Mark J. Monda Future generations of unmanned spacecraft, aircraft, ground, and submersible vehicles will require precise relative navigation capabilities to accomplish missions such as formation operations and autonomous rendezvous and docking. The development of relative navigation sensing and control techniques is quite challenging, in part because of the difficulty of accurately simulating the physical relative navigation problems in which the control systems are designed to operate. A hardware testbed that can simulate the complex relative motion of many different relative navigation problems is being developed. This testbed simulates near-planar relative motion by using software to prescribe the motion of an unmanned ground vehicle and provides the attached sensor packages with realistic relative motion. This test-bed is designed to operate over a wide variety of conditions in both indoor and outdoor environments, at short and long ranges, and its modular design allows it to easily test many different sensing and control technologies. The first relative navigation sensing technique evaluated on the testbed is a visual sensor. The visual sensor uses a digital camera and a color statistical pressure snake algorithm running in real-time on an onboard computer to track a target image and determine the relative position and orientation of the target. Non-linear proportional and proportional-integral feedback control laws are developed for the visual servoing problem. The effectiveness of the sensing and control techniques are evaluated on the hardware testbed, and results are shown for both collaborative and non-collaborative targets in real-world test conditions. 307618. We would also like to thank ORION International Technologies for providing a license to the UMBRA software framework.


The temperature-dependent current–voltage (I –V ) and capacitance–voltage (C–V ) characteristics of the fabricated Al/p-Si Schottky diodes with the polythiopene–SiO2 nanocomposite (PTh–SiO2) interlayer were investigated. The ideality factor of Al/PTh–SiO2/p-Si Schottky diodes has decreased with increasing temperature and the barrier height has increased with increasing temperature. The change in the barrier height and ideality factor values with temperature was attributed to inhomogeneties of the zero-bias barrier height. Richardson plot has exhibited curved behaviour due to temperature dependence of barrier height. The activation energy and effective Richardson constant were calculated as 0.16 eV and 1.79 × 10−8A cm−2 K−2 from linear part of Richardson plots, respectively. The barrier height values determined from capacitance–voltage–temperature (C–V –T ) measurements decrease with increasing temperature on the contrary of barrier height values obtained from I –V –T measurements.


In the development processes of a product's market life cycle, there are three phases of an enterprise's innovation: new product development, production processes, and product management. In this article, the analyses of benefit and costs, value, and profit to companies are discussed in different stages. New logistics features that appear in an enterprise's supply chain based on innovative modeling are discussed. Then a logistics model and its technical system based on the classified logistics center are established, which are appropriate for innovative modeling within an agile supply chain. Using the basic theory and techniques of 'extenics', the formal conception of innovative modeling-based manufacture in logistics is presented, and the matter-element models are established. Finally, a case study demonstrates the results.


TSVETKOV, Ts. D., G. PETROV and P. TSVETKOVA, 2007. Non equilibrium thermodynamics of the cryobiology and quantum field theoretical methods in the temporal organization of cells. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 13: 379-386 From the new results by the contributions of the environmental freezing-drying and vacuum sublimation (Belaus and Tsvetkov, 1985; Tsvetkov et al., 1989, 2006; Zwetkow, 1985) is hopped that by the grate form expressed e.g. by the thermodynamically and kinetic jump behavior of the living cells and systems will be possibly to describe the biological expressions by means of concrete quantum field system too describing by methods of the quantum wave fields. It is well known that the thermodynamics and the methods of the quantum wave fields are based of the axiomatic physics also causality condition. The temporal organization in cells (Goodwin, 1963) that is also that the dynamics of cellular regulatory processes require causality condition which is a fundamental for the axiomatic theory of N.N. Bogolubuv for the quantum wave fields where was supposed the existence of the S-matrices and asymptotic fields. We believe that for the studding of the living cells and systems the concept of the classical non equilibrium thermodynamics of cryobiology and the axiomatic of the N.N. Bogolubov are sufficiently for the theoretical consideration of the dynamic of cellular control processes. From a great interest is the so called problem of the connection between the entropy and the time arrow. With other words the connection in the cryobiology between the entropy and the causality according to quantum wave field theory of the interactions between a quantum field system and classical bio fields modeled by the additional boundary conditions e.g. as by the Casimir effect. It is knowing that one of the major causes of damage produced by the several effects at cellular level (i) low temperature per se, (ii) direct effects of freezing and (iii) indirect effects of freezing and (iv) the biochemical modifications in the structure of the living cells by the lipids, phospholipids, proteins in the cell membrane formed by interacting of the "matter" fields such as a new electron distribution or the protonisation at a given time for the living cells and systems is freezing induced dehydration at very short distance scales, where various properties of the physical vacuum of any one concrete quantum field system, e.g. the systems of see scalars wave


The bouncing of a ball demonstrates important features of mechanics, including the conservation of energy and momentum, the conversion of energy between potential and kinetic, and the loss of energy to heat. An interesting experiment is to drop a ball from a fixed height and to measure how high it bounces. The less energy is lost during the bounce, the closer it returns to the starting height. Accurate measurements are possible by using a cell-phone to film the bounce, and then examining individual frames. We conducted such an experiment with a (not so fresh) tennis ball, varying the temperature of the ball, and recording how the bounce height varied. Internet research shows that others have done such experiments with a variety of balls. Typically, the data is fit to an ad-hoc model which is not derived from physical laws. Here, we derive a simple model from physical laws and compare it to data.


Because of rapid economic growth and close economic interdependence, East Asia has recently been in the spotlight of regional integration theorists. Currently, East Asia is being remapped in two ways: one is the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP); and the other is the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPP). This article aims at predicting the winner of inter-institutional balancing between the two tracks from a viewpoint of power politics. To do so, realist hypotheses are made of regional integration and they are tested against the Integration Achievement Score (IAS) data. As a result, newly suggested hypotheses and some conventional ideas are strongly supported. These findings hold, regardless of model specifications and measurement of variables. Next, after analyzing how much the RCEP and the TPP accord with those findings, probabilities are presented showing that the two tracks can achieve regional economic integration. In conclusion, the TPP is expected to become the winner of inter-institutional balancing.


In this research, a delignified substrate from crops residues sugar cane residues (leaves and top cane) was hydrolyzed using an enzyme preparation with 27.53 FPU. This enzyme was obtained from trade. Hydrolysis was carried out to pH of 4.2 and a temperature of 50 oC. Models of inhibition models substrate, glucose and total inhibition product was analyzed. The results showed that models that best fit the data experimental was the models competitive glucose inhibition (Km= 20.37, Vmax=39 and ki= 0.442). In the event that E/S is above 0.5, can applied kinetic models of Michaelis – Menten.


Organizational culture is an important aspect to be considered by dynamic organizations in order to develop some competitive advantage to ensure enhanced organizational performance. This study aims to elaborate the dimensions of cultural construct in organizations of diversified sectors and their implications in Pakistan. Ten organizations were selected for the study. Four hundred and seventy eight questionnaires were received from these organizations. The questionnaires consisted of three parts, of these, the first part had nine elements that were related to organization and personal profile of the respondents, whereas the second part consisted of 60 elements of cultural construct, namely mission, adaptability, consistency, and involvement. In the third part, dependent variable appears as organization performance and was evaluated by asking eight questions. Results are revealed in two models: according to the first model, organization performance increases from negative 56% to positive 92% due to organizational culture with respect to education. And the second model is also significant at the 95% of confidence level (p < 0.05), and there is a positive relationship between independent and dependent variables. Organizational culture is an essential part of organizational success. Core organizational values typically emphasize special themes such as performance excellence, innovation, social responsibility, worker involvement, and quality of work life. Literacy rate in Pakistan is far below the literacy rate in developed countries. Educated employees play an important role in enhancing organizational performance, particularly in corporate setup. To measure affects of education on organizational performance through its construct involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission have been endeavored in this study.


patterns in turn affect costs, we need to understand both to answer questions about market power or farmers' revenues. It is typically said that farm or agricultural and marketing costs drive prices from the supply side and consumers' preferences from the demand side. However, there is an important and increasing gap between these two pieces of the puzzle that stems from the costs of choice, quality, convenience, variety, and other food product characteristics that are in increasing demand. So, if prices or the retailfarm gap increase, does this imply market power or costs of these attributes? Important structural changes involving input composition and the potential for cost economies from coordination and information


Concept map servers as a kind of tool of organizing and presenting knowledge,facilitating us to understand the key conception in subjects and the whole frame of knowledge,and cultivating teachers' religious thinking and students' methods of self-culture.The paper discusses the conception and construction of concept map in brief,combines information technology of senior high school and describes the application of concept map in it.


The contribution presents Michel Foucault's thoughts on topics such as pleasure, desire, and eros, which inevitably cross over with the themes of freedom and ethics.


Modeling errors present a significant and difficult challenge in the design of analytic fault detection mechanisms. The authors discuss the sensitivity to model uncertainty of estimator-based failure detection techniques. In particular, they discuss desired statistical properties for the decision variable, and why these characteristics are difficult to achieve in situations involving significant uncertainty in the noise, fault, or plant dynamic modeling assumptions. This discussion motivates the use of robust estimation techniques in failure detection. An aircraft example is presented to illustrate the effect of modeling error on the failure detection performance of detection test designs based on a Kalman filter and an H/sub infinity // mu estimator.<<ETX>>


AbstractThe construction industry is missing out on numerous performance gains derived from gender diversity. Its reputation for excessive work stress, resulting in poor psychological health, is am...


