"Subjective intelligibility", "concentration", "annoyance" and "coping" were examined as relevant speech quality features for describing the burden on a listener under adverse communication conditions. Test subjects with normal hearing were presented samples of spoken language (monosyllables, sentences) against a constant noise background with different signal-to-noise ratios. These language samples - spoken by native speakers and non-native speakers - were either modified in order to create additional different levels of difficulty or were presented together with a parallel task. The collection of speech intelligibility data (as a percentage of correctly reproduced speech stimuli) and subjective assessments of the four speech quality features on rating scales (from 1 to 5) revealed the following: Speech intelligibility and subjective assessment (on scales from 1 to 5) reflect the whole range of the communication situations, but despite high speech intelligibility the listener gives speech quality a lower rating. The assessment statement formulated for the four speech quality features have proven valid measuring instruments. The gradient of the curves for the assessments of the four speech quality features is still clearly positive under the simplest test conditions (signal-to-noise ratio of +10 and +15 dB), and so it can be supposed that the speech quality can be further enhanced appreciably. Conclusions are drawn for the quality of speech communication.


Taking a certain company as the example, and through analyzing its statistic data, this paper discusses the positive effects of the increase of fixed asset investment on the production, management and long-term development of enterprise.


We examined the survival, size, and agonistic behaviour of faster and slower developing rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in an artificial stream channel with a simulated redd. The analysis was performed at two levels: between three full-sib families genetically marked at a hexosaminidase locus, and within families segregating for a regulatory allele Pgml-t(b) that is associated with faster developmental rate. The families differed significantly in their hatching times but showed little variation in emergence times. Fishes with the Pgml-t(b) allele hatched and emerged significantly earlier than their full-sibs without the allele. Despite the mortality of at least 50% of emerged fishes in the selection experiment, there was no significant difference in survival between either the three families or fishes with different genotypes at the Pgml-t locus. However, fishes from the faster developing family and those with the Pgml-t(b) allele had significantly higher levels of agonistic behaviour and had a tendency to be larger than slower developing individuals.


Stigma is one of the inhibiting factors in healing people with mental disorders. Many people do not behave well in people with mental disorders and the public does not care about people with mental disorders. Community understanding of mental disorders is very minimal, this causes sufferers to get unpleasant attitudes from the community and from their own families. The aim was to find out the relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in people with mental disorders (ODGJ) in the work area of KaryaWanita Community Health Center RW 07 Pekanbaru in 2019. The design of this study was descriptive analytic  withaapproach cross sectional with a sample of 68 respondents with criteria that were has been established. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. The results of this study have a significant relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in ODGJ in people's knowledge and attitudes. Knowledge is closely related to stigma towards ODGJ (ρ value = 0.013 and OR = 0.067). The meaning of the community that has a negative stigma of mental disorder has a chance of 0.067 times to have bad knowledge on ODGJ. The attitude is closely related to stigma towards ODGJ (p value = 0.017 and OR = 9.2). That meanspeople who have the stigma of negative mental disorder have a chance 9.2 times to have a bad attitude towards ODGJ. It was concluded that there was a significant relationship between the stigma of mental disorders and community behavior in people with mental disorders in the work area of Karya Wanita RW 07 Pekanbaru in 2019. It was recommended to the puskesmas to improve socialization regarding the attitude and initial handling of mental disorders to the community.


Trade credit is provided by suppliers to meet the purchase needs of retailers, playing a more and more important role in trade. In this paper, the effects of preferential credit on retailers' business decisions are investigated under capital constraints in a perfectly competitive market. In this game model, the loan competition conditions are considered when banks and manufacturers offer preferential credit to capital-constrained retailers. In the proposed model, different credit lines and preferential credit discount rates are mainly related to the exogenous collateral of retailers and the risk appetite of banks and manufacturers. The effects of bank financing and trade credit on a retailer's inventory decision are also discussed under different circumstances of whether the retailer's financing amount exceeds the credit limit. The equilibrium wholesale price and optimal order quantity of retailers under different circumstances are deduced. Moreover, the effects of discount rate, institutional risk preference and collateral quality on the two are obtained. These results reveal that the factors affecting the decision-making of retailers and manufacturers are also different in different situations.


Despite the frequent arguments that findings from behavioral economics experiments justify paternalism, there is scant evidence of how people (the paternalists) make decisions for others or how the recipients of paternalism (the paternalees) respond to decisions made for them. Using data from over 300 people recruited from two cities in the United States and France, we study how choices between a relatively healthy item (apples) and a relatively unhealthy item (cookies) are influenced by one's role as either the paternalist or the paternalee. We find that after being provided information on nutritional content, but not before, paternalists make healthier choices for the paternalees than for themselves. Surprisingly, prior to being provided information, paternalees desire healthier choices than they expect the paternalists to give, a phenomenon that seems to arise from a type of egotism where individuals believe they make healthier choices than everyone else. Results in both locations reveal that more than 75% of paternalees prefer their own choices compared to the ones made for them by the paternalists, and are willing to pay non-trivial amounts to have their own choices. Any intrinsic value people place on the freedom of choice must be weighed against whatever benefits might arise from paternalistic policies, and consequently the scope for paternalism may be narrower than is often purported.


With the increasing demand of data center interconnection in the network cloud era, data center networks (DCNs) play key roles in computing and communication, becoming the center of a great deal of resources and business. Therefore, how to design a DCN with good performance has been a significant issue in networks. The hypercube is a popular interconnection network topology with low diameter, symmetry and recursive structure, and scalability. As a variant of the hypercube, the crossed cube not only retains the excellent properties of the hypercube, but also performs better in terms of Hamiltonian-connectivity, embeddability, diameter, etc. In this paper, we first propose a novel and server-centric DCN, called CSDC, which is based on the crossed cube network. The performance of CSDC can be characterized by the properties of its logical structure, so we then give its logical structure <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and determine the connectivity and edge-connectivity of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we explore the fault-tolerant paths and disjoint paths between any two distinct nodes in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and obtain the diameter of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Moreover, we propose a method to construct two completely independent spanning trees (CISTs) in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C_{n}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that CSDC is a magnetic DCN for building large-scale data centers.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test the performance of the third molar maturity index (I3M) for discriminating between adults and minors. Panoramic radiographs of 760 individuals aged 11 to 25 years were assessed and validity of I3M < 0.08 was tested. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden's index were used to test the performance of the method. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.554 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.487–0.619) and 0.962 (95% CI, 0.926–0.983) in females, 0.750 (95% CI, 0.666–0.829) and 0.949 (95% CI, 0.910–0.974) in males, respectively. The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 0.747 (95% CI, 0.703–0.786) and 0.884 (95% CI, 0.815–0.895) in females and males, respectively. In addition, an optimal cut-off value was determined as I3M < 0.19 for females. When we used this cut-off value in females, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were as follows: 0.820 (95% CI, 0.764–0.867), 0.833 (95% CI, 0.775–0.880) and 0.826 (95% 0.768–0.843). The I3M gave better results when using a sex-specific cut-off value in a Turkish sample.


Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a detrimental congenital heart disease where the pulmonary valve is not appropriately developed. Several hypotheses speculated to explain the pathogenesis of this disorder contains abnormal coronary arterial development, atypical blood flow through venous valve and atretic pulmonary valve formation. Conventional treatment strategy is pulmonary valve perforation, and PA-IVS patients after treatment present with varying degrees of ventricular hypoplasia: from single ventricle palliation (1v) to 1½-ventricle palliation (1.5v) and bi-ventricle repair (2v). Mechanistic studies are required to further explain the different levels of RV hypoplasia in PA-IVS patients. Here, we generated PA-IVS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with a spectrum of RV hypoplasia. PA-IVS iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) contracted normally and displayed sarcomeric structures with intercalated cardiac troponin T and α-actinin. Early-stage PA-IVS iPSC-CMs exhibited a variety of compromised proliferation activities, which were not able to be rescued by Wnt signaling pathway activation. Transcriptomic profiling by bulk RNA seq suggested that pathways involved in the cell cycle and mitosis were downregulated in day13 PA-IVS-1v iPSC-CMs, but not in PA-IVS-2v iPSC-CMs. However, at later stage (day20), pathways involved in the regulation of cell division and mitosis was upregulated in PA-IVS-1v cardiomyocytes, indicating a possible developmental delay in the cardiomyocyte proliferation for PA-IVS-1v. Intriguingly, differentially expressed genes between PA-IVS-2v and control CMs were mostly enriched in the pathways relevant to glucose metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and muscle contraction. The differentially involved pathways between PA-IVS-1v and PA-IVS-2v cardiomyocytes suggest that an intrinsic transcriptional program may lead to divergent degrees of cardiomyocyte proliferation and ventricular growth in PA-IVS. We conclude that patient iPSC-CMs can recapitulate cardiomyocyte proliferation defects which are involved in ventricular hypoplasia in PA-IVS.


