Aim of the investigation. To determine if rectal administration of antiepileptic drugs have a role in the treatment of trigeminal pain in a patient unable to take oral medicines. Case. A 75 years old patient with severe trigeminal pain due to a basilar artery dolichoectasia, was unable to take oral medication to control his symptom, and refused to have a nasogastric tube to administer his medicines. Intravenous phenytoin, followed by intravenous lidocaine drip, and i.v. tramadol failed to relieve his pain. As a desperate approach, we use a mixture of carbamazepine 400 mg, gabapentin 400 mg and baclofen 20 mg every six hours given by rectal enema, and i.v. phenytoin 100 mg every 8 h. Results. After the second rectal enema, the patient's pain intensity decreased dramatically. Three days later, he was able to take oral anticonvulsants to continue his treatment. After the second enema, plasma levels of carbamazepine were 6.5 µg/mL (4-10), gabapentin 0.5 mg/mL (2-20), and baclofen 0 (0.08-0.40). Phenytoin plasma levels (after IV administration every 8 h) were 6.5 µg/mL (4-10). Discussion. Although plasma levels of carbamazepine and phenytoin were in the low therapeutic ranges, and gabapentin levels were under therapeutic level, our patient had and excellent response. Rectal administration of carbamazepine and gabapentin seems to be an excellent route for anticonvulsant administration in patients who are unable to take oral medications. Rectal administration of baclofen has no place in trigeminal pain.


In his paper, 'Einstein in Oxford', Dr Robert Fox comments that Arthur Milne, my father, was the only person in Oxford capable of serious discussion with Einstein. They met at organized events, but...


ii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES xv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xviii GLOSSARY xix Chapter 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background 1 1.2.Recirculating aquaculture systems 2 1.3. Critical operational and design considerations of RAS 2 1.3.1. Sludge removal 3 1.3.2. Nitrification 5 1.3.3. Biological oxidation of organics 6 1.3.4. Denitrification 6 1.3.5. Chemical oxidation 8 1.4. Closed systems for intensive fish culture 9 1.5. Study system for wastewater recovery and reuse 11 1.6. References 12 Chapter 2. OZONATION TREATABILITY OF BLUE RIDGE AQUACULTURE


Production rates and production/biomass ratios have been estimated for a large number of macrobenthic species (Hargrave, 1977; Robertson, 1979). The usefulness of such estimates is limited by a lack of information on their temporal and spatial stability; we are aware of only one study (Sarvala, 1980) in which production has been estimated for more than one year. The present study investigates the stability of the production (P), biomass (B) and P/B values of two polychaete species, Nephtys hombergi Savigny and Ampharete acutifrons (Grube), over a 5-year period.


Management procedure calls in a telephone network (2), comprising: - a step (20) issuing a call for an appellant telephone terminal (6) to another equipment (8) network (2); - A step of recording in a call log information on the issued and collected locally called; - A step (22) that call routing to a particular voicemail (18); and - a step (30) for establishing a connection of data exchange between said calling terminal (6) and said voice mail (18). process characterized in that it further comprises: - at least one step (36, 38) transmitting information related to the call by the said voicemail (18) and to the said calling terminal (6); and - at least one stage (40, 60) use of such information by said calling terminal (6) consisting of recording such information transmitted by voice mail in the call log appellant terminal transmitted such information transmitted complete such information on the call issued and collected locally.


The Melbourne University General Circulation Model has been used to simulate the climateof the Southern Hemisphere and its portrayal of the Semiannual Oscillation (SAO) in surfacepressure has been assessed. The model is shown to underestimate the amplitude of the SAOslightly but simulate its general structure quite well. To assess the relative importance of variousfactors in determining the characteristics of the SAO, we perform several anomaly experiments.In particular, we conduct an experiment where the Antarctic topography is leveled, an experimentwhere the sea ice surrounding the Antarctic continent is removed and also an experimentthat combines the two changes. The impact on the SAO is examined as a means to attempt todetermine what the mechanisms for the changes are. The removal of topography, in particular,is demonstrated to have a great effect on the SAO, while the sea ice makes a more modestimpact but of the opposite nature. Some possible mechanisms are suggested. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1998.t01-5-00004.x


Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is a common postpartum disorder of the reproductive system of dairy cows. The incidence, etiology, consequences, treatment and prevention of RFM have been thoroughly discussed. Agreement on the best way to manage and treat RFM is not unanimous. Management and treatment schemes are numerous, and there are proponents of each. Regimes of therapy include no treatment, intrauterine antibacterials, systemic antibacterials, uterine contractants, manual removal, no manual removal and various combinations. At the present time the most widely used treatment for RFM is probably intrauterine tetracycline with or without manual removal of the membranes; however, there is an apparent trend away from manual removal. The ideal therapy for RFM would be non-irritating to the endometrium, non-depressing to the uterine defense mechanism, prevent the development of metritis and promote uterine tone and contractions to discourage the accumulation of fluid. To achieve these desired effects, it would appear that both the proper antibacterials and uterine contractants would be needed. Thus far, the various treatments employed have not consistently brought about the desired results.
Fenprostalene, an analogue of prostaglandin F2 alpha, has recently been advocated as a treatment for RFM. At least 3 reports indicate the beneficial effects of fenprostalene as therapy for RFM in dairy cows. In another trial, however, there was no benefit.
The purpose of this study was to compare fenprostalene and oxytetracycline for the treatment of RFM noting in particular the effect on body temperature, days to expulsion, incidence of postpartum metritis and subsequent fertility.


K. H. Madsen, T. E. Lund Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark Introduction: In order to delimitate the borders between the primary visual areas a visual field sign map is often obtained by using both a polar mapping experiment (rotating wedge) and an eccentricity mapping experiment (expanding ring) [1]. To reduce the acquisition time it has been suggested to use only a rotating double wedge [2]. In this work we suggest showing both stimuli simultaneously to obtain both the polar and the eccentricity mapping thereby reducing the time needed to obtain a visual field sign map or alternatively improving the quality. Methods: Using a 3T scanner (Magnetom Trio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and the standard birdcage headcoil 528 GRE EPI volumes were acquired. The functional volumes consisted of 20 3 mm slices, oriented along the calcarine sulcus, TR=1.2s, FOV=192, 64x64 matrix, flip angle = 67°.Visual stimulation were presented using a projector (Canon LV-7545) placed outside the Faraday cage. A zoom lens projected the image through a waveguide to a screen behind the subject's head. A 3D rigid body transformation was used to correct for motion. For the data analysis a general linear model was used to model the time series of each voxel. To account for temporal autocorrelation the following nuisance covariates were included in the model: High pass filter consisting of discrete cosine transform basis functions with frequencies up to 1/60 Hz, residual motion effects including spin history [3], respiratory and cardiac cycle predictors (RETROICOR) [4]. The effects of interest were modelled with harmonics of the stimulation cycle rate as described in figure 1. To determine the phase of the activation the time to peak (TTP) was found from reconstructed signal for each of the 8 different activation types. The hemodynamic lag was determined and accounted for by comparing the phase of stimuli running in opposite directions with the same frequency. In order to determine activated areas a simple f-test over the effects of interest in question (wedge or ring) was used. Results: Reasonable values for the hemodynamic lag were obtained as seen in figure 2. Figure 3 shows a phase map whereas figure 4 shows a visual field sign map. Discussion: The results suggest that it is possible to identify signals from a rotating wedge and an expanding/contracting ring in a single experiment thereby reducing the time needed to construct a visual field sign map. The quality of the mapping was comparable to one obtained by using two separate experiments each with the same duration. Obtaining both the polar and eccentricity mapping simultaneously also has the advantage that noise level in the polar and the eccentricity map is equal. The experimental data suggest that discrimination between two relatively closely spaced frequencies of activation is possible. This might find use in a wide range of different experiments. The present study used a single wedge. If independence between the right and the left hemisphere is assumed further optimisation can be obtained by using a double wedge [2]. During the analysis it is assumed that the BOLD signal adds up linearly. In the present study this is assured using a relatively narrow ring and wedge (stimulation for 1.4-1.8s). At the position of the overlap between the ring and the wedge an error is introduced as the model predicts an additive effect. However, the effect is small as this occurs very rarely for a specific position. References: [1] Sereno et al. 1994, Cereb Cortex, 4(6), 601-20. [2] Slotnick et al. 2003, HBM, 18, 22-9. [3] Friston et al. 1996, MRM, 35, 346-55. [4] Glover et al. 2000, MRM, 44, 162-7. [5] Genovese et al 2002, Neuroimage, 15, 870-878 Acknowledgements: The Simon Spies Foundation for the Siemens Trio Scanner.


MRI of the clavicle's sternal end has been studied for age estimation. Several pitfalls have been noted, but how they affect age estimation performance remains unclear.


