The transition from status to contract is a large social progress and development.It is regarded as an important symbol of transition from tradition society to modern society.It deeply affects society in every aspect,such as economy,politics,thought,culture and idea.The authors try to analyze and study its representation and its influence on Chinese society.


Neoheegeria astragali sp.n. is described as the first known member of this genus to exhibit wing-dimorphism. Collected on Astragalus sp. [Fabaceae] in Iran, it is also unique among Neoheegeria species in having the tube unusually short. Neoheegeria sinaitica is recorded from Iran for the first time, and an illustrated key is provided to the five species of Neoheegeria. Wing reduction among Haplothripini is discussed briefly, and it is concluded that most species of Neoheegeria are associated with species of Astragalus.


In this paper, the problem of partially adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for towed active sonar arrays operating in a strong reverberation environment under extremely snapshot deficient conditions is considered. In particular, we propose a robust STAP technique, which incorporates a physical model for the space-time structure of the received reverberation across range, in order to form a model-based covariance matrix, used to regularize the sample covariance matrix while computing the adaptive weights. Simulation as well as real data results using a bistatic towed active sonar array are presented which demonstrate the improved detection performance obtained using our technique compared to conventional space-time processing and other partially adaptive schemes.


Macular edema represents a common final pathway of many intraocular and systemic diseases, which usually involve the retinal vessels. It typically occurs with painless impairment of visual acuity in one eye, but can also be bilateral, depending on the etiology. A macular edema is a nonspecific sign of many ocular disorders. Usually the symptoms progress slowly. Nevertheless, patients often may notice this entity suddenly – this is the case when they examine one eye separately. The appearance can differ with several subtypes existing, depending on the etiology. In this presentation the following mechanisms and problems of this non‐specific disease entity will be discussed: Unique construction of the blood‐retinal‐barrier und general possibilities of alteration. Inflammatory mediators with major focus on Angiotensin II, VEGF and Prostaglandins. Other cytokines and Chemokines as well as Matrix metalloproteinases. Sorbitol pathway and oxidation (Diabetes) – relation to inflammation. Mechanical issues (venous diseases). In addition it will be mentioned how this knowledge on pathophysiology translates into clinical praxis when we design treatment strategies for our patients.


We have improved charge character on the surface of phosphor particles by dispersed sub micro miter size sulfonate polystryrene beads and polyelectrolyte dispersant. The surface of TAG phosphor was analyzed with SIMS-TOF. Many hydrocarbon molecules were existed on the TAG phosphor. We could exchange the hydrocarbon into polyelectrolyte and sulfonated polystyrene beads. Characterization of the chemical bonging of polystyrene beads adhered on the surface of the TAG phosphor was archieved with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and FT-Raman. We could measure light efficiency of the white LED with integrating sphere spectrophotometer. Adhering sub micro miter size sulfonated polystyrene beads on the surface of TAG phosphor has enhanced extraction efficiency of light from phosphor. The sulfonated ligand and reduced difference of refractive index between phosphor and encapsulant material are responsible for the enhancement of extraction efficiency light from phosphor. Additional increase of light extraction has been observed when the phosphor particles were coated only on and near the LED chip. Surface modified phosphor particle and phosphor layer have improved LED light efficiency about ten percents.


In this paper a laboratory evaluation is described of three techniques to determine metal loss on 1-in. coupons extracted from corrugated metal pipe, a field evaluation of 30 pipes to determine the sample size (number of coupons) and sampling location necessary to characterize metal loss, and a statewide survey of steel and aluminum culverts in New York. It is concluded that a pin micrometer can be used to measure metal loss and that eight coupons extracted randomly along the "worst straight line" of a pipe will provide the accuracy needed for large-scale field surveys. Results of a field survey of 190 galvanized steel culverts and 35 aluminum culverts are presented, and implementation of these results in New York is discussed.


In this paper, we present an online adaptive model predictive control (MPC) method for the robot driver speed control problem. The control structure contains three essential components: a regularized least square method to identify a time varying state space model for the vehicle system; a Kalman Filter (KF) to identify the internal states of the model; and a model predictive controller (MPC) to generate the control input based on properly constructed optimization objective and constraints. We cast the robot driver speed tracking problem as an acceleration tracking problem which we solve as an optimization problem with time varying constraints that are dependent on vehicle speed and acceleration. Simulation results on the FTP city drive cycle shows that the proposed approach has good speed tracking capability with minimal calibration efforts. and the controller is adaptive to variation on vehicle weight without degrading control performance.


We propose a converged optical wireless access architecture using radio-over-fiber technology to deliver medical data and images independent of data bit rates, formats, and protocols. We have transported real-time, uncompressed telepathology images over 25-km fiber.


In this paper, a study on the performance of a high-pressure pump of the common rail fuel injection system is presented. The mathematical models established include: (i) the fluid model for the pump chamber and rail which takes the structural deformation and interface leakage into consideration; (ii) the nonisothermal fluid–structure interaction model for the leakage at the piston/cylinder interface; and (iii) the unified model for the physical properties of the fuel such as dynamic viscosity, density and isobaric specific heat capacity versus pressure and temperature relationships. The factors leading to the loss of the pump volumetric efficiency during the four phases of the pump working cycle are theoretically analysed. Both differential and iterative methods are applied in the numerical solution of the model. The leakage model was validated against the measured leakage rates, and showed satisfactory results. A parametric study is carried out to analyze the effects the piston diameter has on the establishment process of the chamber pressure, the piston/cylinder interface leakage and the compression stroke. Results show that the impacts of the leakage, the compression stroke and the suction loss on the volumetric efficiency loss of the pump all increase with the nominal rail pressure.


A new algorithm was designed based on combined thinking. It is shown that frequency-domain characteristics of the evaluation function are improved apparently, comparing with tradition algorithm. Analysis of the combined algorithm demonstrates that the algorithm is insensitive to small detuning errors and high-level even harmonics. The test results confirm the theoretical predictions.


Objective:To observe the varies of serum bilirubin in e ld erly patients with cerebral infarction and its clinical significance.Metho ds:Serum bilirubin and cholinesterase were measured and compared in 42 elderly patients w ith cerebral infarction (include acute period and recovery period) and 28 health y control elderly men. Results:Serum direct bilirubin and indirect bi l irubin of acute cerebral infarction patienes, were much lower than that of healt hy control elderly men (P0 01),but there was no changes with cholinestera se(P0 05).Serum direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin of recovery cereb ral i nfarction patients, were also much lower than that of healthy control men (P 0 05).Cholinesterase was not changed(P0 05).Serum direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin of acute cerebral infarction were much lower than that of re c overy cerebral infarction(P0 05).Corulusion: It is sugges t that the descended serum bilirubin may be an independent risk factor for cerebra l infarction.


Teamwork is becoming increasingly important in a large number of multiagent applications. With the growing importance of teamwork, there is now an increasing need for tools for analysis and evaluation of such teams. We are developing automated techniques for analyzing agent teams. In this paper we present ISAAC, an automated assistant that uses these techniques to perform post-hoc analysis of RoboCup teams. ISAAC requires little domain knowledge, instead using data mining and inductive learning tools to produce the analysis. ISAAC has been applied to all of the teams from RoboCup'97, RoboCup'98, and Pricai'98 in a fully automated fashion. Furthermore, ISAAC is available online for use by developers of RoboCup teams.


It is known that there are infinitely many distinguishability metrics for mixed quantum states. This freedom, in turn, leads to metric-dependent interpretations of physically meaningful geometric quantities such as complexity and volume of quantum states. In this paper, we first present an explicit and unabridged mathematical discussion on the relation between the Sjoqvist metric and the Bures metric for arbitrary nondegenerate mixed quantum states, using the notion of decompositions of density operators by means of ensembles of pure quantum states. Then, to enhance our comprehension of the difference between these two metrics from a physics standpoint, we compare the formal expressions of these two metrics for arbitrary thermal quantum states specifying quantum systems in equilibrium with a reservoir at non-zero temperature. For illustrative purposes, we show the difference between these two metrics in the case of a simple physical system characterized by a spin-qubit in an arbitrarily oriented uniform and stationary external magnetic field in thermal equilibrium with a finite-temperature bath. Finally, we compare the Bures and Sjoqvist metrics in terms of their monotonicity property.


Depopulation of metastable He(23S) by radiative association with hydrogen and lithium ions is investigated using a fully quantal approach. Rate coefficients for spontaneous and stimulated radiative association of the HeH+, HeD+, and LiHe+ molecular ions on the spin-triplet manifold are presented as functions of temperature considering the association to rotational-vibrational states of the lowest triplet electronic states a3Σ+ and b3Σ+ from the continuum states of the b3Σ+ electronic state. Evaluation of the rate coefficients is based on highly accurate quantum calculations, taking into account all possible state-to-state transitions at thermal energies (for spontaneous association) or at higher background energies (stimulated association). As expected, calculations show that the rate coefficients for radiative association to the a state are several orders of magnitude larger than the one for the b state formation. A noticeable effect by blackbody background radiation on the radiative association is only obtained for the b → b process. Aspects of the formation and abundance of the metastable HeH+(a3Σ+) in astrophysical environments are briefly discussed.


