Objective To explore the characterization of the long-term survival patients through monitoring the lymphoeytes subgroup and cytokines level.Method The lymphocytes subgroups (T,B,and NK) and cytokines (IL-9,-17,-22) of patients and healthy groups were tested by using flow cytometry and ELISA.Results The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD8+ CD28+/CD8+ and IL-9 were gradually increased in the short-term group and long-term group as compared those in healthy group.The percentage of CD3 + cells and level of IL-9 were significantly lower in short-term group and long-term group than in healthy group (P<0.05).The percentage of CD8+ cell was significantly lower in short-term group than in healthy group (P<0.05).The ratio of CD8+ CD28+/CD8+ was significantly lower in short-term group than in longterm group and healthy group (P<0.05).The percentage of B cells and NK cells,and IL-22 were gradually increased in the healthy group,shortterm group and long-term group.The percentage of B cells and NK cells was significamly higher in long-term group than in healthy group (P<0.05).The level of IL-22 was significantly higher in longterm group than in short-term group and healthy group (P<0.05).However,NKT lymnphocytes and IL-17 showed no statistically significant difference between long-term group and short-term group.Conclusion The ratio of T lymphocyte subgroups and the level of IL-9 were good biomarkers for evaluating the immune characterization of OLT patients; NK and B lymphocytes,and IL-22 may be associated with the long-term survival in patients after OLT.

Key words:
Liver transplantation;  Lymphocyte;  Cytokines;  Immune tolerance


In this paper, we study a novel approach for the estimation of quantiles when facing potential right censoring of the responses. Contrary to the existing literature on the subject, the adopted strategy of this paper is to tackle censoring at the very level of the loss function usually employed for the computation of quantiles, the so-called "check" function. For interpretation purposes, a simple comparison with the latter reveals how censoring is accounted for in the newly proposed loss function. Subsequently, when considering the inclusion of covariates for conditional quantile estimation, by defining a new general loss function, the proposed methodology opens the gate to numerous parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric modelling techniques. In order to illustrate this statement, we consider the well-studied linear regression under the usual assumption of conditional independence between the true response and the censoring variable. For practical minimization of the studied loss function, we also provide a simple algorithmic procedure shown to yield satisfactory results for the proposed estimator with respect to the existing literature in an extensive simulation study. From a more theoretical prospect, consistency of the estimator for linear regression is obtained using very recent results on non-smooth semiparametric estimation equations with an infinite-dimensional nuisance parameter, while numerical examples illustrate the adequateness of a simple bootstrap procedure for inferential purposes. Lastly, an application to a real dataset is used to further illustrate the validity and finite sample performance of the proposed estimator.


WHO mentions that anemia is the 10 biggest health problems at this time. One of the groups at high risk of suffering from anemia are school-age children and adolescents. Lack of one nutrient can cause a disease in the form of a deficiency disease. In adolescents, iron deficiency can reduce work performance and learning achievement in addition to decreased body resistance to infectious diseases.Knowledge about anemia is important in preventing adolescent girls from having normal hemoglobin levels. If the knowledge of adolescent girls about anemia is good, it is hoped that will not experience anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge about anemia and hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. The study was carried out at SMPN 14 Jambi City, and used an analytical research design. The research population was adolescent girls, with 30 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire and a hemoglobin measurement tool, as well as an informed consent sheet and a permit signed by the parents. The data collected were analyzed by univariate and bivariate.The results of this study showed that 30 respondents, most of the adolescent girls have good knowledge, namely 26 people (86.7%), and 29 people who do not have anemia (96.7%). The results of the bivariate test showed that there was no relationship between knowledge about anemia and hemoglobin levels p-value = 0.867. Furthermore, it is necessary for adolescent girls to check their hemoglobin levels regularly as an effort to determine their health status


The aim of the small angle generator project was to develop and commission a small angle measurement facility to provide a traceable measurement service of angles over a range of 60 seconds of arc with an uncertainty of +/- 0.01 second of arc. The small angle generator was designed, built and installed at NPL by Renishaw Plc. This document is the final traceability report that forms part of WP4 of the small angle generator project. It describes work at NPL to verify the encoder system against calibrated angle standards. It covers the use of the standards to calibrate the encoder and the calibration of the standards themselves. The use of the standards with the calibrated system is also described and the report also summaries the main achievements of the project. This document demonstrates that the target specification has been met.


Many people are unwilling to consider that com puters may, at some time, be able to think, and even, become sentient. The human mind, they would argue, is essentially these qualities: it is what gives us consciousness, separates us from animals (presum ably), other beings, and inanimate objects, allows us to exercise freewill and judgement, and is at the heart of, perhaps, our most treasured attributes insight, inspiration, intuition, and creativity. It is separate from the mechanical processes of our bodies which can be simulated by machines. No matter how efficient a computer becomes at solving problems, it will always be no more than a machine because it has no understanding of what it is doing. This mind body dualism promulgated by Descartes (15961650) suggests there is a distinction between the mechanical process of problem solving a physical event which is "extended" and understanding which is a property of the "unextended" mind. He


This research found that sports betting advertising was influencing young people's gambling attitudes, knowledge and behaviours. While this research contributed to a ban of gambling advertisements during live sport, further regulations and education strategies are needed to ensure young people are protected from the potential harms associated with gambling.


Autotransplantation, or autogenous tooth transplantation, is a feasible and economical treatment modality in replacing unrestorable, hopeless or missing tooth when a suitable donor tooth is available. This paper presents a successful case of bilateral autotransplantations from mandibular third molars to bilateral maxillary second molars. Five-year after treatment, the clinical and radiographic examinations of the transplanted teeth revealed satisfactory and stable outcome, with no pathologic change endodontically or periodontically. It is concluded that optimal selection of donor tooth and recipient site results in successful autotransplantation and may be considered as a treatment alternative to conventional or implant prosthetic rehabilitation.


During the transmission some unwanted signals are added so that image pixels are distorted these distorted pixel values are known as noisy pixels there are many noise are present in the atmosphere like salt and pepper noise, impulse noise, Gaussian Noise etc. These Noisy pixels are remove noise in different type of algorithm like median filter, adaptive median filter, weighted median filter for remove the pepper and salt noise .These filters are using for recover pixels without destroy the image quality. Non linear digital filter is a best soluti on for remove the salt and pepper noise from the image. The use of median filter is that for remove noisy signal and unwanted signal without damaging any corner of the image .Median filter is working for low densities because at higher the image will be blurred and damage. Corrupted filters will be accepted and Median filter are suitable for low noise margin but it's not suitable for higher Noise Margin. Median filter is using for conditioner scheme for alert the intensity removal the noisy signal from image then the result between the corrupted and uncorrupted pixels will be prior for applying nonlinear filtering at highly desirables i n image. The process of adaptive median filter is to identify the noisy pixels replace by using the median filters where remaining should be unchanged. In adaptive median filter using only for removal of pixels at low level. Adaptive median filter is providing the large window size at high level noise it is not to fit the pixels . you can a lso say decision based and switching system . A (WMF)weighted median filter is best for high noise level.


Objective:To elucidate the gene expression profile in normal gallbladder tissue.Method:A cDNA array representing17000cDNA clusters was used to hybridize with cDNA of2normal gallbladder tissues specimens,and the average expression abundance was adopted to analyse the gene expression profile of normal gallbladder tissue.Results:There were a total of11047genes expressed in the normal gallbladder,and the first10highly expressed genes were related to the function of smooth muscle contraction and materials transport.In the first200highly expressed genes,those related to ion channel and prorein transport,protein translation and synthesis,and development were listed in the top3positions.The top3chromosomes were12,2and21respetively when all the gene expression profile was elucidated.In the meanwhile,21gallstone candidate susceptibility genes were expressed in the normal gallbladder,most of them were lipid metabolism related genes.Inaddition,another2genes:NPC1L1and SLC17A2,were found peculiarly expressed in the normal gallbladder.Conclusion:The genes highly expressed in the normal gallbladder might be related to gallbladder contraction and bile concentration;and the gallbladder takes part in both the digestion and lipid homeostasis.


An online carbon emission accounting method based on B/S structure for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group is proposed. Firstly, the carbon emission accounting method for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group is expounded, which is the basis of carbon emission accounting for coal mines. Secondly, an online accounting path of carbon emission for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group is proposed: The traditional top-down standalone accounting process of "carbon emission data acquisition, carbon emission calculation, carbon emission publication" is replaced by the bottom-up online accounting process of "carbon emission accounting tasks assignment, carbon emission data submission, carbon emission data audit, carbon emission calculation, carbon emission view", and the manual table lookup is replaced by system automatic table lookup to realize online calculation of carbon emissions. Then, taking Sql server as the database management system, ASP, C# as the development language, Dreamweaver, Visual Studio as the development platform, an online carbon emission accounting system based on B/S structure for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group is designed, which realizes online carbon emission accounting for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group. Finally, the application analysis results show that the method proposed in this paper can not only significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of carbon emission accounting for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group, but also realize online sharing and comparison of accounting results, which is conducive for the Coal Industry Group to implement targeted monitoring and improvement of carbon emissions for coal mines owned by the Coal Industry Group.