Physical and numerical models have been widely used to describe flooding patterns and to gain further understanding of river hydraulics around complex structures. Located on the Jemez River in New Mexico, the Jemez Weir stops the upstream progression of stream degradation and supports healthy upstream riparian vegetation. Localized bed scour began to occur just downstream of the Jemez Weir following construction. The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) built the structure in 2003 and developed a HEC-RAS model in 2010 to re-evaluate the long term bed degradation downstream of the weir to assess structure stability. Additionally, the USACE estimated downstream localized scour depths using scour equations developed by Bormann and Julien (1991), Laursen and Flick (1983), and Lim (1992). After noting the structure needed additional modifications to prevent structural failure the USACE funded the development of a physical mobile bed model based on Froude Similitude to model scour patterns downstream of the Jemez Weir. This research takes the investigation one step further through the development and testing of a two-dimensional fixed bed model using the Bureau of Reclamation's Sedimentation and River Hydraulics – Two Dimensional (SRH-2D) program. The two-dimensional fixed bed model was used


Illiberis (Primilliberis) pruni Dyer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is an orchard pest distributed in China, Korea, the Far East of Russia, Mongolia and Japan. Field investigations organized in Naruto, Tokushima, Japan in 2008-2010 showed an attraction of the males of this species to (2R)-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate alone and a mixture containing this compound and (2R)-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate. A further, more precise test, organized in 2011 clearly showed that for I. pruni males the most active attractant was the mixture containing (2R)-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate and (2R)-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate in a ratio of 100:10. The seasonal flight of I. pruni as registered by catches in the pheromone traps in 2008-2011 was found to take place in June.


Lost teeth reduce the oral health related quality of life significantly and affect the psychological state of the person concerned negatively. Nowadays, replacement of teeth with implants is a common procedure and patients embrace the possibilities to restore their quality of life. As there are numerous ways to restore a patient's dentition, this article exemplarily uses two case reports to illuminate the decision making which treatment concepts to choose for full mouth reconstructions.


In a voyage beginning 24 July in Ulsan, South Korea, and ending i n St Petersburg, Russia, on 21 September 1992, the icebreaker Kapitan Khlebnikov successfully completed an unassisted transit of the Northwest Passage, from Bering Strait to the North Atlantic Ocean. The ship was chartered jointly by Polar Schiffahrts-Consulting, Hamburg, Germany; Blyth and Company Travel, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and D.G. Wells Marine Ltd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was marketed for tourists, some of whom traveled the entire distance of 14,120 nautical miles [26,150 km]. Khlebnikov was the fifty-third vessel to complete the Northwest Passage since Roald Amundsen first accomplished it in 1906 (Pullen and Swithinbank 1991, and confirmed by the office of Coast Guard Northern, Ottawa, Canada).


A novel heterodyne scheme based on real-time digital signal processing is proposed for leakage cancellation in monostatic frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. Compared to conventional analog implementation, the advantages of the proposed scheme include that the DC offset existing in analog mixers affecting the cancellation performance are eliminated. A radar test bed at 26 GHz has been built. The measurement results show more than 40 dB suppression in transmitter leakage, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The theoretical series of knowledge - practitioners of forensic basic sciences that come together on the forensic dentist, urge so that by means of their expert works, must like last aim serve justice. This article tries to heighten the aid capacities that can carry out forensic dentist given the magnitude of its battle area and because she/he is a professional highly enabled to show the importance of the deathly pale phenomena that are described in this review. The evident manifestations will be the deathly pale phenomena on the estomatognatic system in multiple causes of death, their the individual and environmental methods of establishment, factors in which they are contributor, their laws, their stages, their exceptions, etc., so that from the participation of the forensic dentist in the judicial area like so can there be conjectured.


The invention provides a production method of acid-soluble potassium humate. The production method is as follows: smashing washed and purified weathered coal to 40-80 meshes, adding the weathered coal, nitric acid and tap water in a reaction kettle in a proportion of 1:1.5:5, simultaneously adding a ferrovanadium compound catalyst which accounts for 0.5-1.5% of weathered coal amount, and closing the reaction kettle; slowly rising the temperature to 130-200 DEG C, pressurizing to 0.3-1MPa, reacting for 2-4 hours, and then adding potassium hydroxide in the separated acid-soluble potassium humate solution so as to regulate the pH value to 5.0-6.0; and concentrating the material by a triple effect evaporator until the concentration is 15-20%, drying step by step to form a particle shape, thus the finished product is obtained, wherein the content of humic acid (HA) in washed and purified weathered coal is large than or equal to 75%, and the content of ash in the washed and purified weathered coal is less than or equal to 10%. The ferrovanadium compound catalyst is prepared by the steps: adding water in oxalate for dissolving, and adding ammonium metavanadate for reaction so as to obtain a vanadyl oxalate solution; adding activated carbon for separation, recovering filter cake, drying and roasting so as to obtain an activated carbon-loaded V2O5 catalyst; dispersing the activated carbon in a FeCl3 solution, stirring, adding ammonia water for regulation, separating with a plate-frame type filter press, drying, and roasting to obtain an activated carbon-loaded Fe2O3 catalyst; and evenly mixing the two catalysts in a proportion of 1:1.


Mobile data traffic has exploded over the last few years, especially with the introduction of smart phones in conjunction with increased capacity of mobile networks (HSDPA, LTE). It is commonly admitted that this continuous growth of traffic will induce congestion on the radio segment, usually considered as the bottleneck of the mobile chain. QoS mechanisms adapted to the radio segment are then potentially required when differentiated QoS is targeted. An associated QoS architecture has been defined by the 3GPP (e.g. use of multiple radio bearers per terminal, Guaranteed Bit Rate bearers). It is however inherited from a circuit-based model, which was suitable when voice services were predominant, but which is not so adapted to new packet oriented data services and to open multitask devices. In this paper, after a short summary of the weaknesses of the existing circuit-based QoS model, we introduce the concept of "IP aware radio scheduling", an IP centric approach which aims at adapting some of the concepts of DiffServ to a wireless interface. The flexibility of this "all IP paradigm" and its relevance to mobile networks are highlighted. Initial simulations results in an LTE environment are then reported, before concluding on the aspects still to be investigated and the next steps.


To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for the treatment of localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the absence of another standard treatment option.


The physiological and anatomical clinical characteristics of pregnant women make them susceptible to complications caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Increased coagulation and risk of thromboembolic phenomena are common during pregnancy; they are further enhanced when associated with a thrombogenic pathology such as in COVID-19. The treatment of COVID-19 is controversial and limited, even for non-pregnant patients. During pregnancy, the options are even more restricted due to the teratogenicity of some drugs and anatomical and physiological difficulties, especially in advanced pregnancy in patients with respiratory failure. Therefore, the focus of treatment for pregnant patients should be centered on isolation, monitoring fetal and maternal vital signs, uterine activity, and general maternal-fetal well-being. The prescription of drugs and management orientation should be based on gestational age and maternal clinical conditions. The optimal type of delivery is guided by obstetric indications and COVID-19 disease severity. Breastfeeding should be encouraged with the use of masks and hand hygiene. The treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19 brings important peculiarities that should be considered in order to make better decisions for preserving the health of the mother and fetus.


The anti-inflammation and analgesic effects of "Yangxue Ruanjian Capsule" were studied in animals. Results showed that the Capsule could obviously suppress the auricle and paw swelling, increase pain threshold strikingly and inhibit body torsiversion, suggesting than the Capsule is quite effective for anti-inflammation and analgesia.


Given two sequences S1, S2 and a constrained sequence C, the longest common subsequence of S1, S2 with restriction to C is defined as the constrained longest common subsequence (CLCS) of S1, S2 and C. At the same time, the best alignment of S1, S2 with restriction to C is defined as the constrained pairwise sequence alignment (CPSA) of S1, S2 and C. Previous algorithms have shown that both CLCS and CPSA can be solved in O(rnm) time using similar dynamic programming formulas, where r = |C|, n = |S1| and m = |S2|. In 2004, Arslan first extended the definition of CLCS to a more flexible version, where the number of ignored constraints is allowed to a degree d and time complexity increases to O(drnm). In this paper, we extend the definition of CPSA to another version, called weighted CPSA (WCPSA), and show that WCPSA can not only be solved in O(rnm) time but also allow ignoring constraints by setting proper weights. In addition, we also show that some constraint-related problems can be immediately solved by adopting WCPSA.


Discusses difficulties in the conservation of buildings from the 1900s due to the lack of programmed maintenance and an understanding of the attitudes that accompanied the use of new materials introduced in this period, such as aluminium, reinforced concrete and stainless steel. Attitudes were conditioned by economic needs and the belief that new materials could endure time, thereby negatively affecting maintenance activities. In this sense, the meaning of compatibility, durability, and maintenance are questioned within the context of materials employed for conservation purposes. For this, the authors cite Enrico Agostino Griffini's text: La costruzione razionale della casa (The Rational Construction of Houses).


An update on fibre science and technology. New horizons in the fibre industry. Louis Atwell Olney: pioneering textile educator and founder of the AATCC. Full circle in cellulose. Historical applications of synthetic resins for passive and interventive conservation of fragile woven vegetable fibres and collagenous skins. A brief history of cuprammonium rayon. History of viscose rayon. History of cellulose graft copolymers. Development of applications and properties of cellulose graft copolymers. History of cellulose acetate fibres. History of development of texturing yarns for chemical fibres. Chemically-modified natural fibres. History of acrylonitrile fibres. Early advances in the use of acrylic resins for the conservation of antiquities. Antimicrobial fibres and polymers. Synthetic fibers from 'pure science': DuPont hires Carothers. Textile mill scale-up of nylon hosiery. History of fibre production by melt spin-orientation processes. History of spandex elastomeric fibres. Development of polyethylene fibres. History of polypropylene fibres. History of aramid fibres. The other aramid fibres. High performance fibres. Major advances in polyester 2GT technology 1941-1990. History of poly [phenylene Sulfide] fibres. History of carbon fibres. History of miscellaneous manmade fibres. History of blends of fibres. Some background for the textile industry in the 20th century. Index.