Objective To observe the protective effect on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and the safety of intravitreal injected acteoside in rats.Methods A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats with the weight of 190-210 g were used in this study.Fifteen rats were used for safety experiment of intravitreal injection of acteoside.The rats were divided into group A,B,C,control group and blank group,three rats in each group.The rats in group A,B and C were received intravitreal injection of 5 μl acteoside at the concentration of 1,2,and 5 mg/ml,respectively.Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was injected in rats of control group.No treatment was performed for blank group.The retinal structure was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of retinal frozen sections at one,two and three weeks after injection.The retinal ultrastructure was examined by ultrathin section under transmission electron microscope at one and three weeks after injection.Others 35 rats were used for experiment of protective effect of acteoside on RGC.The rats were divided into operation group A and B (n=8),sham operation group C and D (n=8),and blank group (n=3).The optic nerve of rats in operation group was clamped for 10 seconds after optic nerve exposure,while the optic nerve of rats in sham operation group was exposed only.The rats in operation group A and B were received intravitreal injection with 5 μl acteoside (1 mg/ml) and 5 μl PBS respectively.The rats in sham operation group C and D were received intravitreal injection with 1 μl acteoside (1 mg/ml) and 1 μl PBS respectively.No treatment was performed for blank group.The retinal structure was examined by HE staining of retinal frozen sections at one,two and four weeks after injection.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43).RGC apoptosis was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method.Software of SPSS 13.0 was used for the data statistical analysis in this study.Results In the safety experiment of intravitreal injected acteoside,there was no abnormity of cornea,anterior chamber,lens,vitreous cavity and retina after injection.At one,two and three weeks after injection,the retina structure was normal without significant apoptosis,necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration.The ganglion cell layer showed slightly edema; there was no obvious change of retinal ultrastructure after injection of acteoside with 5 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml,but slight change with the format of 1 mg/ml.Transmission electron microscopy showed that intravitreal injection of 5μl acteoside at the concentration of 2 or 5 mg/ml can induce significant changes of micro-structures of retina,while injections at 1mg/ml can only induce minor changes.In the experiment of protective effect of acteoside on RGC,light microscope revealed that the cell showed typical changes of apoptosis in operation group,but not in sham operation group and blank group.At the first and second week after injection,compared with the sham operation group and blank group,the RGC number was decreased in operation group.The difference of RGC numbers between operation group A and B was statistically different (F=26.206,P<0.05).The RGC numbers in operation group continues to decrease at the fourth week after injection,there was obvious difference compared with the first and second week after injection (F=17.364,P<0.05),but there was no difference of RGC numbers among sham operation intra-group and between sham operation group and blank group at all the time points.Immunohistochemistry showed that at the first week after injection,the integrated absorbance (IA) value in operation group was higher than that in other groups (F=33.466,P<0.05) ; there was no difference of IA value between operation group A and B.At the second week after injection,IA value in operation group A had slightly declined,but higher than that in operation group B (F=14.391,P<0.05).At the fourth week after injection,IA value in operation group A declined further,but also higher than that in other groups (F=4.178,P<0.05).TUNEL showed that on the first week after injection,RGC apoptosis rate in operation group was increased than that in other groups (F=15.365,P<0.05).At the second week after injection,RGC apoptosis rate in operation group was decreased,and it in operation group A was lower than that in operation group B (F=15.365,P<0.05).At the fourth week after injection,RGC apoptosis rate in operation group was decreased obviously,there was no difference compared with other groups (F =2.057,P > 0.05).There was no difference of RGC apoptosis rate between sham operation group and blank group at all the time points.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of 5 μl acteoside (1mg/ml) is safe for rat retina,and can up-regulate GAP-43 expression and inhibit RGC apoptosis in optic nerve crush rats.

Key words:
Polyphenols/therapeutic use;  Retinal ganglion cells/drug effects;  Retinal ganglion cells/pathology;  GAP-43 protein


A material parameter Rd is presented, called the "dynamic thermal shock resistance," which measures the resistance to thermal stress waves induced by very rapid body heating, e.g. by radiation, of both slender and massive bodies. This dynamic parameter is the complementing counterpart to the well-known "quasi-static thermal shock resistance" Rs, which is the classical measure for the resistance to thermal stresses due to temperature gradients induced by ordinary contact (or surface) heating when inertia effects may be neglected. The two material parameters. Rd and Rs, give a very different ranking of materials. Both parameters have an important physical significance: they place a restriction, solely defined in terms of material properties, on the maximum value of the product of a characteristic structural dimension and the specific thermal power or heating.


Studied the effect of group discussion and racial group membership on attributions concerning the causes of racial discrimination. Twenty- four Black (mostly West Indian) and 24 White adolescents (age 16-19) were assigned in pairs to each cell of a 2 (Race of subject: Black/White) × 2 (Discussion/No Discussion) 'mixed' design. Each subject read four items exemplifying types of racial discrimination and attributed each to negative dispositions of Black people and/or discrimination by White authority figures ('the system'). Subjects in the Discussion condition spent two minutes discussing each item prior to making their judgements. Ratings of ingroup and outgroup on eight attitudinal dimensions were also elicited, followed by a social distance measure.

Multivariate analyses of variance revealed effects for racial group membership (p < 0.05) and group discussion (p < 0.05) on attributions. Further examination of the data by means of discriminant analyses indicated which items differentiate between the groups. Data based on the attitudinal ratings were also subjected to multivariate analyses and point to the positive group-image of the Black respondents and a lack of intergroup discrimination by the White subjects; the social distance scores of the latter subjects are, however, higher. Results are discussed in terms of the literature on group polarization and intergroup differentiation.


The utility model discloses a foundation bolt support assembly. The foundation bolt support assembly comprises a main support rod, an upper rod, a lower rod, a first connection rod, a second connection rod and a locking assembly, wherein one end of the upper rod is pivoted with a ladder rod to form a first pivot point; the other end of the upper rod is pivoted with the main support rod to form a second pivot point; one end of the lower rod is pivoted with the ladder rod to form a third pivot point; the other end of the lower rod is pivoted with the main support rod to form a fourth pivot point; the upper end of the first connection rod is pivoted with the first pivot point; the lower end of the second connection rod is pivoted with the lower rod to form a fifth pivot point; the lower end of the first connection rod is pivoted with the upper end of the second connection rod; the locking assembly is used for locking the first connection rod and the second connection rod. The foundation bolt support assembly can be folded; the ladder occupation space can be reduced; the foundation bolt support assembly is convenient to carry and use; the safety of a ladder is improved during use.


In the past, the manual subject inscription process was carried out in a tedious and impractical way, by making the data management in data sheets and fulfilling the many inscription paper formats. Using of this type of methodology for this process was considered the most appropriated at that time. Due to the amount of documents and files that were generated during the window registration process, the time to accomplish the task became too slow and unsustainable, causing the student lines to lengthen, a lot of pressure to the coordinators who are in charge of performing the process that could take a around 3 to 4 days to attend the total number of students, and finally lots of paper wasted on the process. Therefore, this work presents automation of the window registration process, creating a material manager in order to meet the needs of the coordinators, allowing the registration process to be more efficient for four university education programs.


The transition from open-pit to underground mining has been completed in Houguanyin Mountain Iron Mine.The structure parameters were optimized with ANSYS(finite element analysis) software for the stope using backfill method with two-step stoping,based on mechanical parameters of rock mass and filling body.Structure parameters for various stopes,stope roof thickness,as well as the stope stress state and stope shape deformation under multi-stope operation were all simulated with ANSYS.The optimal parameters have been established based on the comprehensive analysis results.Results showed that the optimal stope should be with pillars and rooms,respectively,20 meters and 30 meters long.This design has got good result in the mine application,ensuring the safety and efficiency in underground mineral exploitation.


Objective:To discuss the standard of expense of single disease eutocia of new rural cooperative medical service in Pingluo and Longde county,and to explore the system of expense of single disease of new rural cooperative medical service in Ningxia.Methods:Collecting the data that were the cost of hospitalization of eutocia patient compensated from new rural cooperatives medical service in Pingluo and Longde county by using the systemic random sampling from January,2005 to December,2006.There were 10% of all data,the 263 effective samplings from pingluo county,there were 30% of all data,the 256 effective samplings from Longde county,which were analyzed by using the rank sum test and χ2 test.Results:①Standard of expense for single disease eutocial in pingluo county:the expense was suggested 409.00 Yuan in township level hospital,the expense with surgery was suggested 878.00 Yuan,the expense of non-surgery was suggested 678.00 Yuan in county hospital.②standard of expense for single disease eutocial in Longed county:The expense was suggested 244.00 Yuan in township level hospital;the expense with surgery was suggested 532.00 Yuan,the expense of non-surgery was suggested 441.00 Yuan in county hospital.Conclusion:The standard of expense for eutocia should be divided into two kinds of patters of city area and mountainous area,two levels of the county and the township hospital in every patter.The county hospital should be divided into two levels of the surgery and non-surgery in Ningxia.


Dengue fever (DF) is an intense febrile disease described by abrupt beginning of fever of 3-5 days, intense migraine, myalgia, joint pain, retro-orbital agony, anorexia, gastrointestinal unsettling influences and different levels of thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia has reliably been one of the likely clinical pointers of dengue severity. As our studies revealed that overall prevalence of thrombocytopenia in Dengue is high i.e., 69% from mild to severe. However, since the female to male ratio i.e., 21:79 was unfairly very low to generalize the gender-wise prevalence result. In addition, severity of clinical manifestation of dengue disease were correlated with the respective platelet counts and there was a negative correlation between platelet count and clinical complications indicating that lower the platelet count more are the complications and their respective severity as patients with lower platelet count was found to have higher chances of non-hemorrhagic complications. Further forthcoming investigations are expected to assess the utility of other blood indices in dengue fever so, there is a need to concentrate on the detail hematology profile and comprehend its significance so that the adverse outcomes of this rapidly spreading disease can be controlled to a great extent.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Service Quality and Trust on Customer Satisfaction of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. KCP Tambun Mangunjaya. The sample of this research is the customer of Bank Mandiri Branch Tambun Mangunjaya. The sample used was 100 people using non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling method. The results showed that partially the positive effect of the service quality variable on the customer satisfaction variable was β1 0.614 (sig 0.000) while the positive effect of the trust variable on the customer satisfaction variable was β2 0.400 (sig 0.028). The value of Adjusted R Square is 0.897, which means that 89.7% of service quality and trust affect customer satisfaction of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. KCP Tambun Mangunjaya and the remaining 10.3% were influenced by other factors not examined in this study.


