The Joint Directorate of the State Nature Reserves «Orenburg» and «Shaitan-Tau» (later – FSFI «Orenburg Reserves») elaborated the Programme on establishing a semi-free population of the Przewalski's horse in the Orenburg State Nature Reserve (Russia). It was launched in a 165.38 km2 natural steppe area called «Pre-Urals Steppe». The first stage of the Programme was funded by the UNDP/GEF Steppe Project 00072294 «Improving the Coverage and Management Efficiency of Protected Areas in the Steppe Biome of Russia» and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation. The Pre-Urals Steppe was totally fenced to prevent the escape of Przewalski's horses from the strictly protected area. A Reintroduction Centre was constructed inside the fenced area. The Centre consists of permanent acclimatisation enclosures for horses, touristic infrastructure and a house for personnel (the ranger-station). All the work with Przewalski horses in the Pre-Urals Steppe are financed from the federal budget on permanent basis. A total of 36 Przewalski's horses were brought to the Pre-Urals Steppe from the Association pour le Cheval de Przewalski: TAKH, France, and the Hortobagy National Park, Hungary in 2015–2017. The horses were kept in the enclosures for about one year or more before being released into the main area. In March 2019, there were two free-roaming harems in the Pre-Urals Steppe. A third harem and a bachelor group are still kept in acclimatisation enclosures. One foal and six foals were born in 2016 and 2018 accordingly. The foaling rate was 50� in 2018. One of the imported harem stallions is probably infertile, despite the fact that he was many times observed mating his females and in general, demonstrating normal sexual behaviour. The mortality of the imported Przewalski's horses is 8.3�; foal mortality totals 28.6�. There are 38 Przewalski's horses (16 males and 22 females) in the Pre-Urals Steppe area on 31 March 2019. The personnel of the Reintroduction Centre examine the whole Przewalski's horse population regularly. They identify the animals and watch their body condition and behaviour. The location of each free-roaming group is recorded with a GPS navigator. Any changes in the composition of the groups are recorded. Faeces are collected from each individual monthly for calculating parasite eggs in the samples. Every year a reserve stock of hay to feed the Przewalski's horses in the Pre-Urals Steppe is made to pass potential natural disaster such as severe drought, a snowy winter and/or heavy icing. Various scientific research including both Przewalski's horses and other components of local ecosystems are conducted in the Pre-Urals Steppe. The initial stage of the Programme has been successfully completed.


In this article, we demonstrated the single-shot 1D and 2D localization of wireless nodes using spectrum to space mapping principle by utilizing dual-port frequency dispersive antennas. The system is realized on an industry-standard 65-nm CMOS platform. The integrated chip operates within the frequency range of 360-400 GHz consisting of on-chip transceiver back-end. Using this implemented system, the angular localization accuracy of less than 2 degrees in 1D and 2D space is achieved. This approach significantly reduces the link discovery complexity in comparison with other existing iterative methods that involve time-consuming beam-scanning techniques.


The importance, feasibility and simplicity of soft computing controllers are explained in chapter 4. In this thesis, two soft computing controllers like Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Networks have been taken for investigation. The ANN controller has been developed in chapter 4 and it is not found to be the appropriate choice for controlling heavy duty gas turbine plant. Hence an attempt is made to control the gas plant using Fuzzy Logic because of its human knowledge, inference and decision making capability.


While many Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) teleconnections are well documented, the significance of these teleconnections to agriculture is not well understood. Here we analyze how the MJO affects the climate during crop flowering seasons, when crops are particularly vulnerable to abiotic stress. Because the MJO is located in the tropics of the summer hemisphere and maize is a tropical, summer-grown crop, the MJO teleconnections to maize flowering seasons are stronger and more coherent than those to wheat, which tends to be grown in midlatitudes and flowers during the spring. The MJO significantly affects not only daily average precipitation and soil moisture, but also the probability of extreme precipitation, soil moisture and maximum temperatures during crop flowering seasons. The average influence on the probability of extreme daily precipitation, soil moisture, and maximum temperature events is roughly equal. On average the MJO modifies the probability of a 5th or 95th, 10th or 90th, and 25th or 75th percentile event by [Formula: see text] 2.5%, [Formula: see text] 4% and [Formula: see text] 7%, respectively. This means that an exceptionally dry (10th percentile) soil moisture value, for example, would become [Formula: see text] 40% more common (happening 14% of the time) during certain MJO phases. That the MJO can simultaneously dry soils and raise maximum air temperatures may be particularly damaging to crops because without available soil water during times of heat stress, plants are unable to transpire to cool leaf-level temperatures as a means of avoiding long-term damage. As a result, even though teleconnections from the MJO last only a few days to a week, they likely affect crop growth.


In this work, four types of random arrays are compared. In particular, the mean and variance of the array factor are derived. This provides a partial statistical characterisation that allows pointing out some important aspects of random arrays and link them to the number of elements and array aperture. In the absence of a simple and effective analytical apparatus, here great importance is also given to the experimental aspect, especially as far as the side-lobe level is concerned. To this end, Monte Carlo simulations are run to experimentally build the side-lobe distribution as a function of the number of radiators and the average spacing between two adjacent radiators. The obtained results show that random arrays where one is free to impose constraints on the minimum spacing between adjacent elements can obtain performance analogous to those achievable by other schemes which do not put such constraints. However, the former are preferable because they are able to zero the probability that adjacent radiators are separated with less than a certain minimum distance, which allows the mitigation of mutual coupling effects.


An essay that addresses the academic requests for a model to be sophisticated and elegant, even in reality that is often not the case. An initiative for merging OR/MS with management information systems was being declined as inappropriate for several reasons because the author sees OR/MS as the application of the scientific method to management, whereas MIS is a computer-aided tool for problem solving.


The convergence of markets in the digital age is placing policymakers under increasing pressure to extend regulations borne by incumbents to new entrants. In the emerging battle between telephone and cable companies to provide video service, cable companies are requesting that video service obligations such as anti-redlining rules be applied to telephone companies and all other new entrants But all this lobbying does little to help determine what's best for consumers. Given the long history of "regulate my new competitors like me" in the telecom space, four principles policymakers should use when being lobbied with such arguments: 1. Policymakers shouldn't consider equal regulatory treatment appeals in isolation. These approaches say nothing about whether the rules in question do more harm than good. 2. Policymakers should avoid imposing rules where market forces can achieve the same result. Companies' pleas to 'regulate unto others but not unto me' can induce lobbying fatigue and thereby distract policymakers from a simple truth: the same technological developments that brought another round of lobbyists to their offices also increase the potential for competition. 3. Policymakers should respect the role of property rights. Consumers win as their choice of offerings expands. Companies will be reluctant to provide these choices, however, if government requires or allows the fruits of their labors to be taken unfairly or without adequate compensation. This is true whether it is an uneconomic build-out requirement or an uneconomic forced access policy. 4. Policymakers should know "taxation by regulation" can't be sustained in a competitive environment when it comes to regulatory parity. There should be an imperative to remove the millstone from incumbents rather than impose the same burdens on new entrants; it should be done by regulating all parties down to parity. The final metric has to be what is best for consumers.


A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is formed by perforating a dielectric substrate with a lattice of holes. The performance of several perforated DRA prototypes is compared to a conventional DRA and the results demonstrate better gain and cross-polarisation levels. This technique of fabricating DRAs using perforations is intended for array applications, eliminating the need to position and bond individual elements.


We use the analyses of the linguistic activities of the physiologist Claude to study the creation of the direction in three Tunisian textbooks. We study also the construction of a new language in the debates by proposing a strategy innovating in the teaching of the glycemic control. We clarify the stages of the approach of modeling followed by the pupils. Tunisian Pupil gives an account of the phenomenon of the glycemic control through models. The type of analysis carried out in this research made it possible to explore the strategies of synchronization of the polyphony inherent in the speech of the scientists, the authors of textbooks and the pupils to create a new sense. We highlighted some conditions of possibilities to lead to a successful synchronization, even in the case of a complex polyphony as that of the Tunisian pupils who are bilingual.
A la lumiere des analyses des activites langagieres du physiologiste Claude Bernard, nous etudions la creation du sens dans trois manuels tunisiens et la construction d'un nouveau langage dans les debats des d'eleve tunisiens pour rendre compte du phenomene de la regulation de la glycemie a travers des modeles. En proposant une strategie innovante dans l'enseignement de la regulation de la glycemie, nous explicitons les etapes des demarches de modelisation suivies par les eleves. Le type d'analyse mene dans cette recherche a permis d'explorer les strategies de synchronisation de la polyphonie inherente au discours des scientifiques, des concepteurs de manuels et des eleves pour creer un nouveau sens et de pointer quelques conditions de possibilites pour aboutir a une synchronisation reussie meme dans le cas d'une polyphonie complexe comme celle des eleves tunisiens qui sont bilingues.


1. Comparative kinematic performance study on isotropy, manipulability, stiffness and payload aspects of the 18 possible square shape/U-base 3 degree of freedom planar parallel manipulators is performed. This study helps the designer to identify the best/feasible planar parallel manipulator for the given task. It can also be used as a tool for designing a planar motion platform (x, y and  motions) as per the designer's requirement on the basis of their applications. 2. Two new/improved motion control schemes namely an improved sliding mode controller and a PID-like fuzzy logic controller are introduced to improve the overall motion control performance in terms of their robustness and adaptive aspects. 3. Development of a four axis vertical milling machine with an extension of the proposed manipulator (PPR-PRP-PRP) as a work table and its performance is demonstrated at different working conditions.


This report discusses the qualifications required to hold the office of U.S. Senator or Representative to Congress that are established and set out within the U.S. Constitution.


Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a leading pathogen, causing infections with high mortality and morbidity. It causes a severe life-threatening illness in the elderly and children. Infections caused by S. pneumoniae may be invasive (e.g. meningitis, pneumonia and bacteraemia) or non invasive infections such as otitis media. This work was carried out to clarify the role of S. pneumaniae as a causative agent of pediatric infection in Mansoura University children s Hospital (MUCH), with special focusing on macrolide resistance isolates. This study was carried out on 1915 infants and children admitted to MUCH with clinically suspected respiratory tract infections, blood stream infection (BSI), and meningitis. The collected specimens were cultivated on Columbia agar base with 5% sheep blood supplemented with 5 pg/ml gentamicin. Alpha-haemolytic colonies of S. Pneumoniae were confirmed by optochin and bile solubility test. Phenotypic characterization of macrolide resistant strains was done by erythromycin- clindamycin double- disk diffusion test followed by detection of resistance genes by PCR. S. pneumonia was isolated from 52 samples corresponding to 7.9 % of total pathogens. Thirty S. pneumoniae isolates (57.7%) were resistant to macrolide antibiotics. The erm (B) genotype was the most common genotype (60%), followed by the mef (A) genotype (23.3%). Conclusion: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence at our locality, and the associated morbidity and resistance, is relatively high. Updated information about antibiotic resistance and application of infection control practices is needed for antimicrobial treatment of this alert pathogen.


Carbon nitride (CNx) films have been deposited by reactive sputtering of a graphite target with nitrogen and/or argon gases. A modified cylindrical DC magnetron was used as a sputter deposition source and the processing plasma was monitored by means of both a Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The nitrogen to carbon ratio (N/C ratio) evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ranged from 0 to 0.5. Strong correlation between N/C ratio in the film and N2+ /N2* emission intensity ratio was confirmed from the result of the OES study. An absorption band near 2200 cm-1 in the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra strongly indicated the existence of C≡N covalent bonding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) bright-field imaging revealed that the prepared CNx film contained nanocrystallines buried in the amorphous background and the observed grain size was 10–60 nm range.


The sources that leak Lyman-continuum (LyC) photons and lead to the reionisation of the universe are intensely studied using multiple observing facilities. Recently, the Low-redshift LyC Survey (LzLCS) has found the first large sample of LyC emitting galaxies at low redshift ($z\sim 0.3$) with the Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. The LzLCS sample contains a robust estimate of the LyC escape fraction ($f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{LyC}$) for 66 galaxies spanning a wide range of $f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{LyC}$. Here we, for the first time, aim to study the radio continuum (RC) properties of LzLCS sources and their dependence on $f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{LyC}$. We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array RC observations at C (4-8 GHz), S (2-4 GHz) and L (1-2 GHz) bands for a sub-sample of the LzLCS sources. The radio spectral index ($\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$) spans a wide range from being flat ( $\geq -0.1$) to very steep ($\leq -1.0$). We find that the strongest leakers in our sample show flat $\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$, weak leakers have $\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$ close to normal star-forming galaxies, and non-leakers are characterized by steep $\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$. We argue that a combination of young ages, free-free absorption, and a flat cosmic-ray energy spectrum can altogether lead to a flat $\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$ for strong leakers. Non-leakers are characterized by steep spectra which can arise due to break/cutoff at high frequencies. Such a cutoff in the spectrum can arise in a single injection model of CRs characteristic of galaxies which have recently stopped star formation. Such a relation between $\alpha^{\mathrm{3GHz}}_\mathrm{6GHz}$ and $f_\mathrm{esc}^\mathrm{LyC}$ hints at the interesting role of supernovae, CRs, and magnetic fields in facilitating the escape (and/or the lack) of LyC photons.


The recent rise of professional sporting and health clubs in Taiwan indicates a general need for the popular recreational market. It has become a propeller for business operators to improve and elevate competitiveness by satisfying customers with their needs. Taiwan's health club industry has a history of twenty years. In terms of management concept and business models, however, there have been differences among the business operators. The two leading brands of Taiwan's recreational and health industry, Youth Camp Health Group and Alexander Health Club, encountered financial difficulties and thus forced to close down in 2005 and 2007, respectively, causing a dramatic change in the industry. Costumer satisfaction regarding provided services and facilities is highly related to customer's will to continue membership. That is, the lower satisfaction on services and facilities, the lower customer returning rate. Based on this concept, this research is to analyze the relationship between health club customer's perceived value and customer satisfaction. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the research shows that customer's perceived value is in direct proportion with customer satisfaction, while customer choices are based on product reliability, sustainability, price rationality, entertainment quality and services. The analysis acts as a reference for recreational business operators, suggesting that they keep an eye on the shifts and changes of customer perceived value and proceed to a better marketing strategy that meets customer needs. With an efficient marketing strategy and high customer satisfaction, an increase of customer returning rate will take place.


The characteristics and structure of a new type of 2BLZ - 2 ridge-rolling precision seed drill which was one of the series of equipment suitable for new tillage system in the semi-arid area were presented. The determination of parameters on main parts was reported in detail. When the seeder sowed seeds on the ridge, two disks coulter ahead of machine were used to cut stubbles or leaves of corn, and increased the seeding precision on the ridge. The depth of drilling was more consistent by using new finder-driver wheel instead of traditional ground-engaging. A little of soil distribution and narrow furrow were brought by the double-disk opener and led to the low soil moisture loss. The adjustable packer was designed, and its pressure could be adjusted by spring according to the soil moisture content. The field experiments showed that criterion of operation of seeder could be fit for agronomy demand.


GDP is playing an important role in reflecting economic development and social welfare,but GDP cannot include indexes of social welfare completely. So a comprehensive evaluation of the welfare level is needed.The paper referenced related research about social welfare,and constructed the indicator system of urban residents' welfare level.Then it assessed the present welfare of urban residents in Liaoning from the time sequence(2000-2008),in order to seek the key influencing factors of welfare level,and to provide scientific basis for improving residents' welfare level.


Abstract. The ever increasing demand for bandwidth of computer-systems lead to several standards of SDRAMs. This article compares SDR, DDRI, DDRII, and RDRAM systems. Besides the overall basic innovations, differences will be discussed. Topics like architecture, interfaces, and modules are described.


A radiation model of millimeter wave antenna is established in this paper. The electromagnetic field distribution on the seeker antenna is calculated in MMWSS based on PO method. According the numerical results, when target is in the near-field of antenna, the characteristic of echo amplitude has an obvious effect of multi-scattering points effect.


This assessment was undertaken in the context of a World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) exercise for the Republic of Belarus in November 2004 which covered, inter alia, the core principles for systemically important payment systems. This assessment covers the Belarus Interbank Settlement System (BISS), providing real-time gross settlement facilities for transactions in Belarusian rubel (BYR). The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus (NBRB) has conducted a formal self-assessment of BISS's observance of the core principles. This assessment was made available to the mission, together with a document entitled- concept document for the development of the national payment system of the Republic of Belarus until 2010 with an account for global trends. The paper gives general information on Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) service of the Republic of Belarus; functioning of the BISS; main findings; and recommended actions and authorities' response to assessment.


220 Background: OMP-59R5, a fully human IgG2 antibody, inhibits signaling of Notch2 and 3 receptors. Tumor regression was seen in Notch3 expressing patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts when OMP-59R5 was combined with Nab-P+Gem. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of single agent OMP-59R5 was 7.5 mg/kg every other week (Smith, EORTC 2012); the main dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was grade 3 diarrhea. This study is to determine the MTD, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and preliminary efficacy of OMP-59R5 in combination with Nab-P+Gem in mPC. Methods: Cohorts of 3 to 6 pts were treated at each dose level of OMP-59R5. OMP-59R5 is given intravenously every other week (days 1 and 15) with GEM 1,000 mg/m2 alone (first two cohorts) or nab-P 125 mg/m2 and GEM 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle. Results: By August 30, 2013, 24 pts were treated. No DLTs have occurred. Frequently reported (≥10%) OMP-59R5 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were: diarrhea (44%), fatigue (44%), a...


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Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has traditionally been carried out at microwave frequencies between 9 and 10 GHz (X–band) and magnetic fields around 0.3 T. In the last twenty years, however, a strong trend has evolved to expand the range of microwave frequency and magnetic field to higher values. The origin of this development lies in the fact that high field / high frequency EPR offers several great advantages when compared to conventional X–band EPR. The most important of these advantages are the increased spectral resolution, a gain in sensitivity for samples of limited size or quantity, the accessibility of zero–field fine structure transitions that are 'EPR–silent' at lower frequencies and the sensitivity to different motional frequency regimes. In the course of the work presented here, a spectrometer operating at a frequency of 360 GHz and at magnetic fields up to 14 T was built up. In conjunction with the existing X–band (9.5 GHz) and W–band (95 GHz) spectrometers this considerably expands the scope of measurement frequencies accessible in our workgroup. As has become obvious already from the experiences gained from the extension to W–band spectroscopy, performing EPR experiments at multiple frequencies provides a better insight into physical and chemical processes than can be achieved by observations at a single frequency only. Considering the limited number of working spectrometers, it is easily understandable that so far no single best way of dealing with the technical problems encountered when working with frequencies above 200 GHz has evolved. With the strong focus of our workgroup on the elucidation of the structure and functioning principles of bioorganic systems it was of particular interest to see whether the chosen spectrometer configuration would provide a sufficiently high sensitivity and resolution to observe well resolved spectra of paramagnetic biomolecules. One of the goals of this work therefore was to characterize the performance of the spectrometer and to get a better idea about which parts should be optimized. This thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 3 will give a motivation for the extension of EPR to higher microwave frequencies and magnetic fields. In chapter 4, an overview of the theory of Gaussian optics will be given to the extent needed to describe the resonator and transmission line of the spectrometer. The experimental setup of the spectrometer will then be described, followed by the description of the numerical simulation routines developed for the interpretation of the observed spectra. Subsequently, the first experimental results obtained with the spectrometer will be presented. In a final discussion, the main results will be summed up and the most imminent future projects will be plotted out.


