Following the complete sequencing of the genome of the univellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803, within our institute, a protein‐gene linkage map of this photosynthetic microorganism was successfully constructed for 130 high abundance proteins present on two‐dimensional gels. An additional six proteins were analyzed, but were probably encoded extrachromosomally. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of this protein‐gene linkage map, we analyzed the changes that occur in cellular proteins after illumination of PCC6803 cells. The results indicate that this protein‐gene linkage map greatly simplifies the identification process of such modulated genes. After illumination, at least three distinctive spots with reduced intensity were detected on two‐dimensional gels and the corresponding genes of two of these were successfully identified as chaperonin 2 and a Tortula ruralis rehydrin‐related gene. Thus, the combination of the protein‐gene linkage map and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis should permit a comprehensive analyses of the proteins encoded by the genome (i.e., "proteome") of this photosynthetic autotroph. This post‐genome project represents a productive way of exploiting the information obtained from the sequencing of the cyanobacterium genome.


Birds and bats can be considered potential transmitters of some tick-borne diseases, since eventually they carry infected ticks in areas where transit. Pantanal ecosystem is the largest tropical wetland area of the world with more than 582 recorded avian species, contributing to the maintenance of different tick species. The aim of this study was to examine altogether 152 blood samples of several bird and bat species collected in a large flooded area of Pantanal for the presence of members from genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma and Neorickettsia. None PCR product was obtained, what suggest that wild, domestic birds and bats from Pantanal region are unlikely to play a significant role in the maintenance of tick-borne agents and DNA survey from this species in birds may not be a reliable indicator of exposure.


of falciform ligament was firmly adherent to the gallbladder bed. Two cases, in which drainage of the common bile duct with a T-shaped tube was necessary, developed a biliary fistula, which subsequently closed spontaneously. In a few cases where the gall-bladder possessed a more or less complete mesentery we have removed the entire gall-bladder without damage to the liver capsule, and coagulated the narrow strip of cellular tissue which represented the gall-bladder bed, covering the area with a flap of falciform ligament or omental graft, as described above. The above series of cases is entirely unselected. Furthermore, we have performed Thorek's cholecystectomy in several instances where previously, owing to the enfeebled state of the patient, we would have substituted cholecystostomy for the standard cholecystectomy. This series includes a child of 8, one patient of 85, another of 81, and three over 70 years of age. There were also seven patients with an empyema of the gall-bladder, all of whom made an uneventful convalescence after the wound had been closed completely. In four cases, omitted from the above table, Thorek's operation was considered inadvisable, and a standard cholecystectomy was performed. In two cases this was due to difficulty of access owing to fibroses and contraction of the gall-bladder in obese patients, and in another recent inflammation had rendered the gall-bladder friable and local peritonitis was present. With regard to the fourth patient, four previous operations rendered accurate dissection impossible, so a cholecystostomy, followed later by cholecystgastrostomy, was performed.


The present invention, needle-free syringe, pressure, resistance of the cylinder to water vapor and oxygen - relates to a piston unit (1). The unit chamber which is used to accommodate a cylinder disposed within (2), and durably a and injection solution in sterile fashion (4) (3), at least one of the nozzle hole or one outlet comprising; front wall (5) having an element (6); pressure-stable outer cylinder (13); and pressure, the piston (7) which is movably disposed water vapor and oxygen is resistant to the chamber (3) in . According to the present invention, the chamber (3) consists of a first chamber (8) and a second concentric chamber (9), wherein the cross-section of the first chamber (8) the second chamber (9) cross greater than surface, and each nozzle hole or each outlet element (6) is sealed in a sterile manner by a membrane (26, 27) which opens when there is a resistance to water vapor and oxygen, and subjected to overpressure that. The present invention also cylinder - piston unit (1) automatically or manually, to a method of filling at atmospheric pressure. .FIELD 4


The median nerve passes through the humeral and ulnar heads of the pronator teres muscle (PT), although variations such as absence of the ulnar head may exist. We observed histological sections of the upper extremity from 24 embryos and fetuses. In the early stage, the PT extended between the radius and the medial epicondyle of the humerus, but no candidate for the ulnar head was found. In mid-term fetuses, the ulnar margin of the PT was attached to the elbow joint capsule. Moreover, in late-stage fetuses, a small deep part of the PT arose from the thick joint capsule of the humero-ulnar joint near the coronoid process of the ulna. This joint capsule also provided the most proximal origin of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Therefore, we considered fetal PT origin from the capsule as a likely candidate for the ulnar head. Consequently, the PT seemed to develop from a single anlage through which the median nerve passed, but later - possibly after birth - a small PT origin from the joint capsule appeared to obtain an aponeurosis connecting the muscle fiber to the ulna. This secondary change in PT morphology might explain the muscle variation seen in adults.


Abstract

The autothermal reforming methanol reaction was carried out using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 derivative, with oxalic co-precipitation method and wash coat precipitation method for running experiment on fixed bed reactor and microchannel reactor, respectively. All the operation condition that obtained optimized active catalysts at low reaction temperatures.
The experimental conditions were used steam to methanol mol ratio, the mol ratio of oxygen to methanol, weight hourly space velocity, precipitation temperature on oxalic co-precipitation, pH on oxalic co-precipitation, time of drying on oxalic co-precipitation, various temperatures for heating up catalyst at initial condition, various temperatures on heating up catalyst and un-heating up catalyst, un-heating up catalyst and un-heating up reactant, various oxygen concentration on autothermal reforming methanol.
The experiment result shows when use Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Cr2O3/CeO2 (15/15/2.5/1.25/1.25 mol%) catalyst at the reaction temperature was lower (200 oC), methanol conversion equaled to 80% and carbon monoxide concentration equal to 900 ppm for lifetimes 100 h. Temperature of fixed bed catalyst is a function of x/L (length of fixed bed catalyst). An increased oxygen concentration has a correlation to increased temperature on catalyst bed. Increased temperature on catalyst bed has the significant effect for increased of methanol conversion. The experiment result when running on microchannel reactor was better than fixed bed reactor.


FACTS devices are used to control the voltage profile and stability of power system by improving transient and dynamic stability. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used in place of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for minimization of losses and simulation process. There are several types of FACTS devices but we have discussed only SVC (Static Var Compensator), Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) and Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for this purpose. The mathematical model of these FACTS devices are also discussed with their applications in 3 machine 9 bus system.


This paper has a brief introduction on the principle and advantage of carbon fiber strengthening technique.As one power plant cooling tower strengthening project for example,it has an exposition on the construction technique and points for attention of the CFRP strengthening technique.Accumulating the experience for the similar project.


The 150 BALB/c mice were divided randomly into 5 groups.Mice in Group A,B and C were vaccinated with the vaccines developed from the proteins expressed from plasmids pET32a-Sly,pET32a-38ku and pET32a-Sly-38ku,respectively,mice in Group D or E were injected with the dead Streptococcus suis type 2 vaccine or normal saline solution.On week 2 post-vaccination,all the mice were inoculated by booster immunization(BI),respectively.On week 2 post-BI,all the mice were challenged with a lethal dose of S.suis type 2 Sichuan strain and Jiangsu strain and Streptococcus equi subsp.zooepidemicus Anhui strain,respectively,and the protection rates of the vaccines were evaluated post-challenge.The protection rate(PR) against S.suis type 2 and S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus in Group A was significantly different from those in Group C and D,but no significant difference between Group C and D.The PRs against S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus were not significantly different among Group A,B,C and D.The PRs against all the strains in Group A,B,C and D were significantly higher than that in Group E.These results showed that the three recombinant protein vaccines had good immunogenicity and were able to induce protective immune responses in mice.


Mountain biking is a relatively recent forest recreational activity and this paper estimates the use value associated with purpose-built centres in southern Scotland. An on-site survey is used to generate visitor frequency that can be related to travel costs and participants' socio-economic characteristics. Count data regressions provide maximum likelihood estimates of model coefficients used to estimate expected per-trip economic surplus. The estimated consumer surplus for the Glentress biking range is £80 per visit. An aggregate value of £9.6 million is obtained, with an estimated 120,000 visits annually. While appreciable relative to the site investment outlay, data limitations lead the authors to caution against extrapolating this value over a range of substitute sites planned by the UK's Forestry Commission.


Various polarization measuring schemes are discussed in terms of the Stokes parameters. The methods are separated into three groups according to the number of components isolated by the antenna system. The dispersion resulting from the frequency dependence of the Faraday effect is considered, and the interpretation of polarization data in terms of these effects is discussed. Some results are that one polarization determination will allow limits to be placed on the axial ratio and polarization percentage at the source, and on the ray path integral of longitudinal magnetic field times electron density. A graphical presentation of Hatanaka's dispersion theory permits this to be done very quickly. With suitable assumptions, measurements at two frequencies or with two bandwidths will fix the three quantities. Radio astronomy polarization observations are surveyed. The ionosphere, solar corona, and Crab Nebula are considered briefly in the light of possible Faraday effects. Mayer, McCullough, and Sloanaker's 3.15-cm observations on the Crab Nebula and the optical results are used to analyze lower frequency attempts to find polarized radiation from this object.


The article describes the Tsarevokokshaisk of Kazan province coats of arms belonging to the 18 th century on the basis of archival and published documents found by the author.


