Linux is the most renowned open source operating system. In recent years, the number of malware targeting Linux OS has been increased and the traditional defence mechanisms seems to be futile. We propose a novel non-parametric statistical approach using machine learning techniques for identifying previously unknown malicious Executable Linkable Files (ELF). The system calls employed as features extracted dynamically within a controlled environment. The proposed approach ranks and determine the prominent features by using non-parametric statistical methods like Kruskal-Wallis ranking test (KW), Deviation From Poisson (DFP). Three learning algorithms (J48, Adaboost and Random Forest) are applied to generate prediction model, from a minimal set of features extracted from the system call traces. Optimal feature vector resulted in over all classification accuracy of 97.30% to identify unknown malicious specimens.


We build a four-dimensional quaternion-parametrized conf ormal field theory (QCFT) using quaternion holomorphic functions as the generators of quaternionic confor mal transformations. Taking the two-dimensional complex-parametrized conformal field theory (CCFT) as our m odel, we study the stress tensor, the conserved charge, the symmetry generators, the quantization conditi s and several operator product expansions (OPE's). Future applications are also addressed.


Abstract 2608 Aim. CBF-AML is a favorable AML subset cytogenetically defined by t(8;21) or inv(16)/t(16;16) rearrangements, respectively responsible for RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (CBFα) or CBFB-MYH11 (CBFβ) gene fusion. Nonetheless, relapse incidence may reach 30–40% in these patients. The tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor KIT is expressed in the vast majority of CBF-AML and activating KIT gene mutations, including exon 8 del/ins and exon 17 point mutations, have been reported in both CBF-AML subtypes. These mutations have been retrospectively associated with a higher risk of relapse. Dasatinib is a TK inhibitor active on both wild-type and mutant KIT isoforms. These observations led several groups to initiate prospective trials testing dasatinib/chemotherapy combinations in newly diagnosed CBF-AML patients. The aim of the present Phase 2 DASA-CBF trial (EudracCT 2006-00655-12) was to search for a positive signal by treating CBF-AML patients in first complete remission (CR), but with persistent or re-appearing molecular minimal residual disease (MRD), by the single-agent dasatinib. Prevention of further hematological relapse was the primary endpoint. Methods. Eligible patients (18–60y) had to have been previously enrolled and treated in the CBF-2006 study ( Jourdan et al. this meeting ). MRD was quantified by RQ-PCR and results were expressed as 100 × CBF fusion gene/cABL ratios. Patients in first CR were eligible if: 1) MRD ratio reduction less than 3-Log before the second consolidation cycle (refractory Mol-REF patients); or 2) MRD ratio re-increase more than 1-Log on two successive evaluations (relapsing Mol-REL patients). Patients with a sibling or unrelated donor and no contra-indication to allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) were not eligible. Dasatinib was administered orally at 140 mg once daily for a total duration of 12 months. In case of grade 3 adverse event (AE), treatment was discontinuated until AE resolution to grade 0–1. In case of grade 4 AE or AE reappearance, dose reduction to 100 mg/d was allowed. Dose escalation to 90 mg bid was allowed in case of stable or increasing MRD after 2 months of therapy without toxicity. Results. Between June 2008 and June 2011, 26 CBF-AML patients (median age, 44y) were included. They were 12 CBFα patients (6 Mol-REF, 6 Mol-REL) and 14 CBFβ patients (12 Mol-REF, 2 Mol-REL). Seven patients had a KIT mutation (4 exon 8 and 3 exon 17; 3 CBFα and 4 CBFβ). The median time between CR achievement and DASA-CBF enrollment was 161 days (106–406) in Mol-REF patients and 413 days (167–530) in Mol-REL patients. Overall, dasatinib was well tolerated. Two grade 3 AEs (hypertension, headache) led to dasatinib dose reduction without further reoccurrence. Dose escalation was performed in two patients. With the exception of one patient (without KIT mutation) still alive in CR1 at 929 days, 7 of the 8 Mol-REL patients had rapid hematological relapse under dasatinib treatment after a median time of 60 days (52–120). In the 18 Mol-REF patients, the probability of persistent hematological remission was 65% (95% CI, 38–82) at 12 months and 45% (95% CI, 20–67) at 24 months, with a trend for shorter remission duration in the 6 patients with KIT mutation (P=0.07). These 18 Mol-REF patients were compared to the 37 other Mol-REF patients from the CBF-2006 trial not enrolled in the DASA-CBF trial (9 SCT in CR1, 28 without further therapy). Both series were comparable in terms of age, WBC, baseline fusion transcript ratio, MRD ratio Log-reduction after induction and first HDAC consolidation, as well as additional cytogenetic anomalies and KIT , FLT3 and RAS gene mutations. Despite dasatinib treatment, the probability of persistent hematological remission was not higher in the 18 DASA-CBF patients than in the 28 patients who received no further therapy (45% versus 53% at 24 months, P=0.91). Conversely, only one hematological relapse was observed in the 9 patients who received SCT in CR1, the remaining 8 patients being alive in continuous CR. Conclusion. This Phase 2 trial failed to show a significant effect of single-agent dasatinib in the prevention of hematological relapse in CBF-AML patients in first CR after standard therapy, but at high risk of relapse because of persistent or re-appearing MRD. Moreover, no trend towards a preferential effect was observed in KIT mutated patients. This observation does not preclude any dasatinib activity in CBF-AML patients when combined with conventional chemotherapy. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Dasatinib is not approved for AML patients. Mohamed: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Employment.


