Thispaperpresents anonlinear controller based speedcontrol ofan interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)incorporating maximumtorqueperampere (MTPA)basedfluxcontrol. The controller designed from standard motormodelwithconstant mechanical parameters will leadtoanunsatisfactory prediction oftheperformance ofan interior permanentmagnetmotorowingto thechangeof mechanical parameters particularly, fordifferent loadconditions. Inthiswork,anadaptive backstepping basedcontrol technique hasbeendeveloped foranIPMSM,wherein field control willbe takeninto account atthedesign stage ofthecontroller. Thus,itis robust todynamic uncertainties anddoesnotrequire knowledge ofthemechanical parameters ofthesystem. The proposed controller incorporates bothtorque andfluxcontrols. Inaddition thecontroller canreject anyboundedimmeasurable disturbances entering thesystem. Voltage level control inputs aredesigned using backstepping design methodology. Theperformance ofthe proposed adaptive backstepping basednonlinear controller is tested bothinsimulation andexperiment fora 5 hpmotorat different operating conditions. The results showthatitcan compensate allthemechanical parameters variation dueto changing operating condition sothatnopriori knowledge ofreal- timeparameters isrequired. Therobustness ofthecontroller and itsprospective real-time industrial drive application isevidenced bytheresults.


Abstract Several measurement approaches for assessing the belief underpinnings of the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980; Fishbein and Ajmn, 1975), a cognitive model used extensively to understand the determinants of health behaviors, were compared empirically. Specifically, beliefs about condom use were examined in order to determine (a) whether one's own beliefs or a set of modal beliefs are stronger predictors of global measures of attitude toward behavior, subjective norm. and behavioral intention, and (b) whether measures of the perceived importance, accessibility, or cumulative serial sums of individuallyderived behavioral and normative beliefs yield superior predictions of their respective global constructs, as well as behavioral intention, than do the standard modal belief measures. Results suggest that although individuallyderived beliefs are marginally stronger predictors than their modal counterparts, practical considerations may outweigh the modest gain in predictive accuracy.


Field association (FA) terms are used to identify the subject of text (document field) by extracting specific words in that text. In this paper we use FA terms to study the effect of time change on specific terms by calculating the frequency of this terms, which associated with the archive field in a specific period. This paper also introduces a new approach for automatic evaluation of the stabilization classes using non-linear approach. The stabilization classes refer to the changing of FA terms with time in a specific period. The new approach improves the performance of decision tree than linear approach by using non-linear approach. The corpus that used in this approach has number of 1,356 files, and it is about 7.49 MB, after comparing the presented approach with the traditional one, we conclusion that the new approach enhanced the F-measure for increment, steady, decrement classes by 7.7%, 3.1%, 2.2%, sequentially.


The loose coupling and distributed nature of service-oriented architecture (SOA) can easily lead to trustworthiness problem of service composition. The current Web service composition trustworthiness evaluation method is biased towards the service provider itself, while ignoring the trustworthiness of the service discoverer and user. This paper mainly studies a multi-angle Web service composition trustworthiness evaluation method, comprehensively considers the three aspects of Web service composition, and uses the service finder to expand the service center. The experiment proves that this kind of trustworthiness evaluation method of Web service composition can improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of trustworthiness evaluation.


An award winning researcher who pioneered the use of laser scanning confocal endomicroscopy in the United Kingdom to detect and treat early bowel cancer faked the results of a study published in the journal Gut , a General Medical Council panel was told this week.

Paul Hurlstone, a consultant gastroenterologist at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust until August 2008, was the lead author on the study, published in February 2008.

His research was featured on the BBC News website and in the Health Service Journal . But the paper was retracted at the request of all the authors in November …


This article provides a review of one public sector employer's challenge with the emerging issue of sexual addiction in the workplace. The emergence of sexual addiction in this workplace is examined; the current legal standing on the question "Should evidence of a sexual addiction mitigate employee discipline" is reviewed; and recommendations for a proactive employer response is provided.


Abstract: Image Encryption using AES Algorithm is a technique to secure the confidentiality of images. One of the most popular and secure encryption algorithms is the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. It is a symmetric encryption algorithm that encrypts data using a 128-bit block cipher. In this process, the image is first converted into a binary format. Then, a random 128-bit key is generated, which is used to create a sequence of subkeys that will be used for each round of encryption. The binary image is then divided into 128-bit blocks, and the encryption algorithm is applied to each block using the subkeys generated earlier. This process ensures that the image is encrypted securely and is only accessible to those who have the key to decrypt it. One of the advantages of using AES is that it provides a high level of security, making it difficult for hackers to decrypt the encrypted data. Additionally, AES is a fast algorithm and can be implemented easily in hardware or software. The use of AES for image encryption ensures that the image is protected against unauthorized access and provides a secure way of transmitting sensitive images over the internet. Thus we can say that Image Encryption using AES Algorithm is a secure and efficient way to protect the confidentiality of images. It uses AES, a widely used encryption algorithm, to encrypt images securely, making it difficult for hackers to decrypt them without the key.


In this work, we demonstrate saturated photon detection efficiency with narrow NbN nanowires and SNAPs to boost the signal-to-noise ratio, and we demonstrate a stabilizing choke inductance that is part of the optically-active area.


Operating regions for primary coolant feed and bleed cooling are developed for the Midland Plant using core decay heat, the high-pressure injection (HPI) system capacity, and flow rate relief through the power-operated relief valve (PORV). This mode of cooling is used for accident scenarios in which the normal core cooling means of a nuclear power plant is lost because of loss of water inventory in the steam generators. The HPI flow is based on the capacities of one and two pumps. Saturated steam, saturated water, and subcooled water are considered to be possible states of the fluid being relieved through the PORV. In estimating the PORV relief rate, flow equations are derived from the Electric Power Research Institute test data obtained from the same model and size valve that is used in the Midland Plant. For easy reference by operators, the operating region is displayed on a plane of reactor coolant system pressure and temperature. The technique developed for the Midland Plant provides a convenient method for examining the feed and bleed cooling capability for a nuclear power plant that employs a pressurized water reactor system.


Objective To study clinical results and methods of the posterior reduction and fixation with pedicle screw internal fixation combined with threaded interbody fusion cage for lumbar vertebral spondylolisthesis. Methods Twenty-one patients with lumbar vertebral spondylolisthesis, who had severe symptoms, were involved posterior decompression, reduction and fixation,among them,16 received combined with single posterolateral threaded fusion, 5 with transforminal lumbar threaded interbody fusion; the 21 cases were followed up from six months to twenty-four months(averaged 14 months). Results Satisfactory reduction were in 8 cases with Ⅰ° spondylolisthesis; among 13 cases with Ⅱ°spondylolisthesis, 7 were anatomic reductin, 6 were still Ⅰ° spondyloptosis. The bony fusion was achieved in all the cases. According to clinical evaluation, excellent results were seen in 14 cases, good results in 5 cases, fair results in 2 cases; the excellent and good rate was 94%. Conclusion Applying the posterior pedicle screw internal fixation combined with interbody threaded fusion cage may achive synergism in the treatment of lumbar vertebral spondylolisthesis. Above procedure is served as solid interal fixation and offeres a satisfactory reduction, and can improve the fusion rate of the spine, thus is ideal procedure and worthy of being recommended method for treatment of lumbar vertebral spondylolisthesis.


Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is one of the most common neurological complications in hematology‐oncology pediatric patients. Despite an increasingly recognized occurrence, no clear consensus exists regarding how best to manage the syndrome, because most cases of PRES have reported in single‐case reports or small series. Aim of this paper is to identify incidence, clinical features, management, and outcome of PRES in a large series of hematology‐oncology pediatric patients.


Ultrathin colloidal PbS nanosheets are synthesized using organometallic precursors with chloroalkane cosolvents, resulting in tunable thicknesses ranging from 1.2 nm to 4.6 nm. We report the first thickness-dependent photoluminescence spectra from lead-salt nanosheets. The one-dimensional confinement energy of these quasi-two-dimensional nanosheets is found to be proportional to 1/L instead of 1/L 2 ( L is the thickness of the nanosheet), which is consistent with results calculated using density functional theory as well as tight-binding theory.


The purpose of this research is to Know the Arrangements About Buying and Selling Shares, How Legitimate Selling and Selling of Shares. As well as to find out the Step in Settlement of Sales and Purchase Dispute of Company Shares This type of research in this journal is Normative Juridical. Arrangements for buying and selling of shares are regulated in law number 40 of 2007 concerning limited liability companies and the Civil Code and other laws. The validity of the Sale and Purchase of Shares is in accordance with the applicable regulations stipulated in Article 1457 of the Civil Code regarding the sale and purchase of shares while the shares are regulated in articles 40.41.42, and 43 KUHD. Settlement of disputes over the sale and purchase of company shares is resolved through 2 (two) channels, namely through deliberation and settlement through judicial channels.


The aim of this study was to develop an approach for the processing of agricultural and organic wastes to produce alcoholic fuels such as ethanol and butanol. The cellulosic materials wheat straw (WS), rice straw (RS), and corn stover (CS) were pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) individually, and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) was treated with dilute H2SO4 and then fermented. The results indicated that pretreatment in acidic condition was best to produce fermentable sugar. However, the high glucose concentration was achieved in C. vulgaris (32 g/L) and WS (20.6 g/L) among lignocellulosic biomass. The microalga that was grown in the nutrient deficient condition had a carbohydrate content of 51% ± 2.1. After fermentation, high concentration of ethanol 9.5 g/L (yield 93.7%) and butanol contents of 7.4 g/L (yield 91.3%) were recorded in wheat straw, whereas C. vulgaris yielded ethanol and butanol concentrations of 14 g/L and 11.8 g/L respectively. The results may help to increase the production of biofuels and reduce the need for imported fuels.


