technology adopted for the flagship smartphones in 2016. Industry is working further on converting wafer level fan out to panel level fan out to achieve higher productivity and realize fine line interconnection and heterogeneous integration. Powertech Technology Inc. was the first company to setup the fine line trace and large panel level fan out solution in the world. This paper introduced the benefits, challenges and visions of this emerging package technology.


Sergio Leone's cinema proposes a critic reading of western as the quintessential "American film" by deconstructing its founding codes, transfiguring its established settings and canonical characters, dislocating its typical situations. From these actions derives a complex Weltanschauung that intertwines the European and US imaginaries, thinking over the American myth toward an Italianization that involves crucial aspects such as History, Ideology, and Identity.


Funders can play a proactive role in helping to fill the gap between funders' expectations and nonprofits' ability to evaluate grant results. Using a partner-centered design, Johnson & Johnson piloted an evaluation capacity-building initiative that supported eight grantees in strengthening their ability to measure and use findings concerning health-related outcomes, by focusing on key evaluation challenges identified by the grantees. This article describes the design, implementation, and results of a participatory, nonprofit-partner-centered evaluation capacity-building initiative, and shares learnings from the perspectives of both the corporate funder and the nonprofit participants. eager to learn more about the outcomes of its approach and identify ways to strengthen its impact, particularly as it was expanding its work from New York and Chicago into a third city, New Orleans. Board commissioned an independent consultant to undertake a multi-method assessment of its grantmaking portfolio both to look back on its impact and to inform future decision-making and strategy. This paper explains the assessment methodology, examines the results of the assessment, and describes the steps the Foundation has taken following the assessment to integrate its findings. In doing so, this article provides a case study of how a small foundation, with modest resources, can engage in an organizational learning process through assessment and build a culture of inquiry to help understand its impact over the long-term, without engaging in an expensive, labor-intensive evaluation. This article explores how the Financial Health Analysis Tool can bridge the gap between the capacity of grantmakers to conduct financial analysis and the need to incorporate financial considerations into both grantmaking and ongoing engagement with grantees. Foundation The tool presents four years of key financial indicators in graphs and charts that create a kind of dashboard of a nonprofit's financial health over time. This small set of simple metrics highlights patterns and trends that can help grantmakers and nonprofits see how the financial management of an organization is advancing its mission and strategy. Using a series of interviews with a group of early users of the tool, this article looks at how these metrics are deployed in practice by grantmakers and illustrates three areas where they can be of particular utility: due diligence and evaluating grants; capacity building; and recognizing larger patterns and opportunities. When combined with financial resources, data is being seen as the fuel for innovation and social change; yet, there is no one way that "data" is conceptualized in its various functions. This article, based on participant observation and interviews with charitable foundations in Central Texas, reveals a complex and nuanced approach to data in philanthropy. Results suggest that data is generated and used in a multiplicity of ways, including for: need identification, fund programs/research, evaluation and learning, and measuring community impact. Six recommendations are identified that offer best practices for integrating a data perspective into philanthropic work. These include: view evaluation as a tool for learning, create a safe space to share data, clarify what is "good data" and "good evaluation", fund evaluation efforts of partners, support evaluation capacity, and advocate for community data infrastructure. proposes a conceptual framework for weathering threats from changing conditions, the providing a simple yet powerful way of assessing and improving current practices.


Objective To explore the application value of supracondylar interlocking nail for supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the distal femur. Method This series included 18 men and 11 women aged from 18 to 72 years. Supracondylar interlocking intramedullary nails were used in those who suffered from distal femur fractures with static technique,and CPM was followed.Result All patients were followed up for 7 months to 3 years (average followed up time 17 months). All were healed well with average healing time 14 weeks (ranged 8 to 22 weeks). The evaluation of the results by the Neer's criteria revealed good and excellent in 24 cases (82.8%), fair in 3 cases (10.3%) and poor in 2 cases (6.9%). No one got serious complications. Conclusion The supracondylar interlocking intramedullary nail is quite effective in the treatment of supracondylar and intercondylar femur fractures. The strong biomechanical fixation that provided by it is benefit to the healing of fractures and the recovery of motion of knee joints.


Observations on the biting activity of the Anopheles nuneztovari collected between 18:00 and 22:00 in different places along BR-174 Highway (Manaus/Boa Vista) which presented the exophilic habit are here related. Variations at the beginning and at the end of the biting activity were noted, but it is concentrated approximately between 18:30 and 19:10.