The system and method that can protect your computer system is described from malware such as viruses, Trojan horse (Trojan), and spyware. For each of the (such as processes and threads executing on the computer system), a plurality of execution entities, the scoring engine and recording the plurality of the evaluation scores, each score is determined according to the characteristic evaluation criteria. Entity meets the criteria (for example, a lift, carry out activities) each time, the individual score of the entity is updated. Updating the scores for the entity, even when the associated entity is terminated, that is, can further even if more than this is not activated, trigger the update of the game entity involved in separate entities. Particularly those related entity may be an entity to insert the code into the parent and / or individual entity of an individual entity. Scoring engines in accordance with the plurality of the evaluation score of each entity determines if the entity is malicious.


An Ilokano vocabulary mobile application was developed using MIT's App Inventor and a usability study was conducted on the app as part of the graduation requirements of the Learning Design and Technology Master's program at the University of Hawaii at Manoa.


Montreal--As the controversy over whether to perform vasovasostomy or vasoepididymostomy for vasectomy reversal rages, two small studies have provided some new insight into when to choose one surgical technique over the other. One study demonstrates that expert surgeons can provide better results with vasoepididymostomy among patients with vasospermia, defined as no sperm in the vasal fluid, regardless of the condition of the vasal fluid. The second study suggests that the presence of sperm parts in the vasal fluid signals that vasovasostomy might be the better option.


value and jobs. It is also clear that no more critical a goal exists in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region than creating stability and common prosperity through the long-term employment—and positive deployment—of youth. Studies make extensive connections between entrepreneurial activity and economic development, and a 2010 report by the Kauffman Foundation makes explicit the role of start-ups in job creation. The study specifically states, "Startups are not everything when it comes to job creation. They are the only thing." Related Kauffman studies from the U.S. (see Kane, 2010) provide conclusive evidence that start-ups account for a substantial proportion of all net job creation. Mapped onto domestic and/or regional recession, further evidence suggests that job creation in the start-up segment remains consistent in economic downturns, whereas larger businesses are more adversely affected by the cyclical economic factors typical to the boom/bust cycle. Finally, in a 2009 study by Litan and Stangler, Kauffman concludes that two-thirds of new jobs come from firms that are between one and five years old. It is clear that emerging and developing economies are impacted by similar dynamics, based on evidence from Brazil, Jordan, and other entrepreneur-centric economies (Ali et al, 2010; Castanhar, Dias, and Dias, 2008), in that entrepreneurship stimulus and growth metrics in such places supersedes even the pace of startup activity in the U.S. Mapped onto the above dynamics, it is also possible to gain insight from studies such as the Startup Genome Report (Marmer, Herrmann, & Berman, 2011) as to how and why start-ups succeed, thereby creating an effective framework to facilitate such success. Projects such as Oasis 500 in Jordan have (with some early suc-


The tristable energy harvesters (TEH) can achieve broadband energy harvesting performance from low frequency and low level excitations. Previous studies mainly focused on the tristable energy harvesting structure that is connected to a pure resistor. This paper presents an enhanced TEH with a series resistor-inductor resonant (RL) circuit connected to the piezoelectric layers. The influence of the resonant frequency of the circuit, the excitation level, and equilibrium positions on dynamic responses is analyzed using modern methods of nonlinear dynamics. The results demonstrate that the proposed TEH undergoes the periodic and chaotic motions alternatively along with the increase of the resonant frequency of the RL circuit. Furthermore, the TEH with a RL circuit dramatically enhances the energy harvesting efficiency, and simultaneously slightly decreases the vibration response. The presented TEH with a RL circuit will open a new page in the nonlinear energy harvesting technology.


The suppression of turbulence by the E x B shear is studied in systems with quasi-symmetry using the nonlinear analysis of eddy decorrelation previously utilized in finite aspect ratio tokamak plasmas. The analytically derived E x B shearing rate which contains the relevant geometric dependence can be used for quantitative assessment of the fluctuation suppression in stellarators with quasi-symmetry.


AIM AND OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to elucidate the understandings and beliefs about quality held by family members of residents of Norwegian nursing homes. The objective reported in the study considers how family member judge factors that enhance or hamper high care quality.

BACKGROUND
The percentage of those who will require care in a nursing home some time before the end of their lives will increase dramatically in the next 20 years. Therefore, anticipating this pressure to expand nursing home availability, it is urgent that these services are developed from a keen understanding of what creates the best value. Care quality from the family's perspective is just one piece of the nursing home experience that must be understood for optimal value in care to be realised.

DESIGN
Qualitative methodology.

METHOD
Three focus group interviews; purposive sampling was used to recruit the 16 family members of residents in nursing homes.

RESULTS
Three domains emerged that served as anchors for a typology of family perceptions of the quality care continuum: resident contentment, suitability of staff and environmental context. Each domain was developed with categories describing high- to low-quality markers, which were then clarified by enhancing and hindering factors.

CONCLUSIONS
This typology provides a family perspective framework that may be useful to nursing leadership at all levels of the nursing home organisation to identify important quality of care strengths as well as markers of poor care.

RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Overall, the typology is offered to expand nurses' understanding of quality, both practically and conceptually, to provide the best value in nursing care.


There are a number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), in use or planed,which are used for navigation on earth but also for autonomous navigation of satellitesin low earth orbit (LEO). It would be desirable to also have autonomous navigation ingeosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) to reduce costs and make it possible to get higheraccuracy on the position of the satellite. One part of the navigation system is theGNSS antenna which is examined in this master thesis.The specifications of the antenna were first decided and then three antennaalternatives were investigated in greater detail: a monofilar helix antenna, a threeelement circular array antenna and a twelve element circular array antenna. The resultwas that they would all work as a GNSS antenna in GEO but none could be judged tobe the best under all circumstances. The size requirement for the mission and the usedGNSS receiver would primarily decide which fits the mission best.


For the purpese of studying the energy transfer between reacting gas molecules and a solid surface when the catalyti reaction takes place on the surface, the heat loss from the platinum ribbon was measured in the stoichiometric mixture of CO and O2 under pressures in the range of 1-4x10-2 Torr. and at ribbon temperatures of 291 and 358C. lt was found that the accommodation coefficients of both CO and O2 stayed equal to shese observed separately in each gases through the heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of CO.


Of all kinds of securities concerning mankind,individual security is of the most crucial on which other securities like social security,public security,national security and human security are based.The daily security problems of the individuals are often related to the risks of social security.The existing social problems and contradictions are the direct causes of individual-security problems,either existing problems or future problems.Thus,individual security is related to unpredictable social risks.Therefore,we should adopt an integrated approach that takes the global and local situations as well as the present and future into consideration at the macro-and micro-levels while the social system and the people's daily life are also taken into account.


Youth comprises the majority of Indian population. More than any other country, India has the largest youth population in the world. But, unfortunately Indian youth are largely addicted to drugs and tobacco. Consuming these types of hazardous things destroys a man's consciousness and intellectual power. If the youth is getting ruined by drugs and tobacco usage, then the stability of a society would become a question mark. India is lacking the actual benefit of human resource, even if it is the second-largest populated country in the world. So, we have to deal with this problem with a great concern. In this paper, the author discusses the causes of vulnerability of Indian youth to tobacco and tries to suggest some remedies to prevent it.


Import substitution is a process of gradual displacement of foreign goods in the domestic market by analogues of domestic production. In Russia, the need to accelerate the development of national production of agricultural raw materials and food products has been discussed since the beginning of the second decade of this century, since the increasing share of foreign goods in the national consumption of products on the domestic market has become a signal of a violation of the country's food security indicators. The State authorities made the appropriate necessary decisions, which were implemented. This issue became particularly relevant after 2014, when Russia suddenly faced sanctions against it from the United States and its NATO allies. This led to the adoption of the counter-embargo, stimulated the development and implementation of additional eff orts to develop import substitution in our country. In a fairly short period of time, our country has achieved very signifi cant results in increasing its independence from imports, primarily in the food market, in particular in eliminating the shortage of meat and dairy products. The domestic market has become fully secured due to the national production of poultry, pork, many types of vegetables, and confectionery. The national production of beef and dairy products has expanded. This made it possible to signifi cantly reduce the import supply of such goods. The authors consider and analyze the current trends and features of this process. For a number of food products, Russia has become a major exporter on the world market, capturing major positions in the world market of wheat, sunflower oil, fats, a number of other food products, as well as fertilizers. The demand for Russian food products on a large scale is presented by China, the countries of the Middle East, and North Africa. Nevertheless, there are still unresolved problems in the country, which the authors point out. In particular, it is necessary to make eff orts to reduce import supplies of seeds, seedlings, breeding cattle, highly specialized agricultural machines, food equipment, to expand the development or purchase of technologies for processing agricultural products, the production of food additives and other imported components for the processing industry. Of course, there will remain some types of tropical agriculture, which the country will continue to import, since it is impractical to develop their production in Russia for climatic reasons.