This study was conducted to investigate the factors of one foot balancing and beam− walking in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). There were 181 subjects with ID (male, 126; female, 55; 14 persons with autism; 22 with Down's Syndrome (DS)). One foot balancing was measured with eyes open and with eyes closed. In the beam−walking test, the subjects were asked to walk on five types of beam 3 meters in length. A stepwise mul-tiple regression analysis was used to analyze the results. The dependent variables were the one foot balancing score (sec) with eyes open and with eyes closed and the beam−walking score (from 0 to 5), and the independents were sex, age, height (cm), weight (kg), IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. The results were as follows: (1) The one foot balancing with eyes open only related to IQ. Persons with a higher IQ showed a higher score in all the three balance tests than those with a lower IQ. The one foot balancing with eyes closed correlated with IQ and presence/absence of autism. Autistic subjects stood longer than persons with other IDs. The beam walking correlated with IQ, presence/absence of autism, and presence/absence of DS. Autistic subjects attained a higher score than subjects with other IDs, and DS subjects had lower scores. These char-acteristics of balance in subjects with ID are discussed in terms of executive function, motor dysfunction, and compensatory strategies.


Copolar ratios and phases in backscattering from Beaufort Sea ice at 23 cm wavelength (L-band) vary with apparent ice thickness. Specifically, copolar ratios for multiyear and apparently thick first-year ice agree with those expected for Bragg scattering from an effectively infinitely thick slab with small surface roughness (relative to the radiation wavelength). Copolar phases for multiyear ice cluster tightly around one value, which was taken as a reference value (early data were not phase-calibrated). Copolar phases for apparently thick first-year ice cluster around the same reference value, but are slightly more variable. Both ratios and phases for lead ice, however, display large departures from thick ice values. A scattering model proposed to explain those variations predicts approximately equal likelihoods for copolar phases greater than and less than the reference value. The Beaufort Sea data, however, show negative copolar phase values (i.e., values below the reference value) in all but one case. While this may be because all leads imaged in the data set were of similar ages, the paucity of positive copolar phases was a significant gap in observational support for the theory. The author presents new data from the Shuttle Imaging Radar-C (SIRC) mission during October 1994 showing leads in the northern Weddell Sea. As in the Beaufort, essentially no surface observations are available, but conventional SAR imagery suggests the presence of lead ice of at least two distinct ages in close proximity in the Weddell scene. Ice regions in the two categories show spatially coherent, but quite different, polarimetric signatures at L-band, including copolar phases larger than neighbouring thicker ice in one case and smaller in the other. The copolar phase also varies between regions. The author presents a quantitative analysis of the observations and a comparison with theory. The author concludes with an assessment of the possibility of estimating lead ice thickness directly from snapshot and time-sequential L-band polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery.


The dynamic variables and static variables are weakly coupled in dynamic optimal power flow problem. In this paper, the root cause of decomposed primal-dual interior point method is analyzed. The decoupling strategy is applied to solve linear equations in predictor-corrector interior point method, and a decomposed predictor-corrector interior point method is proposed. Moreover, considering the feature of constant term in linear equation, a synchronous iteration strategy for grouped variables is also proposed to predict and correct dynamic variables and static variables synchronously. By taking advantage of decoupling strategy and synchronous iteration strategy, the efficiency of solving dynamic optimal power flow problem is improved. Simulations on standard systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


By in-depth understanding of the connotation of nursing and correct recognizing of the value of nursing profession, the paper proposes the humanistic spirit as the professional faith to satisfy the need of nursing service with the people as fundament and to develop nursing profession. After analyzing the factors influencing the exerting of humanistic spirit, the paper brings forward four effective strategies to coruscate nursing professional humanistic spirit: strengthening the integration of humanistic administration; inspiriting the emotion of nursing occupational morality, constructing the harmoniousness of nursing environments and promoting the inner-conversion of humanistic knowledge.


This study investigated, in the form of an experiment, the leakage of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) after dural puncture, and standardized the type of needle and manner of puncture, in order to make a direct comparison between males and females. Spinal anesthesia, which is carried out through dural puncture, was developed in 1800, and soon after, one of its side effects, postdural puncture headache (PDPH) was identified. PDPH was found to be the consequence of the loss of CSF. After the loss of CSF was identified like the main cause od PDPH, several pieces of research were carried out with the aim of minimizing the loss of CSF. The diameter of the needle was reduced, and the way of introducing it was changed. Studies also indentified a higher incidence of PDPH in females. In this study, we developed a dural sac model made of acrylic with a height of 40 centimeters (cm) and total volume of 170 mililiters (ml) and a dural attachment, mimicking an in vivo scnerario. The dura mater fragment was attached in cephalocaudal direction, maintaining the anatomical orientation of the tissue, they were perforated by a 27G Quincke needle. Saline solution 0.9% was used, which resembles CSF composition, the liquid volume was kept the same by replacement of each 10 minutes analyzed, with the total of 60 minutes. Comparing the total volume of liquid outflow by gender, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.029) the liquid outflow was higher using female-derived dura mater fragments than male-derived fragments, the results of the male sample demonstrated total median volume of 10ml (1,7ml = P25; P75 = 18,7ml) and female samples demonstrated a total median volume of 33,8ml (6,2ml = P25; P75 = 83ml). We conclude that exists inside dura structure, a mechanical component, which gradually reduces the loss of liquid and pieces of dura extends as a partial plug from the wall of the puncture site into the lumen, which is also filled with debris.


The Great Han Empire was to establish the public education system based on the history and traditions. The government established Gwanrip~Sohakgyo (官立小學校) and supported the establishment of a Public and Private~Sohakgyo(公立·私立小學校) through Heunghak policy(興學). People had established a public and private elementary school. The first half of the Empire, Public~Sohakgyos were built about 100 schools. In 1905, Public~Sohakgyos which were the government had paid subsidies were 52 schools. And Public~Sohakgyos which were local volunteers had paid subsidies under the Heunghak policy were 27 ~ 36 schools. People were trying to succeed the spirit of Heunghak Which was focus on education. And peaple were trying to overcome the limitations of Heunghak policy Which was depended on local officer and volunteers. People were trying to conduct educational autonomy. Japanese Tonggambu(統監府) propagated education expansion but they closed down the sohakgyo or transformed Sohakgyo into Botonghakgyo(普通學校). Koreans were resistance to the Japanese. They had built Private~Sohakgyos and pursued educational autonomy. Japanese Tonggambu suppressed private schools and educational autonomy in many ways.


In the light of safe mining evaluations for the first mining district which is cut by fault F 8 in the thirteenth mining level in Zhaogezhuang Coal Mine, Kailuan, this paper adopts such methodology as measured ground stress, traditional and special rheological rock mechanics experiments, and three dimensional visual numeric modeling using FLAC 3D and discusses deeply their weak effect mechanisms for fanlt F 8, controlling factors, and presents a new concept of the time weak effect of fault materials under coal bed. The concept develops and enriches basic theory of water bursting in coal mine. In the last, different safe mining schemes for the first mining district at the thirteenth level in Zhaogezhuang Mine have been predicted and evaluated.


Enzyme activity was analyzed by MBTH methods.According to the results,enzyme activity analyzing system was determined.The enzyme activity of recombinant protein is higher than that of in Klebsiella pneumonia.In addition,none of the subunits had activity. The results will play an important role in enzyme activity research.


In this work we list families of classical Hamiltonians in two degrees of freedom in which the Normal Variational Equation around an invariant plane is of Hill-Schrödinger type with polynomial coefficient. We analyze the integrability of Normal Variational Equation in Liouvillian sense using the Kovacic's algorithm. We compute all Galois groups of Hill-Schrödinger type equations with polynomial potential. We obtain Galoisian obstructions to existence of a rational first integral of the original hamiltonian via Morales-Ramis theory. AMS (MOS) Subject Classification. 37J30.


A description of the operation requirements and economic factors which confront the low-cost user of long range navigation/positioning systems serves as an introduction to the comparison of satellite, Omega, Decca, and Loran-C usage in the non-military area. Three categories of users are described--the direct user who desires to know his location, the analytic user who desires a documented record of his unit's track, and the controller who desires the location of other units. The four systems are then compared with respect to those considerations which are of importance from the user's viewpoint. Loran-C is selected as the system which best meets the user requirements. The manner in which Loran-C can be utilized with a description of industrial and governmental tasks concludes the paper.


Corticosteroids are hormones that naturally produced by the human body through the adrenal gland. Cortisone hormones play a role in regulating blood sugar, protein, fat, the body's defense system and bone formation. Corticosteroid drugs are commonly used for anti-inflammatory, pruritic, dermatological, rheumatologic, pulmonary, hematological, ophthalmological, immunological, and gastrointestinal, called glucocorticoids. Long-term therapy with corticosteroids can cause severe side effects if given in high doses. The aim of this study was identification of the level of knowledge and attitude in corticosteroid use, especially in pharmacy students. This type of research was cross-sectional which aims to see the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable in Samarinda. This research was conducted in 2019 by conducting a questionnaire survey test using Google Form. Data analysis in the form of bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney test with SPSS Statistic 23 software program. Respondents who participated in this research amounted to 118 people with ages ranging from 17 to 25 years. In this research shows that pharmacy students have a fairly good knowledge of corticosteroids with the majority of the percentage of correct answers ≥72%. The results of the analysis obtained p value 0.008 (p <0.005) and obtained r value 2.7. There is a significant influence between knowledge of corticosteroids on their attitude using corticosteroids and showing good knowledge has the potential of 2.7 times to have a good attitude.