Effects of the additives MnCl 2 , sulfide, and their combined influence on aluminum deposition and dissolution in NaAlCl 4 saturated with NaCl have been studied by polarization measurements, galvanostatic deposition, and current reversal chronopotentiometry


Observing the phenomenon of shifting similarity, especially in the cultural aspects of recitation (beut) of the Qur'an in the prevention of community life. The Aceh Besar District Government is based on the value of dedication and moral responsibility to intervene through a breakthrough and policy on Beut Al-Qur'an Ba'da Magrib (BABM) Program. The implementation of BABM refers to two main foundations: First, the socio-cultural foundation, in which the seumeubet tradition has been deeply rooted in the Acehnese society carried out in meunasah, mosques, balee seumeubeut or in private homes. Second, the juridical basis, in the form of Law No. 11 of 2016 on the Government of Aceh, and the Regulation of the Regent of Aceh Besar. 53 of 2012 on Guidelines for Implementation Beut Al-Qur'an Ba'da Magrib In Aceh Besar District. The BABM program, which has been running for five years since it was launched in 2012 and continues to date in 604 gampongs in Aceh Besar District, has received good results. First, the BABM program has yielded good results on the development and improvement of the literacy of al-Qur'an for school-aged children in Aceh Besar. Second, the BABM program also has a positive impact on increasing religious understanding among school-aged children through the addition of a number of religious teaching materials taught in BABM programs, as well as changing their character better than ever. Third, through the implementation of the BABM program has also fostered the spirit of religious practice among the community, while reducing the negative impacts and criminality in the community.


The area of possible application of portable X-ray spectrometers for determination of chemical composition of steels and alloys is outlined. There is presented the method of numerical estimation of spectrometer analytical characteristics and its efficiency is analyzed by comparison with experimental data.


In today's technology-crazed environment, distance learning is touted as a cost-effective option for delivering employee training and higher education programs, such as bachelor's, master's and even doctoral degrees.Distance Learning Technologies: Issues, Trends and Opportunities provides readers with an in-depth understanding of distance learning and the technologies available for this innovative media of learning and instruction. It traces the development of distance learning from its history to suggestions of a solid strategic implementation plan to ensure its successful and effective deployment.


Aiming at a new ranking method for a triangle fuzzy numbers based on a new distance of triangular fuzzy number,the multi-attribute decision making is studied with fuzzy number valued index in an example,which is given to show the feasibility of the method.


This article according to most corporate existence of various software independently run, the data can't be mutually shared among softwares, some older softwares or softwares that do not apply with the current mainstream operating system incompatibilities and other problems, analyze and use interfaces and integration solutions. This platform utilizes cloud computing technology to solve most of the information platform for enterprises to build large investment problems, while easy to use and maintain enterprise.


THE PHOTOCATALYTIC EFFECT OF P-25 DEGUSSA AND Fe2O3-TiO2 DERIVED FROM BANGKAINDONESIA ILMENITE EXTRACTION FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT OF LEACHATE ON THE LANDFILL CILOWONG. The current work presents the results of investigation on the decreasing levels of BOD5, COD, TDS of leachate on the landfill (TPA) Cilowong by using Fe2O3-TiO2 catalyst derived from the extraction process of Bangka Indonesia ilmenite as well as commercial TiO2 P-25 Degussa catalysts. The measurement was carried out in a photocatalytic reactor of 30 x 15 x 20 cm equipped with a 50 watt UV radiation. The process was performed for 90 minutes at room temperature, and the samples were taken every 15 min for BOD, COD, and TDS analyses. The ratio of leachate to H2O (%v) was varied as 1/4; 1/8; 1/12 and 1/16, with the amount of catalyst used was 1 gram. The result on ratio of leachate to H2O of 1/16 showed the decrease in BOD5, COD, TDS with the use of Fe2O3-TiO2 catalysts by 45; 90.43 and 100% for Fe2O3-TiO2 catalysts, while with the use of Degussa P-25 TiO2 catalysts the decrease in BOD5, COD, TDS reached by 80.6; 75 and 100%, respectively. On the basis of findings, it is shown that Ilmenite Bangka Indonesia has great potential as a raw material for synthesizing the Fe2O3-TiO2 catalysts.