Introduction: introduction: Due to the constant evolution of technology and the easy access to information, it is prudent to pursue opportunities for new teaching-learning methodologies within the university. This study aimed to evaluate the results of the students' approval and achievement in a discipline of anatomy using active learning methodologies. Methods: anatomophysiology of Organic Systems classes from 2014, 2015, and 2016 have been analyzed to compare the final grades and the failure rate of the students after starting active learning methodologies. The students formed groups that received weekly sets of questions to be researched and discussed, according to the subjects presented in class. The weekly meetings were divided into four parts. In the first part, the groups would present for the class the assignments given to them in the previous week. In the second part, the teacher would lecture on a new subject, and then, in the third part, the students would be encouraged to pursue knowledge that is complementary to the subject discussed in this lecture, according to individual interest. Finally, new assignments were given to the groups. Results: the results showed that active learning methodologies decreased the failure rates by 15% and even increased the general averages of the students by 8%. Conclusion: the active learning methodologies approach can help in the learning process of human anatomy. However further studies and application by the teaching staff of higher education institutions are needed to validate the method.


OBJECTIVE
To find out if cimetidine has an immunomodulating effect on gastric carcinogenesis in rats.

DESIGN
Experimental prospective study.

SETTING
Teaching hospital, Norway.

ANIMALS
132 male PGV/Mol rats given gastrojejunostomies.

INTERVENTION
Half the rats were given cimetidine in their drinking water postoperatively for a minimum of 38 weeks. They were killed after 52 weeks observation and the stomach was investigated macroscopically and microscopically.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
In the cimetidine fed group 19/48 animals developed cancer (49%), versus 12/43 (28%) in the control group (p = 0.24).

CONCLUSION
Cimetidine had no immunomodulatory effect on the development of gastric cancer in rats.


Formation of non-sulfur compounds (4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 2-furfural) and sulfur compounds (2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 2-furfurylthiol) that contribute to meat flavor were investigated in Maillard complex model systems containing mixtures of sugars and amino acids. Customized fractional factorial design was used to select the composition of the systems. Volatiles were quantified by GC-MS and responses analyzed by regression analysis. Significant (p<0.05) synergetic and/or competition effects were observed between reactants. The presence of more than one sugar and/or amino acid had a clear impact on the formation of key meat volatiles as well as on the mixture's final sensory profile. Preliminary insight on the Maillard reaction mechanism in complex mixtures as they occur in real food products is given.


Radiotherapy is usually verified with portal imaging using the treatment beam. These megavoltage x-ray images suffer from poor contrast and can be improved by developing an imaging mode in the linear accelerator. The bremsstrahlung target is modified to produce enough low-energy photons for imaging. In this work the problem of optimizing the beam/detector combination to achieve optimal image quality is addressed. To optimize the system, consisting of the linac and the detector for a given phantom or patient, Monte Carlo(MC) simulations and experimental measurements were carried out to investigate the parameters involved. A simple model of the system was generated for investigation of the effect of the target parameters on the quality of the image. The best targets were installed in a medical accelerator. To investigate the detector parameters in order to build the most suitable detector for imaging, the linac/phantom/detector system was simulated with MC.Contrast calculated from images predicted from the models gave a measure of the suitability of these detectors for imaging with the new beams. Experiments were carried out to verify the MC results. The optimized "imaging" beam was commissioned for clinical use and tested in a clinical trial to compare the new portal images with conventional ones. Camera based electronic portal imaging was also tested with the "imaging" beam and used for megavoltage CT acquisition. The optimal system of target (Al, 6 mm) and detector (34 mg/cm 2 Gd 2 O 2 S screen for film imaging and 200 mg/cm 2 for the camera based EPID) produced high quality images with less dose than conventional systems.


Operating cables will inevitably undergo insulation aging due to the influence of electric field, magnetic field, heat, light, moisture and other factors, and the insulation performance will be significantly reduced. Statistics show that cable joint failure is one of the important causes of cable failure. The multi-physical field coupling model adopts a variety of physical field interfaces such as electric and acoustic coupling to simulate the discharge waveforms and waveform propagation forms generated by cable joint defects. Firstly, the relationship between voltage and insulation fault is established, and the cable insulation fault is diagnosed by the electric field characteristics. In addition, the electric field characteristics are used to reflect the location of charge agglomeration area, and then the discharge signal at this location is detected to diagnose the deterioration degree of insulation materials.


As a first verification of the surmized duality of saury pike stock in Japanese waters, a few results of granographical rearrangement of existing data are presented in the following respects: 1. From HATANAKA's1) data a conclusion was drawn that saury pike forms two scale rings every year, in February and in September each. 2. By estimating the body-length to be reached at the time of scale-ring formation from those measured for saury pike caught in a best season, May (from the Japan Sea), and in October (from the Pacific), respectively, and putting down these two kinds of values for body-length together in a graph constructed with existing data of monthly body-length of saury pike7), a conclusion was arrived at that two different sequences of growth-curves should be assigned to the catches from the Japan Sea and those from the Pacific, respectively (Fig. 4). The duality in stock indicated by this conclusion may be supported by the granographical suggestion of two groups of saury pike, one hatched in a season extending from late spring to summer and the other from late autumn to winter. 3. The duality of saury pike stock were also pointed to about the grains on scale reported by HOTTA2), those on otolith, monthly change of the relationship between body-length and body-weight and the local and seasonal variations in distribution for egg and fry.


This work aims to develop the performance and decrease the waste. It uses analytical tool (Root Cause - Analysis) which identify the barriers to know the root causes of it. Lean manufacturing, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), 5S, and Lean Six-Sigma (LSS) represent as the techniques which using to develop performance, and decrease lead time, and waste. The methodology of this work depends on the integration among lean manufacturing, TPM, 5S, and LSS. Successful implementations of techniques start with training of all members to increase the opportunities for development. Indicators of successful implementation rely on production leveling before and after applying of new concepts. A key element of production leveling is the manpower responsible that placing orders to avoid undisciplined behavior, so it's easy to allocate the necessary manpower and machine. The results indicate the impact of techniques on elements (resources) in working areas (Manpower, Machine, Method, Raw material, and environmental condition).


Observations show that very short-lived substances (VSLS), with lifetimes generally <6 months, are an important source of stratospheric halogens. Bromine-containing VSLS are produced naturally by seaweed and phytoplankton, whereas chlorine-containing VSLS are primarily anthropogenic. We have used the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT chemical transport model to quantify the depletion of ozone in the lower stratosphere from VSLS, and a radiative transfer model to quantify the radiative effects of that ozone depletion.


strain5AisolatedfromanAs-enrichedTypicCalciaquollsoilcollectedfromanirrigatedpas-ture in the Madison River Valley, MT (9). Complex regulation ofarsenite oxidation, including As(III)-sensing, three-component sig-nal transduction, and quorum sensing are involved (7, 8). Prior tothis genome report, only a single


In order to study the feasibility of using konjac powder for preparation of konjac kombucha,the gene cel9 C coding β- glucanase of Clostridium josui was cloned into the expression vector p ESP- 2- 2 and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into Schizosaccharomyces pombe,to obtain the engineered yeast strain y AS56,and the engineered yeast was used in konjac kombucha fermentation. Using total acid as the response value,the fractional factorial design and central composite design were applied to optimize the fermentation conditions. Two significant factors,loading volume and time,were selected among seven factors. The optimal conditions of fermentation were as following:green tea 0.4%,sucrose 7.5%,konjac powder 0.25%,inoculum size 10%,ratio of cells concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae / engineered yeast 0.5,loading volume 98.7 m L,time 124 h. The results of confirmation test with optimal parameters showed that the production of total acid was(27.88±0.26) g/kg,close to the predictive value,being increased by 41.45% compared with the un-optimized conditions. This indicated that using konjac powder and engineered yeast strain for preparation of konjac kombucha was feasible.


The assignment of colour images to data obtained during remote-sensing investigations has enabled the human observer to make easier and alternative diagnostic interpretations that may not be apparent in grey-scale representation. 'False colour' has been used to display infrared and other nonoptical imagery to advantage, and similar ideas can be applied to the representation of microwave fields


A transimpedance amplifier (TIA) is designed based on the first order wave equation. The feedback resistance is set as the objective function for transimpedance. The main feedback amplifier provides transimpedance and a wide band compensation amplifier determines the characteristics of overall TIA. The stability of the TIA is not affected due to the open loop nature of compensation. Simulation results show that the TIA achieves a 58 dB gain and 1.32 GHz bandwidth in a 0.25 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process.


As the heat cools and the dust settles following the decision of the UK to vote for 'Brexit' the role of the Commonwealth is attracting new interest—both from the British perspective and from that of the Commonwealth network of member states themselves. A question one hears asked is whether the Commonwealth of 53 nations, with its growing markets and trans-continental spread, could in any way be for the UK a substitute for European Union (EU) single market membership. A further question is how EU withdrawal by the UK affects all other Commonwealth countries, bearing in mind the strong pre-referendum message from many Commonwealth leaders that the UK should remain, not leave. In some senses even to pose the first question—comparing the modern Commonwealth network with the European market—is to confuse apples and oranges on a grand scale. The two bodies, Commonwealth and European Union, are of course totally different—in character, origin, structure and relevance to the UK economy. While the EU is a mixture of supranational tendencies and intergovernmental cooperation, today's Commonwealth draws its strength from the extraordinary connectivity at countless non-governmental levels, which a common working language, common legal procedures, common accounting and commercial practices, and common cultural links allow and reinforce. There is also the point that when it comes to intra-Commonwealth investment flows, which usually now precede or are associated with trade expansion, there is clear evidence of a 'premium' in terms of lower costs and fewer delays than with non-Commonwealth countries. The outcome, according to detailed studies by the Commonwealth Secretariat, is that Commonwealth trade and investment flows of all kinds are now growing noticeably faster than overall world trends, and now account for some 15% of total world exports. Of course UK exports to Commonwealth countries of goods and services are rising from a low point, now about 10%, compared with 50% half a century ago. But the upward direction of travel is clear. Whatever relationship the UK ends up agreeing with the EU single market the time for a sharply increased focus on both Commonwealth and adjacent markets is clearly now ripe, and crucial for the UK's continuing prosperity.