Unlike studies of Asian, Hispanic, Indian, and white panethnicity, systematic research on black panethnicity is lacking. To fill this lacuna, this study examines the origins of black panethnicity in colonial America and follows its evolution through U.S. historical periods. Comparative-historical methods are used to assess the creation and development of black panethnicity and to compare it with other types of panethnicity. The analysis focuses on two periods of black panethnicity. In the first stage, black panethnicity emerged from the racialization of black Africans during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and the black slavery era. The second stage revealed how black panethnicity evolved during the historical periods of Reconstruction, Jim Crow, and Civil Rights. The similarities and differences between black panethnicity and panethnicities of other groups are also discussed.


Terminal bud set can be prevented by interrupting night with short pulses of light when the natural photoperiod is too short to maintain growth. Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings originating from 61°N and 64°N were grown in growth chambers under conditions that mimic growth conditions in a heated greenhouse in early spring in Finland (experiment 1) or under constant growth conditions (experiment 2). The seedlings were exposed to the following night interruption (NI) treatments using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that generated red (R, peak at 660 nm) and far-red (FR, peak at 735 nm) wavelengths in 20 s pulses at 15 min intervals: (i) red light alone (R); (ii) R combined with FR (R + FR); and (iii) control (no NI treatment). The R + FR treatment was more effective in preventing terminal bud set than the R treatment. Seedling responses depended on the provenance and growth conditions. The R treatment reduced the proportion of seedlings with terminal buds in the 61°N seedlings and delayed bud set in the 64°N seedlings. The fluctuating growth conditions or longer dark period between the photoperiod and NI treatments reduced the efficiency of the R + FR treatment. A combination of R and FR LEDs with adequate light intensity and duration is suitable for intermittent NI treatment in Norway spruce seedlings.


A recent case of Fournier's gangrene is reported, which had a dramatic onset and progression. The highly satisfactory reconstruction of the scrotum and covering of the penile shaft are described.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates obtained from patients suffering from peptic ulcer disease in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, and to propose a novel anti-H. pylori therapy strategy for use in these locations. Methodology: A total of 132 H. pylori from the patients suffering with peptic ulcer disease were reported for clinical treatment in institutions in the twin Cities that provide tertiary care. Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, amoxycillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline were tested on the isolates to determine their levels of susceptibility to these drugs. The Epsilometer test, often known as the E-test, is a quantitative disc diffusion method that is used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. This test was utilised for the purpose of verifying isolates. Results: The overall rate of resistance among H. pylori was found to be 27.9% for amoxycillin, 38.9% for clarithromycin, and 73.6% for metronidazole. 47 out of 132 isolates exhibited multiple drug resistance, with metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxycillin showing the highest frequency of two, three, and four drug resistance patterns. Ciprofloxacin had a low level of tetracycline resistance, ranging from 1.2 to 4%, whereas metronidazole resistance was substantial. In the population of Pakistan, the frequency of H. pylori resistance to metronidazole is quite high, whereas it is moderate in response to clarithromycin and amoxycillin, and low in response to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. The rates of resistance to clarithromycin and amoxycilin were higher in Rawalpindi than they were in Islamabad. It is imperative, for the sake of the public's health, that Pakistan make an adjustment to its policy regarding antibiotics, one that will permit the use of antibiotic rotation in the treatment of H. pylori. Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Helicobacter pylori, antibiotic susceptibility.


The problems in family business focus more on the issues of leadership and ownership transfer. Therefore, it is essential to carry out a specific survey on the process associated with intergenerational knowledge transfer between entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intentions for future next generation. This study examines and analyses the effect of entrepreneurship education in families on self-efficacy and to test its impact on entrepreneurial intentions on future generations. According to the study's findings, entrepreneurship education has a major impact on entrepreneurial intentions self-efficacy. The resulting implication is that entrepreneurship education ought to be started and advanced in the family setting, with knowledge being transferred to the next generation by their predecessors. Further, it can foster awareness of the coming generations to amplify their abilities and interests. This is an explanatory research with a quantitative approach and a sample population, which consists of 1455 family businesses in the Makassar city, with a total sample of 150 running for at least two generations. The results show that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. The implication of this finding shows that entrepreneurship education needs to be started and developed in the family environment, with the transfer of knowledge from the predecessor to the next generation. It also has the ability to foster awareness of future generations to increase their interests and abilities.


In the original article, two references were not cited. These are as follows: 20. Marshman RJ, Mazumdar A, Bose S. Locality and entanglement in table-top testing of the quantum nature of linearized gravity. Phys Rev A (Coll Park) (2020) 101: 052110. doi:10.1103/physreva.101.052110 21. Bose S, Mazumdar A, Schut M, Toros M. Mechanism for the quantum natured gravitons to entangle masses. Phys Rev D (2022) 105:106028. doi:10.1103/ physrevd.105.106028 The citations appearing as Ref. [20] and Ref. [21] in the reference list, respectively) have now been inserted in Section 4: Entanglement dynamics in the density matrix formalism. Additionally, there was amistake in the original article relating to a reference (i.e., Ref. [18] in the original article) which has now beenwithdrawn from arXiv. Previously this was listed as: 18. Lokare Y. A complete analysis of spin coherence in the full-loop stern-gerlach interferometer using non-squeezed and squeezed coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator (2021). The original article referenced and discussed results appearing in Ref. [18]. Section 5, Paragraphs 1-6 and equations 22-26 have now been removed and the section rewritten. This section now reads: "In principle, it is possible to realize full-loop Stern-Gerlach interferometers using pure Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). A possible arrangement is to have a BEC initially confined within a harmonic trap, which is then released and probed in a Stern-Gerlach interferometric setup. To this end, we consider one such case, as proposed and/or analyzed in Ref. [22]. We work under the crude assumption that interactions between OPEN ACCESS


A balanced, but piercing analysis of the nuclear freeze movement, Garfinkle's book traces the origins and institutional development of the freeze movement as well as the sources of opposition to it, shedding new light on its intellectual and historical roots in contemporary American politics. From its inception in 1979, through the passage of the freeze resolution by the House of Representatives in 1983, to its role in 1984 presidential election politics, the story of the freeze is woven into a chronicle of US foreign and defense policy. The highly emotional character of the freeze movement, the religious and ethical dimensions of the current debate, and the mobilization of professional groups for and against the freeze are treated in depth. Readers across the political spectrum will find this volume an essential guide to one of the most controversial issues of our time.


Objective To determine the effect of propofol on calcium homeostasis mitochondria in rabbit cardiac muscle subjected to ischemia reperfusion under the protection of cardioplegic solution Methods Twenty four healthy New Zealand white rabbits weighing 1 9 2 2kg were randomly divided into four equal groups of six rabbits each: control group(C);ischemia group(I); low concentration propofol +ischemia(LP) and high concentration propofol +ischemia(HP) The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal thiopental 25mg/kg and heparinized Chest was quickly opened and heart excised and connected to Langgendorff preparation The isolated heart was passively perfused via aorta In group LP and HP the perfusate contained propofol 50μmol/L and 200μmol/L respectively When the developed pressure of left ventricle and heat rate were stabilized (about 20 min after perfusion was stared),in group C perfusion was continued for another 90 min at normothermia (37℃±0 2℃)and 7 84kPa perfusion pressure In group I, LP and HP perfusion was stopped and cardiac arrest was induced by 20ml high potassium cardioplegic solution (4℃)and heart was immersed in 8℃ 14℃ normal saline Cardioplegic solution was perfused every 20min After 60 min cardiac arrest the heart was reperfused for another 30min The heart was then removed and immediately kept in 0℃ hemogeneous medium A slice of cardiac muscle was taken from apex of the heart Mitochondrial structure was observed using electron microscope Mitochondrial matrix calcium concentration, mitochondrial calcium uptake in high calcium enviroment (2 5 mmol/L CaCl 2 was added ) and calcium release (when sodium ion was added) were determined Results Propofol at concentration of either 50μmol/L or 200μmol/L had no effect on mitochondrial calcium homeostasis after ischemia reperfusion The damage to mitochondrial structure in propofol groups was milder than that in ischemia group Conclusions Propofol at clinical concentration can relieve the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening at reperfusion stage The mechanism is not through inhibition of mitochondrial calcium overload, probably a result of diminished oxidative stress


[Objective] To compute the intraclass correlation coefficient and sample size of cluster randomized trials for dichotmous variables.[Methods] Monte Carlo simulations were adopted to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient by a SAS macro.The sample size was calculated on the base of the estimated intraclass correlation coefficient.[Results] With the macro,we can directly produce the results of intraclass correlation coefficient and sample size to the Word.[Conclusion] When the intraclass correlation coefficient is unknow,the macro is a convenient tool for the calculation of sample size.


