In this paper, a novel torque sharing function (TSF)-based direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) strategy is presented to reduce the torque ripple for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) by using a multi-level converter. The corresponding control algorithm is described and analyzed during the different conduction regions in detail. By using the new converter topology, the TSF-based DITC can compensate the voltage limitation of the conventional converter and accelerate the magnetization and demagnetization during the commutation region to achieve quick torque tracking, which helps to improve the SRM dynamic performance and efficiency. The proposed torque control scheme is verified to reduce the torque ripple effectively by the simulation based on a 750 W, three-phase 12/8-pole SRM prototype.


The objective was to assess the productive performance of milking dairy cows grazing festulolium (Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis variety Spring Green) or two varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) variety Bargala and variety Payday in small-scale dairy systems in central Mexico. Six Holstein cows were used in a set of two 3 X 3 Latin Squares design. Treatments were continuous grazing for 10 h/d of Bargala, Payday or Spring Green festulolium pastures, supplemented with 5 kg of commercial compound concentrate cow/day. Animal variables were milk yield, live weight, body condition score, and fat and protein content in milk. In pastures variables were net herbage accumulation (NHA), sward height, and chemical composition of hand-plucked samples of herbage in terms of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and the enzymatic in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments for milk yield, milk composition or live-weight; nor there were differences (P>0.05) for pasture variables. Spring Green festulolium performed similarly in pasture and animal variables as Bargala or Payday perennial ryegrasses. It is concluded that the three grasses under grazing are adequate for small-scale dairy systems with no advantage in using festulolium.


Abstract : A maintenance system is built on preventive and corrective maintenance. Of these two, preventive maintenance is that which permits planning in advance. It is based on scheduled treatments done at different levels and at different frequencies. In tanks in action, preventive maintenance done at the intermediate level has the greatest influence on the efficiency of the maintenance system. In this study, the efficiency of the maintenance system will be checked by performing a controlled experiment, using different intervals between planned treatments at the intermediate level. The basis of the mathematical model developed is the assumption that a change in the frequency of treatment will cause a change in the number of failures. The model also takes into consideration other variables, such as mean time between maintenance (both preventive and corrective) and total number of treatments, subject to the constraints of availability and reliability. In addition, a method is presented for determining the optimum sample size for such an experiment. The objective of the experiment, after collecting data and applying the mathematical model to the data, is to determine the optimal maintenance system--that system which yields the best ratio of combat effectiveness to cost. (Author)


Background: Traumatic injuries are the fourth most common cause of death in all age/race/sex groups. Computed tomography (CT) is considered to be the current gold standard when providing a quick and accurate diagnosis of multiple injuries. However, a consensus regarding the study of chest abdomen pelvis (C-A-P) in polytrauma patients (PP) has not been reached. Aim: To present an attempt at reducing the dose of ionizing radiation from CT in an emergency setting. Materials and methods: We reviewed the hospital's medical records for PP who had undergone CT scans between 2011 and 2016. We evaluated CT phase sensitivity and contribution to the radiation dose and the associated oncogenic risk, as well as the workload of a radiologist. Results: The most common traumatic findings were blood and/or hematoma within the abdominal cavity, lung contusion, pneumothorax, parenchymal organ injury, and rib fractures. The non-enhanced phase did not supply any additional information and was inferior to contrast-enhanced phases when diagnosing parenchymal organ injury and active hemorrhaging, meanwhile, it contributed to 19.7% of the workload and 29.5% of the radiation. The mean effective doses (ED) of C-A-P CT and whole body CT (WBCT) were 61.2 (± 27.7) mSv and 109.4 (± 30.5) mSv accordingly. PP' received WBCT related mean ED was associated with cancer morbidity risk of 0.5% or 1/167. Conclusion: Non-enhanced CT scans in PP contribute to wasted resources, increased radiation doses and higher future cancer risk, and supply no additional data when diagnosing traumatic findings.


The task of the present invention is to provide an electric condenser including a plurality of batteries capable of preventing a short circuit between a bus bar in an abnormal state and a container. In order to perform the task, the present invention provides an electric condenser (1) including a plurality of batteries (10). Each of the batteries includes: a container (100) which accommodates an electrode body (400); and a positive terminal (200) and a negative terminal (300) which protrude from the container (100) in the same direction and are electrically connected to the electrode body (400). The electric condenser includes: a bus bar (150) which electrically connects a first terminal which is one among the positive terminal (200) and the negative terminal (300) of a first battery (10a) among the batteries (10) and a second terminal which is one among the positive terminal (200) and the negative terminal (300) of a second battery (10a) among the batteries (10) opposite to the first terminal; a packing (330) which is placed between the first terminal and the container (100) of the first battery (10a); and an insulation member (160) which is placed between the bus bar (150) and the container (100) of the first battery (10a).


Two studies of posthypnotic amnesia tested predictions derived from the 'source' monitoring theory of self-consciousness. Experiment 1 tested the prediction that posthypnotic source amnesia is irreversible, because hypnosis attenuates self-consciousness of whether one's sensations have an imaginal source or a perceptual source. In this initial study, recall amnesia was reversed by posthypnotic cuing with a prearranged signal, but source amnesia was not reversed by such cuing. Experiment 2 examined whether the cued reversal of recall amnesia is attributable, in part, to the hypnotic attenuation of self-conscious 'source monitoring' and, in part, to the reversal of recall criteria: from a criterion rejecting 'seemingly imaginary' or 'sourceless' memories, to a criterion accepting 'sourceless but familiar' memories. In this latter study, posthypnotic recall amnesia was breached when subjects were instructed to trust their seemingly imaginary memories, but not when they were instructed to try harder to remember.


Criminal evidence is showing the court with an adversarial approach attendant,and its theoretical foundation is the establishment of the concept of procedural justice. China' s criminal justice reform of evidence show has gained initial results. But because of the imperfection of the laws and the different understanding of the value of this system,some reform departs from its original value. Therefore,the system reform must show its theoretical foundation value,and carry out model selection and system design.


Caries are difficult to diagnose in their early stages, often going undetected until patients are brought in for dental treatment under general anaesthesia and assessment of teeth is performed. This late detection happens because bacteria infiltrate into the dentine, creating the perfect climate for dentine destruction from within the tooth before any involvement of the enamel is seen. This article will demonstrate how bacteria infiltrate within the oral cavity, and discuss key client communication and education along with outlining preventative oral hygiene measures to prevent caries formation including diet and daily toothbrushing. As always, prevention is better than cure and veterinary nurses are fundamental in the prevention of oral pathologies caused by bacteria.


We present metal implantation in thin-film barium titanate-on-insulator by diffusing various metals and the induced refractive index changes. Up to 0.17 of index change has been observed with some metals, and design and fabrication of implanted waveguide will be discussed.


Joint cartilage thickness has been estimated using spatially resolved steady-state reflectance spectroscopy noninvasively and in-real time. The system consists of a miniature UV-VIS spectrometer, a halogen tungsten light source, and an optical fiber probe with six 400 um diameter fibers. The first fiber was used to deliver the light to the cartilage and the other five were used to detect back-reflected diffused light. Distances from the detector fibers to the source fiber were 0.8 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.4 mm, 3.2 mm and 4 mm. Spectra of back-reflected diffused light were taken on 40 bovine patella cartilages. The samples were grouped into four; the first group was the control group with undamaged cartilages, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups cartilage thickness was reduced approximately 25%, 50% and 100%, respectively. A correlation between cartilage thicknesses and hemoglobin absorption of light in the wavelength range of 500 nm- 600 nm for source-detector pairs was found. The proposed system with an optical fiber probe less than 4 mm in diameter has the potential for cartilage thickness assessment through an arthroscopy channel in real-time without damaging the cartilage.


Summary In man cortisol is necessary for anormal neoglycogenesis and fasted patients with adrenocortical insufficiency deve lop hypoglycemia. ACTH, among other hormones, is re leased during the course of severe insulin-induced hypoglyc emia. However, it is not proven that the ACTH secretion is im plicated in the moment-to-moment maintenance of blood glucose. The variations in plasma ACTH levels detennined by radio immunoassay have been studied:


2+ homeostasis is critical to all eukaryotic cells. A primary Ca 2+-translocating protein is the Ca 2+-ATPase that transports Ca 2+ against its electrochemical gradient using free energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Ca 2+ 'pumps' are located on the intracellular membranes of the sarcoor endoplasmic reticulum ( Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ATPase, SERCA) and on the plasma membrane ( Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase, PMCA). SERCA removes Ca 2+ from the cytosol by sequestering it in the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER); PMCA extrudes Ca 2+ from the cell. Regulating intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the range 100–200 nmol l −1 requires coordination between SERCA and PMCA, especially during net transepithelial Ca 2+ flux. A question of fundamental importance is whether expression of the Ca2+ pump is regulated in response to Ca 2+-pumping activity and, if so, by what molecular mechanism. It is also important to understand the molecular diversity and differential tissue-specific expression of these ancient gene families. In mammals, SERCA was initially cloned and sequenced f om muscle, where it is highly abundant and functions to resequester Ca 2+ during relaxation (MacLennan et al., 1985; Brandl et al., 1986, 1987). The less abundant PMCA was cloned 3 years later (Shull and Greeb, 1988; Verma et al., 1988). Both are integral membrane proteins of 1000 amino acid residues with three cytoplasmic domains (an ATP-binding site, a phosphorylation site and a transduction domain; Brandl et al., 1986) joined to a set of 10 transmembrane α-h lices by a narrow pentahelical stalk of α-helices. ATP bound to one cytoplasmic domain phosphorylates an adjoining aspartate, inducing Ca2+ translocation. Mutagenesis studies have 3411 The Journal of Experimental Biology 203, 3411–3423 (2000) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2000 JEB2764


Predictions in a CTVA-2D model under normal and Laplace's distributions hypotheses. The CODE theory of Visual Attention introduced by Logan in 1996 (Psychological Review, 103, 603-649) assumes that the items location is not represented by points in the space whereas it is represented by one-dimensional Laplace distributions. This model has been extended to two dimensions by the CTVA-2D model (Alvarado, Santalla & Santisteban, 1999, Acta Psychologica, 103, 239-255). The present work compares the results obtained assuming Laplace and normal distributions in the two-dimensional model.


