Abstract We describe a case of recurrent hypopharyngeal pyriform sinus fistula after an open neck surgery, which was successfully treated with transoral surgical closure. The patient was a 7-year-old boy who had previously undergone neck surgery for removal of a fistula. The fistula recurred one month later, and transoral closure was selected as a treatment. Under general anesthesia, the fistula was identified in the left pyriform sinus, and cotton balls soaked with trichloroacetic acid were inserted in the fistula opening, after which an electrocautery scalpel was used to close the fistula. At 18 months postoperatively, there has been no recurrence or complications. This is the first report to describe a transoral surgical closure of a recurrent fistula. Transoral surgical closure was successful and resulted in no complications; it thus appears to be an effective treatment option, even for patients who have previously undergone open neck surgery.


Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a promising management tool for the conservation and recovery of marine ecosystems, as well as fisheries management. MPAs are generally established as permanent closures but marine systems are dynamic, which has generated debate in favour of more dynamic designs. As a consequence, the identification of priority areas should assess their persistence in space and time. Here, we develop a step-by-step approach to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of fisheries management priority areas using standard fishery-independent survey data. To do so, we fit Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal SDM models to different commercially important demersal species and use the resulting maps to fit different spatial prioritisation configurations. We use these results to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of fisheries priority areas. The proposed method is illustrated through a western Mediterranean case study using fishery-independent trawl survey data on six commercially important species collected over 17 years. We identified two fisheries priority area patterns in the study area, each predominant during a different time-period of the study, asserting the importance of regularly re-assessing MPA designs.


The complex [RuCl
 2
(PPh
 3
)
 3
] reacted
with the 1,4,2-diphosphastibolyl ring anion
[P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

 (containing ca. 25% of the 1,2,4-triphospholyl anion
[P
 3
C
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

) to produce a cocrystallised mixture (crystal structure) of two
isomers of
[Ru(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)
 2
] with
[Ru(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)(η
 5
-P
 3
C
 2
Bu
 t

2
)]. Variable-temperature 31
P-{
 1
H}
NMR studies on the mixture show one of the isomers and the last complex
to be fluxional at room temperature. It is believed that an interring
Sb · · ·
Sb interaction in the other isomer restricts its fluxionality in
solution. The reaction of
[P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

 with FeCl
 2
 yielded only one isomer of the
heteroferrocene complex
[Fe(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)
 2
] which is also non-fluxional in solution and has a
similar oxidation potential to that of ferrocene itself. The
heteroruthenocene complexes
[Ru(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)(η
 5
-C
 5
R
 5
)]
(R = H or Me) were prepared by treating
[Ru(η
 5
-C
 5
R
 5
)(MeCN)
 3
]
[PF
 6
] (R = H or Me) with
[P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

. The analogous ferrocene complex
[Fe(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
)] (crystal
structure) was synthesized by treating a 1∶1 mixture of
[P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

 and Li(C
 5
Me
 5
) with half an equivalent of
FeCl
 2
. Treatment of
[M(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
)]
(M = Ru or Fe) with [W(CO)
 5
(thf)]
(thf = tetrahydrofuran) formed the secondary co-ordination
complexes
[M(η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
){W(CO)

5
}] (M = Ru or Fe) in which the
W(CO)
 5
 fragment is η
 1
 ligated to the
phosphorus centre adjacent to the ring antimony centre. A
diphosphastibolyl-bridged cationic triple-decker complex
[(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
)Ru(µ-η
 5

:
η
 5
-P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2

)Ru(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
)][PF
 6

] was the product of the reaction of
[P
 2
SbC
 2
Bu
 t

 2
]
 -

 with 2 equivalents of
[Ru(η
 5
-C
 5
Me
 5
)(MeCN)
 3
]
[PF
 6
].


In today's technologically advanced world, projects are becoming much more complex and managers often face challenges of controlling the pace of the project. Visual project management (VPM) is a fundamental element of lean methods that allows the project management (PM) activities to accomplish efficiently and effectively within the timeline. The challenges and complexity of projects are on the rise nowadays due to distinct unpredicted characteristics for instance workplace accidents, environmental effects, price hiking of materials cost, and so on. Deficiency of controlling and monitoring the internal and external occurrences within the project sometimes drive to project failure. This article aims to gain an insight into the visual project management practices in various projects through literature analysis along with the understanding of the contribution of visual tools and elements in the purpose of controlling the project. The initial part of this research focuses on an in-depth literature review concerning the functions, tools, elements, and current state of the visual project management. The literature review reveals the contribution of visual management to support managerial strategy by integrating information, providing the elements, tools, and sensory aids into various project work settings. The analysis is conducted by keeping a case study as an example. Following this, a qualitative analysis of a case project provides insight into the findings of this article which focuses on the prominence of visual management in the current project characteristics. Through the analysis and discussion, the anticipation of visual management was explored and identify the findings that disagree or complements the previous literature. Nevertheless, the overall research is concerned with the improvement of the project performance and effectiveness, removing potential threats and uncertainties and controlling the project through VPM philosophies.


The live demonstration of the modular medical instrumentation platform consists of two parts: A disassembled prototype device giving an insight in the modular design of the presented hardware and a demonstration of a sample system for ECG and pulse oximetry acquisition.


In this study we followed Information Systems students' performance in summative task in which they were required to demonstrate the knowledge gained during their studies and examined whether there is a connection between the extent of their investment in the task and the type of job they were assigned to after graduation. Data gathered on the extent of advanced technologies used by the students in their task, the time spent on the learning of the technologies used, the goals they were motivated by during the task and the job they found after graduation. Analysis of the data revealed 1) only a third of the students chose to invest time and efforts in learning new technologies 2) while all the students were motivated by performance goals, majority of high-achievers and few medium achievers were also motivated by mastery goals 3) students that invested more time and efforts in learning new technologies for their task found rewarding job while students who did not found less attractive jobs if any.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Varenicline effectiveness may be related to the level of adherence, which might be reduced by adverse effects such as nausea. The aim of the study was to test a possible effect of nausea on smoking cessation outcomes mediated by adherence.

DESIGN
Mediation path analysis SETTING: Multiple sites within Canada and the United States.

PARTICIPANTS
Treatment-seeking smokers receiving varenicline from two smoking cessation clinical trials: Quit2Live (NCT01836276; n=449) and Pharmacogenetics of Nicotine Addiction Treatment (PNAT) (NCT01314001; n=421).

MEASUREMENTS
Nausea severity was collected through self-report and adherence was biologically assessed using varenicline concentrations (Quit2Live, plasma sample at Week 4; PNAT, saliva sample at Week 2). In Quit2Live, the endpoints were cotinine-verified abstinence at Weeks 4, 12, and 26. In PNAT, the endpoints were carbon monoxide-verified abstinence at Weeks 2, 12, and 26.

FINDINGS
Early nausea was indirectly associated with lower cessation rates at multiple timepoints (ORs ranging from 0.92-0.94; 95%CI between 0.83-0.99) in a relationship mediated by reduced varenicline adherence (assessed by plasma varenicline concentrations) in the Quit2Live trial. This relationship between nausea, adherence and cessation was similar in direction but weaker in effect size (ORs ranging from 0.98-0.99; 95%CI between 0.90-1.03) in the PNAT trial, where adherence was assessed using salivary varenicline concentrations.

CONCLUSIONS
Early nausea during varenicline treatment may be indirectly associated with lower likelihood of smoking cessation through reducing varenicline adherence.


Sulfur present in biomass often causes catalyst deactivation during downstream operations after gasification. Early removal of sulfur from the syngas stream post-gasification is possible via process rearrangements and can be beneficial for maintaining a low-sulfur environment for all downstream operations. High-temperature sulfur sorbents have superior performance and capacity under drier syngas conditions. The reconfigured process discussed in this paper is comprised of indirect biomass gasification using dry recycled gas from downstream operations, which produces a drier syngas stream and, consequently, more-efficient sulfur removal at high temperatures using regenerable sorbents. A combination of experimental results from NREL's fluidizable Ni-based reforming catalyst, fluidizable Mn-based sulfur sorbent, and process modeling information show that using a coupled process of dry gasification with high-temperature sulfur removal can improve the performance of Ni-based reforming catalysts significantly.


Whether a learner can learn English well largely depends on his/her autonomous learning capacity.The present paper discusses the necessity to develop students' autonomous learning capacity,preconditions and concrete approaches.


The torque ripple of the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is always cared in the machine system, since the torque ripple mainly determines the vibration and stability of the machine. This paper presents an indirect testing strategy for the torque ripple of multiunit PMSMs without using a mechanical load. Through the proposed unit-motor configuration, the curve of the torque can be obtained in the situation that some unit motors are running as generators and some unit motors are running as motors. Then, the additional torque ripple in this situation will be calculated based on the measured parameters. Finally, the torque ripple can be obtained by subtracting the additional torque ripple from the tested torque ripple in the situation without mechanical load.


This paper investigates the relationship between visual fields and subjective ratings of
perceived stress in an open public space (OPS) and transport hub. The aim is to investigate
possible influences these characteristics have on the recorded ratings. To do so, the sample
is described with a visibility graph analysis and isovist properties and the constructed data is
paired with participants' ratings of perceived stress.
This article uses data from surveys conducted in Darmstadt, a town of 120,00 in Germany,
in summer 2015. Subject is the Luisenplatz, the city's main public square and a central
transport hub. It houses various amenities, services and residency, and is a junction
where the majority of the tram and bus lines meet. Previous research suggested that the
Luisenplatz in its current state is perceived as one of the most stressful OPS in Darmstadt.
Correlation between visual fields and statements about perceived stress show that users
are more likely to feel stressed when in areas with high visibility, while visual complexity
may contribute to less stressful scenarios. The method presented in this article is been
shown to be promising in analysing how variables of the built environment may contribute
to perceived stress in public transport hubs. It will be useful to further interdisciplinary
research that sets out to better understand the role of the built environment as integral
contributors to stress in urban mobility.