Quantum key distribution (QKD) can be used to generate secret keys between two distant parties. Even though QKD has been proven unconditionally secure against eavesdroppers with unlimited computation power, practical implementations of QKD may contain loopholes that may lead to the generated secret keys being compromised. In this paper, we propose a phase-remapping attack targeting two practical bidirectional QKD systems (the 'plug-and-play' system and the Sagnac system). We showed that if the users of the systems are unaware of our attack, the final key shared between them can be compromised in some situations. Specifically, we showed that, in the case of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol with ideal single-photon sources, when the quantum bit error rate (QBER) is between 14.6% and 20%, our attack renders the final key insecure, whereas the same range of QBER values has been proved secure if the two users are unaware of our attack; also, we demonstrated three situations with realistic devices where positive key rates are obtained without the consideration of Trojan horse attacks but in fact no key can be distilled. We remark that our attack is feasible with only current technology. Therefore, it is very important to be aware of our attackmore » in order to ensure absolute security. In finding our attack, we minimize the QBER over individual measurements described by a general POVM, which has some similarity with the standard quantum state discrimination problem.« less


In this paper,the sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained for the existence of a bounded inverse operator for a linear operator appearing in the linear- quadratic optimal control problems in a Hilbert space and having a matrix representa- tion of the following form ■ where F_3,F_5 are self-adjoint operators,the effectiveness of this result has been shown on several test examples.


The study sought to examine the effect of lexical aspect and narrative discourse structure on the pattern of acquisition and use of English verbal morphology exhibited by creole-speaking students. Findings indicated that the emergent pattern of morphology in the creole participants' written interlanguage appeared to be influenced not only by lexical aspect and narrative discourse, but also by a conglomerate of other factors such as the morphosyntactic features of the creoles, the blurring of the distinction between the linguistic system of English-based creoles and that of the standard English varieties, and the constant bidirectional shifting between the creoles and the standard varieties along the creole continuum, as well as the structure of narrative discourse in creole cultures.


This research intet to indentify how a space to incentivate the movement can be constituted and used to contribute to the integral development of babies in daycare center environment. Moreover it has intented to observe the relevance of the Physical Education teacher in Early Childhood Education.


A 66-year-old man received carbamazepine 100 mg twice daily for trigeminal neuralgia.On day 10 of therapy,he developed generalized skin rash with pruritus and tenderness.Five days later,his symptoms progressed to ulceration and erosion involving his eyelids,nasal cavity,lips and oral mucosa,along with diffuse maculopapular rash was on his trunk and limbs,and a positive Nikolsky's sign.Drug-induced bullosa epidermolysis was diagnosed.Carbamazepine was discontinued.He was treated with methylprednisolone,human immunoglobulin,human serum albumin,azithromycin and cyclophosphamide.Ten days later,his rash basically subsided.


Binding of the phosphate, tris-(hydroxymethyl)-methylamine, aminomethylpropanediol, and glycinemethylester buffers by cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACl) in aqueous solutions has been probed by investigating: (1) the dependence of the buffer pH (starting pH 7.9) on [CTACl], and (2) the micellar effect on the kinetics of dephosphorylation of p-nitrophenyldiphenylphosphate (PNDPP) by the anion of isonitrosoacetylacetone (INAA) in CTACl solutions in the presence of the same buffers. The pH–[CTACl] profiles showed a marked dependence on the buffer employed and the coion, Y−, of its acidic component, . The sizeable pH decrease observed with phosphate buffer (0.43 pH units for [Buffer] = 10−2 M at [CTACl] = 2 × 10−2 M) indicates that both buffer components, namely and , exchange with the surfactant counterion, Cl−. This ion exchange occurs at the expense of the nucleophile (anion of INAA)–Cl− counterpart. Indeed, the micellar acceleration of the phosphate-buffered reaction is the smallest, kmax/kw = 410 (kmax and kw are the maximum pseudo first-order rate constants in buffered micellar solutions and bulk water, respectively). Although CTACl micelles do not seem to incorporate the neutral component of amino buffers, the pH–[CTACl] profiles were found to depend on the nature in Y− (F−, Cl− or AcO−). The micellar accelerations (kmax/kw ≈ 600), however, were not strongly altered by a change in the buffer coion, except where Y− = F−. In the interfacial region, the partially desolvated fluoride ion behaves as a nucleophile, competing with INAA anion for the dephosphorylation of PNDPP. The rate–[surfactant] profiles were interpreted in terms of the pseudophase ion-exchange model, as applied to a reaction scheme involving competitive exchanges of the oximate and Y− for the surfactant counterion. The second-order rate constant of the micelle-mediated reaction, smaller (ca one-third) than that in bulk aqueous solution, is discussed in terms of the properties (ionic strength and microscopic polarity) of interfacial water. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


With the development of information technology, the electric power system has gradually entered a new stage. And the security problem of electric power system has become an important research filed. In this paper, we applied wavelet technology and digital watermarking algorithm to improve the security level of the electric power system. This two technologies can complete sensitive information hidden in the electric power system. As a result, the important data information can be protected in the process of transmission.


In the present study a 2-D channel flow is controlled. The goal of the control algorithm is to reduce the turbulent kinetic energy. The flow field is described by the Orr-Sommerfeld equation in v − η formulation. A Riccati controller was designed to achieve the turbulent kinetic energy reduction. In addition, an observer was designed to estimate those states that could not be measured. The composition of Riccati controller and Riccati observer is called compensator.


The tomato is a crop of worldwide importance for its contribution in labor, economy and food quality. These characteristics require a continuous search for technologies that contribute to improving fruit yield and quality. In this study, the effect of bioregulators on foliar parameters, nutrient content, yield and fruit quality was evaluated in hybrid saladette tomato "Raptor-F1" at the UAAAN, Saltillo, Coahuila, during April-august 2015, under greenhouse conditions. When the plants showed floral primordia, a first foliar application was made with manual spray at the dew point of the treatments: control (water), P-Ca (50 mg L), AG4/7 (50 mg L ), AG4/7 (100 mg L ), 6-BAP (50 mg L), 6-BAP (100 mg L), AG4/7 (50 mg L )+6-BAP (50 mg L) and AG4/7 (100 mg L)+6-BAP (100 mg L) and 15 days later, a second application of the same doses was performed. A completely randomized statistical design with ten repetitions per treatment was established. The results were analyzed using the DMS test (p≤ 0.05). P-Ca and 6-BAP at 50 mg L 1 did not modify the foliar parameters and yield per plant; however, they increased the level of potassium in leaves and nitrogen and calcium in fruits. 6-BAP at 50 mg L increased the fresh and dry matter, while when combined with gibberellin AG4/7 at 100 mg L -1 increased the vitamin C and lycopene content in fruits. It is concluded that the individual or combined concentrations of P-Ca, AG4/7 and 6-BAP, favor the quality of hybrid tomato "Raptor-F1" saladette in the greenhouse.


The bacteriophage T4 region located between map position 128.3 and 130.3 is of special interest since it contains the early gene 31 encoding a gene product (gp) essential for proper capsid assembly (1 3 ) . In the absence of gp31 the major capsid protein gp23 assembles into 'lumps' representing some sort of inclusion bodies as they are often revealed when trying to express cloned eukaryotic genes in E. coli cells. In the upstream region of the 1906-bp EcoRI-PstI fragment containing gene 31 that was cloned and sequenced earlier (4), we found two short open reading frames which we called orf A (78 amino acids long) and orf B (102 amino acids long). Downstream of gene 31 we also found two unknown reading frames, orf C (78 amino acids long) and orf D (97 amino acids long). We subsequently subcloned all reading frames of this fragment into plasmids under the control of the phage T7 promoter. While reading frames A, B and gene 31 gave rise to high-level expression in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) containing the T7 RNA polymerase gene on its genome (5), the products of reading frames C and D appeared to be very toxic to the same cells.


1H 0323+342 was one of the first vRLNLSy1 galaxies detected at gamma-rays with the Fermi-LAT and is one of the brightest of this class observed at optical wavelengths. We report the results of monitoring the optical flux, polarization and the gamma-ray flux of 1H 0323+342 during the past ~5 years. In some cases, the optical flux has been monitored on timescales as short as ~minutes simultaneously with two telescopes, demonstrating, for the first time, the reality of microvariability events with durations as short as ~15 min for this object.


Objective: This paper emphasizes the importance of isolating individual invention from organizational inventors such as private companies or universities. It is an explorative study of the cross-county levels of individual patenting as an indicator of innovative capacity. Innovative capacity at the national level is linked to economic development. Thus, we investigate the relationship between different types of patent applications and GDP per capita in a sample of developed and developing economies. Research Design & Methods: We screened 600,000 Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications for three years (2013-2015) using a unique selection procedure able to separate different types of filings. Findings: Countries with higher levels of individual patenting tend to have lower levels of economic development. Economic progress is driven by corporate or other forms of organizational inventors and their inventions have a better chance of transitioning into innovation. At the macro level, individual patenting vis-à-vis patents filed by organizations reflects unutilized innovative potential rather than innovative output. Contribution & Value Added: For the first time we demonstrate that high levels of individual patenting are more characteristic of developing rather than developed economies. The percentage of individual patent applications is an important indicator of national innovative capacity. Article type: research paper


This paper studies the geography of wealth transfers during the 2008 global financial crisis. We construct valuation changes on bilateral external positions in equity, direct investment and portfolio debt at the height of the crisis to map who benefited and who lost on their external exposure. We find a very diverse set of fortunes governed by the structure of countries' external portfolios. In particular, we are able to relate the gains and losses on debt portfolios to the country's exposure to ABCP conduits and the extent of dollar shortage.


As a pesantren based campus,University Of Darussalam Gontor requires their student to memorize Al-Qur'an as part of learning activities. However, the facts shows the level of memorization of students has not been able to achieve the target. This media aims to help students improve the quality of memorizing Al-Qur'an with practical features in a mobile application. This media uses the takrar method which has been used since the time of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. The takrar method is used by repeating the reading 40 times each sentences. This media based on mobile android application and created using waterfall model. Testing is done in two ways, the suitability of the application with an Android devices that shows the suitability of a device measuring at least 5 inches, and the distribution of questionnaires to the examiner or Muhafidz resulted in the suitability of the functions and materials as much as 93%, and the average value of students as much as 97.3% in terms of ease of use. The results of the questionnaire indicate the suitability of the media to the user needs.