Most of the educational administration chooses class web-site have the problems like overload information and resource isotropic,so,it is a question of urgent personalized web-site design to be solved which needs to recommend useful information to them by analyzing the visitor's history records.In the paper some research on the personalization of web content recommendation by using Bayes theorem and Filter algorithm are made.It can recommend the latest information to web browsers and reduce the time spending on browsing the web,and adapt the interesting of them.


(1) Only in recent years with the fast development of modern computers has the analysis of ecological systems become a practical possibility. Systems analysis implies a description of the system and its processes, i.e. a development of a model representing the real system, the behavior of which closely resembles that of the real system. Two broad categories of models can be distinguished capable of predicting acidification: "Research models" and "Management models". In acidification research, models of the first type have proven useful in their hypothesis-generating role as well as in improving our understanding of the important mechanisms of acidification. Management models, in turn, can significantly assist in the evaluation of emission control strategies. There are two basic ways of using a prediction model in a decision-making context; scenario analysis and optimization analysis. The different ways to use prediction models are discussed.

(2) The principal objective of the RAINS model, being developed at IIASA, is to assist in the evaluation of policies for controlling the acidification of Europe's environment. As part of this task, a dynamic model has been developed for describing the key processes assumed to be important in determining the long-term dynamics of surface water acidification. The input data available on a large regional scale are few. The model is regionalized by selecting input combinations from feasible ranges or frequency distributions. Monte Carlo techniques are used to determine those combinations of parameters that produce the observed present-day lake acidity distribution for each individual region, when the model is driven by a specified historical deposition. The ensembles obtained in this filtering procedure for each lake region are then used for the scenario analysis. The model runs, assuming different future energy-emission scenarios, suggest that all reductions in emissions are likely to reduce also the number of lakes being threatened by acidic deposition. In conclusion, the Monte Carlo method seems to provide a working tool for the application of catchment models on a large regional scale.


ABSTRACT This article considers the pedagogical practice of the Special Collections staff team at the University of Sussex and the impact of the group visit experience on student learning. It addresses our current group visit teaching offer to students at the University of Sussex and our move to a more student-led active learning approach. It considers the use of the 'pedagogical toolkit' including technology within the classroom, and the creation of a document identification form to encourage critical thinking. Our aim for any group visit is to provide a positive first experience and get students enthused about using archives. In 2017 we undertook our own impact study, detailed within the article, to follow the student journey with the intention of finding out if students returned to use archives for their studies as a result of their group visit. Moving forward, this article considers our future activities in response to the impact study and institutional initiatives.


Sea surface temperature variations along the entire U.S. East Coast from 1875 to 2007 are characterized using a collection of historical observations from lighthouses and lightships combined with recent buoy and shore-based measurements. Long-term coastal temperature trends are warming in the Gulf of Maine [1.0 86 0.38C (100 yr) 21 ] and Middle Atlantic Bight [0.7 86 0.38C (100 yr) 21 ], whereas trends are weakly cooling or not significant in the South Atlantic Bight [20.1 86 0.38C (100 yr) 21 ] and off Florida [20.3 86 0.28C (100 yr) 21 ]. Over the last century, temperatures along the northeastern U.S. coast have warmed at a rate 1.8‐ 2.5 times the regional atmospheric temperature trend but are comparable to warming rates for the Arctic and Labrador, the source of coastal ocean waters north of Cape Hatteras (368N). South of Cape Hatteras, coastal ocean temperature trends match the regional atmospheric temperature trend. The observations and a simple model show that along-shelf transport, associated with the mean coastal current system running from Labrador to Cape Hatteras, is the mechanism controlling long-term temperature changes for this region and not the local air‐sea exchange of heat.


Lake eutrophication is a large and growing problem in many parts of the world, commonly due to anthropogenic sources of nutrients. Improved quantification of nutrient inputs is required to address this problem, including better determination of exchanges between groundwater and lakes. This first of a two‐part review provides a brief history of the evolution of the study of groundwater exchange with lakes, followed by a listing of the most commonly used methods for quantifying this exchange. Rates of exchange between lakes and groundwater compiled from the literature are statistically summarized for both exfiltration (flow from groundwater to a lake) and infiltration (flow from a lake to groundwater), including per cent contribution of groundwater to lake‐water budgets. Reported rates of exchange between groundwater and lakes span more than five orders of magnitude. Median exfiltration is 0.74 cm/day, and median infiltration is 0.60 cm/day. Exfiltration ranges from near 0% to 94% of input terms in lake‐water budgets, and infiltration ranges from near 0% to 91% of loss terms. Median values for exfiltration and infiltration as percentages of input and loss terms of lake‐water budgets are 25% and 35%, respectively. Quantification of the groundwater term is somewhat method dependent, indicating that calculating the groundwater component with multiple methods can provide a better understanding of the accuracy of estimates. The importance of exfiltration to a lake budget ranges widely for lakes less than about 100 ha in area but generally decreases with increasing lake area, particularly for lakes that exceed 100 ha in area. No such relation is evident for lakes where infiltration occurs, perhaps because of the smaller sample size. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model discloses an aircraft cowling shell, which comprises a shell main body. The shell main body is formed by the connecting of an end head cap, a honeycomb interlayer barrel body and a bottom end frame in sequence; the end head cap is a solid structure which is formed by an inner glass fiber laying layer, a middle glass cloth sandwich laying layer and an outer glass fiber laying layer; the honeycomb interlayer barrel body comprises an inner glass fiber panel, an aramid fiber paper honeycomb sandwich layer and an outer glass fiber panel; the aramid fiber paper honeycomb sandwich layer is combined by a plurality of aramid fiber paper honeycomb blocks so as to form a grid-like exhaust path between the inner glass fiber panel and the outer glass fiber panel; the grid-like exhaust path is embedded with a ventilating block with exhaust through holes; and an integrated laying forming structure is formed between the inner glass fiber laying layer and the inner glass fiber panel as well as between the outer glass fiber laying layer and the outer glass fiber panel. A plurality of functions of penetrating waves, loading, light, thermal protecting and exhaust are integrated so that the aircraft cowling shell can be widely applied in aeronautical and astronautical vehicles.


We study the dynamics of hardcore spin models on the square and triangular lattice, obtained by analogy to hard spheres, where the translational degrees of freedom of the spheres are replaced by orientational degrees of freedom of spins on a lattice and the packing fraction as a control parameter is replaced by an exclusion angle. In equilibrium, both models exhibit a KosterlitzThouless transition at an exclusion angle ∆KT. We devise compression protocols for hardcore spins and find that any protocol that changes the exclusion angle nonadiabatically, if endowed with only local dynamics, fails to compress random initial states beyond a jamming angle ∆J > ∆KT. This coincides with a doubly algebraic divergence of the relaxation time of compressed states towards equilibrium. We identify a remarkably simple mechanism underpinning jamming: topological defects involved in the phase ordering kinetics of the system become incompatible with the hardcore spin constraint, leading to a vanishing defect mobility as ∆→ ∆J.


Work continues at the Morgantown pilot preparation facility to upgrade system components. Batch-scale operations should commence in the next quarter on in-house beneficiation testing of collected samples from the District 3, District 7, and District 10 commercial preparation plants. The remainder of the basic chemical characterization of field samples for the contract also occurred during the report period, and this data (for Illinois No. 6 seam samples) is included in this report. Only the black-water bulk sample for the District 10 plant remains to be analyzed. This sample was processed and submitted for characterization tests. The primary focus of this report period, as documented herein, was on the mineralogical quantitification/semiquantification of the District 3 Pittsburgh seam coal samples. An in-depth discussion of the combined-techniques-mineralogical-quantification (CTMQ) of major coal-associated minerals in this coal, and a review of how standardized equations and data were derived is contained in this progress report. To facilitate presentation of the data, many of the interpretive aspects of the complicated procedure of cross-checking CTMQ techniques are presented in Appendix A and Appendix B. Additional contract documentation for financial and milestone information is presented in Appendix C.


Using data obtained from the U.S. Bureau of the Census the author develops two models to explain movement between municipios in Puerto Rico between 1935 and 1940. The effects of selected economic and noneconomic factors on the variation in both in- and out-migration rates are examined. In addition the hypothesis that in-migration for the period would be more directed and less difficult to predict than out-migration is investigated (ANNOTATION)


We search for three non-zero distinct integers a, b, c such that, if a non-zero integer is added to the sum of any pair of them as well as to their sum, the results are all squares. Index Terms – Diophantine Problem, Integer Triple, System of Equations.


Authors' contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane – analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary Background. A combined genetic and geographic analysis facilitates the discovery of one's ethnic background by studying the closest ancestors and those who lived thousands of years ago. The following article describes a practical application of doing geographic research on a person's history. The objective of the study is to demonstrate the capacity of genetic and geographic analysis in the identification of the ethnic background of one of the article's coauthors. Material and methods. A combined analysis of genetic alleles and geographic location was performed. A buccal smear from the inside of the cheek was done for a further study that was performed in Medical Genomix laboratory, USA. The material was collected at Mother and Child laboratory, Kyiv. Results. The genetic profile of the examined person was presented. The available alleles, detected by markers, are specific enough to a particular historical group (nation), which enables determining the percentage of ancestors of an individual under study in a particular region. Conclusions. Combined genetic and geographic research may serve both as a source of information on the ethnic origin of a particular person and as a tool while studying some places and geographic locations.