The eleventh annual session of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Administrative Council was held in Geneva from April 25 to May 19, 1956 under the chairmanship of Mohamed Nazir Mirza (Pakistan). The Council decided on a tentative program of ITU conferences which included 1) the Plenipotentiary Conference and the Administrative Radio Conference, to be held together in 1959; and 2) the Administrative Telephone and Telegraph Conference, to be held in Geneva toward the end of 1958, with the final dates to be set by the Plenary Assemblies in September and December of 1956.


Conjugated polymer could be obtained by the polymerization of4,7-diethynylbenzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole ( M-1) with 1,4-diazidobenzene ( M-2) via click reaction. The polymer showsstrong blue-green fluorescence due to the extended π-electronicstructure in the main chain backbone. The responsive optical propertiesof the polymer on various transition metal ions were investigatedby fluorescence spectroscopy. Compared with other transition metalcations, such as Co 2 +, Hg 2 , Hg 2 +,Ag + ,Ag + , Cd 2 +, Cu 2 , Cu 2 + andZn 2 andZn 2 +, Ni 2 , Ni 2 + showedthe most pronounced fluorescence response in the presence of theconjugated polymer. The results indicate this kind of polymer withbenzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole and triazole units canbe used as a selective fluorescence sensor for Ni 2 showedthe most pronounced fluorescence response in the presence of theconjugated polymer. The results indicate this kind of polymer withbenzo[2,1,3]thiadiazole and triazole units canbe used as a selective fluorescence sensor for Ni 2 + detection.


In this study, the key factors influencing the foam stability of pure draft beer were investigated. The content of high-molecular protein and the activity of proteinase A were detected by Coomassie brilliant blue method and fluorescence-based assay in both beer brewing and beer storage process, respectively. The results showed that, different fermenting parameters in each fermenting vessels resulted in significant difference in the change of high-molecular protein content and proteinase A activity. During the fermenting stage, high-molecular protein content decreased slowly from 350~407.6 mg/L in wort to 180.1~243.1 mg/L in product beer, and proteinase A activity strengthened slowly prior to yeast harvesting and reached the highest levels of 18.27~30.13 U/m L, after yeast harvesting, proteinase A activity reduced and finally its activity in product beer was only 19.06 %~36.4 % of the previous highest value. Through the tracing of high-molecular protein content and proteinase A activity in product pure draft beer and the analysis of their effects on beer foam stability, it was found that there was significant positive relations between high-molecular protein content and foam stability(r=0.794, P0.01), however, there was no significant relations between proteinase A activity and foam stability/ high-molecular protein content.


Objective To study the effects of total alkaloid from Solanum nigrum (TASN) on sialic acid (SA) and blocking degree of tumor cell membrane in H_(22) tumor-bearing mice. Methods H_(22) tumor-bearing mice model was established and H_(22) tumor-bearing mice were given NS, Cytoxan (CTX), and TASN (9.375, 18.75, and 37.5 mg/kg) by sc, respectively. SA content and blocking degree of tumor cell membrane in H_(22) mice were determined by chromatometry. Results TASN could decrease the SA content and the blocking degree of tumor cell membrane in H_(22) tumor-bearing mice in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion TASN shows the antitumor activity through decreasing the SA content and blocking degree of tumor cell membrane in H_(22) tumor-bearing mice.


In the hot embossing of moulded interconnect devices (MIDs), metallization and structuring of the conductive pattern occur in one pass. The adhesive strength of the embossed metallic conductor depends essentially on the embossing temperature. The respective conductor structures play a crucial role in the optimization of processing parameters.


The aim of this study was to extract chicken leg bone, which is a by-product of industrial poultry processing, using different heating temperatures (80, 90 and 100°C) and durations (5, 10 and 15 min). The pH value, soluble protein content, peptide content and antioxidative properties, including superoxide anion scavenging ability, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, reducing capacity and inhibitory activity of linoleic acid peroxidation, were measured. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in pH value among all treatments. Decreased soluble protein content and peptide content were observed in chicken leg bone extract obtained under higher heating temperatures (90 or 100°C) and longer heating durations (10 or 15 min). In antioxidative properties, the extracts which were heated at 90 or 100°C for 15 min exhibited significantly higher superoxide anion scavenging ability, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, reducing capacity and inhibitory activity of linoleic acid peroxidation (p<0.05).


The study evaluates the economic feasibility of substituting domestically-produced maize and soya for imports in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), with special emphasis given to the availability of land suitable for their production, domestic production costs relative to import costs, and the implications for employment and the balance of payments. Two major conclusions are derived. First, if a maize/soya industry had existed in 1975 under the cost conditions assumed, it could have potentially reduced both maize and soya meal imports by about 45%, and soya oil imports by over 30%. Second, land and labour resources within the Community are adequate to achieve self-sufficiency in either feed or oil, but not both. The implications of self-sufficiency for resource use and foreign exchange differ significantly among countries. Superficially, it appears that quotas, required only in Guyana and Jamaica, provide the simplest means to achieve import substitution. However, quotas are viewed unfavourably by the international community. Prohibitive tariffs provide a theoretical alternative, but the rates required would generally be over 50% and would differ between member countries. Because CARICOM has been attempting to harmonize its tariffs and adopt a common external tariff, harmonization on the maximum rate needed to ensure self-sufficiency could result in excessive protection in some of the member countries


A seismic able was designed and built with 22 wire-pairs connected to system ground and distributed uniformly throughout the cable cross section to form an interstitial shield. Additional shielding was obtained by switching unused wires to ground via the roll-along switch. Measurements indicated that inter-channel cross feed can be reduced by 15 to 30 dB, depending upon the relative location of wire-pairs in the cable cross section. Powerline pickup of 60 Hz and higher harmonics was attenuated by at least 30 dB with the same shielding configuration. Interstitial shielding adds very little to the cost or weight of the seismic able and has the potential for improving data quality by reducing crosstalk and the need for powerline interference notch filters and their inherent phase distortions,


Let φ be the class of all p-decomposable groups.Using the concept,c-supplement of subgroup,two sufficient conditions of p-decomposable groups are obtained:(1)If any cyclic subgroup of G of order 4 is c-suplemented in G and any minimal subgroup of G is contained in φ-hypercenter of G,then G is a p-decomposable group;(2)Let H be a normal subgroup of G and G/H be a p-decomposable group.If any cyclic subgroup of H of order 4 is c-supplemented in G and any minimal subgroup of H is contained in φ-hypercenter of G,then G is a p-decomposable group.


injector comprising a body (11) housed in a housing (10) and having an injection orifice surrounded by a valve seat to form an ejection port, through which a nozzle needle bearing head shutter; the head cooperates with the valve seat. A shutter spring (46) provides the bias of the needle (35) in its closed position. An actuator moves the needle with the aid of an operating element (16, 32) when the injector is closed, it is held in abutment with the nozzle needle (35) by a spring (23) acting in the opening direction.


The $10M ANA Avatar XPRIZE aimed to create avatar systems that can transport human presence to remote locations in real time. The participants of this multi-year competition developed robotic systems that allow operators to see, hear, and interact with a remote environment in a way that feels as if they are truly there. On the other hand, people in the remote environment were given the impression that the operator was present inside the avatar robot. At the competition finals, held in November 2022 in Long Beach, CA, USA, the avatar systems were evaluated on their support for remotely interacting with humans, exploring new environments, and employing specialized skills. This article describes the competition stages with tasks and evaluation procedures, reports the results, presents the winning teams' approaches, and discusses lessons learned.


Design activities, project control, construction coordination, plant operations and maintenance, along with reliability and availability analysis (and associated regulatory reporting requirements) are enhanced by a means of uniquely identifying power plant component functions and relating them to systems. An industry-generated recommended practice is described as a means to provide a common identification structure and coding scheme to facilitate this identification and provide a basis for correlating individual AE/utility identification schemes. The principles and definitions, the code structure, and the sources of component function and system identifiers are developed in a series of recommended practice documents which are described herein. The concepts presented in this paper have been substantially proven in use by utilities, architect engineering firms, and various government and industry agencies.


Abstract: The transport and metabolism of radiolabeled leukotriene (LT) C4 in the CNS were investigated after intraventricular injection. Under thiopental (Pentothal) anesthesia, New Zealand white rabbits were injected intracerebroventricularly with 0.2 ml of artificial CSF containing 2.5 μCi of [3H]LTC4 (36 Ci/mmol), 0.3 μCi of [4C]mannitol, and, in some cases, 0.9 mg of probenecid, 1.8 mg of cysteine, 1.4 μg of unlabeled LTC4, or 2 mg of tolazoline HCl. After 2 h, the conscious rabbits were killed, and the quantity and nature of the 3H and 14C were determined in CSF, choroid plexus, and brain. The [3H]LTC4 recovered in CSF and brain was not extensively metabolized, as >70% of the 3H remained [3H]LTC4, although some spontaneous conversion to 11‐trans‐[3H]LTC4 occurred. Oxidized forms of [3H]LTC4, [3H]LTD4, and [3H]LTE4 did not exceed 18% in CSF and brain. After intraventricular injection of [3H]LTC4, 3H was transferred from the CSF to blood by a probenecidsensitive, but tolazoline‐insensitive, transport system in the CNS much more rapidly than mannitol. Cysteine decreased the retention of [3H]LTC4 in brain. These results are consistent with previous in vitro observations that [3H]LTC4 is transferred from CSF into blood by an efficient transport system for LTC4 in choroid plexus.


This article uses the visualization software CiteSpace to take the 272 medical-to-physical literatures of China Academic Journals Online Publishing Database (CNKI) as the data source. It attempts to construct knowledge about medical-to-physical integration by quantifying the time of publication, authors, institutions, and keywords. Map and analyze it. The study found that the exploration of medical-physical integration in the context of a healthy China is based on the practice of medical-physical integration. In-depth research is a research hotspot. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the knowledge map of medical-physical integration, the future academic circles on the "medical and physical education reform in various fields and colleges, training professionals" and "improving the masses with sports to promote health concepts, building a healthy China" is likely to become a research hotspot on this topic.