A curious approximation to the Feigenbaum constant delta is given by pi+tan^(-1)(e^pi)=4.669201932..., (1) where e^pi is Gelfond's constant, which is good to 6 digits to the right of the decimal point. M. Trott (pers. comm., May 6, 2008) noted delta approx 2G+3, (2) where G is Gauss's constant, which is good to 4 decimal digits, and delta approx 9/T, (3) where T is the tetranacci constant, which is good to 3 decimal digits. A strange approximation good to five digits is given by...


The ability to detect the presence or absence of a target is no longer the fundamental design criterion when the vehicle to be tracked is cooperative. In spacecraft tracking or navigation systems, for example, emphasis is placed on post-acquisition performance. Therefore, classical radar theory and design techniques are not specifically applicable. On the other hand, there are optimization techniques for extracting the tracking data from noise that are more to the point. In particular, optimum demodulation theory is directed specifically to the problem of continuously extracting data from a nonlinear modulation process. In this paper, the tracking properties of a multitone PM ranging signal are reviewed and are shown to be nearly optimum for cooperative vehicles. An optimum, but nonrealizable, maximum a posteriori (MAP) continuous estimator of range is derived for this signal. The linearized model of this receiver is the optimum nonrealizable Wiener filter for the data. Interpretation of this optimum nonrealizable estimator leads to a receiver design that is both practical and intuitively satisfying. With the aid of post-detection processing in the Wiener-Hopf sense, almost optimum performance is obtained from the resulting receiver, above threshold.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at the underlying unit cost considerations in project conduct at the firm level and an established business unit concept is extended to multi-project ...


Environmental Context. Elemental mercury (Hg0) is converted to divalent mercury (Hg2+) in the atmosphere, largely in water droplets. The wet deposition of Hg2+ is a major concern to human health. Because it is bio-accumulated through the food chain, consumption of contaminated fish can be particularly dangerous. Currently the budgets of mercury in the atmosphere are poorly understood, due in part to uncertainties in the chemical pathways controlling the speciated forms of mercury. Improved mercury chemistry models are needed to better predict Hg2+ levels in water droplets and to estimate wet deposition of Hg2+ in order to help assess the potential health risks of mercury. Abstract. A box model designed to investigate mercury chemical mechanisms in the atmosphere is presented. Aqueous-phase mercury oxidation–reduction, sulfite, and oxygen reactions, along with gas-phase mercury reactions are included in the model. The model is used to evaluate the key reaction steps under several atmospheric conditions. The sensitivity of the results to parameters, initial conditions, and assumptions regarding chemical mechanisms are investigated. Model simulations were performed in closed (liquid only) and two-phase (liquid/gas) systems. In the liquid phase, elemental mercury is oxidized to divalent mercury by ozone at night and by hydroxide radical and ozone during the day. Ozone is shown to play a significant role in mercury mechanisms by oxidizing elemental mercury directly and producing hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. The effects of sulfite on mercury aqueous chemistry were found to be limited due to its rapid conversion to sulfate. The results of two-phase simulations show that Hg2+ concentrations exhibit a diurnal cycle, increasing before the sunrise and decreasing before the sunset due to the aqueous-phase hydrogen–oxygen photochemistry that produces hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. Gas-phase mercury oxidation reactions significantly enhance the levels of Hg2+ in the aqueous phase, and reactions with ozone and hydroxyl radicals play the leading role. The effect of reactive chlorine on mercury chemistry can be important.