Objiective: To investigate the feasibility of assessing myocardial passive mechanical properties using ultrasound cyclic indentation and to lay foundation on assessing directly myocardial passive mechanical properties in vivo. Methods: Isolated canine myocardium was compressed by cyclic loading-unloading using ultrasound indentation apparatus and force of indentation and deformation of myocardium were obtained. Results: Mechanical parameters of cardiac apex and free wall such as A、B、C、D、E were obtained respectively through using the quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) theory to process the experimental data. Statistical difference was not found between the two site (P 0.05). Conclusion: Assessing myocardial passive mechanical properties using intervention ultrasound indentation is feasible. This indentation method can be used to assess myocardial passive mechanical properties in vivo in diastole under different status. Further recognition on diastolic heart failure from mechanical mechanism will be obtained.


Standard analysis for ranks from two‐way layout data with ties or for 'rank transformed' data with ties can be extended to allow market research to make better comparisons between products. In addition to detecting product average ranks effects, the new analysis allows detection of significant nonlinear effects, umbrella effects, linear contrasts and differences in distributions. The paper presents market research results comparing three types of french fries. There are no differences, according to the standard Friedman analysis. However significant nonlinear effects are found using the new analysis, which give the manufacturer important information.


repaired. The development of extremely sensitive laboratory systems for detecting mutagenicity on the basis of electrophilic activity or the production of electrophilic metabolites has extended the frontiers of laboratory research far ahead of any knowledge with a sure foundation in terms of observations in intact whole animals. The gap between the laboratory and human disease is even wider. The result is that the public is exposed to alarming statements from front-line scientists of the highest calibre such as "Charred food can be regarded as a major source of mutagens in cooked food,"2 and "The mutagenicity of one cup of coffee or tea is more than that of the smoke condensate from one cigarette."3 Clearly confusion reigns over the interpretation of laboratory findings in terms of risk of human cancer. Another source of confusion is that the two terms, tumour initiation and tumour promotion, can no longer describe adequately all the mechanisms of importance in carcinogenesis. For instance, neither of these terms is obviously relevant to any explanation of why successful pregnancy early in adult life protects against breast cancer,4 or how simple restriction of diet may dramatically reduce the incidence of tumours in laboratory animals.5 Even at the level of test-tube research we seem to need more terms. Ashby and his colleagues6 proposed a distinction between "genetic" and "epigenetic" mechanisms. Nagao and his colleagues7 introduced the term "co-mutagenicity" to describe the phenomenon whereby a mixture of two non-mutagens (norharman and o-toluidine) is strongly mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium, and Ashby and Styles8 refer to a "variety of responses elicited by a chemical in an in vitro test," and suggest the term "conditional carcinogenicity" as an aid to describing the "range of carcinogenic expression of carcinogens." Probably we are close to losing the simple concept, which has long served us well, of there being two stages in carcinogenesis: a mutation followed by a second stage. The mutation part is going to have to take co-mutagenicity into account, and the second stage is going to have to encompass a wide variety of phenomena, including the effects of hormones, energy intake, irritation, aging, immunological status, stress, psychological state, and a host of other factors. In the end we may hope-along with Peter Brookes-to be able to explain all things in terms of molecular biology, but that type of research may not be the best way to tackle the problems in the first instance. In drug research, emphasis is rapidly moving towards the importance of hormones and various potent endogenously produced substances such as prostaglandins, endorphins, enkephalins, and interferon. Without doubt such substances will figure prominently in the next issue of the British Medical Bulletin on mechanisms of carcinogenesis.


This pathbreaking collection brings together a selection of work by Nobel Prize winning authors from the archives of the Institute of Economic Affairs. The laureates whose work is featured made an important contribution to economists' understanding of a market economy. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the editors, the publishers or the authors of these outstanding articles would have predicted quite how widespread and important their influence would be. The editors have chosen works to demonstrate the challenge raised by these authors to the socialist consensus of the time amongst both academics and politicians. The volumes are organised by theme, examining issues such as monetary policy, unemployment, and government regulation, as well as considering the power of language and ideas.


We have investigated the flora of Yeongheungdo Island in Ongjin-gun, Incheon. A total of 13 separate field trips were carried out from March 2012 to October 2013. As a result, 302 taxa including 80 families, 211 genera, 261 species, 6 subspecies, 31 varieties and 4 forms were identified. These include the following: 1 taxon protected under the Act on the Protection and Management of Wildlife, 3 Korean endemic taxa, 8 floristic indicator species including 2 taxa of grade V, 3 of grade II and 3 of grade I, 33 naturalized taxa with the naturalization rate of 10.9% and 1 northern taxon vulnerable to climate change.


In this paper, the biased estimator that is derived in Ng, Low, and Quah (2007) is further studied. The expression for the higher moments of the estimator is important if we want to know the whole sampling properties of the estimator. Hence, a general expressionfor the higher moments of the estimator is derived in this paper. Furthermore, the bias, variance, mean squared error, skewness and kurtosis of the estimator are derived from the higher moments of the estimator.


Social networks become widely used for understanding patients shared experiences, and reaching a vast audience in a matter of seconds. In particular, many health-related organizations used sentiment analysis to automatically reporting treatment issues, drug misuse, new infectious disease symptoms. Few approaches have proposed in this matter, especially for detecting different drug reaction descriptions from patients generated narratives on social networks. Most of them consisted of only detecting adverse drug reaction(ADR), but may fail to retrieve other aspect, e.g, the beneficial drug reaction or drug retroviral effects such as "relieve intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma". In this study, we propose to develop an encoder-decoder for drug reaction discrimination that involves an enhanced distributed biomedical representation from controlled medical vocabulary such as PubMed and Clinical note MIMIC III. The embedding mechanism primarily leverages contextual information and learn from predefined clinical relationships in term of medical conditions in order to define possible drug reaction of individual meaning and multi-word expressions in the field of distributional semantics configuration that clarifies sentence's similarity in the same contextual target space, which are further share semantically common drug description meanings. Furthermore, the bidirectional sentiment inductive model are created to enhance drug reactions vectorization from real-world patients description whereby achieved higher performance in terms of disambiguating false positive and/or negative assessments. As a result, we achieved an 85.2% accuracy performance and the architecture shows a well-encoding of real-world drug entities descriptions.


Abstract We prove that the Riemann Hypothesis holds if and only if for all 0 1 2 and all 1 2 0), where Φ is the Laplace transform of the function χ[α,β]φ for some φ ∈ L1(R+, dx) and some 0 0 and for all x > 0, ψλn(x) ↦ e−xx−λ (n ↦ ∞), and that for any ρ > 0, any λ > 0, and any real σ, we have ∫∞ρ |ψλn (x) − e−xx−λ| xσdx ↦ 0 (n ↦ ∞).


Aucuba omeinensis Fang is a peculiar plant in Sichuan.By the investigation on its resources and medicinal situation and the analysis of medicinal materials properties,microscopic properties and main chemical composition,so making the best of Aucuba omeinensis Fang resources and providing reference data for the further research and development and utilization


Purpose - An increasing number of people are migrating within the borders of China. Some migrants have to leave their children behind, and 58,000,000 children are estimated to be living as left-beh ...


The powertrain is one of the import sources for the interior noise. In order to predict the interior noise due to a powertrain, the experimental method is has been used based on the TPA (transfer path analysis). Although this experimental method is a useful tool for the identification of the noise source and the transfer path due to the powertrain, it is difficult to modify the structure of a powertrain by using the experimental method for the reduction of vibration and noise. In order to solve this problem, the paper presents the noble approach for the prediction of interior noise caused by the vibration of the powertrain based on the hybrid TPA (transfer path analysis) technology. Therefore, the vibration of the powertrain in a vehicle is numerically analyzed by using FEM (finite element method). The vibration of the other part in a vehicle is investigated by using the experimental method based on VATF (vibrato‐acoustic transfer function) analysis. These two methods are combined for the prediction of in...


Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. There is evidence suggesting that a lack of knowledge is one contributor to osteoporosis. Low literacy rates, lack of awareness regarding disease consequences and risk factors ultimately result in increased incidence of this disease. Objectives: To assess osteoporosis knowledge, attitude and practice among adult women (18 years and over) in Majmaah City. Materials and methods: Data were collected from 390 females in popular public places of Majmaah City based on a convenience sampling technique. Participants were asked to fill in a structured, precoded and pretested questionnaire, which consisted of three domains to assess their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of osteoporosis. Results: The findings showed that women had fair to good levels of knowledge (50%), attitude (55%) and practice (60%) about osteoporosis. Media was the main source for information about osteoporosis identified by the women (57.69%). Significant differences were observed between age and knowledge, attitude and practice of osteoporosis (P =0.004), in which the younger population had a higher level of knowledge and attitude but the middle-aged population had better preventative practice. Participants were sometimes exposing themselves to sunlight (37.4%) and taking vitamins and calcium-rich food (50.8%) but rarely performing physical activity (35.4%). Conclusions: Women had fair to good KAP levels regarding osteoporosis. Participants showed a positive attitude towards osteoporosis in terms of reading materials and how to protect themselves against this disease.