Continuing the summary begun in the preceding issue, the professor of English at The Citadel evaluates the contribution made to the history and criticism of journalism by the novelists most important for their interest in the press.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject bisphenol compound having a low coloration degree by allowing phenol to reacting with an aliphatic aldehyde or the like in the presence of a strong acidic cation exchange resin and a weak basic anion exchange resin. CONSTITUTION: This method for producing a highly pure bisphenol compound comprises allowing phenol to react with an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone (preferably a 1-4C ketone, especially acetone or methyl ethyl ketone) in the presence of a hydrogen type strong cation exchange resin in a catalytic amount, preferably 10-200 wt.% based on the total liquid weight, and a weak basic anion exchange resin (preferably one having a weak base functional level of 2-6 milliequivalent per g of the dry resin) in an amount of 0.5-15 wt.%, preferably 1-10 wt.%, based on the cation exchange resin. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


We analyse incentive problems in collective production environments where contributors are compensated according to their observed and ranked efforts. This provides incentives to the contributors to choose first best efforts.


SUMMARY The first cognitive clinic in Hong Kong was started in May 1993. This paper described the characteristics of the first 31 clients and the interventions by the clinic. The diagnosis is based on DSM III R. More female than male attended the clinic (1.6.1) and the female were older in age (80:76.3). Many of the clients came from old age homes in Sai Kung area but 2046 were either referred by the relatives or self referred. Poor memory was the major presenting symptom in the clinic. 26% of the patients were diagnosed to be suffering from dementia and Alzheimer's disease was the predominant disease among the demented patients seen. 299% of patients were either diagnosed as borderline dementia or benign senescent forgetfulness. Another important group included affective disorder (2996). Many patients had co-morbid medical conditions. Satisfaction with the services was highly regarded by carers despite the lack of clinical improvement in many frail elderly. Keywords: cognitive clinic, Haven of Hope Hospital, multidisciplinary assessment INTRODUCTION Cognitive Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease are conditions of major significance in the elderly of industrially advanced countries. Hong Kong is beginning to face a similar problem by virtue of her graying population. While 9% of our population is at present aged 65 and above, 11.5% will be expected at 2001 (Census and Statistics Department). Although earlier reports indicated Alzheimer's Disease and dementia were relatively uncommon in the Chinese, reliable epidemiological database constructed upon a bi-national survey in Shanghai in 1989 established rates of cognitive impairment in 66 years and above to be 6.99% for severe cases and 19.9% for mild cases. The Chinese female rate for cognitive Impairment was about 3 times as high as those reported in the Yale-New Haven study for the same age group (Liu et al, 1993). Medical clinics specifically for dementia have existed in the United States of America United Kingdom and Australia. The objects of these memory clinics are four-fold (Frarer, 1992); (1) To forestall deterioration In dementia by means of early diagnosis and treatment. (2) To identify and treat any disorders other than dementia which might be causing memory impairment it (3) To evaluate new therapeutic agents in the treatment of early dementia. (4) To reassure those who are worried that they are losing their memory, when, in fact no morbid deficits are found; and to provide rarer support. Since May, 1993 and for the first time in Hong Kong, a cognitive clinic has been operating at Haven of Hope Hospital, collaboratively by the Kwai Chung Psycho-geriatric Team and the Geriatric Assessment and Rehab-ilitation Unit of Haven of Hope Hospital (HOHH). This paper describes: the operation of such a clinic in Hong Kong, the demography and clinical characteristics of the first 31 clients assessed from May 1993 to March, 1994, the interventions provided by the clinic and discussion on some findings on the clients. OPERATION OF THE CLINIC The clinic is operated once per month, on the first Thursday of each month. The clinic smarts with a client interview and examination by the geriatric team with a geriatrician and a geriatric nurse at HOHH at 9:00 am. Attention is paid to comorbid physical illnesses and review of medications, and soliciting a brief account of the cognitive complaint The Kwai Chung Psychogeriatric Team arrives at HOHH at 10:00 am. The clinical condition of the cases are discussed between the two teams. The psychogeriatrician then performs a detailed psychiatric assessment and ascertain further clinical and psychosocial information from the accompanying carer. Instruments for cognitive assessment in the clinic Include the Mini-Mental State Examination and Silver's test. At the end of the assessment, a consensus diagnosis on the mental (according to DSM IIIR) and physical condition is made and a joint management plan is formulated. …


The magnetoresistance (MR) in the in-plane resistivity is measured in magnetic fields up to 55 T in lightly doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ in the N\'eel state $(x=0.01)$ and in the spin-glass state $(x=0.03)$ using high-quality untwinned single crystals. In both cases, a large negative MR is observed to appear when the magnetic order is established. For $x=0.01$, it is found that the MR is indicative of a one-step transition into a high-field weak-ferromagnetic state at around 20 T when the magnetic field is applied from the spin easy axis ($b$ axis), which means that there is no spin-flop transition in the N\'eel state of this material; this is contrary to a previous report, but is natural in light of the peculiar in-plane magnetic susceptibility anisotropy recently found in this system. In the spin-glass state, we observe that the large (up to $\ensuremath{\sim}20%$) negative MR saturates at around 40 T, and this MR is found to be essentially isotropic when the magnetic field is rotated within the ab plane. Our data show that the large negative MR is inherent to LSCO in a magnetically ordered state, in which the weak-ferromagnetic (WF) moment becomes well-defined; we discuss that the observed MR is essentially due to the reorientation of the WF moments towards the magnetic field direction both in the N\'eel state and in the spin-glass state.


Diffusion MRI is a well established imaging modality providing a powerful and innovative way to non-invasively probe the structure of the white matter. Despite the potential of the technique, the intrinsic long scan times of these sequences have hampered their use in clinical practice. For this reason, a wide variety of methods have been proposed recently with the aim to shorten acquisition times. Among them, spherical deconvolution approaches have gained a lot of interest for their ability to reliably recover the intra-voxel fiber configuration with a relatively small number of data samples. To overcome the intrinsic instabilities in solving the deconvolution problem, these methods make use of regularization schemes generally based on the assumption that the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) to be recovered is sparse, either explicitly or implicitly. In particular, convex optimization methods have recently been advocated in a compressed sensing perspective for FOD reconstruction from accelerated acquisitions. In this paper, we propose to exploit further the versatility of this powerful framework with the aim to exploit sparsity more optimally. We define a new convex minimization problem for FOD reconstruction through a constrained formulation between sparsity prior and data, also making use of a reweighting scheme. The method has been tested on both synthetic and real data. Experimental results indicate that this approach provides more robust and accurate estimates than the state of the art in terms of both the number and orientation of fiber compartments in each voxel.


Neural network prediction model,which reflects the relationship between compounding agent of inner material of water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing and physicochemical property,is established by using BP algorithm.Uniform design method is applied to design training samples and matlab is used to simulate the model.With different compounding agent content,physicochemical property of inner material of water-lubricated rubber alloy bearing is tested.The results show that this model can effectively reflect the influence relation of compounding agent content on physicochemical property.


• Two surveys to assess the implementation of national antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) toolkits in England were carried out in 2014. • 48% of Acute NHS Trusts and 13% of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs) had an action plan for the implementation of the national AMS toolkits. • Implementation of these toolkits and the recommended audit programme can be used as evidence for meeting criterion 9 of the Code of Practice on prevention and control of infections.


For the system engineers to prevent blackouts, the concept of Wide Area has become the only philosophy. Interestingly, WAMPAC systems can allow engineers to take corrective steps to avert Blackouts by giving the necessary data. The Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) will offer this data. This would allow them to examine the system in its entirety and at an inexpensive cost. Different limitations apply to the PMU installation procedure. An Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) strategy is suggested here to obtain the minimal set of PMUs for the Complete Observability (CO). Under Normal Operating Conditions (NOC) and Abnormal Operating Conditions (AOC), it considers the observability limitations. Buses with zero injection are also considered in this OPP problem while positioning the PMUs. To solve OPP, this program uses a Binary Bat Algorithm (BBA). The results obtained on the application of BBA to standard practical grids witness the BBA to be the most effective and efficient.


In a reverberant environment where several people talk simultaneously, perceptual grouping of the direct wave emanating from a talker with its reflections is essential for both distinguishing different talkers and identifying attended speech. Older‐adult listeners often feel it difficult to understand attended speech in reverberant environments. In this study, the effect of changing the time interval between target speech and its simulated reflection on recognition of target speech was investigated in both younger and older adults with normal or near normal hearing. When the masker was competing speech, the intelligibility of target speech was markedly improved in younger participants as the inter‐target delay was reduced from 64 to 0 ms, particularly when the signal‐to‐masker ratio was sufficiently low (−6 or −8 dB). In older participants, the release induced by decreasing the inter‐target delay was marked but smaller than that in younger participants especially at long inter‐target delays (16 or 32 ms)....


Silicon-chalcogenide slot waveguide Raman amplifier (SCSRA) is investigated as a free-carrier absorption suppression mechanism, eliminating the problematic gain saturation in silicon Raman amplifier. SCSRA also displays superior device miniaturization capability and wide linear amplification range.


Managing difficult people in an organization is an extremely important part of making organizations work well. They are disruptive to the organization and are the source of endless complaints and bad feelings. They can cause stress and unhappiness. You cannot get rid of these kinds of people, short of firing them. Delightful as this may seem at times, it isn't a very practical solution. Furthermore, it is extremely hard to turn troublemakers into sweet, loveable people. Therefore, you have to learn to cope with them. In this paper an attempt has been made to identify a difficult person and to understand how a difficult person's behaviour affects an organization. The paper also outlines the guidelines for managing difficult people in order to decrease the department turnover rate. Further, attempt has been made to help managers unravel the mysteries of dealing with people at work and to help them get the best from an invaluable resource and so become better managers.