This paper reports the present results of a research on unsupervised Persian morpheme discovery. In this paper we present a method for discovering the morphemes of Persian language through automatic analysis of corpora. We utilized a Minimum Description Length (MDL) based algorithm with some improvements and applied it to Persian corpus. Our improvements include enhancing the cost function using some heuristics, preventing the split of high frequency chunks, exploiting penalty for first and last letters and distinguishing pre-parts and post-parts. Our improved approach has raised the precision, recall and f-measure of discovery by respectively %32, %17 and %23.


This chapter argues that a detailed reading of Octavia E. Butler's 'Xenogenesis' series clarifies how, notwithstanding the challenges to its being and its agency by technical legality, responsibility to becoming can allow the technical legal subject to live well in the present. The technical legal subject is revealed as a node within the networks, a blob of natureculture, a nexus point for biopolitical operations. Through Butler's narrative of Lilith and her monstrous, hybrid human-alien children possibilities for the technical legal subject to be 'embodied' within a 'location' and 'navigate' the networks of the present emerge. Not only is agency empowered, notwithstanding the weight of the technical networks and the inclination to automation, but so is a form of ethics. Butler's afrofuturism present a powerful affirmation that knowing and acting well to nurture life remains ever present, even in technical legality.


This paper introduces a Chinese summarizier called ThemePicker. Though the system incorporates both statistical and text analysis models, the statistical model plays a major role during the automated process. In addition to word segmentation and proper names identification, phrasal chunk extraction and content density calculation are based on a semantic network pre-constructed for a chosen domain. To improve the readability of the extracted sentences as auto-generated summary, a shallow parsing algorithm is used to eliminate the semantic redundancy.


A rice floral mutant with twin-ovary and dwarf plant was isolated from the progenies of the combination of C2/Mianxiang 5B.By anatomical observations,the mutant was characterized with the phenotypes of fewer stamens,more pistils and stigmas,twin-ovary,malformed embryo sac,as well as stamen-originated pistils.Due to its exceeding sterility,the mutation was maintained by heterozygotes,and it was also inherited stably after five generations of self-pollination.The segregation ratio of wild type plants to mutant plants in the population degenerated from heterozygotes was 3∶1,indicating that the mutant is controlled by a single recessive gene,and designated tentatively as TOR.


Presents and further develops a theory of community inquiry that seeks to explicate how individual motivations and actions can lead to larger coordinated action, including the kind of community understanding called for by pragmatists such as Dewey and Peirce. We see types of inquiry as definable primarily across two dimensions, tie strengths and community association, and propose that a progression from individual to coordinated to community inquiry is necessary to achieve fuller participation in civic life.


This study aimed to verify the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement, and the role of organizational justice as a mediator of that relationship. The research design was a cross-sectional design. The sample was 813 teachers of high schools and vocational high schools in East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. This study used the structural equation modeling for data analysis. This study found that servant leadership was positively related to organizational justice while servant leadership was not significantly related to work engagement. Organizational justice was positively related to work engagement. Organizational justice fully mediated the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement.

Received: 26 July 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022


Attention has recently focussed on MgB2 superconductors (Tc~39K) which can be formed into wires with high material density and viable critical current densities (Jc)1. However, broader utilisation of this diboride and many others is likely to occur when facile synthesis for bulk applications is developed. To date, common synthesis methods include high temperature sintering of mixed elemental powders2, combustion synthesis3, mechano-chemical mixing with high temperature sintering4 and high pressure (~GPa region) with high temperature. In this work, we report on a lower temperature, moderate (<4MPa) pressure method to synthesise metal diborides.


Objectives. To define the presence and severity of anxiety and depression stress and assess the impact produced on the life quality in subjects with CHF secondary to registered macrofocal (Q wave) myocardial infarction in medical history. Material and methods. General clinical examinations, psychological testing. Results. A total of 118 patients with II, III FC NYHA chronic heart failure were examined. Anxiety and depression events were defined in 46.6% of cases. As heart failure progresses, anxiety and depression symptoms increase, with the prevalence of anxiety in the presence of FC II and depression in the presence of FC III. Life quality in patients with concomitant anxiety and depression stress is significantly worse compared to patients with normal psychoemotional state. Conclusion. Thus, individuals with CHF showed psychoemotional changes including anxiety and depression stress, which may adversely affect CHF course. Anxiety and depression symptoms increase as heart failure progresses.


A simple synthetic method for 5H-pyrido[4, 3-b]indole (γ-carboline) derivatives having a methoxycarbonyl group at the 4-position was developed based on 1-hydroxyindole chemistry. By applying the method, various 3-substituted metyl 5H-pyrido[4, 3-b]indole-4-carboxylates and 2-substituted methyl 2, 3-dihydro-3-oxo-5H-pyrido[4, 3-b]indole-4-carboxylates were prepared.


This paper discusses the characteristics of farmland resources and forecasts population development and consumption in Guangdong province in 2010; analyses the actual production capacity, potential production capacity and development of farmland resources and grain yield in 2010. It is concluded that population will be likely to exceed 83 million, consumption level will be raised, foodstuff self-support will be only at 70%, and population bearing capacity will be overloaded. At last, the paper puts forward some measures to raise population bearing capacity.


The IJME editorial in the January-March 2011 (1) issue calls on the Indian Medical Association (IMA) to reform itself in order to be able to play a more proactive role in health activism in the country. As the largest body representing (allopathic) doctors in India, the IMA can use the leverage of numbers and presence across the country to push for much needed health reform. This would be in line with its theme for the year as mentioned on its website (2) "Be in Health, Be active in Public Health." For this, the IMA needs to go beyond its current narrow focus on its primary constituency, doctors in private practice, to a more comprehensive approach to public health in the country.


that they retain a liability to develop the symptoms of the malabsorption syndrome. Recently M. K. M. Lindsay and his colleagues'4 have studied 25 adult patients who had suffered from coeliac disease in childhood, and they found that four of them still suffer from active disease with relapses, while another four have minor degrees of malabsorption. They conclude that "coeliac disease is a chronic relapsing illness." Finally, M. Shiner and her colleagues have shown that the pathological changes in the small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease and adult idiopathic steatorrhoea are the same."5-7 On the other hand, tropical sprue appears to be a separate disease. There are some tropical areas where sprue is very common and others where it is rare. During the Burma campaign there were outbreaks among British and Indian troops which assumed epidemic proportions."8 Patients with tropical sprue eventually recover completely when removed to a temperate climate. They are not sensitive to gluten. Lastly, it has been shown that repeated courses of antibiotics bring about a cure of tropical sprue, though they are ineffective in idiopathic steatorrhoea.19


Under the assumption of temperature-invariant properties, this paper explores the influence of a finite heated length on the heat transfer characteristics of laminar flows through thick-watted circular tubes. This conjugate problem, having a uniform temperature applied at the outer surface of the tube, is governed by four dimensionless groups: the length of the heated region, the Peclet number, the solid-fluid conductivity ratio, and the radii ratio of the tube wall. Using a finite difference procedure with control volume discretization, it was found that the inclusion of the two-dimensional conduction model at the wall tends to distort the distributions of the mean bulk temperature of the fluid and the solid-fluid interface temperature at low Peclet number flows. As a result, heat transfer rates between the tube watt and the fluid stream are significantly altered. In addition, it was found that for situations in which Pe > 200, the conjugate nature of the problem relying on one-dimensional wall conductio...


This paper aims at applying the adaptive Tikhonov regularization to realize the simultaneous identification of structural physical parameters and input based on dynamic response sensitivity. The theories of the simultaneous identification algorithm and the adaptive Tikhonov regularization were first briefly introduced, and then a twelve story shear frame was studied for validating the proposed method. Numerical simulations with noisy measured accelerations show that the proposed method can accurately identify structural parameters and unknown support excitation from only several responses of the structure, and this method can provide a new approach for structural model updating or damage detection with unknown input and incomplete measured output information.


Co-Mn binary alloys are stable to be the fcc phase in the Co-rich composition for the bulk experiments [1]. In the case of films, bcc Co-Mn films were successfully grown on optimum substrates such as GaAs and MgO in the Co-rich composition [2, 3]. The fcc Co-Mn shows antiferromagnetic behavior, on the other hand, the bcc Co-Mn shows ferromagnetic behavior. The systematical investigation of the bcc Co-Mn is still lacking. In this study, the exchange bias properties of bcc Co-Mn and IrMn were investigated. Samples were prepared by the ultra high vacuum magnetron sputtering. The stacking structures were MgO(100) sub./ Co-Mn (3)/ IrMn (10)/ Ru (3) (thickness is in nm). All layers were deposited at the room temperature (RT) and the in-situ post annealing temperature (Ta) for the Co-Mn layer was changed from RT to 500oC. Ex-situ annealing was done after the deposition of Ru capping layer in a magnetic field of 5 kOe. The nominal film composition of Co-Mn was Co75Mn25 (at.%). The crystalline structures were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties were measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Figure 1 shows the magnetization curve for the sample with in-situ and ex-situ annealing at 500 and 300oC, respectively. Saturation magnetization was 950 emu/cm at RT, which was smaller than the reported value [3]. The exchange bias shift of 490 Oe was observed for the annealed sample. Further annealing temperature dependence of the exchange bias will be presented. This work was partially supported by CREST (No. JPMJCR17J5), KAKENHI (No. 18074534).