Extreme climate change greatly affects the metabolism of laying hens due to their intolerance to high environmental temperatures. Hence, to improve the metabolism, the feed quality also needs to be improved. This study aims to determine the blood lipid profile of laying hens consuming a diet rich in citric acid and beta-carotene (β-carotene). During the study, 200 laying hens of the Lohmann strain aged 35 weeks and a ration with a crude protein content of 18.39% and metabolic energy of 2960 Kcal/kg were used. The treatment was fortification with various levels of β-carotene sources in the diet and 0.2% citric acid, namely T0 (without fortification of β-carotene sources and citric acid), T1 (0.1% fortification of β-carotene sources + 0.2% citric acid), T2 ( 0.15% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid), and T3 (0.2% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and further testing by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Furthermore, the observed variables were blood cholesterol content and HDL, as well as triglycerides. The results showed that the fortification of citric acid and β-carotene significantly affected blood cholesterol levels but had no significant effect on the concentration of HDL and triglycerides. Considering these results, it was concluded that fortification of citric acid and β-carotene sources in the ratio of laying hens decreased the amount of fat in the blood.


In this paper we estimate the impact of temporary employment subsidies for young long-)term unemployed workers in Belgium on the transition rate from employment to non-employment. We account for selective participation on the basis of a multivariate duration model with correlated unobserved heterogeneity. Our estimates indicate that the policy decreases the transition rate from employment to non-employment in the first year of participation. There is no signification effect on the transition rates in the second year and after participation.


Casuals now comprise about half of the academic workforce in Australia's universities. For most of them it is precarious work at its worst.


Infectious swine diseases have the potential to decimate the health and productivity of swine farms. One of the most economically concerning diseases is caused by the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) virus. While swine producers can implement vaccines, medications, or antibiotics and antiviral drugs, many infectious pathogens such as the PRRS virus have shown these strategies to be ineffective. One complimentary strategy would be to select pigs for increased disease resistance or resilience, where disease resilience is defined as an animal's ability to maintain performance when infected. However, the elite populations that are used for genetic improvement are typically kept in high health conditions, making it difficult and impractical for swine breeders to use phenotypic selection in an environment with exposure to disease to select for increased disease resilience. Previous research has shown that host response to PRRS virus infection has a sizable genetic component and revealed a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) for host response to PRRS virus infection on Sus Scrofa Chromosome (SSC) 4. A putative causative mutation in the GBP5 gene was identified for this QTL. This mutation was determined to be in complete linkage disequilibrium with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) WUR10000125 (WUR) that was included on commercial SNP panels. However, this was based on data from one genetic source. The overall objective of this thesis was to determine if the WUR SNP and phenotypes obtained from in-vitro mitogen stimulation assays (MSA) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young healthy nursery pigs can be used as genetic indicators to select for disease resilience. The two requirements for a genetic indicator are that it must be heritable and have a sizeable genetic correlation with the trait of interest, in this case, disease resilience. Data from experimental PRRS virus infection trials from the PRRS Host Genetics Consortium (PHGC) and


The key technology of reversing engineering is present in this paper.Based on reversing engineering,it is mainly introducing physical prototype mold design,partial innovation design of mould product,and process and application of mould testing and repairing.


Colloidal quantum dots light emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted much interest owing to their potential with the low-cost inkjet printing large-size full-color pixelated display. To date, QLEDs with long lifetime and high efficiency by spin-coating with poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl2,7-diyl)-alt-(4,4'-(N-(4-butylphenyl) (TFB) as hole transport layer (HTL) and ZnMgO as ETL have been reported. [1] However, it is challenging to fabricate high efficiency QLED by inkjet-printing with TFB because absent of suitable orthogonal solvent for ink to form high quality QD film, which should avoid coffee ring or pinhole pattern without blocking nozzle. The hole injection from HTL to QDs is very difficult because the VB of CdSe-ZnS QDs is 6.5eV and the HOMO of TFB is only 5.4 eV, which is harmful to driving voltage and lifetime of QLEDs. On the other hand, considering the degree of polymerization var ies between batches of polymer molecules, which result in different QLED performance, TFB is not fit for make display in industry. Therefore, the ideal HTM should have exact molecular structure, cross-linkable and excellent solvent resistance, high hole carrier mobility and deep HOMO levels benefit to hole injection from HTL to QDs. [2]


Forests play an important role in the global carbon cycle. They form a very large and dynamic global carbon stock and also act as a sink. Deforestation and forest degradation results in the loss of the forest biomass/carbon amplifying the negative effects of climate change. Large uncertainty has been reported in estimating the rates of carbon emission in climate change scenarios due to the difficulty in spatially explicit estimation of the carbon stocks and dynamic changes. Several methods have been developed for estimating the carbon stock/above ground biomass (AGB) by using remote sensing data employing optical remote sensing and radar techniques. However, these applications have shown limited success majorly due to signal saturation at high biomass forests. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived vertical forest structure has demonstrated its potential in overcoming the signal saturation problem and in improving the accuracy of AGB estimation. Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) -Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) launched in January 2003 is the first space borne full waveform LiDAR sensor. The LiDAR waveform is used to estimate the forest canopy height using waveform derived parameters extracted using signal decomposition techniques. In the present study, we estimated average tree canopy heights and AGB from GLAS waveform parameters by using a multi-regression linear model across different forest types in Madhya Pradesh, India. The ICESat-GLAS derived heights were correlated with field measured tree canopy heights for 60 plots. Results have shown a significant correlation of R2= 74% for top canopy heights and R2=57% for stand biomass.


A total of 18 pesticides (12 organochlorines, and 6 pyrethroids) in 32 different imported animal liver samples collected from local markets in Cairo governorate in Egypt in different seasons, were detect the contamination of organochlorines and pyrethroids pesticides using Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method. The presence of organochlorines and pyrethroids pesticides residues were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results indicated that, the pesticides residues were found in all samples and 2 samples above the maximum residue levels (MRLs). Organochlorine residues had the highest percentage of contamination and violation (i.e. 100 and 6.25%, respectively) in imported animal liver samples, whereas synthetic pyrethroid residues had the lowest percentage of contamination (i.e. 6.25%) while their percentage of violation were 0%. However, the most frequently found pesticides were P,P'-DDE and heptachlor-epoxide while the lowest frequently found pesticides were aldrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Furthermore, the health risk index for heptachlor-epoxide was the greatest which may be due to its physiochemical properties. A potential regular pesticides residues monitoring program in imported animal liver should be conducted to protect the consumers' health.


The present study was carried out on the hospitalised geriatric general medical patients. The assessment of the patients was carried out within 24 hours of admission and on every fourth day thereafter using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), Delirium Symptom Interview (DSI) and ICD-10-Diagnostic Criteria of Research for delirium. An overall rate of delirium of 27% was found in the 100 patients who constituted the sample. 19% was the rate of 'prevalent' delirium and 8% was the rate of 'incident' delirium. It is observed that the CAM is a useful screening method with high sensitivity for diagnosis of delirium at the bedside.


Provided by the utility model is an identification test system for a parameter of a photovoltaic inverter. One end of a testing device (3) of a direct-current input side of an inverter (8) of the system is connected with a direct-current power supply (2); a testing device of an alternating-current output side at the other side is successively connected with a switch (6) and a power grid simulation device (7); and the inverter (8) is connected in parallel with a data acquisition apparatus (5). According to the utility model, the system can supply accurate parameters of a photovoltaic inverter for power grid analyzing, thereby improving the operation reliability and operation economy. The existing testing detection platform of the photovoltaic power generation system is utilized to obtain a result of parameter identification of a photovoltaic inverter model; and influences on the parameters by the solar irradiance, the environment temperature, the power grid side voltage disturbance, and the frequency disturbance and the like are timely reflected.


Bleomycin‐mediated inflammatory pathway is known to play an important role in the up regulation of oxidative stress. IL‐17A is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine involved in the modulation of fibrosis. The complex underlying mechanism for the said phenomenon remains unclear. This newly defined investigation was designed to understand the changes associated with 1L‐17A mediated up‐regulation of p53 and PAI‐1 expression and the role of curcumin in attenuating this process. A549 cells were treated with bleomycin (BLM) and IL‐17A to induce the inflammatory response in vitro. Curcumin, a known anti‐inflammatory bioactive compound was administered as an intervention. Cytotoxicity in the treatment groups was assessed using Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell migration was evaluated using scratch assay. Protein expressions were studied using Western blot analysis for the downstream effector molecules of IL‐17A mediated inflammatory pathways. In MTT assay, BLM treatment showed cytotoxicty upto 88% at a concentration of 1000 μM after 48 h of treatment. Cell migration assay results revealed that curcumin blocked the migration of cells to the area of the scratch. BLM treatment to the cells significantly induced the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐17A, which in turn modulated p53‐PAI‐1 expression. Bioactive compound curcumin showed anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic activity. Curcumin also regulated the BLM and IL‐17A mediated changes in p53–PAI‐1 expression. Curcumin has the ability to regulate inflammatory cytokines during BLM‐induced injury and their effect on p53‐PAI‐1 expression. It can be used as a potential anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrinolytic component for intervening the epithelial cell damage.Very little information is provided till date on the inflammatory mechanism controlling the fibrinolytic system in acute lung injury (ALI). Damage to alveolar epithelial cells during ALI is important in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Most forms of ALI are characterized by defective alveolar fibrinolysis, inflammation, and fibrotic lesions. Recent reports show that alveolar epithelial cells express uPA, uPAR, and p53‐mediated changes inhibit epithelial cell viability contributing to ALI. Thus, the roles of pulmonary epithelial cells in the inflammatory cascades activated after noninfectious injury, and the key signaling mediators of this process were actively investigated in this study. This investigation revealed that curcumin is an effective inhibitor of BLM‐induced inflammation, apoptosis, and migration of basal alveolar epithelial cells. These results throw an insight into the possibility of developing curcumin as a novel therapeutic for ALI.