We examine whether the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has a major role in reducing the diversification discount and enhancing internal capital markets efficiency. The act proposes new rules and regulations on financial practice and reshapes corporate governance to insure alignment of incentives between corporate insiders and investors. We check the relationship between corporate governance variables and the diversification discount. Finally, we conclude the indirect effects of the act in enhancing efficiency and reducing the diversification discount. We find that the level of corporate governance, especially CEO power, affects the efficient allocation of resources and the diversification discount correspondingly. However, we find that the sensitivity of the diversification discount to CEO power decreases significantly after the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which implies that the restrictions and regulations passed by the act enhance corporate governance and limit the misallocation of resources and the diversification discount respectively.


Meteorites are the rocks from outer space that helps us to understand the origin and evolution of solar system, and various processes related to the early solar system. The Kamargaon chondrite (Figure 1) is a single fall (Kamargaon: 26°39ˊ01 ̋ N and 93° 46ˊ 02 ̋ E), on 13th November, 2015; its total known weight 12.095kg.1–3 Earlier studies focused on the compositional analyses of the meteorite and assigned Kamargaon as an L6 ordinary chondrite.1–3 A cosmic ray exposure age of Kamargaon is 7 Ma.2 Presence of irregular fractures of olivine and pyroxene grains observed previous authors2 and entails the stage of shock metamorphism of Kamargaon is S3.


Modern dress design in addition to the aesthetic elements include clothing style,structure,processes,ma terials and colors,and other major elements and include an important design elements——dress patterns.In order to design more clothes to the arts and cultural connotations in modern popular costumes,we will find many interesting design elements,and apparel design contains more meaning and characteristics.


616 he Congress of the International Society of Craniofacial SurT gery (ISCFS) XVIIIth biennial meeting took place in the picturesque Paris, France from September 16th to the 19th, 2019. The Congress returned to France, the birthplace of Craniofacial Surgery, where the first ISCFS Congress was first held in La Napoule 35 years ago under the presidency of Paul Tessier. Attendees had the pleasure of stimulating scientific discussion under the backdrop of the singular Eiffel Tower (Fig. 1). Between sessions, attendees spent time appreciating all of the breathtaking sights, sounds, and smells of Paris.


Data are combined with concentrations obtained by a bulk measurement method using successive layer removal with measurements of Hall effect and resistivity. From the MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) measurements it is found that the ionized dopant concentration N has the value (1.4 + or - 0.1) x 10 to the 20th power/cu cm at distances between 100 and 220 nm from the n(+) surface. The bulk measurement technique yields average values of N over layers whose thickness is 2000 nm. Results show that, at the higher concentrations encountered at the n(+) surface, the MOS C-V technique, when combined with a bulk measurement method, can be used to evaluate the effects of materials preparation methodologies on the surface and near surface concentrations of silicon cells.


27 bacterial isolates were isolated from PCBs contaminated site. A partial 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the isolates belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Rhodococcus, Burkholderia, and Pandoraea, all the isolates have the capability to use monochlorinated biphenyl as the sole carbon source, ten of these isolates were belonged to genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Bacillus and Rhodococcus had also the capability to use dichlorinated biphenyl as the sole carbon source and only two strains Burkholderia sp. HAOP24 and Rhodococcus sp. HA-30 were capable of metabolizing the highly recalcitrant congener 2,4,5,2′,4′,5′chlorobiphenyl. Two catechol 2,3 dioxygenase genes termed C23O 1 and C23O 2 were identified and characterized from Burkholderia sp. HA-OP24 and Pseudomonas sp. HA-OP22 respectively. These genes may act as functional genes in the metabolic pathway of the PCBs. These findings may benefit in the bioremediation of PCBs by selecting the vital C23O for the mineralization of PCBS compounds. [Hamdy A. Hassan. Detection, Cloning, and Expression of catechol 2,3 dioxygenase Genes from Novel Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Degraders. Life Sci J 2014;11(1):353-360] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 54


This paper presents a study of selective ablation of thin organic films (LEP- Light Emitting Polymer, PEDOT:PSS- Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate) by using 248 nm Excimer laser, on various kinds of multilayered SiN barrier foils for the development of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED). Different Silicon Nitride (SiN) barrier foils with dedicated absorption spectra are taken into account for this purpose. The drive for looking into different types of SiN originates from the fact that the laser selective removal of a polymer without damage to the barrier layer underneath is challenging in the dynamic laser processing of thin films. The barrier is solely responsible for the proper encapsulation of the OLED stack. The main limitation of current OLED design is its shorter life span, which is directly related to the moisture or water permeation into the stack, leading to black spots. An optimization of laser parameters like fluence and number of shots has been carried out for the various types of SiN barrier foils. We are able to obtain a wider working process window for the selective removal of LEP and PEDOT:PSS from SiN barrier, by variation of the different types of SiN.


In this paper we study negative refraction of EM waves in three-dimensional (3D) inverted-opal photonic crystal that consists of periodic air-spheres embedded in a dielectric background. We investigate the focusing properties of flat lens made of this photonic crystal structure. We find that wave focusing can be achieved in such a 3D photonic crystal structure at the negative-refraction frequency window.


In this study, two existing mathematical cardiovascular models, a non-pulsatile global model and a simplified pulsatile left heart model were investigated, modified and combined. A global lumped compartment cardiovascular model was developed that could predict the pressures in the systemic and pulmonary circulation, and specifically the pulsatile pressures in the the finger arteries where real-time measurements can be obtained. Linking the the average flow with a pulsatile flow is the main difficulty. The left ventricle is assumed to be the source of pulse waves in the system. Modifications were made in the ventricular elastance to model the variations of the stiffness of heart muscles during stress or exercise state. The systemic aorta compartment is added to indicate pressure changes detected by the baroreceptors acting as a control mechanism in the system. Parameters were estimated to simulate an average normal blood pressures during rest and exercise conditions. Introduction In Kappel and Peer (1993) [4], a cardiovascular mathematical model has been developed for the response of the system to a short term submaximal workload. It is based on the four compartment model by Grodin's mechanical part of the cardiovascular system. It considers all the essential subsystems such as systemic and pulmonary circulation, left and right ventricles, baroreceptor loop, etc. Included in the model are the basic mechanisms such as Starling's law of the heart, the Bowditch effect and autoregulation in the peripheral regions. The basic control autoregulatory mechanisms were constructed assuming that the regulation is optimal with respect to a cost criterion. The model provided a satisfactory description of the overall reaction of the cardiovascular-respiratory system under a constant ergometric workload imposed on a test person on a bicycle-ergometer. Further studies have been done to include the respiratory system, see Timischl (1998) [13]. The model was also extended and used to describe the response of the cardiovascular-respiratory system under orthostatic stress condition, see for


A two dimensional tidal depth averaged model was used to calculate the tidal currents in Jeddah Islamic Port which is the largest sea port in Saudi Arabia. The water circulation in Jeddah Port exhibits strong ebb to flood variability, reversing from west to east movement during both neap and spring tide respectively. Model results are compared with measured current meter data. The comparison showed a reasonable agreement between the modeled and measured current velocities. The renewal of the water within the port is important to ensure the quality of the sea water.


Different perspectives within educational psychology have recognized the importance of learning environments, which has led to the consolidation of the field of study on classroom climate, in which the emotional dimension has been found to have a fundamental role. However, there is no clear definition of classroom emotional climate yet. Because of this, a systematic review was conducted on classroom emotional climate as a research topic and a field of study. The most relevant scientific articles on the topic of classroom emotional climate were researched, primarily in Europe, the United States, and Latin America. The findings begin with an evolution of the concept of classroom emotional climate throughout the 20th century, to later focus on the advances and development in the study from the year 2000 to 2015. The findings indicate a multitude of factors that relate to, and are affected by, classroom emotional climate. These analytic categories include emotional regulation, student-teacher and student-student interactions, academic achievement, the teacher s role, family dynamics, prosocial and antisocial behaviors, and socio-cultural context. In contrast with the north american and european articles, there was a lack of studies from the colombian context and Latin America in general. Because of this, the present review proposes to broaden the understanding of the concept of classroom emotional climate and the ways it can contribute to, and improve, the quality of education in the Colombian educational system, so as to promote the wellbeing of students and teachers in the school context.


Bull horn injuries are common injuries in the rural population 1. These types are injuries are seen in farmers who take care of the cattles. Generally the injuries are seen in the perineal area and lower abdomen 2. I am reporting a rare case where there was penetrating injury in the right thigh extending into the peritoneal cavity with evisceration of small intestine though the thigh.


This paper presents updated methods for locating the Poleward and Equatorward Auroral Luminosity Boundaries (PALB and EALB) directly from IMAGE Far UltraViolet (FUV) images of the Northern Hemisphere auroral oval. Separate boundaries are determined from images measured at different FUV wavelengths. In addition, new methods for indirectly estimating the Open‐Closed magnetic field line Boundary (OCB) and the Equatorward Precipitation Boundary (EPB) locations are presented; these new boundaries are derived from a combination of the auroral luminosity boundary estimates with statistical latitudinal offsets derived from comparisons with low‐altitude spacecraft Particle Precipitation Boundaries (PPBs). Subsequently, we derive new circle model fits for all these boundary data sets, as well as new quality control criteria for these model fits. The suitability of circle fits for each of the data sets is discussed, and the OCB and PALB circle fits are validated against the Convection Reversal Boundary (CRB), as measured by low‐altitude in situ spacecraft. All the new boundary data sets, covering the epoch May 2000 to October 2002, are freely available online.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship navigation. Proposed method of piloting ships in channels and shallow inland waters consists in using auxiliary engineering means. Said auxiliary means represents pontoons. Said pontoons represent bow and stern buoyancy modules. Underkeel clearance is increased by reducing wave resistance in running in shallow waters due to absorption of waves reflected from the hull. Waves are killed by aforesaid buoyancy modules. Pontoons are furnished with elements to secure them to ship hull. Said modules are shaped to ship hull bow and stern. Said fastening elements are made up of retainers furnished with jacks and cables to fasten buoyancy modules aboard the ship. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 3 dwg


Field experiments were conducted during 2007-10 at various farmer's field of Dzongu valley of North Sikkim district of Sikkim to identify locally available different forest plant suitable for leaf material for using as bio-mulching under rain-fed condition as farmers practices for the main objectives: to identify best leaves for control moisture loss, optimized temperature, soil erosion, weeds and disease incidences, increased germination, quality yield and economy in organic ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) local cv. Bhaisey. Green leaves of Artemisia vulgaris Linn., Schima wallichii Korth., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. syn. Eupatorium odoratum Linn., Alnus nepalensis D. Don and mixed leaves were used traditionally as bio-mulches in organic ginger seeding in field. The longest rhizome size (7.25 cm), No. of rhizome fingers/plant (39.23), more ginger yield (208.54 q/ha), B:C ratio (1:1.80), lowest incidence of diseases (16.10%), recorded significantly maximum soil moisture conservation (44.75%) and optimum soil temperature (24.80 C) were recorded significantly under the Schima wallichii fresh leaves for bio-mulching as compared to all other bio-mulching material in organic ginger production and economic under rain-fed condition of NE hills. The leaves of Schima wallichii used as bio-mulch in organic ginger increased in yield (60%) and net return (134.50%) as compared to without mulching (control).