Abstract: Counting procedures using 34 C were used to follow the concentration of metolazone and its metabolites in the blood, plasma, plasma water, bile, urine, and feces of dogs given single oral or intravenous doses of metolazone. Doses were administered orally from 0.1 to 50 mg./kg. and intravenously from 0.1 to 5 mg./kg. Regardless of the route of administration, a log-log relationship existed between the peak blood level and the dose. Within the blood, the drug was distributed among the fractions according to the approximate proportion: 80% erythrocyte, 15% plasma, and 5% plasma water. The appreciable hemoglobin and albumin protein binding of drug may explain the relatively long half-life, 5–6 hr., of the total counts in circulation from an intravenous dose of 5 mg./kg. Hydroxylated and further products of oxidation accounted for 40–60 % of the excreted drug. There did not appear to be any accumulation or preferential retention of drug or metabolites. This was coupled with a recovery of 90-100% of the dose in urine and feces. The rate at which the metabolites were excreted via the urine was equivalent to that of the intact drug. In intravenous studies, excretion of drug occurred primarily in the urine; about 25 % of the dose may be excreted in the bile.


Through the Dish-Stirling Joint Venture Program (JVP) sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Cummins Power Generation, Inc., (CPG) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) have entered into a joint venture to develop and commercialize economically competitive dish-Stirling systems for remote power applications. The $14 million JVP is being conducted in three phases over a 3 1/2-year period in accordance with the Cummins Total Quality System (TQS) for new product development. The JVP is being funded equally by CPG, including its industrial partners, and the DOE. In June 1992, a ``concept validation`` (prototype) 5-kW{sub e}, dish-Stirling system became operational at the CPG test site m Abilene, TX. And on January 1, 1993, the program advanced to phase 2. On the basis of the performance of the 5-kW{sub e} system, a decision was made to increase the rated system output to 7.5-kW{sub e}. The CPG system uses advanced components that have the potential for low cost and reliable operation, but which also have technical risks. In this paper, the status of the advanced components and results from system integration testing are presented and discussed. Performance results from system testing of the 5-kW{sub e} prototype along with phase 2 goals for themore » 7.5-kW{sub e} system are also discussed.« less


From 27 March through 2 June 2017, a golden cheeked warbler ( Setophaga chrysoparia), code named "Piccolo," claimed a territory within the Balcones Canyonland Preserve near Austin, Texas and sang a combination of atypical A-songs combined with typical B-songs. To the authors' knowledge, this A-song variant has not been previously reported. In situ observations of Piccolo's movements were used to determine the extent of Piccolo's defended territory. In addition, between 14 April and 7 June, an acoustic recorder was deployed in the territory to record the variant song along with the soundscape. On April 28, a second-year competitor male entered Piccolo's territory and intense and prolonged counter-singing was recorded through May 24. The competitor produced typical A- and B-songs while Piccolo counter-sang in the aforementioned variant A-songs and typical B-songs. During the recording period, Piccolo did not vocalize any typical A-songs. Two additional competitor males that used typical B-songs were also observed and recorded. The in situ observations and acoustic analysis of Piccolo's atypical countersigning were compared to typical interactions between other nearby birds to ascertain whether the variant song provided an advantage or disadvantage for Piccolo. [Work supported by the City of Austin.]


In December 2018, I participated in a panel about Pitcairn Island history titled '"Strangers": Placing Insiders, Outsiders and the Microcosmic in Pacific Language and History' at the Pacific History Association (PHA) conference in Cambridge, England. Apart from a single conference in 2012 at Angwin College, California, it is likely that this was one of few occasions in which three academics who have been to Pitcairn Island had ever assembled a conference panel. We were gathered to present at the intersection of a breadth of topics ranging from empirical history, history of science, linguistics, film, and inter-island relations with Mangareva, all with Pitcairn Island as fulcrum-subject. Aside from myself, the other panellists were Alexander Mawyer, Tillman Nechtman and Adrian Young. We drew a decent crowd and it was enlivening to realize that Pitcairn Island history is a ripe topic within broader trends in Pacific history. The panel also served as a reminder that the names and motifs around Bounty, Captain William Bligh, Fletcher Christian, and the lived experiences of Pitcairners themselves, have long been and remain mythical tropes in Pacific history. A five-kilometre square domain of South Pacific rock and sea, and the events and seafaring imaginings which surround it, have presented and represented an endless number of (broken) dreams and (lost) memories evident in many thousands of books and articles. So why the need for two additional volumes? Having read the extensive historical, ethnographic, archaeological, and linguistic canon before commencing my fieldwork on Pitcairn Island, I admit my scepticism regarding the proposed contribution of any new work. Thus, I was pleasantly surprised to find these two volumes are tackling Bounty as a concept from completely different perspectives. Alan Frost's Mutiny, Mayhem, Mythology is an empirical account of how newly claimed and found lacunae (and supposedly wronged writings) have coloured and even tainted the historical record of Bounty and what effect such versions have had on generations


Abstract Cyclic ketones have been efficiently oxidized with hydrogen peroxide using acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents. This is a new method for the synthesis of lactones with high yields that does not utilize any additional catalysts and enables ILs to be recycled.


In the 2010 October issue of this journal, the Japan Diabetic Society reported the revised version of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes incorporating glycated hemoglobin values1. The changes make it easier and simpler to make a proper diagnosis of diabetes as a disease of chronic hyperglycemia reflected by elevated glycated hemoglobin concentrations caused by insufficient insulin action. There appears to arise some misunderstanding, however, that the new criteria might narrow the range of borderline diabetes or reduce its implication. As the revised criteria clearly describes in its statement, it should be re‐emphasized that the change does not exclude the category of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), reserving the importance of the glucose tolerance test (GTT) for confirmation of borderline diabetes. As widely admitted, the diagnosis of diabetes does not itself directly indicate its etiology or the method of treatment, but simply the morbidity. When we are in the muddy stream of a diabetes epidemic, the prevention of diabetes must be a prime target for current health‐care projects. The outcome of this effort will be immense, not only for the reduction of the socioeconomic burden, but also for the improvement of quality of life in diabetic patients. One such model might be represented by the results from recent mega‐studies that showed a reduction of newly‐onset diabetes in a group with suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia treated with α‐glucosidase inhibitor or metformin2.

What should then be done for the patients who already have overt diabetes when the diagnosis is made? The main purpose of treatment in these patients has been the prevention of the onset or halting the development of specific complications of diabetes. Every effort is required for this purpose by maintaining tight blood glucose control with insulin treatment, oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin sensitizers. As a consequence, it is expected that a significant reduction of patients with complications of diabetes, such as blindness, renal failure and limb problems, will be seen. The risk of cardiovascular and brain stroke will also be much decreased. Indeed, the diabetes control and complication trial (DCCT) and epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications (EDIC) studies confirmed the value of blood glucose control for the prevention of complications, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Furthermore, in cases of kidney complications, tight blood glucose control added to angiotensin–renin receptor blockade and a low protein diet might also be expected to cause regression of the kidney complications. In such an effort, validation of the effects might be confirmed by following the guideline of clinical staging of each complication. In each complication, specific indices, such as albuminuria or ophthalmic fundic status, have been used for the evaluation of clinical staging. In neuropathy as well, it has recently been shown that epidermal nerve fiber loss emerges very early in the course of the disease, and gradually the loss will become robust with the duration of diabetes. Intriguingly, lifestyle intervention by regular exercise and lowering bodyweight was shown to successfully not only suppress the progression of nerve fiber loss, but promote regeneration in prediabetic patients3. As the presence of subjective symptoms does not indicate the clinical staging of neuropathy, we have to depend on the pathological background or nerve conduction deficits for the clinical staging of neuropathy. Even if severe pain can be alleviated in diabetic neuropathic patients by pregabalin or duloxetine, we should be aware that the treatment is only for symptoms and it does not mean the inhibition of the progression of the disease. By contrast, aldose reductase inhibitor is a real attempt to halt the progression of the disease as a fundamental treatment. Thus, we always have to keep in mind whether the treatment is a symptomatic or fundamental one, although it is desirable that a single treatment has both implications. In this setting, the treatment effects might be evaluated by following specific guidelines of clinical staging.

With the introduction of new criteria for diabetes, what do we consider is the best indicator for the clinical staging of diabetes itself? The question has far‐reaching importance for the direction of the treatment of diabetes. Conceptually, type 2 diabetes is classified into borderline diabetes, insulin non‐requiring diabetes, insulin‐requiring diabetes for glycemic control, and for survival (Figure 1)1. However, what determines the insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes – hyperglycemia, glycated hemoglobin, C‐peptide, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) or insulinogenic index? Are all patients who require insulin severely diabetic or in the advanced stage? A recent series of studies has shed some light on the pathological background of type 2 diabetes, which is a disease of progressive decline of β‐cells in pancreatic islets4. The contention is shared by the early reduction of β‐cell mass in patients with a prediabetic condition. In fact, even before the diagnosis of diabetes, more than 50% of β‐cells have already disappeared in patients with IFG. In the case of overt diabetes, more than 70% of β‐cells appear to be diminished5. It is therefore likely that β‐cell loss starts very early and insidiously proceeds without any signs and symptoms in patients who will develop overt diabetes. During the prediabetic stage, remaining β‐cells might be activated to compensate for the lost function caused by cell loss. The overwork of β‐cells does not last long, and the patients eventually manifest hyperglycemia sufficient for diagnosis of diabetes. The staging of diabetes might therefore be determined by the amount of β‐cell loss, not simply by the insulin requirement or insulin secretory capacity. If the aforementioned story applies to most type 2 diabetic patients, the treatment that protects from cell death and promotes replication of β‐cells should be essential. Whether such benefits are obtained from the new treatment with incretin or other compounds currently under the clinical trial should carefully be evaluated in future investigations on humans. Perhaps the effects might be different when comparing the results between the early stage and advanced stage of type 2 diabetes.