The debate on the type of urban form that is the most efficient with respect to transportation energy consumption and the associated pollutant emissions has produced ambiguous results. This paper contributes to the debate through an analysis of the efficiency of simulated urba nforms for the time period 1991-2021 with the help of IMULATE, an Integrated Transportation and Land Use Model for the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area. The urban forms analysed are obtained by varying the spatial distribution of the projected household growth in the region. The status quo is compared to a compact urban form and to two multi nucleated forms. The results, albeit ambiguous, demonstrate that the way future scenarios are developed can have a significant impact on inferences drawn from such studies.


The "New Hollywood" that emerged in the late sixties is now widely recognized as an era of remarkable filmmaking, when directors enjoyed a unique autonomy to craft ambitious, introspective movies that evinced a cinematic world of hard choices, complex interpersonal relationships, compromised heroes, and uncertain outcomes. The New Hollywood Revisited brings together a remarkable collection of authors (some of whom wrote about the New Hollywood as it unfolded), to revisit this unique era in American cinema (circa 1967-1976). It was a decade in which a number of extraordinary factors – including the end of a half-century-old censorship regime and economic and demographic changes to the American film audience – converged and created a new type of commercial film, imprinted with the social and political context of the times: the civil rights movement, the Vietnam War, the sexual revolution, women's liberation, economic distress, urban decay, and, looming, the Shakespearean saga of the Nixon presidency. This volume offers the opportunity to look back, with nearly fifty years hindsight, at a golden age in American filmmaking.


Pollen analyses were used to determine alternative foraging resources of spring and early season adult boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in 1995 at three Texas locations: Uvalde, Crockett, and Munday. Overall, 82% of the boll weevils ( n = 486) contained pollen, and over 8,900 pollen grains were encountered. Pollen representing 58 families, 97 genera, and 46 species were identified in the samples. Salicaceae (28%), Fabaceae (13%), and Poaceae (8%) pollen grains represented the highest percentage of pollen types: whereas, Poaceae (45%), Asteraceae (43%), and Fabaceae (34%) pollen grains were found in the greatest number of samples. Fabaceae had more pollen taxa followed by Asteraceae. Uvalde samples had the highest species diversity and species richness. Although there were no significant differences in species diversity, richness, and evenness among the three sites, there was a significant reduction in species diversity in Munday samples from June to July. Our research shows that boll weevils at three Texas locations foraged on a variety of pollen. Identified pollen spectra reflected the habitat from where the boll weevils were captured.


To study influence factors of quadruped dynamic walking robot on walking stability, ADAMS virtual prototype software is used to simulate dynamic walking of quadruped. Methods and procedures of trace planning, imputing data from MATLAB into ADAMS, application of load and virtual prototype modelling are stated in this paper. The influencing factors on walking stability are analyzed according to theory and simulation results, such as stride length, walking cycle period and initial stance. Some experiments which cannot be done with real prototype have been done with the virtual prototype created by us. Influences of initial stance on walking stability of the robot is also revealed and analyzed. It may be useful for design, research and simulation experiment of quadruped walking robot.


A series of organic salts derived from various dicarboxylic acids and two α,ω-diamines, namely, 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,4-diaminobutane, were prepared and characterized by various physicochemical techniques, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, with the aim of extending the well-studied 2D primary ammonium dicarboxylate (PAD) supramolecular synthon in the context of supramolecular gelation. Single crystal structures of 9 out of 14 diprimary ammonium dicarboxylate (DPAD) salts were determined. The results showed that none of the salts displayed the expected 2D DPAD synthon; instead, all of them self-assembled into a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. Consequently, only two salts, namely, B3FA and B4SA, appeared to show gelation behavior producing weak gels—a finding that corroborated well with the current understanding of gelation.


This paper deals with the multiple phase screen mathematical model and simulation of radio signal propagation in the atmosphere.Under the spherically symmetric assumption,the refractivity of atmosphere is obtained by means of cubic-spline interpolation from radiosonde data.Under the plane-wave assumption,a multiple-phase-screen technique is used to describe the relationship between the complex amplitudes on the input screen and on the output.By means of FFT and IFFT,complex signals propagate between successive phase screens.The phase and amplitude on the observation screen are obtained in numerical simulation using Matlab.


This study presents the analysis of 381 phytosociological releves describing predominantly ombrotrophic South Patagonian lowland peatland vegetation along a gradient of increasing continentality. Numerical methods such as cluster analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) were carried out to explore the data set. Cluster analysis resulted in nine vegetation types that were also distinctly separated in DCA ordination. The major floristic coenocline along the first DCA axis reflected a gradient of continentality ranging from pacific blanket bogs dominated by cushion plants to Sphagnum-dominated continental raised bogs. Increasing continentality along the first axis went parallel with decreasing peat decomposition and increasing peat depth and acidity. Contrary, floristic variation along the second DCA axis represented a water level gradient. The typical sequence of vegetation types along the hollow-hummock moisture gradient that is well established for north hemispherical peatlands could also be observed in Sphagnumdominated South Patagonian raised bogs with a surprising similarity in floristic and structural features. Concerning the gradient of continentality significant differences in comparison with the northern hemisphere could be established. Most obvious was the


Genome shuffling attracted much attention since it was put forward in biological industry.It had great potential in breeding research and application.The genome shuffling technique principle and advantage were emphatically elaborated,and the main achievements that genome shuffling emerged in the field of resistance strain breeding,high yield stain breeding and metabolic pathway reconstruction were introduced.


Abstract New Zealand primary school teachers have access to a comprehensive arts curriculum that includes dance, drama, music, and visual arts. This research focused on several teachers' reality of implementing the dance curriculum in New Zealand primary schools, drawing on Snook's (2012) study in this field. Our research valued the voices of teachers, principals, and parents. We found that the primary school teachers in this study lacked experience in teaching dance, manifesting as a lack of confidence to teach dance in their classrooms. The teachers spoke to the practice of bringing in dance experts to kick start, support, develop, and mentor dance programs in their schools. A surprising, yet clear finding from our study was that a teacher's preexisting lack of confidence in teaching dance might be compounded by the visit of an expert. This statement raises several issues regarding artists in schools programs in New Zealand that are examined in this article.


Targeted genome editing (GE) technology has brought a significant revolution in fictional genomic research and given hope to plant scientists to develop desirable varieties. This technology involves inducing site‐specific DNA perturbations that can be repaired through DNA repair pathways. GE products currently include CRISPR‐associated nuclease DNA breaks, prime editors generated DNA flaps, single nucleotide‐modifications, transposases, and recombinases. The discovery of double‐strand breaks, site‐specific nucleases (SSNs), and repair mechanisms paved the way for targeted GE, and the first‐generation GE tools, ZFNs and TALENs, were successfully utilized in plant GE. However, CRISPR‐Cas has now become the preferred tool for GE due to its speed, reliability, and cost‐effectiveness. Plant functional genomics has benefited significantly from the widespread use of CRISPR technology for advancements and developments. This review highlights the progress made in CRISPR technology, including multiplex editing, base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE), as well as the challenges and potential delivery mechanisms.


There is an error in the ventral disc description of Giardia lamblia. The ventral disc of Giardia lamblia is a right-handed spiral array. Figure 3 legend is incorrect as a result of this error. Please view the correct Figure 3 legend, updated Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure S1, Video S1, Video S2, Video S3, and Video S4, which contains a right-handed spiral array on this page. Additionally, there are some errors in the ''Introduction'' and ''Results'' section as a result of the above modification. The correct sentences are listed below: The second sentence of the third paragraph of the ''Introduction'' section should read: ''The ventral disc is composed of a right-handed spiral array of parallel microtubules and tightly associated microribbons (Figure 1D) [9–12] that is surrounded by a fibrillar structure called the lateral crest (Figure 1A; LC).'' The fourth sentence of the second paragraph of the sub-heading ''Whole cell reconstruction of a Giardia trophozoite illustrates the highly structured 3-D architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton'' of the ''Results'' section should read : "The majority of the microtubule-microribbon complexes originates from a series of dense bands at a region near the caudal and posterior-lateral basal bodies (Figure 1E) and form a right-handed spiral (Figure 3A).'' The seventh sentence of the second paragraph of the subheading "Whole cell reconstruction of a Giardia trophozoite illustrates the highly structured 3-D architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton" of the ''Results'' section should read: "Occasionally, an array of microtubules called "supernumerary microtubules" [9], which lack associated microribbons and form a short left-handed spiral fragment (Figure 1F)."


(LE) (Citrus limon (L.) Burman fil.), rosemary (RO) (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Spanish oregano (SO) (Thymbra capitata Griseb.) and thyme (TH) (Thymus zygis L.), were investigated for their activity on the complement system and their antioxidant properties by in vitro assays. Oils were obtained from commercial sources. Their main components (identified by GC-MS and quantified by GC-FID) were as follow: eugenol (86.2%) for CL; limonene (71.6%), s-pinene (12.2%) and γ-terpinene (6.9%) for LE; 1,8 cineole (49.7%), α-pinene (9,9%) and camphor (9,6%) for RO; carvacrol (73,5%) for SO, and thymol (56,6%) and p-cymene (28,4%) for TH. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [1]. The activity on classical complement pathway was determined in human serum by hemolytic assay [2]. Positive control was quercetin for both assays, showing an IC =10.5±4.6µg/mL for the DPPH test and an IC =33.7±4.3µg/mL for the assay on the complement system. Only CL showed antioxidant activity in the DPPH (IC =13.2±2.9µg/mL), indicating that this oil has free radical scavenging activity. Results on inhibition of the classical pathway of the complement system, showed that TH and CL have similar weak activity, with IC =61.4±10,6µg/mL and 72.7±4.1µg/mL, respectively. SO, RO and LE showed no inhibitory effect on the complement system activated by the classical pathway. In conclusion, from the five oils tested, the clove essential showed the best combination of free radical scavenging and complement inhibitory activities.