MSc Thesis - Following the existing research on logging in Laos and Cambodia and wood import to Vietnam, I have become interested in one geographical zone in particular: the borderland between Vietnam and its two neighbouring countries. By studying forest cover and land use change of Vietnamese provinces in the region, I hope to learn more about the impact of trade, plantations and logging on deforestation, reforestation, and the leakage of climate change mitigation projects. In this thesis, I will try to answer the following questions:

1) Do Vietnamese provinces that border Laos or Cambodia experience more or less deforestation than provinces that do not border these countries; and do they experience more or less reforestation?
2) What are the factors that contribute to deforestation and reforestation in the Vietnamese borderland?

In order to answer the research questions, the study is designed into five parts. The preceding part one discussed main topics of the thesis, in which I will elaborate upon my research questions. Part two will provide a background to the issues through a review of the existing literature on the topics of forest transition and leakage, followed by some facts about the forest transition process in Vietnam. In addition, I will discuss emerging problems of Vietnam's forest protection policies, as well as their possible relevance to forest cover change in Laos and Cambodia. The literature review will be linked to statistical analysis by several hypotheses, which will be tested with two dependent variables: deforestation and reforestation. The panel dataset, explanatory variables, and testing method will be discussed in part three. In this part, several solutions are suggested in order to overcome endogeneity and unobserved effect problems. Regression results in part four will include a discussion of new findings based on the tests of hypotheses. In conclusion, part five sum up the issues and findings.


It was an honor to receive the Max Jakob Memorial Award for 2018. This invited paper is based on the award lecture and is written in an informal style expanding on the lecture and focusing on work in which I have been involved over the past 60 years. Early experimental and theoretical work was published only in conference proceedings when this was regarded an alternative to a journal and not, as seems to be the case nowadays, prior to journal publication or for incomplete work. I welcome this opportunity to clarify and make some of this earlier work more readily accessible. My comments on more recent work of others are also included.


Stakeholder participation has become a popular management approach and its significance has been widely recognised. There is a lack of studies regarding evaluation of stakeholder participation, especially in environmental management by defence sectors. This paper examines how the Australian Defence Force (ADF) involves stakeholders in environmental management and its effectiveness, using Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland, as a case study. Based on the combination of field observations, extensive interviews, a public questionnaire survey and relevant analyses, this study concluded that, overall, stakeholder participation was considered by respondents to be marginally effective. Recommendations were finally provided to improve the ADF's stakeholder participation in the future.


Abstract : In January 1982, the JCS (Joint Chiefs of Staff) envisioned that the use of force modules (combat units plus their support and sustainment) would significantly expedite both deliberate and crisis action planning and enhance flexibility in the execution of operation plans. An evaluation of the force module concept was conducted in three phases during 1982-1983. The test was considered an overall success and the Force Module Implementation Plan was approved by JCS. This paper briefly explores the force module concept from the Army point of view; provides an historical perspective on the subject; identifies minor problems associated with the Army in relation to this concept; and provides recommendations which could improve the concept and increase the flexibility of joint operation planning in both deliberate and crisis action situations. (Author)


Objective To observe the migration,colonization and tissue-repairing effect of transplanted marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in the brain tissues of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of suckling Wistar mice aged 5 d,purified and cultured in vitro.Establish Wistar rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by suture emboli method.Transplant DAPI-labeled MSCs into the brain tissues of model rats through carotid artery and observe their migration and colorization by laser confocal microscopy 24 h,5 d and 10 d later.Observe the repairing effect of MSCs on injury of brain tissue by triphenyltetrazolium staining.Results The diffusions of MSCs were observed in the blood vessels in injury regions 24 h,and in perivascular tissues 5 d after transplantation.However,extensive diffusion was observed in injury regions 10 d after transplantation.The triphenyltetrazolium staining of brain tissue section showed that the area of necrotic regions decreased significantly 20 d after transplantation.Conclusion The transplanted MSCs appeared in the blood vessels in injury regions at first then were diffused to perivascular tissues,and might be involved in the repair of blood vessels and tissues in injury region.


The purpose of the present combination is to develop a mosquito repellant with a combination of active ingredient combination of ethanol extract of basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L) and the soursop leaves (Annona muricata L). Mosquito repellant gel made as many as three formulas containing combinations of ethanol extract of basil leaves and soursop leaves (10% : 2%), Carbopol 940 with varying concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% as a gelling agent. Gel are evaluated physically and chemically via organoleptic examination, homogeneity, viscosity, flow properties, the scatter and pH. The formula of qualified physical and chemical stability testing conducted at room temperature, 4°C and 40°C. The results showed that the preparation is stable at room temperature and 4°C. Basil leaves extract provides optimum power protection at a concentration of 6% amounting to 93.17% and soursop leaves extract at a concentration of 8% amounting to 87.12%. The combination gel formulation mosquito repellant ethanol extract of basil leaves and the soursop leaves (10% : 2%) have the capability of protection from 59.60 to 92.62% with 120 minutes long protection. Based on observations and test the stability of power protection, it can be concluded that the best formula is with a concentration of carbopol 940 is 1.0% as a gelling agent. Desi Nadya Aulena*, Anny Victor Purba, Ratna Djamil Faculty of Pharmacy-Pancasila University, SrengsengSawah, Jagakarsa,Jakarta 12640, Indonesia. Submission: 25 August 2016 Accepted: 1 September 2016 Published: 25 September 2016 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Desi Nadya Aulena et al. Ijppr.Human, 2016; Vol. 7 (2): 10-18. 1


Alkanephosphonic acids assemble from solution on the native oxide surface of titanium to form alkane chain ordered films which, however, are easily removed by solvent rinse. In contrast, assembling the alkanephosphonic acid from solution on the native oxide surface of titanium followed by gentle heating gives an alkane chain ordered film of the acid which is strongly surface-bound; this film resists removal by solvent washing or simple mechanical peel testing. Surface imaging by atomic force microscopy shows comprehensive surface coverage by aggregated islands, with elevations of each consistent with monolayer formation. ω-Carboxyalkanephosphonic acids are also easily bound to the native oxide surface of Ti through self-assembly/heating. Infrared analysis is consistent with surface attachment through the phosphonate headgroup.


Intercropping of non-legume plant with a legume crop is proving a successful system for better use of nutrients by plants, particularly in nitrogen deficient soils. Such a system may affect soil fauna activity. The present experiment was conducted at Fayoum Governorate (Egypt) in order to study the impact of wheat intercropped with faba bean on soil fauna populations. Cultivation period was between November 2010 and April 2011. Five treatments were designed: (1) wheat alone, (2) faba bean alone, (3) wheat intercropped with faba bean (1:1), (4) wheat intercropped with faba bean (2:1), and (5) wheat intercropped with faba bean (1:2). Soil fauna were collected monthly during the cultivation period by means of the pitfall trap method. Data of soil fauna populations were statistically treated by advanced multivariate statistical methods, correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchic classification. Soil fauna were dominated by Collembola, spiders, Diptera, Aphididae, Formicidae, Orthoptera and Coleoptera. Generally, intercropping increased soil fauna populations. This increase was associated with wheat intercropped with more rows of faba bean. These populations were also increased as the age of plants increased. The percentages of trophic groups including: herbivores, carnivores and detritivores were also discussed.


Underwater time-lapse video technology has been used to monitor adult spring and summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) escapement into the Secesh River and Lake Creek, Idaho, since 1998. Underwater time-lapse videography is a passive methodology that does not trap or handle this Endangered Species Act listed species. Secesh River chinook salmon represent a wild spawning aggregate that has not been directly supplemented with hatchery fish. The Secesh River is also a control population under the Idaho Salmon Supplementation study. This project has demonstrated the successful application of underwater video adult salmon abundance monitoring technology in Lake Creek in 1998 and 1999. Emphasis of the project in 2000 was to determine if the temporary fish counting station could be installed early enough to successfully estimate adult spring and summer chinook salmon abundance in the Secesh River (a larger stream). Snow pack in the drainage was 93% of the average during the winter of 1999/2000, providing an opportunity to test the temporary count station structure. The temporary fish counting station was not the appropriate technology to determine adult salmon spawner abundance in the Secesh River. Due to its temporary nature it could not be installed early enough, due to high stream discharge, to capture the first upstream migrating salmon. A more permanent structure used with underwater video, or other technology needs to be utilized for accurate salmon escapement monitoring in the Secesh River. A minimum of 813 adult chinook salmon spawners migrated upstream past the Secesh River fish counting station to spawning areas in the Secesh River drainage. Of these fish, more than 324 migrated upstream into Lake Creek. The first upstream migrating adult chinook salmon passed the Secesh River and Lake Creek sites prior to operation of the fish counting stations on June 22. This was 17 and 19 days earlier than the first fish arrival at Lake Creek in 1998 and 1999 respectively. Peak net upstream adult movement at the Secesh River site occurred June 28 and at the Lake Creek site on June 27. Peak of total movement was August 16 at Secesh River and August 7 at Lake Creek. The last fish passed through the Lake Creek fish counting station on August 31 and on September 8 at the Secesh River site. Migrating salmon in the Secesh River and Lake Creek exhibited two behaviorally distinct segments of fish movement. The first segment of movement was characterized, mainly, by upstream movement only. The second segment consisted of upstream and downstream movement with very little net upstream movement. The fish counting stations did not impede salmon movements, nor was spawning displaced downstream. Fish moved freely upstream and downstream through the fish counting structures. Fish movement was greatest between the period of 5:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. There appeared to be a segment of ''nomadic'' males that moved into and out of the spawning area, apparently seeking other mates to spawn with. The downstream movement of salmon allowed by this fish counting station design may be an important factor affecting reproductive success as male salmon seek other females to spawn with. Traditional weirs operated for broodstock collection do not allow for downstream movement of adults. This methodology has the potential to provide more consistent and accurate salmon spawner abundance information than single-pass and multiple-pass spawning ground surveys. Accurate adult abundance would allow managers to determine if recovery actions were benefiting these salmon spawning aggregates and if recovery goals were being met.