Virtual oscillator control (VOC) is a nonlinear time domain controller that achieves significantly faster primary control response in islanded microgrids, compared to droop or virtual synchronous machine (VSM) control. Despite its superior performance, adoption of VOC is limited due to the lack of compatible secondary regulation or grid synchronization techniques. This is attributed to the nonlinear nature of VOC that complicates secondary control design, and the third-harmonic component in VOC output voltage that severely restricts grid-tied operation. To leverage the faster primary control response characteristics of VOC, we propose a compatible hierarchical control structure that enables operation and seamless transition between islanded and grid-connected modes. In the islanded mode, the controller achieves voltage and frequency regulation and grid synchronization; in the grid-tied mode, notch filters are used to suppress harmonic currents and tertiary level power reference tracking is achieved. The proposed controllers are validated through a series of real-time hardware-in-the-loop tests and hardware experiments using laboratory inverter prototype and state-of-the-art controls and communications hardware.


Bank collapse would cause serious damage to levee structures,so it is very important to carry out research on levee bank collapse treatment.In this paper,the sources of bank collapse and the general measures for its treatment were reviewed.Some new engineering measures,new materials and new construction methods were introduced.All these had been firstly adopted at the three pilot projects in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.In the practice of design and implementation of the three projects,it was proved that the key point for the new treatment was to connect the framed beams anchoring piles above the water level with the cellular fabric forms filled with sand below the water level by means of an anchoring ditch.The critical point was the design of blind drainage system and stability for the strctures as a whole.The measure of riprap placed above geotextile,which worked well in the projects in the Yangtze River,was an improvement of the traditional method of riprap.A new method of filling cellular fabric forms above the water level and pulling them into water was employed with full success.The achievements and experiences gained from the three pilot projects were proved to be effective and worthy for levee bank collapse treatment.


An expandable stent having a plurality of circumferential rings (13), each pair of adjacent circumferential rings being interconnected by a multiplicity of links (12), each link contacting a portion of a strut in one ring along one longitudinal axis and a portion of a strut in a directly adjacent ring along a different longitudinal axis. Each link is circumferentially S-shaped and adjacent links are mirror images of each other.


The mechanical aspect is particularly important for understanding the grain boundary behaviour during plastic deformation or recrystallization, both processes involving interactions between planar and linear defects. Two types of mechanical approaches of the grain boundary description exist: • The continuous Frank [1] and Bilby [2] approach describes any interface as a surface dislocation characterized by a Burgers vector density or by a second order surface dislocation tensor. This approach is analogous to the elegant theory developed later by Kröner to account for the stresses, the energies and the curvatures introduced in a material under internal stress sources [3, 4]. • The discrete approach of Bollmann [5, 6] considers the presence of dislocations in the centres of the disturbed regions between the good crystalline regions. It generalizes at any grain boundary the first description of an intergranular order proposed by Read and Shockley [7]. It rests on the symmetry notions introduced in Sect. 1.2.


Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (695 aa, ~78 kDa) is encoded by the human FSHR gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of hormone binding and signaling and the mediation of both gonad development and gamete differentiation.


Training images with data transformations have been suggested as contrastive examples to complement the testing set for generalization performance evaluation of deep neural networks (DNNs). In this work, we propose a practical framework ContRE (The word"contre"means"against"or"versus"in French.) that uses Contrastive examples for DNN geneRalization performance Estimation. Specifically, ContRE follows the assumption in contrastive learning that robust DNN models with good generalization performance are capable of extracting a consistent set of features and making consistent predictions from the same image under varying data transformations. Incorporating with a set of randomized strategies for well-designed data transformations over the training set, ContRE adopts classification errors and Fisher ratios on the generated contrastive examples to assess and analyze the generalization performance of deep models in complement with a testing set. To show the effectiveness and the efficiency of ContRE, extensive experiments have been done using various DNN models on three open source benchmark datasets with thorough ablation studies and applicability analyses. Our experiment results confirm that (1) behaviors of deep models on contrastive examples are strongly correlated to what on the testing set, and (2) ContRE is a robust measure of generalization performance complementing to the testing set in various settings.


Importance: Serological assays can help diagnose and determine the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a population. Objective: We characterized and compared 11 different lateral flow assays for their performance in diagnostic or epidemiological settings. Design, Setting, Participants: We used two cohorts to determine the speci- ficity: (i) up to 350 blood donor samples from past influenza seasons and (ii) up to 110 samples which tested PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Switzerland. The sensitivity was determined using up to 370 samples which tested PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the same time and is representative for age distribution and severity. Main Outcome: We found a single test usable for epidemiological studies in the current low-prevalence setting, all other tests showed lacking sensitivity or specificity for a usage in either epidemiological or diagnostic setting. However, orthogonal testing by combining two tests without common cross-reactivities makes testing in a low-prevalence setting feasible. Results: Nine out of the eleven tests showed specificities below 99%, only five of eleven tests showed sensitivities comparable to established ELISAs, and only one ful- filled both criteria. Contrary to previous results from lab assays, five tests measured an IgM response in >80% of the samples. We found no common cross-reactivities, which allows orthogonal testing schemes for five tests of sufficient sensitivities. Conclusions and Relevance: This study emphasizes the need for large and diverse negative cohorts when determining specificities, and for diverse and repre- sentative positive samples when determining sensitivities of lateral flow assays for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Failure to adhere to statistically relevant sample sizes or cohorts exclusively made up of hospitalised patients fails to accurately capture the performance of these assays in epidemiological settings. Our results allow a rational choice between tests for different use cases.


Evidential reasoning aims to infer hidden causes from observed effects. In the context of fault detection, it is possible to trace the cause of anomalies by combining evidential reasoning with physical knowledge. However, experts may not have full knowledge of the physical systems, and data may not be large enough to learn from scratch. We develop an online evidential reasoning algorithm that blends machine learning with expert-provided physical knowledge about causal structure and functional form. The expert first represents possible causes and effects in the structure of a Bayesian Network, then provides physics-informed priors about the model relating failure modes to effects, allowing inference in the absence of strong supervision. As data are sampled from the physical system, predictions are generated using a quasi-Bayesian mixture of the expert's judgment and a data-driven estimate. With simulated datasets, we evaluate the conditions under which the system converges to correct causal inferences under weak supervision, and small amounts of strong supervision from the expert. We find that the approach is able to make accurate inferences with little or no data unless the expert's physical model is very incorrect or the signal to noise ratio across error modes is small.


In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), the Western blot image in Fig. 4F was inadvertently taken from the results of a different experiment. The authors provided the Western blot image from the correct experiment and the error has been corrected in the latest online HTML and PDF


Vietnam has been conducting HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys on men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as other key populations since 2005. Although HIV prevalence in the Vietnamese general population remains below 1%, it is expected to be much higher among MSM. Data on HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors were collected from MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2006 (n = 397), 2009 (n = 399) and 2013 (n = 350) using respondent-driven sampling. Eligible participants were males, aged ≥15 years who reported having manual, oral, or anal sexual activity with males in the past year and lived, worked or socialized in HCMC. HIV seroprevalence among MSM was 5.8% in 2006, 16.1% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2013 and prevalence of at least one STI (syphilis, gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection) was 11.4% in 2006 and 15.6% in 2009 (no data for 2013). Significant, but small, increasing trends were found for MSM who reported ever testing and receiving results for HIV and for HIV prevalence. No significant changes for condom use, injecting and non-injecting drug use, or and receipt of free condoms were observed. Although a small percentage of MSM reported injecting drugs, HIV was positively associated with ever injecting drugs. Programs targeting MSM should include screening and treatment for injection drug use to most effectively control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among MSM in HCMC.


Effects of anions on the electrocatalyzed oxidation of formic acid at polycrystalline Pt under constant current conditions are studied by varying the electrolyte composition. A subcritical bifurcation and an apparently unique sequence of oscillatory states are observed when the supporting electrolyte is H 2SO4. Different behaviors, including a different sequence of oscillatory states, are seen when HClO 4 is used as the supporting electrolyte. Effects of increasing the overall anion "adsorption strength" are also investigated by examining changes in the dynamical response when small amounts of HCl are added to the solution containing formic acid and HClO4. When the concentration of HCl is increased beyond a small critical value, instabilities occur that are not observed when using either the HCl free HClO4 solution or the H2SO4 solution. All the stated differences are in contrast to previously reported differences in potential control experiments that were caused by switching electrolytes. The differences in the latter experiments are quantitative. They were interpreted in terms of adsorption and blockage of surface reaction sites by anions. It is argued that the results of the current control experiments imply that anions are also directly involved in the oxidation process. They affect the formation and, consequently, the reactivity of surface water, surface bonded hydroxyl radicals, and Pt oxides.


Of the remaining fifty-four cases, twenty-nine had simple obstruction, twentyfive strangulating obstruction of the small intestine. The case histories and roentgen findings are listed in Tables 1-4 (pp. 171-178), and the two groups are analyzed in separate chapters. An additional eight patients were examined for a suggested strangulating obstruction, but other conditions were revealed. These cases are briefly described in the chapter on differential diagnosis. Conventional films of the abdomen with vertical and horizontal rays were routinely taken shortly before the angiography. In several cases preoperative intravenous infusion was administered during the angiography. Vasopressor substances were not used. The operations were watched by the author, the findings noted, and photographs obtained of the operative findings in most cases. Examples of the operative findings are shown in Plates I and II, pages 167 and 169.