Background/Purpose Thromboelastography's (TEG's) use in pediatric trauma patients is not widely studied. Identifying clotting cascade defects can direct decision making regarding blood product transfusion. Methods We performed a single-center retrospective review of all level 1 pediatric trauma patients. Data collected included demographics, diagnoses, Injury Severity Score, intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LOS), mortality, TEG values, and blood products received. We identified TEG values associated with mortality, ICU LOS, and need for blood product transfusion. Results A total of 237 trauma 1 patients were identified. After exclusions, 148 patients were included for analysis. Most patients were below TEG transfusion cut points. Patients with elevated reaction time, K value, and fibrinolysis at 30 minutes had increased odds of mortality with odds ratios of 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.40), 1.94 (95% CI, 1.23–3.05), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03–1.28), respectively. For ICU LOS, elevated reaction time, K value, and fibrinolysis at 30 minutes, α angle, and maximum amplitude demonstrated hazard ratios of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65–0.88), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.64–1.0), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88–0.99), 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02–1.08), and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.06), respectively. There was no association between TEG and blood product transfusion. Conclusions Coagulopathic patients based on TEG had higher mortality. All TEG values, as they moved toward transfusion-trigger cut points, were associated with increased mortality.


Concentrating solar power technology (CSP) will probably become increasingly present in power systems and will have to be included in generation adequacy studies. CSP has two special features which makes it different from other technologies: its daily and seasonal cycle and its possibility of storage. This study proposes a sequential Monte Carlo method, which includes series of possible trajectories of CSP production to find the capacity value of this technology. From the generated CSP production trajectories, values of loss of load probability, equivalent load carrying capacity and equivalent conventional power plant are calculated. Different hypotheses are considered, in order to study the effect of location of CSP plants, their storage capacity and demand profile on capacity credit. The study has a two fold objective: it intends to propose a way of including CSP in generation adequacy studies, and gives representative values of the contribution of this technology to overall power system reliability.


The present invention relates to a non-contact heat exchanger comprising heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger shell and a hollow, through heat exchange tubes disposed in the upper portion of the heat exchanger housing, with the heat exchange medium inlet end of the heat exchange tubes, other One end is provided with a heat exchange medium outlet; provided with a heat source medium inlet, an outlet and a heat medium inlet of the heat medium, the heat-source heat medium inlet and medium outlet are located below the heat transfer tubes, the heat transfer medium is lower than the boiling point of the heat medium heat exchanger housing temperature; the heat exchanger further comprising controlling the liquid level in the housing means below the liquid level control the heat transfer tubes. The present invention utilizes a phase change heat transfer medium between the heat medium and the heat transfer tubes, the heat transfer tubes to achieve heat medium non-contact heat exchanger, suitable for the field of civil or industrial waste water to recapture the waste heat exchange or corrosive thermal properties, the heat transfer tubes is easily corrosion, scaling, clogging problems.


The modeling techniques for business process are mostly graphics-based, that is argued to be simplified when the processes become too complex or expanded to provide full details. In this paper we propose a technique for modeling composite activities by including components of data, human actors and atomic activities. Furthermore, we represent business processes with composite activities using process-oriented languages. To explore the properties of the business processes under this modeling technique, we define a set of metrics that reflect the degree of data aggregation and human actor involvement of executing composite activities. Algorithms to calculate these metrics are derived based on the goal-directed nature of the modeling technique for composite activities and business processes. At last by providing a use case, we discuss the artifacts and future work for this modeling technique.


The paper has been retracted due to double publication. The original has been published in 1995 in 7th international symposium on experimentalmethods..., edited by Robert a. Schiffman (The Minirals,Metals& Materials Society,1995).


The purpose of this paper, using the idea of intuitionistic fuzzy set due to Atanassov [12], we define the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces due to Kramosil and Michalek [16] and Jungck's common fixed point theorem [7] is generalized to intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. Further, we prove the common fixed point theorem in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Metric Space using the property (S-B) , by using the notion of R-weakly commuting mappings of type (Ag) satisfying integral type inequality.


Physical exercise is frequently associated with positive affective responses – at least more intense exercise; the impact of low-intensity exercise is less researched. The exercise-affect relations ...


This paper discusses how to efficiently guide undergraduates to find and improve a topic of term paper.Most topics made by students do not focus on a special and hot research topic,and even some of them are not related to academic issues at all.The instructors should ask students to turn in the outline of term paper first,and give detailed suggestions to improve their topics.Moreover,undergraduates should collect and read abundant academic materials from the internet and digital libraries,and try to give their own academic comments to related works.Our teaching experiments show that comprehensive literature reading is vital to find a good topic for a term paper.


This paper proposes a flexible optimization method, based on state of the art algorithms, for the smart control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to balance wind power production. The problem is approached from the perspective of a balance responsible party (BRP) with a large share of wind power in its portfolio. The BRP uses controllable PHEVs to minimize the imbalance of its portfolio resulting from wind power forecast errors. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation in combination with dynamic programming is used to solve the multistage stochastic problem. The main difficulty for applying MDPs to this problem is to efficiently include time interdependence of the wind power forecast error. In the presented approach, the probability distribution and time interdependence of the forecast error are represented by a scenario tree. Because of the MDP formulation, the algorithm is adaptable to deal with different transition models and constraints. This feature enables to use the algorithm in a dynamic environment such as the future smart grid. To demonstrate this, a generic charging model for PHEVs is used in the BRP wind balancing case. The flexibility of the algorithm is shown by investigating the solution for different degrees of complexity in the charging model.


Knowing that nowadays many companies are integrating social media in their online marketing communication strategies, it is important to determine whether its usage has the ability to influence the consumers' perceptions towards brands. Starting from the assumption that social media marketing communication can influence the consumers' trust, affect and loyalty towards brands, this article aims to investigate the relationships between these four main concepts. The research developed for this purpose was conducted on a sample of 314 respondents and in order to validate the proposed conceptual model, the data analysis used structural equation modeling, based on variance method. The results point out that the importance given to the characteristics of social media marketing communications are directly related to brand trust and brand affect, the two main determinants of brand loyalty, as shown in the conceptual model.


The dependences of laser-induced isotopic discrimination effect on some of laser parameters were studied by the experimental and theoretical methods. This effect mainly stems from the discrepancy of the second-step transition probability between different isotopes. The method by which this effect is lessened or eliminated is given. The isotopic ratios of nature lutetium sample are determined by this method. The experimental results present that the degree of the laser induced isotopic discrimination of lutetium isotope can be lessened by this method.


Copper is quantitatively retained on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium (TDBA + )-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a chromatographic column in the pH range 7.1-10.7 at a flow rate of 2 mL/min from a large volume of its aqueous solution of various alloys and biological samples. The metal complex is desorbed with 1 M hydrochloric acid and determined by differential pulse polarography (DPP). The detection limit is 0.25 μg/mL (signal to noise ratio = 2) and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 0.7 - 28.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 and relative standard deviation of ± 0.88%. Characterization of the electroactive process included an examination of the degree of reversibility. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, volume of aqueous phase and interference of a large number of metal ions on the determination of copper have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for its determination in various alloys and biological samples. The method may also be applied for the determination of copper in various environmental samples.


To address the challenge of optimizing the placement of actuators on an asymmetric spacecraft continuum system, this paper develops a rigid–flexible electromechanical coupling dynamic model that integrates the interactions among rigidity, flexibility, and electromechanical coupling effects. The model is constructed using ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations (ODE–PDEs) and considers the effects of the installation position and physical characteristics (mass and stiffness) of the piezoelectric (PZT) actuator on an asymmetric flexible spacecraft continuum system. The proposed model aims to accurately capture the complex interactions among the rigid body, flexible appendages, and PZT actuators. Based on the developed model, the installation location of the actuators is optimized using a genetic algorithm with a hybrid optimization criterion. In the numerical simulations, the proposed optimization algorithm is employed to determine the optimal installation position for the actuators. Then, the influence of the actuator's physical characteristics and installation position on the dynamic properties of the spacecraft and the performance of the control system is investigated. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the optimization algorithm can effectively identify the appropriate actuator installation location for the desired application. Utilizing the actuator with the optimized position allows for effective vibration suppression while consuming less energy.


In vehicle-to-vehicle environment, vehicles interchange traffic data with each other. In this paper, three sampling methods in data stream theory are exploited in order to construct summarizations for these original data, since the original data are potentially unbounded in size and are impossible and unfeasible to be stored directly on the disk. Then traffic states, such as speed on any road, can be estimated based on the summarizations instead of the original data. The two measurements, absolute biases of speed and cover rates of information obtained from the constructed summarizations, are used in validating three methods' feasibility. Preliminary simulation results show three methods are feasible to some extent.