Metal or solid polymer anchors are used as the load transfer components for foam and foam composites when they are used as the structural elements in design. The traditional method of fixation of these components is by fastening and adhesion. In this study, anchors were created in the form of inserts and were imbedded in the sandwich composite during the foaming process, resulting in the manufacture of three-component composite. Flexure tests were conducted to study the effect of different geometries (rectangular, cylindrical, tapered/wedge shaped) and lengths of metal inserts on the strengths of sandwich composites. The stress strain response, mode of fracture of sandwich composite with metallic anchors was elucidated. The results showed that long tapered inserts imbedded in sandwich composite provide better load bearing and adhesion properties than other geometries. A model is presented that describes the relationship between stiffness reduction and progressive crack length of sandwich composite. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the interactions between the inserts and sandwich composites under different loads were carried out. FEA modeling and experimental results were in good agreement, thus validating the model. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1731–1737, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.


Finite-density QCD is difficult to study numerically because of the sign problem. We prove that, in a certain region of the phase diagram, the phase quenched approximation is exact to O(Nf/Nc). It is true for any physical observables. We also consider the implications for the lattice simulations and find a quantitative evidence for the validity of the phase quenching from existing lattice QCD results at Nc=3. Our results show that the phase-quench approximation is rather good already at Nc=3, and the 1/Nc correction can be incorporated by the phase reweighting method without suffering from the overlap problem. We also show the same equivalence in effective models and holographic models.


We present results of transport and magnetic properties of three single- -crystalline samples of the intermediate valence small-gap semiconductor SmB6 at low temperatures. The received resistivity dependences of the sam- ples below 0.5 K exhibit an activated behavior with an energy gap of a few mK. The temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility show an increase below 15 K which can be accounted for by impurities, by bare Sm3+ ions or by a small amount of in-gap magnetic 4f 5 5d 1 states.


Modern age technology spurs legal development – Temporal coincidence of conflicting national and Union legislative processes triggers interdependence between EU and member states – French Loi Hadopi cuts Internet without recourse to a court – Conseil constitutionnel enshrines Internet as fundamental freedom – EU telecoms reform incorporates several French fundamental rights safeguards


Eu2+ plays an important role among the low valency rare earth ions. Eu2+ behaves low stability because of its strong reduction capability. On the other hand, Eu3+ can be reduced to Eu2+ in the voids of zeolites at relatively low reduction temperature. It should be ascribed a lot to the specific structure of zeolites. In our work, Eu3+ was introduced into the voids of the zeolites by hydrothermal reaction and reduced to Eu2+ at the temperatures in range from 600℃ to 1000℃. The effect factors in hydrothermal ion exchange efficiency and structure stability of different zeolites are analyzed .The fluorescence spectra of Eu2+ doped zeolites manifest that Eu2+ incorporated in zeolites exhibits 4f 6 5d1 → 4f 7 broad band transition which is sensitive to the effect of the surroundings. Some new phenomena demonstrate that changing the reduction temperature and the doped concentration can vary the positions and the relative strengths of the emission bands. For samples at the same doped concentration, the strength of emission band near 390nm weakens while emission near 480nm strengthens as the temperature is elevated. For samples reduced at the same temperature, the strength of emission band near 390nm strengthens while emission near 480nm weakens as the doped concentration increases. The emission at short wave will disappear and the long wave band will be the single emission in the spectra of the samples prepared at relatively low concentration and high temperature. It is caused by the fact that Eu2+ ions occupy different locations inside the zeolites on different preparation conditions.


Photoluminescence is a type of optical spectroscopy in which a photoluminescent molecule is promoted to an electronically excited state by absorption of incident radiation. Chemiluminescence is a type of optical spectroscopy in which a chemiluminescent molecule is generated to an electronically excited state by chemiexcitation reactions. There are few reports about the room temperature chemiluminescent fluorescence and phosphorescence. For example, room temperature luminescence is rarely observed from the thermal decomposition of the simple 1,2-dioxetanes which produce excited carbonyl compounds. The energy in the form of light is released from 1,2-dioxetanes due to a chemiexcitation reaction during thermal decomposition. A simple example is the thermal decomposition of tetramethyl dioxetane (TMDO). In the TMDO structure, Heavy Atom Effect on the Room Temperature Chemiluminescent Phosphorescence of the Tricyclic 1,2-Dioxetanes


The paper presents a current chopper-based method for soft-starter and speed regulation of wound rotor motors.The principle of soft-starter and speed regulation of the wound rotor motor are introduced.The hardware of the system is outlined.


Influence of the drying process on the quality of thyme essential oil The study aimed to evaluate the effect of drying air temperature on the quality of the essential oil from thyme leaves. Different drying temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 oC) were applied in a dryer with electrical resistance heater . After drying, the chemical components of the essential oil were compared with those obtained from fresh samples (control). The extraction of the essential oil was performed using the supercritical CO 2 method. The identification of the essential oil components was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the quantification by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). According to the results, it is recommended the drying air temperature of 60 oC for drying thyme leaves .


Horse enthusiasts are often concerned about their horse's health, appearance and performance. A major key to accomplishing these three goals is to keep your horse at a desirable body condition, or degree of fat cover. However, being able to accurately evaluate a horse to tell if they are over or underweight has been a subjective practice for many years. As with all aspects of horse ownership, horse owners have different opinions on what is an ideal body weight for an individual horse. Also, because horses come in all shapes and sizes, many horse owners are not able to objectively evaluate the body condition of their horse. Even within the equine industry different standards have been used to describe the ideal horse. For instance, horses being shown in a halter class will carry more weight and condition than a horse that is being trained for racing. Veterinarians have struggled to convince some horse owners their horse is either overweight or underweight and a change in the horse's body condition would be beneficial for the health of the horse. Terms such as "skinny," "fat," "thin," "emaciated" and "fleshy" are subjective terms that can be applied to horses very differently by different individuals.


Significance Finding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female moth. At the same time, it is of paramount importance considering the limited capability of most caterpillars to relocate to alternative host plants. The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta, oviposits on solanaceous plants. Larvae hatching on a plant that is already attacked by conspecific caterpillars face food competition. Here, we show that feces from conspecific caterpillars are sufficient to deter a female M. sexta from ovipositing on a plant. Furthermore, we not only identify the responsible compound in the feces but also localize the population of sensory neurons that governs the female's avoidance. Hence, our work increases the understanding of how animals cope with a competitive environment. Finding a suitable oviposition site is a challenging task for a gravid female moth. At the same time, it is of paramount importance considering the limited capability of most caterpillars to relocate to alternative host plants. The hawkmoth, Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), oviposits on solanaceous plants. Larvae hatching on a plant that is already attacked by conspecific caterpillars can face food competition, as well as an increased exposure to predators and induced plant defenses. Here, we show that feces from conspecific caterpillars are sufficient to deter a female M. sexta from ovipositing on a plant and that this deterrence is based on the feces-emitted carboxylic acids 3-methylpentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Using a combination of genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9), electrophysiological recordings, calcium imaging, and behavioral analyses, we demonstrate that ionotropic receptor 8a (IR8a) is essential for acid-mediated feces avoidance in ovipositing hawkmoths.


The article considers the mention of the letter of the bishop of Lutsk to the Polish king from 1319, inscribed in the inventory of Polish royal charters in 1681. Nothing is known about such a document from the Kyivan Rus heritage. The remark about Lutsk as a part of the Kingdom of Poland, at first glance, dates back to 1681, when the register was compiled, because, at the beginning of the 14th century, the city belonged to the Romanovych's Halychyna-Volyn state.Based on the analysis of political events, it is clear that there are no objective reasons for creating this document. Dukes Andrii and Lev, two sons of king Yurii Lvovych, were in an alliance with the Polish rulers, who did not own the royal regalia. There is no evidence of religious contacts of Lutsk higher clergy with Rome at the beginning of the 14th century. Lutsk was one of the centers of the Metropolis of Halych; the local clergy did not need the approval of their possessions from Piasts. The location of the mention of the analyzed document next to the unknown texts of Duke Lev Danylovych's grants further undermines the idea of the diploma's historicity. At the same time, the text of the letter is similar to the letter of Lutsk Bishop Ioan, which he wrote in 1398 and addressed to King Wladyslaw Jagiello. In particular, it concerns a promise to pay 200 hryvnias; instead, the king had to support him for the post of Metropolitan of Halych. This conclusion is certainly not final. However, the document of 1319 is probably a phantom that appeared as a result of the unsuccessful processing of the Polish archives in the 17th century.