Department of Perinatology, Osaka University Hospital Perinatal Center, Osaka, Japan The neonatal mortality rate has been consistently maintained at 1.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in Japan, which is the lowest level in the world. In addition, long-term survival and prognosis of extremely preterm infants, including neonates born at 22-23 weeks of gestation, has continued to improve. In order to provide high-quality medical care, we had constructed a perinatal transport network, 104 Level 3 perinatal centers, and 292 Level 2 perinatal centers as of 2016. To make additional progress in improving outcomes for high-risk infants, we developed a research database system, 'Neonatal Research Network Japan (NRNJ)' in 2003. Analysis through this database system enables comparison between various randomized controlled trials, domestically and internationally. To improve quality of care at neonatal intensive care units (NICU), we developed another unique project "INTACT" (Improvement of NICU Practice & Team Approach ClusterRandomized controlled Trial) in 2011. In this project, we aim to correct the disparity in clinical skills, techniques, and knowledge which exists between facilities, and provide a more equalized, highquality standard of neonatal care. The neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (NCPR) training program is another strategy which helps maintain our clinical quality. With these challenges, (NRN database, INTACT RC traial, and NCPR program), we will strive towards reaching our goal of "intact survival" of all newborn babies.


For ten years, the government has been promoting group practice in primary care, particularly towards primary care team(s). This article offers a preliminary assessment of these structures through an approach based on geographic and econometric tools. This dual approach aims at analysing the distribution of these structures and their impact on the density of liberal general practitioners (GPs). The methodology is based on the development of spatial typologies, and a case-control study comparing the evolution of the density of GPs in areas with and without primary care team(s), before and after the generalization of this policy. The results show a more rural location of these structures, especially in underserved and deprived areas, and a smaller decrease in supply in some rural and suburban areas with primary care team(s).


Abstract In this short introduction to the topic of the symposium, some analytical elements are suggested for the concept of work-load, the large variety or work-load categories is recalled, and mention is made of some factors determining work-load, which will be elaborated on in the papers presented by other authors.


Ancient as well as modern critics have been struck by the fact that Homer represents the Trojans less favourably than the Greeks ^). When Trojan heroes such as Hector or Aeneas are mentioned in the Iliad, the Scholia abound with notes pointing to the inferiority of the Trojans and the superior character of their Greek opponents (2). Though the observations of the Scholia are no doubt exaggerated on this point, modern critics, too, have observed that in some passages the Trojans are represented as inferior to the Greeks (3). On the other hand, it cannot be denied that the Trojans are portrayed sympathetically in their domestic


A review of published data on the Ti-8A1-1Mo-IV alloy is given; data are quoted for tensile strengths, compressive strengths, tensile and compressive moduli, fatigue strength, stability under lead, weldability, static residual strength and susceptibility to hot salt stress corrosion.


Construction and demolition waste (CDW) has begun to take its toll on the environment. One option to mitigate the negative influence is to utilize CDW as recycled aggregate (RA) in concrete production. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mixtures prepared by replacing natural aggregate (NA) with RA, with expansive agent (EXP) and polypropylene fiber (PPF) as additives, have been cast to study their mechanical properties and environmental impact. The results of compressive strength testing reveal that both additives, EXP and PPF, have positive effects on the mechanical properties. The microscopic analysis shows that the hydration reaction of EXP generates ettringite crystals which fill the internal pores of the concrete and increase the compactness of the concrete. Fiber can significantly improve the bonding between cement paste and aggregates, thus enhancing the deformation resistance of concrete. Environmental analysis shows that the leaching amount of heavy metals is very limited which is within 11.67% of the required value in China standard, and carbon emission of concrete with RA as aggregates and fly ash as low-carbon binder is lower than that of concrete without RA. The use of CDW recycled aggregates may significantly mitigate the environmental impact and improve the sustainability during concrete production.


The degradation of phenol under microelectrolysis was enhanced by O2-microbubbles. Phenol solution was circled in a microbubble-assisted microelectrolysis reactor under acid conditions. The degradation rate of phenol reached 65 % within 2 h with O2-microbubbles, compared to 9.5 % and 4 % with air- and N2-microbubbles due to better dissolution of oxygen with finer microbubbles and at higher dissolution pressure. Higher efficiencies of phenol degradation at lower temperature further confirm the role of dissolved oxygen. In the microbubble-assisted microelectrolysis system dissolved oxygen, carbon steel pellets, and sulfuric acid are necessary conditions for the oxidation of phenol. The conversion of phenol increases with an increasing amount of carbon steel pellets and/or sulfuric acid. Catechol, hydroquinone, and low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids are the major products.