Objective To test the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung cancer tissue and discuss whether VEGF could act as the quota of deciding lung cancer prognosis and its clinical significance. Methods The method of SP immunohistochemical technique was used to test the expression level of VEGF in 39 lung cancer tissue specimen who have the chemotherapy history and 20 lung cancer tissues of non chemotherapy history, and visited the survival time, comparing the relationship between the expression of VEGF and the survival rate. Results The positive expression rate of VEGF was 67.8 %,there was statistical significance (P 0.05 );The positive expression of VEGF was compared among sex, age, pathology type, different degree,there was no prominent difference at all(P 0.05 );Among clinical stage and lymphatic node metastasis,there was statistical significance (P 0.05 ). The survival time of the lung cancer patients who accepted chemotherapy in the positive expression of VEGF was shorter than the negative expression of VEGF (P 0.05 ). The Cox regression model showed that clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and VEGF were related with prognosis of lung cancer(P 0.05 ). Conclusion The expression level of VEGF in lung cancer was high,as a major cause that affects the prognosis on patients of lung cancer;The expression level of VEGF in lung cancer had prominent relationship with clinical stage and the lymph node metastasis. VEGF could act as the quota of determining lung cancer prognosis and effect of chemotherapy.


Neonatal sepsis is a major healthcare burden responsible for high rates of neonatal mortality. Due to its non-specific signs and symptoms and delay in identification, it poses a great challenge to the clinician in ruling out sepsis at an early stage. The present study was undertaken to identify the recent trends in bacteriological profile associated with neonatal sepsis, their antibiotic resistance pattern and the major risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis. In this cross-sectional study, blood cultures were performed from suspected cases of neonatal sepsis. Growth was identified by standard microbiological techniques and antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and ESBL (Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase) or AmpC β-Lactamase and carbapenemase production was detected phenotypically following CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) guidelines. Out of 812 blood samples collected, 177 (21.79%) were culture positive, 85 (48.02%) isolates were Gram positive Cocci, 76 (42.93%) were Gram negative Bacilli and 16 (9.03%) were Candida spp. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella spp. & Acinetobacter spp. A high percentage of MRSA & AmpC producers were observed in present study, these were associated with clinical conditions such as respiratory distress syndrome, prolonged rupture of membrane (>12hrs) & low birth weight. Strengthening rapid detection, along with stringent infection control program and antibiotic stewardship can help to reduce neonatal sepsis and it will allow us to minimise the use of reserve drugs to battle out sepsis at an early stage.


The present study is aimed to evaluating the hepatoprotective effect of Mikania scandens (L.) Willd.(MS) by paracetamol(PCM) induced liver damage in rats. Hepatoprotective action of MS extract and its fractions were evaluated using animal model of hepatotoxicity induced by Paracetamol. Liver marker enzymes were assayed in serum and antioxidant status was assessed in liver tissue. Hepatotoxicity in rats was achieved by intraperitoneal dose of 2 gm/kg of paracetamol for 14 days. The extract and the fractions of MS (500mg/kg) were administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (2gm/kg). Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard and studied by comparing parameters such as aspartate aminotrasferase(AST), alanine aminotrasferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),total bilirubin (TB), total protein (TP), triglycerides, cholesterol and the hepatic oxidative stress parameters like as levels of, malondialdehyde(MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase(CAT),super oxide dismutase (SOD) in rats. The results showed that plant extract and its fractions were effective in protecting the liver against the injury induced by paracetamol in rats. Histopathological studies also confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of these extracts when compared with Paracetamol treated groups. It can be concluded from the result that the plant Mikania scandens (L.)Willd possesses hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.


Abstract Fungal selectivity (range of potential partners) for algal symbionts has been found to vary inlichen associations. Although a large number of studies have focused on the taxonomy and evolution of fungi in the speciose parmelioid clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota), fungal-algal interactions in this ecologically and evolutionarily diverse group remain largely unexplored. In this study we investigated the algal symbionts of Xanthoparmelia fungi in western North America. We generated sequence data from a total of 58 rock shield lichens (Xanthoparmelia fungi + Trebouxia algae) collected across three sites in a subalpine community in southern Utah, USA. We explored the role of substrates, secondary metabolite variation, phenotype-based Xanthoparmelia species, mycobiont genetic population clusters, and site-specific differences in structuring assemblages of algae. Our results indicate that Xanthoparmelia fungi associate with a broad range of Trebouxia lineages in a local, subalpine habitat. Most algae sampled form part of the diverse Trebouxia 'arboricola/gigantea' clade, while a small number of algae from outside of this clade were also found to associate with the Xanthoparmelia species investigated here. Our results also revealed multiple Trebouxia lineages within the T. 'arboricola/gigantea' clade that have not been previously recognized. Furthermore, accumulation curves suggested that additional algal diversity in rock shield lichen communities in the sampled subalpine habitat may be recovered with increased sampling. Overall, we found no clear association of algal clades with traditional phenotype-based Xanthoparmelia species, mycobiont genetic population clusters, distinct extrolites, or substrates. However, our data revealed significant genetic structuring of Trebouxia communities in separate subalpine meadow areas in a relatively homogeneous subalpine community. Significant site-specific differences in Trebouxia diversity in rock shield lichen communities and low selectivity suggest that photobiont flexibility may play an important role in overall successful colonization of rock shield lichens across a wide array of habitats in western North America.


Y-Dang Troeung: For many who experienced it directly, the Southeast Asian refugee crisis that unfolded throughout the second half of the twentieth century carries not only the legacy of loss, but also the painful memory of the West's distrust of refugee testimony. When Cambodian refugees began arriving at the Thai border in the late 1970s recounting the atrocities of the Khmer Rouge regime, their testimonies were not believed. Still locked in the Cold War at the time, the world's superpowers conveniently looked away from Cambodia, a country they had previously bombed or flooded with arms. Seduced by Khmer Rouge propaganda photographs of smiling Cambodian peasants, prominent Western leftist intellectuals sympathetic to Pol Pot's revolutionary experiment dismissed the testimonies of survivors as "unreliable tales told by refugees" (Thompson 43). Western journalists Elizabeth Becker and Richard Dudman were given rare access in 1978 to investigate the refugee testimonies. While Becker asserted that the scenes inside Cambodia were staged by the Khmer Rouge to cover up genocide, Dudman reported in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch that "the information received in advance [from refugees] was mostly misleading." Pol Pot's Democratic Kampuchea, he wrote, contained a "healthy demographic mix of men, women, and babies" (qtd. in Becker). Only thirty-seven years later, when called to testify at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia in 2016, did Dudman admit that he was wrong. He expressed regret for "his judgement at the time... that [he] should write what [he] saw." In his documentary film The Missing Picture, Cambodian filmmaker and survivor Rithy Panh uses hand-carved clay figures to encode the embodied autobiographies of Cambodian survivors. Throughout the film, Panh uses these clay figures to reenact scenes from the past as a means of addressing the overwhelming absence of other archives with which to tell the story of how Cambodians survived the genocide. Looking starved and reduced to a condition of bare life by the torments of Khmer Rouge labor camps, clay figures appear while the film's voiceover asks, "Those who read our books, those who loved our slogans, have they seen these pictures?" Panh addresses those who romanticized communism directly, finding it unacceptable that so few in the


We introduce an extension of Hoare logic for imperative higherorder functions with local state and full aliasing. Local state may be generated dynamically and exported outside its scope, may store higher-order functions, and may be used to construct complex shared mutable data structures. The logic is built on the authors' previous study on Hoare logics for imperative higher-order functions and aliasing [5, 15–17]. Complex behaviour induced by local state is captured with a minimal syntax extension: a first order predicate which asserts reachability of reference names. After establishing soundness and observational completeness, we explore the logic's descriptive and reasoning power with non-trivial examples, offering effective reasoning principles for a general class of higher-order behaviours in the presence of local state.