[Objective] To forecast the trend of the population based on the population data between 1992 and 2006 of Sichuan province. [Methods] Grey forecast model established was performed to forecast by the population data. [Results] The number of population in 2, 10, 2015 and 2020 would be 89.075 million, 91.737 million, and 94.479 million respectively. [Conclusion] The population of Sichuan province showed to be an increasing trend. The quantity of population must be con- trolled, therefore, how to improve the quality of population is still a serious problem.


Kashiwara conjectured that the hard Lefshetz theorem and the semisimplicity theorem hold for any semisimple perverse sheaf M on a variety over a field of characteristic 0. He also conjectured that if you apply to such M the nearby cycle functor corresponding to some function then the successive quotients of the monodromy filtration are semisimple. We prove that these conjectures would follow from de Jong's conjecture on representations modulo l of the arithmetic fundamental group of a variety over a finite field.


The K-shell photoeffect is studied in the limit of zero kinetic energy of the outgoing photoelectron. The relativistic ( alpha Z)/sup 2/ corrections are obtained in the general case, and "exact" numerical calculations are performed for Z = 92. The total cross section is reduced by 21% (for Z = 92), and the angular distribution is changed, compared to the nonrelativistic results. Considerable electron polarization effects are obtained. (auth)


The experimental model of the gyrotropic medium for the millimeter wavelength band is designed on the bulk metamaterial - an array of flat chiral rosette-shaped structures. It is shown that the bulk metamaterial under study can rotate the polarization plane of the transmitted wave at quite large angles. Experimentally observed and investigated the region of maximum frequency dispersion of the rotation angle of the incident wave with the plane polarization. It was found that when rotation angle is closely to 90°, the level of the cross-polarization signal does not exceed -8 dB. The chirality parameters for the structures with several values of the length have been calculated. The possibility to control the position of area of the maximal frequency dispersion for polarization plane rotation angle by varying the structure length is demonstrated.


Abstract The centrosaurine ceratopsid genus Styracosaurus is known from multiple specimens and a multigeneric bone bed in the upper 30 m of the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of southern Alberta, and a single specimen (S. ovatus) from approximately time equivalent sediments of the Two Medicine Formation of Montana. Key cranial elements (nasals and postorbitals) of Styracosaurus appear to undergo similar ontogenetic changes as documented in Centrosaurus. Although all adult-sized centrosaurines except Centrosaurus apertus are known to possess spike-like parietal ornamentation at the P3 position on the parietal, only Styracosaurus has the P4 ornamentation expressed as a well-developed spike. Styracosaurus shows intraspecific variation in the shape of the more anteriorly placed P5–P7 ornamentation that are either the typical unmodified crest-shaped epoccipitals of other centrosaurines or are developed as short spikes. S ovatus from Montana is retained as a valid species based on the autapomorphic convergence of the P3 spikes toward the midline.


Groups in joint operations simulation are extremely complex, and traditional individual-centered entity modeling technology can't meet the needs of joint operations simulation anymore. The development of groups' organizational structure model is the basis for in-depth study. Organizational structure models for multi-agent systems are not suitable for describing the organizational groups in joint operations simulation. In order to fulfill the requirements of large-scale joint operation simulations, we apply the description logic of tasks to modeling the organizational structure of virtual groups, and on that basis we develop a group organizational structure model named GRNA. The model contains two sub models: cognition sub-model based on domain ontology and interaction submodel reflecting the collaboration between tasks. Through the case study, we show that the model can describe norms and abilities of groups and provide powerful services for decidable deduction of achievability of organization tasks.


This paper discusses the working procedure,replacement error and the problems in operation of the replacement slip annulus of wiper motor.


The principal aim of the present study was to analyse gaze behaviour and decision making behaviour of volleyball players when blocking, for two different types of setting: standing and jump. Seven volleyball players (25.14 ± 3.98 years) from the senior category (FEV category) who block during games took part in this study. An eye tracker (Mobile Eye from ASL laboratory) was used for analysing the gaze behaviour of the volleyball players and Superlab 4.0 software was used to analyse decision making skills. Results revealed that volleyball players use different visual search behaviour or strategies for the two types of sets that were analysed; moreover, ball-wrist gazes are the most repeated gaze.


Method for patterning a silicon nitride dielectric film is described. For example, a method of isotropic etching the dielectric film, the oxygen-based plasma treatment, the exposed regions of the silicon nitride layer partially reformed, the reforming portion and the unmodified portion of this by the silicon nitride layer including the step of providing a. This method also, the second plasma treatment, optionally in the unmodified portion, comprising the step of removing the modified portion of the silicon nitride layer.


This study was conducted to find out if the psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions of paramedical personnel were affected by their socio-demographic factors and to determine whether there is a significant relation between their psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions. The study has been sectionally contucted in July-August 2010, to a 1200 bed education and research hospital in Ankara. We aimed at reaching all of the paramedical personnel without any sampling. Of 600 questionnaires distributed, we collected 458 (76,3%). The questionnaire used for collecting data consists of three parts. The first part concentrates on the individual characteristics of health workers while the second part contains the 17 item Psychological Contract Scale developed by Millward and Hopkins (1998) that is based on the quantitative approach of psychological contract. ln the third part, we used the "Organisational Justice Measurement'' with 17 statements developed by Colquitt (2001). One of the statements refers to the study of Işcan and Naktiyok (2004). The results of the study showed that the psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions of paramedical personnel were very low. Also, their psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions were significantly affected by gender (p<0,05), and education level affected only the relationship dimension of psychological contract and information dimension of organizational justice (p<0,05). On the contrary, it was found that occupation, age, total working duration and working years in this hospital were not significant variables of health workers' psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions (p>0,05). In addition, it was seen that there was a significant but weak relationshlp between health workers' psychological contract and organizational justice perceptions. The results of this study can provide signiflcant information to the health care management to understand psychological contract and organisational justice perception of their paramedical personnel.


See the ruling of the Court of appeal: Dominique Ferre, Tying: The Paris Court of Appeal rules on the anticompetitive effect of tying discounts in the pharmaceutical sector (Novartis Pharma /…


Sir, Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating, major psychiatric disorder that may require life-long treatment. Treatment of such patients at an early stage may improve the rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as productivity. Till date, pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment in such patients. The serendipitous discovery of chlorpromazine and lithium in the 1950s brought about a revolution in the field of psychopharmacology. Although highly efficacious, the sideeffects of these older conventional drugs were distressing, leading to an active search for better agents. The advent of newer antipsychotic agents such as olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine has led to major changes in the drug usage pattern. Presently, a number of antipsychotic agents are available and this, at times, makes it difficult to select a particular antipsychotic drug on a rational basis and not empirically. These agents are increasingly being used for a variety of indications. Keeping these factors in mind, a prospective study was conducted by the Department of Pharmacology in the Psychiatry OPD of the Himalayan Institute Hospital—a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Uttaranchal—during 2002– 2003. The aim of the study was to analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs in stable patients with chronic schizophrenia, and to correlate the availability of newer medicines in the market and their usage on current psychiatric practice. One hundred and eighteen adult stable patients with schizophrenia, diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria, were included in the study. Individual data were collected in a predesigned format and analysed on parameters such as the distribution of subsets of the disease, demographic profile and psychotropic drug use pattern. Results showed the following distribution of different types of schizophrenia: paranoid 51.7% (61), disorganized 5.9% (7), catatonic 10.2% (12), undifferentiated 3.4% (4), residual 11.8% (14), episodic, i.e. interepisodic residual symptoms with prominent negative symptoms 10.1% (12) and episodic with no interepisodic symptoms or continuous with prominent negative symptoms 6.7% (8). There were 64 males (54.23%) and 54 females (45.76%); 68 patients (57.62%) were <30 years of age and 50 (42.37%) were >30 years. As regards the socioeconomic status, 45 patients belonged to the upper income group, 62 to the middle income group and 11 to the low income group. Of the total patients, 28 were professionals, 51 non-professionals, 23 students and 16 labourers or farmers. Table 1 gives the drug use pattern of patients with schizophrenia. A total of 338 drugs were prescribed, out of which 316 were given orally and 22 parenterally as depot formulations. The different antipsychotics used were: olanzapine 44.4%, haloperidol 28.5%, risperidone 9.5%, quetiapine 6.3%, aripiprazole 5.2%, ziprasidone 4.2% and thioridazine 2.6%. Of the total 189 antipsychotic medications used orally, 58 patients were prescribed only one antipsychotic drug, 49 were prescribed two and 11 were given more than two antipsychotics. Of the anticholinergics, trihexyphenidyl was prescribed for 64 patients. A trend towards multidrug therapy was observed. Also evident was a shift towards the use of newer atypical antipsychotic agents. Concomitant anticholinergics were used only in about half of the patients, reflecting their reduced usage with the increasing use of newer atypical antipsychotics. Fixed-dose combinations were also prescribed occasionally. Other psychotropic medications prescribed as adjunctive treatment were antidepressants (venlafaxine and fluoxetine), anxiolytics (clonazepam) and antimanic agents (sodium valproate). The treatment pattern observed correlates with the changing trends in the treatment of schizophrenia the world over. In recent years, newer atypical antipsychotic agents such Table 1. Drug use pattern of patients with schizophrenia in the Psychiatry OPD


This review of the medical literature on emphysema before and during the nineteenth century clearly demonstrates that the disease was highly prevalent before modern times. The alleged increase in the prevalence of emphysema during recent decades—on the basis of official death certifications—is a statistical illusion.