Spinal cord transection: a quantitative analysis of elements of the connective tissue matrix formed within the site of lesion following administration of piromen, cytoxan or trypsin


Abstract Squeeze cast AJ62 magnesium alloy exhibits a fine grained microstructure in the thin skin region and a coarse grained microstructure in the central region. Potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments have been performed to investigate the corrosion resistances of the AJ62 alloys in a salt solution and engine coolant. Comparison of the electrochemical behaviour in the fine and coarse grained AJ62 alloys indicates that the AJ62 alloy with fine microstructure presents better corrosion resistance.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the X band (9.68 GHz) of a small concentration of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ in bismuth telluride ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ has been examined at room and liquid-helium temperature. The overall zero-field splitting of the ground state is 0.133 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at room temperature and 0.146 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at 4.2 K. The EPR data show that the ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ site has a ${\mathit{C}}_{3\mathit{v}}$ symmetry indicating a true substitution of ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}$ atoms by ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$. The hyperfine structure in the paramagnetic resonance spectrum of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ was resolved and a nuclear spin of 3/2 was found for the $^{155}\mathrm{Gd}$ isotopes.


Data supporting the paper Hillary et al. "Genetic and epigenetic architectures of neurological protein biomarkers in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936" (In submission). Specifically GWAS proteins.


Evolution of HCN from both rice (Oryza sativa) and cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum) seeds increased during a pre-germination period and preceded the evolution of (C2H4). These two species were adopted as the representatives of starchy and fatty seeds, respectively. Ethylene promotes seed germination of many species. However, HCN evolution declined abruptly when the radicles emerged and before the peak in C2H4 evolution. More-over, both rice and soybean (Glycine max) seeds showed some activity of β-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS, EC 184.108.40.206) even in the unimbibed dry state. The activities of CAS in the lower seed of cocklebur and in soybean seeds increased rapidly after emergence of the radicle. However, the CAS of rice seeds, with high activity in the dry state, exhibited a bimodal change, gradually decreasing until radicle emergence had occurred, but then increaing. It is thus likly that HCN evolution during initial imbibition may be derived from cyanogenic reserves and controlled by both pre-existing and subsequently-developing CAS. The exogenous application of C2H4 stimulated the activities of CAS in both rice and upper cocklebur seeds and reduced their cyanogen contents. Therefore, the decline of HCN evolution after germination seems to be due to the increased activities of CAS by endogenously produced C2H4.


In this study we can conclude that Egyptian Female students prefer using and spending more time on Facebook compared to Twitter. Moreover, Facebook was mainly used for for engaging in social and religious - related issues but seem to keep Twitter for all what relates to political-related matters. In addition, Egyptian female students whether in cities or in villages were found to use their real identities and share personal information on Facebook more than Twitter? This might raise a question if they are less inclined to do so on Twitter in fear of revealing their identity being that they their use of Twitter is mainly for political-related issues. Although, Egyptian female students find that SNS have more positive effects than negative effects, they find that they have some downsides such as affecting their relationships with their families negatively and causing them to have sleep or nutrition disorders. This could be explained by the ways they are addicted to such platforms. For instance, we find that physiological and psychological involvement was the main indicator of students' addiction to Facebook followed by other indicators.


Justicia glauca Rottler, a medicinal plant belongs to dicotyledonous flowering plants family Acanthaceae. Plants from this family have been reported in the scientific literature to possess promising medicinal properties. The preliminary phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Justicia glauca Rottler total plant extracts were carried out using different organic solvents against some pathogenic bacteria viz., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that the petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Justicia glauca Rottler showed significant growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia at 100mg/ml concentration. The most active extracts were compared with the standard antibiotic Ampicillin. The highest zone of inhibition was recorded (13mm) at 100mg/ml concentration of petroleum ether and ethanol Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis respectively. This study revealed that the Justiscia glauca Rottler have a potential broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Combinations of extracts may be the best herbal antibiotics.


A self-closing wet laying method root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material system is composed of a root-puncture-resistant water-proof layer, a wet laying adhering layer and a self-closing adhering mortar layer from top to bottom. The root-puncture-resistant water-proof layer is one of lead-antimony-tin alloy water-proof coil material, composite copper tire base styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) modified asphalt water-proof coil material, copper foil tire SBS modified asphalt water-proof coil material, SBS modified asphalt root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) modified asphalt root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material, root-puncture-resistant polythene tire high-polymer modified asphalt water-proof coil material, root-puncture-resistant polrvinyl chloride water-proof coil material, root-puncture-resistant high-density polythene geomembrane, root-puncture-resistant aluminum tire polythene water-proof coil material and root-puncture-resistant polythene polypropylene fiber water-proof coil material. The wet laying adhering layer is one of glass fiber felt, polyester felt and composite felt. The self-closing wet laying method root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material system overcomes the defects that existing root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material needs to utilize hot melting to construct. According to the self-closing wet laying method root-puncture-resistant water-proof coil material system, self-closing adhering mortar is utilized as adhesion agents, by means of the formed water-proof system, cold construction is utilized, the adhering mortar layer not only has the water-proof function, but also has the effect of adhering agents, and the fact that just one-step construction achieves the two-layer water-proof effect is further achieved.


sion transformed Indian lifestyles but not worldviews while the internet reinforced indigenous knowledges. This broad-brush characterisation of Indian traditions is breathtakingly audacious: he argues that power and authority in Europe are fused because the Pope is both the head of the Roman Catholic Church (representing authority) and the Head of the Vatican State (representing power), while it is not possible to similarly imagine a head of a matha in India being elected president of the country (311). True enough, but surely there are few countries where the head of the religious order is also the head of state. In the last chapter, Dietmar Rothermund provides a birds'-eye view of the development of military technology in South Asia 'from chariot to atom bomb'. In an otherwise unobjectionable piece, it is strange to see him attribute the series of military coups in Pakistan merely to the lack of stature of Muhammad Ali Jinnah's successors (345). As befits a Festschrift for a scholar of as broad a range of interests as Kolff, these contributions reflect a refreshingly wide range of historical themes. However, it is also striking that none of the articles engage with recent developments in early modern Chinese and European history that they remain exclusively focused on debates within India and thereby serve to reinforce the insular character of Indian historiography despite the fact that the editors of the volume, in their own work, are fully engaged in world-historical debates. Ravi Arvind Palat, State University of New York at Binghamton


This paper makes a comparative study of blending, analogy and metaphor which go together on account of their conceptual domain mappings. Analogy operation is full of guesswork because its conclusion is made with respect to the existing ontology of the target environment as seen from the target concept network. Metaphor, in interpreting target domain, is free to carve up the environment in any possible way so long as coherence is maintained, yet only in a conventional way. Blending recruits from entrenched structures, source and target, project selectively to the blending space and create emergent structure to carry out on line operations which are dark in analogy and metaphor. Blending is a routine, workaday cognitive process.


Nowadays, web applications have become most prevailing in the industry, and the critical data of most organizations are stored using web apps. Thus, web applications pose a large target for assorted cyber-attacks. As mitigation for them, among many proposed solutions, web application honeypots are much sophisticated and robust protection. In this paper, we propose a low interaction, adaptive, and dynamic web application honeypot that imitates the vulnerabilities through HTTP events. The honeypot is built with SNARE and TANNER; SNARE devises the attack surface and sends the requests to TANNER, which evaluates them and determines how SNARE should respond to the requests. TANNER is an analysis and classification tool, which analyses and evaluates HTTP requests served by SNARE, and composes a dynamic response by its emulation engine. The honeypot works abreast major complex vulnerabilities, deceiving the attacker by lying under the surface of a real web application.


Immanuel Kant's reception in the disciplines of philosophy and geography could not be more different. His voluminous writings about logic, metaphysics, and ethics continue to be a major reference p...


San Miao Wan (SMW) is a traditional Chinese medicine (composed of Cortex phellodendri, Rhizoma atractylodes, and Radix cyathulae) widely used in China to treat arthritis; however, its underlying mechanism remains unknown. We established the target gene library of SMW and performed gene ontology enrichment analysis of related target genes. The component-target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of SMW and the disease-target PPI network of arthritis were merged to form a core PPI network. Finally, the anti-oxidative effect of SMW for treating arthritis was evaluated in a rat arthritis model induced by sodium urate. The results showed that R. atractylodes contained four active components with 68 target proteins, R. cyathulae contained two active components and 139 target proteins, and C. phellodendri contained eight active components and 275 target proteins. The target genes of R. cyathulae were highly related to the synthesis and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, while target genes of R. atractylodes and C. phellodendri were highly related to the circulatory system. The component-target PPI network of SMW and the disease-target PPI network of arthritis predominantly overlapped. In vivo, SMW effectively reduced knee swelling induced by sodium urate, decreased serum malondialdehyde levels, and increased serum superoxide dismutase levels. In conclusion, the therapeutic effects of SMW in arthritis are associated with its anti-oxidative properties.


The utility model discloses a novel oil-water separator comprising a double-medium filtering device, wherein the double-medium filtering device consists of a cylinder body, an inlet pipe fitting, an exhaust pipe fitting, a water distribution device, a filter material, a water washing component, a gas washing component, a grid plate, a water collecting device and an outlet pipe fitting; the cylinder body is connected with the inlet pipe fitting, the exhaust pipe fitting, the water distribution device, the water washing component, the gas washing component, the grid plate, the water collecting device and the outlet pipe fitting respectively by welding; the filter material is paved on the grid plate; the gas washing component comprises a cleaning core pipe, a gas ejector pipe and a pipe clamp; the cleaning core pipe is fixedly welded on the cylinder body through the pipe clamp; the gas ejector pipe is connected to the center of the inside of the cleaning core pipe, and is welded on a main pipe of the gas washing component. Therefore, the novel oil-water separator disclosed by the utility model is simple in structure, small in volume, light in weight, low in air impact strength, good in cleaning effect, short in cleaning time, energy-saving and cost-reducing, short in maintenance time and high in working efficiency.