Silymarin, a secondary metabolite found mainly in the Silybum marianum L. fruits, has been associated with the hepatoprotective activity of the plant. Among various elicitors, salicylic acid, a "Generally Regarded As Safe" compound recognized by the Food and Drug Administration, is one of those being used in the induction and enhancement of valuable plant secondary metabolite production in various plant species. In this study, two concentrations (10−4 and 10−3 molar) of salicylic acid have been applied to the S. marianum plants as foliar spray to investigate their effects on plant growth and yield, as well as the production of its bioactive compound, silymarin. Our results indicated that both concentrations of salicylic acid increased the plant height, the number of branches, leaves, and capitula, as well as the dried weight of roots, aerial parts, and fruits. The enhancement effects in plant growth and yield were accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll-a, b, and carotenoids as well as element contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The potential of salicylic acid as an elicitor for the enhancement of secondary metabolites in S. marianum was supported by the increase in silymarin's major components, silybin (A + B), in the salicylic acid-treated plants. Concomitant expressions of CHS1, 2, and 3 genes that have been associated with the production of silymarin in S. marianum were also observed in the salicylic acid-treated plants. A lower concentration (10−4 M) of salicylic acid was found to be a better elicitor as compared with the 10−3 M salicylic acid. An increase of 3.4 times in capitula number and fruit dried weight as well as 2.6 times in silybin (A + B) contents were observed in plants sprayed with 10−4 M of salicylic acid as compared with the control.


Structural modifications of 5-nm node nanosheet FETs (NSFETs) were quantitatively analyzed using fully calibrated TCAD. The NSFETs with crescent inner spacer improve the short-channel effects by increasing effective gate lengths but also increase the parasitic capacitances by greater outer fringing electric field. The NSFETs with a crescent inner spacer and slanted source/drain (S/D) increase the physical gate lengths of bottom NS channel, but the anisotropic over-etching of substrate regions induces punchthrough effect at the bottom transistor. Bottom isolation by depositing dielectrics prior to S/D formation is effective to eliminate the punchthrough effect as well as to attain shorter RC delay by better electrostatics and parasitic capacitance reduction. In addition, the isolated S/D NSFETs without punchthrough stopper decrease parasitic and gate capacitances further at the frequency greater than 600 MHz at which the inversion carriers are not formed at the bottom transistor. Thus, although the crescent inner spacer and slanted S/D structure are unintendedly formed under process, these modifications lead to the performance boosting and the process simplicity of the 5-nm node NSFETs.


Bad sex is everywhere, from the scenes played out in the Weinstein case and others, through to the texts I'll discuss here which pivot on figures of bad sex: Jill Soloway's t.v version of Chris Kraus' I Love Dick (2017), Kristen Roupenian's 'Cat Person' (2017) and Sheila Heti's How Should a Person Be? (2010)

Bad sex feels ugly (Ngai: 2005). It is sex that embarasses, that promises but doesn't deliver, sex that we don't desire, or at least not now, not like this, not with him, or her, or them, or it, or me. Bad sex is sex had in cliches, sex that fails to absorb us, that leaves us on the outside - either shamefully interested and yet rebuffed, humiliated, or uninterested, unmoved. It can be sex that absorbs us too much, that holds us too close for comfort or desire, trying too hard to get us to want it, or not hard enough.

This paper will argue that we can productively read some of our own bad sex scenes through the work of another female writer: Anais Nin. Long-humiliated for the way she wrote and had sex, Nin is useful for thinking about contemporary depictions of bad sex because of how her work solicits our investment in sex playing out a particular way, only to throw us back onto this investment, in scenes that (re)enact the gendered dynamics of humiliation and shame that attend contemporary bad sex (Tomkins: 1995; Sedgwick: 2002; Doyle: 2006).


In this PhD dissertation I present and conceptualize what I call the religious protagonism in Brazil. In it, I discuss how non-hegemonic forms of Christian visibility are developing a progressive political agenda and an affection grammar of public presence, especially concerning the political events in the course of the last three years in Brazil. It is also a work on how is possible to grasp symbolic reproduction and dynamics that ensure the legitimacy of these non-hegemonic agents. I understand that religious protagonism is a typical phenomenon of the communicative flows of the Internet, applying a comparison of how the traditional and hegemonic televangelist religious leadership, on its turn, is typical of the broadcasting order of the media. While this televangelist leadership relies on the charisma, religious protagonism is driven by an affection competence that mobilizes a performative presence in the public space (online and offline). I argue that the forms of symbolic reproduction regarding religious protagonism not only embrace new forms of manifestation in the public space but also demands an antagonist position against current mainstream Christianity, which is charismatic and broadcasting (both on Catholic or Evangelical features). There is a specific visibility for the subjects of the protagonism, whose main propose is to present themselves as progressive religious figures, "outsiders" of the Brazilian televangelist auditorium and their moral standards, and moved not by charisma but by the mobilization of affections such as hope/fear and love. This work aims to discuss precisely the status and effects of this visibility, concerning how religious protagonism would be able to negotiate, along with theological questions, new limits for the Modern secular sensibility. In addition, it also advances affection studies as a fundamental capital for realizing new forms of religious authority in the Internet Age. An urgent discussion, especially in the Latin American context, in which the Christian charismatic (and therefore broadcasting) project found significant growth, legitimacy, and political force.


A number of recent genetic, linguistic, and archaeological studies have attempted to ascertain the origin of settlers to the Palauan archipelago, but it remains a complex and debated issue. To provide additional insight into colonization strategies and settlement patterns, we conducted computer simulations of drift voyages to the Palauan archipelago based on historically recorded winds and currents. Drift voyages were considered here as drifting before the wind when lost, a strategy documented for Pacific Islanders. The simulations suggest that peoples drifting before the wind from the southern Philippines would have had the most success in landfall. This finding supports the current hypothesis of human colonization to the islands of Palau.


This work studied the technology of formation of pn junction and self-aligned CoSi2 film contact on Si doped with B P As by diffusion or ion implantaion. Ion beam sputtering was applied for Co film deposition, and solid state interaction of Co/Si was performed by rapid thermal process (RTF) to form CoSi2 films. The sheet resistances of doped Si regions decreased by an order of magnitude after CoSi2 formation. For the samples implanted with As, the effects of different thermal processes on As redistribution during interaction of Oo/Si were investigated. Experimental results indicated that in the case of conventional process (As was activated prior to CoSi2 formation), a snowplow effect of As during interaction of Co/Si was observed. In the case of concurrent process (As activation and interaction of Co/Si were carried out in one step), As exibited an obviously different behavior. The spreading resistance probe and electrical characterization showed that, for either of the above two cases, a high .carrier concentration can be produced at the interface of CoSi2/Si, and the pn junctions with CoSi2 contact exibited good I-V properties, and their leakage current was much less than that of the comparative pn. junction with Al/Si contact.


Electromagnetic (EM) shielding studies on totally closed box shields, one inside the other, were carried out earlier for steady magnetic fields in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 150 kHz and for plane waves from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. The calculated and the experimental values of the shielding effectiveness for a few selected materials like copper, tin-plated iron, Mu-metal and their composites in single and nested configurations, for wall thicknesses in the range of 50 /spl mu/m to 250 /spl mu/m were compared. In order to explain the discrepancies in the calculated and experimental results, need was felt to simplify the experiments and improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the measurements. The present study is a sequel to the one above but differs essentially in two aspects, viz.; (a) the shielding effectiveness is measured for the broadband (DC to 100 MHz) transient, intense (E-field in the range of 50 to 100 kV/m) and fast (rise time less than 10 nano seconds) EM fields generated in a simulation facility, and (b) the closed nested box shields are configured as open ended structures, to overcome the experimental complexities of the former. The transient fields comprising E-field, D-Dot field and B-Dot field, were characterised by indigenously developed sensor probes. A high sensitivity of 750 mV/kV/m has been achieved for the electric field sensor. The open-ended shield structures are made from 1.5 mm. thick aluminium sheets supported at the four corners of the sheets by copper rods of 6 mm. diameter. The corresponding dimensions for the shields are 250/spl times/200/spl times/75 mm. and 200/spl times/150/spl times/50 mm respectively. The paper discusses the results of the measurements thus performed on shielding effectiveness and sufficiently elaborates the design and development of E, D-Dot and B-Dot field probes. Also, discussed are the characteristics of the transient intense EM fields generated in the simulation facility.


The overall development of our country's telecommunications industry is unbalanced.The developed area such as the Yangtze River Delta Region has a tremendous demand on the progress of telecom technology.However,the legislation process has already couldn't catch up with the pace of the currently dramatically developed hi-tech revolution,under these circumstances,the requirement that the content and form of telecom legislation should meet the needs of industrial convergence is being put forward.We should strive to establish an all-out new telecommunications regulatory mechanism against new legislative principles;to enact a new Telecommunications Law as required by the new science and technology revolution under the background of industrial convergence;to take the telecommunications legislation,reform as an opportunity to form a sound and orderly market competition environment;and to move forward our national undertaking of innovation development under the target of proportional development among information,technology and the code of law.


In mammals it is well established that spermatozoa acquire the ability to fertilize during their transit from the caput to the cauda epididymis.'-" Very little is known about sperm maturation and storage in lower vertebrates. However, if we consider earlier studies, it has been shown that in teleost fishes, cyclostomes, and frogs, spermatozoa emerging from the testis are motile and fertile.* The first important evolution appears to have taken place in an elasmobranch (the skate) and in some species of birds and reptiles. It seems evident that a better knowledge of sperm maturation and storage in these subtherian animals would be of great interest. The lizard Lacertci vivipurci is a seasonal breeder, copulating only during spring. We have previously shown that its epididymis produces a large amount of secretory granules made up of a central core (0 6 pm) and a peripheral vacuole from March to June (the reproductive period). This secretory activity is androgen dependent.s The peripheral vacuole contains a major protein, protein "L" (18,000 M.W.16 that binds to the head of ~ p e r m a t o z o a . ~ ~ Our purpose was to investigate the importance of the epididymis on the acquisition of the optimal motility and on storage of viable sperm in the viviparous lizard.


