ABOUT 525 UNANNOTATED REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED, DIVIDED INTO PUBLICATION TYPES (GEOGRAPHY TEXTS AND JOURNALS, THESES AND DISSERTATIONS, U. S. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS, BOOKS AND ARTICLES ON TOURISM AND RECREATION, AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES). A BRIEF INTRODUCTORY ESSAY CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING REMARKS: "OUTDOOR RECREATION EXEMPLIFIES THE CONCEPT OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF STUDY. ECONOMICS, FORESTRY, HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SOCIOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY, PLANNING, TRANSPORTATION AND OTHERS HAVE MADE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF MAN'S OUTDOOR LEISURE ACTIVITIES. IT IS LOGICAL, THEN, THAT GEOGRAPHY, A DISCIPLINE DEDICATED TO THE STUDY OF VARIATION FROM PLACE TO PLACE ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, WOULD BE DRAWN BY THE RICHNESS OF POTENTIAL PROBLEM AREAS IN OUTDOOR RECREATION. IN MOST COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD THERE IS NO WORD FOR 'PLANNER.' THE PLANNING FUNCTION IN THESE COUNTRIES IS INCLUDED WITHIN THE DEFINITION OF 'GEOGRAPHER.' THIS IS NOT THE CASE IN AMERICA, HOWEVER, WHERE THE GEOGRAPHER ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THINGS UPON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH AND THE PLANNER IS CHARGED WITH DIRECTING ALLOCATION OF SPACE TO THE GREATEST BENEFIT OF MAN. AS YET THERE APPEARS TO BE NO SPECIFIC AREA OF OUTDOOR RECREATION WHICH HAS CAPTURED THE INTEREST OF A MAJORITY OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS. WHILE EUROPEAN GEOGRAPHERS SEEM TO HAVE PLACED EMPHASIS UPON TOURISM, NO SUCH DIRECTION HAS APPEARED ON THE AMERICAN SCENE. RECREATIONAL TRAVEL HAS ALREADY PROVIDED AN INTEGRATING FOCUS FOR GEOGRAPHIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD. TEN FAIRLY HOMOGENEOUS GROUPS WITHIN THE FIELD HAVE ALREADY BEEN WRITTEN ABOUT GEOGRAPHERS: (1) ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF TOURISM AND RESORTS; (2) SPECIFIC SITE AND/OR AREA ANALYSIS; (3) RELATIONS BETWEEN RECREATION AND RESOURCES; (4) RECREATIONAL LAND USE AND/OR PLANNING; (5) RECREATIONAL PROBLEMS; (6) RECREATIONAL TRAVEL AND CONSUMPTION; (7) TECHNIQUES USED TO STUDY RECREATIONAL PHENOMENA; (8) SURVEYS OF THE FIELD OF RECREATIONAL PHENOMENA; (8) SURVEYS OF THE FIELD OF RECREATIONAL GEOGRAPHY; (9) DELIMITATION OF RECREATIONAL REGIONS; AND (10) PERCEPTION STUDIES OF RECREATIONAL PHENOMENA."


The status of space transportation systems analyses referable to the SPS (solar power satellite) is reviewed briefly. Propulsion systems (including magnetoplasmadynamic) and booster arrangements for the SPS mission and variants in recovery arrangements (including winged recovery) are summarized, along with proposals for production of SPS components in space from lunar and asteroidal materials. Transportation of the pilot plant into low circumterrestrial orbit or high geosynchronous orbit, transfers between those orbits, and construction of a large work bench structure (orbital construction demonstration article - OCDA) in low earth orbit are discussed.


This paper studies the stability of a class of PID controller to stabilize robot manipulators with elastic joints. It is shown that a PD action on the rotor position and an integral control action on the link position suffice to provide semiglobal asymptotic stability of the desired link position.


In discovering and colonizing Iceland, Greenland and Atlantic Canada, Norse explorers displayed remarkable resilience to the harsh North Atlantic environment 500 years before Columbus reached the New World. Given such widespread exploration of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean and such close exposure to the environment, it is interesting to speculate about Norse knowledge of oceanography, meteorology and climate. Is it possible that they possessed a relatively advanced knowledge of their environment, albeit without any basic understanding? This article addresses this question. Leif Eriksson's arrival in Newfoundland in AD1000 marked the culmination of Viking expansion west from Scandinavia that began two centuries before (Figure 1). The early eighth- and ninth-century voyages from the homeland fjords of south-west Norway left permanent Viking settlements in northern France and the British Isles. Settlers arrived in the Faeroe Islands around AD825 and reached Iceland by around AD870; the oldest archaeological remains there lie immediately above the tephra from the large AD871 volcanic eruption of the Vatnaoldur fissure in southern Iceland. These farmers established permanent settlements that survived to the modern era. Colonial occupation of south-west Greenland began in AD985 when Erik the Red Thorvaldsson led an expedition of 25 ships from Iceland to the vast new territory he had optimistically named himself. The total population of the two primary Greenland settlements peaked at a few thousand, but eventually disappeared in the fifteenth century and European knowledge of their


Turkey has significant and unique plant diversity and plant genetic resources. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important oilseed and confectionary crop have significant diversity in Turkey. Therefore, within the framework of National Industrial Plant Genetic Resources Project, sunflower landraces have been collected and conserved ex situ at the National Gene Bank in Izmir, Turkey. Since the characterization of local variety and land race collections is also necessary for the utilization of those resources and help to optimize the germplasm management and utilization in plant breeding program. In this study agro-morphological characterization of fifty four confectionary sunflower accessions collected from Denizli and Erzurum provinces, and maintained long-term at National Gene Bank for assessing sustainable utilization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed for diversity determination of sunflower accessions. Ecological differences affect morphology of sunflower; thus, quantitative aspects of variation were evaluated using plants grown under same conditions. Thirty two characters were evaluated and multivariate analysis was performed for diversity determination those of confectionary sunflower accessions. The morphological variation was found high for most of the characters. There was no variation on leaf distribution on stem, stem hairiness, branching, leaf pubescence, leaf shape, seed type, seed hairiness, head flower color, pollen fertility, disk flower anthocyanin coloration. PCA showed that the first eight principal components accounted for 73.721 % of the total variation. In all principal components very variable one group was formed. The results indicated continuous variation model of confectionary sunflower landraces. While the informal seed exchange mechanism among the farmers involve the some degree of similarity of the some accessions collected from different localities. The diversity among and between the landraces is result of adaptation of different ecologies and the farmers' selection in their preferences.


A questionnaire for studying the maintenance resource management (MRM) and safety attitude of domestic aviation maintenance technicians (ATM) is developed. This questionnaire is designed by modifying those of Taylor's (1997) and McDonald's (2000). The surveyed domestic units include four airlines and three repair stations. The objective of this research is two-fold, one aiming at understanding the AMTs' perceptions toward MRM and safety attitude, and the other for finding whether there exists cultural problems in receiving the MRM training. Validation of questionnaire was first achieved by exposure to AMT experts. A formal survey was then conducted using the revised questionnaire. There are 1000 copies of questionnaire handed out with 873 copies returned and screened through effectiveness test. The results of this survey include: 1) MRM training is effective for domestic AMTs, in particular for those affiliated with direct maintenance divisions. 2) The effectiveness of MRM training on behavioral improvement for Taiwan AMTs is comparatively better than that of the North American AMTs. However, owing to cultural differences Taiwan AMTs lack positive attitudes such as proactiveness and sense of responsibility sharing. In contrast, the North American AMTs are more assertive and willing to share responsibility. In addition, Taiwan AMTs' safety attitudes are comparatively better than those of the Europe AMTs. 3) MRM and safety attitude are positively correlated. As Taiwan AMTs improve their goal sharing attitudes, communication skill, teamwork ability and awareness of company's safety commitment in safety upholding, the results will be shown in their proactive reporting of incidents, compliance with respect to safety regulations, and assertion of safety. 4) Taiwan AMTs show passive attitudes toward safety enforcement and require standards, codes and training to improve their safety alertness. 5) Environmental and working pressures that influence safety comes different origins for direct and indirect maintenance units. For direct units, urgency in time, lack of manpower and equipment are the main factors of pressure sources, whereas for indirect units, lack of professional knowledge and information, and lack of manpower constitute the major factors. 6) the most commonly seen human error committed in maintenance include lack of professional knowledge, ineffective communication skill, lack of awareness, complacency, and workplace norms as well as the fatigue during work.