In 1831, a French administrative official of the name Alexis de Tocqueville went to the United States to study the American prison system as a model for the planned penitentiary reform in France. He came back with a book that brought him fame and lasting position as a classic of political science and sociology: La democratie en Amerique (1835–1840). America at that time was seen as far ahead of Europe in the development of its institutions and quintessential principles of Western modernity: democratic government, capitalist market and free thought. Tocqueville became fascinated with America, but did not limit his story to the description of American institutions and ways of life. He dug deeper, toward hidden axiological, mental and cultural premises which he labelled 'habits of the heart', and which later came to be known as the 'American Dream'. This he believed to be the secret of American success and the emerging American hegemony in the world. His view was vindicated by the history of the 20th century. But times change. At the beginning of the 21st century, the American social critic Jeremy Rifkin came to Europe to serve as an adviser to the head of European Commission, Romano Prodi. And he came back with a book that may easily become a bestseller, if not necessary a classic, entitled The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream (New York 2004: Penguin Group, USA). This comes as a follow up to a series of books in which American writers indulge in self-flagellation, drawing doomsday scenarios of the 'decline', 'decay' and 'collapse' of American greatness, with Noam Chomsky's Hegemony or Survival (New York 2003: Henry Holt) as a prime example. This climate settled in earlier than the excesses of Bush administration, and has only been spreading wider in the intellectual community as a reaction to current policies. At a recent convention of the American Sociological Association (ASA) in San Francisco in August 2004, I was absolutely amazed by the intensiveness of anti-American feelings among my American colleagues. Presenting a paper provocatively titled 'American Hegemony as Seen from Eastern Europe: Twenty Reasons why we Still Admire America', I was feeling a complete deviant, evoking paternalistic reprimands for my short-sightedness and naivety, which can only be excused by an outsider's perspective. Well, I believe that self-criticism, or what sociologists now call 'reflexiveness' is a great asset in every society, but American intellectuals seem to me to go a bit too far.


Although plate shell heat exchanger(PSHE) is developed after plate heat exchanger(PHE), it can be applied to several heat and mass transfer processes that PHE can't do, especially for those involve liquid film distribution, due to its open outside channels of the plate surfaces. Therefore, to design different corrugations for different purposes according to their features is a key task for accelerating the application of PSHEs. The schemes of two scale corrugation with same direction for condensation and those with crosswise direction for processes involve liquid film distribution such as absorption, evaporation are presented.


This study puts forward locative construction acquisition strategy based on "usage-based model" and trains non-English majors in experimental class with the strategy within four weeks. After the training, experimental class and control class receive locative construction proficiency tests. The result indicates that the experimental class has significantly higher locative construction proficiency which is similar to natives' level, and the effectiveness of locative construction acquisition strategy is identified.


In this paper, we have proposed a new design of wide-view and broadband circular polarizers for transflective LCDs, especially using a normally black VA mode. This design uses both positive and negative A-plates in the CP structure to self-compensate the off-axis phase. We believe this design will have a great impact on enhancing viewing angle of transflective LCDs.


Scholars who have written about the city of Petra have concentrated on the history and archaeology of the city. And, while some of them have written about Nabataean religion, only few of them mentioned information about the holiness of the city; specifically, if it was worshiped as a deity. The aim of this study is to fulfil a gap in Nabataean religion in general and, in particular, re-examine the status of Petra in their religion. In addition to the archaeological evidence, such as buildings, art, and features, the study is based on written resources, such as historical sources and Nabataean inscriptions found in Petra and other cities.


There is an increasing amount of work on whether a higher level of women's representation in parliament leads to a different style of parliamentary politics. To date, most studies have focused on Western cases, and the results have been mixed. Women add new dimensions to the policy agenda, but there is little evidence that increased women's representation changes policy outputs. The little work that has been conducted outside the Western context confirms the mixed nature of these findings. In sub-Saharan Africa, women have added issues such as HIV/AIDS and property rights to the policy agenda, but there is little evidence to suggest that increased women's representation has altered policy outcomes. In this article, we examine the case of Rwanda, which now has the highest level of women's representation in parliament in the world at 48.75 per cent. Based on face-to-face interviews with women representatives in the Rwandan parliament, we confirm that the Western-based work has validity in a developing world context. In Rwanda, women representatives considered themselves to have a greater concern with grassroots politics, although there was also some divergence of views on the matter; there has been no change in the working hours or calendar of parliament. In terms of the policy agenda, women's issues are now raised more easily and more often than before, and there has been a strong advocacy of 'international feminism' by many deputies. However, increased women's representation has had little effect on policy outputs.


Methods of assessment the level of technological processes mechanization in animal husbandry are suggested. These are to allow the obtaining of objective parameters and to be used for making calculations in the processes of automatic sheep shearing, veterinary-sanitary animals treatment, fodder production and other technological processes.


Changes in the structure and the phase composition of a part made of powder of domestic titanium alloy VT6 produced at JSC «SMK», by the pressure die casting method of a powder-polymer mixture have been studied. The changes take place due to a change in the sintering mode of the porous semi-finished product.


After 20 years of development,China's higher vocational education has played an important role in improving the structure of higher education,promoting the mass higher education,and fostering highly skilled personnel.In the complex,volatile external environment,it is a question worth pondering that how to form and nurture dynamic capabilities to enhance the competitiveness of the high vocational schools,and then they have a sustainable development.This paper studies the formation and nurturing way of dynamic capabilities in higher vocational schools based on dynamic capabilities theory.


The College of Health and Social Care within the University of Salford is supported by a team of Academic Support Librarians who deliver training, support and advice to staff and student users of library resources and services. The team continually seeks ways to educate, inform and assist users. In 2010, staff began a blog to provide a new support format, with the aim of building a repository of training and information. This article sets a year of blog experience in the context of a literature review and content analysis.


The paper argues we need to re-imagine the broader horizons of marketing in the light of significant changes, not only to the evolving institutional context and conduct of governance, but also to the place of marketing among the collective consciousness of citizens, consumers, workers those autonomous partners in the expanding "contractualism' which will underpin the newly emerging market-based service delivery enterprises of a privatising state.


The author criticizes the concept of the system of main urban centers as a subsystem of a national settlement system. Data on internal migration in Poland are used to challenge the existence of such a system. The author suggests instead that the main cities are best envisaged as being rooted in their own extensive and mutually overlapping hinterlands.


The pH scope for neutralization sedimentation of chromium ion is comparatively narrow (6.3~9.5) and the dosage must be controlled strictly when NaOH or CaO was used. A little dissolution of MgCO 3 makes it possible that the solution has buffer pH (pH=8.4)which accord with the condition of neutralization sedimentation of chromium ion. It is easier to form hydroxide sediment for Cr 3+ in interface area than in solution because the interfacial solubility product of Cr(OH) 3 formed on the surface of MgCO 3 is less than the solubility product in solution ( K S SP =10 -33.50 and K SP =10 -30.27 ). After surface sediment is formed, the dynamic electricity behavior of MgCO 3 is similar to Cr(OH) 3. Using magnesite as purifier, the waste water with high concentration of chromium ion is purified, and some advantages, such as good purifying effect, fast subside speed and little sediment volume are manifested. [


We have tested the feasibility of thermal grills, a harmless method to induce pain. The thermal grills consist of interlaced tubes that are set at cool or warm temperatures creating a painful "illusion" (no tissue injure is caused) in the brain when the cool and warm stimuli are presented collectively. Advance in objective pain assessment research is limited because the gold standard, the self-reporting pain scales, is highly subjective and only works for alert and cooperative patients. However, the main difficulty for pain studies is the potential harm caused to participants. We have recruited N=23 subjects in whom we induced electric pulses (EP) and thermal grill (TG) stimulation. The TG effectively induced three different levels of pain, as evidenced by the visual analogue scale (VAS) provided by the subjects after each stimulus. Furthermore, objective physiological measurements based on electrodermal activity (EDA) showed a significant increase in levels as stimulation level increases. We found that VAS was highly correlated with the TG stimulation level. The thermal grill stimulation safely elicited pain levels up to 9 out of 10. The TG stimulation allows extending studies of pain to ranges of pain in which other stimuli are harmful.


A typical case of upper airway obstruction due to deformation of a low pressure tracheal tube cuff is reported. It would seem that this herniation may have been due to nitrous oxide diffusing with in the air-filled cuff, thereby causing it to overdistend. This increase in pressure occurred after 3 hours of inhalation of a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide. The deformed cuff may either block the lumen at the end of the tube, or push the tube against the tracheal wall. The result is, in either case, a mechanical obstruction of the airway, with hypoxia, and then anoxia. In the reported case, it was the decrease of SpO2 which alerted the anaesthetist. Pulse oximetry was helpful for an early diagnosis. To avoid such accidents, it is suggested either to inflate the cuff with the gas mixture with which the patient is ventilated, or to deflate it every 30 min.


Evidence as the basis of cognizance fact by court is applying law's precondition.In the course of criminal procedure,pledge evidence is the main fasion of affirming evidence. This paper has brought forward some reforming assumption about pledge evidence mode practice of criminal procedure in justice practice.


When The Voluntaryists first organized, I wrote an editorial for Frontlines entitled, "The Movement Be Damned" (August 1982). I knew our anti-political views would face severe criticism (as they should), so I asked fellow libertarians to deal fairly with our arguments. "You may find our arguments unconvincing," I wrote. "If so, reject them. But please don't reject them for the sake of 'the movement.' If there is one thing the libertarian movement can do without, it is the movement mentality." Despite my plea I suspected we would be the target of misrepresentations and smears. "If our ideas gain currency among many libertarians...and especially if libertarians begin resigning from the party as a result, then brace yourself for the storm. We shall be roundly denounced as subversives who threaten 'the movement'." My prophecy has been fulfilled, unfortunately, but not accurately enough to qualify me for messiahship. I anticipated a variety of attacks, but never did I foresee anything resembling Murray Rothbard's "The New Menace of Gandhism." Say what you will about Murray Rothbard (and I have plenty to say in this article), he is expert in keeping his adversaries off balance. You hear that Murray Rothbard is going to attack you in print. You become apprehensive at the thought of facing the enemy's big guns. You speculate on his strategy. You map out every conceivable tactic he might employ. The big day arrives. You brace yourself and — wham! — arguments you never dreamed of come bouncing off the wall. And Rothbard does this with such aplomb! He almost had me convinced that I am a Gandhi-worshiping mystic who — seeking to camouflage my real purpose of dropping out — longs to be beaten senseless by pacifist-hating cops. After reading Rothbard's article, concerned libertarians have asked my friends: (a) Has George Smith repudiated his atheism book and become a mystic? (b) Has George Smith fallen over the edge into bonkersdom? The answer to (a) is no. The answer to (b) depends on who you talk to. I feel normal, but some friends tell my that I am bonkers for ever thinking that Murray Rothbard would give voluntaryism a fair hearing. THE ROTHBARDIAN FLIP-FLOP


The market economy plays a central role in establishing trust for the right reasons. However, a completely free-market economy cannot be justified to nonlibertarians. Most people will endorse some regulations on market activity, and redistributive policies are necessary to improve well-being and deliver economic justice for all. For this reason, some institutions of the welfare state can be publicly justified. We will also see that welfare state measures meant to guarantee economic security have trust-generating properties in the real world, in part because they help spread economic prosperity and economic security to all. So certain aspects of the welfare state should promote trust for the right reasons.