New sensors based on single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and porphyrins have been tested for sensitivity to NO2 gas. SWCNTs embedded in barium stearate multilayers were deposited with the help of Langmuir-Blodgett technique. It was demonstrated a sensitive effect of the sensor for NO2 gas. The coverage of the sensor with metalloporphyrin (Mn) leads to strong enhancing of the sensitive effect to NO2, besides, the selectivity was preserved both around room temperature and at larger operating temperature (up to 200 °C). No sensitivity to CO and CH4 was evidenced. The NO2 sensitivity strongly increased at 100 °C but at high operation temperatures (150-200 °C) a different behaviour is observed, probably due to the structural change of porphyrin or porphyrin-SWCNT interaction. The reversibility of the sensor resistivity is reasonably good at the optimum operating temperature (100 °C).


A porcellanid crab, Petrolisthes carinipes (Heller, 1861) is re-described after the original material, while notes based on other material are added.


Thelarge supply voltage difference between sub-threshlold core logic and1/0makesitextremely challenging toconvert signals fromcorecircuit toI/Ocircuit. Inthis paper, wepropose two novel circuits, Clock Synchronizer andReduced Swing Inverter to design dynamic andstatic level converters forsub-threshold logic. Circuit simulations showsthatourlevel converters workat frequency > 500Khzbetween 20°Cand40°Cwitha supply voltage of0.25V. Categories andSubject Descriptors B.6. 1(Logic Design) General Terms Design


The ADuC812 is a high performance and fully integrated 12bit data acquisition system I 2C bus interface of ADuC812 is introduced, it′s time sequential routine is showed in master and slave work module, corresponding C language procedure by author′s experience is given


This paper proposes tapping noise suppression with a new phase-based detection. Phase slope of the input noisy signal is compared with an ideal phase slope obtained from an average of intra-frame slopes along the frequency axis. In order to cope with heavily low-pass characteristics of tapping noise spectrum, phase values are weighted with the magnitude at each frequency point. Phase unwrapping problem is alleviated by use of a rotation vector of frequency domain components. Comparison of enhanced signal spectrogram with that of clean speech demonstrates superior enhanced signal quality.


Objective To investigate the application of selective "artery-or-vein first" approach in radical pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods Between April 2011 and June 2012,116 patients were given selective "artery-or-vein first" approach of radical pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignant tumor of pancreas or duodenum.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were pre-operatively multidetector spiral CT examined and vessel reconstructed to precisely evaluate the vascular involvement and resectability status.Results The average operation time was 320(ranged between 260 and 460) min and the average blood loss was 380 ml(range between 200 and 600 ml).Nine patients underwent venous resection followed by reconstruction.There were no operative deaths.The postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 4 patients(3.45%).Gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 2 patients(1.72%).Delayed gastric emptying occurred in 3 patients(2.59%).Conclusions The selective "artery-or-vein first" approach can serve as a novel approach in modern pancreatic surgery.It has certain advantages without increase of complication.However,further clinical study is still needed for long term prognosis.


Drug loaded polyurethane (PU) thin layer was prepared on the silicone tube by electrospinning technique. Microstructure of the PU layer was varied from nanoporous web to dense coating depending on the polymer solution concentration and the amount of drug loaded. It can be easily adjusted the coating thickness and porosity accurately and controlled the drug loading and releasing properties. However, adhesive strength between PU layer and silicone tube was very weak and easily broken away and white turbidity also another important problem. So, surface of silicone tube was atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) treated for improving the adhesive and removing white turbidity phenomenon.


archive. It should offer diplomatic transcriptions of documents, and facsimiles of those documents. And it should avoid many of the things that scholarly editions have traditionally done, particularly the creation of critically-edited texts by means of editorial emendation. On this view, what readers need is access to original sources - to as many of them as possible, and avoiding as much as possible the shaping and selection that editors have traditionally engaged in. Although a lot of archives in the world were created and shaped to make specific points, this kind of archive-edition is not conceived of as doing that: it is instead imagined as a neutral witness.2 The archive model has its merits, and indeed its methodology is in part derived from the tradition of scholarly editing: there are obvious connections to the approach of the Malone Society's reprint series, for example. Access to original sources is certainly a good thing. But I do not think it is the only good thing an edition can do, and some of the other good things are especially important when we are working with Renaissance texts. Readers need more than just an archive when working with Renaissance texts, because the archive can give us only a limited representation of these texts. Let me illustrate this point by describing two different editions I am working on - the Thomas Middleton edition and the corpus of Renaissance texts from the Women Writers Project. The Middleton edition will collect all his extant writings - plays, poems, and pamphlets, in modern spelling, for the most part, and with full textual and explanatory notes. It will be published by Oxford University Press in both print and electronic forms; Gary Taylor is the general editor, but there are something like six dozen of us working on various aspects © CS 1997


It is very difficult on the exploration of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs because of being restricted to the great heterogeneities and the complex situation of fracturecavity system. In addition, the scale of target geologic body is much smaller than seismic resolution, it is very hard to find out several or several tens of meters caves which are 5000 meters below underground, even though detect its hydrocarbon characteristic. So the wells are always very hard to stay a high and steady productivity. The purpose of this research is through an accurate identification, particular description, veracious reserves calculation and reliable hydrocarbon detection for single fracture-cavity body to improve the reserve precision and drilling success ratio. At the same time to improve the percentage of high and steady productivity wells.


ABSTRACT The reaction dynamics of Penning ionisation of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), naphthalene C10H8, in collision with the metastable He*(23S) atom is studied by classical trajectory calculations using an approximate interaction potential energy surface between He* and the molecule, which is constructed based on ab initio calculations for the isovalent Li + C10H8 system. The ionisation width (rate) around the molecular surface are obtained from overlap integrals of the He 1s orbital and the molecular orbital. The calculated collision energy dependences of partial Penning ionisation cross sections (CEDPICS) in the range 50–500 meV at 300 K have reproduced the experimental results semi-quantitatively. The opacity functions, which represent the reaction probability with respect to the impact parameter b, are discussed in connection with collision energy, interaction with He* and the exterior electron density of molecular orbitals. They indicate that the collisional ionisations of C10H8 can be classified into three types: π electron ionisations with negative collision energy dependences which are predominantly determined by attractive interaction with He*; σ orbitals ionisations of the hardcore type; σ orbital ionisations which reflect interaction potentials around CH bonds. The critical impact parameters bc become larger with increasing collision energy due to the centrifugal barrier. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Objective— Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in multiple patient populations, including ones on chronic hemodialysis (CHD). Active vitamin D deficiency is postulated to play a role in the extent of IR observed in CHD patients. We postulated that administration of Paracalcitol, an active vitamin D medication, influences IR in CHD patients. Design— Pilot randomized-controlled trial Setting— 10 prevalent chronic hemodialysis patients on stable Paracalcitol. Methods— Paracalcitol was withheld for 8 weeks in all patients (phase I). Parathyroid hormone levels were managed by calcium sensing receptor agonist, Cinacalcet. At week 8, patients were randomized to continue Cinacalcet or to restart Paracalcitol for 8 weeks (phase II). Primary outcome was the change in IR measured by glucose disposal rate (GDR) by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEGC). Secondary outcomes included changes in IR between groups in indirect indices of IR, biomarkers of inflammation, and adipokines. Results— Mean age was 49 years (range 46–57) and 40% were female. Compared to baseline, there was no detectable change in the GDR at the end of phase I (p=0.7). There was also no statistically significant difference in GDR between groups at the end of phase II (p=0.9). No changes were observed in indirect indices of IR, adipokines or biomarkers of inflammation in either phase. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Conclusion— The results of this pilot study suggest that withdrawal of Paracalcitol over weeks and replacement for 8 weeks after withdrawal does not influence IR measured by HEGC in CHD patients.


This paper presents a novel method to tune the optical buffers center frequency, bandwidth and slow down factor. In this way, we consider the diamagnetic shift of exciton energy levels in quantum wells. Analysis and simulation of a basic GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells optical buffer verifies the ability of this new method to control the frequency and time domain properties of an optical slow light device. Simulation shows that magnetic field intensity could increase the limited gigahertz bandwidth of this device up to 1 THz. These achievements are useful in optical nonlinearity enhancement and all-optical signal processing applications.


The acceptance and use of information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) are two of the most critical topics in IT and IS research. In these fields, intention has usually functioned as a direct and immediate predictor of actual behavior in most theories and models of behavioral change. However, participants usually fail to translate their intention into behavior, and accumulated studies have indicated there is a substantial gap between intentions and actual behavior (Sheeran & Webb, 2016). This intention-behavior gap has been largely unexamined by IT and IS researchers, who have kept using intention as a straight effect or as a surrogate for actual usage. To address this shortcoming, we focus our current research on how scholars can bridge the gap between behavioral intention and actual usage, especially in the IT and IS fields. Practically, as concerns about online privacy have been growing over the years, our model should help fill the gap between users' declared intention to protect their privacy and the actual privacy protection behavior.


Despite arid times and periods of near eclipse, the psychology of religion has manifested a fascinating and strangely persistent style of survival. When William James elected to speak on what he called "man's religious constitution" as his Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 1902, he could not have guessed that his subject matter would launch a discipline capable of attracting some of the keenest minds in Europe and America. Even recognizing the fact that there were several eminent scholars in the field before James's excursion he himself acknowledged some of them in the Preface to The Varieties of Religious Experience? it was undoubtedly James who set the stage and established part of the future pattern of the discipline. More important still, it was James who promoted the humanistic spirit which has tended to reassert itself whenever the field has been in danger of annihilation via insipid scientism.