The invention discloses two production methods of a water-retentive biodegradable fertilizer produced with a water-absorbing degradable material. The water-absorbing degradable material is konjak, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose or chitosan. One method comprises the following steps: mixing a chemical fertilizer with the water-absorbing degradable material according to the weight ratio of 20: (1-5), the chemical fertilizer being nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer or potash fertilizer, adding water into the mixture, then drying, cutting, sterilizing and subpackaging the mixture to obtain the water-retentive biodegradable fertilizer. The other method comprises the following steps: firstly utilizing the water-absorbing degradable material to filter a body of water by multistage, purifying the eutrophic body of water, after the quality of the body of water is qualified, precipitating, drying, sterilizing and subpackaging the water-absorbing degradable material to obtain the water-retentive biodegradable fertilizer. On one hand, the water-retentive biodegradable fertilizer is provided from the aspect of improving the biodegradability, and on the other hand, the eutrophic body of water is processed in advance to obtain the water-retentive material rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, so as to reduce the discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur.


Zn-doped TiO2 thin films on titanium substrates were prepared by sol-gel method with titanium tetrachloride as the precursor and ZnCl2 as a source of zinc.The heat-treatment temperature dependence of the photoelectrochemical performance in 0.2mol/L Na2SO4 of the Zn-doped TiO2 film was investigated by the techniques of Mott-Shottky relation,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and linear sweep voltammetry.The results from Mott-Shottky curves show that the obtained films all were N type semiconductor,and the film at 300℃ has the highest position of conduction band and the widest space charge layer.The EIS resistance of the 300℃ film decreases most from the state of illumination to the dark.The strongest light current occurs in Zn-doped TiO2 film at 300℃ from LSV curves.


[Objective] The purpose was to study the pathogenicity of Verticillium lecanii MZ041024 to the adult of Lycoriella pleuroti.[Method] With L.pleuroti selected from the fungi bags in the edible fungi cultivation land in Mengzi County as the tested material,the conidium concn.of V.lecanii MZ041024 was set up as 5 treating concn.from 5.0×104-5.0×108 spores/ml to make the determination on the virulence to the adult of L.pleuroti in lab.[Result] The virulence of V.lecanii to the adult of L.pleuroti was strengthened along with the increase of conidium concn.and the adult of L.pleuroti appeared to be dead from 2nd d,with the mortality rate of adult was 31.92%,45.16%,62.25%,73.03% and 79.78% resp.under 5 conidium concn.from 5.0×104~5.0×108 spores/ml.LC50 was 3.581×108,2.451×107,4.218×106 and 2.648×105 spores/ml in 4th,5th,6th,7th d resp.LT50 of adult under 5 conidium concn.from 5.0×104-5.0×108 spores/ml was shortened along with the increase of conidium concn.and it was shortened from 7.5 d to 4.8 d.[Conclusion] V.lecanii MZ041024 had stronger virulence and better control effect on the adult of L.pleuroti in the lab.


This guide will assist research and reading for the Georgetown College theology curriculum. Find audiovisual resources to supplement the Theology curriculum.


Objective:To prepare and characterize docetaxel niosomes.Methods:The docetaxel niosomes were prepared with Span-40,Span-60 and Solutol HS 15 by ethanol injection followed by a lyophilization.The lyophilized docetaxel niosomes were characterized with regards to the particle size by dymanic light scattering,entrapment efficiency by UF centrifugal and HPLC.Results:The doceltaxel niosomes pre-and post-lyophilization featured an entrapment efficiency of 93.16% and 83.52%,particle size of 182.6 and 215.5nm,respectively.Conclusion:Docetaxel niosomes owned a narrow range of size distribution and high entrapment efficiency.


To family foundations, it may seem like community foundations are only after one thing: their assets. Family foundations may worry that a relationship with a communi ty foundation will be unbalanced, with the family foundation doing all the giving while receiving few benefits. A healthy relation ship with a community foundation is pos sible, however, and it can be a very useful partnership for a family foundation. This article explores the many ways these two types of foundations can work together to achieve the goals and objectives of the fam ily foundation. Collaboration and Leverage The decline of the investment markets a few years ago and a nationwide reduction in government spending have increased the pressure on private philanthropy. With dimin ished resources, family foundations and com munity foundations have banded together in new ways to maximize impact and coordinate efforts in their local communities. These partnerships are typically organized around a single theme or issue (e.g., hunger or teenage pregnancy). At their most formal, these partnerships are called "funding col laboratives," and they may have an adviso ry board of foundation executives. (See case study, The Fund for Our Economic Future, on page 2.) Other partnerships are more infor mal, with two or more foundations cooper ating to fund and manage individual grants or entire grant programs. Collaborating with a local foundation on an issue of mutual interest allows both parties to coordinate their funding to pro vide additional leverage and impact. (See case study, The Weaver Foundation, on page 3.)


Introduction Two papers have previously been presented by the authors via this journaltt2) dealing with the basic concepts of the improved graphical technique and the application of this technique to the solution of travelling wave problems on single-phase systems which may include substantial non-linear elements. The idea ofemploying resolved waves on transmission lines is not, of course, new. Chevalierts! used the technique in 1945. Bewley(4)also applied the idea when he produced the celebrated 'Lattice Method'. This latter method has been applied to the solution of multi-phase problems by several people.ts. 6) It is the purpose of this article to suggest a technique, using the graphical principles, for the solution of problems on simple, symmetrical, three-phase systems. No pretence is made that a complicated real system may be solved on the drawing board, though the method may be quite easily programmed for a digital computer for the solution of such problems, and this has been done by the authors. The major advantage of the method presented is that it makes use of several techniques familiar to the undergraduate (e.g, the use of matrices and symmetrical components) and may be found to bring home the concept of travelling waves in mutually connected systems without the added, often confusing use ofrclatively advanced mathematics.


The consequence of increased miniaturization of control units, computers or measuring plants is a higher sensitivity of individual components to electromagnetic waves. The protection provided by conventional housings made of plastic is insufficient. Metallizing and galvanizing the casings are among the possibilities of screening the units


developments. Furthermore, differences between national cultures and traditions are ironed out rather than brought into relief. Finally, the diversity of novelistic responses to film tends to be homogenized by the conclusion that film is an expression of the 'zeittypisches Gmndgeffhl der Derealisierung' (p.139). It is only in the last pages that a new perspective on the subject emerges. If, after 1918, there is such a widespread aversion to technology, might this not have something to do with the experience of the War, given the welldocumented links between war and cinematic technology (Virilio, Guerre et Cinema (1984); Kittler, Grammophon Film Typewriter (1985))? And, if it is true that technology and film were so often demonized by Western Europeans, then why is it that in America at the same time film was seen as


Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander's death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.


THz emission from semiconductor nanowires has been an emerging trend since nanowires exhibit an increase in optical absorption by having a much larger effective surface area than films. The efficient THz emission is related to strong local field enhancement by coherent surface plasmons. In this work, we investigated THz generation from nanowires fabricated through a process that utilizes e-beam lithography and plasma etching, giving us full control of structural geometry such as the diameter, length, excellent-vertical alignment, and perfectly-uniform distribution.


Glucocorticoids (GC) are one of the most common drugs in the practice of doctors of various specialties because of their therapeutic effects. The increased number of usage is related to the current SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic. However, GC therapy has serious obstacles caused by side effects, including those leading to fatal outcomes. Side effects include: glucose and lipid metabolism impairments, weight gain, sleep disorders, thromboembolism, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, myopathy, etc. The described processes cause a direct increase in the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) even with short-term therapy and low doses of GC, which affects the further life, prognosis and outcomes of the underlying disease. This review describes in detail the pathogenetic mechanisms and the mutual influence of the side effects of GC, their contribution to the subsequent occurrence of CVD and focuses on the danger of irrational use of GC therapy.


The effect of additives on polysulfone membrane per formance in peat water filtration was investigated. Polysulfone membrane was prepared by immersion precipitation from quarternary membrane systems containing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and acetone as additives. The perfo rmance of membrane was evaluated by pure water flux and humic acid rejection. Results show that rejection of humic acid in peat water increased with the increase of aceton e concentration. The maximum rejection was achieved at 8% wt acetone concentration. The presence of acetone cont ributed to the tight skin layer formation of polysu lfone membrane. Other results suggest that membrane hydrophi licity can be improved by increasing of PEG concent ration in membrane matrix, which was indicated by the increase of water flux around 127 LMH at the presence 25% wt of PEG. In high PEG concentration, the humic acid reje ction was decreased which may be attributed to more open pore formed in the skin layer of the membrane and l eads to a more severe irreversible fouling.


Allergies have been found to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, few reports have described angioedema occurring in elderly men with systemic lupus erythematosus. Herein, we report the case of an 85-year-old man who presented with angioedema with eosinophilia. The patient was initially thought to have a drug-induced allergy. The differentiation between allergic reactions caused by drugs and those caused by eosinophilia with SLE can be challenging. The effect of the withdrawal of the suspected culprit drug and allergic dermal findings can be key to differentiating the two conditions. SLE is prevalent among younger generations; hence, active immunity can induce various symptoms, including eosinophilia, which causes angioedema. Even older people with SLE can have a strong immune reaction, resulting in angioedema with eosinophilia. In cases of localized facial edema in elderly patients with SLE, it is critical to consider angioedema caused by eosinophilia as a differential diagnosis.


The present research focuses on torrefaction and fast pyrolysis of Malaysian oil palm residue (empty fruit bunches, palm mesocarp fibre, and palm kernel shell), these biomass types were selected due to their abundant quantity in the country, the current inefficient recycling methods, and the little availability of the decomposition data from few published studies. Torrefaction experiments were carried out in fabricated torrefaction reactor, while fast pyrolysis experiment conducted in newly invented and designed novel drop type pyrolyzer featuring the ability to recover all pyrolysis products with high recover percentage up to 98%.