The paper focuses on information exchange of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) within a network. The information exchange between the nodes is realized by underwater acoustic communication with restricted data rate and data exchange radius. The network communication concept depending on the distance between the nodes is presented. An algorithm for routing and data exchange optimization by the criterion of minimum message delivery time is proposed. Test results of acoustic communication system within an AUV network for the navigation purposes are provided.


MADI is new engineering material with very desirable properties such as higher strength at the same hardness compared to regular ductile iron, significantly better fatigue performance than regular ductile iron or austempered ductile iron, better machinability than regular austempered ductile iron and similar to as cast ductile iron. In this study,fatigue properties of Machinable Austempering Ductile was investigated using rotary –bend fatigue testing device. Chemical composition of sample was selected on the base of previous work which results in good mechanical properties and low hardness after austempering process. The results of this study ,indicates that for an austempered ductile iron with 753 (N/mm2) Ultimate Tensile Strength,541 (N/mm2) Yield Strength with 14% elongation and hardness of 240 (BHN),fatigue limit is the range of 367 Mpa . Key word: MADI (Machinable Austempered Ductile Iron), Fatigue, Endurance Limits 1 1 E.mail : email@example.com METAL 2007 22.-24.5.2007, Hradec nad Moravicí ___________________________________________________________________________ 2


SUMMARY A new classification methodology that can be applied to prestack waveforms is presented in this paper. It is proposed to classify the variation of waveforms as a function of offset in a user-defined time window. The results are given in terms of prestack classes that group CMP-gathers with the same waveform variation. This method enables the interpreter to identify rapidly AVOanomalies and to correlate them to known geological facies in the area of interest. As the prestack classes can be understood as CMP-gathers representing the different AVO behaviours in the studied zone, various poststack as well as prestack attributes can be computed for these classes. This method is tested on a real dataset with satisfactory results. Attributes maps generated from prestack classes, especially gradient maps, are much smoother and therefore easier to interpret compared to maps calculated using conventional AVO methods. Noise related to acquisition and processing is strongly attenuated.


We know that we need truly interdisciplinary approaches to analyse the threats to health and to evaluate the effectiveness of responses. Yet we often find difficulty in putting them into practice. Who creates the silos? And for which purpose? What actions do we need to take in the global public health community to promote and sustain interdisciplinary working? And what changes in the wider society do we need to advocate for to make this happen?


AbstractA second (D2) derivative spectrophotometric technique has been applied for the determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in mixture with naphazoline hydrochloride and in presence of Methylene blue. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride has been extracted with chloroform and D2-value was measured at 255 nm. Naphazoline hydrochloride in the mixture has been determined by direct measurement of its D2 at 273 nm. Methylene blue could be determined in the mixture by direct absorbance measurement at 663 nm. As illustrate example, commercial eye drops was analysed for these two drugs in presence of methylene blue in pharmaceutical preparation. The results obtained were of high accuracy and good reproducibility.


Purpose: [ 18 F]-sodiumfluoride([ 18 F]NaF)isawell-establishedbone-seeking agent that has shown promise to assess bone turnover in avariety of disorders, but its distribution in healthy knee joints has not been explored. This study aimedtoinvestigateparametricvaluesfor[ 18 F]NaF uptakeinvariousbonetis-sues types of the knee and their spatial distributions. Methods: Twelve healthy subjects were hand-injected with 92.5 MBq of [ 18 F]NaF and scanned on a 3-T PET/MRI system. Listmode PET data for both kneeswere acquired for 50 minutes from injection simultaneously with MRI Dixon and angiography data. The image-derived input function was determined from the popliteal artery. Using the Hawkins model, Patlak anal- ysis was performed to obtain K i ( K ipat ) values and nonlinear regression analysis to obtain K i NLR , K 1 , k 3 /( k 2 + k 3 ), and blood volume. Comparisons for the measured kinetic parameters, SUV, and SUVmax were made between tissue types (subchondral, cortical, and trabecular bone) and between re- gional subsections of subchondral bone. Results: Cortical bone had the highest [ 18 F]NaF uptake differing significantly in all measured parameters when compared with trabecular bone and significantly higher SUVmax and K 1 than subchondral bone. Subchondral bone also had significantly higher SUV, SUVmax, and K i than trabecular bone tissue. Regional differences were observed in K 1 and k 3 /( k 2 + k 3 ) values. Conclusions: Quantitative [ 18 F]NaF PET is sensitive to variations in bone vascularization and metabolism in the knee joint.


Modern lines of development of the national legislation testify that the child occupies special position ant concerns a category of special legal subjects which actively represent itself as participants various legal relationship.. The current legislation of the Russian Federation not precisely define the legal maintenance of the concept «child», not full establishes, his or her legal status. Within the limits of the general law, it is possible to allocate special and individual statuses of the child.


The block diagrams of the digital image processing and transmission subsystem are presented. CMOS-sensor for image capture is used. The matroid correcting codes and coded modulation are applied. Simulink-model of the imager is elaborated, which allows determining the coding gain, equal to 5.4 dB, for admissible error probability, equal to 10−6. This coding gain allows decreasing the power consumption of the high-frequency transmitter of micro-satellite in 3.46 times.


Polypropylene(PP)/nano-CaCO_3 composites were prepared by melt blending method,in which CaCO_3 nanoparticles were surface treated with a single coupling agent and a compound surface-treating agent,respectively.The crystal forms of PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the compound surface-treating agent modified to CaCO_3 nanoparticles has an stronger effect on the form of β crystal than that of the single coupling agent modified to CaCO_3 nanoparticles,and the relative content of β crystal increases greatly by about 20%.However,the two different surface agents almost have the same effects on the crystalline degree and melt temperature for PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites.Moreover,the mechanical properties of PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites using the compound surface-treating agent are improved obviously compared with PP/nano-CaCO_3 composites using the single coupling agent modified to CaCO_3 nanoparticles,especially for the impact strength and the ultimate strain.


This thesis considers the role of working class background in the development of an aspirational self for a young woman seeking an academic career. Using fiction and social theory, class identity is considered for its powerful mercurial role in our sense of ourselves and the path we seek in life.


Vehicle movement on Gajayana signalezed intersection existing condition is LTOR in east approach (Jl. MT. Haryono) and south approach (Jl. Gajayana), otherwise StOR
red movement are in west approach (Jl. MT Haryono). While in Mitra's 2 signalezed intersection, there are LTOR in west approach (Jl. Sarangan) and south approach (Jl. Letjend Sutoyo). There are some vehicle's movement is not reasonable. So its need to be studied to know influence of LTOR and StOR. This study is based on rule Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia Tahun 1997. Performance on Gajayana signalized intersection in existing condition is DS
maximum occur in east approach (Jl. MT. Haryono) = 1,36 and average delay time of intersection is 221,68 sec. While in Mitra's 2 signalised instersection the DS maximum occur in
north approach (Jl. Letjend Sutoyo) = 1,36 and average delay time of intersection is 590,46 sec.
LTOR and StOR movement give a significan contribution to signal itersection performance.
"Better" operational vehicle movement for Gajayana's signalised intersection is still based on existing condition. While on Mitra's 2 signalised intersection is all of vehicle must be rule the traffic light.


The lack of consistent studies of heat transfer through walls, doors, and windows of typical Malaysian constructions urges us to conduct this study for deep and accurate vision regarding this matter. To achieve this purpose a typical Malaysian room was scaled down and made of cement walls then data was collected by measuring temperature outside and inside the room for ample period of time. Windows are modified to serve as a single, double, and triple layer of glass at 10 mm gap. Initial results show significant reduction in heat transfer as the number of layers increases.


Oil fields under the new circumstances facing families of stability even more severe situation,should further improve the relationship between family and business to educate and guide the families of the correct oil reform,development,stability,correct view of the individual interests and collective interests,safeguard their legitimate rights and interests,and actively support and participate in the reform and development.


─ This paper deals with an impact of receiving antenna placed in a metal enclosure on an electromagnetic field distribution within the enclosure, and thus on its shielding effectiveness. In an experimental setup, a frequently used tool for measuring the electromagnetic field level at certain points within the enclosure is a dipole antenna connected to a measuring instrument via a coaxial cable. For modeling a coupling between the electromagnetic field and antenna in the protective enclosure we use the Transmission-Line Matrix (TLM) method, enhanced with the compact wire model. The numerical model is verified through comparison with the available experimental results and then used to investigate the influence of physical dimensions of dipole antenna and its cable connection on the detected level of shielding effectiveness. Index Terms ─ Dipole antenna, enclosure, shielding effectiveness, TLM wire model.