The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) is the main element of Ukrainian-EU relations. Although it was aimed to negotiate an Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU by November 2013, the President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych announced that he would not sign this Association Agreement. In this article, Ukraine-EU relations in the period of Yanukovych were analyzed by case analysis method and the reasons why Yanukovych was not signed by Yanukovych and the factors that were effective in making this decision were analyzed.


Ionizing radiat ion has been used in an attempt to control biological processes, among them cicatr izat ion. These types of radiation, such as Beta rays, when crossing t issue promote a series of changes such as direct modif icat ion of the cell nucleus and indirec modif icat ions of protoplasm. The cells are more af fected in the premitotic phase and for this reason several appl icat ions of radiation are needed at t imed intervals so that a larger number of cells will be effect ively irradiated. The best source of Beta radiat ion is radioactive Strontium 90, whose action is maximal between 3 and 4mm of depth and does not exceed 8 mm. The object ive of the present invest igat ion was to study the inf luence of Beta radiat ion on the healing of skin wounds irradiated daily or on al ternate days and to compare these wounds with non-irradiated ones. Forty Wistar rats were submit ted to 2 dorsal incisions of 1,5cm paral lel to the spine and placed 3,0cm apart, reaching the skin and the subcutaneous network. After synthesis with monof i lament sutures, the wounds located on the right untreated in all animals and were al lowed to course natural ly, serving as control. The wounds located on the left were irradiated daily in 20 animals (group A) and on alternate days in 20 other animals (group B). The dose of i rradiat ion was 2500rad divided on the 3 r d , 7 t h , 14 th and 21st day after the beginning of the exper iment in order to evaluate the course of heal ing. Sect ions stained with hematoxyl in and eosin, Mallory t r ichrome and picro-sir ius were submit ted to histopathological evaluation. After stat ist ical analysis of the results concluded that there were no signi f icant macroscopic changes between the wounds irradiated daily or on alternate days and control wounds. Microscopical ly the irradiated wounds presented more intense edema in deep dermis and vascular di latat ion. There was no signif icant change in the organizat ion and epi thel izat ion of the scar. Greater col lagen density was observed on the superf ic ial zones of the scars in the wounds irradiated daily. The col lagen changes caused by Beta irradiation, which were more signif icant, were found in para-cicatr ic ia l areas during the early phases and in cicatr ic ial areas dur ing the late phases.


March 9, 1956 remains a controversial issue in Georgian historiography to this day, as the protest was ambivalent in its content ad demands. Despite differences of opinion, everyone agress, that this was the first anti-Soviet political rally in the Soviet Union. On the one hand, the demonastrators, insulted by Nikita Khrushov's report on "The cult of personality" at the 20th congress of the CPSU, praised Stalin, and on the other hand, distanced themselves from the Soviet Union and demanded national independence. In the Soviet Union (obviously in Soviet Georgia) this topic has been avoided for decades; It did not have a wide response in public discourse. Lasha Berulava comments on the tragedy in the article "March 9, 1956 – Another Bood Drop of the dead Man" the following opinion is expressed:"Stalin,with his death, acted as a "dead body" and "organized the massacre of the capital of the Georgian people. This was March 9, 1956, when Georgians protested against the cult of Stalin; It was Stalin who wrote to Orjonikidze standing near Tbilisi surrounded by Russian troops:"Attack now, take the city, I will command you!" {Berulava, 2011:09}.In this article we will try to briefly discuss the events of March 9, 1956, which take place agaibst the background of the life of a boy from the village, Lento. Lento, as a "chronicler" of "Looker" events from afar, tries to remember the "shots" which camera in his hand. Lento does not appear to be the leader's apologist either, but he still has trouble and loses his brother and sister in these "dumb" people.


Orbital angular momentum states (Laguerre–Gaussian modes) of photons are attracting attention for realizing a high-dimensional quantum space, and several experimental verifications of entanglement have been reported. Some of these experiments measure photons in the superposition of different azimuthal modes by shifting the hologram dislocation. But this method has the problem that various unneeded azimuthal modes mix in the measurement basis. In order to solve this problem, we propose a new method using a hologram and a path interferometer. We also report an experimental observation of non-classical correlation in the orbital angular momentum of photons by use of the proposed method.


Wittgenstein and Kripke disagree about the status of the proposition: the Standard Metre is one metre long. Wittgenstein believes it is necessary. Kripke argues that it is contingent. Kripke's argument depends crucially on a certain sort of thought-experiment with which we are invited to test our intuitions about what is and isn't necessary. In this paper I argue that, while Kripke's conclusion is strictly correct, nevertheless similar Kripke-style thought experiments indicate that the metric system of measurement is after all relative in something like the way Wittgenstein seems to think. Central to this paper is a thought-experiment I call The Smedlium Case.


Carbide alloy is characteristic with high hardness,high strength and high wear resistance and is difficult to be machined by traditional methods.In this paper,study was made on the NC electrochemical grinding of ST10CH carbide alloy,based on analyzing the factors such as electrolyte concentration,machining voltage,electrolyte pressure,feed speed and spindle speed.By orthogonal experiments,optimized parameters of processing ST10CH carbide alloy were obtained,with which the experiments for electrolyte temperature and feed speed were conducted and finally,a forming law of ST10CH carbide alloy was obtained.


This article answers the question of how simple accessible elearning tools can be exploited in innovative ways to enrich a learning environment. Social media tools are taken as an example of accessible e-learning tools. This paper, therefore, aims to enhance the understanding of how value can be created using social media in corporate and academic learning situations. Based on a qualitative approach sources of value creation can be classified into network related, offering related and macrolevel related ones. Additional factors of value creation are derived from the findings. As a context specific factor to value creation it is assessed by means of quantitative research instruments whether technology acceptance of social media differs in informal learning situation compared to formal learning situations. In a more explorative way, major obstacles to value creation are identified to be wrong cost assumptions, shifts in power structure, institutional culture, incentive systems and top management.


Using newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, embryos, the production and/or transmission of a homoiogenetic effect of the induction within a presumptive ectoderm was investigated. The primary inductor was the swimbladder of a crucian carp, Caracius auratus. In the first experiment, a piece of presumptive ectoderm was isolated from an early gastrula and one‐third of its inner surface was placed in contact with the swimbladder for 30 min. After removal of the inductor, the ectodermal piece was allowed to stand by itself for several hours (pre‐cultivation), and then it was divided into three parts of equal size, i.e. the end that had been placed in contact with the swimbladder (P1), the next middle (P2) and the end part (P3).


The fact that even our closest relatives in the animal kingdom cannot be taught language strongly suggests that language is based on biological foundations unique to our species. These foundations comprise the child's abilities to acquire its first language effortlessly as part of its normal maturation process, regardless of the language and of the learning environment. These foundations also comprise the adult's abilities to learn foreign languages, though the task is both different in nature and significantly more difficult. In recent years, we have deepened our knowledge of these foundations quite a bit; my purpose in this paper is to discuss a central issue in this area, the Critical Age Hypothesis, CAH.


Phytophthora nicotianae could grow very well on oatmeal glucose agar medium.The hygha was cultured in 30 ml Petri solution which put 2-3 drops of filtered soil suspension . In this kind of blended solution, the hyphea of P. nicotianae could preduce a great quantity of zoosporangium by 3 days. Zoosporangium could produce a great quantity of zoospore after treated under low temperature and culturing 24 hours once more.


Folk oral literature of ethnic minorities has powerful educational functions.We should introduce it selectively into ideological and political course according to teaching contents and requirements so as to improve teaching effect and realize educational goal.


This new book on counseling has much of value for the administrator and the counselor-and should perhaps be "suggested reading" for all engaged in any phase of a counseling program, and "required" for those assigned as counselors. Besides being instructive and provocative, the volume is interesting reading. The style, the typography, the free use of subheadings, and numbering make it easy to grasp and digest; the several twocolumn summaries to high light "what and how" and "how and why" are excellent aids to the reader. The author begins "at the beginning" with definitions ("What Is Interviewing?") but explains and clarifies by discussing purposes and approaches in the counseling interview. The trained and experienced counselor will find study of this book profitable; it will add to his understanding of his counseling job and will contribute to the further development of his own techniques and skill in this important servvice. The chapter on "Origin and Nature of Problems" is especially helpful. Here the author reminds us that problems often "exist in clusters" and warns against "mistaking symptoms for causes" -a common error made by counselors. He also gives some very practical suggestions on detecting the counselee's problems. "Suggestions to Interviewers" provides some fresh and practical help. Mr. Erickson reminds us that "the counselor is often his own worst enemy" and must guard himself and his "ego involvement" in the interview. The suggestions to listen to "theme songs" and look for the "attainable" are good, as are the frequent reminders on the role of the counselee and the importance of helping him toward self-directiveness and the making of his own analyses, his own plans, and his own courses of action. "Techniques of the Interview" hits on many of the failures common among counselors and gives practical, positive things to do and not to do in the interview as well as general reminders on such things as note-taking, follow-up work, and interpreting information obtained. The case material is well selected and the use of "statements for discussion" and "counseling considerations" for each case are excellent devices to stimulate analysis, study, and development of counseling skill. This material can very well be used as basis for group discussion training sessions. For the organization planning to establish a counseling program, particularly for the administrator, this book provides some excellent cautions, guides, and counsel. At last, we have a carefully delineated explanation of the contrasts between teaching and counseling, and an outline of the major steps necessary in organizing a guidance program. These "steps" and the "what and why" for the administrator could well be used as check lists to re-evaluate an existing program. HELEN E. WHIPPLE*


The most important woman's right according to Islam is the right for education. The history shows that Islam came to deconstruct the culture of Dark Age society: the culture that discriminated women and did not take into account the rights of women including women's educational right. Islam, then, gives women and men the same dignity and access to knowledge. The dignity in Islam is not determined by one's prosperity, physical measurement, or public recognition. It is determined solely by one's piety. In the context of Indonesia, R.A. Kartini's assertion concerning the urgency of education for women is valuable. She affirms: "the intelligence of people in this country (Indonesia) will not be significantly increasing if women are left behind: women are the caregivers of civilization, How could women as the mother of this country educate the children if they are not uneducated?"