Combined with present situations in highway maintenance in this paper the method to realize the leap type development for highway maintenance is proposed from deepening reform, normalized management, scientific maintenance and other aspects. Author points out that specialization, mechanization and normalization are the only way to realize maintenance modernization for highway.


The solubility of hydrogen in some Pd + B and Pd + Ag + B alloys, and where possible pressure-composition (p,C) isotherms and derived thermodynamic parameters, have been determined from experimental measurements in aqueous solutions. Information has also been obtained concerning relationships between electrical resistance and hydrogen content. Results are discussed with respect to alternative models proposed to account for the form of the (p,C) isotherms of the palladium + hydrogen and palladium alloy + hydrogen systems.


We analyze the spectral energy distribution (SED) of SDSS-selected quasars in the Spitzer First Look Survey area. Optical+IR colors allow for efficient selection of quasars. We construct a mean quasar SED that can be used to learn about accretion disks, disk-winds, and dusty tori. Future improvements in determining multiwavelength SEDs of different classes of quasars are needed to improve estimates of physical parameters of quasars such as bolometric luminosities and accretion rates.


Owing to the synergistic enhanced performance by incorporating Co atoms into the Fe-based oxide, spinel-type CoFe2O4 is regarded as a promising oxygen carrier. Herein, the reaction mechanism of CoFe2O4 with CO during chemical-looping combustion (CLC) was comprehensively studied based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results reveal that the existence of Co atoms in CoFe2O4 is primarily responsible for the improved reactivity. On both the perfect and defective CoFe2O4 (100) surfaces, Co atoms are the preferable sites for CO adsorption. In particular, the presence of surface O vacancy will weaken CO adsorption. Three types of surface O coordinated with three different metal atoms show different reactivity. Two reaction channels for CO oxidation were proposed on the perfect surface. For the one-step channel, CO can react barrierlessly with the surface O coordinated with two Co and one Fe atoms to form CO2 molecule. The three-step channel beginning with the Co site shows more kinetically an...


An extremely large quantity of problems; including insufficient financial support, dearth of competent teachers, out dated curriculum, lack of facilities and inadequate programs for teacher training are impediments in the quality of school education in Pakistan. An organized and wellmanaged system of Teacher Training is required to impart the innovative, pedagogical, andragogical and profession skills & strategies for the improvement of teaching methodologies. The Directorate of Staff Development (DSD) Training Program is an initiative for in-service teacher training for public sector schoolteachers in Pakistan. It is rendering meritorious services in the field of teacher training since last 50 years. Teacher Training through DSD programs has its pivotal role in improving quality education, pedagogy, and professional skills of in-service teachers. Drawing upon the basic concepts, procedure and philosophy of teacher training, this paper describes the role and achievements of the Directorate of Staff Development regarding teacher training in the Punjab. Through documentary analysis, the parameters and mechanism adopted by DSD regarding teacher training has been examined. Thousand of schoolteachers and head teachers have been imparted training up till now through the Directorate of Staff Development. Some recommendations like; to reevaluate and reorganize the attitude of trainees, lengthen the duration of teacher training, stimulate the learning, enhance critical thinking, develop personality, develop for self expression, facilitate self


Ceramic matrix composites are being developed to operate at elevated temperatures and in oxidizing environments. Considerable improvements are being made in the creep resistance of SiC fibers and hence in the high-temperature properties of SiC/SiC composites; however, more needs to be known about the stability of these materials in oxidizing environments before they become widely accepted. Experimental weight loss and crack growth data supports the conclusion that O{sub 2} enhanced crack growth of SiC/SiC occurs by more than one mechanism depending on the experimental conditions. An oxidation embrittlement mechanism (OEM) operates at temperatures below about 1,073--1,223 K and at O{sub 2} pressures of 2 x 10{sup 4} Pa and above while an interface removal mechanism (IRM) operates at temperatures exceeding 1,073 K and O{sub 2} pressure of 2 x 10{sup 3} Pa and below. The OEM, as proposed by Evans et al. (1), results from the reaction of O{sub 2} with SiC to form a glass layer on the fiber. The fracture stress of the fiber is reduced if this layer is thicker than a critical value (d > d{sub c}) and the temperature is below a critical value (T T{sub g} or d < d{sub c}. This paper summarizes the evidence for these two mechanisms and attempts to define the conditions for their operation.« less


The Yokogawa Group is promoting environmental management and env ironmental conser v at ion activities based on the Principles of the Yokogawa Group Env ironmental Management Standards . The Yokogawa Group also deploys EMS globally to promote environmental conservation activities. In addition, each Group company, in accordance with the "Environmental Policy of the Yokogawa Group" and the "Voluntary Action Plan on the Environment of the Yokogawa Group" (both the medium-term and annual plans), has established an environmental target, and is thus independently engaged in environmental conservation activities.


This paper analyses the narrative techniques of two Dalit texts; an autobiography called Joothan by Omprakash Valmiki and a novel called Koogai: The Owl by Cho. Dharman. Through this analysis, the paper presents an account of the changing socio-political conditions of the Dalits in India after independence. Using the theoretical framework of narratology, the paper argues that the two very different narrative styles present in these two texts are reflective of the respective conditions within which their writers found themselves in and the larger socio-political questions that the Dalit emancipation movement was dealing with during those periods. Another aspect that the paper covers is how these two texts present the inherent conflicts and contradictions within the Dalit identity. It then asks the question whether these contradictions should be flattened to present a more homogeneous conceptualisation of what it means to be a Dalit or whether the identity should be imagined alongside these contradictions.


Objective:To define the weights of 6 main influencing factors, i. e. gas components, aerosol, radioactivity, temperature, humidity and microbial pollution in submarine cabin air quality. Methods: To use the Delphi method to define the weights. Results: The weights of 6 main influencing factors in submarine cabin air quality were defined. Conclusion: The application of the Delphi method for defining weights of the main influencing factors in submarine cabin air quality is of rather high credibility and forms an important basis for evaluating the air quality in the submarine cabin.


In the development of liquid propellant guns (LPG), there are numerous interdependent parameters which affect the performance of the gun. There are some difficulties in arriving at the dimensions of its various components. To help in this task, computer simulation was undertaken to predict the performance of a conceptual gun. This is a sensitivity study aimed at exploring the relationship between the interdependent parameters. The parameters which have a direct bearing on the performance of the gun, like areas of cross-section of vents, differential piston dimensions liquid propellant mass, and the combustion and reservoir chamber dimensions have been studied. The expected pressures and other parameters could be studied with the help of this model is thus helpful in the optimization of the design of LPGs.


A lot goes on inside a eucalypt gall when a fly and a worm join forces, reports entomologist Michaela Purcell.


Several methods of electronic holography for imaging through scattering media, especially biological tissue, are described. The methods employ short pulses, noise modulated waveforms with narrow autocorrelation functions, light of reduced spatial coherence, synthetic spectrum technology, or a combination of these methods. We introduce models that predict the limitations of the various methods and describe the various limitations and the tradeoffs. The resolution vs. signal-to-noise ratio tradeoff is particularly significant. We consider combining the first-arriving-light and the confocal-scanning methods, where we employ a confocal technique that eliminates the need for scanning. We show experimental results.


In a recent article, Thomas Baldwin considers the identity theory of truth, and allows that it provides "a position of some intrinsic interest" (1991, p. 35). But he evidently thinks that it is a position of very little merit.' The purpose of this brief reply is to suggest that Baldwin does the identity theory a disservice. Baldwin's principal aim was to discuss the role of the identity theory of truth in the writings of Bradley, Moore and Russell. The historical matters that concerned him are not our concern here. But we start by questioning his interpretation of a passage of Frege-a philosopher who, according to Baldwin, "explicitly discusses, and rejects the identity thesis" (p. 43). We suggest that Baldwin's reading of the passage is an implausible one; and that in offering it, Baldwin reveals himself as underestimating the great distance that there is, in metaphysical space, between an identity theory and a correspondence theory of truth. These are some of the sentences that Baldwin quotes from Frege (1967):


Two studies investigated the effects of exposure to disinformation on citizens' evaluation of politicians and the impact of corrections. Study 1 tested the roles of message valence and relational closeness of social media connections sharing disinformation. Study 2 examined whether corrections on social networking sites could mitigate the influence of disinformation. Results of the first study indicate a limited persuasive effect of disinformation, with negative disinformation being more entertaining but potentially less credible than positive disinformation. Effects of corrections in Study 2 were strong. There was no consistent influence of whether disinformation was shared by a close versus distant friend.


We propose a technique for automatic, anatomically selective, artifact-free enhancement of digital chest radiographs. Anatomically selective enhancement is motivated by the different enhancement requirements of the lung field and the mediastinum. A recent peak detection algorithm is applied to the image histogram to automatically determine a gray-level threshold between the lung and mediastinum fields. The gray-level threshold facilitates anatomically selective gray-scale modification and unsharp masking. Further, in an attempt to suppress possible white-band artifacts due to unsharp mask-ing at sharp edges, local-contrast adaptivity is incorporated into anatomically selective unsharp masking by designing an anatomy-sensitive emphasis parameter that varied asymmetrically with positive and negative values of the local image contrast.