Part 1 Background: learning experiences experiental learning and theory the behaviour of the learners experiential learning as a motivator. Part 2 The practice: planning the programme selecting, using and producing materials writing and exercise anatomy of an exercise the great outdoors 1 the great outdoors 2 - Brathay Hall trust triumphs and disasters return to reality. Part 3 The exercises: water bomb 1 water bomb 2 triple crown the siding capitation committee Darlington station invisible load push-pull sum development targets for Jane Ryder a staff development programme for Jeremy Isis scenarios 1 and 2 great eggspectations centipede appraisal activity - "I'll help you improve your driving".


Global antenatal care Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, recently stated that, 'The global mobilisation behind the Millennium Development Goals has produced the most successful anti-poverty movement in history'. Data presented in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) report published in 2015 http://www. un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/ pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201). pdf support this statement. Goal 5 aimed to improve maternal health, and since 1990 the maternal mortality ratio has declined by 45% worldwide, with most of the fall occurring since 2000, with a 36% reduction over this time. In Southern Asia, the maternal mortality ratio declined by 64% between 1990 and 2013, and in sub-Saharan Africa it fell by 49%. Globally, more than 71% of births were assisted by skilled health personnel in 2014, an increase from 59% in 1990. However, not all of the results of this global initiative have been successful. In 2001 a multicentre randomised controlled trial performed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Antenatal Care Trial Research Group compared the standard model of developed world antenatal care (ANC) with a new model that emphasises actions known to be effective in improving maternal or neonatal outcomes and requires fewer clinic visits. At these visits women receive a basic care package and are alerted to warning signs indicating possible problems during their pregnancy. In addition, arrangements are made to ensure support in planning a safe delivery. The new model has a median of five visits compared with eight in the standard model (Villar J et al. Lancet 2001;357:1551–64). The following year WHO published a manual for implementation of this new ANC model, now known as Focused Antenatal Care (FANC; http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/ 2001/WHO_RHR_01.30.pdf). One of the aims of the MDGs was to increase the proportion of women throughout the world who received four or more antenatal visits. This aim has been only partially realised. Although in Northern Africa the proportion of pregnant women who received four or more antenatal visits increased from 50% to 89% between 1990 and 2014, as of 2014, on average only 52% of pregnant women in the developing regions received the recommended number of antenatal care visits during pregnancy, with an average increase in coverage of just 17% since around 1990. In sub-Saharan Africa, coverage levels have shown little change over the past two decades, with a small increase from 47% to 49% of pregnant women receiving the recommended care (Figure 1). On page 540 Kearns and co-workers examine the successes and challenges of several ANC and postnatal care (PNC) delivery models in different settings around the world, explore the lessons learned from these models, and make recommendations for future programmes. The eight case studies cover a variety of approaches for delivering ANC and PNC in urban and rural settings and at the hospital, clinic, and community level, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These models variably address how, where, or by whom ANC or PNC is delivered, as well as the potential for introducing these across other settings. The authors describe enabling factors to improve ANC and PNC. These include: increasing the demand for maternal health care via women's groups and increasing involvement of partners; strengthening the healthcare workforce with incentives, whether monetary or otherwise, to reflect responsibilities, ensuring workers receive adequate support and feel valued so they are more motivated to provide higher-quality care; and improving referral networks and strengthening the connection between community based care and higher-level care. They also describe technological innovations such as the use of electronic medical records and 24-hour telephone and mobile phone hotlines. They describe methods of integration of health care and increased collaboration between maternal health and other health programmes.


Three years ago, the mantra for managing multiple sclerosis (MS) was collaboration, highlighted in the first edition of the Multiple Sclerosis Trend Report, sponsored by Teva Neuroscience and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS). Although collaboration among insurers, specialty pharmacies, and physicians is still critical, attention has now turned to the impact of oral medications, such as fingolimod (Gilenya), which hit the market last September; the predominance of coinsurance for biotech drugs; the rising costs of MS drugs; and targeting the right person with the right therapy. The cost of managing MS is disproportionate to the number of persons with the disease, raising eyebrows among stakeholders. Jeff Januska, PharmD, director of pharmacy for CenCal Health, a California Medicaid plan, says that less than 1 percent of his plan members receive prescriptions for specialty pharmacy medications, including prescriptions for MS, but they account for 20 percent of the plan's drug spend. The second edition of the Multiple Sclerosis Trend Report explores trends in managing MS, including the impact of the new oral treatment options. The report also provides insight into the viewpoints of diverse The entry of oral medications for multiple sclerosis into the marketplace and the high cost of biologic drugs are presenting new challenges for stakeholders.