Freeform surfaces, including the femoral components of knee prosthetics, present a significant challenge in manufacturing. The finishing process is often performed manually, which leads to surface finish variations. In the case of knee prosthetics, this can be a factor leading to accelerated wear of the polyethylene tibial component. The wear resistance of polyethylene components might be influenced by not only the roughness but also the lay of femoral component surfaces. This study applies magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) for nanometer-scale finishing of cobalt chromium alloys, which are commonly used in knee prosthetics and other freeform components. Using flat disks as workpieces, this paper shows the dominant parameters for controlling the lay in MAF and demonstrates the feasibility of MAF to alter the lay while controlling the surface roughness. The manually finished disk surfaces (with roughness around 3nm Sa), consisting of random cutting marks, were compared to MAF-produced surfaces (also with roughness around 3nm Sa) with different lays. Tests using deionized water droplets show that the lay influences the wetting properties even if the surface roughness changes by no more than a nanometer. Surfaces with unidirectional cutting marks exhibit the least wettability, and increasing the cross-hatch angle in the MAF-produced surfaces increases the wettability. Surfaces consisting of short, intermittent cutting marks were the most wettable by deionized water. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026935]


According to an ancient Indian text (c. 1700 BC?), the heavens are 1000 earth diameters away from the earth. Other texts took the sun to be halfway to the heavens, so this suggests a distance of the sun about 500 earth diameters from the earth. The confirmation for this supposition comes from the later theories (c. 500 AD) from the same region and from Greek ideas that speak of roughly the same distance. We suggest that this original conception was transformed by the later Indian and Greek theories in different ways to deal with contradictory data related to outer planet periods.


Ctenosporites, Granatisporites, and Pesavis are described as new form genera of fossil fungal spores and spore-like fossils; Striadiporites and Pluricellaesporites are emended. Pesavis and Ctenosporites are geographically restricted to the northwest Pacific and Arctic region. Granatisporites is described to facilitate the classification of fungal spore types ubiquitous over at least the Western Hemisphere.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of combined electroacupuncture and pelvic floor muscle exercises in treating stress incontinence.Methods Seventy-eight female patients with stress incontinence were randomly allocated to two groups.The experiment group of 39 cases were treated by a combination of electroacupuncture and pelvic floor muscle exercises and the control group of 39 cases,by a combination of vitamins(placebo) and pelvic floor muscle exercises.The therapeutic effects were evaluated in the two groups.Results The efficacy rate was 84.6% in the experiment group and 59.0% in the control group.There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P0.01).Conclusion The effect of combined electroacupuncture and pelvic floor muscle exercises is superior to that of combined placebo and pelvic floor muscle exercises in treating stress incontinence.


Introduction As a part of the Ohio program of corn borer research several years of investigations on the growth, rate of maturity, and yield of early and late planted corn have been carried on at Wooster. Studies have been made of the physiological conditions associated with the development of the plant, with differences in yield, and with variations in the length of time required for the maturing of late season varieties, that resulted from varying, (1) the date of planting; (2) the time and method of fertilizer application; and (3) the kind and quantity of fertilizer used. Among the many contributions to our knowledge of the physiological and chemical phenomena of the growth of plants are numerous investigations leading to the establishment of the S-shaped curve of growth and attempting to offer an explanation of it. The papers on this subject are too numerous to review in detail. WOLFE (9) found that within a given variety, the highest yielding corn plants silk early, and that the corn plants which mature first are the ones that tassel, silk, and shed pollen earliest. He concluded that any one of these characters indicates the relative time at. which plants will reach final maturity. MCCLELLAND (3) obtained satisfactory yields when late planting of corn was followed by heavy rainfall, but if followed by a drought, the yield was greatly reduced. MCCOOL (4) found that the sap of corn plants grown on a soil receiving fertilizer had a greater osmotic concentration than when grown on unfertilized soils. He concluded that this greater concentration in the sap would prevent late spring frost injury to seedling corn plants. MILLAR (6) obtained a more vigorous growth in corn which received hill applications of fertilizer, than in corn which received fertilizer broadcast. Early maturity also followed as a result of hill fertilization. No limitation in root development was noted as a result of placing the fertilizer in the hill. His method of applying the fertilizer was to scatter it over an area of about 5 by 10 inches, in a shallow depression, and cover with a light laver of soil before dropping the seed.


: The article generalizes the information on numerous components of the system of public servants' lifelong education. One of the key areas of public administration development is the development of e-government, so e-learning is considered as an important means of preparing public servants to implement this task. The domestic and world experience of e-learning of public servants, which is realized in the form of distance education, mixed learning and as a component of the traditional classroom educational process, is analyzed. The threats and benefits of ICT training, based on the survey of civil servants trained in ICT in Ukrainian higher educational institutions are highlighted. The trends in the development of e-learning have been identified on the basis of scientific and empirical facts. These trends are more or less inherent in some countries, that is why these countries can determine the current challenges of e-learning development.


For the production of fused magnesia,electrodes currents and electrode circle diameter are two important parameters,which are high-related with the technical indices.As there are many complex characteristics in the production process,the setpoints of the two parameters provided by manual operations are often inappropriate,which often can degrade desired control accuracies.Therefore,the hybrid intelligent setting method is proposed by integrating the case-based reasoning(CBR),iterative learning control(ILC),PI control,neural network(NN) and rule based-reasoning(RBR).The applications to the melting magnesia factory in China show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Objective:To investigate the dynamical effects and mechanisms of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on hepatic glycogen level in CC14 induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly allocated into a normal group, a model group and a CS group. The latter two groups were administered with CC14 solution to induce hepatic fibrosis. The CS group was also treated with CS 10 days after the beginning of CC14 administration. Rats in the normal group were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment, while the other two groups were sacrificed randomly at the end of the third, the sixth and the ninth week. Blood and tissue specimens were taken. Biochemical assays were used to determine the change of the serum ALT, ALB level, and radioimmunological aasays were used to determine the change of the serum HA level. The hepatic glycogen levels were detected by anthrone. Results : There were no significant differences of the serum level of ALT, ALB, HA between the CS group and the model group at the third and the sixth week( P 0. 05) . The serum level of ALT,HA in the CS group was lower than that in the model group at the ninth week(P0.05) ,but the serum level of ALB in the CS group was higher than that in the model group at the ninth week( P 0. 05). The hepatic glycogen levels in the CS group and the model group were lower than that of the normal group(P0. 01). There were no differences in the hepatic glycogen level between the CS group and the model group( P 0.05). There were no time - dynamical change in the hepatic glycogen levels among all the rats at the third, the sixth and the ninth week(P0. 05). Conclusion :Cordyceps sinensis can inhibit the hepatic fibrosis,and at the same time,doesn't improve the hepatic glycogen synthesis.


The book is about the history of the Itu Oromo from 1879 to 1974. Although the main focus is on the Itu Oromo, the book includes other Eastern Oromo, like Afran, Qallo and Aniya. The Itu Oromo maintained their own political , social and economic system before the occupation of their land by the Shawans in the 1880s. The occupation was bloody and took long years and made them part of the Ethiopian empire. In addition, the conquest brought unprecedented consequences to the socio-political system of the Itu , including alien settlements, Islamization and disintegration of the gada system. The Bultum Gada and the Raba Dori systems were replaced the socio-economic system of the occupying force. In protest to the occupying force, the Itu were converted in to Islam en mass. Islam and the shawans' occupation were the major factors that shaped the history of the Eastern Oromo in the 20th century. The book may serve as an important source to those who are interested in the history of the horn of Africa in general and the Oromo in Ethiopia in particular.


In the past 40 years, with the changes to dietary structure and the dramatic increase in the consumption of meat products in developing countries, especially in China, encouraging populations to maintain their previous healthy eating patterns will have health, environmental, and economic co-benefits. Healthy diet education plays an important role in the promotion of people's healthy behavior. However, in the modern age, the data regarding healthy diets available on the internet is increasing rapidly and is distributed on multiple sources. It is time-consuming for users to learn about healthy diets on the internet: they need to search data on multiple platforms, choose and integrate information, and then understand what they have learned. To help people retrieve and learn healthy diet knowledge more efficiently and comprehensively, this paper designs a knowledge graph to integrate healthy diet information on the internet and provides a semantic retrieval system. In the knowledge graph, five main concepts are defined, including food material, dish, nutritional element, symptom, and crowd, as well as the relationships among them. In addition, Chinese dietary culture elements and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory are also contained in the knowledge graph. The preliminary results show that by using the system, users learn healthy diet knowledge more quickly and comprehensively and they are more inclined to have balanced diets. This work could be regarded as a retrieval and education tool, which can assist healthcare and national sustainable development.