Heterogeneous traffic with the predominance of motorcycles is very common in many cities in Southeast Asian countries, where motorization has developed speedily in the last few decades. While many developed countries confront troubles relating to vehicle traffic, Southeast Asian countries in general and Vietnam in particular are facing a serious situation in respect to the high volume of motorcycle traffic and congested motorcycle flows. Therefore, passenger car equivalent (PCE) concept becomes hard to be suitable in traffic dominated by motorcycles in these countries. Hence, it would seem to make more sense in such case that the motorcycle is considered as the basic vehicle in this traffic flow. In order to account for other categories of vehicles in the traffic flow, the concept of motorcycle equivalent unit (MCU) value at urban road segment was introduced. This paper investigates the methodology of MCU at road-segments in motorcycle dependent city. A methodology based on PCE approach previously developed by Chandra et al. (2003) is presented in this research. This methodology illustrates a more accurate method of MCU in mixed traffic flow by considering the characteristics of moving vehicles such as velocity and an effective space. In which, the effective space of each kind of vehicle is computed under considering influences of velocity, physical size of the subject vehicle and the surrounding motorcycles. The proposed methodology was applied to field data collected at twelve road-segments located in Hanoi city, Vietnam. The field data indicated that the effective space of each vehicle varies by the speed of moving vehicle, and MCU value increases slightly corresponding with the lane number of each urban road during the peak hour. Also, it was found that the MCU is a function of the mean speed, a mean effective space of each vehicle. The field data indicates that the MCU values of car, bus, minibus, and bicycle are 3.43, 10.48, 8.34 and 1.38, respectively at road-segments in urban road. On the other hand the field data of vehicle flow and speed passing through road segments were conducted in three groups of divided road with raised median within the city centre. The fundamental diagrams of vehicle speed-flow-density relationships ranging from the stable traffic flow to unstable conditions were plotted in this paper. Regression analysis was employed to estimate the capacity of each kind of urban roads. The value of capacity, maximum motorcycle flow, a critical mean stream speed and a critical …


Now, within the set of lexical items that is characteristic of formal English is a large number of words compounded of roots that are, ultimately, of Greek and Latin origin. Corson 1985 argues that these words pose considerable difficulties for certain groups of native speakers of English and that unfamiliarity with the Graeco-Latin vocabulary of English is a major cause of educational failure. Though most of Corson's argument is directed to the linguistic and educational difficulties of native speakers, some of his observations are relevant to the learning of English as a second or foreign language.


The development of the renewable source component for electricity production leads to an increase in the number of sources connected to the low voltage network and to difficulties in calculating the transient regime. The purpose of this paper is to present a new way of applying the operational method for calculating the regime in circuits with the distributed load, which is not limited by the order of the differential equation and that describes the dynamic processes in the analyzed circuit. As a method of calculating currents in the circuit of a network with tasks and sources of distributed generation, the method of loop currents was selected. The method allows the equations of the voltage balance to be drawn up, so that in each of loop circuit there is only one element of the transverse chains connected in the network power outlets. This ensures that the values of the loop currents with the currents in the respective transverse element coincide, whether we consider the connected load or the distributed source of generation. Knowing the values of currents in the loop of the circuit allows calculation of all derived parameters: voltage drop, loss of power, examination the regime in the natural evolution course in the network, so from the transient regime to the permanent regime. It has been shown that, for the topology of the electrical networks with active-inductive components, the roots of the characteristic equation of the differential equations describing the equilibrium state of the instantaneous voltages in the network circuits can be determined without great difficulties. The analytical solutions allow for calculating the instantaneous values of the loop currents and the voltage drops in the connection nodes of the load and the sources of generation distributed at the low voltage network. The proposed method of applying the operational method is robust both for determining the characteristics of the transient regime at any point of the supply network, and for the parameters of the permanent regime.


According to a series of field test, the diffusion coefficients of concrete mixing igneous rock fiber, silica fume and fly ash were analyzed.Under the identical water cement ratio,effects of the different admixtures on time variability of chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete were studied.The results show that admixtures can improve resistance to chloride ion permeability. Adding igneous rock fiber or fly ash singly and adding silica fume,f ly ash together can enlarge the attenuation coefficient of chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete,the effect of adding silica fume and fly ash together is the most obvious.Adding silica fume singly in concrete can reduce the chloride diffusion effectively,but the attenuation coefficient of chloride diffusion coefficient is decreased.


11 Mediterranean Alpine populations are particularly exposed to natural hazards like floods and earthquakes 12 because of both the close Mediterranean humidity source and the seismically active Alpine region. Knowledge 13 of long-term variability in flood and earthquake occurrences is of high value since it can be useful to improve 14 risk assessment and mitigation. In this context, we explore the potential of a lake-sediment sequence from Lago 15 Inferiore de Laures in Valle d'Aosta (Northern Italy) as a long-term record of past floods and earthquakes. The 16 high-resolution sedimentological study revealed 77 event layers over the last ca. 270 years; 8 are interpreted as 17 most probably induced by earthquakes and 68 by flood events. Comparison to historical seismic data suggests 18 that the recorded earthquakes are strong (epicentral MSK intensity of VI-IX) and/or close to the lake (distance of 19 25-120 km). Compared to other lake-sediment sequences, Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments appear to be 20 regionally the most sensitive to earthquake shaking, offering a great potential to reconstruct the past regional 21 seismicity further back in time. Comparison to historical and palaeoflood records suggests that the flood signal 22 reconstructed from Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments well represents the regional and (multi-)decennial 23 variability of summer-autumn floods, in connection to Mediterranean mesoscale precipitation events. Overall, 24 our results reveal the high potential of Lago Inferiore de Laures sediments to extend the regional earthquake and 25 flood catalogues far back in time. 26


Permanent breast seed implant (PBSI) brachytherapy technique was recently introduced as an alternative to high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy and involves the permanent implantation of radioactive 103Palladium seeds into the surgical cavity of the breast for cancer treatment. To enable accurate seed implantation, this research introduces a gamma camera based on a hybrid amorphous selenium detector and CMOS readout pixel architecture for real-time imaging of 103Palladium seeds during the PBSI procedure. A prototype chip was designed and fabricated in 0.18-μm n-well CMOS process. We present the experimental results obtained from this integrated photon counting readout pixel.


Review(s) of: Handbook of Forensic Anthropology and Archaeology, by Soren Blau and Douglas Ubelaker (eds), Research Handbooks in Archaeology Series, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA, 2009, 534pp, ISBN 978-1-5987-4074-5.


Home Fires: How Americans Kept Warm in the Nineteenth Century Sean Patrick Adams. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014.Understanding and explaining clearly how something works can pose a challenge for historians, who must move from a conceptual level to an instructional position for students or lay readers. Sean Patrick Adams accomplishes this task with an enviable simplicity and readability in his explanation of how Americans kept warm in the nineteenth century. The backdrop is the changing industrial landscape of the nineteenth century and the inventions and innovations in heating that presented challenges regarding fuel choices and the marketing of products.Adams focuses on "the links between the hearth and the ongoing process of industrialization... exploring the needs of households and the way production methods responded to those demands" (11). He sets out to explain "how it [scientific and technological breakthroughs negotiated their way through the different actors and institutions] worked" (12). In a November 3, 2014 blog, the author says, "One of the many reasons that historians reconstruct the past is so that we can understand our present, and perhaps even make some predictions about the future" (http:// energypast.com/2014/ll/03/using-energys-past-top p diet-the-future/, accessed 2/12/2015). He continues by explaining that he hoped readers of Home Fires would be able to make a connection "between that story during the Industrial Revolution and the prolonged energy crisis that we face today." He has reservations about the time "it took ... for fossil fuels to dominate the American hearth" and the challenges faced in jumping to solar, wind, or other renewable energy today.Prefaced by a "Prologue" and followed by an "Epilogue," Adams tells his story in five chapters answering how: "How the Industrial Economy Made the Stove," "How Mineral Heat Came to American Cities," "How the Coal Trade Made Heat Cheap," "How the Industrial Hearths Defied Control," and "How Steam Heat Found its Limits." Predictably, the "Epilogue" moves to yet another innovation, with roots in "the rise of the networked city by 1870" that led to the phenomenon of gas heating in the twentieth century (145). Adams describes his work in Home Fires in the following way:The book depicts the problem of dwindling supplies of firewood during the Early American Republic and the search for technological alternatives; the hazards of cutting, digging, and drilling in the name of home heating; the trouble and expense of moving materials from place to place; the rise of steam power; the growth of an industrial economy; and economic efficiency questions, both at the individual household and regional levels, (http://people. …


Chinese existential sentences and English there-be structure can both express existential meaning,and they are important and special type of sentence structure in the two languages.This paper mainly studies the existential body of Chinese and English in order to find out their similarities from a cognitive and grammatical perspective.Meanwhile,it tries to detect the differences of existential body between the two languages from the new perspective where the existential body is definite.


Giardia intestinalis, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease giardiasis, is a protozoan parasite that colonizes the upper small intestine of mammals, including humans. It can be divided into ...