Figure 1

 Natural history and clinical staging of diabetes. Over the development of type 2 diabetes, islet β‐cell function might gradually be deteriorated. It might be reflected by the elevation of fasting blood glucose, reduced insulin ...

It is just the beginning of a new era where clinical staging of diabetes based on pathological background is considered to be crucial for the direction of treatment. However, how can we estimate the severity of β‐cell loss in living diabetic patients? To solve this problem, much effort for body imaging of β‐cells using appropriate markers and sophisticated machines is now in progress to quantify the exact mass of β‐cells in living bodies. Data on β‐cell dynamics in aging or the effects of obesity are now accumulating from the studies on humans. We have to also explore the relationship between islet β‐cell mass obtained from autopsy or surgical cases and functional measures of β‐cells when the tissues are taken. Of course, we have to take dysfunction of β‐cells into account for the severity of disease, but the ultimate feature of this disease might be a marked reduction of β‐cells, requiring insulin replacement. It might be too simplistic to consider in this way, but the introduction of β‐cell loss into the severity of disease is meaningful and translatable to determine the method of treatment and to what extent it will be effective. Unfortunately, the data on β‐cell mass are not always consistent or comparable among the laboratories. To this end, establishing systems for easy use of human samples and standardization of measurement of the islet β‐cell mass is urgently required so that the worldwide comparisons become feasible.


The focus of this article is on the potential divergence between the welfare interests and due process rights of the juvenile in the Programme. The second section of the article will briefly outline the provisions of the Programme. This will be followed by an examination of the need for a customised rights approach in the Programme instead of the due process rights framework utilised by the traditional adversarial system.


The age/sex related differences in the size of the sellar adenohypophysis demonstrated by Rasmussen (1938) are generally accepted. The present paper presents the findings of an investigation undertaken to determine if similar age/sex related differences in size are present in the extrasellar collection of adenohypophysial tissue known as the pharyngeal hypophysis. The human pharyngeal hypophysis is an elongated body of tissue consistently present in the mucoperiosteum underlying the posterior vomero-sphenoidal articulation in the roof of the nasopharynx; its long axis lies in the mid-sagittal plane. The anterior, or vomerine, part of the pharyngeal hypophysis consists of a few columns of cells which pass posteriorly and deeply from the epithelial surface through the mucous glands to become continuous with the larger posterior, or sphenoidal, part which extends into the periosteum covering the inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid. The pharyngeal hypophysis is usually encapsulated, and possesses Ia stroma of fine connective trabeculae in which run numerous blood vessels. The cells of the interstices have the same staining reactions as sellar adenohypophysial cells, but are smaller in size. The volume of the pharyngeal hypophysis is approximately 1 X 10-3 times that of the sellar adenohypophysis Adrenocortico-trophic hormone, human growth hormone, a prolactin type factor and thyrotrophic hormone have demonstrated in the pharyngeal hypophysis


Malaysia is a country which has a racial policy. Protection policy for Bumiputera (Malay) has got
major portion, but the two ethnic groups, China and India do not receive proportionate attention.
Vatican is a country with special characteristics. Vatican has a strong influence in international
relations, because Vatican is the epicenter of the Catholic people of the world, as well as the
influence factors of the Pope as the leader of the Catholic and as respected figure in international
politics. Malaysia, on a variety of factors are necessary to open diplomatic relations with the Vatican.
To get a variety of interests in the international system.
Keywords: Malaysia, Vatican, Diplomatic, Relations


In view of the current volatility in global equity markets, the outlook for Australian equities returns is a significant issue for funds managers and investors. There is strong evidence that returns in the Australian market are predictable from past US returns (two years earlier). In addition, Australian growth stocks are shown to be more influenced by the 'two-year' effect than are value stocks.


We re-examined the fossil scaphopod assemblage from the Middle Miocene
 (Badenian) deposits in Visnjica locality near Belgrade (Serbia) reveals high
 biodiversity of this neglected fossil group. The study of the nearly 300
 specimens has revealed the presence of twelve species of Scaphopoda, two of
 which are mantiened in open nomenclature. They belong to seven genera (in
 both orders, Dentaliida da Costa, 1778 and Gadilida Starobogatov, 1974):
 Fissidentalium badense (Partsch in Hornes, 1856), Antalis cf. taurocostatum
 (Sacco, 1897), Antalis mutabilis (Hornes 1856 ex Doderlein ms), Antalis cf.
 subprismaticum (Baluk, 1972), Antalis sp., Paradentalium sexangulum (Gmelin,
 1790), Paradentalium michelottii (Hornes, 1856), Dentalium sp., Omniglypta
 jani (Hoernes, 1856), Omniglypta emersoni (Caprotti, 1979), Gadilina
 taurogracilis Sacco, 1897, Pulsellum miocaenicum (Boettger, 1901).
 Representatives of the order Dentaliida da Costa, 1778, predominate. Among
 the identified species, Fissidentalium badense the most common in the
 investigated material and comprised 40% of the collected specimens. The
 order Gadilida is represented only by Pulsellum miocaenicum (Boettger,
 1901).


ABSTRACT REDUCED supplies of fossil fuels and the need for energy conservation have prompted investigation s of alternate heat sources for grain drying. This paper presents the development and testing of a low-temperature heat - pump grain dryer. The design technique and features of the prototype are discussed. Results of a heat pump—electric resistance side-by-side field test are presented.


AIM
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms are uncommon. We present our results of SCA aneurysm embolization using current endovascular techniques Material and Methods: All SCA aneurysms treated by our endovascular team since 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical information and angiographic findings on presentation, during treatment and on follow-up were noted Results: Endovascular treatment was the primary treatment method for SCA aneurysms during the study period. Twenty three patients (15 women, 12 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, mean age 50.6) with SCA aneurysms were treated. Treatments included coiling (%56), stent assisted coiling, stentriever assisted coiling, Y stent assisted coiling and flow diversion with either flow diverter placement or telescopic stenting. Two patients expired secondary to consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The outcome of 1 patient was mRS 3 and the outcome of remaining 20 patients was mRS 0. The rates of aneurysm occlusion according to Raymond-Roy classification were: Class 1 in 11 patients, class 2 in 6 patients and class 3 in 2 patients on a mean follow-up of 15.3 months. Only one patient required retreatment Conclusion: Current endovascular techniques are able to address the high rate of recanalization and retreatment of SCA aneurysms which are currently the major drawbacks associated with primary coiling when compared with surgical treatment. It remains to be shown if use of these newer techniques are associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events.


Abstract The purchase of Covid-19 vaccines by the EU Commission as agent for the Member States has caused substantial political discussion, including a lawsuit against the producer AstraZeneca in Brussels in 2021. The article looks at these purchase contracts as examples for a problematic use of "best efforts" clauses in commercial contracting, considering some key jurisdictions. The clauses are discussed from a drafting perspective, including their function and their theoretical background in comparative law. It concludes with a primer for the drafting process, looking at some basic contracting schemes for softening or intensifying obligations.


The dynamics of the square wheel is re‐evaluated. It is shown that the minimum coefficient of static friction required for pure rolling decreases from 1 for very slow motion to only 0.105 at the optimum kinetic energy, then increases again for faster motion. The kinetic energy and the equations of motion are derived considering translation of the center of mass and rotation about it in an inertial coordinate system attached to the roadbed and also for rotation about the point of contact. The fact that the instantaneous axis of rotation is accelerating is emphasized and its consequences are discussed.


The Seventh Environment Action Program of the European commission commits the European Union to "increase efforts to reduce soil erosion and increase organic matter". Use of perennial crops in crop rotation could be a way to meet this objective.Perennial crops differed from annual crops due to their ability to recycle C and N from one year to another. They could also increase C and N storage in soils due to perennial organs death and root system turn-over. We recently improved the STICS model to allow long term simulation of perennial cropping systems, matching with its objective of genericity for crops (Brisson et al., 1998; 2003). We added to the model new formalisms allowing the simulation of C and N fluxes between perennial and non-perennial organs (Strullu et al., 2014) and the simulation of root system turn-over by distinguishing fine and coarse roots (Strullu et al., 2015).The model was able to simulate with accuracy biomass production and N content of different perennial crops in various climate and soil conditions. Moreover, taking into account C and N inputs to the soil due to crop residues allowed a realistic simulation of the evolution of soil organic carbon and nitrogen (SOC and SON respectively).We realized a sensitivity analysis of the evolution of SOC, SON and mineral N in the soil to C and N inputs due to crop residues quantity and quality. Results highlighted the primary role of roots and perennial organs turn-over on C and N storage in soil.Improvements brought to the model allow the simulation on the long term of perennial cropping systems biomass production and environmental impacts. These modifications will also be useful to simulate alternative cropping systems.


John Dewey, David Kolb, and others have developed theories, philosophies, and principles that explain the concept of experiential learning. However, most literature on the topic focuses on traditional classroom education. A gap in the literature on the topic of adult non-traditional experiential learning showed a need for a theoretical review of theories, philosophies, and principles that lend themselves to the development of a new model. The Experiential Andragogy model presented here was developed for practical use in non-traditional experiential learning settings, particularly in programs designed for adult learners.