Gluten is the main storage protein of grains from Triticum genus (wheat, rye, barley and oat). Thus, it is present in diary diet, being 5-20g/d the average intake of this protein in east population. However, it has been demonstrated that gluten can provoke allergies (0,4 per cent of the world population), celiac disease (1-3 per cent of east population) and non-celiac gluten sensitivity. The way to solve gluten intolerance is to avoid gluten intake or not to exceed their tolerable intake, in case of people who are able to tolerate a small amount of gluten. Thus, it is important to know the quantity of gluten present in food and show this information on food labels (1). Commission Regulation (EC) No. 41/2009 of 20th January 2009 states the composition and labeling of food products appropriate for gluten-intolerant people and the maximum limit allowed based on the food (2). There are several methods for the detection of gluten in food, such as ELISA assays, PCR techniques, Western Blot, mass spectrometry, chromatography, immunochromatographic strips, biosensors and lab on a chip. In this work, the implementation of the sandwich ELISA technique is carried out, since this technique has received the recognition of the Codex Alimentarius as the most reliable technique (Type I). This method is simple, fast, and economical and it has a high sensitivity (3) that is based on selective and specific antibody-antigen recognition (4). As for the development of the technique, a calibration line was constructed with standards and a flour-ethanol solution was used as the reference material with which the samples were fortified to a desired concentration of gluten. After the calibration, the technique was validated in different food matrices (pre-cooked products, liquids, meats, fishes, cereals, flours and dairy products) with Prolamin Working Group (PWG) as the standard reference material. Regarding the validation, parameters such as accuracy, recovery, correction, repeatability and reproducibility were studied. Finally, the uncertainty was calculated, and a hypothesis test was performed.


The mediation of learning with the "game" resource is a current trend. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of gamification on student motivation and academic performance in the subjects of basic social and mathematical psychology. The methodology was based on descriptive research - comparative longitudinal cutting, using gamification based on the Marczewski methodology. The study sample was 30 students of the subjects in study of the psychology career of the Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica (UTI), in which the "game" was applied as an independent variable and as dependent variables motivation and academic performance. The information analysis was performed in SPSS, applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results from the point of content show that gamification was easily adapted to class plans. The CEAP 48 scale was applied for where the deep motivation of one of the subscales in the subject of social psychology verified a better trend; while, in mathematics it was superficial motivation. Regarding academic performance, an increasing behavior was observed in the two subjects in an approximate average of 2 points, according to Pearson's correlation there is a ratio of 12% and 2% respectively, of the gamification on performance and modification.


Another ring of the same general type as that from Clifton Down was found in a late first-century deposit at Chester. Its bezel depicts two heads in profile facing one another. They were described by the excavator as 'regardant busts of Isis and Serapis in high relief, but this identification remains doubtful and the heads may be intended to represent an emperor with his consort, though the features are here too generalised to allow us to hazard an informed guess as to their identities. Two other rings, evidently later in date and respectively from Mainz and Vechten, may depict portraits of Marcus Aurelius. All three rings, as in the case of the Clifton Down ring, have beaded borders and these imply a connection with coinage: the Coddenham mirror-cover incorporates a similar surround. In the third century we know that coins were sometimes incorporated into finger-rings as ready-made settings, and coins were sometimes incorporated into jewellery even earlier. The Clifton Down ring, together with the Coddenham mirror-cover and a bronze statuette of Nero in the guise of Alexander from Baylham Mill nearby, helps to demonstrate the familiarity of the Romanised inhabitants of Britain with Nero and it also raises the issue of just how the provincials regarded this much-maligned emperor. Was this ring a deliberate purchase on the part of some individual who sincerely admired Nero? for assuredly Nero had his admirers and especially in the East he was venerated as a manifestation of the sun god. It should be recalled that while in Britain the reign of Nero saw the Boudiccan revolt and its supression (hence perhaps the palm of Victory?), the Imperial government showed wisdom in heeding the advice of the good procurator Classicianus by not allowing the governor Suetonius Paullinus to continue a war of revenge. Nero's policy, to borrow Vergil's words, of 'parcere subiectis et debellare superbos' (Aeneid VI.851) surely gave the Britons something to be thankful for.


Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of detection of CEA and CK20 expression in exfoliated cells of lung disease patients by fiberoptic bronchoscopy brushing.Methods A total of 83 cases of specimens were collected,and CEA and CK20 mRNAs were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.Results Showed significant differences of CEA mRNA(P0.01)and CK20 mRNA(P0.05)between specimens of lung cancer and benign lung disease patients.The combined positive rate for CEA and CK20 mRNA in lung cancer patients' specimens was 81.39%,which was higher than the positive rate 58.13% of pathological examination(smear slides or biopsies).Taking RT-PCR(CEA mRNA,CK20 mRNA)and pathological examination(smear slides and biopsies)together,the positive rate for lung cancer detection was 90.69%.Conclusion These data suggested that RT-PCR detection of tumor-associated gene expression could be served as a powerful assist in clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.


Abstract Dama (tammar) wallabies (Macropus eugenii) have become established in New Zealand around Rotorua and on Kawau Island. They originated from Australia, but from which of the populations in South Australia and Western Australia is not recorded. Examination has been made of allozymic, serum protein and red cell antigenic markers in the Rotorua population. Comparisons have been made with the same markers in South Australian and Western Australian populations. The results clearly indicate that the Rotorua population is very similar to the Kangaroo Island population (South Australia), and quite distinct from the Garden Island population (Western Australia). The Rotorua population may be derived from Kangaroo Island or the now extinct Adelaide population (South Australia). The Kangaroo Island tammar is widely used in Australia for basic biological research. New Zealand workers could use Rotorua animals for the same purposes and safely compare their results with results obtained from current captive popul...


The invention discloses an information authentication method and apparatus. The method comprises the steps of receiving to-be-authenticated bio-feature information input by a user; according to a pre-stored character string and a preset corresponding relationship between standard feature information and characters, determining the standard feature information corresponding to each character in the character string; judging whether the to-be-authenticated bio-feature information is matched with the standard feature information or not; and if yes, indicating that the authentication succeeds, otherwise, indicating that the authentication fails. Two types of check information of the character string input by the user and the standard feature information are pre-received and the to-be-authenticated bio-feature information input by the user is authenticated according to the pre-established corresponding relationship between the standard feature information and the characters, so that a mode of performing authentication only by using single type of check information in the prior art is changed and the security of the check information is effectively improved; and moreover, the user can change various combination modes by using the characters with the established corresponding relationship, so that the changeability is relatively high.


To solve the primary problems in genetic algorithms, such as slow convergence speed, poor local searching capability and easy prematurity, the immune mechanism is introduced into the genetic algorithm, and thus population diversity is maintained better, and the phenomena of premature convergence and oscillation are reduced. In order to compensate the defects of immune genetic algorithm, the Hénon chaotic map, which is introduced on the above basis, makes the generated initial population uniformly distributed in the solution space, eventually, the defect of data redundancy is reduced and the quality of evolution is improved. The proposed chaotic immune genetic algorithm is used to optimize the complex functions, and there is an analysis compared with the genetic algorithm and the immune genetic algorithm, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are proved from the perspective of simulation experiments.


The PRESIDENT said that the two papers formed an excellent opening to the discussion, and the Society was very much indebted to Dr. Nicol and Colonel James. The papers teemed with interesting points. He was particularly interested in the syphilis of children. He had now tried malarial treatment in about twenty-four children, and on the whole he had been rather disappointed with the effects of the treatment on the children themselves. The first case, however, was encouraging. It was a case of juvenile G.P.I., treated in I926. The child to-day was alive and flourishing physically, but her mental condition was such that she could not be taught anything. He was wondering whether what he did for her was the wisest thing. But her blood and fluid to-day were normal serologically and in all respects, and had been so for five years. Therefore the malaria combined with arsenical treatment seemed to have killed the spirochaetes, but the damage to her brain had been so severe that apparently she could not be taught. The history was only about four months, so that he thought it was a very favourable case upon which to test the treatment, and serologically it had responded. He had treated other cases in which the nerve symptoms had been more marked, but the results had not been very encouraging. Personally, he felt that in the neurosyphilis of children, when symptoms were present, it was hardly worth while to undertake treatment. If, on the other hand, the congenital neuro-syphilis were latent, that is to say, there were no clinical manifestations, and the positive cerebrospinal fluid were discovered on routine examination, then energetic treatment should be


When heart is subjected to ischemia, mitochondria generate an excess of partially reduced oxygen species and reperfusion can exacerbate the damage. Understanding the causes of reperfusion injury and providing ways of preventing it is a challenge clinical importance. However, the alterations in the mitochondrial proteome in these situations have not been analyzed yet, and information about mitochondrial redox proteomics is scarce.


Obtaining transparent polycrystalline ceramic oxides is a challenge today. It is possible to achieved optical transparency if the ceramic is fully dense by limiting as much as possible the presence and the size of defects such as porosity or grain boundaries which are diffusing elements [1]. Here we present our work on the optimization of the spark plasma sintering cycle of a synthesized powder to produce fully dense pellet (>99%). Under these conditions, a translucency of about 40% for a wavelength of 640 nm was obtained.


The test was fermentation of enriched-Selenium of black fungus.It was carried by adding sodium selenite(Na2SeO3)as Selenium source.This provided basis for the development and utilization of organic selenium polysaccharide,etc.We used three different carbon and nitrogen cultures at 26℃,200 rpm for fermented liquid.Accord to polysaccharide content and biomass at different time,we determined optimal medium(per litre)of glucose 20 g,bean cake powder 5g,magnesium sulfate 0.5g,potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2g.The enrichedSelenium fermentation of black fungus was carried out by adding different concentrations of sodium selenite in the optimal medium.It compared with no adding sodium selenite of black fungus.The results showed that the Selenium content,biomass of mycelium and polysaccharide content in the fermented liquid increased along with selenium concentration between 10-50mg/L.The highest value was 50mg/L with 10.48μg/g,9.37g/L and 20.3g/L respectively.When selenium concentration was more than 50mg/L they decreased on the contrary.Results expressed black fungus had a good ability to enriched-Selenium.But the selenium concentration in the fermented liquid affected enriched-Selenium effect,growth of mycelium and polysaccharide content.If appropriate amount of sodium selenium was added,it was helpful to absorb sodium selenium for mycelium,promote mycelium growth and improve polysaccharide content.If the amount of sodium selenium was more than the appropriate amount,they can be inhibited.