Many applications, including natural language processing, sensor networks, collaborative filtering, and federated learning, call for estimating discrete distributions from data collected in batches, some of which may be untrustworthy, erroneous, faulty, or even adversarial.
Previous estimators for this setting ran in exponential time, and for some regimes required a suboptimal number of batches. We provide the first polynomial-time estimator that is optimal in the number of batches and achieves essentially the best possible estimation accuracy.


The article discusses the main principles of operation and advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles as an additional means of monitoring road traffic, analyzing and predicting traffic jams in real-time, as well as serving as a system for monitoring and assessing the condition of road surfaces and infrastructure. Particular attention is paid to the use of small unmanned aerial vehicles as an active complex for ensuring transportation safety. The possibilities of a three-channel monitoring system (visible, infrared, and radio-technical ranges) for determining the coordinates, characteristics, speeds, and a valid registration of a vehicle are considered. The advantages of the proposed method are described, such as increasing the accuracy and speed of information processing, the possibility of reducing costs for transport control. In particular, the article describes the methods of using radio-frequency identification tags to improve the efficiency of traffic management, prevent traffic congestion, optimize routes, and reduce the risks of dangerous road situations. The article presents a prospective application of infrared cameras for detecting and preventing accidents, analyzing traffic density and driver behavior. A research study has been conducted to explore the possibility of using the aforementioned methods in parallel with unmanned aerial vehicles to propose the development of a fully automated system for monitoring and controlling road transport. The relevance of using a small unmanned aerial vehicle to improve the quality of monitoring road traffic and traffic safety is presented.


As long we known, the non-relativistic Lagrangian definition, L = T − U with T and U as being, respectively, kinetic and potential energy, it is not valid at the relativistic level. This issue partially obstructs the college student's comprehension of special theory of relativity from the Lagrangian formalism. Further, it is well known that the space-time world demands essentials principles of special theory of relativity: four-vectors and Lorentz invariance. In this work, we departure from these basics concepts of space-time world in order to get a relativistic Lagrangian definition parallel to the non-relativistic one and, as a consequence, this can help the college student to better understand special theory of relativity [1].


As a bridge and link between China and Central Asian countries, logistics infrastructure plays an important role in the process of forming a new development pattern of "dual circulation" and mutual promotion. Based on the panel data of Central Asian countries from 2010 to 2019, this paper uses random effect model to analyze the impact on the cross-border agricultural product supply chain between China and Central Asian countries. The results show that the logistics development level, railway transport connectivity, road transport connectivity, economic development level, market size, and common border of Central Asian countries positively affect the development level of the supply chain at different significance levels. Among them, the degree of railway transport connectivity has the greatest impact on the supply chain, followed by the common border, and then the level of logistics development. Moreover, the geographical advantage cannot be underestimated and it plays a positive role in promoting the high-quality development of cross-border agricultural product supply chain. China borders Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and the agricultural product import and export trade quota is significantly greater than that of other Central Asian countries. Based on the analysis, we propose to strengthen efforts to build a high-quality logistics system, build an efficient land transport network, and break through cross-border logistics congestion and difficulties.


We prove that for any infinite collection of quadratic Julia sets, there exists a transcendental entire function whose Julia set contains quasiconformal copies of the given quadratic Julia sets. In order to prove the result, we construct a quasiregular map with required dynamics and employ the quasiconformal surgery to obtain the desired transcendental entire function. In addition, the transcendental entire function has order zero.


The present study is an attempt to investigate the problems resulting from the lexical choice in the translation of the Holy Qur'an to emphasize the importance of the theory of "Frame Semantics" in the translation process. It has been conducted with the aim of measuring the difference in concept between the two languages Arabic and English. In order to find out this difference two words have been chosen from the Qur'an to see how the different English frames can affect the translation of the Holy Qur'an. In addition to that the paper aims to reveal the strategies used by translators to avoid such effect.  We also intended to see which factors that can mostly affect the translation of the Qur'an: the linguistic background or the cultural knowledge. Four hypotheses were coined to deal with the difference in frame knowledge (conception) between Arabic and English. The analysis of the data showed that the linguistic background contributed more to the translators' ability than the cultural knowledge. A rank ordering for the five translations performed in the present study resulted in that the first rank (completely appropriate) was assigned to Yusuf Ali's translation and the second position was booked by Pickhall's translation.


Let T be a countable first order theory with positive axioms and the congruence extension property.The main result of this paper is the following.If T has a model whose cardinality is greater than the continuum and whose congruence lattice L is of finite length, then T has every infinite cardinality a model whose congruence lattice is isomorphic to a filter of L.Some other results about subdirecrly irreducible models are also given.The results stated above are a generalization for the theories considered of a theorem of McKenzie and Shelah.


Morphometric differentiation among 25 populations of the widespread Sarotherodon galilaeus species complex is investigated, and two new species are described from Lake Ejagham, Cameroon in west-central Africa. Sarotherodon lamprechti sp. nov. is characterized by a prognathous lower jaw, scales over the pectoral fin-base restricted at maximum to the basal third, and an elongate ventral keel on the lower pharyngeal jaw. Sarotherodon knauerae sp. nov. is characterized by the possession of an inflated second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw, and small size at maturation. It is further differentiated from its sympatric congener in having a shorter anal fin (12.0–14.6 % SL vs. 14.1–15.7 % SL), larger eyes (24.0–31.2 % HL vs. 20.4– 29.2 % HL), higher total gill raker count (24–30 vs. 20–25), and a terminal mouth. Molecular evidence for a sister group relationship for these two sympatric species is corroborated by the shared possession of a reduced number of teeth on the second pharyngobranchial element of the upper pharyngeal jaw.


Planetary rovers face mobility hazards associated with various classes of terrains they traverse: sand, bedrock, and rock-strewn terrain. This work develops visual classifiers for these 3 terrain types for single monochrome navigation images from the NASA Mars Exploration Rover missions. The classifiers are based primarily on visual texture, captured in histograms of edges filter responses at various scales and orientations. Monochrome image intensity is further used to distinguish between confusing rock and bedrock cases. Three approaches are investigated: a gradient-based simplified HOG descriptor, a simplified GIST descriptor, and MR8 textons. Local rotational invariance is implemented in each approach, as validation tests demonstrate its benefit to performance. K-Nearest Neighbors is used for the final classification. No major differences in performance are observed between the three approaches, leading to the adoption of the HOG approach due to its lower computational complexity and thus highest applicability to planetary missions. Final tests demonstrate an accuracy between 70% and 93% (81% average) for the 3-way classification using the simplified HOG descriptor.


This paper investigates the choices of foreign markets, international market selection (IMS), and the respective entry modes, entry mode selection (EMS), for family firms internationalisation by us ...


Any changes in the U.S. agricultural act have significant bearings on the food importing countries such as Korea. In this respect, this paper tried to study the background and the characteristics of the 1996 FAIR ACT, and the implications for trade. In the past, especially prior to 1985, the distinctive characteristic of the U.S. agricultural acts had been the program for price support which was initiated during the Great Depression. However, the world economic environment, which has changed significantly in recent years, has forced the U.S. agriculture act to change its emphasis. The change needs to address the globalization of the U.S. economy, the growing importance of the environmental issues, and the change in the world agricultural product market from bulk commodities to value-added commodities. Born in this kind of situation the 1996 FAIR ACT draws our attention in three areas. First, it separated the income subsidy and the market price. In other words, the U.S. became more market oriented in its effort for income subsidy. Second, it modified its policy on trade and food aid to be of help to the market development. Third, it enhanced the possibility for farm producers to be aggressive in self-help program. These changes imply the followings for the importing countries, First, the commodity prices will fluctuate in a broader range than in the past. Second, the self-help program of the agricultural community will increase in addition to the government efforts for market development. Third, importers are exposed to more price risk and stability in securing food need than in the past. Facing these changes, the importers such as Korea needed to pay attention to the market factor and thus need to adjust its import policy so that companies may pay attention to cost saving in importing rather than to protect their importing privilege endowed by the government.


Numbers of complaints against doctors have risen as a result of broad cultural changes in society, including changing expectations, nostalgia for a "golden age" of healthcare, and a desire to raise grievances altruistically, researchers have said.

A study funded by the General Medical Council looked into the factors behind the increase in inquiries it received from members of the public about doctors' fitness to practice.1 The number rose from 3615 in 2007 to 6154 in 2012.

A team of researchers led by Julian Archer, senior clinical lecturer at Plymouth University, concluded that …


Whereas it is widely deemed an impossible task to scale One-Time Pad (OTP) without sacrificing information theoretic security or network traffic, this paper presents a paradigm of Scalable One-Time Pad (S-OTP) ciphers based on information conservational computing/cryptography (ICC). Applicability of the new paradigm is analysed. It is shown that ICC enables data compression with quantum-fuzzy collective precision to reduce or scale a key length to a minimum that used to be deemed impossible. Based on ICC, it is shown that, with a local IEEE binary64 standard computer associated with quantum key distribution (QKD), S-OTP enables secure transmission of long messages or large data sets with significant traffic reduction for post-quantum cryptography. Quantum crypto machinery is proposed. Some open topics are identified for further investigation.