A double-blind, single-dose trial was carried out on 30 asthmatic children to study the effect of oral terbutaline in two different concentrations and of a placebo on ventilatory function and pulse rate. The higher dose of terbutaline (0·075 mg/kg) gave a satisfactory and prolonged action on ventilation without cardiovascular side effects.


In the present work, the air-injection as an active flow stabilizing techniques were numerically examined during the aerodynamic behavior and the characteristics of an axial compressor. First, in design condition, the characteristic curve was numerically captured for a specified test compressor. The computed results showed good agreements with those obtained from the experiments. They validate the finite-volume solver which was developed based on Van Leer's flux splitting algorithm in conjunction with TVD limiters and the κ-e turbulence model. At the second step, to examine the performance of the air injection technique unstable condition, the operating points were set for the unstable condition upon the operating map, and the expected unstable flow patterns were captured. At the final step, the numerical simulation was completed with the air injection, and surprisingly, the unstable flow patterns became highly re-stabilized. Consequently, a s ignificant recovery of the performance was augmented. The study could successfully demonstrate the capability of the numerical studies for simulating the active flow controls specifically the inlet air-injection technique using a 2-D finite volume approach.


Part 1 General Themes: The concept of role expansion The notion of competence in nursing Ethics and the professional Legal aspects of role expansion Some European aspects of role expansion Nurse prescribing Part 2 Areas of Practice: Clinical nurse specialists Role expansion in ICU nursing - a national survey The role of the practice nurse The enhanced role of the midwife Accident and Emergency and the nurse practitioner Health care assistants and accountability Appendix


The invention discloses a wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle applied to protected agriculture. The wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle comprises a moving platform, a navigation system, an obstacle detection system, a material bearing device and a control system. The moving platform is used for providing power to the wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle; the navigation system, which is at a front end of a chassis of the moving platform, is used for independent navigation of the wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle; the obstacle detection system, which surrounds the vehicle body of the wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle, is used for detecting whether there is an obstacle within a predetermined distance around the wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle and sending an obstacle signal to the control system; the wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle is above the moving platform; and the control system, which is electrically connected with the navigation system, the obstacle detection system and the moving platform, is used for receiving signals sent by the navigation system and the obstacle detection system and controlling motions of the moving platform. According to the provided wheel-type intelligent transport vehicle applied to protected agriculture in the invention, on the condition of unmanned operation, materials for production can be safely conveyed to a plurality of assigned stations along a planned path.


The spectral radiance of breaking wind waves on an ocean or lake, commonly referred to as whitecaps, has been measured using a multi-spectral scanner mounted in an aircraft. At least seven optical windows extending from .57 to 1.64 μm were employed. The texture of the scene varies with the interrogating wavelength. Many narrow streaks become apparent in the near visible band at 1.64 μm than in the visible bands. Apart from a factor of at least 10 in radiance between the whitecaps and the background water, the breaking waves demonstrate a different spectral distribution. In addition, a change in sensitivity occurs in the spectral radiance of the whitecaps at a wavelength of about .8 μm in the oceanic cases and .65 μm in the fresh water cases which is not observed in the light from the background water. Areas identified as foam indicate a behaviour intermediate in intensity and spectral distribution between whitecaps and background. Several attempts to automatically categorize pixels according to their spectral, probabilistic and spatial characteristics will be described.


Recently Danone has been packaging a yoghurt product in a degradable package made of the renewable raw material polylactic acid (PLA). Apart from the development aspects of the tubs themselves, the company had to devise a disposal strategy and make preparations for a life-cycle analysis.


: The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle faeces in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria was determined by a commercially produced enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Out of a total of 198 cattle faecal samples, 18.0% were positive for coproantigens. There were significant differences in infection rates in all the factors tested except the size of a cattle herd and sex. On herd size, the infection rate was highest in the 200-300 cattle herd size, 35% (8/23; χ 2 =5.397; Pv=0.06) ahead of 101-180, 0.00% (0/1) and 1-100 cattle herd group, 16% (27/174). For sex impact on infection, there were no significant differences (p 0.05) between the infection rates of 16.5% in males and 18.5% in females, (χ 2 = 0.1346; Pv=0.714). Other factors tested that showed significant association with occurrence of Cryptosporidium were faecal consistency where diarrheic faeces had the highest prevalence of 73% (8/11) with a significant statistical difference (χ 2 =24.92; PV-0.00) amongst other forms of faeces such as loose faeces, 19% (8/43) and well-formed, 13.2% (19/144). Prevalence in the intensive management system of cattle was significantly higher than other methods of cattle rearing, 34% (21/61) with a significant statistical difference (χ 2 =17.31: Pv=0.00). The highest rate of infection of 49.1% (26/53) was observed in calves up to 90 days of age while heifers between 271-360 days of age had the lowest rate of infection of 1.6% (1/62). The difference between the rates was significant (χ 2 = 51.98; Pv=0.00). The result of the study showed that the prevalence of Cryptosporidium is high in cattle in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria with calves being at the highest risk.


Oil and gas flows need accurate rates measurement since they are stated by law. In such industries fields some pipe effects are usual to be faced, due to installation connectors for example. Hence flow disturbances occur and measurement accuracy may be committed. On the other hand, ultrasonic flow measurement technology depends on being installed at a tube section where fully developed flow is established. The paper presents, specifically, a preliminary evaluation of upstream bend effects on flow profiles at metering section. A numerical approach has been used in order to estimate the entrance length and fully developed flow definition via computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Standard k − ε turbulence model has been used to all simulations. Reynolds number is defined as 1x10 and previous results are graphically shown and commented.


PURPOSE: An artificial liver system using an antibiotic is provided to achieve an artificial liver capable of effectively performing functions similar with the real liver of the human body and being connected to an external circulation system of an animal, thus widening the range of utilization thereof. CONSTITUTION: The artificial liver system using an antibiotic is comprised of an inflow bead layer charged with crystal beads; a liver cell layer located adjacent to the top of the bead layer and charged with gel bead type liver cells having a reinforced mechanical strength and cultivated with the antibiotic; and an outflow bead layer located adjacent to the top of the liver cell layer and charged with crystal beads; and a water jacket wrapping the layers as stated above.


14 [1] Troshichev et al. [2006, hereinafter referred to as T06] 15 presented newly calculated unified PC indices from both 16 hemispheres that are ''well consistent one with another in 17 their value and behavior and linearly correlate with the solar 18 wind merging electric field (MEF)'' (p.1 of T06). Signifi19 cant differences in the magnitude between the northern 20 (PCN) and southern (PCS) indices produced by the Danish 21 Meteorological Institute (DMI) and the Arctic and Antarctic 22 Research Institute (AARI), respectively, was revealed after 23 transition to the 1-min values [Lukianova et al., 2002]. 24 Since the technique traditionally applied for calculation of 25 the PCN and PCS is different to some degree, elaboration of 26 the consensus between two institutions, the producers of the 27 indices, is quite appreciated. However, careful examination 28 of the changes introduced by T06 to the procedure and the 29 results of these changes reveals some contradictions. T06 30 alleged that the newly applied smoothing of the coefficients 31 and the choice of quiet daily variation (QD) as the level of 32 reference for magnetic disturbances have eliminated the 33 systematic exceeding of the PCS over the PCN. The 34 similarity of two indices was achieved in such a manner 35 that the PCS became smaller while the PCN became larger. 36 [2] The AARI technique always took into account devia37 tions of the magnetic field from the QD curve. In the DMI 38 technique an appropriate daily quiet level (QWL) was 39 deduced from interpolation between the magnetic field's 40 absolute values determined at midnight hours of quiet 41 winter days in 2 consecutive years [Vennerstrøm et al., 42 1991]. The analysis performed in preparation of the paper 43 [Lukianova et al., 2002] revealed that the exceeding of 44 PCS over PCN quickly increased with the growth of 45 magnetic activity and mostly during the northern summer 46 months. In order to check if the discrepancy in the indices 47 arises from the different procedure, the AARI technique 48 was applied to the magnetic data from Thule. The calcu49 lations by AARI method showed that the northern 50 PCN_AARI became larger and closer to PCS than pub51 lished PCN from DMI. The increase of PCN_AARI accel52 erated with the growth of magnetic activity. The similarity 53 of PCN_AARI to PCS was achieved solely due to an 54 increase of the former. An example of the 1-min PC time 55 series for 1998 is presented in Figure 1. In this figure, the 56 former published PCN and PCS are presented along with 57 the northern PCN_AARI. 58 [3] T06 did not mention the specific character of the 59 discrepancy between PCN and PCS. T06 stated that the 60 former PCN was an ''underestimate,'' whereas the PCS was 61 an ''overestimate.'' These authors argued that the main 62 reason for the discrepancy was ''too high'' and ''extremely 63 weak'' of a smoothing applying to the normalization coef64 ficients (p. 4 of T06). The first goal of present comment is to 65 demonstrate that the choice of the level of reference, 66 namely replacing the QWL line by the QD curve, is crucial 67 for increasing the magnitude of PCN in response to the solar 68 wind (SW) and IMF forcing. Other factors (better capture of 69 the UT variation of fitting parameters as well as the 70 procedure for derivation of the QD curve) are of secondary 71 order with respect to the leveling of PCN and PCS ampli72 tude especially during disturbed periods. As is shown in this 73 comment, for the unified index, T06 followed the AARI 74 technique and used the QD in both hemispheres. Conse75 quently, a question of why does the amplitude of the unified 76 PCS turn out smaller than that of former PCS arises. Also, a 77 larger increase should be expected from the unified PCN. It 78 particularly concerns the extreme values of the index. The 79 appearance of many new negative values is troubling. 80 [4] At the present time, there is no doubt that the polar 81 cap electrodynamics during the disturbed periods is com82 plicated and nonlinear. The transpolar part of the DP2 83 ionospheric current associated with the two-cell convection 84 system which determines the behavior of the PC index is 85 controlled by different factors, not only by the interplane86 tary merging electric field (MEF or Em). The second goal of 87 the Comment is to caution against a simplification of the PC 88 response to the MEF. T06 stated that the new ''indices 89 ensure the best linear correlation'' with MEF under con90 ditions of southward IMF (p. 10 of T06). They ignored the 91 fact that during magnetic storms, convection bays, SW JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 112, XXXXXX, doi:10.1029/2006JA011950, 2007 Click Here for Full Article