We prove that every finite partition of $\omega$ admit an infinite subset that does not compute a Schnorr random real. We use this result to answer two questions of Brendle, Brooke-Taylor, Ng and Nies and strength a result of Khan and Miller.


In recent years, new generation botnets tend to use an evasion technique based on Domain Name System (DNS) called Fast-Flux Service Network (FFSN) to hide the actual location of their malicious servers. Detection of FFSN continues to be a challenging issue because of the similar behavior between FFSN and other legitimate infrastructures, such as Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) and Round Robin Domain Name System (RRDNS). In this paper, we present a novel approach based on analyzing the passive DNS traffic traces to detect malicious FFSNs. By analyzing DNS traces, we extracted ten key features and employed on the popular machine learning algorithms to build classifiers aim to classify a domain as either malicious flux service or legitimate. The seven among the ten features are first introduced in this study. The effectiveness of selected features is illustrated by comparing the distribution of 95% confidence interval for the mean and standard errors between legit, malware and fast-flux domain names on each feature. The statistical results show that there are discernible biases in the distribution of the feature values between benign and malicious domain names. The experimental results show that our proposed approach achieves the higher detection accuracy and lower false positive rate than the previous methods.


At the Second Vatican Council, 1965, the Roman Catholic Church, in the declaration Nostra Aetate, opened a new and more positive relationship with Islam and other world religions. In 1984 the Vatican issued a second document, on mission and dialogue, which strongly encouraged interreligious dialogue and set out in detail the breadth of activities involved. Since then there has been in some Catholic circles a growing fear that the emphasis on dialogue has led to an abandoning of the. Church's missionary obligation to proclaim the full Christian Gospel to non‐Christians and to invite them to Christian faith. At the end of 1990 the present Pope issued the encyclical letter Redemptoris Missio, 'on the permanent validity of the Church's missionary mandate'. This was followed five months later by another Vatican document on Dialogue and Proclamation. This paper examines these four documents in the light of the wider debate taking place among Christians on the relationship of Christianity to men and women of oth...


The antislavery movement in America prior to the "immediate abolitionism" of the 1830's was the peculiar domain of Quakers and believers in the natural rights of man. Except for the brief concern over slavery at the time of the American Revolution when Northern states adopted legal procedures to gradually abolish the institution, American antislavery sentiment remained weak and localized. The Quakers were the only important national group wholly committed to antislavery, and they lacked sufficient numbers to effectively threaten the slaveholding South. Fortunately, Quakers were not easily discouraged in their reform efforts. Cognizant of the limitations which they as a small religious sect had in terms of establishing a national force against slavery, the Friends realistically emphasized local reform organization and especially encouraged the establishment of manumission societies in several states as the nucleus for a future national assault on slavery. Hoping to attract non-Quakers to the antislavery banner, the local societies generally pursued only moderate goals and, consequently, developed tactics which proved ineffective in the short run. Nevertheless, these early antislavery societies provided testing areas for antislavery novices and sustained a constant, though moderate, attack on slavery during a period when most Americans had little impulse toward social reform.1 One such effort occurred in eastern Ohio in 1816 when Benjamin Lundy organized Ohio's first antislavery society, The Union Humane Society (UHS). The UHS experience, somewhat typical of early antislavery experiments, reflected the Quaker interest in broadening the base of its antislavery witness among non-Quakers,


In this paper, a multi-stage fuzzy stochastic programming (MFSP) method is developed to optimize water resources allocation under uncertainties. MFSP method can not only deal with uncertainties expressed as fuzzy sets and probabilistic distributions, but also provide a linkage between the pre-regulated policies and the associated economic implications. Four hydropower generation targets, three inflow levels and five violation risk levels are analyzed. Results indicate that: (i) system benefit would reduce among with the rise of $\alpha$ and $\beta$ levels, which range from 4.16 to 5.08 × 109 US$; (ii) since agriculture is still the largest water user in the future, it is desired to reduce agricultural water consumption through adjusting crop planting structure and water allocation scheme; (iii) inflow levels have significant influence on water allocation pattern. With the growth of inflows, the total allocated water would increase 8.34 × 109m3. Therefore, managers should pay emphasis on the reservoir management in different inflows and consider storing


As one of the main fertilization devices, Venturi injector has been widely used in small and medium-sized pipe irrigation systems. However, the pressure loss produced by it during fertilizer injection decreases fertilization quality and irrigation uniformity. The structural optimization of the Venturi injector was carried out using orthogonal experimental design and CFD technology. An injector sample with the optimal combination of structural parameters and the highest injection efficiency was processed to test the performance of the injectors before and after optimization. The injection rate, the maximum injection rate, the flow ratio of the injection rate to the outlet flow rate and other performance parameters were significantly improved while the critical pressure differential was obviously reduced, which indicated that the range of working pressure of the injector was remarkably expanded. Additionally, the feasibility and accuracy of the structural optimization scheme were verified by the experiment.


The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of accompaniment management of CCT's program in realizing basic compulsory nine-year school program at Kuningan District in 2017. This research was conducted in the Department of Social Affairs, Women Empowerment, and Child Pro-tection at the Implementation CCT's program in Kuningan District. This research is a descriptive qualitative research through a case study approach. The subjects of this research were coordinator of facilitator, social com-panion or facilitator, beneficiary, and headmaster. Research data was ob-tained through interview, observation, and documentation study. The re-sults showed that the preparation of accompaniment was done directly by the central government through education and training activities . Each fa-cilitator gets training with different implementation time depending on cohort or year of the workforce, some get training before duty and some others after plunging into the field. There are two types of training orga-nized by the Ministry of Social Affairs in the implementation of the hope family program namely Education and Training, and Technical Guidance.


Questions In community-dwelling older adults, do brief screening tests detect cognitive impairment? Does screening improve decision-making, patient, or caregiver outcomes? In older adults with cognitive impairment, do interventions improve outcomes? Review scope Included studies were done in community-dwelling older adults and were relevant to primary care settings in the USA. Screening studies evaluated self-, informant-, or clinician-administered tests that required 20 minutes to complete. Outcomes were sensitivity and specificity for detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia; and decision-making, patient, and caregiver outcomes. Treatment studies compared drug and nondrug interventions with a control in patients with MCI or mild-to-moderate dementia. Outcomes included decision-making and patient and caregiver outcomes. Review methods MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from the search end date of the most relevant systematic reviews to 10 Dec 2012); systematic review reference lists; and trial registries were searched for fair- to good-quality English-language studies. Experts were contacted. 55 screening studies met the selection criteria: 46 evaluated tests for detecting dementia (mean age range 69 to 95 y, mostly women, dementia prevalence 1.2% to 47%). Screening tests evaluated in >1 study were Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, verbal fluency tests, Memory Impairment Screen, Mini-Cog, Abbreviated Mental Test, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, Mental Status Questionnaire, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, 7-Minute Screen, Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. No studies evaluating effects of screening on decision-making, patient, or caregiver outcomes met the selection criteria. {174 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 1 intervention met the selection criteria}*: 84 evaluated drug therapy, including 48 (n =18390) using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and 10 (n =3465) using memantine; 59 (n =8932) evaluated nondrug caregiver interventions; and 32 evaluated nondrug patient interventions, including 15 (n =1128) using cognitive interventions and 10 (n =1033) using exercise. Main results Screening. Results of meta-analysis of the diagnostic test characteristics of the MMSE, the most frequently used screening test, are shown in the Table. Range of sensitivity and specificity of other screening tests varied. Treatment. Meta-analysis showed that AChEIs and memantine each improved cognitive function compared with controls (33 RCTs, range of pooled differences for change in Alzheimer Disease Assessment ScaleCognitive Subscale scores 1.4 to 3.1, median study follow-up 6 mo); results for physical functioning were inconsistent. Meta-analysis showed that cognitive stimulation improved global cognitive functioning compared with control at 6 to 12 months (6 RCTs, standardized mean difference 0.59, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.25); few other outcomes were reported. Effects of exercise therapy on cognition outcomes were inconsistent. Conclusions In community-dwelling older adults, several brief screening tests detect dementia. No trials assess effects of screening on patient outcomes. AChEIs, memantine, and cognitive stimulation improved some outcomes in patients with cognitive impairment. Test characteristics of the MMSE for detecting dementia in community-dwelling older adults Number of trials (n) Sensitivity (95% CI) Specificity (CI) LR+ LR 14 (10185) 88% (81 to 93) 86% (82 to 90) 6.40 0.14 MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; diagnostic terms defined in Glossary. Pooled data reported for commonly reported cutpoints: 23/24 or 24/25 out of 30 points, as reported by the author. LRs calculated on the basis of pooled sensitivity and specificity. Commentary Screening for cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older persons is only useful if it accurately identifies the target disease earlier and therapeutic interventions that improve outcomes are available. Lin and colleagues conclude that only the first of these requirements is supported by evidencenamely, that brief screening instruments in primary care can identify cognitive impairment. However, they also conclude that the second requirement is not met; specifically, evidence does not support the notion that screening and earlier detection of cognitive impairment improves decision-making, or that pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for patients and caregivers have a clear benefit. Intervention effects are small, and the clinical importance of apparent population benefits is probably negligible. Based on the review by Lin and colleagues, it seems reasonable to suggest that clinicians should undertake cognitive assessment when prompted by clinical indicators associated with risk for cognitive impairment rather than screening community-dwelling older adults. Such indicators include memory loss; vascular risk factors; positive family history of cognitive impairment; functional, behavioral, or personality change; and depression (1).