From a Systemic Functional perspective, this paper made a comparison of the ideational, interpersonal and textual functions of two translated versions of Li Bai's "Changgan Xing". Adopting Halliday's systemic functional linguistics (SFL), this article first gave a clear description of the metafunctions depicted in the three different versions, and then analyzed the deviations in the translation versions from the source text, as well as the differences between the two translated versions. This study attempted to figure out the underlying causes from the perspective of contextual cues. A further qualitative analysis was done through detailed examinations of metafunctions presented in these texts. Results showed that in both of the translated versions, the verb process was more active, logical relations were more of Clause Simplex, Subject, Modality and Finite were applied more frequently, and additionally its Theme type was multiply various. In general, based on the well-formed descriptions and comparisons, it is argued that the translation by Arthur Waley is more loyal to the source text poem but without emotion well transferred, and without clearly showing the special wife-and-husband status in Chinese culture; on the contrary, the one by Pound is better performed in the translations of emotion and culture, though with more errors occurring. Contextual analysis of causes of their deviations reflects the specific time when Pound and Waley created their translations, as well as their understandings of Chinese culture.


Aim The relation between the ρ coefficient in superposition model and the g factor of ground state has been investigated.Methods The spin-Hamiltonian theory and the complete diagonalization method are adopted in the calculations.Results The relationship between the ρ coefficient in superposition model and the g factors of ground state has been calculated by: YAG:Cr3+ crystal as example.Conclusion The value of ρ coefficient is almost not influenced by the calculation of g factors of ground state,g∥and g⊥,but exerts a powerful effect on Δg.


ABSTRACT
The storage stability of "Akara-akpu" (a deep-fried product from sweet cassava), supplemented with soyabean and melon flour during ambient storage (29 ± 1C), was investigated. "Akara-akpu" balls were produced and packaged in polyethylene bags (0.2 mm thick) and stored at 29 ± 1C for 2 months. Sensory properties, microbial load and chemical composition of "Akara-akpu" were analyzed on a weekly basis. Results indicated that storage increased thiobarbituric acid value, free fatty acid value, peroxide value, moisture content and microbial load of "Akara-akpu." Oiling off values and sensory scores decreased during "Akara-akpu" storage. "Akara-akpu" and its blends were safely stored for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, when packaged in polyethylene bags at ambient conditions.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Supplementing cassava mash/flour with soybean or melon flour for "Akara-akpu" production resulted in products with good physicochemical and sensory properties during storage. The fried cassava balls developed in this work provide an opportunity for an innovative, nutritious and safe product to be introduced to consumers. Also, it will diversify the use of these oil seeds and cassava.


In the background of large-scale expansion of colleges and universities and the realization of mass higher education,adult education in colleges and universities can not be optimistic,so it needs a new position.Returning to the original meaning of adult education,reforming the existing system,establishing a life-long education system,and combining with the market demand are good ways to restore its vigor and vitality.


This study was conducted to examine the effect of socioeconomic variable on the asset, debt, and income of the inland fishers during August 2014 to May 2015. A total of 140 respondents were selected and data was collected by adapting adopting two-stage random sampling. The data was analyzed by using percent and ratio analysis. A significant variation has been observed among the socio-economic variables such as the age, fishing experiences, type of house and total asset (P>0.05). The young age respondents had a higher income than that those of the middle and old age respondents and they also had higher debt and assets too. The lowest wealth ratio was ₹ 161475 in Periyakulam and the highest ₹307225 in Vaigai. A better mean debt to asset ratio was recorded in Kullapuram of 12.99% than other cooperative society fishers. Finally, this study suggests that, to report the status of folks we need to account the income after deduction of debt.


This study of chloramphenicol residues in milk and dairy UPLC-MS-MS determination of the method.The method uses electrospray ionization,multiple reaction monitoring in negative ion mode of chloramphenicol residues in qualitative and quantitative.The detection limit of the method milk 0.05 μg/kg,powder as 0.1 μg/kg,0.4~30.0 μg/L within the linear range of the regression equation was y=798.97+1874.56x,r=0.9993,the recovery rate 74.5% to 95.7%,relative standard deviation of 4.6% to 10.3%.The method is simple and convenient sample handling,high sensitivity,short analysis time,etc.,to meet the milk and dairy products-Determination of chloramphenicol residues.


Toxic Comment Classification is a classification problem that needs to be addressed these days. People can expresstheir thoughts on the internet via social media platforms. Hence itis important to set up some guidelines, which address the kind of information that is allowed to be posted. Hence The study of comments and their classification is necessary. The main aim of the following project is to understand whether the followingcomment falls under the toxic or nontoxic category by using multiple machine learning techniques. The following study uses 6 different traits, with the help of □ vectorization a dictionary will be created out of known vocabulary(Dataset) to train the ML model. Since Multiple Traits are presentthe ML model has to get trained multiple times against each trait.This helps us to identify, which algorithm performs best in identifying multiple types of toxicities. It was identified that the Random Forest algorithm performed well against all types of traitswhich gave us a good accuracy of 85% with a precision of 91%. During the preliminary research, it was concluded that most of theresearch which was revolving around the topic was limited to Demographic/local Languages. We tried identifying a classifier for the English language.


This introduction takes a closer look at the six contributions in this special issue, i.e., contributions from Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Scotland. We make use of these six articles as empirical material to examine what we refer to as external, internal and invisible pressures on pedagogy. The introduction thus conducts a meta-discussion, or a discussion of the discussions that take place in the six articles. A consistent finding that emerges in the special issue is that pedagogy in the six countries is exposed to different kinds of pressure, which, we argue, will lead to unfortunate consequences. Finally, we discuss how it may be possible to resist the pressure on pedagogy and at the same time strengthen pedagogy as a subject and an academic discipline.


Most natural compounds are composed of diverse isotopologues that differ in the number and/or symmetrically unique atomic locations of isotopic substitutions. Little of this isotopic diversity is observed by conventional methods of stable isotope geochemistry, which generally measure concentrations of rare isotopes without constraining differences in isotopic composition between different atomic sites or nonrandom probabilities of multiple isotopic substitutions in the same molecule. Recent advances in analytical instrumentation and methodology have created a set of geochemical tools—geothermometers, biosynthetic signatures, forensic fingerprints—based on these position-specific isotope effects and multiply substituted isotopologues. This progress suggests we are entering a period in which many new geochemical tools of this type will be created. This review describes the principles, background, analytical methods, existing applied tools, and likely future progress of this emerging field.


The temperature of the laser sustained plasma has been determined from the continuum emission coefficient at different wavelengths. The experiments were performed in an argon plasma at the pressure of 10 atm. The spurious continuum resulting from merging of spectral lines was investigated numerically. Its influence on the measured emission coefficient in the red region has been found to be considerable.


The cooperation project on "Hamburgs dynamical geological underground" (HADU) intends an integrative view on recent geological subsurface processes in the region of the City of Hamburg. Measurement data resulting from geological georadar methods, geophysical ambient vibrations techniques, and conventional well databases shall be combined to a 3D-underground model. From the geological point of view, such a model will help to understand the georisks caused by the dynamics of the salt diapirs in the underground. From a mathematical point of view, the building of the 3D-underground model can be specified as a general task that consists in combining different data sources that provide incomplete, uncertain, and multi-scale 3D-data to form a comprehensive model and a problem oriented visualization of the region of interest. This paper offers a formal specification of the problem that firstly helps to manage the interdependencies between the data, secondly gives entry points for integration of methods to complete incomplete data and to deal with uncertain data, and thirdly integrates a ratio for the quality and reliability of the value displayed. 1. The Problem Description In the context of the HADU-project on Hamburgs Dynamical Underground, different approaches are made to get information on recent geodynamical processes in the urban region of Hamburg. Of geological interest are especially the effects of the salt diapirs in the underground of the city on surface phenomena like collapse-earthquakes. For further information see [Reuther et al., 2005]. Of mathematical interest, however, is the task to generate a comprehensive 3D-underground model that integrates the different data sources corresponding to the following measurement methods: a) geological georadar techniques b) geophysical ambient vibrations techniques c) well data d) conventional surface information in form of GIS layers The problem is well known from many other environmental measurements [Gnauck, 2005]: There are great differences in the quality of the data measured, for certain points in space there are no data available at all, in other segments of the 3D-space, however, data from different measurements is available and has to be assessed to gain a single result value for the corresponding points in space. In this situation, the general task splits into two subtasks: Firstly, the visualization task to elaborate the 3D-model of the soil layers from incomplete and uncertain data at all, and secondly the task how to integrate fuzzy-defined knowledge and data quality into the visualization task to illustrate the confidence level the method assigns to the values visualized. 1 University of Hamburg, MIN Faculty, Dept. Informatik, Arbeitsbereich Technische Informatiksysteme, Vogt-Kölln-Straße 30, 22527 Hamburg, Germany; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com EnviroInfo 2007 (Warschau) Environmental Informatics and Systems Research Copyright © Shaker Verlag, Aachen 2007. ISBN: 978-3-8322-6397-3


Through the courtesy of Dr. G. A. K. Marshall I have had the opportunity of examining specimens of a beetle belonging to the subfamily Hispinae of the Chrysomelidae , which is reported to be injurious to oil palms ( Elaeis guineensis , Jacq.) in the Gold Coast. Concerning this insect Mr. W. H. Patterson, Government Entomologist in the Gold Coast, writers as follows:—"The beetle has suddenly become a pest, being reported as having destroyed all the expanded foliage of many thousands oil palms in one district. A similar epidemic occurred in 1909, but entirely disappeared during the following rainy season, since which time the beetle has been very rare". From this it would appear that the extent of damage is considerable when the insect becomes numerous. Although Mr. Patterson does not indicate the nature of the damage there is no doubt that the larvae mine into the young shoots and the adults defoliate the young leaves. In a recent work (Hispinae and Cassidinae, Fauna of Brit. Ind., London 1919, pp. 10–18) I have reviewed all the Hispid pests of plants useful to man. Only two African Hispids have hitherto been noted as harmful, and these attack maize in East Africa.


Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in patients with end-stage renal disease or severe chronic kidney disease as it improves the quality of life and has better survival advantages compared to dialysis. Various factors merit consideration to match the donor kidney with the recipient, as the donor kidney act as an alloantigen. In general, when transplanting tissue or cells from a genetically different donor to the graft recipient, the alloantigen of the donor induces an immune response in the recipient against the graft. This response can destroy the graft if not controlled. The whole process is called allograft rejection.Allograft rejection is inflammation with specific pathologic changes in the allograft, due to the recipient's immune system recognizing the non-self antigen in the allograft, with or without dysfunction of the allograft.Both innate and adaptive immune systems play a significant role in rejection, But the T lymphocytes are the principal cells that recognize the allograft. There are other costimulatory molecules, and cytokines also play a major role in this reaction. Depending on the histopathology and immunological characteristics, the renal transplant rejections can be classified broadly under the following categories :1) Hyperacute rejection: Happens minutes after transplant, and it is related to the preformed antibody or ABO incompatibility; this is rarely seen now due to the very sensitive cross-match tests performed before the transplant.2) Acute rejection: This can happen any time after transplant, usually within days to weeks after transplant. It classifies into the following:A) Antibody-mediated rejection- ABMR: which usually demonstrates evidence of circulating donor-specific alloantibodies and immunological evidence of antibody-mediated injuries to the kidney. Like inflammation of glomeruli (Glomerulitis) or peritubular capillary (peritubular capillaritis).B) Acute T-cell mediated rejection- TCMR: which characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the tubules, interstitium, and sometimes the arterial intima. 3) Chronic rejection: It usually develops more than three months post-transplant. It can either be chronic antibody-mediated rejection or chronic T cells mediated rejection. 4) A mixture of acute rejection superimposed on chronic rejection.


Christian thinkers have not yet come to an agreed understanding of the "secular age". For some, the corrosive nature of modernity has largely dissolved men's faith in higher values. According to others, secularization - responsible for Christianity's cultural and social weakening - promoted the purification and necessary up-dating of its message among those who still remain faithful. In both cases, the modem age seems to be an inhospitable time for religious believing. Charles Taylor wrote A Secular Age to confront this stereotype. Typical values of the modern moral framework such as autonomy and authenticity are absolutely consistent with Christianity if this latter is able to offer itself as over-abundant answer for that neverending quest for life's fullness which unites generations despite their historical differences.


Introduction and aim In 2004, ovine footrot, which is caused by D. nodosus, was diagnosed in Sweden for the first time. The disease has received considerable attention since then and especially after an outbreak in Norway in 20081. There is limited knowledge of how footrot manifests itself in Sweden and what strains that are present. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of D.nodosus, F. necrophorum and Treponema spp. in sheep with different clinical manifestations of footrot. A second aim was to characterize Swedish D. nodosusisolates with respect to virulence (aprV2/B2) and serogroup (fimA).


Thin films of Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9‐δ (CGO) are deposited by flame spray deposition with a deposition rate of about 30 nm min−1. The films (deposited at 200 °C) are dense, smooth, and particle‐free and show a biphasic amorphous/nanocrystalline microstructure. Isothermal grain growth and microstrain are determined as a function of dwell time and temperature and correlated to the electrical conductivity. CGO films annealed for 10 h at 600 °C present the best electrical conductivity of 0.46 S m−1 measured at 550 °C. Reasons for the superior performance of films annealed at low temperature over higher‐temperature‐treated samples are discussed and include grain‐size evolution, microstrain relaxation, and chemical decomposition. Nanoindentation measurements are conducted on the CGO thin films as a function of annealing temperature to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the films for potential application as free‐standing electrolyte membranes in low‐temperature micro‐SOFCs (solid oxide fuel cells).


To explore the effects of sperm treatments (fresh ejaculated and frozen-thawed sperms,and their sperms with tail cut by ultrasonic) and supplementation of insulin in embryo culture medium on porcine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) early embryo development in vitro.The results showed as follows:(1) No significant differences (P0.05) in the rates of cleavage and blastocysts was found between fresh ejaculated and frozen-thawed sperm groups and between sperms with tail cut and not cut groups.(2) A higher blastocyst rate was obtained when ICSI embryos were cultured in medium supplemented with 5 mg/L insulin compared to that of the control (P0.05).


Introduction

Various probiotics and immunostimulants have been shown to enhance the immune response and alter the disease resistance of aquaculture organisms. The bacterial energy storage compound poly-s-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) for example improves resistance against pathogenic infections in shrimp (Laranja et al., 2014) and exhibits a controlling effect on the gut microbiota of juvenile sea bass which may result in the stimulation of immune functions (De Schryver et al., 2011). These properties might be of special importance for culturing early life stages since their immune system is not yet fully developed. Therefore, we assessed the potential immunostimulating effect of PHB in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae in our study.

Materials and methods

We used rotifers as live carriers to feed PHB-accumulating bacteria (Alcaligenes eutrophus) to first-feeding larvae over a period of 14 days. Bacteria with a low (2.5%) and a high (75%) PHB content were used, respectively. Apart from the dose effect, we wanted to determine to which extend the point in time of the PHB administration matters. Therefore, PHB was added (in some experimental groups) directly to the water from the moment of mouth opening onwards. This led to the following experimental groups: 1) early and 2) later stimulation with a low PHB level, 3) early and 4) later stimulation with a high PHB level and 5) a control without any PHB.

To estimate the immediate impact of PHB, larval mortality rates were monitored daily over the course of the experiment. Furthermore, larvae were sampled the first time after being fed for 3 days with PHB encapsulated in rotifers (and 5 days of PHB water treatment) and the second time after 14 days PHB via rotifers (and 16 days of PHB water treatment), respectively.

Results and discussion

Larval mortality rates were found to be the highest in the control group. During both sampling points larvae were slightly smaller and weighed less in the control group. The analysis of the gene expression profiles revealed that only certain immune genes such as cytokines (Interleukin-1s, Interleukin 8 and TNFα) were affected by the PHB treatment. The data indicate that the application of PHB can provide a beneficial effect to sea bass larviculture in terms of higher survival rates. But further studies are required to verify the impact on the developing immune system of the larvae.


Proposition of a MC-CDMA Radiocommunication benchmark for evaluation of cores mapping onto NoC architectures. Illustration with CEA-LETI FAUST NoC in the context of 4-more European project.


This article examines the global distribution of wealth within the capitalist world-economy over the longue duree . In stark contrast to the convergence of wealth predicted by modernization theory, the relatively stable bimodal (core-periphery) structure predicted by dependency theory, and the relatively stable trimodal (core-semiperiphery-periphery) structure, this article finds that the structure of the distribution of wealth in the world economy has transformed with each successive world hegemonic cycle. By adopting a longue duree perspective and a new statistical approach, I develop Arrighi and Drangel9s (1986) method of conceptualizing, operationalizing, and measuring the global distribution of wealth within the capitalist world-economy. Through an examination of the period from 1500 to 2008, this article shows that the global distribution of wealth within the capitalist world-economy has transformed from a unimodal distribution during the period of Dutch hegemony to a bimodal distribution during the period of British hegemony, then to a trimodal distribution during the period of US hegemony, and now to a quadrimodal distribution in the early twenty-first century. While the global wealth hierarchy remained stable during periods of world hegemonies, it was transformed during periods of systemic crisis and hegemonic transition, thereby creating new forms of hierarchies.


The utility model discloses a round pipe extrusion die, which comprises an upper template, a lower template, a core shaft, an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate. The core shaft is provided with a shaft shoulder and is clamped between an upper formation plate and a lower formation plate. The upper parts of the templates are connected with the lower pressing plate in a propping way, a round pipe is fixed by the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, a spring is clamped between the upper template and the upper pressing plate in a propping way, an oblique wedge is arranged between the upper template and the lower template, is simultaneously connected with the two formation plates and the core shaft and comprises a drive block and a side slide block, the drive block is connected with the upper template, the right lower corner of the drive block is provided with an inclined surface, the side slide block is trapezoidal, the inclined surface of the side slide block is connected with the inclined surface of the drive block in a propping way, the lower bottom surface of the side slide block is connected with the lower template in a propping way, the right side face of the side slide block is fixedly connected with the two formation plates and the core shaft, and a spring is clamped between the right side face of the side slide block and the lower formation plate in a propping way. The utility model has the technical effects that the round pipe with convex hulls is processed through the die, and thus the cost is reduced significantly.