Energy use and carbon footprint have financial, environmental and social implications that affect the sustainability of water and wastewater servicing approaches. Data availability has and continues to limit the measurement of life-cycle costs and impacts of energy and carbon. This paper analyses the relative energy and carbon impacts of four different water and wastewater servicing approaches designed to serve a theoretical 15,000 lot residential development. Sydney Water has used its Energy and Carbon Estimator (ECE) tool to estimate energy use and carbon footprint for each approach. Conceptual design of each servicing option and sizing of each infrastructure component was required in order to build each project in the ECE tool. This included pipe networks, pumping stations, storage tanks, treatment systems and any other asset within the assessment boundary. The analysis measures the long term differences between each servicing option and discusses why these differences exist. INTRODUCTION The dependence of water management on energy (often referred to as the energy water nexus), means that water utilities have a significant influence on the long term sustainability of urban communities. The choice of water and wastewater infrastructure, once made can fix the energy intensity of water services for 20 to 30 years or more. The infrastructure choice also determines the quantity and type of materials that are used and the quantity of associated embodied carbon emissions. Sustainably servicing greenfield growth is a complex challenge of which energy and carbon is only one part. Cost, technical challenges, social / customer acceptance, impact on urban form and liveability as well as ecological impacts all need to be considered. A range of factors will influence the choices around decentralised and centralised approaches and decisions about how non potable water demands are met. Many of these will be specific to local conditions, the nature and condition of existing infrastructure, when and how development will occur and so on. The purpose of this paper then is not to advocate any specific approach, but rather to illustrate the application of the ECE tool and provide insights into one of the key issues around water service provision energy use, carbon emissions and their associated costs. ANALYSIS The purpose of this analysis was to demonstrate the relative difference in energy and carbon footprint of different servicing approaches. This can be achieved by analysing quite idealised system layouts, the level of detail being sufficient to understand the broad level of carbon and energy impact associated with each approach. The key planning assumptions on which each option is based are described below: Key assumptions • 15,000 low density residential lots. • Occupancy rate of 3 persons per lot. • Wastewater production of 150 litres per person per day. • Potable water supply is available. • Discharge of excess treated effluent to waterways permitted. • Land is available for effluent disposal via subsurface irrigation. • Alternative water supply is mandatory (to meet 40% potable savings as per BASIX). • Linear development uptake over 15 years (1000 lots per year). • Assessment period of 30 years. • Fugitive emissions from wastewater networks were not included due to lack of data, (treatment plant fugitives were included). Option design Traditional approaches to water network planning involve the engineering of options to meet a set performance standard, typically using computerised hydraulic modelling techniques. To rapidly investigate different service configuration options such as those required for decentralised systems, a model was prepared to size the infrastructure elements in each of the idealised infrastructure layouts. The model uses hydraulic performance standards and a typical system configuration for each option (as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5 and Figure 7). The sizes of the assets that make up each option are automatically calculated from assumed hydraulic performance and service standards (such as minimum pressure or hours of reserve storage). The asset characteristics and assumptions can be adjusted to simulate a wide range of options. The new urban development area is idealised with specific user defined assumptions about layout, lot spacing, density, ground slope, water demands and other characteristics. Option 1: Conventional wastewater treatment and recycling with dual reticulation This servicing option represents a conventional dual reticulation approach to greenfield servicing with centralised wastewater treatment, recycled water production, and a third pipe network to distribute the recycled water to each property. It comprises a gravity sewer network, sewer pumping where required, a single intermittent decanted aeration lagoon (IDAL) wastewater treatment plant with additional sand filtration, a recycled water balance tank, transfer pumping station, transfer main, surface reservoir, elevated reservoir, elevated pumping station, delivery main and pressure reticulation network. The trunk assets (main carriers, pumping stations, treatment, reservoirs etc.) are all constructed up-front with reticulation being delivered in pockets as development occurs. Figure 1 shows the idealised layout modelled. It comprises the treatment plant at the bottom of the catchment, a central sewer carrier, and 5 development areas of 3000 lots feeding into the central carrier. Figure 10 shows an idealised longsection of the system configuration. Figure 1: Idealised layout for Option 1 conventional wastewater treatment and recycling. Option 2: Decentralised wastewater treatment and recycling with dual reticulation Option 2 (shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3) comprises five separate development areas of 3000 lots that drain via gravity sewer reticulation to local membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment and recycling plants, recycled water balancing tank, delivery pumping station and pressure reticulation network. This approach is well suited to staged investment, in part because it avoids large trunk mains and the direct pumping of recycled water avoids reservoirs and trunk delivery mains. MBR wastewater treatment is also well suited to staging in modules, however as with any treatment facility there is still a proportion of fixed cost. The avoidance of long sewer trunk mains combined with treatment units sized closer to loading, can also bring operational efficiency and prevent long term issues like odour and corrosion. The viability of this option depends on being able to discharge excess effluent to river/watercourse when needed. Figure 2: Local system configuration for Option 2 decentralised wastewater treatment and recycling. Development area with dual reticulated recycled water Advanced wastewater treatment and recycling plant Sewage/ effluent pumping station Pumped effluent main


Abstract To describe and advise on management protocols and infection-protection experience of the radiology department in makeshift hospitals in Wuhan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Based on the literature review and the experience in the frontline, we retrospectively reviewed the configuration of the radiology department, human resource, personal protection, examination procedures for patients confirmed with COVID-19 in Wuhan fangcang shelter hospital. From February 11, 2020 to March 10, 2020, 2730 and 510 CT examinations were performed in the Hanjiang shelter hospital and Hanyang Sports School shelter hospital, respectively, including initial examinations and re-examinations. The maximum number of daily CT examinations reached 289. The CT scanned a patient approximately once every 13 mins. Fangcang shelter radiology department could be powerful components of both global and national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.


OBJECTIVE: To study the status quo of the use of protein anabolic preparation and peptide hormone in our hospital and to strengthen the standardized management on drug use.METHODS: The protein anabolic preparation and peptide hormone used during Jan 2004~Dec 2007 in our hospital were analyzed statistically in respect of the consumption sum and the drug variety.RESULTS: The protein anabolic preparation totaled 4 kinds and peptide hormone 3 kinds.The consumption sum of protein anabolic preparation plus peptide hormone accounted for about 1% of the total,of which,peptide hormone took a higher proportion.CONCLUSIONS: Both the variety and consumption sum were on the lower side for protein anabolic preparation and peptide hormone used in our hospital,the management of which was standard on the whole;however,there are some defects and the management on the use of those drugs should be intensified.


We present the derivation of a novel metric for the performance prediction of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In particular, the metric can be applied in, for example, monitoring and surveillance applications where WSNs are used. Those networks execute protocols or techniques that are often sensitive to spatial correlation. The proposed metric is based on the correlation in the sensed phenomenon and the correlation in the location of the sensor nodes. The main application area of the performance prediction metric lies in the design and optimisation of WSNs prior to the costly deployment phase. Since extensive simulations can be completely avoided it serves as a rapid and lightweight evaluation tool for comparative analysis of WSNs. The concept is applicable and also extensible through merging of selected performance criteria.


The National Water Research Institute's January 9, 2008 Newsletter carried a reference to the report American Academy of Microbiology report "Clean Water: What Is Acceptable Microbial Risk?" (http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000003520/Clean%20Water%20Small.pdf). I looked this report over and noted some areas that lead to questions. I would appreciate some considered response to the following. I saw nothing on the issues related to transferring antibiotic (antimicrobial) resistance, although there was some discussion of virulence transfer. Thus at least there is the opening to discuss genetic transfer a bit further. I sit on a WERF/EPA panel looking at risk assessments and that group also is thin on looking at the issue of resistance. Both Joan Rose and Amy Pruden sit on this panel. Both note deficiencies in current water quality standards.


This paper on passenger travel demand forecasting methodology presents a brief survey of existing state methodologies, discusses the desirable attributes of a statewide passenger planning and programming methodology, outlines a program of long range research, and identifies what can be done immediately to improve the existing methodology available to state transportation agencies. Four major areas are reviewed: emerging issues facing statewide planning as background for methodology for statewide planning and programming; existing methodology for statewide planning and programming; proposed improvement to statewide planning and programming methodology; and continuing statewide planning process. Priority programming, citizen participation and other issues strongly related to statewide transportation planning must be interrelated with the methodological issues of passenger travel forecasting. Among the aspects discussed are the changing state role in transportation decision-making, modal competition, citizen and community participation, equity, the planning and programming processes, highway simulation model, modal models, travel forecasting and impact prediction techniques, master planning versus the strategic, and the time-staged investment approach. It is recommended that a flexible analysis environment be developed for each state as well as a variety of multimodal modeling tools (general and specialized), with the capacity to predict travel, environmental and economic impacts, and trade-offs and equity issues for a wide variety of spatially and temporally different investment programs. These investment programs must include short-run, low- capital highway options, low-capital transit or para transit alternatives, and the more traditional longer range capital-intensive investments. A more strategic planning approach is also recommended that can be used in the past. Staging strategies will be evaluated not only for economic and environmental impacts but also for the flexibility to adapt to a wide variety of conditions that may evolve in the future. This approach would provide for a more positive influence in the actual programming and implementation process inherent in statewide planning. It will also allow for flexibility to interact with regional plans in an interactive, participatory, and interative manner.


In 2021 the Assessment of the Future Security Environment of Ukraine (the forecasting period – till 2030) was elaborated and published for the first time. However, the methodology of strategic forecasting and planning in the national security and defense sphere still needs to be further developed and improved. That is why we propose to use the Method of Goal Dynamic Evaluation of Alternatives and its modifications to elaborate and process the Future Security Environment model, built by experts and analysts. According to our approach, prediction process should be structured into series of steps, and thoroughly consider the international experience of strategic geopolitical forecasting.


A general class of overload control mechanism for communication and switching systems is mode led and analyzed in this paper. The overload indicator is considered to be the amount of unfinished work in the system. The overload control is based on a throttling mechanism for new arriving requests when the load status of the system is above a predefined threshold. The input process, modeling the subscriber requests, is assumed to be general and can be considered under stationary or nonstationary conditions. To model the main mechanism of this class of overload control strategy, a generic queueing system of type G/GI1 with feedback, in conjunction with a workload-controlled acceptance scheme is used. The analysis method works in the discrete-time domain and allows use of efficient discrete transform algorithms [e.g., Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)] to determine the system characteristics. In discussing dimensioning aspects of the overload control strategy, numerical results are given for different types of input processes and overload threshold parameters. 1. OVERLOAD CONTROL MODELlNG In modern communication systems the overload phenomenon and its influence on system performance has become more critical and complex due to the increasing number of new system featu'res and customer facilities provided. To guarantee proper system performance, sensitivity of communication systems against overload must be taken into account in the design and development phase as well as in the post-cutover phase of a switching system. Modeling approaches for investigation of the overload phenomenon in communication systems, especially in telephone switching systems [1-9], can be classified in two categories: i) Overload modeling: evaluation models for overload indicators and time-dependent requirements for overload detection which include models describing the dynamics of overload situations and those describing customer behavior. ii) Overload control modeling: models for performance evaluation of overload control strategies, where aspects like timeliness, influence on other subsystems, etc., are considered.