The aim of this paper is to apply the variable block insertion heuristic (VBIH) algorithm recently proposed in the literature for solving the quadratic assignment problem (QAP). The VBIH algorithm is concerned with making block moves in a given solution. As a local search in this paper, the VNST is employed from the literature to be applied to a solution obtained after several block moves. Besides the single-solution based VBIH, we also propose a populated VBIH (PVBIH) in this paper. The proposed algorithms were evaluated on quadratic assignment problem instances arising from real life problems as well as on a number of benchmark instances from the QAPLIB. The computational results show that the proposed algorithms are very effective in solving both types of instances. All PCB instances are further improved.


To investigate the clinical characteristics of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma(EATL) and to give treatment strategies. METHODS:  From 2019. 02-2022. 02, 10 patients with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma were seen in our hospital, their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed, and practical treatment plans were provided. Results:None of the patients had a history of intestinal disease and all presented to the hospital because of symptoms occurring in the gastrointestinal tract.Five patients had intestinal perforation and underwent dissection, three had small bowel masses and underwent surgery, and two had T-cell lymphoma and underwent related treatment. Six patients had lesions in the small intestine and the others had lesions in the rectum. According to AnnArbor clinical d staging, 9 patients(90%) had stage I+II and 1 patient(10%) had stage III. Gastrointestinal lymphoma AnnArbor clinical staging was the same as lugano clinical staging. 6 patients with B symptoms, 6 with physical status score ≥ 2, 5 with IPI > 2, 6 with PIT > 6; all patients had normal examination regardless of bone marrow examination, β2-microglobulin, or glycoconjugate antigen-125, erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 1 patient with anemia, 6 with decreased albumin, 2 with with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and 1 case with increased C-reactive protein. According to immunohistochemical hints, 6 cases were CD56 positive and 4 in situ hybridization EBER positive; in the mid-term evaluation of combined patients, the complete remission(CR) rate was 90% in 10 patients; in the DA-EPOCH regimen, the complete remission(CR) rate was 80% in 10 patients. At the completion of 6 chemotherapy courses, all chemotherapy patients were in complete remission(CR) at the end of the period assessment, but 3 of them relapsed within one year, and the disease could not be controlled with the implementation of second-line regimen and chemotherapy again. The follow-up period was 1-25 months, with a high follow-up rate of 100% up to the follow-up time, and 6 patients died, with an overall 2-year survival rate of 40%. Conclusion: Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma is highly aggressive, and after chemotherapy, patients can be treated but are prone to relapse. The use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(ASCT) becomes the first-line consolidation therapy, which cannot obtain long-term efficacy and needs to be explored.


Using walnut, strawberry and milk as raw materials, the producing technology and formula of strawberry and walnut yogurt were studied. The results showed that the best temperature of fermentation was 42 ℃ and the appropriate time was 5 h.The effect of emulsification and stabilizer has been studied, and the best amount of the complex emulsification and the complex stabilizer was 0.42%. The orthogonal experiment showed that the optimum recipe of strawberry and walnut yogurt was walnut yogurt 16%, strawberry juice 14%, sucrose13% and pH value 4.4.


research was Blood samples were obtained out of 38 adult individuals. The leu-cocytes were extracted and the specific enzymatic activity was assayed by spectrophotomet-ric methods. All participants were characterized from the clinical point of view as healthy for both diseases. Average values of N-acetyl- α -D-glucosaminidase and arylsulfatase A specific ac- tivities of 1.52 ± 0.30 and 121.37 ± 20.14 nmol/mg/h, respectively were obtained. There were no significant differences related to ethnicity for any of the two enzymes (p <0.05). This is the first Cuban study in which ranges of activity for these enzymes have been reported in healthy individuals whose healthy and non-familiarly related with the disease status have been clinically demonstrated. The analysis of more samples will establish the cutoff points that will increase the reliability of the biochemical diagnosis of these diseases.


The mass spectra of (Me3Sn)nCH4−n, where n varies from 1 to 4, (Me3Sn)2CClX, where X equals H, Cl, Br or I, together with some tetraalkyltin compounds and Me3SnCCl3, are presented. Comparisons with mass spectra of the silicon analogs1 show a large number of similarities, including the appearance of allylic ions which require Group IV metal to carbon π-bonding. Multiple rearrangements are observed with the halogenated tin compounds which bring the α-halogen into direct bonding with the tin atom.


Crystals have been obtained of a ternary complex containing the yeast a1/α2 homeodomain heterodimer bound to a 21‐base pair DNA site containing two 5′ overhanging bases at each end. The crystals are grown from cobaltic hexamine and form in space group P61 or P65 with a = b = 133 Å, c = 45.4 Å. Crystals that are flash‐frozen at −179°C diffract to 2.7 Å along the c‐axis and to 2.4 Å in perpendicular directions. The crystals contain one protein–DNA complex in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The objective of this study is to know about the practices of Telecom industry, regarding their employees and to know how they keep up with the intense competition in the industry. The study focuses on factors effecting employees' turnover and those that factors play an important role in retaining the employees of Telecom industry. The universe of this study was all the employees of Telecom industry in Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore. For this purpose survey method was used by using questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The results have shown that Salary, Working environment and Benefits are three significant factors effecting employees' turnover and correlated with each other. The study was faced by certain limitations, which include time constraints and resources constraints, which limit this research to only Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore offices of the organizations in telecom industry of Pakistan. The present study found support for an independent variable with Employees turnover. Significant negative correlations have been found for the Salary, Work environment and Benefits. Therefore, organizations need to focus on how to develop better Salary plan and reduce strain in the workplace. If staff voluntarily leaves, it is a great loss to the telecom industry. It is expensive to hire, train, and "bring up to speed" new replacements. It is, therefore, important to understand the antecedents of turnover intent of employees before they decide to quit.


In this study, a geometrically nonlinear coupled analysis of thin-walled Al/Al 2 O 3 functionally graded (FG) sandwich box beams with single and double-cell sections is presented. The material properties such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are continuously graded through the thickness of wall. The geometric nonlinearity is considered in the von Kármán sense, and the analysis model includes the effects of elastic coupling and restrained warping. The nonlinear governing equations are derived and solved by the Newton–Raphson method. The displacement-based one-dimensional finite element model using the Hermite cubic interpolation polynomials is employed with the scope to discretize the nonlinear governing equations. Numerical results are obtained for Al/Al 2 O 3 FG sandwich box beams with single- and double-cell sections. Three types of material distributions are considered to investigate the effects of geometric nonlinearity, gradient index, thickness ratio of ceramic, material ratio, span-to-height ratio, and boundary conditions on the nonlinear coupled responses of Al/Al 2 O 3 FG sandwich box beams. Numerical results show that above-mentioned effects play an important role on the nonlinear behavior of FG sandwich box beams.


Based on the culture characteristics,the morphology,the pathogenicity and the biological characteristics,pathogen causing damping-off of slash pine(Pinus elliottii) was identified as Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn..The suitable temperature and pH for mycelial growth of the pathogen were 10~35 ℃ and pH 4~11,with the optimum at 25~30 ℃ and pH 7~8.For mycelial growth,the optimum carbon and nitrogen source was sucrose and potassium mitrate.Light has no significant effect on the mycelial growth of the pathogen.


This paper was compiled based on the results of a study to identify and understand the Nekara Pejeng artifact as a representation of the heritage of Balinese pre-literacy. The conducted study belongs to qualitative research with settings according to the condition of the subject. This research was carried out through a literature review approach and data studies through computer networks, such as social media and the internet, combined with field studies by visiting Penataran Sasih Temple where nekara is kept as cultural objects, which was also the research locus. Primary data was obtained through direct observation by visiting the object of research in addition to conducting interviews with a number of informants who had been determined before the research activity began. Secondary data were obtained through literature review in order to collect expert opinions that have been stated in books, accompanied by writings in various journals, results of seminars and workshops, as well as social media. The secondary data here were complementary to the primary data. This is due to studies in the research carried out being closer or more comprehensive. This study aimed to provide a clearer picture of Nekara Pejeng as a work of art from the Balinese pre-literacy era so that the method used was more descriptive qualitative. Because of its qualitative nature, the researcher is the main instrument, supported by interview guidelines in the form of a list of questions to guide the interview with informants such as Gedong Arca Bedaulu Gianyar Museum officers, Pejeng Village Heads, Village Prajuru (staff), temple administrators, community leaders who were purposively selected. This study proved that the moon of Pejeng is a bronze drum (nekara) stored in Penataran Sasih Temple which is believed by the Balinese to have supernatural powers and is used by the community in ceremonies asking for rain. The characteristics of Nekara Pejeng are in the form of a drum/drum made of bronze, there is a waist pattern in the middle, equipped with two sides of the punch field, and one of the fields is open. The moon of Pejeng is the largest nekara discovery in Asia which can represent the advancement of technology and art in the Balinese pre-literacy era. The decoration on the nekara contains magical religious meanings, namely local wisdom in the form of beautiful works of art with high aesthetics as evidence of the creativity of Balinese people in art which began in the pre-literacy period, continues to grow, develop, and have dynamics to this day.