Background:The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene is located within the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex region, exhibiting the -308 GA promoter region polymorphism and six microsatellites (TNFa–f) spanning the region nearby the TNF locus. Objective:In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of -308 GA and TNFa-e polymorphisms and respective haplotypes (in chromosomal sequence: TNFd-TNFe-308GA-TNFc-TNFa-TNFb), in 222 patients with AIDS, 52 of whom exhibited cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in 202 healthy HIV-negative individuals. Method:TNF microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism typings were performed by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results:The TNF-308A allele and the 4-3-G-2-7-1 haplotype were associated with susceptibility to AIDS, whereas the TNFb4 allele and the 3-3-G-1-11-4 haplotype were associated with protection against AIDS development. The TNFc2 allele and the 4-1-G-2-2-1 haplotype, which contains the TNFc2 allele, were associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Conclusion:This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with AIDS per se and with cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients.


s in this issue are classified under the following headings: Experimental Studies and Animal Tumors The Female Genital Tract General Clinical Observations The Genito-Urinary Tract Diagnosis and Treatment The Bones The Skin The Nervous System The Upper Respiratory Tract Reticulum-cell Sarcoma Thoracic Tumors Education, Public Health The Digestive Tract EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AND ANIMAL TUMORS Tissue Extract from Human Sources, P. E. STEINER. Science 92: 431-432, 1940. A benzene extract of liver of persons with carcinoma of the stomach, lung, esophagus, and rectum, when dissolved in sesame oil, produced 13 tumors in 56 mice. The tumors were all spindle-cell or polymorphous-cell sarcoma. Extract from the liver of persons dying of disease other than cancer did not produce a single tumor in 53 mice. The author was not able to confirm Schabad's results (Compt. rend. Soc. d e biol. 124: 213, 1937) with a benzene extract of the liver from a case of carcinoma of the stomach. These results were confirmed, however, on a considerable scale by Hieger (Am. J. Cancer 39: 496, 1940), who obtained 12 tumors in 367 mice. The tumors were produced by subcutaneous injection and were all spindle-cell sarcomas. What is most interesting in Hieger's r'esults is that he obtained tumors from extracts of livers of non-cancerous persons. Des Ligneris (Am. J. Cancer 39: 489, 1940) also produced tumors in mice with extracts of both cancerous and non-cancerous liver. Similar results are reported in a paper by Kleinenberg, Neufach and Schabad (Am. J. Cancer 39: 463, 1940). These results show that no conclusions can be drawn a t the present moment as to a carcinogenic substance being produced either in cancer or in the liver of cancer patients, or being absorbed in the liver from a cancer a t a distance, but they show also that liver extracts of various types, composed chiefly of the non-saponifiable residues of human tissues, contain substances that exist both in normal and cancerous persons, which when administered to a highly susceptible animal may produce cancer. Influence of Homologous and Heterologous Blood on the Tr+spIantability and Growth of Experimental Malignant Tumors, A. A. KULIKOWSKAJA. rch. path. Anat. u. path. Physiol. (Russ.) 4(No. 1): 63-74, 1938. Homologous, as well as heterologous blood of normal and cancer patients, human fetuses three to five months of age, and of guinea-pigs, was injected before or after transplantation of the Erhlich carcinoma or Besredka sarcoma in mice, the FlexnerJobling carcinoma in rats, and the Brown-Pearce tumor in rabbits. The dose in mice was from 0.1 to 0.2 c.c., in rats 0.3 c.c., and in rabbits 0.5 C.C. Each animal received three to five iniections. -~ ~ The number of takes was 30 per cent less in animals receiving normal human blood or homologous blood than in controls, and tumor growth was retarded in treated animals after successful transplantation. Injection of homologous and heterologous blood after transplantation produced regressive changes and resorption of the tumors in 50 per cent of the animals bearing the Besredka sarcoma, in 66 per cent of the animals with the Ehrlich tumor, and in 37 per cent of the animals with the Flexner-Jobling carcinoma. Injections of homologous and heterologous blood of animals and patients bearing spontaneous tumors increased the rate of growth of previously transplanted tumors. M. GLASUNOW Influence of Induced Hibernation on the Growth Behavior of Mouse Neoplasms, F. BISCHOFF, M. L. LONG, AND J. J. RUPP. J. Biol. Chem. 133: xiii, 1940. By subjecting mice to a sudden low environmental temperature of 2O to 5" i t .has been found possible to reduce the body temperature below 20" for seven-hour periods on five successive days, or for a continuous twenty-four-hour period. Under these conditions a state resembling hibernation is produced. In the range of skin temperature 15-20°, the animals lose consciousness, respiration is diminished, the heart beat is reduced to about one-half the normal, and the blood sugar falls. If the environ-


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of definitive casts that are fabricated from digital intraoral impression and conventional impression technique. Methods: A master model(ANNA-4, Frasaco GmbH, Tettnang, Germany) with the prepared upper full arch tooth was used. Conventional impression and then stone model(n=10) were produced from this master model, and on the other hands, digital impressions were made with the CS-3600 intraoral scanner(n=10). Six linear measurements were recorded between landmarks, directly on each of the stone models on two occasions by a single examiner. Measurements were made with a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01mm from manual models and with the software(Delcam PowerSHAPE) from the virtual models. The t-student test for paired samples and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) were used for statistical analysis. Results: The measurement of two methods showed good reliability. The ICC of the two models were 0.88~0.91(stone model) and 0.94~0.99(digital model). The mean differences to master model for stone model and digital model were 0.10~0.14mm, and 0.14~0.20mm, respectively. Conclusion: The definitive casts obtained with digital intraoral technique model had significantly larger dimensions as compared to those of the stone model. However, the differences to the master model detected appear to provide enough accuracy and reliability for clinical application.


The study's aim is to explore consumer opinions on vegetarian food in the electronic commerce area by the qualitative research method, in more detail, based on utilizing the lexicon-based approach to analyze sentiment. The sentiment of five aspects including price, package, shipment, brand, and quality is considered detecting from customers' reviews. Besides, the rating tags are also categorized as an opinion (positive, negative, neutral) based on the star number. The dataset includes 17,892 customer reviews. The findings found that the customers' sentiments are 20.8% positive, 0.7% negative, and 78.5% neutral for an average of five aspects. Product quality is the most concerning of the five aspects of customer comments. This aspect also makes up 8,672 positive comments. Besides, quality and package aspects are more than 5,000 positively attached tags and shipment has the most negative tags taking 26 rating tags. Furthermore, the average of the stars is 4.94 stars, which is close to reaching the peak of 5.0 stars. This study demonstrates that the view of customers for aspects about vegan products according to text comments, the quality aspect has a significant number of positive comments than other aspects. Hence, the business might understand the significant factors to deal with them.


www.alabamareview.org McIlwain's conclusion is stark. "The true Cause—the preservation of slavery—and the actions of Davis and his Alabama supporters cannot be squared with common sense or modern morals," he writes. "But even judging by the result-oriented standards prevailing in Davis's era, one cannot escape the conclusion that the conduct of those who brought secession and war to preserve slavery produced nothing but disaster. Any politician who caused that would be hardpressed to merit a favorable verdict from an unbiased jury" (267). What to do then with all those Confederate myths and symbols so lovingly nourished and erected by Fleming's generation? Those legacies still surround and influence modern Alabamians' understanding of the war and have recently become part of a vigorous and ongoing public debate. Any intelligent solution or compromise will depend upon a clear-eyed and realistic reappraisal of what the traumatic experience of the Civil War meant for all Alabamians, not just planter elites and ennobled Confederate veterans. Books like Christopher McIlwain's Civil War Alabama will help inform the effort.


A tentative subdivision of Knema into 12 series, containing 83 species. The series and species are mainly defined by the shape of the mature male flower bud (perianth) and the androecium, with in addition various vegetative characters primarily concerning the tomentum of the apical part of the twigs, of the lower leaf surface, and of the flowers. This subdivision into series is partly fairly differing from the division into groups poposed by Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) and 18 (1961), which was mainly based on characters of the female flowers, mainly style and stigma; these latter characters are presently regarded as of less taxonomic significance. A survey of the characters regarded as important in Knema is given. The genus occurs in mainland SE. Asia and Malesia, from India to western New Guinea; not in Ceylon. Of the 83 species, 63 occur in Malesia, and 30 in mainland SE. Asia excluding Malaya and Singapore; 20 species are restricted to that latter area, and most of the remaining 10 species are of Malesian origin, just penetrating into the moist evergreen forest in Peninsular Thailand. Most species occur in Borneo, 39, of which 22 are endemic. A general key to all species of Knema, inside and outside Malesia, based mainly on male flower- and on vegetative characters, is presented. For female flowering and fruiting material five separate regional keys, one for mainland SE. Asia (excl. Malaya and Singapore), and four keys covering the Malesian area, also using in addition vegetative characters, is presented. As compared to Sinclair's monograph (1961), in which 37 species, 14 varieties, and 1 form were accepted, several species have presently been taken out of synonymy and re-installed, necessitating the redescription of many species. Many of the newly proposed species appeared to be not yet or insufficiently collected at the time of Sinclair's treatment. Description and discussion of the 12 newly proposed series. Enumeration and treatment of all species accepted. Several species have been subdivided into subspecies, varieties, or forms. Besides the 12 new series, 25 new species, 8 new subspecies, 3 new varieties, and 3 new forms are described, and in addition there are several proposals of a new status of already existing taxa. For all new names and combinations, see the index. All extra-Malesian taxa are fully treated, providing for synonymy, typification, description, notes, and enumeration of examined specimens; of the Malesian species usually merely the synonymy, types, some notes, and examined specimens are presented, as full descriptions of these species will appear in Flora Malesiana. An index of all scientific names pertaining to Knema is given at the end.