In the design of structure, the forces acting on tai structure are key parameter fur noise and vibration control. However, in the complex structure, the forces at the injection point on the structure cannot be measured directly. So, it is necessary to find out Indirect force evaluation method. In this paper, forces have been measured with In-situ vibration responses and system information. And, three existing techniques of indirect force measurement, vita. direct inverse. principal component analysis and regularization have been compared. This paper shows that multi-vibration responses are essential for talc precise estimation of the forces. To check these conditions, rotary compressor is adopted as test sample, because it is very difficult to measure the injection forces from internal excitation to shell. It alas also been obtained that relatively higher force is transmitted through three welding paths to the compressor shell. It shows a good agreement between direct and indirect force evaluation with curvature shell and plate.


The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of garbage and recyclable material amount after price increase in unit pricing system of household solid waste. Unit pricing provides residents with an incentive to source reduce and recycle by forcing them to pay the increased disposal cost for ea...


Research support services are growing areas of importance in academic libraries and are part of the libraries' larger goal to provide wider support for research-related services. Ithaka's Library Survey 2010 indicated that research support services, along with teaching facilitation, are the two growth areas projected by library directors (Long and Schonfeld 2010, 13). In addition, the LITA 2012 National Forum (http://www.ala.org/lita/ conferences/forum/2012) focused on library development of data services, in part to meet this growing area. Although support of these services looks good on paper, the process of both developing new data services and using them to support research services can be difficult. In addition, these types of services represent new work in the field of Web librarianship as well as new opportunities for collaboration. In this month's column, I explore background studies that define the boundaries of library research support and touch on specific examples of these types of services. A series of studies in 2010 and 2011 explored the intersection of faculty research, institutional support, and library services (Kroll and Forsman 2010; MacColl and Jubb 2011; Research Information Network 2010; Research Information Network and Research Libraries UK 2011). While each of these reports provides a unique lens to help us understand research support, they also touch on some common themes. Each of the studies describes a complex environment in which researchers operate. For example, John MacColl and Michael Jubb (2011) explored the complex relationship between a researcher and external entities such as his or her professional community and funders, as well as the internal community of institutional support (e.g., libraries and administration). This model underscores the many overlapping


In this paper, we discuss a cross layer congestion control technique of TCP Reno-2 in wireless networks. In thi s both TCP layer and PHY layer jointly control congestion. The PHY layer changes transmission power as per the channel condition, interference received and congestion in the net work, whereas the TCP layer controls congestion using Reno-2 wind ow based flow control. Our simulations show that the cross layer congestion control technique provides performance improv ement in terms of throughput and window size variations.


Regional disparities in terms of gender wage gap exhibited in the French private sector led to wonder is the same situation holds in the public sector. The depiction and the measure of the contribution of gender to wage inequality within the public services reveal the existence of a systematic bias against women, which holds in all the French regions. To go beyond this simple statement, the comparison of the results obtained in the various regions requires to propose an index of intensity of the contribution of gender to wage inequality allowing to analyse them with a unified scale. The intensities determined in every category and in every sub-sector of public services show that regions of the South and from the East of France are those where women support the highest disparities. On the contrary DOM or Limousin are little affected. The comparison of these results and estimations made for the private sector reveals a very important geographical correspondence between each other.


Three models were used to estimate primary productivity (PP) in the Southern Ocean for the summer of 2003-2007. They are the widely accepted model VGPM, a carbon-based model CbPM and a new type of model which uses phytoplankton absorption coefficient as input variable in stead of chlorophyll concentration. It was found that the degree of agreement among the results from three models was low, but the difference appeared relatively small with regard to previous reports. Nevertheless, the results were comparable to that from a PP model parameterized specifically for use in Southern Ocean waters. Among the three models, the output from CbPM differed the most from that estimated by the other two models. The different PP estimates were primarily attributed to the different ways these models treat phytoplankton physiology, along with the difference in input variables.


Real options (RO) analysis has been of growing interest to the academic community as a promising approach to supporting investment decisions under uncertainty. In this article we examine an applied investment decision in the telecommunications industry to highlight the main benefits associated with using real options. The paper then discusses the theoretical issues raised by real options. Specifically, we examine two research streams to explain how real options contributes to a theoretical understanding of strategic management, and to better understand the gap between theory and practice of real options. Finally, we lay out an agenda for future research.


This study aims to analyze the effect of knowledge management on sustainable competitive advantage through local wisdom in a Padang restaurant business in Pekanbaru. Knowledge-sharing activities in the Padang restaurant business in Pekanbaru are an essential problem to study because this still needs to be optimally implemented. The low understanding of business actors in carrying out knowledge-sharing activities is challenging to achieve competitive competitiveness. Even though the same cultural background can be a potential strength in this knowledge-sharing activity. The sample for this research was employees of a Padang restaurant business in Pekanbaru, which was determined by purposive sampling. The analysis technique uses SEM PLS, with the study results showing that knowledge management influences sustainable competitive advantage through local wisdom in the Padang restaurant business in Pekanbaru. This research contributes empirically to an essential understanding of knowledge management based on local learning to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in Padang restaurant businesses in Pekanbaru and successfully tests local wisdom as a moderating variable.


As social media use is on the rise throughout the world, there are increasing numbers of scholars studying the ways that social media increases conflict and how the nature of the algorithm causes people to be consistently exposed to information that reinforces their own views of the world, known as the echo chamber effect. This echo chamber reinforces particular narratives about the world and leads to stereotyping. In fact, the online world has become one of the greatest breeding grounds for discord and toxic polarization. This discord is causing some to question whether social media forums serve any real positive benefit, influencing some to abandon these forums completely. However, aren't there also positive benefits to social media, like the ability to gain large amounts of information about people and events in real time? These mediums also connect people all over the world, who previously would never have come into contact with each other. One might argue that the benefits must outweigh the detriments or millions of people would not flock to these places to socialize, learn, and dialogue several times a day. Perhaps this argument is subject to debate, however, clearly people are getting something that they need from these online interactions. Humans are inherently social beings and it is part of their nature to relate to one another and interact. In many ways, social media has become the new normal for how people socialize and relate to others. It has been said that with the internet and social media, the world is at your doorstep. Where people used to communicate with their mouths, they now increasingly communicate with their fingers and a keyboard. However, the question remains, if social media has become a breeding ground for conflict, can it also be used as a mechanism for peace?


The effects of biochar on soil water characteristic curve were studied through adding fine biochar and coarse biochar with the rates of 0%,3%,5%to loamy sand,loam,silty clay loam.Results showed that:fine biochar and coarse biochar both increased water retention of loamy sand and reduced water retention of silty clay loam.Coarse biochar increased water retention of loam,but there was no effect of fine biochar on water retention of loam.The effects of fine biochar and coarse biochar on three types of soils were similar with biochar rate of 3%.With biochar rate of 6%,fine biochar increased the water retention of loamy sand observably while coarse biochar increased the water retention of loam significantly.Therefore,effects of biochar on soil water retention depended on soil texture,biochar particle size and biochar rate.


The article proceeds from the theoretical concept of Occidentalism as a symbolic map of the understanding, elaboration, and perceptions of West and Western Europe in particular that were developed on the eastern side of Europe. This general matrix of mutual (mis)representations and national stereotypes between East and West is applied to the selected case of Slovenia and Italy. A brief review of relations and perceptions between the two nations as they have emerged in Slovene newspapers, literature and everyday life practices in the course of time represents the socio-historical and political context of the article. Furthermore the author focuses on the nationalist topics and Slovene perceptions of Italians in contemporary Slovene writing and ethno popular music on the methodological basis of textual analysis of selected historical and current literary works as well as works of ethno popular music in the larger Slovene ethnic space.


A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method for the examination of tetracyclines has been developed. This technique provides a rapid means for the separation and identification of tetracyclines and their derivatives in a wide variety of mixtures. Acid-washed diatomaceous earth served as the support. The support was treated with a buffer consisting of 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) at pH 7.0, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400). The developing solvent was ethyl acetate saturated with 0.1 M EDTA at pH 7.0. While the work reported was limited to demethylchlortetracycline (DMCTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), it has also been successfully used with other tetracyclines.


In this work it is presented a novel in-fibre modal interferometer based on a non-adiabatic biconical fused taper that couples light between the cladding and the core, combined with the Fresnel reflection at the fibre end. It is observed that the returned light from this fibre structure shows a channelled spectrum similar to that of a two-wave Michelson interferometer. The application of this device as a fibre optic flowmeter sensor is demonstrated.


Illuminated lithograph membership certificate 1900; congratulatory testimonial "for past services" presented to brother William Evans, 25 August 1904; illuminated lithograph and photograph of William Evans mounted in hand-decorated green surround.


Aristolochic acid is founded in many traditional herbal medicines and patent medicines. It has been approved to be a carcinogen. The purpose of this study was to check the relationship of carcinogenicity and the dose of AA. The areas described the method and procedure of microwell protocol which we used in our study,and we hope to establish a method which can detect the genotoxicity of all kinds of traditional medicines. We have approved that mouse lymphama assay (MLA) can detect the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of AA through experiment. The relative survival rate and suspension growth rate of L5178Y cells decreased significantly with the increasing doses of AA. It indicates that AA has obvious cytotoxic and mutagenic effects on tk gene in L5178Y cell.


IT cannot be said that this far-reaching measure has produced any great JL immediate effect on public health administration, except as regards tuberculosis, though it promises in the future to do so. But it has made the health of a third of the population a question of State finance, and has thus placed on the State the responsibility of seeing that the contributions of the employer, of the employed, and of the State are used so as to


Assumptions that disputants are responsible for their conflicts are embedded in many of our practices for engaging conflict, when, in many instances, rational-legal institutions we rely on to do our conflict business, not individuals, may be causing and sustaining our conflicts (Cloke 2001). Using a discursive framework that draws on Foucault (1980) and Bacchi's (2009) methodology of problematization, this article critiques a psychological assessment tool used and required in a custody and access evaluation in the context of family law to show how institutional structures and context matter when third parties work with conflict.