Many people find mathematical tasks difficult, to the point that they exhibit phobia or anxiety, or at least avoidance from engaging in any endeavour that could require mathematical reasoning. We have defined a construct mathematical resilience (Johnston-Wilder and Lee 2008) by which we mean a positive approach to mathematics that allows people to overcome any affective barriers presented when learning mathematics. In this paper, we discuss an action research project intended to develop the characteristics of mathematical resilience in pupils in one school and the ways in which using this construct can help overcome negative attitudes to mathematics and therefore aid learning.


The steady stress under static electric fields and the conduction current passing through the electro-rheological (ER) suspensions with cation exchange resin particles were investigated simultaneously as a function of the shear rate. The shear thinning behavior was found for a suspension with a higher viscosity of the continuous phase. Further, a remarkable dip behavior was found for a dilute ER suspension. The apparent conductivity, which was calculated from the conduction current, probed sensitively the corresponding behavior to the stress responses.


IntroductionKafka's (1993) "A Country Doctor," published in 1917, and Hedayat's (2008) "Three Drops of Blood," published in 1932, are among those narratives that lead the reader into a convoluted maze of symbols and significations which require an in-depth background of knowledge in a variety of fields. However, the two stories have numerous elements in common that force one to ponder if they follow the same pattern of thought and to try to resolve all the abstruseness through a specific theoretical/ideological design. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide the readers with a psychoanalytic reading of these two stories so as to shed light on their hidden corners, such dark spots that disclose the hidden aspects of the human mentality.The scope of the paper extends to world literature since it analyzes and then compares and contrasts one Austrian and one Iranian story. As Burt (2001, 224) states, it was in 1883 that Kafka was born and then raised in a Jewish middle-class household in Prague, and later he studied law. According to Katouzian (1991, 17), Hedayat was born in Tehran into a prosperous family in 1903. In 1926, he was sent to Europe to continue his academic studies; nevertheless, it is not clear what he studied there. Based on one account, he started studying dentistry, then turned to engineering, and finally gave up his studies before returning home (Katouzian 1991, 32).Recent trends in literature have led to a proliferation of studies that focus on comparative literature and tend to analyze works of literature put forth by writers of divergent nationalities. Nonetheless, there seems to be a gap in this respect concerning Iranian literature, particularly those that have been under the influence of towering figures of world literature. Hence, this paper tries to fill the academic gap regarding the work of the prominent Iranian author, Hedayat, who has been influenced by the Austrian writer, Kafka. As Rahimieh (2008, 129) claims, Hedayat's (Kafka 1977) "The Message of Kafka" [Payam-e Kafka] reveals that he practically had read Kafka's correspondence, works of fiction, and fragments. Consequently, this paper addresses Kafka's influence on Hedayat, focuses on this gap in comparative literature, and attempts to bring home to the readers the complexity of the authors' maze-like narratives.On rigorous scrutiny, however, it becomes apparent that the complexity of the two stories can be solved in the light of Freudian psychology, concepts of psychoanalytic approach, and precepts of surrealism in literature. Considering the aforementioned conceptions, the two narratives follow the framework of dreams instead of the reality, since they both occur in the unconscious world and focus specifically on the desires and urges of the major characters. As Friedlander (2013, 119) claims, Kafka in his personal correspondence has compared writing to "a sleep deeper than that of death." He also talks of powers that are "almost inaccessible under normal conditions," powers that "shape themselves into literature" (Friedlander 2013, 118). Therefore, the significance of the unconscious and the realm of dreams are embedded in his works.Freud's theory concerning the construction of the individual's psyche and its division into the conscious and the unconscious, and, in particular, the incorporation of the workings of the unconscious in the school of surrealism is the basic theoretical ground. Hall (1979, 54) maintains that Freud has further divided the psyche into the threefold id, ego, and superego, which sheds light on the deep layers of meaning in both narratives. Thus, first, the doubling of the storylines is discussed and then the triple construction of major characters is analyzed. Finally, the significance of dream-like quality of the stories is taken into account.In this paper, the framework of analysis of the two short stories would be based on a psychoanalytic approach, specifically Freudian psychoanalysis, that is, its emphasis on the dual construction of conscious and unconscious and the tripartite division of psyche into id, ego, and superego. …


Objective To investigate the emotional imagery method used in pediatric patients preoperative visits,in order to reduce the fear and anxiety in children surgery,increased the degree of the effect of intraoperative children.Methods Caudal anesthesia underwent surgery,100 cases of children(6 to 15 years old) were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,50 patients in the intervention group preoperative visit using emotional imagery law to intervene 15 ~ 30min;preoperative control group using traditional methods,preoperative stressed surgery.Comparison table of the application of children's degree of fear,anxiety,children's physiological indicators to monitor comparison table,with the degree of pediatric surgery comparison table for evaluation,in order to observe the intervention effect.Results Application of the emotional imagery act intervention,the intervention group children with fear,anxiety value,physiological index value decreased,little change in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01);with the rate in the intervention group and control group patients compared to the intervention group was significantly higher(P0.01).Conclusions Preoperative visits applied emotional imagery can reduce the fear and anxiety of the children with surgery;increase the cooperation of anesthesia and surgery.


The valvar ultrastructure of the diatom Gomphonema septum Mogh. was investigated with scanning electron microscopy and is discussed with regard to the taxonomic position of this species. Ultrastructural features include striae composed of double rows of puncta, presence of a narrow axial plate which is responsible for the image of longitudinal lines, and apical pore fields composed of pores dissimilar in appearance from the puncta. These and other ultrastructural characteristics point to a close relationship between G. septum and members of the genus Gomphoneis. A transfer of Gomphonema septum to Gomphoneis is proposed. Information supplemental to previous observations on the size range and variability of this species is presented.


Porous graphitic carbon nitride (pg-C3N4) was synthesized via a facile one-step dicyandiamide (DCDA) high-temperature calcination method using heat-labile ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as the gaseous template, and different pg-C3N4 materials were obtained by mixing various mass ratios of NH4HCO3 into DCDA. The micro-structures and -morphologies of the porous materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively, and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was tested under visible-light irradiation. It is found that the thermal decomposition of NH4HCO3 promoted destruction of the layer-structured g-C3N4 and increment of the specific surface area, producing more porous structures on the material surfaces, which is considered to be vital for the improvement of photocatalytic performance. Compared with the photocatalyst calcined by pure DCDA, the pg-C3N4 photocatalysts obtained by mixing the two raw materials performed better on MB dye degradation. Moreover, photocatalytic efficiency of the catalysts improved significantly with increasing NH4HCO3 contents in the raw materials. The degradation rate photocatalyzed by pg-C3N4 materials can reach more than 90% within 1.5 h, 6.5 times higher than that of the control material. It comes up to 99% at 2 h, basically achieving the complete degradation and decolorization of MB dye.


It will not have escaped the notice of the readership of Journal of Learning Disabilities that we have changed our title to Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. Within the UK use of the term 'learning disability' is still relatively new and is used to describe that group of people who have significant developmental delay resulting in arrested or incomplete achievements of the 'normal' milestones of human development. The term learning disabilities is also used throughout the world but it holds different meanings to that of the UK. It is this difference in meaning that has for some time caused confusion to our ever increasing numbers of international submitting authors. This has prompted me, members of the editorial board and the international advisory board, along with our publishers, to consider changing the title of our journal so as to lend it more international currency in meaning. Problematic has been to what should we change our journal title to? Elsewhere in the world alternative terms to define a learning disability are used such as mental retardation and mental handicap, but these terms are felt by many to portray and sustain negative imagery in respect of this group. As has already been alluded to, the editor has for some time, and on numerous occasions, been approached by contributors with a sustained argument to change the title of this journal. On the one hand it clearly makes sense to use a title that has currency amongst its readership and submitting authors, but on the other we did not simply wish to change our title and possibly compromise the aims, scope and very distinctive nature of this journal by causing further confusion. Therefore changing the name of our journal has been fraught with a degree of hesitancy on my part. This is because I wished the journal to have a title that had international meaning, but did not wish to further marginalize people with learning disability by adopting a title that might be seen by some as e d i to r i a l


In this study, which aims to examine the ways in which university students with different substance use tendencies express their feelings in terms of various variables, the negative affect score average of the participants with high substance use tendency is significantly higher than the negative affect point average of the participants with low substance use tendency. While the positive emotion scores of university students did not differ based on their possible previous psychiatric illness, a significant difference was found between negative emotion scores. According to the perceived parental attitudes, there was no significant difference between the positive emotion score averages of the university students; however, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of negative emotions. A significant difference was found between positive and negative emotion scores about the students' self-identification. While there was a significant difference between the positive emotion scores according to the perceived academic achievement level of the students, there was no significant difference between negative emotion scores. As to their smoking habits, there was no difference between the positive emotions of the participants; however, the joint effect of the level of substance use tendency and smoking on negative emotion scores is significant.