Abstract Introduction: An increased risk for metabolic syndrome has been described for patients with psychotic disorders. Antipsychotic drugs possibly contribute to metabolic changes. Methods: Haloperidol or clozapine was orally fed to male and female Sprague Dawley rats for 12 weeks, and body weight gain, food and water intake were measured. The serum levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were determined. Gonadal and perirenal fat pads were removed and weighed. Results: We found increased body weight in the male clozapine group, but decreased ones in the male haloperidol group. Clozapine-treated male and female animals had higher fasting glucose, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels, whereas haloperidol caused increased levels of insulin and decreased values of HbA1c, cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Conclusion: Both antipsychotic drugs cause sex-dependent metabolic changes, which are risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, be it hyperinsulinemia under haloperidol treatment or hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia and hyperlipidemia under clozapine.


This year witnesses the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the New China.So,it is of great significance to recall ethnic education of the New China.This paper makes a retrospect mainly about implementing preferential policies for ethnic education by the State with great achievements.The experience of developing ethnic education,in the writer's opinion,mainly includes the leading role of the State,the preferential policies which "lend hands in time of trouble",generous help of the people all over the country and the spirit of independence and self-reliance of ethnic regions.In prospect of developing ethnic education,the writer predicts that new transitions and breakthroughs will be made in research subject,policy support and education practice.


India has a road network of over 5,472,144 kilo-metres (3,400,233 mi) as on 31 March 2015, the second largest road network in the world. The plastic wastes can be used in road construction and the field tests withstood the stress and proved that plastic wastes used after proper processing as an additive would enhance the life of the roads and also solve environmental problems. Plastic use in road construction is not new. It is already in use as PVC or HDPE pipe mat crossings built by cabling together PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or HDPE (high-density poly-ethylene) pipes to form plastic mats. Waste plastic is ground and made into powder; 3 to 4 % plastic is mixed with the bitumen. The durability of the roads laid out with shredded plastic waste is much more compared with roads with asphalt with the ordinary mix. The use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life as well as will help to improve the environment and also creating a source of income.


The paper briefly introduces the characteristics of forest inventory data,model for data processing, and puts forward suggestions on integrating Geographic Information System with the processing of forest inventory data to implement the digitalization in the whole process.The paper also points out some important fundamental jobs and key steps in the establishment of the information management system of forest inventory.


Objective: Traumatic experiences during childhood have an impact on the emotional states of individuals during their adulthood. The impacts of traumatic experiences during childhood on self-esteem will be examined in the present study. It was also aimed to examine the relationship between these traumatic experiences and self-esteem with interpersonal relation levels.
Method: This was a descriptive-cross-sectional study carried out during the dates of February 11, 2018 and March 11, 2018 on Gaziantep university students. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Scale of dimensions of interpersonal relationships (SDIR), childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) were used.
Results: Of the 926 students who participated in the study, 712 (76.9 %) were female, 214 (33.1 %) were male. The RSES total score of the students was 12.63±2.36, CTS total score was 48.0±20.97. CTQ were determined to be positively related with the empathy, trust, emotion awareness dimensions of SDIR and negatively related with approval dependence. This result is an indication of low trust, low emotion awareness, increased approval dependence and more empathy in interpersonal relationships. RSES total score was not determined to be related with CTQ total in our study, but a relationship was determined between RSES and only the emotional abuse sub-dimension. The mean scores of RSES in individuals were determined to have a negative relationship with trust and emotion sub-dimensions of SDIR and to have a positive relationship with the empathy and approval sub-dimensions. This result is an indication of less empathy, increase in approval dependence, low emotional awareness and decrease in trust with regard to interpersonal relationships. The differences found significant in the study can be listed as follows: the number of siblings in SDIR empathy dimension, family type in the trust dimension, alcohol use in emotion and trust dimension, gender in all of the emotion, empathy, trust and approval sub-dimensions, chronic disorders in the trust dimension, smoking in approval and emotion dimension, duration of internet use in the emotion sub-dimension. Significant differences were observed with regard to gender, parental attitudes, number of siblings, economic level, family type, alcohol use and smoking in CTQ scores. Duration of internet usage time in a day displayed statistical differences in RSES scores.
Conclusion: Childhood traumas have impacts on all dimensions of interpersonal relationships. Self-esteem was determined to be related only with emotional abuse from childhood traumas and self-esteem has a significant impact on interpersonal relationships. Sociodemographic factor analysis has indicated that parental attitudes, family type, alcohol use and smoking, gender are related with childhood traumas, that the number of siblings, family type, alcohol use, gender, chronic disorder, smoking, duration of internet usage are related with interpersonal relationships and that internet usage is related with self-esteem. Improvement of positive parenthood and increase in the family-child interaction are effective and applicable methods for preventing abuse and neglect. Trainings on this subject are suggested since reliable-consistent relationships are important and since positive relationships decrease the risk of being subject to maltreatment.


In this paper a 7 year experience in the use of problem based learning (PBL) at the Nursing School of the Community of Madrid is described. The method is discussed as well as the roles played by the different actors involved in the process. Based on this experience, the positive and negative sides of the method are finally outlined.


Aiming at 45-element adaptive optics system, the model of 45-element deformable mirror is truly built by COMSOL Multiphysics, and every actuator's influence function is acquired by finite element method. The process of this system correcting optical aberration is simulated by making use of procedure, and aiming for Strehl ratio of corrected diffraction facula, in the condition of existing different translation and rotation error between Hartmann-Shack sensor and deformable mirror, the system's correction ability for 3-20 Zernike polynomial wave aberration is analyzed. The computed result shows: the system's correction ability for 3-9 Zernike polynomial wave aberration is higher than that of 10-20 Zernike polynomial wave aberration. The correction ability for 3-20 Zernike polynomial wave aberration does not change with misalignment error changing. With rotation error between Hartmann-Shack sensor and deformable mirror increasing, the correction ability for 3-20 Zernike polynomial wave aberration gradually goes down, and with translation error increasing, the correction ability for 3-9 Zernike polynomial wave aberration gradually goes down, but the correction ability for 10-20 Zernike polynomial wave aberration behave up-and-down depression.


This research aims to 1) develop of Thai Lotus Dance Performance of students in Prathomsuksa 4 by applying of Miller Approach 2) study behavior of the students toward learning activities of Thai Lotus Dance Performance of the stusents in Prathomsuksa 4 by applying of Miller Approach.The sample group of students were in Prathomsuksa 4 at Kiong Mai School in 2015, which were randomized by selecting 35 students of Prathomsuksa 4/1. The instruments that used in this study were 1) Lesson Plan for learning activities to Thai Lotus Dance Performance of Prathomsuksa 4 students by applying of Miller Approach that consisted of aesting with the step of Miller Approach method ; Knows, Knows how, Shows how and Does in the lesson plan.z 2) The observation form of behavior toward learning activities of Thai Lotus Dance Performance of Prathomsuksa 4 students by applying of Miller Approach. The statistics in the study were frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The results were as follows: 1. Thai Lotus Dance Performance of Prathomsuksa 4 students by applying of Miller Approach were at good level. In the overall image found that, when classify into four parts of Miller approach, were the highest on Knows part, high on Knows how, good at Shows how, and good at Does. 2. The behavior of students toward learning activities of Thai Lotus Dance Performance of Prathomsuksa 4 students by applying of Miller Approach were at the highest level, such as student is interested in sing a song and practiced in Thai Lotus Dance, (more than 80 % of students). While the least behavior of student were the interesting in the content in Thai Lotus Dance. (percentage 74.28)


Thank you for downloading intravenous medications a handbook for nurses and other allied health personnel. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this intravenous medications a handbook for nurses and other allied health personnel, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their laptop.


Currently, the problem of ensuring universal access to the Internet resources in the Far North is very acute. It is possible to solve this problem by using low-orbit satellite Internet systems (LOSIS). As the number of LOSIS increases, the probability of unauthorized content being imposed by the offending satellite increases. This situation can be prevented by using the Spacecraft (SC) authentication protocol. The use of the modular code of residue number system (MC RNS) in the implementation of the protocol will reduce the authentication time of the spacecraft due to the transition from calculations with large numbers (140 or more digits) to parallel calculations with low-bit residues. The goal is to reduce the time spent on satellite authentication through the use of MC RNS, which will reduce the time for selecting the correct response signal by the intruder satellite and increase the information security of the LOSIS.


Bangbu gold deposit is located to the south of the east section of Yarlung Zangbo tectonic suture zone in the Southern Tibet. Ore bodies are controlled by the secondary fractures in the large-scale brittle-ductile shear zone. Its geological and geochemical characteristics show that it is an orogenic gold deposit. In this study,He-Ar-S isotopic compositions of ore-forming fluids in pyrites collected from the Bangbu auriferous quartz veins were analyzed,and the results show that 3He/4He ratio is 0.174 to 1.010Ra,40Ar/36Ar ratio ranges from 311.9 to 1724.9,and δ34S is 2.8‰~4.7‰,averaging 3.6‰;whereas pyrite collected from country rocks has 3He/4He ratio of 0.01137Ra,40Ar/36Ar of 1709.7,and δ34S of 6.5‰,suggesting that the ore-forming fluid of the Bangbu gold deposit was a mixture of crust fluid and mantle-derived fluid,and the former is predominant. The ration of mantle-derived He is 2.7%~16.7%. Crust-mantle interaction and the subsequent injection of mantle-derived fluids might have played an important role in the mineralization of the Bangbu gold deposit. During collision between India plate and Asia plate,large-scale vertical lithospheric shear zones were formed,and the subsequent mantle-derived fluid went up through the shear zone,mixing with the lower crust derived CO2-rich fluid. The mixed ore-forming fluids migrated to the secondary brittle structures in the shear zone,and finally precipitated auriferous sulfide quartz ores because of decline of temperature and pressure and subsequent boiling of the ore-forming fluids


Objective
To observe the efficacy of the drug-soaking amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT)in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulceration.