A review on the progress and prospects of the determination of lithium in our country,relating especially to their special features and fields of application,covering mainly the years from 2000 to 2007,was presented.Methods of determination,including titration,photometry,electrochemical method,atomic absorption and emission spectrometry,ICP-AES,ICP-MS,and etc.,were commented(52 ref.cited).


The essence of Japanese customary being seated life method arranged with time and space is making a space which can change multipurposely. Just the variety of this easy life, is a sense of beauty of Japanese living which proceeds in present-day. Japanese...


One of the subjects regarding stopping and starting places in the Qur'ān is that they have an important place in the recitation science is extraction and evidence. While some letters are stated in the writing in the lettering of the Qur'ān, they are ruled out. One of the letters with this feature is the letter of "yā". While the letter of "yā" is stable in the lettering of Qur'ān, it is ruled put sometimes. It is stable in its arriving form, while it causes disagreement among the imams about the evidence and extraction in the stopping form. It differs that the letter of "yā" which is named as the quality of "yā" is a basic- non-basic one, it conjoins to a noun or verb, it comes to the middle or to the end of the versicle. The various justifications were made about the suitability for lettering The Qur'ān related that the letter of "yā" is ruled out as stopping or arriving, or it is a stable one, a proof is offered from the grammar and syntax rules, it is used in Arabic poetry and remark, and as the suitability for the interruption (the end of versicle). The letter of "yā" which is ruled out generally is due to the suitability for the interruption. This situation is commonly used in Arabic language, and Arabic poetries are shown as an evidence for this situation. In this study, the versicles which include the letter of "yā" that is stable or ruled out in arriving or stopping are determined and the views of recitation of imams are mentioned about whether the letter of "yā" is written or not in the lettering of Qur'ān. Moreover, it will be revealed that The Qur'ān which is laconic with its literal future has got a unique harmony and extent as it is used in extraction wording.


CCTV Media Park is an urban green park with large scale buildings as its basement. This study is conducted on its characteristic regional and social features, which achieve an integrity and balance between the park architecture and urban landscape.


Accurate predictions of the intensity and variability of ground motions from future large earthquakes depend strongly on our ability to simulate realistic models of the earthquake source. In order to make these simulations more accurate, we have developed a procedure to generate physically consistent earthquake rupture models. We term these models pseudo-dynamic because they are kinematic models that are designed to emulate important characteristics of fullly dynamic rupture models. The user-specified parameters to generate pseudo-dynamic rupture models are the earthquake magnitude and hypocenter, with the option of specifying the fault dimensions as well. We construct pseudo-dynamic models by first generating a slip distribution as a realization of a spatial random field that is consistent in its overall scaling and spatial variability with slip distributions observed in past earthquakes[Mai and Beroza, 2000; Mai and Beroza, 2002]. We compute the static stress drop associated with this slip distribution, which in turn is used to assign the temporal evolution of slip (rupture velocity, rise time, slip-velocity function) by applying a series of empirical relationships derived from the analysis of a set of spontaneous rupture models. A simple energy-budget calculation is used to discard source models that are not realizable as spontaneous ruptures. Our approach is based on the findings of Guatteri et al. [2003], incorporating ideas developed by Mai et al. [2001] and Guatteri et al. [2002] for a source characterization that adequately describe the dynamics of rupture without having to do full dynamic simulations. The pseudodynamic approach circumvents the limits imposed by the extreme computational demand of generating fully dynamic rupture models for simulating multiple realizations of a scenario earthquake for strong-ground motion prediction. While the relationships between source parameters described in this paper are significant simplifications of the true complexity of the physics of the rupture process, they help identify important interactions between source properties that are relevant for strong ground motion prediction.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether periodontal status is associated with oral function, including masticatory performance and occlusal force, among community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND
Although a potential association between periodontal status and oral function has been reported, variations in the root surface area (RSA) of each tooth have not been considered.

METHODS
We used data from a population-based study involving community-dwelling older adults. The RSA with periodontal ligament (RSA-PL), which quantifies the RSA attached to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, was calculated based on full-mouth periodontal examination. Masticatory performance was assessed using spectrophotometric measurement of the color (a* value) of color-changing chewing gum. The bilateral maximal occlusal force (MOF) was measured using a pressure-sensitive sheet and dedicated software. The associations of the RSA-PL, a quantitative marker of periodontal tissue support, with the a* value and MOF were assessed using linear regression models.

RESULTS
The analyses included data from 250 adults [60.8% women; age, mean (standard deviation) 82.5 (5.0) years]. On average, the study participants had an RSA-PL of 26.3 cm2 , a* value of 25.0, and an MOF value of 555.1 N. After adjustments for potential confounders, including dentition status, age, sex, dental visit regularity, smoking status, physical activity level, depressive symptoms, a history of stroke or diabetes mellitus, and body mass index, the RSA-PL was found to be associated with the a* value [coefficient (per 1 cm2 increase): 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.22)] and MOF (coefficient: 9.2, 95% CI 5.3-13.1).

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that greater amounts of remaining tooth-supporting structures, indicated by higher RSA-PL values, were associated with better masticatory performance and a higher occlusal force among community-dwelling older adults.


Pathogens leaching through the soil profile depends on many factors, including how the manure was
applied to the soil and the frequency and timing of rainfall following manure application. The effect of various manure
application techniques (broadcasting, incorporation, and pre-broadcast tillage) on bacterial leaching following different
rainfall events through intact soil cores was examined by using manure inoculated with E.coli strain RS2, that was
genetically tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP). Steady rainfall consisting of 5 cm rainfall was applied at 4,
8, and 16 days after manure application. The level of RS2 (GFP) in the leachate decreased following each rainfall
event and manure application technique did not affect leaching. Inoculum recovery averaged 77% for the first rainfall
event for all manure application techniques. Maximum numbers of RS2 (GFP), irrespective of manure application
method, occurred in the top 4 inches of the soil profile followed by a rapid decrease in their numbers with increasing
depth. Columns subjected to manure incorporation had the highest recovery of RS2 (GFP) from the soil samples.
Irrespective of the length of time the manure sits on the surface of soil or the manure application technique, the first
rainfall event is crucial in pathogens leaching through the soil. However, manure application practices affect survival
of pathogens in soil presumably due to differences in bacterial die-off due to exposure to surface environmental
conditions.


A metal-semiconductor photodiode with interdigitated finger structure was successfully fabricated and characterized. The metal used for the schottky contact was Ti/Au and the substrate semiconductor was an ndoped GaAs. The turn-on voltage of the photodiode was 0.2 V while the breakdown voltage was -0.5 V. The relatively low measured values were attributed to the high doping concentration of the substrate. Photocurrent generation started at 1.4 eV which approximately corresponds to the GaAs energy bandgap.


We have examined the aging and reactivation mechanisms of the tabun-conjugated AChE using MP2/6-31 + G*//M05-2X/6-31G* level of theory. The activation barriers have been calculated for the aging process considering both O-dealkylation and deamination (P–N anti deamination and rearrangement–deamination) pathways. The aging process is reported as a competing reaction with the reactivation process as the deamination/dealkylation process occurs rapidly with a half-life (<1–30 min) depending on the enzyme. To avoid the aging process, suitable reactivators are in demand to restore the function of AChE. 3-Hydroxy-2-pyridylamide oxime (amidoxime (I)) has been chosen as the reactivator to examine the competing aging process of tabun-conjugated AChE. The energy of activation predicted for the reactivation of tabun-conjugated AChE by 3-hydroxy-2-pyridylamide oxime (amidoxime (I)) is 2.3 kcal mol−1, which is lower than the activation energies calculated for studied aging processes. The structural analysis from the docking studies of the model oxime (I) and the oximes used for the reactivation of tabun-inhibited AChE reveals that the peripheral sites play an important role for the efficacy of drugs. The reactivator is stabilized by π–π interaction with Tyr337, edge to face (C–H⋯π) interaction with Trp86 residues and hydrogen bonding interactions with His447 and alkoxy oxygen of tabun in the active site of tabun-inhibited AChE. Such stabilization from surrounding aromatic residues is helpful for the favourable orientation of the oxime group towards the phosphorus centre of tabun. The calculated Log P value indicates that the neutral reactivator can effectively penetrate through the blood brain barrier. The calculated results show that the neutral antidotes can effectively reactivate the tabun-inhibited AChE prior to its aging process.