Large APAA (active phased array antenna) contains hundreds of elements and the performance of an APAA will degrade over time as a result of changes mainly in the solid-state components. For airborne and satellite-borne APAA applications, ground-based calibration sources may be difficult or impractical to implement due to the constraints of volume and resources. In this paper, a novel self-calibration technique is proposed in order to measure the amplitude and phase degradation of each active array element. By fast and accurate measurement with little satellite resource cost, this technique can be easily applied to the on-orbit diagnostics and self-calibration for APAA. The technique presented in this paper takes the advantages of APAA properties that the attenuator and phase-shifter in each element module can be controlled flexibly while operating on-orbit measurements. The dedicated internal passive calibration elements are employed in array aperture to measure the complex electric fields between each other active array elements. During the process of measurement, one active element needs to be rotated in three phase intervals, while other non-rotating active elements set to the maximum attenuation. Then this process is repeated for every active element to work out the phase and amplitude distribution of array aperture. The calculation results shown in this paper match the requirements of amplitude and phase measurement accuracy for an on-orbit phased array self-calibration.


Non-invasive estimation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is one of the major targets of cardiovascular dynamics analyses including the sequence method and closed loop modeling. However, the closed loop model is known to under-estimate BRS in comparison with that by the sequence method and the vasoactive agent injection. In this paper, BRSs for sleep-waking states are estimated by applying the sequence method to the multivariate time series measured from the actual cardiovascular system. The same estimation is performed to the time series generated by the multivariate autoregressive (MAR) model driven by the innovation process. The result shows the MAR model-based method under-estimates BRS in comparison with that for the actual data. It is suggested that the under-estimation is attributed to the non-Gaussian property of blood pressure distribution.


A simple method for the approximation of an all-pole transfer function directly in the digital domain for the design of recursive digital filters is described. The transfer function of these filters, referred to as transitional Butterworth–Chebyshev filters, has properties that lie between Butterworth and Chebyshev functions.


Discharge planning has been described as a process aimed at attaining continuity of care ( Armitage 1991 ). This process should ensure a prompt and well orchestrated discharge from acute care, and that adequate care is continued thereafter, whether in the patient's home or in residential or nursing accommodation ( Audit Commission 1992a ). Central to discharge planning is the belief that a smooth transition from hospital to home is as essential to the patient as a medical cure because unmet needs following discharge can undo most of the previous progress, and may even result in relapse ( Ryan 1994 ).


The term fibrous dysplasia was first used in 1938, is a bone lesion in which the spongy bone is replaced by fibrous tissue. Asymptomatic for a long time and is most often discovered accidentally during a routine radiological examination or following a complication. The case we presented here is interesting of its management but also its long monitoring.
A young woman 27-year-old, with no history of pathology, consulted for a painful low-left cheek swelling, asymmetry facial with a palpable tumor painless, fixed, adhering to the mandible. The endobucal examination recovered a filling of the lower vestibular cheek, without dental mobility or labio-mental hypoesthesia. The orthopantomogram and the computed-tomography showed an heterogeneous image well limited, polylobed in contact with the dental alveolar canal. A resection by endobuccal route was performed .The Diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia was confirmed by histological study . No recurrence was noted 26 months after surgery with regular clinical and radiological following since.
The cranio-facial localizations are in order of frequency: occipital, parietal, zygomatic, mandibular, maxillary, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, frontal, and temporal. The diagnosis is difficult to make from clinicoradiological data, confirmed only by the anatomopathological study. Histologically, there are three types. In our case, histology had recovered the monostotic type. Evidently, sarcomatosis transformation has been well described in reason why the annual monitoring is desirable to detect earlier any recurrence or malignant transformation.
The localization in the craniofacial sphere deserves special attention. The prognosis of fibrous dysplasia lesions is generally good due to the stabilization trend.


Cardiac rhabdomyoma (CR) is a benign tumor and the most common type of cardiac tumors in children. They appear with multiple lesions and usually regress spontaneously. The great majority of cases are associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Turner syndrome (TS) is an important cause of short stature in girls. More than one-half of all patients with TS have a mosaic chromosomal complement (45,X/46,XX). We present a case of a newborn with prenatal ultrasound at 32 weeks' gestation showing fetal cardiac tumor. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed CR with multiple heart myomas. The baby later on, developed skin hypopigmentation and moderate motor delay. Mutational analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 genes using next-generation sequencing revealed that the proband has a likely pathogenic variant c.1283_1285delCCT, P.(Ser428del) in TSC2. Microarray detected mosaic Turner syndrome. This correlation with these two diseases as in our case, remains unclear and is not described in the literature.


In this article, we discuss the fractional Marcinkiewicz integral μΩ,α with rough kernel on Hardy spaces. By the atomic decomposition theorem of Hardy space, and obtain its boundedness from H1 to L n-nα and from Hp to Lq.


As a translation strategy,it is hard to say foreignization is superior to domestication,or vice versa.Both of them have their own strong points and weak ones.The multi-dimensionality of language and the cultural differences it encodes make it impossible to achieve absolute equivalence in literary translation.Not any translated literary text with obscure words is worth praising,be it by means of foreignization,domestication or whatever.The readability is the touchstone to inspect the quality of literary translation.


Abstract Damage detection in a gearbox is reported based on analysis of vibration signals measured on a running aircraft engine on a test bed. The experiment was stopped due to material being found on the magnetic chip detectors in the oil system. Subsequent inspection found a significant damage to a bevel gear inside the drive train system. Three damage detection techniques are applied to the vibration signals: advanced demodulation, advanced residual technique, and the classical residual technique. Fault indicators are defined from each technique and trended over time. Results show that these techniques have the ability to provide early damage detection; however, with some noticeable difference in their feature evolution. The advantages of the techniques are compared and discussed.


In this work, the performance of the homogeneous catalyst system based on Et(Flu) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO was evaluated on the copolymerization of ethylene and 1-octene. Characteristics of some of the produced polymers were also investigated. A study was performed to compare this system with that of Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO. The influence of different support materials for the Cp 2 ZrCl 2 was also evaluated, using silica, MgCl 2 , and the zeolite sodic mordenite NaM. An increase in activity was observed in relation to the comonomer addition for the two homogeneous catalysts. The copolymers produced by the Et(Flu) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO system showed higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution. We verified that the catalyst supported on SiO 2 was the most active one, although the copolymers produced with the catalyst supported on NaM showed higher molecular weight and lower molecular weight distribution.


Written through a constant exchange between LGBTQIA+ young people, researchers, professionals and foster families, this book offers a valuable tool to improve the practice with LGBTQIA+ youth at a personal, organizational, and policy levels. This book shows the powerful influence of relationships and networks for the LGBTQIA+ young person growing up in child protection and welfare systems. LGBTQIA+ youth need meaningful connections with individuals within their communities in order to be able to heal, learn, and be authentically themselves. Child welfare professionals have a crucial role in creating these connections and cultivating supportive environments, free of additional trauma, where LGBTQIA+ young people can feel valued and loved.


The empirical researches on the structure features of banking systems show that the two-power-law degree distribution has been observed in those banking networks.This paper proposed a model of network growth and explained the phenomenon of two power-law degree distribution in banking networks.Additionally,the economic significance of this result is that,the closer the interbank lending and borrowing ability between two banks is,the easier they will establish a relationship of interbank liability.


Abstract The adoption of a resolution by the United Nations declaring 2009 the International Year of Reconciliation signaled the remarkable influence of truth commissions in international and domestic law. This article is a reflection on truth commissions. More precisely, it focuses on forgiveness of perpetrators as a unique outcome of this relatively new trend in transitional justice. The article identifies some developmental trends in the debates on forgiveness in the context of mass atrocity. Using a case example from the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the article considers the subtleties of cultural nuances in the dialogical exchange between victim and perpetrator when both victims and perpetrators are black Africans. The discussion raises the question of whether forgiveness in societies emerging from mass violence might be viewed as a moral imperative necessary to heal societies from a destructive past. The article concludes by arguing that stories of forgiveness in politics may inspire reflective engagement with the past by perpetrators and bystanders who supported repressive governments, and that this may help create a reparative humanism and the possibility of societal transformation.