IO interface circuit for use in a high voltage tolerant application is provided. The IO interface circuit, the signal pad and the interface circuit of the voltage emitter adapted to connect to the return, the first control signal adapted the base to receive, and is directly connected to the signal pad an open-collector configuration and at least one of the first parasitic bipolar transistor having a collector. The interface circuit further includes a MOS control circuit which serves to generate the first control signal is coupled to the parasitic bipolar transistor. The IO interface circuit may further comprise an active pull-up circuit connected between the voltage source and the signal pad of the interface circuit.


This paper is devoted to solving the state estimation problem for systems with unknown measurement input and missing measurement. The missing measurement phenomenon is described by a series of mutually independent random variables obeying a certain Bernoulli distribution. Firstly, our aim is to design an linear filter by applying the minimum variance unbiased estimation technique. Then, we also derive a suboptimal estimator by utilizing the time stamp technology in sensor networks. Finally, an example is supplied to show the effectiveness of the proposed filters.


Ethnocriticism moves cultural critique to the boundaries that exist between cultures. The boundary traversed in Krupat's adventurous new book is the contested line between native and mainstream American literatures and cultures. For over a century the discourses of ethnography, history, and literature have sought to represent the Indian in America. Krupat considers all these discourses and the ways in which Indians have attempted to "write back, " producing an oppositional - or at least a parallel - discourse. Exploring the recent convergence of ethnography and literature, he analyzes the work of Franz Boas - founder of American scientific anthropology - and of James Clifford - foremost critic of scientific anthropology. After an innovative rhetorical reading of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, Krupat discusses the counter-discourse with which the Cherokee tried to prevent its passage. He considers the gulf between the idea of "literature" and the Native American practice of oral performance, concluding with a close analysis of representations of the Indian self in Native American autobiography. This is an exciting and ambitious new work that all scholars interested in post-modern cultural critique and cultural difference will want to read.


The environmental protection adhesive for cable semi-conductive tape joints was developed with SBS as main raw material.According to theory analysis,good performance adhesive was prepared through experiments,it can conform to requirement of environmental protection.


Even if the results of the experiment by Bridgeman and Buttram (1975) were highly significant and statistically unimpeachable (which they are not, see Humphreys, 1976), they could not logically support three of the main conclusions that the authors draw from their study. Groups of white and black children who were given prior training in verbal strategies for solving nonverbal analogy problems showed a mean difference on a nonverbal analogies test less than half the size of the difference found between comparable groups of whites and blacks who had not received the training. From this the authors concluded that (a) a genetic interpretation of the difference between the performances of the nontrained groups of whites and blacks "can be seriously questioned"; (b) "differences in teachable problem-solving skills contribute significantly to observed racial differences on nominally nonverbal tests"; and (c) "If teaching one cultural group a skill already learned by the other group causes a significant change in the relative standing of the two groups, the original test could not reasonably be portrayed as a culture-fair test of intelligence." These conclusions rest upon certain implicit assumptions which were not examined by the authors or taken into account by their experiment. They fit the paradigm of a false syllogism. Group A acquires behavior X through training.


As urbanization increases, solid waste facility sites once considered remote are now located in areas increasingly ripe for development or re-development. Consequently, we see lands adjacent to solid waste facilities being considered for developments such as residential communities and commercial and industrial projects. The objective of this research is to develop methodology to gather scientific and quantifiable support for set backs and buffer zones as a function of landfill operations. To date, volatile organic compound and noise measurement data have been collected and are being analyzed. Future work includes analysis of dust measurements and a litter study. Bird impacts will be evaluated based on litter study by identifying typical debris attractive to birds.


Inhibition by myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) of T cell responses is well established in tumor microenvironments. We demonstrated (Green et al., 2013) induction of monocytic MDSCs during infection of B6 mice by LP-BM5 retrovirus, which causes profound immunodeficiency. These MDSCs suppressed not only T, but also B cell, responsiveness ex vivo. Whereas MDSC inhibition of stimulated T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production was ~100%, iNOS/NO dependent, MDSC suppression of B-cell responses was only ~50% dependent on iNOS/NO - as shown by using iNOS inhibitors and iNOS k.o. mice as a source of MDSCs. We then discovered an additional mechanism(s) in MDSC inhibition of (only) B cell responsiveness that involved VISTA, a new negative checkpoint regulator. Using anti-VISTA blocking mAb, or LP-BM5 infected VISTA-/- MDSCs, MDSC inhibition of B cell responses was dependent on MDSC-expressed VISTA — again accounting for ~50% of total MDSC suppression. Combining the use of reagents to block both iNOS/NO and VISTA lead to an additive, if not synergistic, abrogation of MDSC suppression of B cell responsiveness. Consistent with a direct role of VISTA, in the absence of MDSCs, a VISTA-Ig fusion protein also partially inhibited B cell responsiveness. These results were compatible with a role for MDSC in LP-BM5-induced immunodeficiency and highlight involvement of multiple and unique suppressive pathways in the under-studied area of MDSC suppression of B cell responses.


This study aims to highlight the impact of promotional advertising on children's buying behavior.Promotions are tools that maximize the sales of any organization. Retailers or manufacturers apply this toolto invite consumers to buy more products. The proposed study aims to focus the advertising impact on childpurchases in the Pakistani capital. It is convenient to sample 500 respondents and collect data with the helpof the questionnaire. The results show that there is a negligible correlation between the purchase behaviorand coupons. On the contrary, buying one-to-one free, the physical environment impacts significantly on thepurchase behavior. The proposed research helps marketers recognize most effective promotional ads thatcan significantly affect a child's buying behavior


Various differential distributed space-time coding techniques for cooperative relay networks have recently been proposed which do not require channel state information (CSI) neither at the relays nor at the terminals. Differential encoding schemes are generally associated with a low bit error rate (BER) performance and a comparably high latency and decoding complexity. Another popular approach used in relay networks are distributed beamforming techniques which enjoy a high BER performance, low decoding complexity and optimal decoding delay. However, their common requirement is perfect CSI available at all nodes. In this paper, we combine the differential diversity and the distributed beamforming technique while retaining the benefits of both approaches. The proposed technique enjoys high BER performance, optimal delay, and low decoding complexity without requiring CSI at any node.


The Information Technology is an essential discipline in our daily activities. We use our mobile phones often to communicate with our loved ones, research over the internet, and much more. Organizations and institutions today solely rely on computers configured over networks in their daily operations. Organizations prefer having their information backed up on virtual servers referred to as cloud computing. Cloud computing is among the safest measures to information security. We often share information either directly using storage media or over the internet. Information shared or stored over the internet is prone to attacks referred to as cyberattacks. Cyberattacks can result in total impairment of an organization's data, blockage of part or the whole information in the form of a trojan. At this point, the attacker demands payment before they grant you access to your information. Cyberattacks have thus resulted in organizations encrypting their information. However, despite the use of advanced encryption technique, cyber attackers have gone beyond this level of technology to hack into the data by gaining access to the decryption key. Researchers have thus come up with cyber insurance, which offers security to organizations' and businesses' information. Cyber insurance uses high-level algorithms that are difficult for the attackers to understand. It minimizes cases of information compromisation.


Multiword expressions (MWEs) are lexical items that can be decomposed into single words and display lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and/or statistical idiosyncrasy (Sag et al., 2002; Kim, 2008; Calzolari et al., 2002). The proper treatment of multiword expressions such as rock 'n' roll and make a decision is essential for many natural language process- ing (NLP) applications like information extraction and retrieval, terminology extraction and machine translation, and it is important to identify multiword expressions in context. For example, in machine translation we must know that MWEs form one semantic unit, hence their parts should not be translated separately. For this, multiword expressions should be identified first in the text to be translated.
The chief aim of this thesis is to develop machine learning-based approaches for the auto- matic detection of different types of multiword expressions in English and Hungarian natural language texts. In our investigations, we pay attention to the characteristics of different types of multiword expressions such as nominal compounds, multiword named entities and light verb constructions, and we apply novel methods to identify MWEs in raw texts.
In the thesis it will be demonstrated that nominal compounds and multiword named enti- ties may require a similar approach for their automatic detection as they behave in the same way from a linguistic point of view. Furthermore, it will be shown that the automatic detec- tion of light verb constructions can be carried out using two effective machine learning-based approaches.


During the past decade, DNA research has advanced from human genome sequencing to the mapping of genetic variations among individuals.1 In recent years, these interindividual genetic variations have been associated with and used to identify potential for disease, drug response, and adverse reactions.1 Pharmacogenetic research findings have already been applied to varying degrees in several clinical fields and are expected to support a further shift toward a more personalized, less empirical approach to health care.2 However, we are only beginning to understand the impact that molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies will have on patient treatment, clinical outcomes, and cost-effectiveness.1 Despite significant advances, many scientific, economic, educational, legal, and commercial barriers impede the translation of pharmacogenomic research findings into clinical practice.3


Visual representations of teachers and teachers' work over the past century and a half, in both professional literature and popular media, commonly construct teachers' work as teacher‐centred, and built around specific technologies that privilege the teacher as the active, dominant and legitimate principal agent in the educational process. This article analyses a set of photographs that represent an 'alternative' educational approach to normalised mainstream schooling, to explore the ways such practices might enact pedagogy within different social relations. Butler's discussions of performativity and Foucault's concept of technologies of self, offer a theoretical framework for understanding the educative and political work such visual representations of teachers work might perform, in the construction of capacities to imagine what teachers' work looks like, with implications for capacities to enact teaching. The photographs analysed present a pedagogy in which the teacher is less visibly central and less ...