Bloodethanol concentrations after separateoraldosingandintravenous infusion ofethanol (0.15glkg) were measuredin16 control subjects and 13subjects treated withranitidine. Allsubjects underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Peakbloodethanolconcentrations, and area underthebloodethanol/time curve, were significantly higherintheranitidine group afteroral,but not intravenous, ethanoladministration. The firstpass metabolism, as calculated bythedifference betweenthearea underthecurves, was significantly lowerintheranitidine group. Inaddition, allsubjects withdrawn fromranitidine (n=6)had a significant reduction inpeakbloodethanol concentration and area underthecurve after repeatdosingwithoralethanol. Both groups were wellmatchedforage, sex, indications forendoscopy, findings at endoscopy, and gastric histology. These findings show thatranitidine increases thebioavailability oflow doseethanol andhaspossible shortterm forensic, and longtermphysical implications formoderatedrinkers who are taking thedrug. (Gut1995; 37:413-417)


Two-stage cultivation is a cultivation technology that tree grows with natural lighting in the earlier stage,with short time shade in the late stage.The cultivation trials of landscape tree species Taxus chinensis var.mairei.were conducted in Mingxi,Fujian.The effects of two-stage cultivation on growth and ornamental traits of T.chinensis var.mairei were studied.The results show that the shading cultivation with long-period shade reduced the numbers of main branches,sub-branches,average length more than with natural lighting cultivation and there was no significant difference between natural lighting cultivation and two-stage cultivation;the natural lighting cultivation significantly decreased leaves' total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b more than with shade and short period shade of two-stage method,and made leaves colour worse,and there was no significant difference between shade and two-stage;the two-stage and natural lighting' leaf length and width were significantly less than long period shade,leaf thick was obviously larger than long shade,and no significant difference in index of leaves shape;the long term shade made plant type significantly divergent,the branches and leaves dense degree more thin sparse,but the two-stage cultivation with short-term shade(1 month) had no significant differences in plant type and branches and leaves dense degree comparing with natural lighting cultivation.Two-stage cultivation technology had more ideal effects than the other two methods in ornamental traits of landscape type T.chinensis var.mairei.


A new method of allocation and optimization of reliability of weapon system was presented.The problem of allocation and optimization of reliability weapon system which was constructed on resources restricts was reduced to the problem of fuzzy nonlinear programing by building a model balancing the relationship of resources,reliability degree and satisfaction degree.In order to gain feasible numerical solution to the problem,an improved genetic algorithm which has its mutation in the weighted gradient direction was proposed.By using this method,the reliability allocation and optimization of an antiaircraft gun system can be solved effectively and efficiently.


The invention discloses a hoisting and fixing device capable of guaranteeing that a simple forklift operates along with a container and a method applying the hoisting and fixing device. A traction platform of a trailer is fixedly provided with a lower frame. The lower frame is provided with a slideable upper frame to bear the forklift descending in place. A platform is additionally arranged between the container and the lower frame and at the left front end or the right front end of the traction platform of the trailer. A support is hinged to the platform and capable of being arranged on the platform in a toppling or erected mode. The support is provided with a lifting mechanism to hoist the simple forklift and place and fix the forklift to the upper in-place position of the upper frame. The available configuration of the container and the trailer is fully utilized, a manufacturing mechanism enables the simple forklift to operate along with the container, the warehouse-to-warehouse service can be achieved, the problem of the last 10 meters is solved for customers, and the consistent transport and mechanized assembling and disassembling works of container trays are promoted.


A bench-scale forward osmosis–membrane distillation (FO–MD) system was applied to flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater generated at coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) focusing on water recovery, ...


A photo-differential scanning calorimetric (Photo-DSC) technique was used to study the photoinitiated radical polymerization of a 75% epoxy diacrylate (EA) and 25% tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate (TPGDA) mixture with 2-mercaptothioxanthone (TX-SH) as photoinitiator by using different light intensities. Photopolymerization reactions were carried out under identical conditions of temperature and initiator concentration. It was observed that all conversion curves during gelation at various UV light intensities present good sigmoidal behavior as predicted by the percolation model. Observations around the critical time, called the glass transition point (tg), taken for polymerization to reach the maximum rate (Rp max) show that the gel fraction exponents β obeyed the universal percolation picture. On the other hand, Rp max, t g, and final conversion values were found to be dependent on the UV light intensity.


Yemlihâ-zâde Mustafa Kamil Efendi is a person who lived in the 19th century and wrote his works in line with the classical poetry tradition. Information about his life is very limited. The information in Bursalı Mehmed Tahir's Ottoman Authors and what he says about himself in his printed-manuscript works help him to get to know him. The poet, whose date of birth is unknown, is a member of the Yemlihâ-zâde family, which draws attention in raising scholars and judges in Elbistan. He served in the office of kadı and died in 1294/1877 while he was a kadı of Kayseri. The poet, who is a Mevlevi, is very proficient in Arabic and Persian. Especially the texts and commentaries written in Arabic are remarkable. It is seen that Mustafa Kamil Efendi, who is knowledgeable in Islamic sciences, read the works revealed in these sciences and wrote works in fields such as hadith and fiqh. In addition, when we look at his works, it is understood that he has an explanatory aspect due to his annotations, and even more prominent than his poetry. He is one of the exceptional names who commented on his famous works in Islamic literature (Imam Bûsîrî's Mudariyye Kasidesi, Ka'b bin Züheyr's Kaside-i 1 Öğr. Gör. Dr., Atatürk Üniversitesi, ATATÖMER (Erzurum, Türkiye), email@example.com, ORCID ID: 00000002-1393-8669 [Araştırma makalesi, Makale kayıt tarihi: 20.01.2022-kabul tarihi: 20.02.2022; DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.1074017] R u m e l i D E D i l v e E d e b i y a t A r a ş t ı r m a l a r ı D e r g i s i 2 0 2 2 . 2 6 ( Ş u b a t ) / 6 5 9 Yemlihâ-zâde Mustafa Kâmil Efendi'nin hayatı, edebî yönü ve eserleri / M. M. Özgeriş (658-674. s.) Adres RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Osmanağa Mahallesi, Mürver Çiçeği Sokak, No:14/8 Kadıköy İSTANBUL / TÜRKİYE 34714 e-posta: firstname.lastname@example.com tel: +90 505 7958124, +90 216 773 0 616 Address RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies Osmanağa Mahallesi, Mürver Çiçeği Sokak, No:14/8 Kadıköy ISTANBUL / TURKEY 34714 e-mail: email@example.com, phone: +90 505 7958124, +90 216 773 0 616 Bürde, Kasidetü'l-Bürde, as well as the Bânet Su'âd eulogy, etc.). Although he mostly made his annotations in Arabic, he also wrote annotations in Turkish. Yemlihâ-zâde Mustafa Kamil Efendi has many works in verse and prose form. While some of them cannot be reached; no studies have been done on some of them. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to his recognition by giving some information about the poet/commentator who has not been mentioned as much as he deserves.


The current study was designed to investigate the protective and curative effects of Panax ginseng aqueous crude extract (PACE) against the changing of liver enzymes and some renal functions, induced by aflatoxins exposure in vivo. Aflatoxins (AFs) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Blood Urea, Serum Uric Acid and Serum Creatinine in mice orally administrated with 9 mg/kg b. w crude extraction of AFs. Whereas the levels of Bilirubin showed different values in all groups ranging from 0.29 mg/dl to 0.45 mg/dl which were in normal range (0.17-1 mg/dl). The mice were pretreated with 150, 100, and 50 mg/kg b. w doses of PACE orally for ten consecutive days, led to significant reductions in levels of the parameters which were studied (100 mg/kg b. w was near to the normal values in a significant manner, whereas 50mg/kg b. w was appeared nonsignificant result (p ≥ 0.05) with uric acid). Furthermore, post-treated mice with same doses of PACE orally for twenty one consecutive days revealed a significant result at 150 mg/kg b. w more than 100 mg/kg b. w, however the third concentration gave non-significant results (p ≥ 0.05).


To investigate the influence from chemical order to the spontaneous magnetization and unit cell volume in partially ordered B2 Fe-Al system, the vapor quenched single crystalline films of Fe0.6Al0.4 were systematically studied. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the chemical order in Fe0.6Al0.4 was changed from long to short range B2 order with lowering the deposition temperature. This chemical order changing accompanied the strong enhancement of spontaneous magnetization with the expansion of lattice volume.


Fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is becoming an increasingly important tool for real-time monitoring of energy and civil infrastructure structural health such as pipelines. We present a systematic theoretical study of the potential for DAS to be directly coupled with guided ultrasonic waves typically used in conventional acoustic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods for real-time pipeline health monitoring. We are referring to this innovative new NDE technique as ultrasonic guided wave and optical fiber sensor fusion. In the practical application of DAS coupled with guided ultrasonic waves, the structural design of (1) the specific guided waves excited, (2) the physical installation of the acoustic transducers and the fiber optic sensors, and (3) the functional performance specifications (gauge length, sensitivity, Etc.) of fiber optic DAS have an important influence on overall capabilities of the monitoring system. Meanwhile, physics-based analysis of acoustic waves is still a challenge due to the complex nature of the Lamb wave when it propagates, scatters, and disperses in the presence of structural defects. In this work, we simulate carbon steel pipes relevant for oil and gas pipeline applications with diameters of approximately 6-12" and wall thickness of 0.5" as the objects to be monitored. By establishing and implementing these capabilities, we seek to pursue an in-depth study on structural parameter optimization of DAS network, measurement range, and signal processing with an ultimate goal of increasing the sensitivity and efficacy of DAS to defect identification for various modes of corrosion expected in practice. To study the characteristics of scattered acoustic waves and performance of DAS for defect identification, we simulated the response of DAS for multiple pipe structures, defect types, and DAS sensor network configuration using finite element software Ansys, then the properties of signal response are extracted to construct defect-sensitive features. The raw data simulated, and the associated features extracted can ultimately be utilized as annotated training data to benchmark various designs for DAS applications, guided acoustic excitation sources, and learning model parameters to enhance early detection of potentially problematic defects.