Methods
Prospective, non-comparative series case study. Fifteen eyes of 15 patients with bacterial ulceration were performed single or multilayered AMT. The wound healing time of the corneal ulceration, stromal inflammation subsided and decrease of corneal neovascularization were observed.The follow up time was 6-13 months.

Results
The stromal inflammation was improved at 7-14 days after surgery. Epithelial defects healed within 14-30 days after surgery. The visual acuity were improved in all patients but the corneal opacity and cataract were not changed. No complication occurred during the follow-up time.

Conclusion
The drug-soaking AMT for the treatment of bacterial keratitis can reduce dosing frequency, reduce the burden on patients and medical staff.

Key words:
Amnion, transplantation; Ulceration, corneal, bacterial; Corneal neovascularization


Sweden's wind resources, low population density and availability of balancing sources of energy provide great growth potential for further advancement of the wind sector. The growth and profitability of Swedish wind power drives an increasingly active market, attracting energy producers, developers, utilities and financial stakeholders, which as a result leads to an increase of job opportunities within Sweden and the wider Nordic region. This paper explores the reasons for this surge in potential, looking at electricity prices, turbine prices and the investment market before concluding by taking a look at the job opportunities being created.


Management can be defined as the judicious use of the resources to achieve a certain goal. In irrigation, management aims maximizing crop production at the lowest possible cost without compromising the quality of natural resources, using less water and minimizing the water loses. Between management-irrigation techniques, the most used are based on water balance, which consists of determining the amount of water that has been lost to the atmosphere in order to reestablishing it. However, it is necessary to determinate culture evapotranspiration and this requires a weather station close to the site of interest. Analyzing the costs of meteorological stations it is clear that this approach is not feasible for small producers. Even for bigger planters, it requires a professional to calculate hydric balance and to periodically check soil water content. The problem with that is the elapsed time between system changes and correction actions, being the second greater than the first. As many times seen, changes in the frequency of irrigation lead to gains or losses in crop production. For this, a technologically efficient system with reduced cost, easy installation and maintenance is needed. Thus, a network of intelligent sensors, capable of monitoring environment in real-time, adapting to different crop development stages, different soils and crops and to communicating with each other, and to a server becomes an interesting solution to manage an irrigation system. This work aims to elucidate the development of a low-cost wireless sensor/controllers network to determine the soil water content for efficient irrigation management. Electronic modules were developed with low power microcontrollers since they were powered by batteries and solar panels, capable of performing the inference algorithms of the measured variables, calibration and correction of such measures, communication with other network elements and running the irrigation controller, based on Fuzzy Logic. The approach of artificial intelligence that was used has the ability to learn, to estimate parameters from their knowledge base and from the conditions around and to use imprecise data - commonly present in low-cost sensors. In addition to microcontroller capabilities, the sensor module is endowed with elements to measure soil and environmental temperatures, air relative humidity (RH), ambient lighting, soil water content, and with a wireless communication module. With the deployment of this system, an efficient and effective irrigation management can be achieved; and, by system cost, it can easily be accessed by familiar agricultures, as by small and medium farmers. Thus, this system can expand the sustainable use of available water resources and even reduce pollution of soil and water with agrochemicals, leading to the maintenance of future generations.


Two novel fused ring systems made up of 1, 4-thiazine and 3 (2H)-pyridazinone were synthesized. 3, 4-Dihydro-7-methyl-2H-pyridazino [4, 5-b]-1, 4-thiazin-8 (7H)-one was obobtained from the intramolecular cyclization of 4-chloro-5-(2-chloroethylamino)-2-methyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone with sodium sulfide. An isomer, 3, 4-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyridazino-[4, 5-b]-1, 4-thiazin-5 (6H)-one, was directly afforded by the condensation of 4, 5-dichloro-2-methyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone with sodium 2-aminoethanthiolate.


Abstract In the last 20 years, the recovery movement in alcohol and other drugs has emerged as a major influence on alcohol and drug policy and practice in the UK, US and Australia. In roughly the same period of time, the desistance movement has become increasingly prominent in academic criminology, and is increasingly influential in criminal justice practice, particularly in the area of probation. Furthermore, the populations involved in recovery and desistance research have significant overlap, yet there has been little shared learning across these areas. The current article explores the evolution of thinking around desistance and what lessons it might offer conceptual models of recovery. It will be argued that one of the most important shared assumptions relates to identity change, and the extent to which these identity changes are intrinsically social or 'relational'. The paper will advance a social identity model as a mechanism for understanding the journey to recovery or desistance and the centrality of reintegration into communities for a coherent model and public policy around addiction recovery.


An experiment was carried out during 1998–99 and 1999–2000 in most popular brinjal variety Kalyanpur T-3 with six different treatments of seed extraction methods. The data revealed that acid fermentation @ 5ml kg−1 pulp for 45 minutes is most effective treatment for high seed recovery as well as for attaining other seed quality attributes.


The present study of 167 individuals with TBI investigated how well total brain volume loss accounts for performance on cognitive tasks, including WM, immediate memory (IM), EF, and IQ, and on narrative discourse production measures at multiple levels (e.g., intra-sentential, inter-sentential, global) of analysis. An underlying goal of this study was to examine the prognostic potential of a brain lesion metric for outcomes in discourse production. It is hypothesized that brain volume loss will correlate significantly with the cognitive and narrative discourse measures.


Based on the characteristics of engineering estimation courses,a progressive case teaching method is put forward in this article.First,a typical case is broken down to division-subdivision work according to the process of construction.And then the students will be taught and trained throughout the whole process of lectures,after-school exercises,class discussion.At last,the students should be asked to carry out a complete engineering cost documents.Through out the process,the requests and condition will be put forward gradually in depth.This fits in with student's cognitive laws.


An experimental investigation has been carried out on the chatter vibrations due to cutting force variations caused by the intermittent cutting and the periodic chip formation. In this paper turning experiments are carried out using a small tool-dynamometer of piezoelectric type attached to a cantilever-type structure which is assumed to vibrate only in the direction of the principal mode. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The amplitude of the forced chatter vibration induced by the intermittent cutting is not increased or decreased by the regenerative effect, irrespective of the direction of the principal mode. (2) In machining of the free-cutting brass and the austenitic stainless steel which create periodic chips, selfexcited chatter vibrations are induced in the cutting direction extremely. These vibrations are quite different from the regenerative chatter, and are induced because the period of the chip formation is controlled by the tool vibration.


Management of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep and goats is a major challenge in many parts of the world, particularly in the current age of multi-drug anthelmintic resistance. Haemonchus contortus has gained substantial notoriety for its pathogenicity, as well as for its ability to develop resistance to all currently available classes of anthelmintics. As conventional pharmaceuticals continue to lose efficacy, alternative anti-parasitic strategies, such as feeding sericea lespedeza, a plant rich in condensed tannins, and administration of copper oxide wire particles, are gaining popularity in the United States.


The percentage of outcome variance attributable to extratherapeutic and common factors, and the superiority of client's predictions of outcome, challenges an emphasis on theoretical frames of reference and offers a compelling argument for allowing the client to direct the psychotherapeutic process. This article suggests that therapists intentionally utilize the client's frame of reference for the explicit purpose of influencing successful outcome. A proposal for a client-directed process is offered that de-emphasizes theory and seeks deliberate enhancement of common factor effects and maximum collaboration with the client through all phases of intervention.


Historians of fascism trace elements of its 'sacralised politics' to left-wing religiosity at the turn of the century. Emilio Gentile has provided detailed criteria to distinguish 'political religion' from 'civil religion' and 'politicised religion' from 'religion as politics'. This paper tries to apply this taxonomy to late Victorian and Edwardian socialism in Britain. Intellectual arguments for a 'religion of socialism'– as well as less-theorised religious behaviour – are evident within three groupings that shaped the British socialist revival: the Social Democratic Federation, The Fabian Society, and the Independent Labour Party. Surveying members of each, including Ernest Belfort Bax, the Webbs, Shaw, Wells; John Trevor, and Keir Hardie, the paper lastly turns to Edward Carpenter, who moved between the aforementioned groups during his career, and whose popular and influential writings vividly capture socialism's spiritual character. His case also illustrates the major obstacle in applying Gentile's taxonomy to this period, namely the pervasive monism of the age, which blurs concepts of the temporal and divine. In conclusion, we can see that Edwardian socialism provided good conditions for the emergence of political religion but also for the civil religion of today's centre left. A much more detailed discussion, beyond our scope here, might consider Gentile's distinctions between functionalist, manipulative, noumenal forms of religiosity; distinctions brought home to Edwardian intellectuals through new theories of charisma and crowd psychology. Their knowledge, and application, of these ideas more clearly anticipates the rise of fascism; although, in the same generation, we should note a return to dualism as a defence against totalitarian political religion.