Abstract This article describes the development and validation of a Learning Style Questionnaire (LSQ) for use with upper primary school children studying science in an Asian context. The subjects involved in the development of the LSQ were primary four pupils from six schools in Penang, Malaysia. The four important learning dimensions identified were (1) concrete‐abstract, (2) passive‐active, (3) low‐high self‐confidence/self‐esteem, and (4) superficial‐deep motivation. This LSQ would be useful for primary teachers to improve their effectiveness in the teaching of science.


[Objective] The research aimed to study the variations trend of 0-20 cm ground temperature in Dongxing of Guangxing from 1971 to 2005.[Method] Using the state's basic weather station 0,5,10,15,20 cm monthly average ground temperature data in Dongxing from 1971 to 2005,the use of climate tend to rate,cumulative distance equal method to analyze shallow ground temperature trends in the past 35 years in Dongxing.[Result] Layers of ground temperature in spring,summer,autumn,winter and annual trends are warming.One autumn,winter heating rate was significantly higher than spring and summer.The shallow ground temperature are abnormal rise coincided in the early and late 1990s,early 2000s,and in the mid-1970s are unusually cool phenomenon.The shallow ground temperature in mutations are still in the cooling trend before,while mutations are increasing trend for geothermal after.0,10,15 cm mutations point in the early and mid-1980s,5 cm of point mutations in the late 1970s,and 20 cm has two mutation points,espectively in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s.The Layers interdecadal variations of layers ground temperature is consistent and highly relevant.[Conclusion] The study provides the theoretical basis for the variations of ground temperature in global climate change.


A hierarchical manager-agent structure has upper and lower layers in an open system having OSI standard protocol specifications. The upper layer has an upper-layer manager, an upper-layer agent, and managed objects, and the lower layer has a lower-layer manager, a lower-layer agent. If an operation requested from an upper-layer manager and effected on a managed object in an upper layer by an upper-layer agent affects a managed object in a lower layer, or if an operation reported from a lower layer agent to a lower-layer manager affects a managed object in an upper layer, then corresponding managed-object instances between the upper and lower layers and their operations are converted by a managed-object correspondence information converter based on information stored in a managed-object correspondence information database. The managed-object correspondence information converter has a common interface with respect to both the upperlayer agent and the lower-layer manager.


Abstract.  The new species Aphragmus pygmaeus Al-Shehbaz (Sichuan) and Cardamine pseudotrifoliolata Al-Shehbaz (Xizang or Tibet) are described and illustrated. Their distinguishing characters from the respectively nearest relatives A. oxycarpus (Hook. f. & Thomson) Jafri and C. trifoliolata Hook. f. & Thomson are discussed.


Taking the structure of shield tunnel under-crossing pile foundation in a section of Metro Line 2 in Hangzhou as the study object,the influence of the shield tunnel's layout on the adjacent pile foundation is analyzed by numerical simulation,which is compared with the result of the traditional formula predicting soil deformation.The study result shows that where the tunnel locates directly under the pile foundation,the tunnel excavation causes large settlement of the above pile foundation and the surrounding soil mass;as the horizontal distance between the tunnel and the pile foundation increases,the tunnel excavation's effect on the pile foundation and the surrounding soil mass decreases;when the ratio of the horizontal distance and pile distance is more than 6,the influence is minor;and the result of the numerical simulation is close to the predicated value obtained from the traditional formula,


Purpose:  The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of topically applied bone marrow (BM) cells and CD117‐positive haematopoietic stem (CD117+) cells on alkali‐induced corneal ulcers.


Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is a new form of carbon, have aroused huge interest in the research community because of their interesting electronic structure. The CNTs are possibly handy in an extensive variety of solicitations. They unveil phenomenal asset, strange electrical properties and efficient heat conductors. Currently Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) has been widely used for the preparing carbon nanotubes because of its simplicity, high throughput and low running cost. It is also easy to control the growth parameters compared to other methods. In the present work methane is used as the source of carbon and ferric nitrate is used as a catalyst. Also, zeolites are used as absorbents and support for catalysts. The growth is carried out in a tubular furnace. The surface morphology, vibrational and structural properties were studied by using FESEM, laser Raman. FESEM micrograph shows the growth of carbon nanotube with different shapes. The length of the tube is ~1.08µm while its diameter is ~70nm. Raman spectra shows the absence of radial breathing mode (RBM) at lower Raman shift and the D and G- band evidence the presence of multi walled carbon nanotubes. XRD pattern reveals that, the intensity of graphite peaks are very subdued because the presence of higher content of zeolite.TGA curve shows, the as grown CNT has a weight gain due to oxidation or oxygen pickup by zeolite. Carbon nanotubes is an advance developing field in research. Carbon nanotubes are the strongest and stiffest materials in terms of tensile strength and elastic modulus. The present work focuses on the growth of Carbon nanotubes using chemical vapour deposition. Although there are many methods, the chemical vapour deposition is chosen because of its simplicity, high throughput and low running cost. Also it is very easy to control the growth parameters compared to other methods. . Carbon nanotubes has a wide application range in the field of Gas sensors, medical science for drug delivery system, field emission, energy storage and solar cells.


This paper addresses the problem of acquiring weak high-order binary offset carrier (BOC) signals in the context of high-sensitivity global navigation satellite system (HS-GNSS) receivers. The use of high-order BOC modulations provides an improvement over conventional BPSK modulation in terms of positioning accuracy, at the cost of secondary peaks appearing in the correlation function. The acquisition of the main peak is a critical problem because the presence of secondary peaks often introduces a bias in the time-delay estimation. This problem is even more complicated to address when the signal is received with a low carrier-to-noise ratio. In this situation, we must resort to Post-Detection integration (PDI) techniques to acquire the received signal, and after that an estimator can be applied to identify the main correlation peak. The contributions of this work are twofold. Firstly, we analyze the performance of PDI techniques such as the Non-coherent PDI and the Differential PDI to acquire weak high-order BOC signals in static and dynamic channels. Secondly, after detecting the signal by using a PDI technique, we propose to apply the Maximum Likelihood (ML) and the Least Square (LS) estimators to estimate the time-delay of the main peak.


Brazil stands out for its vast territory and varied range of timber species. In this sense, for the correct use of the wood, it is necessary to know the physical properties of the wood, with emphasis on the basic density as the main indicator of the quality of the material. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the axial variation of the basic density of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg. From the selected trees discs were removed, wedges were made and submerged in water until the saturation of the fibers to obtain the green volume by the hydrostatic balance method. Afterwards, they were dried in an oven at 103°C until constant weight to determine


Priest & Klein (1984) is one of the most influential legal publications of all time. The authors states that the distribution of lawsuits is not the same as the distribution of disputes. Under efficiency and symmetry assumptions, plaintiffs and defendants rationally choose when to prosecute, ensuring that only highly unpredictable disputes becomes lawsuits. Priest and Klein model found support on several empirical tests across the years, but the tests are usually based on U.S. evidence. In this paper, we test the model once again using a unique data set from São Paulo's Court, in Brazil. We also analyze the cases behavior when the court offers waiver fees. Our evidence favors the Priest and Klein hypothesis on the no fee waiver scenario, considering both the win rates and other hypothesis derived from the original paper. However, an asymmetric information model seems more suitable for the fee waiver scenario, although we analyze very similar cases on both scenarios.


The distribution is determined of some sequences that measure how well a number is approximated by its mediants (or intermediate continued fraction convergents). The connection with a theorem of Fatou, as well as a new proof of this, is given


Ask cocoa farmers in Ghana whether they would like their child to be a cocoa farmer and they will often respond 'no'. Now, ask if they would like them to go into cocoa business, and the vast majority will say 'yes' (Wagner et al., 2015). But what cocoa business opportunities do youth see for themselves within the rural communities? This paper identifies and maps out potential enterprises for youth within some cocoa farming communities in the Fanteakwa District of the Eastern Region of Ghana. A survey was conducted with 251 respondents including adult farmers, young cocoa farmers, and youth not in cocoa. Descriptive and regression analysis were performed on the survey data. The findings suggest a high demand for agricultural services by cocoa farmers mainly for activities such as land preparation and farm maintenance activities (e.g., pesticide spraying, regular weeding and mistletoes removal). Over 59% of the time, the farmers were willing to pay for individual farming activities ranging from land clearing to harvesting. These could be business opportunities for youth employment in rural cocoa communities. However, the youth did not perceive business opportunities in services provision to the same extent as demanded by the older cocoa farmers. Most youth were also interested in Holing and Planting cocoa seedling as a business (52%), while other in Harvesting and Gathering of cocoa pods as a business (39%), and pruning as a business (30%). Yet, the prices that older farmers were willing to pay for such services though highly demanded by them were up to Gh¢40.00 ($10.00) lower than expected by the youth. It is concluded that, there is obvious demand on the side of farmers, mostly for land clearing and maintenance activities. With some level of interest among the youth on business opportunities along the local cocoa production chain, some mechanisms to structure agricultural labour into professional labour could be encouraged to promote youth entrepreneurship in rural cocoa economies.