This paper presents a comparison study of harmonic detection algorithms for single-phase power systems. The three harmonic detection algorithms are compared, instantaneous reactive power (PQ), synchronous reference frame (SRF) and sliding window with Fourier analysis (SWFA). These algorithms are used to calculate the reference current of a shunt active power filter. For testing the algorithms performance, MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the harmonic elimination system with two cases of voltage source, the pure sinusoidal voltage source and the distorted voltage source. The factors to indicate the harmonic detection performance are the total harmonic distortion percentage of current (%THDi) and power factor (PF) values of source current after compensation. The simulation results show that the SWFA provides the best %THDi compared with the PQ and SRF algorithms in both two cases voltage source. Furthermore, the PQ and SRF algorithms can improve the power factor of electric system.


This research aims to find out how significant the effect of a Learning Motivation on Student Learning Outcomes in the Class XI TITL Electrical Lighting Installation subject at SMK N 1 Padang. This study uses a type of quantitative approach research and is correlational. The subjects in this study were all students of class XI TITL in the 2022/2023 academic year. There were two classes, one class was used for research class and the other class was for research instrument testing. Data collection used a questionnaire and documentation, the questionnaire used a Likert scale score of four which had been expertly validated by an expert lecturer at the Department of Electrical Instruments, after which a trial was carried out and it was distributed to respondents. Data analysis techniques in this study used prerequisite analysis techniques, simple linear regression tests and t-tests to determine the significant effect of the independent variables on the independent variables, as well as the determinant coefficient test to determine the significant magnitude of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of learning motivation on student learning outcomes in the class XI Electrical Lighting Installation subject at SMK N 1 Padang.


The vice chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners discusses the college's ambition for four years of GP specialty training


Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic equipment, vehicles, and aerospace. The life and reliability of lithium-ion batteries are directly related to the performance and safety of electric drive products. It is of great practical significance to study lithium-ion batteries. Deep learning technology has strong data structure mining ability. Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is more suitable for solving serialized data problems. Therefore, in this paper, based on the capacity degradation data of lithiumion battery, the fault prediction model based on LSTM neural network is designed to obtain the pseudo-failure life when the failure threshold is reached. Through statistical analysis of pseudo-failure life data, predicting and evaluating reliable life, and finally obtaining reliability indicators such as reliability function, it is of great significance to ensure the good performance and state safety of lithium-ion batteries.


Switzerland is attempting to introduce an internet voting channel, with serious efforts starting as early as 2001 [7]. However, a clear solution has not yet been established: Switzerland has seen multiple systems come and go [8,5,13], along with three major revisions of its applicable law [9]. As Switzerland attempts to re-introduce internet voting, Swiss Post has the only viable system in reach. It is based on a system once distributed by Scytl [21]. While it was gradually extended over time, the core mechanisms remained the same [1,12,25]. As did the feedback: Critics regret low implementation quality [19,17,18] and very complex proofs and specification [20,28,10]. We believe the complexity of the protocol is indeed a serious issue that reduces implementation quality, makes reviews hard, and ultimately also undermines full trust in the system. But redesigning the protocol based on the same assumptions and same mechanisms will likely not result in a much simpler protocol; this has been attempted by experienced researchers in 2017 in the form of CHVote [14,3], which also turned out to be complex.


FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has flexible plates 1 defining a closed contour made up as an astroid. Shock-absorbing coating 3 is applied to the contour. The ring made of flexible belt 2 is secured to flexible plates 1. Spaces between the plates are filled with resilient material 7. Flexible covers are mounted from the faces of ring 2. EFFECT: enhanced shock-absorbing. 3 dwg


Background: LGR receptors play important roles in many developmental processes. Results: The structure of human LGR4-Rspo1 complex was solved. Conclusion: Diverse mechanisms are utilized by LGRs in ligand recognition. Significance: Our structures are important for potential drug design. Leucine-rich repeat G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) are a unique class of G-protein-coupled receptors characterized by a large extracellular domain to recognize ligands and regulate many important developmental processes. Among the three groups of LGRs, group B members (LGR4–6) recognize R-spondin family proteins (Rspo1–4) to stimulate Wnt signaling. In this study, we successfully utilized the "hybrid leucine-rich repeat technique," which fused LGR4 with the hagfish VLR protein, to obtain two recombinant human LGR4 proteins, LGR415 and LGR49. We determined the crystal structures of ligand-free LGR415 and the LGR49-Rspo1 complex. LGR4 exhibits a twisted horseshoe-like structure. Rspo1 adopts a flat and β-fold architecture and is bound in the concave surface of LGR4 in the complex through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. All the Rspo1-binding residues are conserved in LGR4–6, suggesting that LGR4–6 bind R-spondins through an identical surface. Structural analysis of our LGR4-Rspo1 complex with the previously determined LGR4 and LGR5 structures revealed that the concave surface of LGR4 is the sole binding site for R-spondins, suggesting a one-site binding model of LGR4–6 in ligand recognition. The molecular mechanism of LGR4–6 is distinct from the two-step mechanism of group A receptors LGR1–3 and the multiple-interface binding model of group C receptors LGR7–8, suggesting LGRs utilize the divergent mechanisms for ligand recognition. Our structures, together with previous reports, provide a comprehensive understanding of the ligand recognition by LGRs.


Deep learning has achieved remarkable results in the field of target detection and recognition. For small targets in images, image pyramid can be used to fuse multi-scale features to improve detection performance. However, when test on remote sensing images, it is found that some important small goals will still be missed. Aiming at the problems of small target detection in remote sensing images, this paper proposes two S2ANet improved network variants based on the attention mechanism for synthetic aperture radar(SAR) payload and optical payload: for SAR images, CBAM(Convolutional Block Attention Module) attention is added to the backbone network to increase the attention of the feature extraction network for small targets in the channel and space dimensions; For optical images, firstly increase the CBAM channel attention and spatial attention in the backbone, secondly, the SE(Squeeze And Excitation) channel attention is added to the input features before the channel dimension fusion of the pyramid structure, then the attention-enhanced targets are fully integrated through up-sampling and horizontal splicing operations to improve the missed alarm rate and recall rate of small remote sensing targets. Finally, a comparative verification was carried out on the constructed airborne KU-band SAR data set and the optical remote sensing aircraft data set composed of some DOTA1.5 and FAIR1M data sets. The experimental results proved that the designed two variant networks can be used for small remote sensing. There have been certain improvements in the missed alarm rate, accuracy rate, and recall rate of the target.


This article has described the present status of fluoro chemicals and fluoro polymers in China and synthesis of fluoro resins. Also described in this article the technical specification and performance of fluoro resins for fluorocarbon super durable exterior wall coatings and coil coatings.


Friendly Worm-Anti-Worm(W-A-W) is a new active worm countermeasure, but the state of the anti-worm used in W-A-W can not be controlled and frequently brings heavy traffic itself. To solve these problems, we propose the concept of controllable worm. The definition, distributed framework and work flow of the controllable worm are presented. Then we use the controllable worm to fight worms and propose a "Controllable Worm-Anti-Worm" model (CW-A-W).We analyze the propagation model of CW-A-W, and prove that the controllable worm has the merits of low traffic and controllable state,and can reduce the complexity of the W-A-W model.


Strategic planning processes do not seem to have significant influence on the performance of institutions due to some perceived level of negligence in acknowledging the contribution of environmental factors. The process appears to have become routine exercise without due consideration to elements within its environments (O"Regan & Ghobadian, 2007, in Boateng et al., 2015). Many plans are shelved and do not influence output as a result of this (Bracker& Pearson, 1986). Business environments seem to have been changing – and so should institutional approaches. The study has therefore examined environmental characteristics of institutions, and the volume of their moderated influence on the relationship between their strategic planning processes and performance. It provides institutions with broader understanding of their environments, and how to smoothly adapt internal resources for enhanced performance. It informs decision makers, the strategies to pursue for enhanced performance, based on characteristics within their environments. The hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance was that environmental characteristics have no significant moderating influence on the strategic planning process formality-performance relationship. This hypothesis is influenced by the dynamic capabilities theory, and contingency theory. The ability to identify and analyze environmental factors could lead to better strategic choices for improved performance. The environments are considered key contingency variables for relationships between strategy and performance.


Annualising work hours (AH) is a means of achievement flexibility in the use of human resources to face the seasonal nature of demand. In Corominas et al. (1) two MILP models are used to solve the problem of planning staff working hours with annual horizon. The costs due to overtime and to the employment of temporary workers are minimised, and the distribution of working time over the course of the year for each worker and the distribution of working time provided by temporary workers are regularised.
In the aforementioned paper, the following is assumed: (i) the holiday weeks are fixed a priori and (ii) the workers are from different categories who are able to perform specific type of task have se same efficiency; moreover, the values of the binary variables (and others) in the second model are fixed to those in the first model (thus, in the second model these will intervene as constants and not as variables, resulting in an LP model).
In the present paper, these assumptions are relaxed and a more general problem is solved. The computational experiment leads to the conclusion that MILP is a technique suited to dealing with the problem.


Abstract A survey of daily noise exposure of residences and inhabitants' reactions was conducted in the city of Nagoya. More than 1000 samples have been acquired since 1987. The stored data are used to examine dose–response relationships and ratings of environmental noise byL50andLAeq. The levels above 60 dB(A) inL50and 65 dB(A) inLAeqare unacceptable for noise environments, irrespective of the time of day and land use. We propose a criterion based onL50andLAeq. The values of the criterion are consistent with Japanese quality standards onL50in residential areas, but not with those in commercial and industrial areas. The values based onLAeqare in agreement with standards in other countries. A criterion for a roadside area is obtained by adding 5 or 10 dB(A).


The estrogen production of the ovarian follicles with maturation and its significance in the ovulatory mechanism were investigated in the laying quail. Estrone and estradiol-17β contents of the wall of growing follicles and of peripheral blood plasma were determined with radioimmunoassay.Estrogen contents of the medium-sized follicles were high and those of other follicles were negligibly small. Thus the estrogen production of the follicle increases with its rapid growth and ceases abruptly two days before ovulation. During an ovulation cycle, the follicular estrogen levels showed cyclical fluctuation having a peak 4 hr before next ovulation, when the plasma estrogen level showed periodical increase. Surgical removal of the follicles including two medium-sized before the peak of the estrogen level delayed the ovulation of larger follicles and accelerated growth of smaller follicles.The important roles of estrogen production of the medium-sized follicles in the follicular growth and the ovulation were suggested.