The purpose of the study is to study the timing of the onset of phenological phases and assess the adaptive abilities of introduced raspberry varieties to changes in meteorological factors in the Cis-Ural forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan. The results of studying the phenological phases of 11 raspberry varieties of different ripening periods are presented. The research was carried out at the Kushnarenkovskiy Breeding Center of the BNIISH UFITs RAS in 2016-2021. Observations were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the study of variety of fruit, berry and nut crops". It has been established that the timing and duration of the passage of the phenological phases of raspberries are significantly affected by weather conditions. It is noted that all studied varieties show low resistance to return frosts. The beginning of vegetation in the studied varieties, on average, was noted in the first decade of May. Raspberry blossom took place from 6 to 17 June. The ripening of raspberries began in the first decade of July. The fastest rates of raspberry development were noted in 2021 at an average daily air temperature of 18.8ºС, flowering took place on May 18, ripening on June 16, 15-24 days ahead of multi-year periods, the duration of flowering, ripening and interphase periods also decreased. The sum of effective temperatures for the onset of the "beginning of flowering" phenological phase was 524ºС; the onset of the phase "beginning of maturation" 1063ºС. It was revealed that raspberry varieties Novosti Kuzmina, Barnaulskaya, Chelyabinskaya krupnoplodnaya, Brigantina had the highest resistance to changes in environmental factors in the conditions of the republic.


THE BFU IS AN INSTITUTION WHICH WAS CREATED IN 1971 FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN ROAD TRAFFIC, SPORT AND IN THE HOUSEHOLD. ITS COSTS ARE MET IN EQUAL PARTS BY THE STATE ACCIDENT INSURANCE INSTITUTION AND THE PRIVATE ACCIDENT INSURANCE COMPANIES. IT IS A PURELY TECHNICAL ORGANISATION WITHOUT ECONOMIC INTERESTS. THE BFU IS SUBDIVIDED INTO THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENTS: INFORMATION, TRAFFIC EDUCATION, TECHNICAL SERVICE, RESEARCH INTO CAUSES AND STATISTICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE, LEGAL SERVICE, SPORT AND HOUSEHOLD. CLOSE CONTACT WITH THE AUTHORITIES AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTES, AS WELL AS CARRYING OUT OF SECRETARIAL FUNCTIONS FOR THE MOST IMPORTANT TECHNICAL COMMISSIONS MAKE IT POSSIBLE FOR THE BFU TO COORDINATE THE APPROPRIATE MEASURES WITHIN A NATIONWIDE FRAMEWORK. WITH THE NOMINATION OF 700 CANTONAL AND COMMUNAL DELEGATES, WHOSE MAIN TASK WILL BE THE SAFEGUARDING OF HEALTH AND LIFE OUTSIDE INDUSTRY AND IN THE PROMOTION OF SAFETY CONSCIOUSNESS AMONG THE POPULATION, THE BFU HAS ACHIEVED THE FIRST STAGE OF ITS DEVELOPMENT. DECENTRALISATION HAS ALREADY LED TO MANY SUCCESSES.


The importance of copper in New Spain's economy is manifest in the many ways it was used. These uses ranged from coinage, to armaments, to innumerable articles of industrial, domestic, and artistic use, and, in nonmetallic form, to processing silver ore. Not only did uses proliferate during the colonial period, but also amounts needed increased at an accelerating pace, a trend related to the mother country's increasing involvement in wars and to the stimulation of colonial economies that resulted from the liberalization of trade in the late eighteenth century. Concern over adequacy of copper supply began to be noticeable in the early part of that century and became intense during its last two decades when a supply problem of crisis proportions developed. This paper attempts to analyze the conditions of supply and demand that affected the copper industry, how they contributed to the crisis, and how the government tried to resolve it.


This work investigates the design of optimum distribution of photon density power among the source positions, and optimum modulation frequencies to maximize the detectability of heterogeneities embedded in turbid medium using near infrared light. The optimum waveforms are designed for the sources in near-infrared diffuse optical tomography which involves reconstruction of spatially varying optical properties of turbid medium as well as fluorophore lifetime and yield from boundary measurements. We start our analysis by first deriving the discrete source-to-detector map based on the finite-element formulation of the diffuse photon density wave equation and Robin boundary conditions. We determine statistical figures of merit to maximize the contrast of heterogeneities with respect to a given background. Next, we design optical waveforms that will maximize the figure of merit for the detectability of heterogeneities. When the figure of merit is derived based on optimal linear detection under the assumption of Gaussianity, the optimal source vector is given by the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the norm of the differences between the source-to-detector maps of homogeneous and heterogeneous domains. We extended our approach to investigate the optimum spatial positions and intensities of point sources to maximize the detectability of the heterogeneities. We explored the effect of tumor location with respect to the sources, tumor size, and the number of sources on detectability.


The automatic water- level control device is designed for the drainage treatment by the pile foundation. This paper introduces three kinds of automatic drainage electric devices. Through changing the wire and other measures, the automatic drainage electric device can be changed as the automatic water- supplydevice.


Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics' and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001). Conclusion: The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, fur- ther studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency.


It is always dangerous to predict how markets could change in the future and what the possible response by the dairy industry to such trends might be. There are, nevertheless, a number of current trends that might, if they continue in their present direction, bring about important changes both in the production and manufacturing sides of the dairy industry. These scenarios are, of course, subject to considerable influence by political forces which, for social or national considerations, may wish to stop or alter the direction of the trends brought about by market forces. Total milk production in the UK and also throughout the EEC has risen substantially over the last 20 years or so. Current figures for production indicate that there will be an increase of about 6% for 1982-3 over the 1981-2 volumes. The volume of milk sold off-farm in the UK between 1959 and 1982 is shown in Fig. I. These increases in production are almost entirely due to increases in yield per cow, as the effects of improvements in feeding (brought about by the better understanding of nutrient requirements), greater feeding-stuff availability and breeding programmes aimed at improving stock become widely established. Cow numbers in the EEC have remained very constant between 1975 (24 801 x 103) and


We optimize tapering parameters of a large mode area W-fiber for the pulse compression of ultra-short high peak power pulses at three different wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1800 nm and 2000 nm. We study the dependence of tapering and fiber length on pulse compression with an input pulse of 100 kW and 250 fs. We achieve the maximum compression at 65% tapering and 35 cm fiber length for all the three wavelengths. This fiber can be an excellent choice for high power applications such as remote sensing, spectroscopy and medical treatments in a wide wavelength range.


To study the sliding mode control method in attitude control of near space vehicle(NSV),the un-power glide-phase motion of NSV was modeled by nonlinear longitudinal dynamic equations.The invertibility of the model was proved by dynamic inverse method.The rotation motion model can be linearized by feedback linearization.Dynamic inversion method and sliding mode control were used in inner-loop and outer-loop controller for designing longitudinal control system,respectively.The parametric command method,which can raise the utilization rate of information and increase the degree of freedom for designing control system,was proposed to improve the performance of control system.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller tracks attack angle command accurately and meets the performance requirements with acceptable control inputs;the dynamic response characteristic and stability precision of control system are influenced by parametric command method markedly.


Transport system for the distribution of various packages and method for operating a transport installation. # For an installation for transporting packages (3, 4) from two sources (1, 2) into various positions preparation (5) a circular conveyor (6) and a longitudinal conveyor (7) driven on the circular conveyor (6), movements of two or more packages (3, 4) are coupled at a junction (17). The coupling is performed because simultaneously with the movement of a bundle (3) located on the circular conveyor (6) is or are introduced into a segment of longitudinal transport (19) of the longitudinal conveyor (7), one or more packages (4) existing (s) on another segment of longitudinal transport (18), the circular conveyor (6). This can ensure the performance capability of conveying particularly high.


The primal focus of the research work was the development of versatile surface functionalization strategies for different nanoparticles ranging from diamond nanostructures to gold nanorods and nanocomposites. One particular aim was the use of reduced grpahene oxide (rGO) and silica coated gold nanorods for the photothermal and photodynamic ablation of pathogens. Embedding of verteporfin, a clinically approved photosensitizer, into silica-coated gold nanorods allowed an efficient eradicaiton of a virulent strain of E. coli associated with urinary tract infection. The great heating effect of graphene-coated gold nanorods when illuminated with a near-infrared laser allowed for a photothermal destruction of the same pathogenic strain. In parallel, we have shown the interest of using diamond nanoparticles (NDs) modified with menthol as well as different sugars as antibacterial agent against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia Coli) bacteria. We developed a strategy for the covalent attachment of sugars by taking advantage of the photochemistry of arylazides, which upon light activation convert to reactive nitrenes. The highly reactive nitrene intermediate formed is believed to interact with glycans through C-H and N-H insertion reactions, creating highly robust covalent linkages. The resulting glyco-NDs maintained their expected binging affinity and specificity towards their partner lectins. Through a fluorescent based agglutination assay, we showed that mannan-NDs display E. coli agglutination at concentrations of ≈10 µg mL-1, being much lower than free mannan and mannose-NDs.