We report two cases of cheilitis granulomatosa. A 38-year-old female and a 45-year-old male presented with swelling of the lower lip. Neither case included the three symptoms of Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome, which is characterized by swelling of lip, facial paralysis and plicated tongue. Both patients were treated successfully with oxatomide. Sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, angioedema had to be considered in the differential diagnosis.


Right ventricular (RV) function is known to predict survival in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, increasing right ventricular volumes (RVEDVI, RV end diastolic volume and RVESVI, RV end systolic volume index) and falling ejection fraction (RVEF) whilst on treatment have been shown to determine poorer outcome.1 Measurement of RV function by cardiac MRI (CMR) is not widely available and often poorly tolerated in very breathless patients. Monitoring of PH patients traditionally focuses on serial 6 min walk testing (6MWD) and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), a biomarker that has been shown to reflect RV function and structure.2 We hypothesised that ∆NTproBNP is a superior non invasive marker of ∆RV function than ∆6MWD, and predicts survival. Methods 59 patients with precapillary PH whom underwent serial CMR between 2004 and 2014 with 6MWD and/or NTproBNP sampling within 1 month of scan were retrospectively included. 146 ∆RV function values were calculated. For survival analysis, patients were censored at last day of study (24/6/14) or if lost to follow up. Survival was taken from the date of the second CMR scan. Due to the interaction between cardiac MRI values, only univariate survival analysis was performed. Results ∆NTproBNP correlates more closely with ∆RVEF, ∆RVEDVI, ∆RVESVI than 6MWD (table1). Both ∆NTproBNP and ∆6MWD predicted survival [HR 1.001 95% CI 1.001–1.002 p Conclusion ∆NTproBNP is superior to ∆6MWD as a surrogate marker of changing RV function which can be easily evaluated in the clinic setting. Both ∆NTproBNP and ∆ 6MWD predict survival in PH. References van Wolferen SA, Marcus JT, Boonstra A, Marques KMJ, Bronzwaer JGF, Spreeuwenberg MD, et al. Prognostic value of right ventricular mass, volume, and function in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. European Heart Journal. 2007;28(10):1250–7 Blyth KG, Groenning BA, Mark PB, Martin TN, Foster JE, Steedman T, et al. NT-proBNP can be used to detect right ventricular systolic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. European Respiratory Journal. 2007;29(4):737–44 Abstract P164 Table 1 Pearson correlations for ∆NTproBNP and ∆6MWD with indices of ∆RV function. Abbreviations; right ventricular ejection fraction RVEF; right ventricular end diastolic volume index RVEDVI; right ventricular end systolic volume index RVESVI; stroke volume index SVI RV variable ∆NTproBNP ∆6MWD (n) Correlation coefficient P value (n) Correlation coefficient P value ∆RVEF 101 -0.517 <0.0001 121 0.277 0.002 ∆RVEDVI 101 0.517 <0.0001 121 -0.093 NS ∆RVESVI 101 0.664 <0.0001 121 -0.234 0.01 ∆SVI 100 -0.407 <0.0001 120 0.367 <0.0001


Objective:To detect the expression of stem cell factor(SCF)、flt3 ligand(FL) and its receptors in patient with paroxysmal noctumal hemoglobinuria and aplastic anemia. To investigate the function of SCF and FL in the pathognesis of PNH and AA.Method:SCF and FL was detected by ELISA,c kit and flt3 was measured by flow cytometry(FCM).Result:There were no difference between the level of SCF in patients with PNH, AA and in controls.the level of FL in patients with PNH and AA were significantly higher than that in controls.The expression of c kit in PNH and AA were lower than that of the controls. The expression of FLT3 in three groups have no difference.Conclusion:Stem cell factor, flt3 ligand and its receptors may participant in PNH and AA's pathogenesis.


In this paper,the dust particles are produced directly in the experimental process,in which we use ethylene and silane as the experimental gases and argon as the carrier.The dust clouds and voids are formed in the sheath layer of the RF plasma.By observing the volume change of the dust clouds and time concussion of the dust voids,we analyze the basic properties of the dust voids.Through recording dust particles' trajectory with time,we tentatively deduce the stress of the dust particles.Combined with the movement rules of the dust particles and voids,we know the properties of the dust voids and their formation reasons.


The present invention is in the automotive industry, for example, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the gloss of molded plastic products, such as products for automotive interiors and for this purpose to use certain additives and related invention embodiments. The control comprises the addition of one or more silica additives in the polymer composition is used as a polymer base material of the shaped article.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the fraud pentagon on academic fraud behavior. Collecting data in this study was carried out with a quantitative type of research by distributing questionnaires to 100 (one hundred) students. The data analysis method used is using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the fraud pentagon had a positive and significant effect on academic fraud behavior. Partially there is a positive and significant effect of pressure on academic cheating behavior, there is an insignificant effect of opportunity on academic cheating behavior, there is an insignificant effect of rationalization on academic cheating behavior, there is a positive and significant effect on the ability of academic cheating behavior and there is positive and significant influence of ethics on academic deficiency behavior.


Abstract : The report presents measurements of the absorption of HDO-N2 mixtures when illuminated with a DF laser operating on the 3-2 P(6) to P(8) lines. Similar data is presented for pure CO2 and the 2-1 P(8) DF line. Measurements of CH4-Air mixtures are presented for the 2-1 P(6) - P(8) DF lines.


Phase‐change memory (PCM) is a promising candidate for next‐generation memory technology due to the fast switching and large property contrast between the crystalline and amorphous phases. However, the large difference of mass density between these two phases is one of the major factors that lead to the failure of PCM devices. In this work, it is discovered that the carbon alloying remarkably reduces the density change of GeSb film (GeSbC), a chalcogen‐free material with high stability and good switching properties, from ≈6% to ≈3%. In particular, it is focused on the mechanism how carbon affects the structure of GeSbC alloys through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, demonstrating that this dopant has increased the packing efficiency by forming small tetrahedral clusters in the bonding region of the glass. The results have important implications on the design of durable phase‐change memory materials.


Sexual dimorphism often results from hormonally regulated trait differences between the sexes. In sex-role-reversed vertebrates, females often have ornaments used in mating competition that are expected to be under hormonal control. Males of the sex-role-reversed Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) develop female-typical traits when they are exposed to estrogens. We aimed to identify genes whose expression levels changed during the development and maintenance of female-specific ornaments. We performed RNA-sequencing on skin and muscle tissue in male Gulf pipefish with and without exposure to estrogen to investigate the transcriptome of the sexually dimorphic ornament of vertical iridescent bands found in females and estrogen-exposed males. We further compared gene expression patterns to identity differentially expressed genes between males and females to generate a list of genes putatively involved in the female secondary sex traits of bands and body depth. A detailed analysis of estrogen-receptor binding sites demonstrates that estrogen-regulated genes tend to have nearby cis-regulatory elements. Our results identified a number of genes that differed between the sexes and confirmed that many of these were estrogen responsive. These estrogen-regulated genes may be involved in the arrangement of chromatophores for color patterning, as well as in the growth of muscles to achieve the greater body depth typical of females in this species. In addition, anaerobic respiration and adipose tissue could be involved in the rigors of female courtship and mating competition. Overall, this study generates a number of interesting hypotheses regarding the genetic basis of a female ornament in a sex-role-reversed pipefish.


Compensation in primary care practices edged up about 2.6% in 2010, a smaller increase than in the previous year but still slightly more than specialty practices, a recent survey found. Overall, however, the news was far from good?many practices were operating at a loss.


To explore the knowledge of state abortion law of doctors providing abortion in New South Wales and Queensland, their attitudes towards this law, and their application of both knowledge and attitudes to their day‐to‐day practice of abortion.


Abstract In this article, a new system of Hadamard-type hybrid fractional differential inclusions equipped with Dirichlet boundary conditions was constructed. By virtue of a fixed-point theorem due to B. C. Dhage, (Existence results for neutral functional differential inclusions in Banach algebras, Nonlinear Anal. 64 (2006), no. 6, 1290–1306, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.06.036), the existence results of solutions for the considered problem are derived in a new norm space for multivalued maps. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our main results.


It is the purpose of the present paper to obtain some sufficient conditions for pvalently starlikeness for a certain class of functions which are analytic in the open unit disk E.


Background: Regenerative injection therapy, perineural subcutaneous injection (PSI) of dextrose in low concentration (5%) (D5W) to the subcutaneous nerves and low level laser therapy (LLLT) are analgesic to nerve pain so muscles can restore their normal function. They could be an alternative to conventional symptomatic management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Aim of Study: To compare the benefit of PSI with D5W and LLLT on pain modulation in patients suffering from chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Material and Methods: 100 patients aged 40-70 years, either gender with mild to moderate osteoarthritis of knee were studied. They were equally divided into two groups. Group (I) received dextrose injection 5% in sterile water (D5W) in determined points and group (II) received LLLT. Pain intensity was determined by using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Knee condition was evaluated on the basis of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).The pretreatment and post-treatment outcomes were compared between two groups. Results: At the end of the treatment, all patients reported improvement in all parameters compared with pretreatment scores. The PSI group injected with D5W showed a significant reduction in pain scale and improved WOMAC scores after end of the treatment compared to LLLT group. Conclusion: PSI Injection or LLLT could significantly decrease pain in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis and improve their functional status. PSI was more effective to control pain in our patients.