Dennis M. Ray ws visiting professor at the burgoyne center for enterpreneruship. Brock university ontario, Canada, when this paper was written. he has extensive experience of researching enterprenuership in Asia. The venture capital market in Singapore is still in its infancy but this paper attempts to investigate the venturecaptial firm and its portfolio in taht country and examine the belife that the evaluation of venture capital proposal does not occdur in an informational or decision-making vacuum. it was found that iven the potentially significant role of venture capital in signagpore's transition to a knowledge based dveloped economyu, the venture capitalist studed offered new venture start-up in singapore a wide range of philospophies economy, the venture capitalistst studeied offered new venture stat-upspromise, however does not make reality and if these venture capital firms become caught up in the high stakes, deal making pattern of theri united states model they may do well finacially with US start up and perhaps bring a few yong companies to singapore as foreign investments would not be catalyst to local enterprenuership.


Liver disease frequently complicates cystic fibrosis (CF), with CF liver disease (CFLD) a leading cause of death. Liver biopsy is rarely performed because of the patchy nature of the disease. Transient elastography can reliably stage liver fibrosis via liver stiffness measurement (LSM).


SUMMARY A field experiment evaluating criteria for scheduling wheat irrigation was conducted from 1975 to 1977 in a sandy loam soil with treatments scheduled according to physiological stages, soil moisture conditions, pan evaporation and leaf water potential. Grain and straw yields, spikes/m, fertile spikelets/spike and number and weight of grains/spike were significantly influenced by treatments. Irrigation based on leaf water potential was as good as when based on physiological stages or soil moisture, and the use of pan evaporation was no better than other methods of scheduling.


Background and Aim: There is currently a debate on the duration of treatment protocols for the first-line eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to compare the eradication rates of 7and 14-day treatment protocols including lansoprazole, metronidazole and amoxicillin in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Materials and Methods: 180 patients (84 female, 96 male, mean age: 54.2 years) with Hp-positive nonulcer dyspepsia were enrolled in the study. The presence of Hp was assessed by histological examination and urea breath test. Patients were divided into two groups randomly. The first group, consisting of 86 patients, was given lansoprazole 30 mg bid, metronidazole 500 mg three times and amoxicillin 1 g bid for 14 days, while the second group, consisting of 94 patients, was given the same protocol for 7 days. Results: Six weeks after the therapy, both histological examination and urea breath test were repeated. If both tests were negative, it was accepted as eradication success. There were no significant differences between median ages and sex distribution of the groups (p>0.05). Eradication was achieved in 58 patients (67.4%) in the first group and in 45 patients (47.8%) in the second group. Although the eradication rate was higher in the group treated for 14 days, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.059). Conclusion: Our study showed no significant superiority of 7versus 14-day lansoprazole, metronidazole and amoxicillin protocols in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, the eradication rates with both treatment protocols were lower than in previous studies. Thus, new studies are necessary to demonstrate the factors that may cause this low success rate (including antibiotic resistance), and alternative therapy options are needed for Helicobacter pylori eradication.


For many rural communities in the western United States, prosperity has been closely connected to the land use decisions made by the Federal Government, which owns much of the surrounding land. This is particularly true in Oregon, where the Federal government owns over half (53.1%) of the land in the state. Thus, many rural communities in this region felt threatened economically when studies of the latesuccessional forests in the Pacific Northwest in the 1970s and 1980s began to raise questions about the impact of short-rotation harvest management policies on biodiversity and watershed ecosystems. Concern about the observed long-term decline of Northern Spotted Owl populations led to lawsuits under the Endangered Species Act that effectively halted logging on Federal Lands. The US Forest Service and Bureau of Land management started to reduce timber harvest on these lands in the late 1980s and early 1990s in response to congressional direction and public pressure (figure 1). The Northwest Forest Plan, put into place in 1994, provided a framework for managing almost 25 million acres of forests within the range of the Northern Spotted Owl


Oronasal fistula is an internal fistula which represents an abnormal epitheliazed tract between oral and nasal cavity, thus impairing associated functions of deglutition and speech by nasal regurgitation of fluid and nasal speech respectively, besides risk of nasal infection resulting from food lodgement. This paper provides a brief yet definitive insight on the etiology, diagnosis and surgical closure of oronasal fistula along with a case report and discussion on prosthodontic rehabilitation of a 65 year old female with an iatrogenic oronasal fistula developed as a result of maxillary molar extraction using a complete metal based denture.


On the basis of the multilateral well XQ90,XQ90-2,the paper has presented and analysed the cases of the casing window,the sidetracking,orientation and running casing in the multilateral well,and summarizes some important technical conclusions about the multi-lateral gas well drilling.It is helpful to drill other multilateral well in future.


The host of the award-winning humorous news program offers tongue-in-cheek insight into American democracy with coverage of such topics as the republican qualities of ancient Rome, the antics of our nation's founders, and the ludicrous nature of today's media.


Syphilis, an infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, is a worldwide systemic disease with a chronic course that affects only humans as its host. Transmission can occur through sexual or vertical means. Newborns of mothers with untreated syphilis or those who did not undergo proper treatment may present with either an asymptomatic or severe systemic symptoms. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on patient behavioral factors and public health actions that can impact the treatment of gestational syphilis. Articles published in Portuguese, available in full text in the databases Medline, Scielo, Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS), Lilacs, and PubMed, were considered. Official publications from the Ministry of Health within the same time frame were also taken into account. The results indicate that the main difficulties related to the treatment of gestational syphilis include: deficiencies and/or lack of prenatal care; a shortage of information aimed at pregnant women about the disease; limited access to the primary medication or a failure to seek it; limited adherence of partners to treatment and the use of condoms in sexual relationships. It is necessary to adjust prevention campaigns and monitoring/treatment follow-up for syphilis cases in pregnant women to reduce the negative impact on public health of a treatable and curable disease.


I have looked forward to the publication of Dr. David Cogan's monograph, Neurology of the Visual System , since I heard several months ago that it was in preparation. Like its previously published companion volume, Neurology and the Extraocular Muscles , this is an exceedingly valuable book. The monograph discusses the salient anatomical, physiological, and clinical facts concerning the visual sensory system in 322 tautly written pages. The book is divided into 17 short chapters, each of which is concluded with a concise summary. The material is logically presented. The first six chapters deal with the retina. Vascular lesions, degenerations, inflammatory, toxic, traumatic, and neoplastic lesions are discussed in that order. (In my opinion this is one of the best discussions of retinal disease extant.) Next, the anatomy and diseases of the optic nerve and papilla are explored. This is followed in sequence by discussions of the optic chiasm, optic tract, lateral


Sister Carrie is one of the most important novels written by Theodore Dreiser.Carrie,the heroine of the novel,never stops her dream of entering the upper society and finally gets her dream realized.This thesis is trying to use Maslow's Needs-Hierarchy Theory to analyze Carrie's different requirements in different stages of her life.In this way,we can understand her increasing "ambitious psychology" in deeper aspect.After a long period of waiting,Carrie finally gets her "self realization".


Abstract An efficient method for preparation of secondary amides by reaction of alcohols with nitriles is described using a catalytic amount of Fe3+-montmorillonite K10.


Precise U–Pb monazite and 40Ar/39Ar hornblende ages have been obtained from three locations in the high-grade Archean core of the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Monazites from metapelites in the Paradise Basin, Medina Mountain, and Crescent Lake have U–Pb ages of 2718 ± 1, 2633 ± 5, and 2657 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Hornblendes from amphibolites and granulites from the same locations yield plateau 40Ar/39Ar isotope ages of 2652 ± 11, 2572 ± 9, and 2527 ± 8 Ma, respectively, and are interpreted as cooling ages from the last thermal event. The three localities experienced similar peak pressure–temperature conditions. The timing of high-grade metamorphism in the Paradise Basin is older than the emplacement of large subjacent batholiths at 2.63–2.67 Ga. Calculated cooling rates based on monazite–hornblende pairs of 3.4 ± 1.0 °C/Ma for Paradise Basin, 3.8 ± 1.2 °C/Ma for Medina Mountain, and 1.7 ± 0.4 °C/Ma for Crescent Lake cannot be used to rule out reheating during subsequent pluton emplacement. The markedly slowe...


This paper presents a technique for a fully automatic and operational geometric correction system capable of georeferencing satellite images with high accuracy. A simple Keplerian orbital satellite model is considered and mean orbital elements are given as input from ephemeris data. To correct the systematic errors caused by these simplifications, nonzero values for the spacecraft roll, pitch and yaw and failures in the satellite internal clock, an automatic global contour matching approach is proposed. It has three main steps: (i) estimation of the gradient energy map (edges) and detection of the cloudless (reliable) areas; (ii) initialization of the contour positions; (iii) obtaining the transformation parameters (affine model) by means of a global contour optimization approach. Three different algorithms are proposed for optimization. The performance of the overall technique is assessed using AVHRR and multisensor AVHRR-SeaWiFS imagery.


Neurological Vision Impairment (NVI) detrimentally impacts upon quality of life, as daily activities such as reading and crossing the road often become significantly impaired. Therapy strategies for NVI based on visual scanning of on-screen stimuli have recently been demonstrated as effective at improving functional vision. However, these strategies are repetitive, monotonous and unsuitable for use with children and young adults. This project explores the design of a game-based therapy programme that aims to support participant engagement and adherence. We first outline requirements for this software, before reporting on the iterative design process undertaken in collaboration with young people, therapists and teachers at a centre for vision impairment. Our work provides insights into the participatory design of games in collaboration with young people with special needs, and reflects upon the tension of balancing game challenge, therapy goals, and accessibility. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of games to empower special populations by providing a medium through which to communicate the subjective experience of specific impairments.