The fifth edition thoroughly introduces the beginner to futures trading in a clear, concise manner. Futures expert Mark Powers combines both theory and real-world examples, making this the ideal book for practitioners who need to brush up on the essential skills or for those who just want to know what futures trading is all about. In addition to the market basics, Starting Out in Futures Trading covers: How to send an order to the floor; How to develop a trading plan with disciplined risk management techniques; Trading exercises that simulate real trading; Options and fundamental and technical analysis. Contract specifications.


Mulberries (Morus L.) show a great deal of genetic variability and adaptability to various environments. There are more than 24 species of mulberries in cultivated and wild forms. In Turkey, threeMorus species,M. alba L., M. nigra L., and M. rubra L., are grown. In this study, we attempted to characterize 43 Morus accessions originating from distinct regions of Turkey using fluorescent dye amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and capillary electrophoresis. The accessions belonged to M. alba, M. nigra, and M. rubra; M. alba consisted of white- and purple-fruited samples. Eight primer combinations generated a total of 416 bands, 337 of which were polymorphic (80.5%). Resolving powers of the AFLP primers ranged from 0.410 to 0.942 making a total of 5.015, whereas the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.662 to 0.898 with an average of 0.812. Unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering of the accessions showed three major groups representing M. nigra, M. rubra, and M. alba accessions. The M. alba group had two subgroups that were not correlated with fruit color. The UPGMA dendrogram of average taxonomic differences confirmed these results. The principle coordinate analysis demonstrated that M. nigra accessions had limited genetic variation. In conclusion, our study indicated that M. nigra andM.rubra are molecularly distinct fromM.alba. Our results also suggest thatM.nigra accessions having a low level of morphological variation are molecularly similar. Mulberry is distributed in a wide area of tropical, sub- tropical, and temperate zones in Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Africa. The trees historically have been used for sericulture especially in east, central, and south Asia. There are at least 24 species with more than 100 known cultivars (Koidzumi, 1917). Among them, only a few species of mulberry are valued for their edible fruit (M. alba, M. nigra, M. rubra, M. indica Linn., and M. laevigata L.) (Awasthi et al., 2004). Multiple fruits of the black mulberry (M. nigra) become dark red-black at maturity. The red mulberry (M. rubra), native to eastern North America, has red to black fruits. Different white mulberry (M. alba) genotypes have white, purple, or red color fruits. The mulberry fruits are sweet but they are very perishable. The fruit of M. nigra has a distinct flavor with juicy and acidic characteristics making them attractive for use in the processing industry in products such as fruit juice, ice cream, jelly, and jam. Other mulberry species are also used for making traditional foods such as ''pekmez,'' ''pestil,'' and ''kome.''


10 11 Summary 12 EGM2008 is a high-resolution global model of Earth's gravity field that allows computation 13 of quasigeoid heights and further functionals down to a resolution of 5 arc minutes. The 14 present paper assesses EGM2008 over Germany by means of quasigeoid heights from the 15 German GCG05 quasigeoid model and GPS/levelling points, and quasigeoid height


In Australia, the federal government is in charge of providing the health care to patients. The government agencies determine the list of reimbursable pharmaceuticals and medical services and also define the preferential categories of the population. The states and territories may have their own health care programs in addition to the federal ones. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) is responsible for the health technology assessment (HTA) and decides which technology is eligible for reimbursement by the federal budget. The drug evaluation process includes five stages: a review of general information about the product, assessment of its clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness analysis, assessment of financial implications of including the drug in the reimbursement list, and consideration of any other factors that may influence the committee decision. In addition to the full reimbursement of pharmaceuticals, the committee may decide to provide funding based on a managed entry agreement.


This study presents highly miniaturized slotted microstrip patch antennas-sensor working at 5.8 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Firstly, the performance of antenna is carried out with single-element, later 2-elements array antenna is employed for better performance in terms of gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The compactness in the antenna is achieved around 32% by etching two rectangular slots on the edges of rectangular patch. The size of the single-element antenna is $0.42\lambda_{g}\times 0.42\lambda_{g}\ \text{mm}^{2}$ while for $2 \times 1$ elements is $1.4\lambda_{g}\times 0.68\lambda_{g}\ \text{mm}^{2}$ at 5.8 GHz. To accomplish the conforming ability, the proposed antenna is designed on RT Duroid 5880 of thickness 0.508 mm. The results of this study demonstrate that the slotted rectangular patch antennas work excellently over the specified frequency range. The performance of proposed antenna is evaluated on breast tissues equivalent phantom in 3D electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio. The performance parameters have been evaluated in the presence and absence of tumor. The radiation efficiency of the proposed $2 \times 1$ antenna is 34% without tumor and 32.5% in presence of tumor, while peak gain of 6.9 dBi without tumor and 7 dBi with tumor. The antenna shows the SAR value of 1.1 W/kg for 10 gm mass of tissues with input power of 50 mW.