Success in recovery from cocaine use disorder (CUD) is challenged by vulnerability to relapse, propelled in part by exposure to cocaine‐linked cues ('cue reactivity'; Anastasio et al., Neuropharmacol 76 Pt B:460, 2014). The memory for the association between environmental cues (e.g., drug paraphernalia, people, places) and cocaine‐taking engages the serotonin (5‐HT) 5‐HT2A receptor (5‐HT2AR) system in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Penkowski et al., Psychopharmacol 213:307, 2011), a region importantly involved in associative learning processes (Harvey, Learn Mem 10:355, 2003). In the present experiment, we hypothesized that an engineered loss of the 5‐HT2AR in the mPFC would alter cocaine cue reactivity as well as cued fear learning. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) that efficiently knocks down over 90% of 5‐HT2AR mRNA in vitro was designed, validated, and packaged into an adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector; the non‐silencing control (NSC) hairpin had no effect on 5‐HT2AR mRNA expression. Rats acquired cocaine self‐administration (0.75 mg/kg/inf) to stability prior to bilateral microinfusion of 5‐HT2AR‐shRNA‐eGFP AAV or NSC‐eGFP‐AAV into the mPFC (AP: +3.0 mm; ML: +1.4 mm; DV: −5.1, −4.1, −3.1 mm; relative to Bregma) (n=10–12/group). One month after microinfusions, rats were returned to the chambers and cue reactivity was assessed as lever presses for drug‐associated cues. In a second cohort, microinfusion of 5‐HT2AR‐shRNA‐eGFP AAV or NSC‐eGFP‐AAV into the mPFC occurred one month prior to the acquisition of trace fear conditioning (n=5–7/group). Acquisition consisted of two presentations of a conditioned stimulus (white noise; 85dB) and a 500 ms trace interval before presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (foot shock; 0.75 mA). Freezing in the context or upon presentation of the auditory cue served as measures of hippocampal and mPFC involvement, respectively. Western blot analysis indicated that 5‐HT2AR protein expression was significantly reduced following 5‐HT2AR shRNA vs. NSC (p<0.05). The knockdown of the 5‐HT2AR in the mPFC significantly augmented cue reactivity (p<0.05 vs. NSC) and increased freezing upon exposure to the auditory cue (p<0.05 vs. NSC), with no difference in acquisition or freezing to the context. These data suggest that loss of tone in the 5‐HT2AR system in the mPFC results in dysregulation of cue‐associated behavior in two distinct paradigms of associative learning. Future studies will explore the molecular mechanisms through which decrements in 5‐HT2AR mPFC signaling affect cue‐mediated behavior.


Sterilization and Disinfection of Anesthesia and Respiratory Equipment Fatma Şebnem ERDİNÇ1, Şerife AltuN DEmİRcAN1 1 clinic of Infectious Diseases and clinical microbiology, Ankara training and Research Hospital, Ankara, turkey There is a need for a written and applied policy on the basis of hospital for sterilization and disinfection of anesthesia and respiratory equipment. This policy should include evidence-based approach as well as regular observation and review. On an institutional basis, it should be determined which method will be applied according to the equipment and intended use. Critical equipment includes instruments and devices that may come into contact with sterile tissue or vascular systems. It is recommended that all be sterile and disposable and should not be reused. Instruments with mucosal or impaired skin contact are defined as semi-critical, with a large proportion of anesthesia and respiratory equipment included in this group. There are different views on the fact that anesthesia equipment may be a source of infection.


The COOMET.QM-K36 key comparison 'Electrolytic conductivity: 0.5 S/m' is a comparison in the field of electrolytic conductivity measurements conducted by COOMET and carried out in 2012. It used a solution of KCl in water and the results are connected to those of the CCQM key comparison CCQM-K36.a through common participation of VNIIFTRI (Russia), SMU (Slovakia) and Ukrmetrteststandart (Ukraine). The purpose of this key comparison was to establish the equivalence of measurements of electrolytic conductivity performed at the National Metrology Institutes of COOMET member states for the value of 0.5 S/m. The results can be used to support the CMCs claims over the range of 0.1 S/m to 1.3 S/m. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


The average speed of nuclear translocation of 3T3 cells, recorded in a time‐lapse film of a perfused culture, was negatively correlated with the number of contacting cells, and, to a lesser degree, with the amount of a cell's perimeter in contact with other cells. When a cell was in contact with five or more other cells, its speed was reduced by 50%, on the average, although the variation in individual cell speed was considerable at each level of contact. A partial correlation analysis showed that any extracellular soluble factors governed by the local cell density had little or no effect on speed, relative to the prominent effect of the number of cell‐cell contacts, and hence that 3T3 cells display true contact inhibition of speed. This confirms the original demonstration by Abercrombie and Heaysman (1952), who studied chick embryo heart fibrpolasts. In our study, the relationships between average speed and age of the culture was such that a possible independent contribution of a time‐associated factor other than contact to the diminution in average speed, although not necessary to account for the data, could not be excluded.


In creating a learning environment, it is necessary to look at all factors that impact the development of students. The physical, intellectual, and emotional aspects of the environment must be considered. The physical characteristics of the room impact those who work within. Some of the characteristics are set and must be incorporated into the educator's plans. Other characteristics (such as furniture arrangement, displays, and accessories) can be changed and are at the discretion of the educator. The intellectual environment of the classroom includes the standards, expectations, objectives, learning strategies, and assessment that are expressed directly through the written curriculum and covertly through the hidden curriculum. Individual differences among students and teachers need to be recognized and addressed, including learning styles, abilities, interests, and patterns of intelligences (Gardner, 1999). The emotional environment of the classroom is comprised of feelings of safety, support, and respect. Management, discipline, and motivation are important aspects of the emotional environment. The cultural impact is also important to recognize. This includes diversity in social class, race, ethnicity, and gender (Woolfolk, 1998).


The effects of long‐term treatment with oestrogen/progestogen preparations were assessed in 16 patients presenting with hirsutism but without virilism; these comprised 12 patients with "idiopathic" hirsutism, one of whom had amenorrhoea due to pituitary gonadotrophin deficiency, and four patients with the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome. Regression of hair growth was observed only in those with normal ovaries and elevated urinary excretion of 17‐oxosteroids. Patients who responded favourably to a preparation with a high oestrogen content failed to do so when a low oestrogen preparation was substituted.


Sentiment analysis is considered to be a category of machine learning and natural language processing. It is used to extricate, recognize, or portray opinions from different content structures, including news, audits and articles and categorizes them as positive, neutral and negative. It is difficult to predict election results from tweets in different Indian languages. We used Twitter Archiver tool to get tweets in Hindi language. We performed data (text) mining on 42,235 tweets collected over a period of a month that referenced five national political parties in India, during the campaigning period for general state elections in 2016. We made use of both supervised and unsupervised approaches. We utilized Dictionary Based, Naive Bayes and SVM algorithm to build our classifier and classified the test data as positive, negative and neutral. We identified the sentiment of Twitter users towards each of the considered Indian political parties. The results of the analysis for Naive Bayes was the BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party), for SVM it was the BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party) and for the Dictionary Approach it was the Indian Nathional Congress. SVM predicted a 78.4% chance that the BJP would win more elections in the general election due to the positive sentiment they received in tweets. As it turned out, BJP won 60 out of 126 constituencies in the 2016 general election, far more than any other political party as the next party (the Indian National Congress) only won 26 out of 126 constituencies.


The invention discloses a low-shrinkage sprayable PP/PS blend alloy and a preparation method thereof. The low-shrinkage sprayable PP/PS blend alloy is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30 to 45 percent of polypropylene resin, 25 to 30 percent of styrene resin, 6 to 12 percent of graft compatilizer, 4 to 8 percent of toughening agent, 15 to 20 percent of functional filler, 0.2 to 0.5 percent of antioxidant, and 0.2 to 1 percent of lubricant. The forming shrinkage of the low-shrinkage sprayable PP/PS blend alloy is as low as 0.7 to 0.9 percent and is closed to the level of ABS, and the low-shrinkage sprayable PP/PS blend alloy can directly replace the ABS under the condition of no die repair and does not influence the appearance of an injection molding product.


Periodic modulations are seen in normal pulsars (P > 0.1 s) over timescales ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. Such modulations have usually been associated with the phenomenon of subpulse drifting. A number of recent studies have shown subpulse drifting to exhibit very specific physical characteristics: (i) drifting is seen only in conal components of the pulse profile and is absent in central core emission; (ii) drifting pulsars are distributed over a narrow range of spin-down energy loss ( ), where pulsars with 2 × 1032 erg s−1 show this behavior; and (iii) drifting periodicity (P3) is anti-correlated with , such that pulsars with lower values of tend to have longer P3. These detailed characterizations of drifting behavior, on the other hand, also revealed the presence of other distinct periodic modulations, which can be broadly categorized into two types, periodic nulling, and periodic amplitude modulation. In contrast to drifting, these periodic phenomena are seen across the entire profile in both the core and conal components simultaneously and are not restricted to any specific range. In this work we have assembled an exhaustive list of around 70 pulsars that show such periodic modulations, 22 of which were newly detected using observations from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and the remaining compiled from past publications. The presence of such a significant group in the pulsar population suggests periodic modulations to be newly emergent phenomena in pulsars, with a physical origin that is distinct from that of subpulse drifting.


The invention relates to a mullion-transom structure (1) comprising a supporting profiled element (2), on which at least one filling element (6) is retained at the edge, and comprising a pressing strip (8), by means of which the at least one filling element (6) is pressed toward the supporting profiled element (2), wherein the pressing strip (8) is retained on the supporting profiled element (2) by means of at least one fastening element (10) and the at least one fastening element (10) engages in a groove (4) on the supporting profiled element (2), wherein the groove (4) has an undercut design and the at least one fastening element (10) is slidably retained in the groove (4) by means of a head segment (11). The fastening element (10) has a bolt, which is fastened to the head segment (11), wherein the head segment (11) is pivotably retained at the groove (4) of the supporting profiled element in a pre-mounted position. The invention further relates to a method for assembling a mullion-transom structure (1).