New insight on karst corrosion conducted in Gunung Mulu National Park (Sarawak, Borneo) and started in 2019 are presented. Mulu Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000 and one of the most studied karst areas in the world.
Dissolution represents an important factor for speleogenesis and can be measured by monitoring the weight variation over time of limestone tablets exposed in underground and outdoor environments. We describe new monitoring results and compare them with the existing ones present in literature and with a study carried out in Italy (Lessini Mountains).
The study conducted in Borneo was authorized by the Sarawak Forest Corporation (Permit SFC.810-4/6/1 (2023) 005 and Park permit No. WL 03/2023). Rock tablets were used to calculate the dissolution rate, collecting this type of "data loggers" after 3 years, due to the difficulties that arose during the Covid pandemic.
The results of this monitoring partially confirm those collected in 2020. Some rock tablets have undergone both a reduction in weight due to dissolution and erosion by water, and the deposition of calcareous incrustations without increasing in weight. The new corrosion data have been compared with some values of chemical parameters of the water, as well as with those existing in the literature. This study increasing the existing data on karst corrosion in the Mulu area, which date back to the late 70s-early 80s of the last century.


In the design of ocean wave energy converters, proper control design is essential to the maximization of the power generation performance for the device. However, in realistic applications, this control design must be undertaken in the presence of model uncertainty. This paper considers the use of robust control theory to optimize the nominal performance for a wave energy converter in stochastic waves, subject to the constraint that the controller be stability-robust to unstructured uncertainties. We formulate the problem as a multi-objective optimal control problem, in which the primary objective is the maximization of power generation for the nominal system, and the competing objective is the norm of the uncertainty input/output channel. This optimal control problem is nonconvex, and we therefore propose an iterative algorithm that can be used to arrive at a local optimal solution. This iterative approach employs the concept of Iterative Convex Overbounding, in the context of the classical Method of Centers. The methodology is demonstrated on a model of a single, buoy- type wave energy converter.


The high-performance liquid chromatographic behavior of acetylacetone (AA) metal chelates was investigated with silica gel, C/sub 18/, C/sub 8/, and phenyl (Ph) columns. AA chelates of Cu, Be, Al, Ga, Pd, and Fe have been separated by Cosmosil 5 C/sub 18/, 5 C/sub 8/, and 5 Ph columns, while Cu, Pd, and Fe chelates were separated by Cosmosil 5 SL (silica gel) and LiChrosorb RP-18, RP-8, and Si 60 columns. log-log calibration curves for Cu, Fe, and Pd were made with the above seven columns after solvent extraction of the metals at pH 5 from 50-mL aqueous solutions into dichloromethane as AA chelates. The best calibration curves were obtained by use of the Cosmosil 5 C/sub 1/(. The linear concentration range of each metal by the Cosmosil 5 C/sub 18/ column was 10 ng/mL (ppb) to 20 ..mu..g/mL (ppm) for Cu, 5 ppb to 10 ppm for Fe, and 5 ppb to 10 ppm for Pd with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.9995. The presented method has been applied to the determination of Cu and Fe in water.


We investigate the contribution to the angular correlation coefficients of the neutron beta decay within the R-parity violating (RPV) minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). The RPV effects contribute to the scalar interaction at the tree level. The coefficient of the effective scalar interaction of the nucleon is determined in terms of the nucleon mass difference. On the basis of the recent update of the analyses of the superallowed Fermi transitions and the recent measurement of transverse polarization of the emitted electrons at PSI, we deduce new upper limits on the RPV couplings and compare them with those obtained through the pion decay and atomic electric dipole moment (EDM). We also give a comprehensive analysis of angular correlations sensitive to the RPV interactions.


ABS TRACT Ob jec ti ve: The aim of this study was to in ves ti ga te the the dis tri bu ti on of CMA1 pro te in (MCC), CCL17 pro te in (TARC) and In teg rin be ta 4 (CD 104) mo noc lo nal an ti bo di es in nor mal adult hu man lung tissu e. Ma te ri al and Met hods: In this study we exa mi ned the lung bi opsy spe ci mens ob ta i ned from the adult pati ents who un der went ope ra ti ons for dif fe rent re a sons in the De part ment of Lung Sur gery at Dic le Uni ver sity Hos pi tal, Di yar ba kır, Tur key. The tis su e samp les we re im me di a tely fro zen in li qu id nit ro gen at -196o C. The samp les we re im munos ta i ned by in di rect im mu ne pe ro xi da se tech ni qu e. As pri mary an ti bo di es, MCC, TARC and CD104 we re used. As se con dary an ti bo di es, 1:200 rab bit an ti mo u se IgG pe ro xi da se di lu ted in PBS/BSA and 1:100 nor mal hu man se rum so lu ti on we re used. Ne ga ti ve con trol sta i ning was per for med using ir re le vant mo u se mo noc lo nal an ti bo di es omit ting the pri mary an ti body step. Sec ti ons we re exa mi ned and pho tog rap hed by Oly mpus BH2 light mic ros co pe. Re sults: We ob ser ved mo de ra te re ac ti on with vas cu lar en dot he li al cells and with vas cu lar smo oth musc le cells with MCC which was ai med to show ove rall the pre sen ce of hu man lung mast cells. TARC, which was ai med to ex press the fol li cu lar den tri tic cells, mo de ra tely re ac ted with fol li cu lar den tri tic cells, bronc hi al smo oth musc le cells and vas cu lar en dot he li al cells. CD104, which is the in teg rin β4 su bu nit that plays an im por tant ro le in the ad he si on of epit he li um to ba se ment mem bra nes, mo de ra tely re ac ted with vas cu lar en dot he li al cells and ma inly re ac ted with the fol li cu lar den tri tic cells of bronchi. Conc lu si on: In our study, it was de fi ned that the ex pres si ons of the se mo le cu les ha ve im por tant ro le in un ders tan ding the func ti on of hu man lung tis su e. We re ac hed the conc lu si on that our study, by presen ting the dif fe ren ce bet we en the nor mal lung tis su e and pat ho lo gic lung tis su e with ex pres si on the re la ted pro te ins im mu no his toc he mi cally may constitute preliminary findings for exc lu ding the di se a ses li ke in ters ti si al lung di se a se or chro nic obs truc ti ve lung di se a se for the aim of. Our preliminary findings may shed light on future studies.


Background. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common female diseases, which is currently characterized by an increasing rate of clinical sign reccurence, the appearance of asymptomatic carriers, and atypical forms.
This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of glycyrrhizic acid administration in the prevention of BV recurrence.
Materials and Methods. The study involved 88 women after BV treatment (metronidazole per os for seven days). Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the main group included 46 patients who were administered 0.1% glycyrrhizic acid intravaginally for three months after the main treatment; the control group comprised 42 women who received no anti-recurrence BV course. The effectiveness was assessed three and six months after the beginning of treatment and included gynecological examination and laboratory assessments (pH, amine test, microbiological investigation).
Results. After recommended BV treatment without anti-recurrence course, the recurrence of laboratory criteria for BV increased three months after the treatment, including the increase in vaginal pH to > 4.5 in all subjects, positive amine test in 35.7% of patients, the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis at a concentration of 104-105 CFU/ml in 31.0% of women, reduction in the frequency of Lactobacillus detection with worsening of the condition and the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease six months later. In the main group, after glycyrrhizic acid administration, laboratory criteria of BV recovery three months after the treatment, and clinical and laboratory markers of BV recovery six months after the treatment were lower as compared to the control group.
Conclusions. The anti-recurrence course of BV (vaginal administration of 0.1% glycyrrhizic acid) demonstrated a decrease in the frequency of complaints, clinical and laboratory markers, stabilization of the species composition of Lactobacillus, and a decrease in facultative anaerobe concentration in the vaginal microbiome as compared to group without anti-recurrence treatment.


Essentialism educational philosophy is one of the traditional educational philosophies which views that the values in education should be based on clear and long-lasting values, then the existing education in a country can remain stable and focused.The purpose of the essentialism educational philosophy is to improve the character of society through existing cultural heritage, so that later students can contribute to improving people's lives in the face of changing times that can kill the character values of students.The philosophy of essentialism also aims to form a happy person in the world and the hereafter through values of virtue (moral, character and morals) that are embedded in students, because school, teachers and students are the key to developing an advanced nation, and play a very important role for character building in the school and communities. This article seeks to conceptualize the goals of the philosophy of essentialism, namely to form a happy person in the world and the hereafter which includes science, art and all things that can move the human will through character building and the importance of the role of Islamic religious education teachers in shaping the character of students in schools and society.


Computer systems need to be highly reliable for efficient usage and satisfactory user experience. Telemetry-based systems enable gathering actionable data from end users. We review concepts, methods and results regarding the use of field data for deciding use conditions for IC reliability modeling and optimization. Then we present concepts and results about using telemetry for IC product health monitoring, focusing on issue detection and support based on a sampled population.


The purpose of this article is to find out how to market information at the Lancang Kuning University Library Upt. This study uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive. The research subjects used as sources in this study were librarians at the Lancang Kuning University Upt.Library, totaling one librarian. Based on the results of observation and interviews that researchers have conducted, it is known that Upt.Universitas Lancang Kuning has several services such as circulation services, references, photocopying, BI corner and digital services as well as information retrieval services through OPAC. Upt. Lancang Kuning University Library also carries out information marketing processes through digital and conventional. Based on the results of interviews that researchers have conducted, information is obtained that Upt.Library of Lancang Kuning University conducts information marketing by updating/incorporating information about the latest collections in the library into the website or OPAC.