This paper presents a Godard-Kalman approach with adaptive model parameters identification for model-based adaptive filtering over time-varying communication channels. The presented approach enables model-based adaptive channel equalization without prior channel estimation. An adaptive identification of autoregressive (AR) model coefficients is performed to overcome the issue of determining model coefficients which capture the dynamics of unknown time-varying channels. Experimental MSE performance of the adaptive algorithms are simulated in a multi-user environment, assuming a vector AR(1) model for the optimal filter weighs. Superior performance of the Godard-Kalman algorithm with adaptive model identification is demonstrated, comparing to the same algorithm with fixed model coefficients and to standard observation-only-based LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms.


The aim of this paper was to provide an insight into some important aspects of the relationship between communication satisfaction (an independent variable) and job satisfaction (a dependent variable). Empirical testing of the relationship between these variables has become common in empirical studies since 1970. Therefore, the period 1977-2017 was chosen as the observation period. Communication satisfaction is viewed as a multidimensional construct. In many studies job satisfaction is also multidimensional. The results indicate that employees have different levels of communication satisfaction and job satisfaction for various dimensions. Also, the results indicate that there is a positive correlation between these variables in different types of organisations, in different sectors and different countries. However, the results indicate that there are very few perspective studies which have confirmed this specific correlation. Therefore, this paper recommends more concrete explanations of all the dimensions of these variables and their relationships. Also, this paper suggests that different types of organisations should have additional sector-specific dimensions of communication satisfaction and job satisfaction. This paper stimulates more research in this area in less developed economies, including the Republic of Serbia. The results of this paper may be useful for managers in Serbia (in the field of organisational communication, internal communication, internal marketing, organisational behaviour, human resource management).


Oxygen vacancies are a common source of excess electrons in complex oxides. In Mott insulators these additional electrons can induce a metal-insulator transition (MIT), fundamentally altering the electronic properties of the system. Here we study the effect of oxygen vacancies in LaTiO3, a prototypical Mott insulator close to the MIT. We show that the introduction of oxygen vacancies creates a vacancy-related band immediately below the partially filled Ti-t2g bands. We study the effect of this additional band on the Mott MIT using a combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT), employing a minimal correlated subspace consisting of effective Ti-t2g orbitals plus an additional Wannier function centered on the vacancy site. We find that the Mott insulating state in LaTiO3 is robust to the presence of the vacancy band, which remains fully occupied even in the presence of a local Coulomb repulsion.


The simultaneous histochemical demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity and autoradiographic demonstration of [3H]-thymidine uptake is valuable for study of bone cell kinetics in vivo or in vitro. By use of this technique, it has been possible to detect changes induced by a single dose of dexamethasone (10(-7) M) in the time course of alkaline phosphatase activity, the number of alkaline phosphatase-positive cells, and [3H]-thymidine labeling in bone formed in vitro.


Gentrification represents a complex revitalization process of the inner city
 core, which includes a physical improvement or dilatation of housing stock,
 changes in ownership structure, housing prices incensement and the
 displacement of poorer working class, which replaces the new middle class
 with higher incomes. Using data collected in survey research, this paper aims
 to identify the specific dimensions of gentrification in the central zone of
 Belgrade. The focus of the research is the improvement of living and housing
 conditions in the urban core. This condition improvement is the result of
 investments in the residential space and supporting infrastructure, but it is
 also largely associated with economic status of immigrant inhabitants -
 "gentrifiers", their preferences to the urban lifestyle, as well as to their
 attitude to residential environment. This paper deals with the subjective
 dimension of gentrification, e.g. with the actors of that process themselves.
 The core of this subjective dimension is the perception of the residential
 area (neighborhood) as a unique component of residential (location) choice of
 different social groups.


Success in higher education is viewed as an eff ective way of enhancing employability by the youth. This study focussed on examining the impact of high school students' study process, gender, and emotional intelligence (EI) to their academic performances. Hundred and fi fteen (third year) high school students (52 girls, and 63 boys) were randomly selected from three high schools in Zlin, Czech Republic. Emotional intelligence of the respondents was measured through Genos EI Inventory. Respondents' study process was assessed through the 'revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire' of Biggs et al. Academic performance of the students was assessed based on their examination results. SPSS computer software was employed for the descriptive and inferential analysis of data. Study Approaches, Study Motives, and Study Strategies adopted by the respondents were assessed. Relationships were tested between the respondents' gender, age, EI and academic performances. The mediating eff ects of study approaches to the aforementioned relationships were examined. Findings revealed a positive relationship between the gender of respondents and their academic performances. High school girls had adopted deeper study approaches and their academic performances were superior to boys. EI had no signifi cant relationship with the academic performances of the respondents. The surface study approach had a negative relationship with the academic performances of the respondents. The deep study approach did not have a relationship with the academic performances of students. The surface study ap-


Genetic counselling is the process of guiding to the individuals and families who are affected by or at risk of genetic disorders in order to help them to understand and adapt the medical, familial and psychological consequences of genetic contributions to the disease; this field is considered necessary for the implementation of genomic medicine [1]. This process integrates:


This paper introduces a data-reduction algorithm that can be applied to all data classes found in automotive multiplexing.Detailed performance analysis of the algorithm is presented.Automotive multiplexing allows sharing information among various intelligent modules inside an automotive electronic system.The information can be exchanged among various electronic modules in real time,thus improving the information exchange rate among various intelligent modules.


It is shown that most triaxial galaxies oriented in space to appear as E0 galaxies should have observable rotation velocities. By projecting Levison and Richstone's (1987) triaxial models so that they look like E0s, it was found that v/sigma can be as large as 1.0. In a separate argument, the observed distribution of axial ratios of ellipticals was used to show that between 3 percent and 23 percent of E0 galaxies are intrinsically flattened systems. Thus, if elliptical galaxies are triaxial then some E0 galaxies should have observable rotation velocities.


This paper presents an on chip network characterized by pipelined circuit switching mechanism with dynamic path setup to support guaranteed traffic permutation in multiprocessor system-on-chip applications. The proposed network forms a virtual path between source node, intermediate nodes and the destination node in step by step manner, which is termed as dynamic path setup. The dynamic path-setup scheme is established with the help of special registers called status registers, whose contents depicts the status of the source, intermediate and destination nodes and enables runtime path arrangement for arbitrary traffic permutations .This paper also includes error detection and correction mechanism for the transmitted data.


A plurality of directional sounders are located in the monitoring area can be activated sequentially and synchronously in different modes, in order to establish a defined audibly away by the evacuation route area. The audio emitted from the respective sound generator capable of audio emitted from the other promoters different sounder, thereby providing a path and direction of evacuation to individuals in the vicinity of the evacuation route.


(6-/sup 3/H)-1..cap alpha..-Hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ was chemically synthesized and its full biological activity and radiochemical purity were demonstrated. With the use of this preparation it has been possible to demonstrate in vivo that in rats the (6-/sup 3/H)-1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ is converted to (6-/sup 3/H)-1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/, the natural hormone. In fact, in the intestine and bone of rats given 32 picomoles of (6-/sup 3/H)-1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ each day for 6 days, more than 80 percent of the lipid-soluble radioactivity exists as (6-/sup 3/H)-1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/, a finding that suggests that much of the biological effectiveness of 1..cap alpha..-hydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/ is due to its conversion to 1..cap alpha..,25-dihydroxyvitamin D/sub 3/.


ABSTRACT Social media increasingly allows consumers to interact with businesses, although the effects of this novel technology in the context of public relations are under-examined. Consistent with the ideas proposed by the Elaboration Likelihood Model, the present study conducted a 2 × 3 online experiment with a sample of 131 participants to examine the effect of message interactivity and source authority on consumers' ad attitudes, brand attitudes, and purchase intentions. Message interactivity had a positive effect on ad effectiveness via the indirect pathway of perceived informativeness. These findings relate to the ELM in that they suggest that users processed information more centrally than peripherally, or that interactivity had a larger effect on consumer attitudes than authority. Theoretical and practical implications of study results are discussed.


Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogenic bacteria that remains a continuing challenge for the food industry due to its persistence in the processing plants, the ability of the organism to respond to stresses of relevance to the food preservation (cold, salt, acid), and the high mortality rate of human listeriosis. The fresh or minimally processed ready-to-eat foods, which are stored at refrigeration temperature, are of main concern because L. monocytogenes can grow during cold storage. In this article an overview is given of some molecular mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes to adapt to stresses imposed during food processing, including the accumulation of osmolytes, and the synthesis or activation of special proteins. Some stress responses are specific to a given stressor; others confer resistance to a broad range of stressors. These mechanisms should be considered when a treatment or a combination of treatments for pathogen elimination from food is designed.


There is a need for positive interplay among the various actors in exploration. The licensees have an important role, but the host country's role in managing the assessment of the resources is equally important in promoting effective exploration. Selection of an appropriate concession policy is the main tool for the development of the host country's enterprising capacity both within and outside the petroleum sector. Some of the most important aspects of concession policy are reviewed, with reference to the Norwegian experience as an illustration. The development of infrastructure and institutional development in the country are major elements in resource management in as far as promoting a positive development in the country's enterprising capacity. It is therefore important that licensing as the cardinal element in exploration is implemented within a total resource management strategy.


Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is widely spread across the world. The COVID-19 lockdown policy has forced dine-in restaurants and cafes to close. Consequently, there is a plunge in the global economy into severe recession due to less economic activities. On the other hand, the demand for online food delivery services has increased during this period. As a result, the changes in consumer behaviours during the COVID-19 crisis are taken into consideration. Are the COVID-19 crisis and the changes in consumer behaviours related? Due to the new model of consumption, our study aims to observe and discern the relationship between COVID-19 crisis and changes in consumer behaviours. Data were collected by a questionnaire asking about participants' general information, the impacts of COVID-19 on other relevant aspects, and the changes in consumer behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey samples, including the population in Mueang Khon Kaen District, Thailand, were randomly selected through a random sampling method with a total of 634 respondents (241 males, 380 females, and 13 others). Our results revealed that the respondents have been highly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and their consumer behaviours have been changed significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period. Additionally, statistical analyses showed that there is a significant correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and the changes in consumer behaviours. This study could serve as a guideline of further studies about the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer behaviours, which can be appropriately adopted in the era for the new normal.


How digital media is changing the lives of Australians and how this has affected traditional media like print, radio and television is presented. Digital connectivity has become a central pillar of Australian media policy and the government's digital media push includes 'Ready Set Go Digital - A Digital Action Plan for Australia' and the 'Digital Content Industry Action Agenda'.


Damage to bolls of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton by southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was evaluated in field-cage studies. Fifth instars of N. viridula confined singly over a 9-d-old boll for 3.5 d caused more damage than adult stink bugs or earlier instars. Boll damage by 5th instars of N. viridula decreased as boll age increased from 4 to 18 d from white bloom; damage to 18-d-old bolls was negligible. Exposure of 13-d-old bolls singly to 5th instars of N. viridula for 7 d reduced boll yield by 59% compared with unexposed bolls. Adults of L. lineolaris caused boll injury similar in type to that of 4th instars of N. viridula after confinement of adults singly with an 8-d-old boll for 8 d. However, the much larger 4th instars of N. viridula caused significantly more damage than adults of L. lineolaris. These data should be particularly useful in the development of treatment thresholds for the aforementioned pests in transgenic Bt cotton where insecticide use is limited.


A low-cost fix-tuned 135-165 GHz sub-harmonic mixer (SHM) with low conversion loss (CL) is presented. The SHM is designed adopting GaAs Schottky dual-diode chip DBES105a, delivered by UMS, Inc. In consideration of extremely short signal wavelength and small circuit size at terahertz band, complicated parasitic effect, brought by packaging of the adopted Schottky chip, can lead to a limitation on optimum CL and operation bandwidth. To reduce the parasitic elements, one of the diodes in series is shorted and single-junction operation is enabled in the chip. The corresponding equivalent circuit model is developed for impedance matching and reliable circuit design. Passive circuits, including the waveguide-to-microstrip-line (WG-MSL) transition, the matching networks and the diplexer, are optimized to minimize the CL based on the equivalent circuit model. The experimental results show that the measured single-side-band CL of the SHM is 11-17 dB over 135-165 GHz, and is 12±1 dB over 140-160 GHz. Wide IF frequency bandwidth is attained, covering 0-20 GHz. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, demonstrating the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model and the effectiveness of the design methodology.


Religious celibacy is challenged by the natural law that man and woman are susceptible to each other.Ralph and Meggie,the hero and the heroine in the Australian woman writer Colleen McCullough's novel The Thorn Birds,fall in love with each other,yet the passion is never powerful enough to greatly influence Ralph's predetermined ambition.Because of her bad marriage,Meggie is not successful in getting rid of Ralph.Love,once planted,is not easy to be wiped out without a vestige.People repeat the patterns of their early experience in later life.


International and intercultural collaborations provide a unique opportunity to explore cultural differences in the usage and appropriation of a technology. Mobile photo capture and sharing has been growing in popularity in the Western world but nowhere has the practice been as eagerly adopted as in South Korea. In this paper we present an evaluation of a mobile-collocated photo sharing technology probe designed to determine the ways in which photo capture and sharing can effect and enhance face-to-face interaction for pre-existing social groups. We explore the interaction of culture and automatic, real-time photo capture and sharing on groups of friends engaging in a walking tour. We assemble a multicultural research team to better understand our observations and isolate cultural and technological artifacts. We relate our findings to prior work in the area to show that culture can have as much, if not more, impact on group usage of a technology than the technical capabilities of a system.


ABSTRACT The European Union-Japan political and international development dialogue is resurging through the Strategic Partnership Agreement recently agreed between the two actors. The current paper argues that in order for this agreement to deliver on its promises, the EU and Japan need to build on their similarities, but more importantly on their differences and lessons learnt through their distinct international experiences. While common values and norms have helped them to agree on such document, building on their differences will help both actors to make this bilateral dialogue more productive and strategic. Through the theoretical lenses of policy entrepreneurship used to consolidate knowledge for development on horizontal cooperation, the paper questions how sharing their experiences as international donors can be of strategic relevance for both the EU and Japan.


Can frontier innovation be promoted and sustained under autocracy? We argue that a symbiotic relationship between frontier innovation and entrenched autocracy can exist. Symbiosis arises when (i) innovative output increases autocrats' probability of maintaining power, and (ii) autocrats' spending on innovative output to maintain power generates further innovation. We evaluate these two conditions of symbiosis in China's facial recognition AI sector. We gather comprehensive data on firms and government procurement contracts in this sector, as well as on social unrest across China during the last decade. We show that, first, autocrats benefit from AI: local unrest leads to greater government procurement of facial recognition AI, and increased AI procurement suppresses subsequent unrest. Second, the AI sector benefits from autocrats' suppression of unrest: the contracted AI firms innovate more both for the government and commercial markets. Taken together, these results establish the conditions for sustained AI innovation under the Chinese regime: AI innovation entrenches the regime, and the regime's investment in AI for political control stimulates further frontier innovation.


Back ground: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aurues (MRSA) responsible for different Infections. Staphylococcus aurues resides mainly in nose of healthy human also can colonize in other sites of the body. Asymptomatic colonization of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aurues in pregnant women can cause problem to mothers and their infants. Objective: To determine nasal carriage of MRSA among pregnant women in Khartoum state and the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Method: A total of 100 nasal swabs were collected from pregnant women, by a sterile cotton swab moistened with sterile normal saline. Then they were cultured on Manitol salt agar and incubated at 37 0 C for 24hrs, S. aureus was identified by colonial morphology, Gram stain, catalase test, manitol fermentation and coagulase test. Detection of MRSA and antibiotic susceptibility test were done by The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Result: From 100 samples screened among pregnant women 18 (18%) were S.aureus, 3 (16.7%) of them were Methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) and 15 (83.3%) were Methicillin sensitive S.aureus (MSSA) . The susceptibility test of S.aureus isolates showed sensitivity to all antibiotic used in this study (100% for Vancomycin 94.4% for Gentamycin, Clindamycin, Rifampin and 83.3% for Erythromycin). 2 of MRSA isolates were susceptible to five antibiotics (Gentamycin –Erythromycin – Vancomycin –Rifampin – Clindamycin) and 1 of MRSA isolates was resistant to 4 antibiotics and showed sensitivity only to Vancomycin. Conclusion: this study revealed that rate of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among pregnant women in Military and Obstetrics hospital in Khartoum state moderately low (3%) and there were no effective resistances appear among S.aureus isolates in antibiotic susceptibility pattern used. Keywords: Nasal carriage, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus , pregnant women.


Short and long dipole model magnets for the LHC are measured in detail to optimize the field quality to the different operation phases of the accelerator. We will report on recent progress to understand and quantify effects related to the magnetization of the superconductor, to time dependent effects at fields corresponding to beam injection and to behaviour during acceleration. A parametrization for the measurements is proposed. The contributions from any misalignment of the dipoles and correctors magnets is compared to expected field quality of the dipoles.


The mental illness diagnostic expert system is designed to help or assist the psychology doctors to diagnosing the various mental disorders related to human. This expert system can be used to perform some evaluation of patient's physical and emotional symptoms to diagnose the particular disorder. This expert system handles the various types of pathologies that more often appear as Anxiety disorder, Adjustment disorder, Impulse control disorder, Mood disorder and Neuro cognitive disorder causing a micro level damage to individual. This expert system uses three AI techniques: Fuzzy generator, Fuzzy logic and rule based reasoning. We are going to describe a new method for creating a weighted fuzzy rule to deal with the ment5al illness. The fuzzy rule is a causal rule. Its IF part truly cause the THEN. The knowledge of human expert system in the area of mental ill and disorder is transformed and often encoded into the knowledgebase using a fuzzy logic and then provide the severity of any particular disorder. The main objective of this paper is to develop an expert system which deals with the various disorders related to psychology.


The difference between the displacement of the center-of-rotation (mechanical shift) and the electronic centering misalignment (electronic shift) in cone beam single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is evaluated. A method is proposed to determine both mechanical shift (MS) and electronic shift (ES) using the coordinate of the centroid of a projected point source sampled over 360 degrees and the Marquardt nonlinear fitting algorithm. Both shifts are characterized by two orthogonal components. This method is verified using Monte Carlo simulated point source data with different combinations of mechanical and electronic shifts. Both shifts can be determined precisely. This method is also applied to a CB-SPECT system. This study suggests that calibration of the system is needed on a periodic basis.<<ETX>>