Abstract Endometriosis is a common condition that affects reproductive-aged women and is characterized by the presence of endo-metrial tissue outside the uterine cavity with nodules and lesions. The study aimed to analyze lifestyles of women affected by endometriosis in relation with their symptoms. In this observational study, 735 Italian women have been interviewed online through a questionnaire structured in two parts. The first part was mainly anamnestic, focused on gathering information about the age, the stage of disease, comorbidities, involved organs, symptomatology, chirurgical treatment, induced menopause. The second part focused on the individual characteristics and lifestyle of the patients such as the body mass index, physical activity, quality of sleep, and the diet. The results showed how a healthy diet and a regular physical activity reduce drastically the symptoms of the patients.


We mapped flow velocity and calving rates of the iconic Perito Moreno Glacier (PMG), belonging to the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPI) in the Argentinian Patagonia. We tracked PMG from 2001 to 2017, focusing mostly upon the latest images from 2016–2017. PMG delivers about ca. 106 m3 day−1 of ice in the Lago Argentino, and its front periodically reaches the Peninsula Magallanes. Therein, the PMG causes an ice-dam, clogging Brazo Rico channel, and lifting water level by about 10 m, until ice-dam failure, normally occurring in March. Here, we used 36 pairs of satellite images with a resolution of 10 m (SENTINEL2, visible, 9 pairs of images) and 15 m (LANDSAT imagery, panchromatic, 27 pairs of images) to calculate surface velocity (VS). We used Orientation Correlation technique, implemented via the ImGRAFT® TemplateMatch tool. Calving rates were then calculated with two methods, namely, (i) M1, by ice flow through the glacier front, and (ii) M2, by ice flow at 7.5 km upstream of the front minus ablation losses. Surface velocity ranged from about 4 m day−1 in the accumulation area to about 2 m day−1 in the calving front, but it is variable seasonally with maxima in the summer (December–January–February). Calving rate (CRM) ranges from 7.72 × 105 ± 32% to 8.76 × 105 ± 31% m3 day−1, in line with recent studies, also with maxima in the summer. We found slightly lower flow velocity and calving rates than previously published values, but our estimates cover a different period, and a generally large uncertainty in flow assessment suggests a recent overall stability of the glacier.


Background. A unique way of determining patterns of parent–offspring transmission of risk to affective disorders is to focus on aggregation within sibling pairs. We attempt to extend our previous finding that sibling aggregation is notable for anxiety disorders in a 10-year follow-up of siblings at high and low risk for depression, by virtue of parental diagnosis. Methods. The sample, which included 173 unique sibling pairs in the high risk cohort, and 83 pairs in the low risk cohort, had been assessed using semi-structured clinical interviews three times over a 10-year period, spanning from childhood to adulthood. Sibling aggregation was quantified using pairwise odds ratios. Results. Sibling aggregation in the high risk cohort was greater than aggregation in the low risk cohort for anxiety disorders, especially those that emerged in childhood, and later co-morbid disorders, especially major depressive disorder and suicide attempts. Conclusions. Familial liability to affective disorders may be reflected most strongly by a developmental sequence of anxiety disorders in childhood followed by later depressive and suicidal behaviour in adolescence and adulthood.


According to the measured pressure of formation,hydrochemistry data from more than 2 000 wells in oilfield,and the paleao-pressure from 149 fluid inclusion thermodynamics modeling in Dongying depression,the mass balance relation of cation and anion was calculated to study the water-rock interaction.Based on these,the generation process of the formation water and its relation to the pressure evolution and oil preservation conditions were analyzed.The results show that in the vertical,the formation water salinity is lower than 100 g/L in the normal pressure system(from Es2 to Qp) with the depth above 2.2 km,and the formation water belongs to salt water.The formation water salinity is higher than 100 g/L and the highest value is 336 g/L in the overpressure system(Es4 and Es3) with the depth under 2.2 km,and the formation water belongs to saline.In the plane,the formation water salinity in the east of Dongying depression is higher than that in the west,and the salinity in the north is higher than that in the south.The high salinity formation water in Es2 and Es3 distributes along the fault zones of depression center.The formation water salinity in Es4 reduces from the center of north depression to the outside,exhibiting zonal distribution.For the coupling relation between hydrochemical field and overpressure system,water-rock interaction in overpressure fluid compartment has a signification impact on forming high salinity CaCl2 formation water in the center depression.The forming of high salinity formation water was influenced by the salt dissolution of evaporite formation in Es4.The density from different member and area is different.The depression edge normal pressure zone is an open hydro-geological system.The formation water salinity is reduced by infiltration of surface water.The oil light components are lost and oil density increases.The oil preservation conditions of the zone are poor,but the top and inside of overpressure system in the center of depression is a closed hydro-geological system.Most of oil density is lower than 0.9 g/cm3,and the oil and gas preservation conditions are good.


Four new producing wells were drilled in the Accident gas field in Garrett County, Maryland. Eight new producing wells were completed in southwestern Virginia, located in Buchanan, Dickenson, and Wise counties. There was no drilling in the old Rose Hill oil field of Lee County, Virginia. Eleven oil tests were drilled on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, all of which were dry.


Gene assembly is a natural process of genome re-arrangement that occurs during sexual reproduction of unicellular organisms called ciliates. Two computational models adapting this process of gene assembly have been proposed: the intramolecular, e.g. (Ehrenfeucht et al., 2004, Computation in Living Cells: Gene Assembly in Ciliates), and the intermolecular model, e.g. (Landweber and Kari, 2001, Evolution as Computation). A context sensitive version of the intramolecular model introduced by Ishdorj and Petre (2007, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Unconventional Computation) was shown to be computationally universal and efficient for solving NP-complete problems. In this article we show that within this model PSPACE-complete problems can also be solved in linear time.


The invention discloses a tightness detecting device for a combined cover. The tightness detecting device comprises an upper clamp and a lower clamp. The lower clamp comprises a detecting cabin matched with the profile of a to-be-detected combined cover. The upper clamp comprises a cover body matched with the profile of the detecting cabin, wherein the detecting cabin is provided with a sealing rubber gasket inside. The center of the sealing rubber gasket is provided with a water outlet hole. The water outlet hole is communicated with a water inlet of the external pressure testing water at the bottom of the detecting cabin. The opening end of the to-be-detected combined cover is tightly sealed and installed on the sealing rubber gasket by the closing of the upper clamp and the lower clamp. The tightness of the to-be-detected combined cover is detected by filling the external pressure testing water in the cavity of the to-be-detected combined cover by the water outlet hole. Compared with the prior art, the tightness detecting device for the combined cover disclosed by the invention has the advantages of a small structure, convenient operation, capabilities of detecting tightness of bottle covers and other products at any time, improving the yield of products, greatly improving the working efficiency, saving labor and material and reducing production cost.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) needing mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU) In addition to lung disease, clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 include myocardial damage and ischemia-related vascular disease, which are associated with a hypercoagulable state (e.g., high D-dimer levels) predisposing to thrombotic-related complications and eventually death. 1 – 3 Serum albumin levels < 3.5 g/dL are detect-able in SARS-CoV-2 patients and associated with death 4 and elevated D-dimer and thrombotic events, which is in accor-dance an association between serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL and risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. we tested the hypothesis that albumin supplementation


Anthonomus petrus Soto-Hernández n. sp. is described based on specimens collected from Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico (Chiapas, Michoacán and Zacatecas); it is associated with Heliocarpus and Triunffeta (Malvales: Tiliaceae). The species can be easily recognized by the following diagnostic characters: rostrum in both sexes with distinct, elongate scales present beyond point of antennal insertion; body elongate-oval, length 2.1-2.8 mm, body and rostrum with uniform vestiture of elongate, ochreous scales; rostrum toward apex slightly expanded; scape longer than funicle and club combined; scutellum convex and triangular.


Clay are complex minerals with a multiscale porosity and a remarkable ability to swell under humid atmosphere. These materials have many applications in catalysis, waste management, construction industry... However, the properties of confined water are still not fully understood, due in particular to the complexity of water itself. The aim of this work is, using mainly molecular simulations and vibrational spectroscopy, to understand the structure and the dynamics of water confined in clay minerals. To evaluate the accuracy of numerical models to describe water confined in clay minerals, and to understand the origin of its structural and dynamical properties, a large part of the work was devoted to the building blocks of clays: pure bulk water, water at the surface of a solid, and salt water. To this extent, the viscoelastic properties of water from the deeply supercooled regime to the boiling temperature were investigated using classical molecular dynamics. The evolution of the friction properties of water on a prototypical solid surface was also analyzed, and the accuracy of ab initio approaches and empirical salt models was studied.In a second part, those results were confronted to the properties of water confined in clay minerals at low and room temperature, studied both experimentally and numerically. Experimental work consisted mostly in extensive far- and -mid infrared absorption spectrometry measurements, whereas numerical work mainly consisted in empirical molecular dynamics simulations. Especially, the existence of confinement- or temperature-induced phase transitions of confined water was investigated