. Changes in fermentation volatiles and enzymes were studied in preclimacteric and postclimacteric 'Bartlett' pears ( Pyrus communis L.) kept in air, 0.25% O 2 , 20% O 2 + 80% CO 2 , or 0.25% O 2 + 80% CO 2 at 20C for 1, 2, or 3 days. All three atmospheres resulted in accumulation of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. The postclimacteric pears had higher activity of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and higher concentrations of fermentation volatiles than those of the preclimacteric fruit. For the preclimacteric pears, the 0.25% O 2 treatment dramatically increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, which was largely due to the enhancement of one ADH isozyme. Exposure to 20% O 2 + 80% CO 2 slightly increased ADH activity, but the combination of 0.25% O 2 + 80% CO 2 resulted in lower ADH activity than 0.25% O 2 alone. For the postclimacteric pears, the three atmospheres resulted in higher PDC and ADH activities than those of air control fruit. Ethanolic fermentation in 'Bartlett' pears could be induced by low O 2 and/or high CO 2 via 1) increased amounts of PDC and ADH; 2) PDC and ADH activation caused by decreased cytoplasmic pH; or 3) PDC and ADH activation or more rapid fermentation due to increased concentrations of their substrates (pyruvate, acetaldehyde, or NADH).


This paper reveals the essence and necessity of attracting investment in the economy, the theoretical basis of the causes and types of investment risks, as well as analyzes the methods of analysis of investment risks in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the mechanism of their implementation. The author has developed proposals and recommendations related to the prospects of improving the effectiveness of investment risk management, which determines the relevance of the topic of this research.


Figure 1 (A) Chest radiography: heterogeneous infiltration in the right upper lobe and homogeneous opacity in the left hilar region. (B)--(D) Chest Computed Tomography of the thorax: hypodense mass of 9 cm with well defined margins located in the mediastinum with extension to the left upper lobe, areas of consolidation in the right upper lobe associated with micro-nodular infiltration and ground-glass opacities. specialized neural crest cells associated with autonomic ganglia (paraganglia) 1. Nearly 90% of these tumors arise from the medulla of the adrenal gland and are called ''pheochromocytomas''. When they have an extra-adrenal origin, they are termed ''paragangliomas''. Intrathoracic location is infrequent, corresponding only to 10% of paraganglioma cases. Herein the authors described the case of a 50-yearold male patient, Caucasian, smoker. As a background he had arterial hypertension and discoid lupus erythematosus. His usual medication was candesartan 16 mg, deflazacort 3 mg/day and chloroquine 250 mg/day. He presented in our hospital complaining of dyspnea, cough, asthenia and weight loss with three weeks evolution. His physical exam was


The quick advancement of Internet of things (IoT) innovation makes it workable for interfacing different shrewd questions together through the Internet and giving more information interoperability routines for application reason. Late research demonstrates more potential utilizations of IoT in data escalated modern divisions, for example, social insurance administrations. On the other hand, the differences of the articles in IoT causes the heterogeneity issue of the information design in IoT stage. Then, the utilization of IoT innovation in applications has prodded the increment of continuous information, which makes the data stockpiling and getting to more difficult and testing. In this examination, first a semantic information model is proposed to store and translate IoT information. At that point an asset based information getting to strategy (UDA-IoT) is intended to procure and procedure IoT information Omnipresently to enhance the openness to IoT information assets. At last, we exhibit an IoT-based framework for crisis therapeutic administrations to show how to gather, coordinate, and interoperate IoT information flexibly with a specific end goal to give backing to crisis restorative administrations. The outcome demonstrates that the asset based IoT information getting to strategy is viable in a disseminated heterogeneous information environment for supporting information getting to auspicious and Omnipresently in a cloud and versatile registering . Key word—Decision support system (DSS), emergencymedical service, Internet of things (IoT), resource model, Omnipresent data accessing.


Abstract : This report describes a demonstration sponsored and funded by the Department of Defense's (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). GEHM Environmental Corporation and the Center for Environmental Technology at the University of Missouri (Columbia) were contracted by the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Ceiiter (NEESC) to investigate the use of quasi-static electromagnetic (EM) resistivity surveys to detect dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination in the subsurface at two U.S. DoD installations. This EM resistivity survey technique is a surface to borehole geophysical method that generates a three-dimensional (3-D) image of subsurface features based on their contrasting resistive properties. The two sites selected were the former Naval Air Station Alameda, renamed Alameda Point, and Tinker Air Force Base They were selected for this pilot study on the basis of having a previously well- documented DNAPL problem, coupled with the fact that they reside in two distinctly different types of geologic settings. These sites also have typical limitations with respect to drilling restrictions and with respect to the high degree of uncertainty in knowing where free-phase DNAPL currently occurs in the subsurface. Alameda Point's subsurface consists of saturated unconsolidated clastic sediments, while Tinker AFB consists of interbedded sands and shales.


Confucius has unique ideology about "heart".From the biased perspective of positivistic psychology,Confucian conception of the heart had been blurred,but from the perspective of extended psychology,Confucius' original conception of the heart can be rediscovered.About 2000 years ago,Confucius had constructed the unique framework of "heart",which consists of intellect,morality,comprehension,and aspiration.In this field,positivistic psychologists have not conducted any research.The clarification and restoration of Confucius' conception of the heart not only promotes the development of psychology,but also meet the urgent demand for the development of education based on China's native culture.


SUMMARY Migrants to the Brazilian Amazon frontier arrive individually, but the formation of effective community associations can bind these families together and speed socio-economic development. In this paper we study how formal logging contracts between smallholders and the timber industry affect one aspect of development and organization on the forest frontier: community associations. We ask whether these contracts encourage smallholders to participate in associations and whether the associations with formal logging contracts appear to be more effective. We find that individuals in communities with formal logging contracts are more likely to participate in their respective associations, and are also more likely to rank the association positively, compared to individuals living in other communities. Although the world of social and economic development on forest frontiers is complex and this result far from definitive, it demonstrates the potential for improved logging contracts to be a positive influence on community cohesion.


A control system for an engine includes a torque phase detection module, a torque request generation module and an engine torque control module. The torque phase detection module detects a start of a torque phase of an upshift of a coupled with the engine transmission. The torque request generation module generates an engine torque demand at the start of the torque phase of the gear upshift. The engine torque control module controls the engine torque during the torque phase of the gear shift-up action on the basis of the engine torque request.


ABSTRACT We contend that supervisor humility, a critical variable for effective supervisory practice, has a particular impact on the rupture repair process and its implementation; it may well be preeminent in determining whether any supervisor repair effort meets with success or failure. Building on our earlier supervisor humility/rupture repair proposals, we further propose a simple humility/repair clarification and extension grounded in the idea that, though requisite and foundational, humility in and of itself is not enough. We subsequently give focus to what we label as the humility/rupture context, which involves four components: (a) the activating (rupture) event, (b) the type of humility needed for rupture repair, (c) the form of needed corresponding comfort, and (d) the corresponding opportunity that accordingly gets either addressed or missed. Just as humility can be categorized as relational, cultural, or intellectual, we believe that supervision ruptures in turn often tend to be relational, cultural, or intellectual in nature. We examine how that is so in what follows, providing case examples to that effect and offering a more specific, potentially researchable view about some seemingly crucial variables that increasingly render the likelihood of successful supervision rupture repair far more likely.


A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a wireless network that does not have a fixed infrastructure that is formed by an autonomous collection of mobile nodes, and communicates over wireless links. Because of node mobility, the topology will change rapidly and unpredictably over short periods of time. In the MANET, each mobile node acts as a router as well as host. This means that all the nodes participating in the network have to send and receive the data packets. Depending on the transmission range and current location of the node, the node can get in and out, forming a network in an arbitrary fashion. The network partition is a problem in MANET environments and inconsistency can prove to be very costly in mobile computation scenarios (De Moraes, Sadjadpour & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, 2006). Mobile nodes interact with other over wide spaces. ABSTRACT


The numerical method to simulate ship's motion in head regular waves is proposed based on Computational Fluid Dynamics method.Wave boundary method is adopted to generate precise three-dimensional regular waves,and DTMB 5512 ship model's coupled pitch and heave motion is simulated in two regular waves of different wave height.The response amplitude operators(RAO) are calculated based on the simulation results.The simulation results and RAO show good agreement with results of tank tests.


The United States Supreme Court decision in United States v. Booker (2005) significantly changed the Federal Sentencing Guidelines by making the Guidelines advisory rather than mandated. This holding suggests that forensic mental health evaluators may need to approach federal sentencing evaluations somewhat differently. Prior to Booker, federal sentencing evaluations focused on downward-departure factors related to mental state at the time of the offense, particularly influences affecting a defendant's respective capacities to understand the wrongfulness of the alleged offense and conform conduct to the requirements of the law. In making the Guidelines advisory, Booker allows courts to consider additional influences relevant to cognitive and mental health functioning in making sentencing decisions, thereby broadening the scope of forensic mental health assessment conducted to inform federal sentencing.


The text has not been edited to official publication standards; hence UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this publication do not imply an opinion on legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. 1 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the peer reviewers of this document, whose inputs have been invaluable in strengthening this document and making it more practical and comprehensive. The expert Adviser for East Asia and Pacific, UNICEF Bangkok have greatly improved the calibre and content of the paper. We would also like to thank Nancy Shemrah Fallon and Tong Liu of Yale University for their assistance in manuscript preparation. Abstract While school readiness is gaining currency around the globe, there remain many issues linked with a cohesive understanding of the concept and its applications to improve the learning and development of all children, the quality of schools, and the participation of families and communities. The aim of this paper is to provide the latest evidence and knowledge on school readiness within an easily understandable framework relevant to the lives of young children in the majority of the world. To that end, this paper focuses on three basic yet critical questions: What is school readiness? Why is school readiness important? And what are the consequences of inaction? This paper presents a broad concept of school readiness, describing in detail three dimensions: children's readiness for school; schools' readiness for children; and families' and communities' readiness for school. It then proceeds to provide a rationale for the importance of school readiness, not just for individual children, but also for societal and national development more generally. Finally, the paper makes a strong case regarding the costs of inaction for children, families, communities and countries, and addresses international strategies for action.