BACKGROUND
Although the US has seen a rapid increase in tobacco minimum legal sales age (MLSA) laws set to age 21, there is wide variation across high-income countries and less is known about policy support outside of the US. We examined the prevalence of support for tobacco MLSA 21 laws as well as associations by socio-demographic, smoking, and household characteristics among current and former adult smokers.

METHODS
In this cross-sectional analysis, we used the 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey to examine support for MLSA 21 laws among 12,904 respondents from Australia, Canada, England, and US.

RESULTS
Support for raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21 ranged from 62.2% in the US to 70.8% in Canada. Endorsement also varied by age, such that 40.6% of 18-20-year-olds supported the policy compared to 69.3% of those aged 60+ years. In the adjusted regression model, there was also higher support among respondents who were female than male, non-white than white, those who did not allow smoking in the household than those that did, and those who had children in the household than those that did not. There were no differences by household income, education, or smoking status.

CONCLUSIONS
Most current and former smokers, including a sizable minority of those aged ≤20 years, support raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21.


The work deals with Iranian women in the Czech Republic, aiming to find out how the position and social status of these researched women in Czech society are to a large extent shaped and influenced by the culture of the country of their origin. The article follows the reasons why these women left Iran, as well as relatives and family pressure on women. Furthermore, it is the society and ubiquitous social control that has influenced a number of decisions in women's lives, including marriage to a foreigner and emigration. The text deals with the historical and cultural consequences that gave rise to patriarchy and the emergence of feminist movements and thoughts in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also discusses the perception of gender issues and the general position of women in Iran from the perspective of Western authors. Based on semi-structured interviews, the text shows the lived experiences of the studied women who left their home country to escape the local controlling environment. These women literally get themselves into a different foreign culture carrying their own cultural burdens with them. For Czech society, Iranian women are practically invisible, but they struggle with the daily dilemma of keeping cultural attributes and ties of their homeland or liberating themselves completely. In addition to several topics related to the context of cultural transmission, the article discusses patriarchy and family, feminism and the public sphere, including the symbol of the veil, and education, which includes the defining potential for changing a woman's lifestyle. The text (as well as the final thesis) can help with thinking about the issue of integration.


This paper advances the recent results on testing skyrmion logic circuits, which recently gained popularity as an emerging technology. A skyrmion circuit differs significantly from the existing CMOS circuit in physical structure and operation mechanisms. The previous work identified 19 defect types and modeled them as either a stuck-at fault, no-fault causing no error, or a technology-specific defect requiring special consideration. The previous work was limited to those defects that map onto single stuck-at faults. The present work addresses the class of technology-specific defects that were not discussed before. Our defect mapping onto an analyzable fault model uses extensions of fault equivalence and fault dominance principles. We model the defects as transition faults whose test generation is supported in the logic-level EDA systems. All such defects require two-pattern tests, except one defect, missing annihilation notch of OR gate, that needs three patterns. These require test generation for constrained stuck-at fault, generally available in EDA systems. The reported results show that majority of the defects of skyrmionbased circuits can be detected using the proposed test generation approach; few exceptions are defects that map through dominance onto faults rendered redundant due to the circuit structure.


We study the excited random walk, in which a walk that is at a site that contains cookies eats one cookie and then hops to the right with probability p and to the left with probability q=1-p. If the walk hops onto an empty site, there is no bias. For the 1-excited walk on the half-line (one cookie initially at each site), the probability of first returning to the starting point at time t scales as t^{-(2-p)}. Although the average return time to the origin is infinite for all p, the walk eats, on average, only a finite number of cookies until this first return when p 3/4, where the walk is transient, including a mean displacement that grows as t^{nu}, with nu>1/2 dependent on p, and a breakdown of scaling for the probability distribution of the walk.


Many electrophysiological tests have been used to determine prognosis and extent of recovery in Bell's palsy but the reliability and sensitivity of the different parameters used is still controversial. We performed bilateral percutaneous facial nerve conduction studies, and volitional needle electromyography on 23 patients within 10–14 days post onset of their Bell's palsy. The following parameters were assessed: denervation and recruitment of the frontalis and orbicularis oris muscles, latency of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP), and CMAP amplitude ratio. The patients were re‐examined 6 months later and their recovery graded according to the House‐Brackman classification. The CMAP amplitude ratio and the recruitment scores of the frontalis and orbicularis oris muscles were the only parameters to reliably predict outcome (p = 0.016, 0.007 and 0.036, respectively). All patients with a CMAP amplitude ratio above 10% had a complete recovery. Since Bell's palsy is probably caused by herpes simplex virus, the active disease process is completed within 10–14 days; therefore, facial nerve conduction studies and electromyography at that time are appropriate to predict prognosis.


Results from the zonal model indicate quite reasonable agreement with observation in terms of the parameters and processes that influence the radiation and energy balance calculations. The model produces zonal statistics similar to those from general circulation models, and has also been shown to produce similar responses in sensitivity studies. Further studies of model performance are planned, including: comparison with July data; comparison of temperature and moisture transport and wind fields for winter and summer months; and a tabulation of atmospheric energetics. Based on these preliminary performance studies, however, it appears that the zonal model can be used in conjunction with more complex models to help unravel the problems of understanding the processes governing present climate and climate change. As can be seen in the subsequent paper on model sensitivity studies, in addition to reduced cost of computation, the zonal model facilitates analysis of feedback mechanisms and simplifies analysis of the interactions between processes.


There has been a dramatic increase in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and their applications. Furthermore, there is a growing impetus to integrate IoT networks on a global scale, using satellites to expand the range of IoT connectivity into geographically remote areas.  Ensuring the security of satellite backhaul for IoT networks is thus of paramount importance. The steady advance of quantum computing in recent years threatens to nullify classical cryptographic approaches based on assumptions of computational hardness, motivating the need for post-quantum cryptography. Quantum computing algorithms have been developed that, once a quantum computer of sufficient scale is realised, will be able to break classical cryptosystems efficiently (at polynomial-time complexity).  A promising method of securing information against this threat at the physical layer has emerged in the form of quantum key distribution (QKD).  QKD exploits the fundamental physical properties of light to guarantee information-theoretic security.  Research into the application and standardisation of QKD to secure satellite backhaul, however, is still in its infancy. This paper presents a brief overview of the theoretical basis for QKD, whilst also providing a survey of contemporary QKD protocols. It evaluates the ability of these protocols to secure satellite backhaul in the context of a typical satellite-IoT network architecture.  Furthermore, it highlights the vulnerabilities, as well as the technical challenges associated with this endeavour. Finally, it proposes directions for future research and development into protocols and standardisation for the satellite-integrated IoT domain. Several challenges must be overcome before QKD can evolve into a global-scale solution for securing satellite-IoT. Secret key generation rate remains very low in practical demonstrations of trusted-relay QKD satellite architectures.  Further research is needed to overcome or mitigate the fundamental rate-distance trade-off before satellite QKD can be considered practicable in an IoT application.  Alternatives that do not rely on trusted nodes are contingent on nascent technologies such as quantum repeaters and quantum memory.  Whilst in theory QKD provides perfect information-theoretic security, it remains vulnerable to attacks that exploit imperfections in real-world equipment.  Further effort is needed to develop QKD protocols that can safeguard against the aforementioned challenges.


We have studied the aquaculture performance of sugarcane molasses in juvenile Genetic Improvement of Farmed Tilapia strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) practical diets by progressively increasing its inclusion level at the expense of wheat middling in isonitrogenous (34.4% crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.10MJ/kg) formulated diets. The test results indicated that the survival did not differ among treatments (P0.05) during the test period (56 days). The intake, growth and feed conversion ratio of fish fed 20% SMS diet showed significantly better than fish fed 20% wheat middling diet (P0.05). No significant difference with carcass nutrient contents (protein, lipid, ash and moisture) was found among the treatments. The contents of glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride in serum at fish fed 20% SMS diet were all significantly higher than fish fed 20% wheat middling diet (P0.05). Results showed that Wheat middling could be entirely replaced by sugarcane molasses in practical diets of juvenile without compromising growth or feed conversion ratio. The higher blood sugar in fish after intake sugarcane molasses diet could be the major cause on positive growth performance and feed conversion ratio in juvenile GIFT strain of Nile tilapia.


In this article the net's height could be lowered according to different students and technical levels;and through teaching reform, new requirements should be set up in technical movements those shorter students participating in volleyball games,and different views have been put forward to the techni- cal standard in textbooks. this gives certain encouragement to most of those students who are short actively to choose volleyball as their elective course.


Finding communities in networks has become very important because various social and physical complex systems are represented as networks. Because of their ability to address large networks, local community detection methods that start from a seed node have become the focus of many research endeavours in recent times. In this paper, a derivative-based local community detection method, inspired by active contours, is proposed for finding a community surrounding an initial seed. The method is based on the concepts of curvature and gradient of the current communitys boundary. Curvature and gradient comprise the velocity function used to determine whether the boundary should move to include a candidate node in its vicinity. Unlike Euclidean space, networks have non-uniform space with fluctuations of dimensionality, given by the fluctuation in degrees of nodes, which complicates the calculation of derivatives used to define the curvature and gradient of boundary nodes. In this research, with some intuitive imagination, a framework for approximating derivatives in network space is proposed. Benchmarking this community detection method against three contemporary methods shows that it is capable of building communities with equal or better conductance.