Abstract : Southern Research Institute tested the feasibility of making biodegradable, time-release, pharmaceutical microspheres in space. We designed, built, safety tested, and flew hardware we call the Microencapsulation in Space (MIS) experiment. The MIS experiment flew on Space Shuttle Discovery -- Mission STS-53. Four days before launch, NASA technicians remove two storage lockers and in their place mounted the MIS hardware. Launch date was December 2, 1992. Mission specialists started the MIS experiment on Day 6 of the mission (December 8, 1992). They reported normal MIS operation. Landing occurred on December 9, 1992, at Edwards A. F. B., California. We retrieved the MIS hardware on December 10, 1992, at Dryden Flight Research Facility. The space-made, ampicillin-loaded microspheres were more spherical, had smoother surfaces, and had better internal organization than earth-made microspheres of the same composition. From our experience, these improved properties should improve the release properties of microencapsulated drugs and eliminate unwanted residual process aids. Furthermore, it is likely that microencapsulation in space will let us encapsulate drugs that cannot be microencapsulated on the earth


The paper takes its point of departure in three recent tendencies in development thinking: the increased focus on capabilities rather than resource endowments, the increased awareness of knowledge as crucial resource in development, and the increased emphasize on the importance of institutions as the 'root cause' of development. The paper emphasizes how different types of institutions may influence learning and innovation capabilities in relation to sustainable development: market driven and market supporting institutions, institutions supporting human resource development, and institutions supporting interaction and co-operation. Finally, two cases from Costa Rica are used to illustrate the comprehensive package of institutions involved in the process of creating new and maintaining existing interactive learning spaces related to sustainable development.


Abstract: Cooperative learning (CL) has been one of the most widely adopted approaches in language teaching.
Many educators jumped into the bandwagon after seeing how it could easily reap results in the classroom and
promote a positive condition for language, content and community learning. It provided a stable affective ground
that permits English teachers to maneuver group dynamics into creating an environment conducive to learning
and meeting instructional goals. However, the peak of CL popularity caused it to plateau and some of its inherent
principles to be distorted. The community has overly espoused cooperative learning irrespective of the contexts
and structures it requires. This paper aims to realign present-day beliefs and misconceptions in practice to
intrinsic cooperative learning fundamentals. Then, based on the theoretical insights, findings in CL researches
and first-hand experience in the classroom, a list of recommended structures and strategies is provided to help
English language teachers design activities with significant cooperative value.
Keywords: cooperative learning, group work, positive interdependence, individual accountability, equal
participation, simultaneous interaction


Foraminifera is one of single-celled protozoa, living in the water environment especially marine waters. This organism can be used as bioindicator of environmental conditions of coral reefs through a simple index called FORAM Index. The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of coral reef environments based on benthic foraminifera seen from the FORAM Index. The sediment sampling and measurement of environment parameters were conducted from 8 stations in November 2016. The steps to analyze foraminifera are sample preparation, then the sample was taken maximum 300 individuals with 2 times repetition, the result is collected to identify the morphological structure of foraminifera's shell. The results showed that there were 4 genera benthic foraminifera bioindicator of coral reefs environmental conditions in the Pandan Island. The condition of coral reefs in the waters of Pulau Pandan based FORAM Index values ranged from 5.31 5.98, indicating that the water is was suitable for coral reef growth environment which characterized by the presence of Amphistegina. The environmental conditions that began to decline water quality and is found by the presence of Quinquequloculina.


Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is the technique of applying a stress or strain to a sample and analyzing the response to obtain phase angle and deformation data. These data allow the calculation of the damping or tan δ, storage, loss, and complex modulus, complex viscosity and compliance. Two approaches are used: (a) forced frequency, where the signal is applied at a set frequency, and (b) free resonance, where the material is perturbed and allowed to exhibit free resonance decay. Most DMAs are the former type while the torsional braid analyzer (TBA) is of the latter. In both approaches, the technique is very sensitive to the motions of the polymer chains and it is a powerful tool for measuring transitions in polymers. It is estimated to be 100 times more sensitive to the glass transition than differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and it resolves other more localized transitions not detected in DSC. In addition, the technique allows the rapid scanning of a material's modulus and viscosity as a function of temperature or of frequency. DMA may also be referred to as dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS), or dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA).


By 1H-NMR measurement under standard conditions, the methylol -OH signals of MOLC in DMSO-d6 solutions are found at three different fields but each of them appears as a broad resonance possibly as the result of statistical distribution in the strength of hydrogen bonding between the methylol -OH groups and DMSO molecules. As the methylol groups exist as side chains of high molecular weight cellulose, the hydrogen bonding of the methylol -OH with DMSO is highly affected by the conformation of the polymer chain in the solution. Accordingly, the methylol CH2 protons which are coupled with the methylol -OH protons must also appear as unresolved resonances in the methylenedioxy region. With the application of the techniques of D2O exchange, decoupling by double resonance, decoupling by promoting rapid exchange of the hydroxyl protons in the methylol groups of MOLC with the application of high concentration in one case and high temperature in the other, and 13C-NMR with variable temperature, three different methylol CH2 signals can be confirmed. Assignments of the three peaks are made by comparing the appearance of these signals in MOLC or acetylated MOLC with those in methylolated or acetoxymethylated trityl cellulose. Trityl cellulose with DS of 1.3 was used, in which almost all -OH groups at C-6 and part of the groups at C-2 had previously been blocked by trityl groups.


To inject a large amount of harmonic in power system makes the network electric energy quality decreased obviously,while the traditional detection method because of its own technical limitations,has been unable to meet the requirements of real-time and accuracy of the harmonic detection.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of power grid harmonic changes,combined with the development and application of new harmonic detection theory,detection is presented. By combining the wavelet transform and the traditional detection method,and its effectiveness is verified by simulation test of combined algorithm. Results show that: the wavelet transform in the analysis of the harmonic components in complex signal showed its time-frequency localization characteristic advantage. The traditional FFT can accurately extract signal of the spectrum information. The joint detection method effectively improves the accuracy of harmonic detection.


Design/Methodology/Approach: For the purpose of testing proposed hypotheses, gamers were recruited through online mode. Further, data was collected by the aid of self-structured questionnaires from 400 respondents belonging to metro cities of India. For identification of factors affecting compulsive buying behaviour in gaming industry, marital status, age, gender and educational qualification of these respondents were focused upon by the researcher. Testing of the accumulated data was performed through t-test and one way ANOVA, encompassing Levene's test for equality of variance and t-test for equality of means while the relationship between compulsive buying behaviour and customer satisfaction was subjected to two-tailed correlation.


Objective To study the utilization of active carbon to remove pyrogens from tetanus antitoxin.Methods Four batches of tetanus antitoxin with higher pyrogens over the national standard were tested after being adsorbed by active carbon under certain pH value and tempera- ture.Results Active carbon was very effective to remove pyrogens,the average temperature was decreased by 0.66℃and the content of protein in the products was averagely decreased by 9.08%, the specific activity was increased averagely by 8.16%,and the rate of recovery of product was over 98%.Conclusion This method was quick,simple,effective and repetitive in the removal of pyrogens from tetanus antitoxin.


Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of the treatment with locking proximal humerus plate for Neer Ⅲ and Ⅳ proximal humeral fracture.Methods 58 cases of proximal humeral fracture from January 2003 to February 2008 were treated with the locking proximal humerus plate and the cloverleaf plate.Test group including 20 cases of Neer Ⅲ and 8 cases of Neer Ⅳ were treated with the locking proximal humerus plate.The other 30 cases including 21 cases of Neer Ⅲ and 9 cases of Neer Ⅳ as a control group were treated with the cloverleaf plate.Results All the patients were followed up for 8-36 mouths(averaging 15.6 mouths).According to Neer scoring system,in the test group,the therapeutic outcome was excellent in 11,good in 15 and so-so in 2 cases. The excellent and good rate was 92.9%;in the control group: the therapeutic outcome was excellent in 6,good in 16,so-so in 7 and poor in 1 cases.The excellent and good rate was 73.3%.The outcome between test group and control group was significant different(P0.05).Conclusion The treatment of locking proximal humeral plate for Neer Ⅲ and Ⅳ proximal humeral fracture is a good innovational method.


Abstract Introduction: Asthma is among the most common chronic conditions in children. The aim of this publication is to describe prevalence rates and factors associated with asthmatic or wheezing preschoolers and to evaluate medical care and treatment with regard to urban–rural differences. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were collected through a questionnaire, which was distributed to parents within the Health Monitoring Units in Bavaria (HMU), Germany. Data from 4767 children were available (2016/17). Those children were classified into four diagnostic groups: Unremitting Wheeze, International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Asthma, Physician-diagnosed Asthma, and healthy control group. Urban–rural differences were tested by Pearson's chi-squared test or by Fisher's exact test. Independent variables were factors associated with health outcomes, for example, residency or migrant status. To examine associations between independent and outcome variables multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Prevalence rates were 6.3% for 'Unremitting Wheeze', 5.2% for 'ISAAC Asthma', and 1.2% for 'Physician-diagnosed Asthma'. Factors associated with health outcomes were the occurrence of asthma in first-degree relatives, male sex, and migrant status. Generally, higher rates of doctor's visits, positive allergy tests, and corticosteroids intake in the diagnostic groups in rural compared to urban areas were observed. Rates of performed allergy tests were 55.6% for 'ISAAC Asthma' and 74.6% for 'Physician-diagnosed Asthma'. Conclusions: Prevalence rates of the diagnostic groups decreased compared to the HMU 2014/15. According to previous studies, factors associated with asthmatic or wheezing health outcomes could be confirmed. Children in rural areas generally received more medical care. Key points Children's prevalence rates of asthma or wheezing disorders decreased in the past 2 years within Bavaria. This study is consistent with risk factors for asthma from the literature: asthma in the family, male gender, and migrant status. Children in rural areas receive more medical care than children in urban areas. There should me more allergy tests among children with medical diagnosis in Bavaria as low rates indicate gaps in care.