Optimization of single-shear properties through controlled microstructure of composite pins was studied. This research established a processing science based con cept for making near-net-shape three-dimensionally braided circular preforms as well as transforming them into composites by impregnating with resin. The effect of fiber rein forcement geometry (FRG) was related to transverse single-shear and fracture behavior of composite pins. Eight different fiber reinforcement geometric variations were chosen. Single-shear properties of three-dimensionally braided composite pins were measured using a single-shear test. Shear strength varied between 144.48 MPa and 182.62 MPa, shear strain varied between 7.26 and 14.7%, and initial modulus varied between 1.47 GPa and 2.98 GPa. The effect of FRG on the shear stress-strain properties was not pronounced, but had an influence on the failure mechanism of the samples. The nature of shear stress- strain curves was mostly linear except for CBLC-2080 and CBLC-5050, where sequential failure was observed. The general appearance of the fractured surfaces depended largely on the FRG. Fiber pullout and hill and valley mechanisms were dominant and were observed on practically all of the fracture surfaces.


This paper reconsiders J.M. Coetzee's self-reflexive return, in Youth (2002), to his own ephebic preoccupation with metropolitan forms of poetic modernism. Coetzee's decision to refer to two instan...


Integrated circuits designed for specific applications generally use non-standard communication methods. Hybrid pixel detector readout electronics produces a huge amount of data as a result of number of frames per seconds. The data needs to be transmitted to a higher level system without limiting the ASIC's capabilities. Nowadays, the Camera Link interface is still one of the fastest communication methods, allowing transmission speeds up to 800 MB/s. In order to communicate between a higher level system and the ASIC with a dedicated protocol, an FPGA with dedicated code is required. The configuration data is received from the PC and written to the ASIC. At the same time, the same FPGA should be able to transmit the data from the ASIC to the PC at the very high speed. The camera should be an embedded system enabling autonomous operation and self-monitoring. In the presented solution, at least three different hardware platforms are used—FPGA, microprocessor with real-time operating system and the PC with end-user software. We present the use of a single software platform for high speed data transfer from 65k pixel camera to the personal computer.


ABSTRACT Vaccination elicits a complex combination of immune responses. Immune memory formation is observed not only in the antibody responses of B-cells, but also in the T-cell response. Moreover, some live attenuated vaccines such as measles-containing vaccines can induces heterologous protection, likely through induction of memory characteristics in the innate immune response. Little is known about the immunological interaction that may occur when different vaccines are administered soon after one another, especially in relation to the novel COVID-19 vaccines. The aim of this study was to compare the innate and adaptive immune responses between persons randomized to receive either a MMR or a placebo (0.9% NaCl) injection prior to their SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. We compared: i) the cytokine and chemokine production (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-, interleukin [IL]-1{beta}, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, interferon [IFN]- and IFN-{gamma}) after in-vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with heterologous stimuli (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV]-2, measles mumps and rubella [MMR] vaccine, Toll-like receptor [TLR]-3 ligand, TLR-7/8 ligand, or TLR-4 ligand), and ii) the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses. Ninety-five participants in the CROWN CORONATION trial (NCT04333732; a randomized control trial comparing MMR to placebo for prevention of COVID-19) agreed to an additional single blood sample collection for this immunological study. Samples were collected around 196 (SD 22) days after administration of MMR or placebo, and around 105 (SD 27) days after their second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine injection. Twenty-four percent of participants were older than fifty and sixty-seven percent were female. The median TNF- response to stimulation with MMR was 8315.3 pg/mL in the MMR group and 4340.5 pg/mL in the placebo group; adjusted median difference (95% CI) 3012.5 (-4734.1; -323.5); p=0.017. No other significant differences were noted in the cytokine and chemokine responses between treatment groups. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay geometric mean (SD) IC50 in the MMR group was 507.6 (2.6) and in the placebo group was 515.7 (2.2); ratio of geometric means (95% CI) 1.0 (0.7; 1.5). Pre-exposure to MMR vaccine was generally not associated with changes in cytokine and chemokine responses of stimulated PBMCs at 105 (27) days after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. MMR vaccination led only to an increase of TNF- production in response to an additional ex-vivo stimulation with the MMR vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization IC50 values did not differ between MMR and placebo groups. Further studies using a repeated measures design would be better suited to explore or rule-out any short-lived vaccine response and vaccine-vaccine immunological interaction.


Edited by Ryan M. Katz-Rosene and Sarah J. Martin, Green Meat? brings together a diverse collection of perspectives to explore the relationships between meat and the environment, while tackling the thorny question of whether and how meat can be part of a sustainable diet.


An account of all the forces in India during the last 90 years of the British Raj. It includes information on the organization of the Indian Army, the Khyber Rifles and Skinner's horse, the pageantry of the Imperial Assemblage and the brothels of Lucknow. It also includes such events as the Singapore Mutiny, the great venereal epidemic which hospitalized more than half the British soldiers in India and the Amritsar massacres which shocked the world in 1919. Farwell's description of the Japanese inspired Indian National Army demonstrates how Britain's firm grip on its Indian sword slipped in the last days of the Raj. The author has written nine books, histories and biographies including "Burton: a Biography of Sir Richard Francis Burton" and "The Gurkhas".


Carbon micro-clusters are accelerated by an HI-13 tandem accelerator. The plastic nuclear track detectors CR-39 are irradiated by C1−C4 beams from the HI-13 tandem accelerator and the tracks in CR-39 are studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The depths and diameters of C1–C4 tracks are measured for the first time in a nanometre scale. An enhancement of the energy loss is obtained for carbon clusters related to single carbon ions with the same velocity. The results show that the AFM observation is very useful in the quantitative analysis of clusters in the track detector CR-39.


The purpose of this study was to determine the rise of the people's economic power through the moral philosophy of the philanthropic movement of Haji Samanhudi in his role as a child of the nation in the national movement from 1905 to 1916. The method used is the study of literature to reveal historical facts about the role of H. Samanhudi in the Sarekat Dagang Islam. To analyze these facts, the approach that is often used in historical research is used, namely the historical approach, the sociological approach to religion and the political approach. Through primary sources from newspapers and archives, while reference books and previous research as secondary sources. The data collected were analyzed and presented in the form of descriptive writing. Several results of literature studies state that the values of Haji Samanhudi's philanthropic movement are evidenced by the first, high moral concern for indigenous small traders. Second, explore the value of the practice of trading monopoly and reviving the Islamic trading economy among the indigenous people. Third, the role of building a work ethic and enthusiasm for the indigenous people to be literate in the political, economic, religious and social fields.


The biological properties and pathogenicity of seven Newcastle disease virus field isolates were studied. These isolates were recovered from different outbreaks in Sudan (5 from chickens and 2 from pigeons) during 2008–2013. Based on intracerebral pathogenicity index, four NDV isolates were characterized as velogenic (their ICPI ranged 2.0–1.6) and three isolates were characterized as mesogenic (ICPI ranged 1.2–1.3). The mean death time for all isolates ranged from 54 to 76.8 hours. The elution time of the viruses from chicken erythrocytes and the ability to haemagglutinate mammalian red blood cells differed considerably in their reactions.


The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices. The aerosol delivery devices may include a reservoir containing a liquid aerosol precursor composition and an atomizer including an electrical resistance heating element and a nonfibrous liquid transport element having a microtextured surface adapted for surface wicking of the liquid aerosol precursor composition across the microtextured surface, the microtextured surface of the liquid transport element being in fluid communication with the reservoir and in fluid communication with the electric resistance heating element.


Let $n$ be a positive integer. A $C^{\ast }$ -algebra is said to be $n$ -subhomogeneous if all its irreducible representations have dimension at most $n$ . We give various approximation properties characterising $n$ -subhomogeneous $C^{\ast }$ -algebras.


Xylenol orange was applied as a complexing agent for the spectrophotometric determination of the sum of rare earths or individual elements of the group, after their separation. The influence of wave length, pH and rare earth concentration on the absorption was investigated. The rare earth complexes with xylenol orange obey the Lambert-Beer's Law at trol migration = 576 m in the concentration range 0.5 to 4.0 g/ml. (auth)


Much diversity exists in the approaches used by finance researchers to estimate a firm's degree of operating leverage. This diversity is partially attributable to the lack of accessible accounting data suitable for the calculation. As a result, researchers have devised various proxies for the degree of operating leverage from whatever accounting data are externally available. This paper examines the effects of estimation period, industry, and proxy on the calculation of degree of operating leverage. The analyses indicate that the various proxies for degree of operating leverage exhibit both conceptual and empirical differences that are generally consistent across industries and over estimation periods. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of submission of the research protocol to the Institutional Research Board and application of Informed Consent Form related to a clinical trial entitled "Treatment of Patients with Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: A study of the Brazilian Cooperative Group". METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Through patient records were performed an analysis of the regulatory proceeding and the signing of the Informed Consent Form by 180 patients from 16 institutions. RESULTS: Ten of the sixteen centers submitted the Protocol to the local Institutional Review Board. Regarding the Informed Consent Form, 161 of 180 patients and/or their legal representatives consented and signed the Form applied by the researcher. Of these, 123 signed the consent form specific to the protocol and 38 signed an institutional form. Regarding the date the consent form was signed, 141 of 161 patients signed it after receiving information about the trial and before starting treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the participating institutions had a structure adapted to welfare and were not familiar with the ethical, legal and regulatory systems involved in a project like this.