VIENTIANE. Laos "" King massive ~on from Red Savang VaoUhana was reported Fri· China and the Sovi-et Union . day us:ng a (irm hand to bring Insbead, he backed Britain's Laos' lV8r1l'ing (aotioos If.o the peace call fora oease-rire, to be rol· table, probably A priJ 28 at the lowed by 1& 14·1'lIation peace con. state CUOOl'al for :rus father'. One ference, and embarked on a plan step' was saki to be a royal VEto to I18'e .1tIe funerlrl of ms fatohtt to of a Gorernrnent proposal to ask bring h contMding sides tofor ihterventkln · by the Sout-heast gether. Asia Treaty O\1ganization (SEATO). King SiJNrvang died in 1959. A Sources close to the monarch is the custom in Laos, the body was preserv<ed far a state funeral laber. lnfonnants lIaid the funeral might bring 40gelher Prince Sou· vanna, who fled into exile When forces . loyal to Baun. Oum 6cized Vienti8ll6; SoIl varma's balf·brothor, Prince Souplbanouvang, 100<1· er or fue Palthet Lao; Boon Oum and his de.fense4 ministel' and mili· tary strong man, Gen. Phoumi Nosavan. Hammarskjold's -~ob .~~~


Over the past 10 years it has become clear that cyanobacteria and microalgae possess mechanisms for actively acquiring inorganic carbon from the external medium and are able to use this to elevate the CO2 concentration around the active site of the primary photosynthetic carboxylating enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). This results in a vastly enhanced photosynthetic affinity for inorganic carbon (Ci) and improved photosynthetic efficiency. The CO2 concentrating mechanism is dependent on the existence of membrane bound Ci transport systems, and a microenvironment within the cell where the accumulated Ci can be used to elevate CO2 at the site of Rubisco. Evidence presented in this review suggests that in cyanobacteria this is achieved by the packaging of Rubisco and carbonic anhydrase (CA) into discrete structures, which are termed carboxysomes. Analogous structures in microalgae, termed pyrenoids, may perform a similar function. The recovery and analysis of high-CO2-requiring mutants has greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms and genes underlying these systems, especially in cyanobacteria, and this review places particular emphasis on the contribution made by molecular genetic approaches.


T his qualitative study set out to determine how multicultural literature was used and perceived by US elementary school teachers, and how the beliefs of teachers shape perceptions, selection, interpretation, and the teaching of multicultural literature (Ketter & Lewis, 2001). Twenty-six (26) elementary school teachers across the country responded to this study. A n invitational email with a web-survey hyperlink was utilized. V ariables pertaining to p articipant background, definition, selection acquirement and application of "multicultural" literature, the elementary school community and district mandates were addressed in the web survey. Findings revealed that all participants used multicultural literature sometime during the school year. The majority of participants were Caucasian females teaching in suburban schools, which did not have a mandated multicultural curriculum. Regardless of mandates, the majority applied a "narrow" definition for multicultural literature using the words "cultural", "race," and "nationality."  Other findings indicated that elementary school teachers used multicultural literature more frequently when they had strong administrative support, regardless of their students' or their own ethnicity.


To investigate the movement of sperm head and the role of sperm neck in forward sperm motility in the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius coreae, the morphological characteristics of the cauda epididymal spermatozoa were examined by light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Spermatozoa of A. agrarius coreae were characterized by the conspicuous shape of the acrosome and the long tail compared with those of other rodents. Total length of the sperm was 133 μm. The sperm head had a curved falciform shape. The head was 8.0 μm in length, and about 4.0 μm in width. The shape of acrosome had an opener‐like form. The sperm tail (125 μm) consisted of four major segments: neck (0.5 μm), middle piece (29.5 μm), and principal piece plus the end piece (95 μm). The outer dense fibers were arranged in a horseshoe fashion, and No. 1, 5, 6, and 9 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. The mitochondrial bundles of middle piece were composed of a pair of arms, which surrou...


There is provided a method for providing content to network devices in a communication network. A level of congestion of the communication network is determined ( 305 ). A cost of service is calculated based on the level of congestion ( 310 ). The network devices are informed of the cost of service ( 315 ). A first selection is received from a user of a network device specifying a content to be downloaded to the network device during a download process ( 320 ). A second selection is received from the user specifying a cost of service threshold for the download process ( 325 ). The cost of service is automatically compared to the cost of service threshold ( 330 ). The download process is automatically performed, when the cost of service is less than the cost of service threshold ( 335 ).


To study quantitative change of cerebral blood flow (CBF) on patients with early syphilis, we have established a method on absolute measurement of rCBF by using SPECT with Ethyl Cysteinate Dimmer (ECD) as imaging agent, and the method was applied to measure rCBF on patients with early syphilis. The rCBF values measured by this method are highly consistent with the values measured by other classical methods such as SPECT (123I-IMP) and PET (15O-H2O). The rCBF values for early syphilis patients and the normal control show some statistical differences.A routine quantitative absolute measurement of rCBF featured with simple procedures is therefore on the way of maturation.


Explosiveness of mixed gases is usually determined by three methods,namely,Coward explosive triangle method,explosive triangle calculation method adopted by U.S. Bureau of Mine and minimal combustion-supporting oxygen concentration method. However,how to get the analytical result visually,precisely and rapidly is very critical in disaster prevention and rescue. A graphic analysis method for solving the question mentioned-above was emphatically provided. The fundamental theoretical criterion of the method is based on VC++. The validity of the method was verified with a real case. The result showed that the graphic analysis could raise the efficiency of the safety management.


INTRODUCTION: In 1950, Waldenstriim reported a series of cases of chronic hepatitis in young women. This generated considerable interest in the disease. Subsequent reports have demonstrated that while it is much more prevalent in the young, it is not confined to them and that cases have been reported from all age groups. Chronic active hepatitis is a syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by a progressive necrosis of liver parenchyma resulting in chronic hyperbilirubinemia and elevation of transaminases. Hypergammaglobulinemia is always found. The disease uniformly progresses to cirrhosis, liver failure and death. About 25 70 of cases follow what appears to be an acute attack of viral hepatitis. The remaining cases have no such antecedent history, becoming clinically recognizable at the stage of liver failure. The role of anicteric hepatitis as a predecessor of chronic active hepatitis is suspected but not proven. The prognosis is poor, most patients dying within 3-5 years from the onset of symptoms. MacKay and his colleagues (1) reported finding L.E. cells in some patients with chronic active hepatitis. He has named this entity lupoid hepatitis, making its diagnosis dependent on the presence of L. E. cells. This phenomenon suggests that autoimmunity plays a role in the etiology. Many aspects of this disease are similar to ones found in autoimmune processes. There are many problems presented by this disease. What part does viral hepatitis play in the etiology? Is there an autoimmune process perpetuating virus-induced damage? Does the L. E. cell phenomenon separate the patients into two distinct groups? Finally, how best does one treat this illness? The following case may illustrate some of these points.


The theoretical foundation and application availability of topological spatial relationship research for three dimensional geo-entities in raster space are discussed.Based on digital topology theory,an entity is defined with 6-connectivity,and the interior I6,the boundary B6 and the k-order 6 neighborhoods Ek6 are defined furthermore.A new 9-intersection model named as k-order 6 neighborhoods model(K6N9-I Model),which replaces the interior I,the boundary B and the exterior E of entities in 9-I model with I6,B6 and Ek6 respectively,is presented.A computable method for topological query and analysis based on relation database query language SQL(Structure Query Language) is studied,and the qualitative representation and the quantitative computation methods of geo-entity's topological relations in 3D raster space are realized.A test experiment on several geo-entities was conducted.It shows that the new topological model is easy for use,and that is not only effective for the query and analysis of topological relations,but also promising for other spatial relationships of complex geo-entities such as metric relation and direction relation in 3D raster space.


Hot‐dipping galvanizing process is a widely used and efficient way to protect steel from corrosion. We propose to master the microstructure of zinc grains by investigating the relevant process parameters. In order to improve the texture of this coating, we model grain nucleation and growth processes and simulate the zinc solid phase development.A coupling scheme model has been applied with this aim. This model improves a previous two‐dimensional model of the solidification process. It couples a cellular automaton (CA) approach and a finite element (FE) method. CA grid and FE mesh are superimposed on the same domain. The grain development is simulated at the micro‐scale based on the CA grid. A nucleation law is defined using a Gaussian probability and a random set of nucleating cells. A crystallographic orientation is defined for each one with a choice of Euler's angle (Ψ,θ,φ). A small growing shape is then associated to each cell in the mushy domain and a dendrite tip kinetics is defined using the model o...


Abstract A new theorem giving a direct solution for the inverse or a block tridiagonal matrix is proved. The algorithm is compared to that of Thomas and found to be less efficient in the general case, but more efficient in several practical special cases. In particular the algorithm is shown to be the general case of the various Marching Algorithms whose application to distributed systems is well known.


The commonestcauseof death after acute renal failure is overloadingof the circulation with excessivetherapeutic fluids. This fact emphasizesthe need for strict control of water balance during therapy. It also incriminates therapy itself as a major causeof death. A conservative regime in which fluid intake does not exceed fluid loss undoubtedly produces the best results. Solutions containing sodium or magnesiumsulphate and concentrated sodium chloride solutions have no place, because it is impossible to make a non-functioning kidney work hy adding materials requiring excretion.


In this paper we study the sequence {AN (a)}N∈N of finite truncations of a generalized discrete convolution operator, which have matrices of the form AN (a) ∼ ( a ( n E(N) , k E(N) , n− k ))


'Citizen Kane' wears its bid for greatness on its sleeve. This is absolutely not the case with 'Ferris Bueller's Day Off'