The author tried to resolve two questions: firstly, which of the serological reactions is most suitable for detecting changes in the blood of tuberculous guinea pigs, and, secondly, what is the general significance of serodiagnostics in this animal with tuberculosis.


ABSTRACT This study aims to test and analyze the effect of surprise operating cash flows and net profit surprises on partial stock returns of Food and Beverage Companies. The population is a Food and Beverage company that is listed on the IDX for the period 2015-2017, and a sample of 11 companies. Data collection through documentation. Data analysis in this study using SPSS version 16. The sampling technique using purposive sampling method and data testing techniques used in this study include normality test, classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis, and testing the research hypothesis. The results of the analysis show that: (1) surprise operating cash flow has a negative but not significant effect on stock returns, while (2) surprise net income has a significant positive effect on stock returns. Keywords: Operating Cash Flow, Net Profit, and Stock Return.


Objective To analysis the characters on the prognosis of chronic liver failure of viral hepatitis accompanying with diabetes. Methods To retrospectively analysis the liver function, complications and the prognosis of patients with chronic liver failure of viral hepatitis accompanying with diabetes. Results The level of bilirubin in patients with chronic liver failure of viral hepatitis accompanying with diabetes was higher than that in patients without diabetes (P0.05). The time from the onset to the peak level of total bilirubin was longer in patients with diabetes than that in patients without diabetes (51.4±36.7 Vs 40.9±34.6 days,P=0.039). The recovering speed of total bilirubin was slower in patients with diabetes than that in patients without diabetes (P0.001). Patients with diabetes took higher risk of infection, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy (P0.05) than those without diabetes. The rate of worsening conditions of illness or death was higher in patients with diabetes than those without diabetes (54/87 Vs 46/121, P=0.001). Conclusion Patients with chronic liver failure of viral hepatitis accompanying with diabetes were hard to recover. Their prognosis was poorer. They took higher risk of infection, hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy. They took longer time to reach the peak level of serum total bilirubin and recovered slowly.


In this paper,the author adopts the method of the Highly Effective Liquid phase Chromatography(HPLC),by making the Cephalexin's residua in milk after treating the cow mastitis as an object,to make scientific research on Cephalexin's Residual rule in Milk.In the experiment,the author respectvely treats the cow by means of the Intramuscular injection and Intravenous injection.The findings shows that it is more suitable to discard the milk in 2.5 days.


SIR Having often bemoaned that bioethics in developing countries is a severely neglected subject, and that academicians from these nations rarely get the opportunity to expound their views and express their concerns, I was excited at the title of Professor Olweny's paper in the 3tournal of Medical Ethics 1994; 20: 169-174, entitled, Bioethics in developing countries: ethics of scarcity and sacrifice. Admittedly, it was unsettling to see such a topic emerge from a country that by no standards qualifies as underdeveloped [Canada], and this may be a reason why some points of criticism came forth so readily. To begin with, in less developed countries we would not consider ethics as a science, perhaps because philosophies are so highly infected with religious and political doctrines. Second, we make it a point to consider bioethics as being much more than a problem of 'medical values and progress', because many non-medical aspects of biology need attention, such as, to name but two, population ethics and the depletion of natural resources. Professor Olweny is unhappy to note 'a new form of medical ethics ... neither rational nor philosophical'. But he then states that '[R]esources allocation is the primary responsibility of health care facility'. Now, responsibility is an ethical term, so that this 'new form' of medical ethics seems called for after all, to counsel the rich and look after the poor. To underdevelopment. Structural Adjustment, in fact a mammoth socio-economic programme, must, in the view of Olweny, be buttressed by 'progress in other areas, such as education'. This means that the way out of underdevelopment is to develop, which is probably correct but hardly to be considered a bioethical proposition. Olweny suggests an agenda for health care in developing countries which includes, inter alia (sic): moving away from 100 per cent governmental funding; expansion of health care services to reach rural areas; community participation in health promotion, and the reintroduction of 'ethics ... back into health care practice and into society itself'. This is a sound public health care programme, but I am not sure it contains specifically bioethical issues. And if [bio]ethics were something like a science, and I will agree that it is at least a disciplined academic endeavour, then its premises should be clearly stated and differentiated from other disciplines such as public health, sociology, politics, economics and so on. In sum, let me contrapose a brief alternative agenda of what seem to be the more pressing needs of bioethics in developing countries, agreeing with Olweny that priority is due to the issue of intervention and extension of the right to health care, and governmental support thereof. Additional topics are: the reassessment of autonomy in countries with strong paternalistic traditions and severe cultural inequalities; consideration of the role of the family beyond the anecdotal discrepancies between patients and kin, but rather in the tradition of tribal ties where the family's social action is interwoven with that of each of its members; technical and scientific growth in economically fragile environments; the influence of academia in legislative procedures pertaining to bioethical issues, considering the wide political spectrum and often harsh ways of wielding power that may lead to laws that disregard public opinion and the will of majorities, and individual and demographic aspects ofhuman reproduction. My point is that underdeveloped countries are better equipped to assess their needs than outside observers, and that well meant but distant proposals will probably re-affirm paternalism and perpetuate dependence. To be honest I do not question Professor Olweny's concern and good intentions, but I believe such topics should be addressed from the other end of the road or, something which is sorely missed and which could possibly prove to be quite fruitful, in joint academic ventures.


We consider a biobjective sequential decision-making problem where an allocation (arm) is called ε lexi- cographic optimal if its expected reward in the first objective is at most ε smaller than the highest expected reward, and its expected reward in the second objective is at least the expected reward of a lexicographic optimal arm. The goal of the learner is to select arms that are ε lexicographic optimal as much as possible without knowing the arm reward distributions beforehand. For this problem, we first show that the learner's goal is equivalent to minimizing the ε lexicographic regret, and then, propose a learning algorithm whose ε lexicographic gap-dependent regret is bounded and gap-independent regret is sublinear in the number of rounds with high probability. Then, we apply the proposed model and algorithm for dynamic rate and channel selection in a cognitive radio network with imperfect channel sensing. Our results show that the proposed algorithm is able to learn the approximate lexicographic optimal rate–channel pair that simultaneously minimizes the primary user interference and maximizes the secondary user throughput.


Understanding oxidation of layered chalcogenide semiconductors is important for device processing, as oxidation can be both an intentional and unintentional result of processing steps. Here, the authors investigate chemical and morphological changes in mechanically exfoliated few-layer MoS2 in oxidizing and inert environments using different microscopies (optical, scanning electron, and atomic force) and spectroscopy (Raman, x-ray photoelectron, and Auger electron) techniques. The environments studied were oxygen, oxygen and water vapor, argon, argon and water vapor, and ultraviolet-generated ozone at temperatures from 25 to 550 °C. Oxidation at low temperatures resulted in the formation of a condensed molybdenum oxide phase and sulfur trioxide gas. At sufficiently elevated temperatures, all the products of oxidation volatilize, resulting in a vapor-phase etch. The kinetics of oxidation and etching depended upon the annealing gas, temperature, time, and the number of layers of MoS2. Conditions can be sele...


In the type of primary glaucoma, which is characterized by episodes of increased pressure in the eye, as a rule followed by considerable symptoms (blurred vision, haloes, pains and nausea and sometimes vomiting), a closure of the angle of the anterior chamber can often be seen. An important predisposing factor is an originally narrow angle. The cause of the narrowness has only been investigated to a small extent. In general it has been considered as an instance of normal variation of the structure, as no latent pathological process could be seen. It seems likely that a narrow angle is often combined with an anterior chamber, shallow in its entirety, and it has also been shown that a small axial chamber depth is common in this type of glaucoma. The reduction is generally considerable, on an average 30 per cent (Tornquist 1956). The radius of curvature of the cornea is also somewhat reduced, not, however, to the same extent as that of the chamber depth (Tornquist 1957). Presumably there is a disproportion in the structure of the eye, e. g. an increased size of the lens in proportion to the size of the corneoscleral capsule (Priestley Smith 1890). A comparison between the axial chamber depth and the width of the angle shows that, as a rule, there is a considerable correlation. In a few cases, however, the angle may be narrow in eyes with a normal axial depth (Gradle & Sugar 1940). In these surely very rare cases the surface of the iris is flat instead of convex, while the most peripheral part is curved backwards. Thus, the iris has a shape resembling a plateau. Also in eyes of this type acute attacks of glaucoma may occur, probably caused by a closure of the narrow angle. Barkan (1954) and Chandler & Trotter (1955) mentioned the existence of such cases, and Chandler (1956) considered that there are some differences, from a clinical point of view, between them and the ordinary cases of narrow-angle glaucoma. I t is particularly seen in younger persons. Peripheral iridectomy is often not effective enough, and after the operation no widening of the angle is found as in other cases of narrow-angle glaucoma. At the eye-clinic in Gothenburg the following case of acute glaucoma in an eye with plateau-iris has been observed.


Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound articulation formed from the articular surfaces of the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle.CBCT imaging of TMJ is that it allows accurate measurements of the volume and surface of the condyle. The aim of the study is to assess the sagittal position of mandibular condyle in patients with temporomandibulardysfunction using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in centric occlusion.
Materials and Methods: CBCT images for all patients were obtained in an upright position using New Tom Giano CBCT with different field of view (11 x 8), (11 x 5), and (8 x 8) and exposure factors was changed accordingly using NNT version 5.1 software for sagittal reconstruction, anterior, superior and posterior joint spaces was measured.
Results: There was a significant change in the anterior, posterior and superior joint spaces when compared to normal functioning TMJ. The sagittal position of the condyle in glenoid fossa could be affected by TMJ dysfunction and it would be positioned centrally but slightly inferior to the normal position according to the results of this study. There was no significant difference in the sagittal condylar position in glenoid fossa between sexes. There was significant difference in the value of anterior, posterior and superior TMJ spaces between right and left sides of the mandible in both normal cases and TMJD.
Conclusion: Sagittal section of Temporomandibular joint revealed that TMJ dysfunction affects the joint spaces in sagittal plane. It means significant changes occur in the value of anterior, posterior and superior joint spaces when compared to normal functioning TMJ.


Phospholipidosis and steatosis are two toxic effects, which course with overaccumulation of different classes of lipids in the liver. MS‐based lipidomics has become a powerful tool for the comprehensive determination of lipids. LC‐MS lipid profiling of HepG2 cells is proposed as an in vitro assay to study and anticipate phospholipidosis and steatosis. Cells with and without preincubation with a mixture of free fatty acids (FFA; i.e. oleic and palmitic) were exposed to a set of well‐known steatogenic and phospholipidogenic compounds. The use of FFA preloading accelerated the accumulation of phospholipids, thus leading to a better discrimination of phospholipidosis, and magnified the lipidomic alterations induced by steatogenic drugs. Phospholipidosis was characterized by increased levels of phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, and phosphatidylinositols, while steatosis induced alterations in FA oxidation and triacylglyceride (TG) synthesis pathways (with changes in the levels of FFA, acylcarnitines, monoacylglycerides, diacylglycerides, and TG). Interestingly, palmitic and oleic acids incorporation into lipids differed. A characteristic pattern was observed in the fold of change of particular TG species in the case of steatosis (TG(54:3) > TG(52:2) > TG(50:1) > TG(48:0)). Based on the levels of those lipids containing only palmitic and/or oleic acid moieties a partial least squares‐discriminant analysis model was built, which showed good discrimination among nontoxic, phospholipidogenic and steatogenic compounds. In conclusion, it has been shown that the use of FFA preincubation together with intracellular LC‐MS based lipid profiling could be a useful approach to identify the potential of drug candidates to induce phospholipidosis and/or steatosis.


Introduction of excess heat in a district heating s ystem can provide an opportunity for reduction of c arbon dioxide emissions. Combined heat and power plants p roduce both heat and electricity and introduction o f heat-driven absorption cooling in an integrated district heatin g and cooling system can increase the potential for electricity production which in its turn may reduce carbon diox ide emissions when replacing other, more carbo n intensive, electricity production. Depending on what assumptio ns are made for marginal electricity production the carbon dioxide emissions of the system will vary. In this paper the introduc tion of industrial excess heat and absorption cooli ng is analyzed for an integrated district heating and coo ling system using three different types of fuel and two sources of electricity production. The results show that introduction of excess heat will reduce the use of resources but depending on what other electricit y production will be replaced in the surrounding sy stem, the carbon dioxide emissions are not necessarily reduced. Absorption cooling increases t he heat demand and thus increases the use of resour ces but can still reduce the carbon dioxide emissions if the increased production of electricity is assumed to r eplace electricity from coal condensing power plants. If the increased electricity production replaces el ectricity from average Nordic electricity production, introduction of absorption cooling will incre ase the carbon dioxide emissions.


Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important cellular event in organogenesis, cancer and renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGF‐beta1) is the key inducer of EMT and the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), an major intracellular signal transduction pathway is involved in TGF‐beta1‐induced EMT. Astrocyte elevated gene‐1 (AEG‐1) represents an chief genetic determinant regulating multiple events in tumorigenesis. Our present study is to explore the role of AEG‐1 in TGF‐beta1‐induced p38 MAPK activation and EMT process in human renal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells. The protein expressions of AEG‐1, the markers of EMT and p38 phosphorylation were measured by Western blot. The protein expression of AEG‐1 was increased in HK‐2 cells treated with TGF‐beta1. Knockdown of AEG‐1 potently inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and reversed TGF‐beta1‐induced EMT. Over‐expression of AEG‐1 via AEG‐1 transfection elicited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and promoted EMT. The effects of AEG‐1 during EMT were blocked by a p38‐specific inhibitor. Our findings suggest that AEG‐1 plays an important role in TGF‐beta1‐induced EMT through activation of p38 MAPK in proximal tubular epithelial cells.


Strongly correlated quantum matter exhibits a rich variety of remarkable properties, but the organizing principles that underlie the behavior remain to be established. Graphene heterostructures, which can host narrow moire electron bands that amplify the correlation effect, represent a new setting to make progress on this overarching issue. In such correlated moire systems, an insulating state is a prominent feature of the phase diagram and may hold the key to understanding the basic physics. Here we advance the notion of a fragile insulator, a correlation-driven insulating state that is on the verge of a delocalization transition into a bad metal. Using a realistic multiorbital Hubbard model as a prototype for narrow band moire systems, we realize such a fragile insulator and demonstrate a nematic order in this state as well as in the nearby bad metal regime. Our results are consistent with the observed electronic anisotropy in the graphene moire systems and provide a natural understanding of what happens when the insulator is tuned into a bad metal. We propose the fragile insulator and the accompanying bad metal as competing states at integer fillings that analogously anchor the overall phase diagram of the correlated moire systems and beyond.


Encoding technology has allowed for the creation of libraries of 50,000 or more low-molecular-weight compounds for biological testing. The current challenge is to properly and efficiently screen among these compounds for useful biological activities. In this example, actives against two related G-protein coupled receptors were sought from a combinatorial library of 56,000 members. The library was synthesized on solid phase using the split synthesis method and photochemically released for testing. At a screening concentration of 0.5-1 /LM, 86 unique structures were identified as active against one receptor and 24 were active against the other. Due to the random nature of compound sampling, five library equivalents or 280,000 beads were screened to ensure greater than 99% representation of library members. As a result, many actives appeared multiple times in the screen, verifying the encoding process. Further confirmation was obtained by resynthesis and testing of predicted active structures. A clear bias for specific "R" groups at each point of variation in the combinatorial library with little overlap between the two receptors has produced a clear structure-activity relationship on which to base further work.


In a large double-blind study among Navaho school children, we evaluated the effects of vitamin C in 1- and 2-gram daily doses on acute respiratory illness during a 14-week period.' We found no evidence of significant prophylaxis, but our findings did suggest a modest therapeutic benefit in that children taking vitamin Chad from 28% to 34% fewer days of morbidity caused by respiratory episodes than those taking placebo. Likewise, in classroom surveillance, younger children on vitamin C had 26% fewer symptom-days of cough and nasal discharge recorded. These observations were consistent with other recent trials using 1 gram daily (4 grams during illness) in Canadian adults L' and 250-500 milligrams daily in Irish schoolchildren.3 The clinical significance of this modest therapeutic result in minor, selflimited illness was, in itself, questionable. However, further study was indicated to determine: (a) if use of vitamin C could prevent complications of the common cold in children, such as superinfections or otitis media; (b) if certain symptoms or symptom complexes responded specifically to vitamin C therapy; and (c) if indeed, as our data had suggested,l higher blood ascorbic acid levels were correlated with fewer days of illness. A second investigation was designed to confirm, if possible, and expand our previous findings. The second trial was conducted in two Navaho boarding schools during January through May 1974, using doses of 1 gram vitamin C daily versus placebo tablets. This report presents preliminary routine surveillance findings from the second study.


Purpose – The primary goal of this study is to conduct an empirical comparison of corporate social orientation (CSO) values held by US and Japanese students. The study also aims to test the stability of CSO with an exploratory assessment of the impact of international exposure on these values.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 806 respondents were surveyed in the USA and Japan regarding their expectations of business organizations, their demographic attributes, and their level of international exposure. The survey results were compared using descriptive statistics, MANOVA and ANOVA.Findings – The results support the assertion that CSO varies across individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Statistically significant differences were found between US and Japanese respondents in the relative ratings allocated to the four dimensions of CSO (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations). Results also indicate that CSO is a fairly stable set of values. International exposure was not found t...


Interior point methods are related to Newton's method applied to a parametric KKT system. The parameter is driven to zero thereby ensuring convergence of the approximate solutions of the parametric system. Path following variants explicitly dene and follow the parametric solutions, the so called central path. In this talk, we address two generalizations of the usual interior point framework from an asymptotic analysis point of view. First, we address inexact solutions of the linear systems arising within Newton's method. Depending on the inexactness allowed, asymptotic convergence order reduces; for primal variants, this reduction is more severe than for primal-dual formulations. Second, we investigate the use of higher order path following strategies in those methods. The usual high order path following variants (Mehrotra's formulation) are reminiscent of Shamanskii's generalization of Newton's method. We also consider the approach based on a high order expansion of the so-called central path, somewhat reminiscent of Chebyshev's third order method and its generalizations. For primal variants, the use of higher order representation of the path yields spectacular improvement in the convergence order while for primal-dual formulations, the benets are important, but not surprising.


cases which in the past have failed to respond to the orthodox methods of treatment by rest, relaxation, or compression therapy. It is clearly a method that must be used only by the very experienced, and then guardedly and after all alternative simpler methods have been considered and rejected. At first thought it may appear to be so dangerous as to be generally unacceptable, but the results quoted above are good enough to demand serious consideration, especially as they are results obtained in the pioneer stages of the treatment.