Resonant flow-induced oscillations of a flexible cable can occur when the damping of the cable system is sufficiently small. The changes in the flow field that occur in the near wake of the cable during these resonant oscillations are closely related to the changes in the fluid forces that accompany these oscillations. The present wind tunnel experiments were undertaken to examine the effects that forced synchronized vibration and the helically-wound cross section of the cable have on near wake vortex shedding-related parameters; specifically the shedding frequency, vortex formation length Lf , reduced velocity Ur , vortex strength and the wake width Lw . The range of flow speeds over which the vortex shedding was locked on to the vibration frequency varied directly with the vibration amplitude. The helical cross section and the synchronized vibration caused significant changes in the near wake development that could be directly related to the increase in hydrodynamic forces associated with unforced synchronized vibration.


is given b ~ Tholtlpson where P, is t l t c drcisioll prol)nl)ilit>level, i.e., t'lw lcvcl ahovc which protective Irleusures will need to be taken in order to nlirlilllize loss, ('is tho cost of taking  protective,  nleasures, and I, is  tltc  resulting  loss if protective  measures  arc  not alicn  and  tllc  weather event occurs. 'I'llompson [ a ] , in a study dealing with tlle deficiencies of categorical forecasts, and Tholtlpson and Brier [3], developed  further  the  relationship  between calculated risk and the uscfulrlcss of weather forecasts. As a result of t'he growing interest in forecasts expressed in probabilistic  terms,  tllc  nlcasureltlcnt of forecasting skill exhibit'ed by this type of forecast hecomes of increasing significance. An extension of conventiorlal 111etIrods to the rneasurc1rlent of the skill of probabilistic forecasts is presen tcd here.


Creatine transporter deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in the creatine transporter protein encoded by the SLC6A8 gene. Previous treatment with creatine supplementation, either alone or in combination with creatine precursors (arginine or glycine), has been attempted; the efficacy of therapy, however, remains controversial.


There are growing numbers of long-term survivors of increasingly complex anti-cancer treatments. This chapter summarises some of the complex, often multi-organ, late effects of modern cancer treatments.


The prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema were analyzed in relation to retrospective risk factors from birth in a questionnaire study of schoolchildren in two areas covering the whole climatic span of Sweden: the Göteborg area on the southwestern coast (7‐year‐olds, n= 1649) and Kiruna, a mining town in the northernmost inland mountains (7–9‐year‐olds, n= 832). The strongest background factor, a family history of the diseases, was more common in children with another strong risk factor, particularly for asthma: high frequency of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Other significant risk factors related to high indoor humidity caused an increased prevalence of both allergic diseases and URTI. Active mechanical ventilation of the homes caused a slight reduction of the prevalence of allergic diseases, and repainting or new wallpaper in the bedroom of the child after birth caused a moderately increased risk of allergic disease. This study illustrates the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors with special emphasis on factors related to an unventilated indoor climate, which may have substantially contributed to the current increase of the diseases in the country.


This paper studies the effect of modifying the control limits of an aircraft engine to obtain additional performance. In an emergency situation, the ability to operate an engine above its normal operating limits and thereby gain additional performance may aid in the recovery of a distressed aircraft. However, the modification of an engine's limits is complex due to the risk of an engine failure. This paper focuses on the tradeoff between enhanced performance and risk of either incurring a mechanical engine failure or compromising engine operability. The ultimate goal is to increase the engine performance, without a large increase in risk of an engine failure, in order to increase the probability of recovering the distressed aircraft. The control limit modifications proposed are to extend the rotor speeds, temperatures, and pressures to allow more thrust to be produced by the engine, or to increase the rotor accelerations and allow the engine to follow a fast transient. These modifications do result in increased performance; however this study indicates that these modifications also lead to an increased risk of engine failure.


Objective To provide reliable anatomical basis for more effective and reasonable use of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and ulnar nerve as nerve graft for contralateral C_7 transfer.Methods 16 sides of 8 embalmed cadavers and 6 sides of 3 fresh cadavers were dissected.The course,branches and blood supply of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and ulnar nerve were observed.The relation between these two nerves were also recorded.Results The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the ulnar nerve are originated from lower trunk of the brachial plexus.They lie next to each other and travel (26.5±3.4)cm to the elbow joint.The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve was found,in 18 sides of 9 cadavers,to divide into an anterolateral and a posteromedial branch about (7.68±3.4)cm proximal to the medial epicondyle.No branching was noticed in 4 sides of 2 cadavers.At the mid upper arm level,the medial antebraehial cutaneous nerve contains an average of 4.8 fascicles,ranging from 4 to 8 fascieles.There are 6 to 11 fascicles in the ulnar nerve at that level,the average being 8.1.The disseetable length of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve from its origin to mid forearm level is (25.8±2.1 )cm.The disseetable length of the ulnar nerve is (59.2±6.4)cm.Those two nerves can be harvested within one incision to be used as nerve graft. Conclusion The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve and the ulnar nerve can be used as nerve graft in contralateral C_7 transfer for treatment of brachial plexus injuries.


In modern agriculture, it is necessary to identify strategic steps that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions: on the one hand, reducing emissions by cutting down fuel consumption, reducing soil interference, limiting nitrogen losses when using fertilisers, and on the other hand – increasing the efficiency of carbon extraction from the atmosphere through plant photosynthesis and sequestration as organic matter of the soil. The purpose of this study is to figure out the influence on the carbon balance of such elements of the agricultural system as the system of tillage and the use of intermediate cover crops in a model 4-field crop rotation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine. This work was performed using the method of empirical calculations based on the online calculator of greenhouse gas emissions Cool Farm Tool. The influence of intermediate crops in two fields of crop rotation (after the early grain predecessors – wheat and winter barley) and tillage systems (traditional, reduced, and no-till) on the balance of carbon emissions and sequestration in the model 4-field crop rotation was analysed. According to the results, it was found that during the model 4-field crop rotation under the conditions of the classical system of tillage for sunflower and maize without intermediate crops and reduced processing for wheat and barley, the total greenhouse gas emissions amount to 4015 kg/ha of CO2 -eq. in 4 years. Switching to a reduced tillage system has been shown to reduce emissions by 30.1%. The addition of two intermediate crops in two crop rotation fields before spring crops allows obtaining a negative balance of greenhouse gas emissions of -377 kg/ha of CO2 -eq. during this period, and when switching to no-till for all crops -1221 kg/ha of CO2 -eq. for a 4-year rotation period. This study will help identify strategic steps and their potential contribution to the development and implementation of agricultural systems with minimal greenhouse gas emissions

https://sciencehorizon.com.ua/web/uploads/pdf/Scientific Horizons_2022_Vol. 25, No. 9-84-95.pdf


A novel multi-mode active power quality conditioner (MAPQC) for series voltage compensation is proposed. In the MAPQC, an improved single-phase full bridge circuit is developed to perform both flexible compensation of line voltage and crucial energy balance at DC side. Moreover, two small backup batteries are implemented to smooth temporary voltage fluctuation at DC side; hence the actions of the pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier are efficiently reduced. The control signal is directly derived from the instantaneous voltage value of ac mains without processing harmonic frequency. Thus the MAPQC can work in simple open-loop state, which ensures high-speed and precise response to harmonic voltage distortion and load voltage excursion. Compared with previous methods, this scheme is simpler and more economical in practice. Operation principles and realization of the new MAPQC are discussed in detail. Experimental results obtained from a 2 kVA prototype show that it has good performance in quality power supplying applications.


This paper presents a statistical method used to develop an empirical equivalence between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Dynamic Probe Super Heavy (DPSH) in sandy material. Penetration resistance values from the two tests are often taken as equivalent for design purposes, as the same drive energy is used in both. SPT and DPSH resistance values from different geological depositional and weathering environments were examined. The data came from the following areas across southern Africa: Matola in Mozambique, Gope in Botswana, Umdloti and Cape Town in South Africa, and Illha de Luanda in Angola. It was apparent that energy losses were greater in the DPSH test than in the SPT, leading to higher resistance values in the former. The SPT is carried out within a borehole, whereas the DPSH is continuously driven into the soil. The dynamic force applied to the DPSH rods causes soil to fill the small air annulus around the rods, exerting a frictional resistance. The different geological settings of the test sites revealed that, although different factors cause the friction, the equivalence varied in a similar manner. Hence a single correlation formula is suggested to determine equivalent SPT values from raw DPSH resistance values.


Eight eggplant varieties with different chill-tolerances were treated under 5℃, 15℃, 25℃ to evaluate the content of Pro, soluble sugar. The results shown that the content of Pro and soluble sugar gradually increased with the declining treated temperature, and the strong chill-tolerance varieties had more than the weak ones in addible numbers. Under low temperature (5℃) the content of Pro and soluble sugar had significant and high significant negative correlation with the chilling index, and the differences were obvious among them.


We calculate the one-loop partition function of three-dimensional parity even tricritical gravity. Agreement with logarithmic conformal field theory single-particle partition functions on the field theory side is found and we furthermore discover a partially massless limit of linearized six-derivative parity even gravity. Then we define a 'truncation' of the critical theory, at the level of the partition function, by calculating black hole determinants via summation over quasi-normal mode spectra and discriminating against those modes which are not present in the physical spectrum. This 'truncation' is applied to critical new massive gravity and three-dimensional parity even tricritical gravity.


Active ∞ow control of a wing with a oscillatory camber is discussed. The wing uses an adaptive actuator mounted internally to alter the shape of the suction surface which results in a change in the efiective camber by increasing the maximum thickness and moving the location of maximum thickness aft. Since the actuator motion can be altered continuously, this allows the wing shape to be either static or dynamic. Basic control options are discussed for the general case and preliminary results and observations are presented. Dynamic oscillations are used to control the separation over the wing. Experiments in a wind tunnel at low speeds are conducted using PIV and ∞ow visualization. These are compared to results from a numerical investigation. c Chord length Rec Reynolds number based on length c f Actuation frequency, Hz f + Reduced frequency, f ¢c=U FFP Forward ∞ow probability U Freestream velocity fi Angle of attack, deg


A fault-tolerant technique valid for both open-loop and vector-control motor-drive systems is introduced in this paper. The technique is merely presented for AC motors with Delta-connected circuits in their stator windings. Hence, it enables the operation of the three phase motor upon a failure in one of its phases without the need of a special fault detection algorithm. This technique is to significantly mitigate torque pulsations, which are caused by an open-Delta configuration in the stator windings. The performance of the fault-tolerant technique was experimentally verified using a 5-hp 460V induction motor-drive system and the results are presented in this paper.