As one of the important research topics,computer-aided Chinese learning is attracting more and more interest in natural language processing society.A computer-aided reading and learning system based on analysis unit of characters is proposed to provide reading and learning assistant for Chinese learner in this paper.The system first employs character-based Chinese morphological analysis for segmenting Chinese texts into words,and then presents a method based on structure information of constituent characters for new word finding.For unknown words unregistered in the dictionary(such as: technical terms,proper nouns and fixed phrases),a method based on semantic prediction and feedback learning is proposed to mine their native translations from the Web.For frequent words,real-time translation display is implemented by the Chinese-English(Chinese-Japanese) dictionary database,and users can also obtain typical examples of this word usage through a word usage retrieval module.In this system,key technologies include: morphological analysis based on character information,word segmentation based on structure information of constituent characters,and translation acquisition of new words based on semantic prediction and feedback learning.A character analysis unit is the core of all proposed methods used in the whole system.Experiments show that our system has good performance in every aspect.


Local governments have established strategies to develop their regions to attract investments. In order to implement it, they have ordered various types of development projects. One of them is to order the main facilities in previous and invite developers from the private sector to develop the area. This type of approach can provide benefits to the both: the local government can reduce risks; the developer can expect administrative supports from the government. However, due to the different perspectives on the goal of project, many problems could occur. Despite the potential of this type of project, unique aspects of it have not been analysed yet. This paper aims to present a theoretical framework to analyse this type of project in terms of the contents of client briefing according to normative roles of the both, project organization structure, project process, tasks performed by the both, their recognition levels on the various risks and their effects on the project process. Data collected for one and half year is analysed according to the framework and presented as a case study. As a result, solutions for counteracting to problems are presented in the line of the framework.


in order of presentation ESO Recommended Event Official Air Carrier Sponsor SUPPORTED WITH AN EDUCATIONAL GRANT BY THE A.G. LEVENTIS FOUNDATION THE HISTORY OF CANCER ON PLANET EARTH. Nicholas Pavlidis MD, PhD. Emeritus Professor, University of Ioannina, Greece. The present lecture tries to answer crucial questions related to the existence of cancer on planet earth. In particular, will refer to: a) the absence of cancer in the non-animal kingdom species, b) the rarity or absence of cancer in the invertebrate animals, c) the "Cancer – like Disease" (accumulation of colonies or stem cells, but without tumour formation) which may appear in certain invertebrates i.e sponges, mollusks, corals, etc, d) the presence of benign and malignant tumours in vertebrate animals, e) the fossil record of neoplasms before man, f) the incidence of cancer over the evolution of the vertebrates (from the Paleozoic to Cainozoic Eras), g) the first neoplasms seen in the animal kingdom and in hominid species and h) the rarity of cancer in certain animals like in the big elephants or whales who carry 1.000 times more cells (Peto's Paradox), or in wild animals as compared to domestic animals. In addition, it will briefly cover the presence of cancer in ancient human populations as in Egypt (evidence from Egyptian mummies), Greece and China. Furthermore, data from ancient European populations from Bronze and Medieval ages, as well as, from Prehistoric America will be presented. TUMOURS IN ANCIENT INDIA A READING OF Suśrutasaṃhitā. KMN Kunzru and Radha Bhat, London, UK. The Indian Surgeon/ Physician Suśruta practised and taught in the mid First Millenium BCE in Varanasi, North India. His teachings (oral and practical) were compiled into a Compendium, Suśrutasaṃhitā. The Compendium describes Causation and Diagnosis of various diseases and their treatment, both Medical and Surgical. The Work was written down later when a definite Sanskrit script, Brāhmī, developed (probably in Mauryan/ Alexandrian time, c.4.C.BCE). The Compendium has been further edited (and redacted) at least twice. Firstly, by a surgeon, Nāgārjuna, in the last quarter of the First Century BCE. Then, by a physician (non-surgeon), Ḍalhana, in the 12. c. CE, the manuscript available to us today, written in the currently used Devanāgarī script. The Compendium has no diagnostic entity classed as "Tumour", but there are good clinical descriptions of tumour like conditions (both lumps and ulcers), their "causation" and diagnosis, and their treatment. These conditions are clearly distinguished from inflammatory and traumatic lesions presenting as lumps and ulcers. All are attributed to imbalance of "bodily humours" (described in our handout on Principles). We present modern pathological and clinical specimens that we have found, equating to these lesions. We also present the therapeutic approach of Suśruta for these lesions, selecting only those for treatment that were likely to be "cured" or "ameliorated". The separate handout describes Suśruta's Principles of Origin and Treatment of Disease (with some Sanskrit terms), and their treatment. Also included in the handout are a Bibliography, and Acknowledgements. PALAEO-ONCOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN PREHISTORIC CRETE. Photini McGeorge, Athens, Greece. Four cases of bone neoplasms in prehistoric skeletal material will be presented. These cases were identified during studies of human remains from archaeological sites dated to the Bronze Age in Crete. o The earliest example from an Early Minoan I/II context, C dated to between 2717 ± 110 BC and 2240 ± 66 BC, is a possible case of Paget's disease affecting a tibia. o The next example from an Early Minoan III/ Middle Minoan I context dated between 2200 and 1950 BC, is a possible case of Paget's disease also in a tibia. o Two cases are from a Late Minoan IIIA/B cemetery dated between 1390 and 1190 BC. One is a possible osteosarcoma of the right ulna of a middle-aged man; the other is a possible metastatic cancer to bone affecting the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum of a different male individual. The first tibia comes from the Platyvola Cave, used for both habitation and burials. The second tibia is from the Gerontomouri Cave, where several hundred secondary burials and numerous grave gifts, originally buried elsewhere as primary burials, were transferred in the tumultuous Middle Minoan IIB period. The bulk of the associated pottery dates to the EMIII-MMI period, so this is considered to be the date of most of the burials. Burials in these natural caverns are co-mingled; thus, neither tibia can be evaluated as part of an entire skeleton. The last two cases are inhumation burials in chamber tombs at the LMIII cemetery of Armenoi, where abundant grave gifts have a strong Mycenaean character. PALAEOPATHOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF GEOPOIESIS OF A 5 CENTURY BC BRAIN. P.J.P. McGeorge, Y. Christodoulou, F. Badounas, F.W. McCoy, N. Kourou. We present the palaeopathological investigation of geopoiesis of a brain of a young woman, between 18 to 25 years of age, from a 5 century BC tomb excavated in the cemetery of the acropolis of Exombourgo on the Island of Tenos in the Aegean. In the oral cavity of the skeleton we discovered an Athenian coin of the Classical period bearing the image of an owl. The diagnostic and analytical examination of the find is in progress. From macroscopic examination and CAT scan imaging, the specimen appears to be a geopoiesis of the brain, preserved in all probability due to spontaneous 'saponification' after burial. The upper section of the brain is flattened 1 cm to the left of its median plane, extending over a small area of the left hemisphere, the greater part of the fissura longitudinalis cerebri and one-third of the right hemisphere. The find has been reproduced by 3D printing for the purposes of exhibition and to permit samples to be taken for further analyses. The histological sections examined forensically under the microscope, confirm the substance of the find, providing corresponding images. Biomolecular and DNA analyses will follow. From the prehistoric period to the present, this is the first discovery of its kind in Greece. 1 Hon. Research Fellow, Tenos Excavations, University of Athens, School of Philosophy. 2 Forensic Pathologist. 3 Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Department of Animal Models for Biomedical Research Transgenic Technology Laboratory. 4 Professor of Geology, Geophysics & Oceanography — University of Hawaii 5 Professor Emeritus, University of Athens, School of Philosophy. WOMEN OF CLASSICAL ATHENS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL ONCOLOGY IN THE ERA OF HIPPOCRATES. Michael Savvas, London, UK. In the era of classical Athens, we see medicine moving away from superstition and religion to a rational thought and science. The prime example of this is the Hippocratic treatise on the sacred disease where the author argues that epilepsy is no more sacred than any other ailment (οὐδὲν τι μοι δοκέει τῶν ἄλλων θειοτέρη είναι νούσων οὐδὲ ἱερωτέρη). In this period of enlightenment, the majority of women in ancient Greece, with the exception perhaps of Sparta, lived a domesticated existence of daily household chores, childbearing and rearing of the children. In ancient Greece, women (or girls) would marry very soon after puberty around the age of 15. Pregnancy at this very young age could be hazardous and would have been associated with a high maternal mortality. Perhaps this is what Medea was referring to, when she stated "I would rather stand my ground three times among the shields, than face childbirth once". Yet, classical Greek literature is full of powerful female characters, such as Medea; who are virtuous and loyal like Penelope; or strong and principled as Antigone. In Aristophanes' Lysistrata we see women taking control of the Acropolis and force men to put an end to war, by imposing sexual deprivation. In this cultural and societal environment medical care of women would be provided routinely by older women who supported in childbirth and were also often responsible for caring for the sick within the household. Nevertheless, proper medical care delivered by practitioners of the Hippocratic and Galenic tradition was promptly available to women, as it is evident by the copious case-reports of female patients in the Hippocratic Corpus and the multitude of treatises on gynaecological diseases and related conditions; (ΠΕΡΙ ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΙΗΣ ΦΥΣΙΟΣ, ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΙΩΝ ΠΡΩΤΟΝ, ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΙΩΝ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟΝ, ΠΕΡΙ ΠΑΡΘΕΝΙΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙ ΕΠΙΚΥΗΣΕΩΣ, ΠΕΡΙ ΕΓΚΑΤΑΤΟΜΗΣ ΕΜΒΡΥΟΥ, ΠΕΡΙ ΓΟΝΗΣ, ΠΕΡΙ ΦΥΣΙΟΣ ΠΑΙΔΙΟΥ, ΠΕΡΙ ΑΦΟΡΩΝ, ΠΕΡΙ ΕΠΤΑΜΗΝΟΥ, ΠΕΡΙ ΟΚΤΑΜΗΝΟΥ). Cancer would not have escaped the clinical acumen of the followers of Hippocrates and in the Second book of Gynaecological Diseases there is a lucid description of uterine carcinoma with involvement of inguinal lymph nodes. Six centuries later, Soranus of Ephesus (1/2 c. AD), the biographer of Hippocrates is credited with the first description of the Apgar score and numerous gynaecological treatises, claiming the accolade of "the first ever gynaecologist". The professional attitude and respect of the dignity of all and every patient, free or slave, man or woman is codified in the Hippocratic oath. «ΕΣ ΟΙΚΙΑΣ ΔΕ ΟΚΟΣΑΣ ΑΝ ΕΣΙΩ ΕΣΕΛΕΥΣΟΜΑΙ ΕΠ' ΩΦΕΛΕΙΗ ΚΑΜΝΟΝΤΩΝ, ΕΚΤΟΣ ΕΩΝ ΠΑΣΗΣ ΑΔΙΚΙΗΣ ΕΚΟΥΣΙΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΦΘΟΡΙΗΣ, ΤΗΣ ΤΕ ΑΛΛΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΦΡΟΔΙΣΙΩΝ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΕΠΙ ΤΕ ΓΥΝΑΙΚΕΙΩΝ ΣΩΜΑΤΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΑΝΔΡΩΝ , ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΩΝ ΤΕ ΚΑΙ ΔΟΥΛΩΝ». ON THE ANTIQUITY OF CANCER: PERCEPTIONS OF "METASTASIS" THROUGH THE AGES. Spyros Retsas, Loughton, Essex, UK. The question is not whether cancer existed in Greek antiquity it did! but whether physicians of that period recognised the disease as a distinct Nosologic entity which they did! At least fifteen medical authors write about cancer in a literature spanning a period of twelve centuries from Hippocrates (5 c. BC); to Galen and Leonidas (2 c. AD); to Paul of Aegina (7 c. AD), to mention only a few representative names. Excerpts from the writings of these authors, on t