# Equal contribution Abstract—In this investigation, the CoMFA and CoMSIA in the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D- QSAR) studies were implemented to search for the pharmacophore features in each target receptor. QSAR pharmacophores hypothesis models were made from a series of ligands by their activity values. Besides, we made use of the docking strategy between the structures of each PPARs subtype. Eventually, selectivity factor is employed for us to search new drugs. By means of taking advantage of the results of 3D-QSAR studies and docking strategy, we search out the specific drugs fitting the two PPAR subtypes but repelling the other PPAR subtype effectively and selectively.


During the year the old portion of the library has been completely redecorated and its general appearance improved. The remaining space between the north building and the Citadel wall has been concreted. The underground hot-water pipes connecting the south and north buildings which had corroded have been renewed. The Plymouth Corporation has agreed to the transfer of the lease of a strip of land about 60 feet by 20 feet adjoining the eastern boundary of the land already occupied by the Association. The Land Department of the War Office has approved this transfer and the land has now been taken in. It will add greatly to the amenities of the laboratory in allowing room for a lawn as well as a car park in front of the eastern extension. During January to March 1962 extensive repair work was done to the original south building, which was necessary on account of the increasing penetration of moisture through the porous limestone facade. The parapet walls at the east and west ends were taken down as far as the second floor window lintels and rebuilt with the insertion of lead damp courses. The chimney stacks which formed part of the parapet walls have not been replaced. At the west end large wooden beams over the windows on the south side were replaced by reinforced concrete lintels. The roofs of both ends and the centre block were relaid with asphalt. The east, south and west walls were dressed with waterproofing solution, and the woodwork, gulleys and downpipes were repainted.


Introduction ........................................................................................ 43 I. An Overview of Governance System and Land Administration in Tanzania ..................................................... 44 A. Governance System .......................................................... 44 B. Land Administration ........................................................ 45 II. Wildlife Reserved Areas and Pastoralists' Land and Natural Resources Rights ........................................................ 46 A. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area Act ......................... 48 1. Right to Food ................................................................ 49 2. Right to Public Participation ........................................ 53 B. The Wildlife Conservation Act ........................................ 57 1. The Right to Housing: Eviction .................................. 57 2. The Right to Participation .......................................... 59 Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................... 60


Two groups of subjects were used to obtain conversational test evaluations of digital voice processors with data rates from 800 to 32 000 bits/s. One group consisted of paid subjects with no previous experience, and the second group, of radio amateurs with hundreds of hours of communication experience. Each group was tested using two conversational measures, the Free Conversation Test, which has an open vocabulary, and the NRL Communicability Test [A. Schmidt‐Nielsen and S. S. Everett, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 70, S108 (1981)], which uses a closed vocabulary. Experienced and inexperienced talkers gave very similar rankings to the voice systems. Any differences fell within categories where the systems were not significantly different from one another. The experienced communicators were more tolerant of degradation than were the inexperienced subjects and gave better ratings to low quality systems. Better discrimination among voice systems was achieved when inexperienced talkers were used in the tests. ...


The Gaussian random field Y(t), t ∈ T, is one of the most common models used to describe spatial stochastic processes. In many applications, the domain T is a subset of D-dimensional Euclidean space (usually D = 2 or D = 3), and the function Y(t) is almost surely continuous or smooth in t. The definition is simple: the Gaussian random field must be multivariate Gaussian at all finite sets of points, that is, [Y(t1), …, Y(tn)] must be multivariate Gaussian for all n > 0 and all tj ∈ T. Since the multivariate Gaussian is specified uniquely by its mean vector and variance matrix, then the Gaussian random field is defined uniquely by its mean function μ(t) = E[Y(t)] and its covariance function C(s, t) = cov[Y(s), Y(t)].


One of the European Union's priorities for the programming period of 2014-2020 consists of inclusive favourable growth. This means promoting an economy with a high rate of employment, to ensure economic, social and territorial cohesion such that the benefits of economic growth and jobs to be distributed fairly, and people experiencing poverty and social exclusion to be given the opportunity to have a decent life and to play an active role in the society. The achievement of stated strategic objective requires a special attention on rural areas, both at EU level, as at each Member State level. In Romania, 45.0% of the country population is concentrated in rural areas, where there are living almost three quarters (71.3%) of the country's poor population. The percentage of persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion at national level in 2012 was 41.7% of the total population, Romania being surpassed only by Bulgaria, with 49.3%, while the EU average stood at 24.8%. Poverty in rural areas is due mainly to the low agricultural productivity and low employment opportunities in other areas outside the agricultural sector. Rural areas development and reduction of the high level of poverty in these areas can be achieved through stimulating and supporting programs of development for rural social economy, human capital development and increasing the social protection level in rural areas.


This research aims to assess the level of manipulation of leaders and Machiavellian manifestations in the work process within selected socio-demographic characteristics of employees. Based on the described theoretical basis, three hypotheses were established. The hypotheses concern is examining the differences between manipulation and Machiavellian manifestations regarding employees' residence (urban or rural), the sphere of the organization (private or public) in which they work, and the age of employees. The data were obtained through a questionnaire survey in which 123 respondents participated. The study involved methodological tools such as CASADI (Calculativness, Self-Assertion, Diplomacy) and MPS (Machiavellian Personality Scale). The new CASADI methodology identifies Machiavellian manifestations in business and managerial behavior. It contains statements that relate to the respondent's opinion on manipulation between people. The MPS methodology was created for leaders in determining the level of their manipulation through four factors determining Machiavellianism. The survey results were evaluated through a t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings confirmed the differences in Self-Assertion, Desire for Control, and Distrust regarding respondents' residence. The study of age differences recorded the statistical significance for the attribute of Diplomacy within Machiavellian manifestations and the attribute of Desire for social status within the manipulation of leaders. Within the differences between the private and public spheres, statistical significance was recorded for the attributes of Machiavellian manifestations of Computation and Self-Enforcement, and for the attributes of the manipulation of leaders Amorality, Desire for Control and Distrust of others. The research results indicated that employees living in the city might have a higher degree of Machiavellianism. It is reflected in their motivation for for-profit and the need to control others and not trust them. Research suggested that the rate of Machiavellianism decreases with age. In the case of the organization activity where the employee works, it was found that Machiavellian tendencies were more pronounced in employees of the private sphere.


Suspended particles are a ubiquitous component of aqueous environments and are found over broad ranges of size and density. Particle transport and fate have an important role in the regulation of contaminants and nutrients in natural settings. The mechanisms that control the transport and size of particulate material in solution also play a fundamental role in the successful operation of engineered systems, such as sedimentation ponds and flocculation tanks, as well as flotation and filtering reactors. Adequate modeling of particle transport and aggregation is required for better understanding and prediction of the effects of particulate material in natural aqueous systems, as well as for designing efficient physicochemical processes to deal with suspended solids. In this paper we illustrate how numerical diffusion produced by the use of first‐order finite difference schemes can introduce significant errors in the modeling of particle settling in quiescent systems and how this error is compounded when aggregation is considered. To model settling without introducing numerical diffusion, while preserving numerical efficiency, we propose the residence‐time scheme, a simple numerical scheme based on the residence time of each size fraction in the elements of the spatial discretization. For the solution of the settling‐aggregation equation the alternating‐operator‐splitting technique (AOST) is used. The inherent modularity and simplicity of AOST allows smooth incorporation of additional particle transport mechanisms such as mixing, advection, etc.


This article relates examples of topographic expression of geological structure and composition of some Quaternary river terraces in Siberia. --A. G. I. Staff.


Carbon nitride thin films have been prepared by reactive ionized cluster beam (RICB)technique on Si(100)and NaCl(100) substrates, using low molecular weight polyethylene as evaporation material and ammonia as reactive gas. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy, the film contains β-C3N4crystallites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement and infra-red(IR) absorption measurement indicate that nitrogen is chemically bonded to carbon in the films.


It is essential to have all necessary information to judge the actual use of current and future stock. The economic factors taken into account are depreciation, the cost of maintenance and upkeep, and administrative costs. By reducing such expenditure to a minimum the optimum service life of vehicles can be established. Examples are given to illustrate the case of passenger coaches.


The knowledge produced by genetic science is constantly expanding. However, the "taught knowledge" is not just a simplification of the knowledge produced by science, since it is also a result of values and practices. The objective of this study is to analyze how some examples of the expression of human characteristics in school textbooks approximate or deviate from reference knowledge found in literature. Secondary school textbooks were analyzed: six Brazilian collections and three Portuguese collections. Three topics were analyzed (skin color, eye color and height) and data were compared to scientific reference literature concerning these topics, which was composed of recent scientific papers and teacher training reference books. This analysis used the methodology developed in previous studies by Franzolin (2012) on "categories of types" and "categories of implications" and the KVP model (Clément, 2006). This study shows that most textbooks are close to the reference literature in mentioning the polygenic determination of the analyzed characteristics (skin color, eye color and height) and the influence of the environment in the expression of these characteristics. Textbooks which deviate from reference literature may cause barriers to the central content understanding. In the Portuguese context, it was evident that the practice of adopting new topics in the curriculum lead to the elimination of such information, not valued in official curriculum documents.


This paper first gives a brief overview of the material characteristics and expression techniques of the murals in the Tang Dynasty. Then it explores the methods of studying them and the significance and value of the status quo facsimile of them. Finally it expounds the enlightenment of the material application and expression techniques of the murals in the Tang Dynasty on the creation of contemporary fine