To retard charge recombination efficiently in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), an ultrathin film of single-crystal titania nanosheets is pre-coated on a conductive substrate as a blocking layer through electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly. The marked effect of the self-assembled titania nanosheet film is the remarkable enhancements of short-circuit photocurrent by 45%, from 12.57 to 18.24 mA cm−2, and open-circuit photovoltage by 16%, from 690 to 798 mV. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency is improved notably by 61% from 6.50% to 10.48% when a 50 nm thick titania nanosheet film is pre-coated as a blocking layer, which is also superior to that obtained by using a pyrolyzed blocking layer (7.79%) and the well-known TiCl4 treatment (efficiency of 7.98%). Controlled intensity modulated photovoltage/photocurrent spectra reveal that the self-assembled blocking layer of titania nanosheets not only retards charge recombination but also increases the charge collection efficiency, accounting for the remarkable increase in open-circuit photovoltage and short-circuit photocurrent, respectively. This finding implies that pre-deposition of an ultrathin TiO2 nanosheet layer on the conductive substrate would be an ideal strategy to remarkably increase short-circuit photocurrent and open-circuit photovoltage simultaneously and thus to enhance the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs remarkably.


An integrated indices system for the evaluation of farmland quality was built based on the definition of farmland quality connotation.Using this method,the dynamic change of farmland quality between 1995 and 2005 in Hubei Province was analyzed.The research results indicated that the comprehensive quality of farmland in Hubei Province shows an increasing trend although it varied from year to year.The components of the comprehensive farmland quality,i.e.,the background quality,economic quality and ecological quality varied differently.The farmland background quality performed a slow and gentle change from 1995 to 2005 with a small annual variation;the economic quality increased markedly from 1995 to 1999,and then showed a downward trend after 1999;the ecological quality showed a steady downward trend with the decreasing rate reduced in recent years;and the comprehensive quality kept a stable increasing trend before 1999,and then decreased from then on.The leading factors that induced the farmland comprehensive quality change are economical quality and ecological quality,due to changes related to different socio-economic and resource environment management during the different phase of development in Hubei Province.In contrast,the background quality had little effect on the change of comprehensive farmland quality.The method developed in this study can comprehensively reflect characteristics and process of farmland quality changes.


Thermoplastics/chitosan-powder composite foams were prepared by extrusion using azodicarbonamide (ACA) as chemical blowing agent. The effect of chitosan content on morphology (cell size, nucleation density and foam density) of the foams was studied. Chitosan particles are located on the bubbles periphery. Morphological quantification showed that foam cell size decreased and cell population increased with addition of chitosan into polymeric matrix from 1 to 10%. Further, optimum chitosan content was obtained for each polymer. Polymers foamed with chitosan were tested as a chelating resin to adsorb chromium (Cr VI) from different concentration solutions.


As main leaders of our party,Mao zhedong,Deng xiaoping and Jiang zhemin are in power in different periods,but fight against corruption and advocacy for clean governance is their basic policy to run our country and the Party.The theory of fight against corruption and advocacy for clean governance originates from Mao zhedong,and Deng xiaoping and Jiang zhemin enrich and develope it.On the one hand,their theories coincide with each other,on the other hand,show their own characteristics.Studying seriously and comprehending these ideologies and theories can help us to understand and check corruption so as to achieve a complete success in fight against corruption and advocacy for clean governance,which has far reaching historic and realistic significance.


Abstract: The inherent deformation produced by two or more overlapped heating lines is not equal to that obtained when individual deformations are simply added. Thus, the effect of overlapping on inherent deformation, need to be clarified in order to achieve full understanding of the phenomenon of plate forming by line heating. In this paper, a 3D thermal-elasto-plastic FEA has been performed to study this problem in details. Using this FEA, the influence of previous heating on the inherent deformation of overlapped heating lines, considering various conditions, is clarified. From the results of this study, a method to determine the overlapping effect is developed. Using this method, the overlapping effect, for a wide range of plate thickness and heating conditions, is easily obtained, been this, another important step toward the automation of the line heating process.


Recent defenses of shaming as an effective tool for identifying bad practice and provoking social change appear compatible with feminism. I complicate this picture by examining two instances of online feminist shaming that resulted in shame backlashes. Shaming requires the assertion of social and epistemic authority on behalf of a larger community, and is dependent upon an audience that will be receptive to the shaming testimony. In cases where marginally situated knowers attempt to "shame up," it presents challenges for feminist uses.


In this paper we consider a stable linear system which is subjected to both deterministic and stochastic parameter disturbances. Bounds on the perturbations are obtained which guarantee that the perturbed system is stable. The results are illustrated by two examples.<<ETX>>


A conceptual design study was performed for the proposed "SOFIA" project, which is a 2.5+ meter primary telescope to bemounted in an open port on the side of a Boeing 747 aircraft, aft of the wing. Among the requirements are pointing stabilityof 0.14" per axis and a blur circle of 1.5" for the telescope in the visible portion of the spectrum. The wavelength band isfrom 0.3 µm to 1600 Rm. The telescope is to be a Nasmyth type so that the instrument package extends into the pressurizedcabin for easy access to the experimenter. The designs studied included a centered bearing telescope, a dumbbellconfiguration similar to the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, and an off-axis configuration with no obscuration. Both attachedand unattached Nasmyth tubes were considered. The latter requires an articulated tertiary, so scan noise was calculated. Anonlinear tracking model was used to determine the closed loop pointing stability. Observable star magnitudes werecalculated. A survey of primary mirrors was performed, with the spin-cast borosilicate honeycomb sandwich mirror havingthe best overall qualities. The remaining major issues were identified, including fabricating the air bearing and a laboratorydemonstration of the pointing stability in the presence of the aircraft vibration spectra.


With the accelerated development of robot technologies, optimal control becomes one of the central themes of research. In traditional approaches, the controller, by its internal functionality, find...


An unpublished manuscript concerning the Music Chapel in the collegiate church in Manresa, written by the local historian Joaquim Sarret i Arbos has provided us with much information about the said chapel, which was founded in 1611, relating to data on the electoral system, salaries and the duties of the maestri di cappella and the choir members as well as a chronology of the incumbent maestri di cappella from the year 1625 (Rev. Jaume Canyelles) until 1919 (Rev. Mariano Torras). We can therefore not only discover the names of the maestri di cappella and their work load, but also their acdvities and the context in which the Music Chapel developed in the collegiate church of the city of Manresa.


According to Kappers et al., ('36) the bulbus olfactorius accessorius is absent in the bat, a conclusion supported by the studies of Humphrey ('36) on Tadarida mexicana and Schneider's ('37) more extensive survey which involved the following species : Rousettus aegyptiacus, Pteropus giganteus, Saccopteryx bilineata, Noctilio labialis, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Rh. hipposideros, Rh. mehelyi, Chilonycteris rubiginosa, Pteronotus suapurensis, Phyllostomus discolor, Glossophaga soricina, Carollia perspicillata, Desmodus rotundus, Natalus mexicanus, Myotis myotis, Plecotus auritus, Miniopterus schreibersi, Molossus rufus. On the basis of recent studies to be reported here this general conclusion must be qualified for a completely developed accessory olfactory bulb has been found in the brains of a number of Phyllostomatoidea, and in species in three of the genera, i.e., Phyllostomus, Glossophaga, Desmodus, which were studied by Schneider ('57).


The invention researches a rapid propagation method for tissue culture of loropetalum chinense. The rapid propagation method comprises the following steps: sterilizing a seed, culturing a sterile seedling, inducing an axillary bud, propagating a cluster bud, inducing rooting, strengthening the seedling, transplanting, and the like. According to the rapid propagation method, loropetalum chinense is taken as a raw material, the influence of different hormone combinations to rapid propagation of loropetalum chinense is compared and analyzed, and thus a certain basis is made for establishment of a rapid propagation system, blastogenesis improvement and the like of the plant.


In our laboratory, we have developed a method to simultaneously inject different powders from the central axis direction and radial direction of the cold spray nozzle and are producing a composite coating by this method. In the previous research of our laboratory, an Al-12Si alloy coating with excellent wear resistance was produced by micro-forging assisted cold spray using the simultaneous nozzle injection method of powder in the axial and radial directions. Here, Al- 12Si alloy, which has excellent wear resistance, was used for the coating-formed particles, and stainless steel was used for the micro-forging particles. However, because the micro-forging particles were hollow, they remained in the coating. In this paper, we evaluated the influence of increasing the mixing ratio of micro-forging particles instead of solid (no holes) micro-forging particles on the coating structure. At the same time, the behaviors of particles by computational fluid dynamics are also investigated.


Modern medicine increasingly depends on digital image exchange for diagnosing, representing in 2D, and reconstructing pathological entities in 3D. With the diffusion of the Internet, a major limitation of free and widespread sharing of data between physicians has been the size of the files, which are often too large to be transferred easily. For example, a chest CT may be 420 MByte in size, and a coronary angiogram may be 200 MByte. A recent patient with unstable angina was operated on following a coronary angiogram exchanged through a smartphone application (app) for multimedia instant messaging. This prompted the present case report.