Introduction: Addiction (drug dependence) is a health problem in many countries. In Iran, drug addiction is one of the most important preventable health problems. Comorbidity of drug abuse with other disorders is a barrier to treatment of addicts, in a way that more than 70% of addicts suffer from mental and physical disorders. Therefore, we performed this comparative study to investigate the comorbidity of mental disorders in drug addicts and non-addicts referred to the addiction rehab center of 5 th Azar Hospital in Gorgan, in 2016. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 130 male drug addicts and 130 male healthy controls selected by available sampling. Structured interviews for drug dependence testing (based on the DSM-V-TR criteria) and the symptom checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) were used to assess the mental status of the subjects. Data were analyzed in SPSS (version 16) using t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chisquare and Shapiro-Wilk tests. The significance level for all comparisons was set at P <0.05. Validity and reliability of the material were assessed in a pilot study. Results: Drug addicts scored higher in all scales related to mental disorders compared with the control group. The frequency of symptoms including somatization (56.9%), obsessive-compulsive disorder (61.5%), interpersonal sensitivity (62.3%), depression (66.2%), anxiety (59.2%), hostility (42.3%), phobia (34.5%), paranoid ideation (62.6%), and psychoticism (56.9%) was higher in drug addicts. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the frequency of psychopathological symptoms and mental disorders is significantly higher in drug addicts compared with the normal population.


As an important molecular imaging modality, fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) has the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost and ease of use. By labeling the regions of interest with fluorophore, FMI can noninvasively obtain the distribution of fluorophore in-vivo. However, due to the fact that the spectrum of fluorescence is in the section of the visible light range, there are mass of autofluorescence on the surface of the bio-tissues, which is a major disturbing factor in FMI. Meanwhile, the high-level of dark current for charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and other influencing factor can also produce a lot of background noise. In this paper, a novel method for image denoising of FMI based on fuzzy C-Means clustering (FCM) is proposed, because the fluorescent signal is the major component of the fluorescence images, and the intensity of autofluorescence and other background signals is relatively lower than the fluorescence signal. First, the fluorescence image is smoothed by sliding-neighborhood operations to initially eliminate the noise. Then, the wavelet transform (WLT) is performed on the fluorescence images to obtain the major component of the fluorescent signals. After that, the FCM method is adopt to separate the major component and background of the fluorescence images. Finally, the proposed method was validated using the original data obtained by in vivo implanted fluorophore experiment, and the results show that our proposed method can effectively obtain the fluorescence signal while eliminate the background noise, which could increase the quality of fluorescence images.


Li Daoyuan's(郦道元)SHUI JING ZHU(《水经注》)has not only a wealth of data, but also a rigorous scientific approach. The author would rather leave a question for future consideration than draw a forced analogy. The account of Wan Cheng(萬城) in the book was a typical case of his writing attitude in the book. It leaves margin for thorough textual research. The scholars in Ming Dynasty, such as Yang Shen(杨慎),Chen Yaowen(陈耀文),Wang Shizhen(王世贞),Hu Yinglin(胡应麟) and Zhou Ying(周婴) as well as present scholar Mr.Lin Qingzhang(林庆彰) all joined in the discussion about Wan Cheng. Some of the comments are right while it is due to the failure to check against the original of SHUI JING ZHU that others resulted in some faulty conclusions. It has been proved that a correct understanding of the objective matters is a prerequisite to a proper academic research and criticism. No matter how complicated it may be, returning to original work(i.e. to read again and comprehend precisely) is both imperative and necessary to serious academic research and criticism.


The local Nusselt numbers have been measured for a round turbulent jet impinging on the convex surface with and without rib. Liquid crystal/transient method was used to determine the Nusselt number distributions along the surface. The temperature on the surface was measured to within .+-.0.25 deg. C accuracy using liquid crystal and a digital color image processing system. The experiments were made for the jet Reynolds number (Re) 23,000, the dimensionless nozzle-to-surface distance (L/d) from 6 to 10, the dimensionless surface curvature (d/D) 0.056, and the various rib types (height(d) from 1 to 2 mm, pitch (p) from 6 to 32 mm). It was found that the average Nusselt numbers on the convex surface with rib are higher than those without rib, mainly due to an increase in the turbulent intensity caused by flow separation, recirculation and reattachment on the wall surface. In addition, we compared the results by the steady-state method using the gold-film Intrex with those by the transient method.


For Brunei Darussalam, 2015 was primarily about the dilemma of maintaining domestic stability in the face of significant regional and global instability in areas of particular vulnerability for Southeast Asia's smallest country. Plummeting global energy prices saw the country's once extremely large current account surplus reverse into a large deficit. At the same time, as the smallest and weakest claimant in the South China Sea, Brunei has the fewest means to counter the effects of growing Chinese assertiveness, U.S.–China rivalry, and ASEAN ineffectiveness in relation to these disputed waters that lap on to the shores of the Sultanate. Aided by significant long-standing financial, political and diplomatic reserves, Brunei Darussalam was able to maintain an impressive level of social, political and diplomatic stability in these challenging times. On the economic and diplomatic fronts, Bandar Seri Begawan responded by enhancing existing relations and assets and seeking greater diversification. On the social and political fronts, the response was one of greater conservatism and centralization. As Brunei Darussalam's economic problems are significant and structural, the responses will have to pass the test of time for the country to overcome them.


Abstract : This report is Vol. II of a two-volume final report covering the third and final phase of a program for the development of a large capacity random access cryoelectric memory. This volume deals principally with experimental studies that were undertaken on the cryoelectric memory, and with the details of its fabrication. These studies have shown that the continuous film memory, although readily fabricated, does not have wide enough tolerances for the drive currents required for array operation to be useful in a complete computer system. However, it is shown that a geometrically more complex cell, namely the bridge cell does provide wide operating tolerances and permits the fabrication of integrated planes that have an overall net tolerance of greather than + or - 20%. The bridge cell can be used in both word organized and bit organized memory arrays. In addition to cell studies, careful tests were made on cryotron trees for use in addressing cryoelectric cell arrays. These experiments have shown that there are no serious problems associated with cryotron treees, providing careful design of the various levels on the trees are carried out. Fabrication details applicable to both continuous film memories and bridge cell arrays are given. Test equipment for testing all types of cryoelectric memories are described and other related work on the ryotron is presented. The techniques of fabrication are shown to be adequate for extending cryoelectric memories to large-size useful arrays with further work oriented toward plane production on a prototype scale. (Author)


In this paper, based on generalized Herz-type function spaces K̇ q (θ) were introduced by Y. Komori and K. Matsuoka in 2009, we define Herz-type Besov spaces K̇ q Bs β(θ) and Herz-type Triebel-Lizorkin spaces K̇ q Fs β(θ), which cover the Besov spaces and the Triebel-Lizorkin spaces in the homogeneous case, where θ = {θ(k)}k∈Z is a sequence of non-negative numbers such that C−12δ(k−j) ≤ θ(k) θ(j) ≤ C2α(k−j), k > j,


The method for determination of silver content in tin-lead solder was proposed by potassium rhodanateautomatic potentiometric titration.The samples of rich-tin or lead solder were decomposed and associated with the mixed reagent for nitric acid-tartaric acid-Na2 EDTA,so that it can be dissolved completely and can inhibit hydrolysis precipitation of tin element.Iron(Ⅲ) was reduced by ascorbate in the 1.6 mol/L nitric acid-polyvinyl alcohol(0.2 g/L) aqueous medium using silver electrode as indicating electrode and 0.02 mol/L standard solution titration of potassium rhodanate dynamic-titrating content of silver.The analysis conditions were optimized with instrumental titration parameters,sample decomposition,titration acidity,reagent dosage,determination range,reproducibility of equivalence potential and coexisting elements,etc.The calculation curve of silver content vs the consumption of potassium rhodanate standard titration solution volume showed a linear relationship in the silver content range of 3.0 to 50.0 mg with the correlation coefficient of 0.99999 and the detection limit(3s/k) of 6.8 μg.The proposed method was applied to the determination of representative samples and standard samples in silver content of 0.513% ~ 5.01%.The relative standard deviation(n = 11)was found to be 0.42% ~ 1.7% and the recoveries obtained by standard addition were in the range of 98.8% ~103%,in good agreement with the standard value.


A focus control system with a novel gain control circuit for continually varying the gain of the focus error signal based on the optical characteristics of the medium. As those optical characteristics change to decrease the amount of light available to the focus error detector, the gain of the focus error signal is increased so that the overall gain of the servo loop and the overall response of the servo to a focus error remains constant. This is accomplished by monitoring the optical characteristics of the medium which affect the focus error detector. In a multiple detector system, the outputs of all of the detectors are summed together. The resultant signal is a reflectivity or a transparency signal and is used in a novel circuit for controlling the servo gain.


The invention discloses a pulsed power source device. A switch and a first capacitor used for energy storage are arranged on a low-voltage-side circuit of the pulsed power source device. Compared with the prior art, a switch and an energy storage capacitor are set to be a high-voltage device, the requirement for the quality of the device of the switch and the energy storage capacitor are lowered, and then the circuit cost is reduced; the switch and the first capacitor used for energy storage are arranged on the low-voltage side circuit of the pulsed power source device, and compared with the prior art that the switch and the capacitor are arranged on the high-voltage side, operation is more stable and more reliable.


The main difference between death in electric current trace and in non-electric current trace consists in whether their limbs getting an electric shock burns as electric current passing, however their death mechanism are basically the same.