This paper analyzes the semantic feature modeling of new generation,consults research results of Bidarra etc,uses validity criterion,and establishes methods of feature conversion to semantic feature modeling.Based on the mathematical methods,this paper addresses the problem how to convert the design feature representation into machining feature representation in a mathe-matical model.Design features in the design domain are represented by a set of faces of each feature geometry and a set of attributes such as dimensions and material feature.Machining features in the manufacturing domain are represented by a number of faces and relationships between these faces that are meaningful for the process operations.Using a mathematical description of the feature mapping process,machining features can be deduced and formed by the set operation,and the difficult problem of feature interaction can be described mathematically and converted in theory,thus to make product model editing easier.


In this paper I discuss how the law protects freedom of religion in Australia. While as is well known there is no overarching "Bill of Rights" in operation across our country, protection of this "fundamental right" takes place, even in a fragmented way, under a number of laws. The paper discusses the protection provided by the Federal Constitution, the impact of international treaties, the effect of the common law, domestic charters in specific States, and the "balancing" provisions of discrimination legislation.


Preface to the Revised Edition Preface to the 1985 Edition Theoretical and Historical Perspectives Problems in Studying Changes in Racial Attitudes Trends in White Racial Attitudes Sources of Change in White Racial Attitudes Trends in Black Racial Attitudes Theoretical Interpretations of Changes in White Racial Attitudes Conclusion: The Complexity of Race Relations Appendix A: Locating Trend Data on Racial Attitudes Appendix B: Unstandardized Coefficients for Period/Cohort Variables from Regression Models in Chapter 4 Notes References Index


We study the peculiar motion of nonrelativistic matter in a fully covariant way. The exact nonlinear equations are derived and then applied to the case of pressure-free matter, moving relatively to a quasi-Newtonian Eulerian frame. Our two-frame formalism facilitates the study of the nonlinear kinematics of the matter, as the latter decouples from the background expansion and starts to ``turn around'' and collapse. Applied to second perturbative order, our equations provide a fully covariant formulation of the Zeldovich approximation, which by construction addresses the mildly nonlinear regime of structure formation. Employing a dynamical system approach, we show that, just like in the Newtonian case, the relativistic treatment also predicts that pancakes are the natural end structures for any generic overdensity.


To be conducted by a veterinary ophthalmologist. Abnormal changes will be recorded according to the following scale. Pupillary Light Reflex Note: Using full illumination with the slit lamp, the following scale is used to score pupillary light reflex. Score Description 0 Normal pupillary reflex. 1 Sluggish pupillary reflex. Pupil is relatively dilated with a sluggish pupillary reflex. 2 Maximally impaired (i.e., fixed) pupillary reflex. Pupil is fully dilated with no pupillary reflex. 3 Miotic pupil.


The effects of several inspired oxygen fractions (FiO2) on the blood gases, respiratory and hemodynamic parameters in mechanical ventilation hypovolemic rabbits anesthetized with continuous infusion of propofol were evaluated. A total of 50 rabbits (New Zealand), weighing 3.5±0.3kg, were divided into five groups: G100 (FiO2=1), G80 (FiO2=0.8), G60 (FiO2=0.6), G40 (FiO2=0.4) and G21 (FiO2=0.21), which received xylazine (1mg kg-1) and ketamine (15mg kg-1) intramuscularly. Exactly after 20 minutes, it was administered propofol (8mg kg-1 bolus and 0.5mg kg-1 min-1) and rocuronium (0.6mg kg-1 bolus and 0.6mg kg-1 h-1. Then, the mechanical ventilation by controlled pressure mode began. After 30 minutes, the animals underwent acute hypovolemia, withdrawing arterial blood (12mL kg-1). The parameters were measured 30 minutes after anesthetic induction (M0) and every ten minutes after exsanguination (M1-M7). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test (P<0.05). The values of PaO2, SaO2, PAO2, AaDO2 decreased as lower were the FiO2. After the induction of hypovolemia, the variables CO, MAP, PaO2, SaO2, Vt, AaDO2 decreased significantly. No change was noted in the parameters HR and PaCO2. The FiO2 of 0.8 and 1.0 proved to be the most suitable for maintaining stability, better ventilation and adequate gas exchange.


Abstract : Riboswitches are sequences of RNA that control gene expression via RNA-ligand interactions, without the need for accessory proteins. Riboswitches consist of an aptamer that recognizes the ligand and an expression platform that couples ligand binding to a change in gene expression. Using in vitro selection, it is possible to screen large (1013 member) libraries of RNA sequences to discover new aptamers. However, limitations in bacterial transformation efficiency make screening such large libraries for riboswitch function in intact cells impractical. We established that an E. coli S30 extract that couples transcription/translation is sufficient to recapitulate the function of riboswitches expressed in intact cells. We established that a family of synthetic riboswitches acts through a kinetic trapping mechanism, rather than an equilibrium mechanism. Finally, we established CIS-Select as an in vitro system to perform selections for novel synthetic riboswitches. We anticipate that with optimization, CIS-Select will enable direct selection for riboswitch activity from very large RNA libraries, while bypassing the limitations of bacterial transformation efficiency.


The purpose was to test whether a reduction of pacemaker electrode surface area below 8 mm2 improves leads that elute steroid from the electrode tip to the surrounding myocardium. A standard‐sized 8 mm2 lead with 1 mg dexamethasone was implanted in 12 patients and a lead with 4 mm2 electrode surface area and 0.5 mg dexamethasone in ten patients. Pacing threshold, impedance, and sensing threshold were measured at implantation and after 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Pacing thresholds were similar for both groups and were always ± 0.8 V at 0,5 msec pulse duration in all patients. Impedance was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the 4 mm2 lead (implantation: 726 ± 119 ohms; 1 week: 596 ± 71 ohms; 4 weeks: 624 ± 68 ohms; 12 weeks: 643 ± 56 ohms) than for the 8 mm2 lead (implantation: 422 ± 43 ohms; 1 week: 402 ± 48 ohms; 4 weeks: 439 ± 57 ohms; 12 weeks: 449 ± 61 ohms). R wave amplitudes did not differ between both groups; no sensing failure occurred at 5 mV sensitivity. Compared to the 8 mm2 lead the reduction of surface area to 4 mm2 did not influence pacing threshold, but resulted in a higher pacing impedance. The amount of pacing energy was lower in the smaller‐sized electrode. For clinical impact, low pacing threshold and high impedance leads are the condition to implant pulse generators with smaller battery capacity.


Paradichlorobenzene has been used as a fumigant for the immature stages of clothes moths in a series of experiments extending over a period of several months. It was used at the rate of 12 ounces and of 16 ounces to 100 cu. ft. The gas of Paradichlorobenzene proved toxic to the eggs, the larvae, and the pupae when confined in a tight box, trunk or closet. The immature stages were usually killed if they were subjected to the gas over a sufficient period of time. In thin, cheap, garment bags the gas did not prove very effective against the larvae. In the heavier, vapor-proof paper bags the larvae were killed.


A precise closed form analytic expression is developed for the radiation into a fluid from a point excited plate periodically supported by two different types of translational impedances with differing periodicities. This technique fully includes the effects of fluid loading and all mutual interactions between supports. Characteristics of the radiation field are examined by example and some physical interpretation of significant features are offered.


The Lizu (or Lüzu) language (/EPli-zu-hu/ or /EPly-zu-hu/) is spoken by approximately 7000 people who reside along the banks of the Yalong (雅 砻) or Nyag chu River in three counties in Sichuan Province (四 川 省) in the People's Republic of China: (i) Muli Tibetan Autonomous County 木 里 藏 族 自 治 县 (Written Tibetan, hereafter WT, smi li rang skyong rdzong), (ii) Jiulong county (九 龙 县 brgyad zur), (iii) Mianning county (冕 宁 县) (Wang 2010: 3).1 Lizu is currently considered as the western dialect of the Ersu 尔 苏 language (Sun 1982, 1983), which is in turn classified as a member of the Qiangic subgroup of the Tibeto-Burman language family (for more details, see Bradley 1997: 36–37; Sun 2001; Chirkova 2012).


Since the number and character of ambiguity parameters are changeable,so the connection of general sequential adjustment between two epochs is very inefficient and complex in GPS kinematics positioning.Therefore,this paper provides an uniform model of sequential adjustment based on the characteristics of GPS kinematics positioning and transfer matrix,which can solves the problems of parameters changeable efficiency.An example indicates that the uniform model may calculate rightly,the accuracy of point is better than 0.482 m.Compared with general model,the uniform model is more efficient and convenient to program.


This paper put forward a 12-b 25MS/s Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR ADC) architecture based on power efficiency Capacitive Digital-to-Analog (CDAC) and a two stages amplifier full-scale differential dynamic comparator. A tri-level switching scheme is being used to achieve the highest switching efficiency while still conserving the symmetry in error tolerance. The prototype implementation in 130nm CMOS technology achieves a 70.1dB SNDR at 25MS/s, while dissipating 0.21mW from a 1.2V voltage supply, leading to a FoM of 37.4fJ/conversion-step.


Based on the classical first-order mixture method which describes the relationship between the property value and component, a modified mixture method for predicting the viscosity property of borosilicate glass lubricant used in the hot extrusion of G3 alloy was established. Then, the viscosity properties of 10 different borosilicate glasses were predicted using this method. The viscosity data predicted by this calculation method coincided well with the experimental data, which showed that the calculation model was of strong reliability. Therefore, according to this model, the glass composition could be reversely designed, which will assure the viscosity of glass to meet the requirements of glass lubricated hot extrusion of G3 alloy which has been raised in the first article. It provides theoretical guidance for the design and preparation of glass lubricant in the glass lubricated hot extrusion of G3 alloy.