TAYLOR, PADRAIC. On the Solvability of Nonlinear Discrete Multipoint Boundary Value Problems. (Under the direction of Dr. Jesús Rodriguez.) In this manuscript we study nonlinear, discrete, multipoint boundary value problems. We investigate two types of problems. We first consider scalar, nonlinear, multipoint boundary value problems of the form y(t+ n) + an−1(t)y(t+ n− 1) + . . . a0(t)y(t) = g(y(t+m− 1)) subject to n ∑ j=1 bij(0)y(j− 1)+ n ∑


: There is an abnormal increase in the crime rate and also the number of criminals is increasing, this leads towards a great concern about the security issues. Crime preventions and criminal identification are the primary issues before the police personnel, since property and lives protection are the basic concerns of the police but to combat the crime, the availability of police personnel is limited. With the advent of security technology, cameras especially CCTV have been installed in many public and private areas to provide surveillance activities. The footage of the CCTV can be used to identify suspects on scene. In this paper, an automated facial recognition system for criminal database was proposed using Voila Jones and LBP Algorithm. This system will be able to detect face and recognize face automatically in real time. An accurate location of the face is still a challenging task. Viola-Jones framework has been widely used by researchers in order to detect the location of faces and objects in a given image. Face detection classifiers are shared by public communities.


In this paper, a compact, hexagonal planar ultra wideband (UWB) monopole micro strip antenna is proposed that offers single band notch characteristics with enhanced rejection at frequency band centered at 5.5 GHz of 5-6 GHz. To realize this enhanced band notched characteristics at 5.5 GHz, the open-ended inverted L-slot is embedded on the feed line of the proposed UWB antenna. Step by step development of the antenna with its analysis in the frequency domain is presented. The effects of various design parameters on design have also been analyzed using CAD FEKO 6.2 simulator using MoM. The Hexagonal shaped antenna is simulated using FR4 dielectric substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. The proposed antenna is of compact size 30mm × 30mm. The hexagonal antenna provides good impedance matching from frequency range of 3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz.


Peer review has long been criticised for failing to identify flaws in research. Here Peter Bacchetti argues that it is also guilty of the opposite: finding flaws that are not there

The process of peer review before publication has long been criticised for failing to prevent the publication of statistics that are wrong, unclear, or suboptimal. 1 2 My concern here, however, is not with failing to find flaws, but with the complementary problem of finding flaws that are not really there.

My impression as a collaborating and consulting statistician is that spurious criticism of sound statistics is increasingly common, mainly from subject matter reviewers with limited statistical knowledge. Of the subject matter manuscript reviews I see that raise statistical issues, perhaps half include a mistaken criticism. In grant reviews unhelpful statistical comments seem to be a near certainty, mainly due to unrealistic expectations concerning sample size planning. While funding or publication of bad research is clearly undesirable, so is preventing the funding or publication of good research. Responding to misguided comments requires considerable time and effort, and poor reviews are demoralising—a subtler but possibly more serious cost.

This paper discusses the problem, its causes, and what might improve the situation. Although the main focus is on statistics, many of the causes and potential improvements apply to peer review generally.

#### Summary points

Peer reviewers often make unfounded statistical criticisms, particularly in difficult areas such as sample size and multiple comparisons

These spurious statistical comments waste time and sap morale

Reasons include overvaluation of criticism for its own sake, inappropriate statistical dogmatism, time pressure, and lack of rewards for good peer reviewing

Changes in the culture of peer review could improve things, particularly honouring good performance

Mistaken criticism is a general problem, but may be especially acute for statistics. The examples below illustrate …


This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of cultural years on the growth and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. It was planted on Middle September, with high ridge between and N-P-K=8.1-11.2-8kg/10a of fertilizers treated basal application. Cultural years were 1, 2 and 3 years, the block of 2 or 3 years was additional same amount of fertilizers at early spring. The results were summarized are as follows. Rapid bulb filling stage was begun 32 days after sprouting, and completed bulb growth needed 72 days. Dry weight/fresh ratio of bulb was ranged from %. Rate of over 5g bulb weight was 89% at 1 year, 87% at 2 years and 77% at 3 years and bulb yield were 638kg/10a at 1 year. Compared with yield at 1 year, the yield increased 88% at 2 years and 189% at 3 years.


References about the condition of information processes and information streams in the input entrance and in the output exit. The information logistics is considered as a capability of finding a solution of the assigned task when a priori is known only the demand result. Such tasks are "open". They could not be solved by algorithmic methods of approach because it is impossible to compose algorithm without knowing the way it works. Investigation of objects of different order is presented. The infinity of the external and internal environment is put into analysis.


'Every existence', Paul Morand once suggested, 'is an anonymously sent letter'. Morand himself was happy to have Ž gured out the provenance of the three postmarks (Paris, London, Venice) authenticating the letter his life had been, but his metaphor invites a more ambitious discovery: that of the author, if not the contents, of one's letter. Lacan here Ž nds himself curiously allied with Morand: it is the trajectory, the displacements of the inevitably 'purloined' letter, rather than its contents or author, that align it with the fate of an individual. And yet who, of those who have bought into the epistolary metaphor, can not at some point have entertained the well nigh theological dream of determining the date, place and author of the letter one's life will have been? Until recently, I was not among them. Lacan's fabled Seminar on the Poe text, which I had translated in a state of protracted febrility I still dimly recall, had seemed a nec plus ultra beyond which I had no pretension of going. Even Benjamin, in a short text I translated more recently under the title 'Stamp Scams' (compressed from the German 'Briefmarkenschwindel'), a kind of child's version of 'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction', was convinced that the future of the epistolary genre, or at least that of its aesthetic pretensions, lay, beyond content, beyond the aura of (even the rarest of ) postage stamps, in some future ornateness of the postmark per se.


Malignant vulvovaginal melanoma is a rare, aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and no consensus regarding treatment. Few studies to date have comprehensively examined the efficacy and safety of surgical procedures alongside immunotherapy in their treatment.

 We retrospectively analyzed 169 patients with advanced-stage metastatic melanoma who received at least one dose of immunotherapy between June 2012 to December 2018. Descriptive statistics were used, as well as Chi-square statistical analysis to examine associations between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and treatment response. P-values <0.05 were statistically significant.

 Surgical resection was performed in 63.6% of patients with vulvovaginal melanoma, which was comparable to other melanoma subtypes. From patients with vulvovaginal melanoma who received prior surgery, 80% had progressive disease and 20% response to treatment, compared with 100% progression in patients without prior surgery. Furthermore, patients with vulvovaginal melanoma developed irAEs in 53.8% of the cases. Cutaneous adverse events were overall the most common irAEs and were significantly associated with patient response to ICIs (p = 0.01).

 The majority of patients received surgery prior to immunotherapy. Those who received prior surgery had greater response to immunotherapy compared to those without prior surgery. Surgery and immunotherapy is a unique therapeutic regime to control metastatic vulvovaginal melanoma.


Objective:To investigate the role of sulfatide in the injury and repair process of rabbit arterial endothelia at the early stage.Methods:Twenty New Zealand rabbit models of arterial endothelial ischemia/reperfusion were established by clamping left common carotid for 10 minutes,and then were divided into sulfatide(5 g/L,2 000 ng/g) treatment group and control group,with 10 rabbits in each group.Pathological examinations of the common carotid were performed after the rabbits were sacrificed.Results:The polymorphonuclear leukocytes adhered to the injured endothelium of sulfatide group were more than those of control group.Conclusion:Sulfatides increased the polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to the site of injured endothelium.