Abstract. Gradual riparian wetland drying is increasingly sensitive to
global warming and contributes to climate change. Riparian wetlands play a
significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, we
analyzed the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N2O) from riparian wetlands in the Xilin River basin to
understand the role of these ecosystems in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Moreover, the impact of the catchment hydrology and soil property variations
on GHG emissions over time and space was evaluated. Our results demonstrate
that riparian wetlands emit larger amounts of CO2 (335–2790 mgm-2h-1 in the wet season and 72–387 mgm-2h-1 in the dry season) than CH4
and N2O to the atmosphere due to high plant and soil respiration. The
results also reveal clear seasonal variations and spatial patterns along the
transects in the longitudinal direction. N2O emissions showed a
spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of CO2 emissions. Near-stream
sites were the only sources of CH4 emissions, while the other sites
served as sinks for these emissions. Soil moisture content and soil
temperature were the essential factors controlling GHG emissions, and
abundant aboveground biomass promoted the CO2, CH4, and N2O
emissions. Moreover, compared to different types of grasslands, riparian
wetlands were the potential hotspots of GHG emissions in the Inner Mongolian
region. Degradation of downstream wetlands has reduced the soil carbon pool
by approximately 60 %, decreased CO2 emissions by approximately
35 %, and converted the wetland from a CH4 and N2O source to a
sink. Our study showed that anthropogenic activities have extensively
changed the hydrological characteristics of the riparian wetlands and might
accelerate carbon loss, which could further affect GHG emissions.


Restoring aging skin by augmentation with biomaterials is a frequent therapy in dermatology and plastic surgery. Preferred materials are chemical cross-linked derivatives of hyaluronic acid (HA). Half-life time of native HA in the dermis is about 24 hours. Therefore it is necessary to stabilize HA and to protect it from biological degradation. T.C. Laurent described a method for cross-linking HA molecules by Bisepoxids. On cross-linking HA forms water insoluble gels which show an enhanced stabilitiy in biological tissues. Today more than 100 different preparations of HA based filler are available in the European market, mostly based on crosslinked HA (XLHA). They differ in source, chain length and concentration of the HA and in the mode and kind of chemical agents used for the cross-linking process. These components have a strong impact on the physical properties of the gel-formulations and are crucial for the distributuion in the dermis. From the physical point of view HA and its cross-linked derivatives are neither viscous fluids nor elastic solids and therefore can not be described by Hooke ́s or Newton ́s law. They exhibit viscoelastic properties. It is evident that there is a binary division in more rigid and less rigid gels. In consequence, prior to injection of rigid gels through narrow needles they must be crushed to pieces with an edge length about 500 microns and lubrificated with water forming a so-called biphasic gel. In contrast, the less rigid gels can pass narrow needles without further processing and are called monophasic. The distribution of monophasic and biphasic gels in the dermis is different which is demonstrated by thin-sections of dermal tissue. A review of data of safety and efficacy from clinical studies results in a comparable clinical performance of both XLHA species. 215C MANAGEMENT OF SKIN GRAFTS USING THE VACUUM-ASSISTED CLOSURE DEVICE: THE EFFECT OF VARIED PRESSURE ON SUCCESSFUL INCORPORATION Presenter: Maristella S. Evangelista, MD MBA Authors: Evangelista MS, Kim EK, Evans GR, Wirth GA University of California at Irvine


This report describes a national program to develop large slow-speed diesel engines to operate on coal/water slurry (CWS) fuel in stationary applications. There should be no difficulty in operating engines with cylinder sizes larger than about 12-inch diameter and operating at speeds below 500 rpm. The development problems will be almost entirely related to wear of injection mechanisms, sliding members such as piston rings and cylinder liners, and possibly valves and turbocharger blades. Strategies discussed for the alleviation of these problems include changes in hardware configurations, materials, lubrication, and fuel formulations. These strategies form the basis of experimental approaches to engine development which include bench-scale, reduced-scale, and full-scale testing using both special test engines and multicylinder commercial prototypes. The report describes the facilities and staffing required for the development program and provides a planning-type cost estimate for building the facility and conducting a 5-year program which would carry development to the point where a conceptual commercial engine design could be produced. It also examines various options for facility ownership and organization.