Summary A pot-lysimeter experiment was designed to assess the N requirements of 'Fuji'/M.9 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees fertilized by drip irrigation with three N rates during 2.5 growing seasons (July 1996 to October 1998). Nitrogen rates of 17 (low), 34 (medium), and 67 mg l–1 (high) were chosen for comparison. Low, medium, and high N rates averaged 0.47, 0.89, and 2.18.g N tree–1 for 1996; 1.07, 2.35, and 4.90 g N tree–1 for 1997; 3.81, 6.93, and 13.69 g N tree–1 for 1998. Corresponding N accumulation was 0.37, 0.44, and 0.37 g N tree–1 for 1996; 0.74, 0.82, and 1.00 g N tree for 1997; 2.93, 3.99, and 2.62 g N tree–1 for 1998. Dry mass increased by 360, 442, and 256 g tree–1, respectively. Soil inorganic N concentration increased with N rate, and considerable N was accumulated for soils receiving 67 mg N l–1 . Average N uptake ef®ciency decreased with increasing N rates. However, uptake ef®ciencies of P and K were highest at 34 mg N l–1. Overall, trees receiving 67 mg N l–1 had signi®cantly smaller trunk cross-sectional areas below and above the graft union, tree height, numbers of leaves and ¯oral buds, and total leaf areas than the trees receiving the lower N rates. Trees receiving 34 mg N l–1 had greater dry mass, contents of N, P and K, and numbers of ¯oral buds and shoots than trees receiving 17 mg N l–1. Based on tree vigour, budgets for N, P, and K and soil N status, N concentration of 34 mg l–1 would be adequate for high-density maiden apple trees under the drip-irrigation level of –50 kPa of soil water potential, without over-fertilizing and excessive growth.


An investigation was made of the dynamic behavior of magnetic bubble domains in a YBiCaSiFe garnet film with a low value of the dissipation parameter α. High-speed photography was used to determine the dependences V(H d ) of the bubble translation velocity on the amplitude of the drive field pulses acting on the bubbles in the following states: 1) with one negative vertical Bloch line and one such liner with a Bloch point; 2) with two vertical Bloch lines, each with one Bloch point; 3) without vertical Bloch lines (chiral bubbles). Measurements were carried out in the presence of a static planar field H p


Before the laws of mark well-known in Indonesia, the Indonesian people were happy to participate their creativity in being invited by others, feeling proud of the copyrighted work was finally followed by many people, but following the development of the era as it is now imitating other people's work is used as business object and profitable itself, so that in accordance with its development the owner is considered disadvantaged by the act of imitating his work because it involves business interests and/or profit and gain. Research is a basic tool in the development of science and technology. This research aims to reveal the truth systematically, methodologically, and consistently through the process of research analysis and construction of data that has been collected and processed. The problem in this research is the problem of protection of registered mark owners in Indonesia. The result of this research is mark rights are an important part of marks, therefore mark rights are privileges for their owners, brands are important in the marketing and advertising world, and therefore specifically related to the deadline for protection of registered marks for 10 years, the time limit which is deemed short can be extended, the replacement in accordance with the registered mark is actually used in goods/services and they needed and/or sold and is still on the market and is still distributed.


Aside from exploring the ontology of anomalous abilities and experiences through the study of parapsychology, the recent re-emergence of clinical parapsychology has allowed researchers to explore the impact of anomalous events on those who encounter them, through spontaneous cases investigation methods, or via the counselling and therapy setting. From this new avenue of research outlook, and reflecting on laboratory experiments of psychic phenomena, links can clearly be made to positive psychology with how people face and perceive anomalous events. Various positive gains have been identified as being fostered as a result of anomalous experiences, which help with personal growth, resilience and coping, especially in the case of bereavement and related phenomena encountered in such stages of life. This paper will briefly consider the findings of such studies and the increasing relationship between parapsychology and positive psychology.


The physical property of ShiNan 31 Well reservoir is complex,and it is a complex lithology sandstone reservoir which has the high level and high starting point exploratory development.Now,it faces with faster rising water cut stage in the partial block and when the flowing wells turn to pumping wells.In order to improve the development efficiency effectively,it designed partial adjustment programs applying numerical simulation methods and compare the most preferred a reasonable partial adjustment programs.


Now days, water expenditure in households has increased due to the improper use of water in various activities such as: gardening, car washing or household cleaning. This causes water scarcity and an increase in household economic expenditure. In order to deal with this problem, a mathematical model was established, in which the amount of water collected during the year is calculated in order to carry out all the aforementioned activities, in which variables such as catchment area, Rainfall, expenditure on a house-room and the size of the tank. The calculations were made for a houseroom made up of five people, which gave us an expense of 600 liters per day (120 liters per person), liters of water distributed as follows: 240 WC, 120 shower, 60 clothes, 30 kitchen and 150 irrigation.


It is well known that chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) pads play a dominant role in the overall performance of the polishing process. It is critical to have a fundamental understanding of the impact of the change in the pad mechanical properties on the CMP performance. The stabilization of material removal rates and planarization efficiency (PE) are demonstrated by modification of pad mechanical properties such as storage modulus. For all the pads, removal rate and PE values are compared between wafers polished for a longer time (90 seconds) versus shorter time (15 seconds). It is concluded that for longer polish time, higher removal rate and lower PE results from a drop in the storage modulus. This decrease in the storage modulus is a consequence of an increase in the polish temperature with time. Results indicate that by minimizing the change in storage modulus with temperature, the impact of longer polish time on CMP performance can be minimized. © The Author(s) 2019. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: email@example.com. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0121905jss]


We use the virtual boundary technique in the context of Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent flows around cylinders. This approach allows the imposition of a no-slip boundary condition within the flow field by a feedback unsteady forcing term added to the momentum equation. The Navier-Stokes equations are solved using an accurate compact finite difference code. A spatial filtering procedure compatible with the numerical method is used to control small scale oscillations around the cylinder due to the imposition of the no-slip condition in a non-dissipative numerical code. In this paper, we consider the flow around a single cylinder with upstream conditions corresponding to a constant velocity flow or to a mixing layer flow. In the first case, common features of the cylinder wake like three-dimensional vortex shedding are recovered showing the ability of the virtual boundary technique to take complex obstacles into account realistically using a simple Cartesian grid along with accurate finite difference method. The second case corresponds to the interaction between a mixing layer and two wakes. This truly three-dimensional flow (without any homogeneous direction) shows a high distortion of the spatial development of the mixing layer, with strong upward and downward streams, respectively, in front and behind the cylinder. Vortical structures are more organized in the low-speed wake, while intense interactions between the high-speed wake and the vertical downstream velocity are observed. Main statistical results are in good agreement with experimental information.


BACKGROUND S tudies have identified a positive correlation between occupational stress and presenteeism, and research suggests that employer-directed stress-reduction interventions are needed to decrease the burden of stress-related presenteeism among their employees. Yet, no studies to date have sought to identify which stress reduction interventions are of greatest interest to hospital employees. We sought to measure stress levels of Kansas hospital employees, how this reported stress affects workplace presenteeism, and which stress reduction interventions were of greatest interest to these employees.


Abstract This keynote address by the 2010 John F. Schnabel award winners discusses the emotional rhythms of teaching for the first time. Examining new instructors' self-reflections about teaching, the authors identify three phases of the emotional trajectory experienced by most instructors. It begins with the unnerving combination of anticipation, enthusiasm, and anxiety; transitions to an emotional dip in which the reduced emotional turmoil in the classroom is accompanied by predictability; and finally moves to resurgence and reconciliation. The authors rely on new instructors' comments to illustrate each stage of the trajectory and the different mechanisms that instructors use to reach this final phase. The authors conclude by reflecting on these reflections and offering suggestions that can transform the experiences of new instructors.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution community music has made and can make to cultural education in the United States, both in its own right and in the context of education as a whole. The paper gives a bird's-eye view of the historical highlights of community music-making activity in various parts of the country, particularly outlining the types of activity prevalent within the southeast of the country. Finally, some thoughts are presented regarding the collaboration (or lack thereof) between formal music education in the schools and community musicmaking, concluding that community music and music education could benefit from closer cooperation.


Contemporary radical changes in the European geographical setting, combined with the consolidation of the globalised international market have resulted in a totally competitive international business environment. Nowadays, as in almost all countries, the Greek enterprises have to operate with a new perspective, based on strategic alliances. These business strategies should be implemented on at least a middle-term basis. This article explains the necessity for adopting these operative techniques in light of the limited presence of the Greek enterprises in the international market. Furthermore, it analyses a sufficient model of cooperative operation, which gives to the enterprises - mainly the small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - the ability of adapting to the international market.


Just as the responsibility of raising children is lifting, many families face a new challenge— providing care to aging parents, relatives or friends. In 2002, over 1.7 million adults aged 45 to 64 provided informal care to almost 2.3 million seniors with long-term disabilities or physical limitations (Stobert and Cranswick 2004). While seniors receive some help from formal sources such as agencies, organizations or paid individuals, almost three-quarters of the hours spent assisting them are provided by a network of family and friends (Lafreniere et al. 2003). This informal support system may be sufficient to delay their entry into care institutions. Most informal providers of elder care are also in the labour market. In 2002, 70% of caregivers aged 45 to 64 were employed. 1 Many of these were women, who traditionally have provided much of the caregiving in our society. With the employment rate for women increasing substantially in the past two decades (from 44% in 1985 to 64% in 2005 for women aged 45 to 64) and concerns about labour shortages in the future, it is looking more likely that many men and women in this age group, particularly the upper end, will be pulled in two directions. The expectation may be not only to continue working, but also to act as caregiver for extended periods as life expectancy increases. At the same time, combining a heavy workload, family support and day-to-day tasks may lead to fatigue or quitting a job earlier than expected (Pitrou 2005).