This article deals with an integrated language and content aproach in our bilingual classes for the Compulsory Secondary Education. Here there are some guidelines, stretegies and techniques for midle and high school language and content teachers who wish to use an integrated aproach between Spanish Language and English in their lessons. The author emphasizes on how the knowledge of linguistic skills on his/her mother tongue (Spanish) can help our students in the process of learning a second language, (English). It is only one ejample in order to make English language input as comprehensible as possible. The focus of this exemplification should be motivated by the content to be learned which will help identify the language


Sweet syndrome (SS) was first described by Robert Sweet in 1964 as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet, 1966). Despite of the descriptive value of this denomination and the advice of Robert Sweet to keep it, the eponymous became prevalent on the time. SS was the first neutrofilic dermatosis (ND) described and it represents the paradigm of them. There are three key points of SS that are of interest not only for the dermatologists but also for the general practitioners: a) its marked clinical manifestations, b) the potential systemic repercussion of neutrophilic reaction, and c) its association with extracutaneos diseases, especially with malignancies.


Objective To observe the effect of the Gel of the Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment hypersensitive dentine.(Methods)396 cases of hypersensitive dentine were divided into experiment group and the Gel of the Traditional Chinese Medicine treated control group.404 teeth of experiment group.404 teeth of control group were treated 75% cataplasm of sodium fluoride glycerin.Results The efficiency rate of experiment group was 94.80%.The control group was 68.81%.Conclusion The Gel of the Traditional Chinese Medicine would be a kind of perfect drudgery of treating hypersensitive dentine.


The shadow of Mr. Newton's death lies heavily upon the work of the Egypt Explora tion Society at El-'Amarnah this year. Mr. Newton reached Cairo, accompanied by Mr. Duncan Greenlees and Mr. H. B. Clark, who had travelled out from England with him, on the first day of November, and three days later went up the river with them. I joined them at El-'Amarnah on the seventh of December. Obviously Mr. Newton was not quite w his usual health, but no one attached grave importance to what appeared to be but a slight indisposition. The North Palace, which had been but partly excavated in the winter of 1923-4, was o be the main object of inquiry this season. Since the services of the entire staff were needed on the site, it was proposed that the large ancient house close at hand, which last year had been partially retrieved to make a lodging for the excavators near the work, should be still further restored to accommodate the whole family—staff, servants and occasional guests. While this work of renovation was proceeding the old staff house at El-Hag Kandil was occupied, and a small group, comprising the trained workmen from ?uft, annually in the service of the Society, and a few men and children from the neigh bouring village, was put to work on town houses, a stop-gap always available at El-Amarnah. About a week later this group was increased to full strength by numbers drawn equally from El-Hag Klandil and Et-Til, and the undertaking of the season was fairly begun. Events of one sort and another, however, together with delays in completing the north house, prevented abandonment of the southern quarters until early December. One of the staff was in constant oversight of the work, and Mr. Newton himself came up a dis'Bhnce of three miles for a part of each day. At last, in the first week of December, we were all living together in our new home at the north. What seemed to be an attack of influenza sent Mr. Newton to bed, but as days went on and he appeared no better, he was taken over the fields on a litter on the shoulders of our men, down the river to Mellawi in our own felucca, and so by train to the American Hospital in Asyufc. Even at the hospital the doctors were, at first, mystified, but change rapid and alarming set in and it was soon vident that his illness was Encephalitis lethargica. On Christmas Day he died. All that °ould have been done in England was done for him there in Egypt. He was tenderly and intelligently cared for by the doctors and nurses at the hospital. His coffin, covered with °ses, stood in the hospital chapel, where the burial service from the Book of Common Prayer was read. He was buried in the Anglo-American Cemetery at Asyufc. Such a calamity determined us to close the work at the earliest possible moment. Meanwhile Mr. Robert Mond, with his usual helpfulness, sent us Mr. Emery for a few days to work on inscriptions, and Mr. Lythgoe, Curator of the Department of Egyptian Anti-


The poem To Autumn, as an ode, presents something new and quite different from the one traditionally defined. Neither is it a gasp in admiration by the poet who was completely overwhelmed in front of sublimity , nor is it an insight of the poet when he committed the whole of himself to the Almighty. On the contrary, it is an ode of the other kind. Generally, there is apparently a sudden realization in Keats'odes or a twinkling of illusion immediately followed by that of disillusion. However, To Autumn is an exception without such a turn. It should be said, to some extent, To Autumn is more a waking dream, an evolution of conjecture as well as a successful empathy than a pure praise of nature, an ode of the secular world.


Background: Multiple comorbidities, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have been reported to be associated with psoriasis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the clinical features of RA among patients with psoriasis in a tertiary referral center. Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2013, all patients coded with psoriatic disease (ICD-9 CM 696.0 OR ICD-9 CM696.1) and RA (ICD-9 CM 714.0) in a tertiary medical center were enrolled. Results: There were 10,844 patients and 9073 patients with psoriatic disease and RA identified by diagnostic codes, respectively. Among patients with psoriasis, 111 patients had claim-based diagnosis of RA (1.02%). By reviewing medical records and telephone interview or clinic visits, 25 of the 111 patients (0.23%) was identified unequivocally as having concurrent RA. Among them, 17 (68%) were female and 16 (64%) patients developed arthritis prior to the onset of psoriasis with a mean lag of 6.3 years (1–19 years); 8 (32%) had psoriasis skin lesions prior to the onset of arthritis with a mean lag of 6.9 years (3–20 years); 1 (4%) had skin lesions and arthritis in the same time; 17 (68%) patients also fulfilled the CASPAR classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis. The mean age of onset for arthritis was 49.6 years old. Conclusions: The prevalence of RA in psoriasis might be overestimated in some previous studies using claimed database. Patients with concurrent RA and psoriasis showed a comparable age of onset and male to female ratio, but had more axial involvements compared to patients without psoriasis.


Opinions on an anthropogenic influence in global warming abound. Within the non-scientific public, the strength of one's opinion commonly seems to be in inverse proportion to their knowledge of climate science. One reason for this disconnect between reality and opinion is the persistence of many climate change myths in popular knowledge of global warming. These myths are regularly propagated in popular media and internet blogs, some of which appear to be driven more by ideology than a quest for truth about Nature. In the past, the desire to provide balance in media coverage of global warming at the expense of scientific accuracy has handed the soapbox to many with minority viewpoints that are not supported by all of the available scientific evidence. However, many of these myths contain an element of reality but have been misunderstood (at best) by the general public and misappropriated (at worst) by interest groups on all sides of the ideological spectrum. This presentation will outline some of the common myths on global warming and how they can be used as opportunities in a teaching environment to enhance students' understanding of global warming and climate science.


Abstract : Two types of nonradiative processes for laser materials have been studied under this program: (1) direct interaction between the rare earth ion and the lattice, and (2) interaction between pairs of rare earth ions in the crystal. The temperature-concentration behavior of fluorescence of neodymium in the lanthanum trifluoride crystal has been studied. The long delayed fluoresence of neodymium in lanthanum trichloride and lanthanum trichloride containing cerium has been experimentally studied. These delays have yielded a way to determine the weak nonradiative coupling rates. The effect of ion-pair interaction on the efficiency of pumping a fluorescence level and depopulating certain levels of Nd(3+) was studied for lanthanum trifluoride containing neodymium and cerium; reduced Nd(3+) laser threshold was observed when cerium was incorporated in the crystal. The experimental results are described in terms of the formation of ion-pair states and resonance transfer. Results of a similar study of the effect of ion-pair interaction on the Er(3+) fluorescence when cerium is introduced as a second dopant in lanthanum trifluoride are also presented. The study of the lattice vibrations of lanthanum trichloride by means of Raman scattering has begun. The initial data from this study and their interpretation are presented. The selection rules for the two-phonon Raman processes are tabulated. Preliminary data for the vibronic spectra of NdCl(3) are presented.


ABSTRACT The numerous bank failures that were a defining feature of the Great Depression received minimal news coverage. During the early 1930s, the news media consistently downplayed the problems that pervaded the nation's banks and rebuked small depositors for their lack of confidence. While studies reveal that bank management bore significant responsibility for the era's bank failures, contemporary newspaper reports routinely blamed suspensions on depositors seeking to salvage their savings, and even alleged that communist subversion lay behind the banking crisis. The news media's focus on small depositors and communists directed public attention away from problems with the banks themselves. The era's press projected the ideological outlook of powerful financial and business interests that thought depressions were inevitable and substantial economic reforms inadvisable. Bank failures continued until 1933, when the entire system finally collapsed and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was established. If the press had addressed the financial situation more forthrightly, banking reforms might have been implemented earlier.


In this paper work it is possible to detect the parent by given in their children images. Initially filter the image noise is removed from the image. And then detect the face from the image Viola john methods are used for face detection. For the detected faces extract the Gabor features. Gabor features based on the frequency and orientation. The method used as a shape representation. The Extracted feature will classified by the k-NN Classifier. The input consists of the k closest training examples in the feature space. The output depends on whether k-NN is used for classification or regression. Both for classification and regression, it can be useful to weight the contributions of the neighbors, so that the nearer neighbors contribute more to the average than the more distant ones. The trained classifier will predict about the images.


Embodiments relate to allowing client devices that remotely connect to an enterprise network to operate in a site-aware manner. In a distributed file system, files can be replicated in multiple places across a network. Embodiments relate to providing a requesting client referral (or path) to a replica of the desired information accessible to the requesting client with a minimum overall "cost" to the client and the network. The systems and methods of the present invention may allow remote client devices to reliably identify sites with their referral requests so that the reference server (s) can provide site-aware referrals in response to the request.