A method for gait recognition using human silhouette analysis is proposed.For each image sequence,the binary silhouettes of a walking figure are firstly obtained by background subtraction.An intensity difference algorithm over all color channels is introduced for shadow removal.The shape context descriptors are then employed in silhouette analysis for providing the shape feature.Modified Hausdorff distance gives an idea of the similarity measure between feature vectors of silhouettes.A set of key stances that occur during the walk cycle of an individual is chosen.Combined with window shift technology,distances of silhouettes between key stance sets are computed for subject classification and recognition.The proposed approach is applied to CASIA gait database and Soton database.The correct classification rates of 91.25% and 86.97% are achieved respectively,which illustrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods.Experimental results also indicate that the recognition rate maximizes when the number of sample points is 200.


This paper is focused on thermal aging and accompanied partial discharge diagnostics of two mainly used resin rich mica tapes, which are utilized as a part of insulation system of large rotating machines like turbo or hydro generators. The first tested specimen was mica composite material based on glass fibre and epoxy resin and the second one was composite based on PET and epoxy resin as well.

The specimens were tested under laboratory conditions. The materials were thermally aged and the changes of its physical and chemical properties were measured and evaluated. For accelerating the aging process different temperature values (170 – 186 °C) were chosen. The aging time was determined for each temperature value. Specimens of tested material were performed and cured as flat plate 100×100 mm. The measuring of these specimens was carrying out by test voltage at special electrode test setup. For comparing the aging process of the investigated material the trends of measured partial discharge (pd) parameters (inception voltage, extinguish voltage, peak charge level) were studied and described in dependence on exposure time, temperature and applied voltage during measurement.


A 10 Gb/s continuous-time linear adaptive equalizer IC for 10 Gigabit short-reach optical interconnects using GLOBALFOUNDRIES (GF) 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is described. The circuit consists of a continuous-time linear equalizer, an adaptation loop using spectrum balancing technique, an on-chip bandgap reference (BGR), and a low-dropout regulator (LDO). The adaptation loop is designed to minimize the inter-symbol interference (ISI) according to the variety of the characteristics of front-end devices. The BGR and LDO are designed and optimized to improve the power supply noise rejection (PSNR). The whole chip occupies an area of 900 μm × 850 μm and dissipates 106 mW from a 3.3 V power supply. The adaptive equalizer has a boosting factor up to 19 dB at 5 GHz and the PSNR is better than 35 dB over the frequency range up to 10 MHz.


In Tunisia, Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze is an exotic tree, which was introduced many years ago and planted as ornamental street, garden, and park tree. The present work reported, for the first time, the chemical composition and evaluates the allelopathic effect of the hydrodistilled essential oils of the different parts of this tree, viz., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and pods gathered in the area of Sousse, a coastal region, in the East of Tunisia. In total, 86 compounds representing 89.9 – 94.9% of the whole oil composition, were identified in these oils by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The root essential oil was clearly distinguished for its high content in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (β‐caryophyllene, 1 (44); 24.1% and germacrene D, 2 (53); 20.0%), while those obtained from pods, leaves, stems, and flowers were dominated by non‐terpene hydrocarbons. The most important ones were n‐tetradecane (41, 16.3%, pod oil), 1,7‐dimethylnaphthalene (43, 15.6%, leaf oil), and n‐octadecane (77, 13.1%, stem oil). The leaf oil was rich in the apocarotene (E)‐β‐ionone (4 (54); 33.8%), and the oil obtained from flowers was characterized by hexahydrofarnesylacetone (5 (81); 19.9%) and methyl hexadecanoate (83, 10.2%). Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses separated the five essential oils into three groups and two subgroups, each characterized by the major oil constituents. Contact tests showed that the germination of lettuce seeds was totally inhibited by the root essential oil tested at 1 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect on the shoot and root elongation varied from −1.6% to −32.4%, and from −2.5% to −64.4%, respectively.


The detection and tracking of embedded malicious subnets in an active social network can be computationally daunting due to the quantity of transactional data generated in the natural interaction of large numbers of actors comprising a network. In addition, detection of illicit behavior may be further complicated by evasive strategies designed to camouflage the activities of the covert subnet. In this work, we move beyond traditional static methods of social network analysis to develop a set of dynamic process models which encode various modes of behavior in active social networks. These models will serve as the basis for a new application of the Process Query System (PQS) to the identification and tracking of covert dynamic processes in social networks. We present a preliminary result from application of our technique in a real-world data stream— the Enron email corpus.


The problem that the hidden fault between turns of reactor can not be found in time is becoming more and more obvious. In order to find out the method capable of rapidly discovering the interturn short circuit fault, a dry-type air-core reactor turn fault model is set up in this paper. Based on the relationship between magnetic signal and electrical signal, the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of reactor is monitored and analyzed online. Firstly, the principle of turn-to-turn short circuit fault monitoring is introduced. Then, the voltage value obtained from the detection coil is compared with the threshold value, and the internal integrity of the reactor is determined according to the comparison result, so as to avoid misoperation of the protection device. The experimental data shows that the method in this paper is accurate and it has important value for solving the turn-to-turn short circuit warning problem of reactors.


STATE GOVERNMENTS have the police power to regulate health providers within their boundaries, including the power to require that certain information regarding the provider's business be provided to the state. State planning agencies have traditionally relied on data secured from hospitals and other facilities to guide projections of future needs and to shape certificate-ofneed laws. Many states have offices in the executive branch that collect data from the home health agencies in their geopolitical area. The data gleaned by this method largely are not utilized except for occasional fact sheets produced by the department responsible for the data collection. A state's responsibility for consumer protection would argue for a more proactive role by government— a role that includes identifying accurate information about this unregulated market. The state's obligation to assure the public safety through the licensing of health professionals and other care providers, including facilities, is inadequately fulfilled without


This work presents an application of genetic algorithms to assembly sequence planning. This problem is more difficult than other sequencing problems that have already been tackled with success using these techniques, such as the classic Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP) or the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP). It not only involves the arranging of tasks, as in those problems, but also the selection of them from a set of alternative operations. And/Or graphs are used as an efficient structure for the representation of all the possible assembly plans. Thus the selection process results in a search in the And/Or graph of the product. Two representations of solutions are compared in this work. The first one uses a binary chromosome that corresponds to an ordering of the enumeration of all possible assembly sequences. Conventional genetic operators are used with this representation. In the other one a chromosome represents a sequence of tasks, compatible with the ordering constraints imposed by the And/Or graph. Two families of genetic operators have been used for searching the whole solution space. The first includes operators that search for new sequences locally in a predetermined assembly plan, that of parent chromosomes. These operators are similar to those used in TSP and JSSP in the literature. The other family of operators introduces new tasks in the solution, replacing others to maintain the validity of chromosomes, and it is intended to search for sequences in other assembly plans. Key-Words: genetic algorithms, optimization, scheduling, sequencing, assembly planning, manufacturing systems, robotics IMACS/IEEE CSCC'99 Proceedings, Pages:7341-7346


While patrolling one night in 2014, police officer Jeff Packard noticed a car with a hole in one of its red taillights.1 The white light bulb inside was visible. Packard believed that Indiana law required a taillight to be red and not to show white light, so he stopped the vehicle. The driver, Kolyann Williams, had drugs with him.2 Williams was charged and convicted with misdemeanor marijuana possession.3 On appeal, Williams argued that, because Indiana law did not in fact prohibit other colors of light from being emitted so long as red light is visible from a certain distance away, the stop was unlawful.4 After examining the statute,5 the Indiana Court of Appeals agreed with Williams and held that the stop violated the Fourth Amendment.6 Shortly after the decision, the US Supreme Court announced in Heien v North Carolina7 that police do not violate the Fourth Amendment when they conduct a search or seizure premised on a mistake of law, so long as the mistake was a reasonable one.8 In light of the Supreme Court's decision, the state of Indiana


Objective A sensitive and specific serodiagnostic test that can detect past ZIKV infection is required for monitoring the current Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak. Developing serodiagnostics for ZIKV is challenging due to cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Here we analyze the patterns of homology using publicly available genomic sequencing data with the goal of helping develop better a serodiagnostic test. Methods We performed comparative genomes of ZIKV, other flaviviruses, and Chikungunya virus to obtain the proportion of shared amino acid between viruses and within-ZIKV diversity were calculated for all amino acid k-mers across the genome, with k ranging from 10 to 100. Findings We identified peptide fragments that are most divergent between ZIKV and other flaviviruses and CHIKV and conserved within-ZIKV. These peptide fragments are most likely to have both sensitivity and specificity if used for serodiagnostics. Conclusion This analysis provides a step toward the development of a serodiagnostic test that achieves the WHO target product profile for ZIKV infection and co-circulating flaviviruses.