In parallel with the rapid growth of the world population, the fuel consumption of the aviation industry, which is indispensable especially in trade, tourism and military fields, continues to increase


The thermodynamic properties of the Stockmayer fluid in an applied field are studied using theory and computer simulation. Theoretical expressions for the second and third virial coefficients are obtained in terms of the dipolar coupling constant (λ, measuring the strength of dipolar interactions as compared to thermal energy) and dipole–field interaction energy (α, being proportional to the applied field strength). These expressions are tested against numerical results obtained by Mayer sampling calculations. The expression for the second virial coefficient contains terms up to λ4, and is found to be accurate over realistic ranges of dipole moment and temperature, and over the entire range of the applied field strength (from zero to infinity). The corresponding expression for the third virial coefficient is truncated at λ3, and is not very accurate: higher order terms are very difficult to calculate. The virial coefficients are incorporated in to a thermodynamic theory based on a logarithmic representation of the Helmholtz free energy. This theory is designed to retain the input virial coefficients, and account for some higher order terms in the sense of a resummation. The compressibility factor is obtained from the theory and compared to results from molecular dynamics simulations with a typical value λ = 1. Despite the mathematical approximations of the virial coefficients, the theory captures the effects of the applied field very well. Finally, the vapour–liquid critical parameters are determined from the theory, and compared to published simulation results; the agreement between the theory and simulations is good.


The attitude of parents of students studying in a government school in Mangalore towards inclusive education set up was analysed using a self-administered questionnaire. Classes 1-7 were choosen. The present study showed that there was an increased concern among the parents of children in the younger age group towards inclusive education and this attitude gradually shifted to the positive side when the parents of older children were consulted regarding the same. Therefore, it is justifiable to conclude by saying that parents have the greatest role in making the inclusive education programmes a success.


This article summarizes the difficulties faced by the European Union accession driven asylum system development process, known as Phare Horizontal Asylum (PHA) programme, and its key component, the Round Table process, and reflects upon some preliminary results. The EU accession process for the Central European and Baltic States (CEBS) consists of a thirty-one chapter `Screening Report`, as well as a series of negotiations and assistance programmes; Chapter 24 of the Report deals with asylum. The main assistance element, the `Phare` programme, was originally established in 1990 as the Poland-Hungary Assistance for the Reconstruction of the Economy programme. It has since been extended to the ten CEBS. European asylum system development is a two-pronged process, with EU Member States engaging in harmonization activities and CEBS engaging in accession preparations. This article also discusses some of the issues and problems arising in the context of PHA, and evaluates the Round Table process in the context of EU accession and asylum system development in the CEBS. The author aims to share lessons learned from the PHA and Round Table process for a future exchange of best practice towards the development of improved European asylum system development activities.


THE problems connected with lactic acid production in the animal body have been extensively investigated by previous authors, but the obvious difficulties encountered in working with the intact organism have rendered the solution to some of these still a matter of speculation. When, for instance, the organism is subjected to a severe stress, the presence of lactic acid in the circulating blood can be readily understood, but its constant presence in small concentration, even during complete bodily rest, is less easy of interpretation. No satisfactory explanation has, in fact, yet been given either for the origin of blood lactic acid in the resting state or for the wide variations in its concentration. The existence of some muscular activity during bodily rest has led most authors to attribute the blood lactic acid to this source. In this paper, however, an attempt will be made to show that muscular activity can have little influence in this connection and that conversion of blood sugar (glycolysis) is the most probable source of this lactic acid. The wide variations in the resting levels of blood lactic acid will then be explained as one of the factors through which the organism endeavours to maintain a constant blood pH.


We present a detailed study of the electric dipole moment of the neutron induced by a vacuum theta angle within the framework of QCD sum rules. At next-to-next-to leading order in the operator product expansion, we find the result d n (θ) = 1.2 × 10 −16 ¯ θe · cm, to approximately 40% precision. With the current experimental bound this translates into a limit on the theta parameter of | ¯ θ| < 6 × 10 −10. We compare this result with the long-standing estimates obtained within chiral perturbation theory, and observe a numerical similarity, but also significant differences in the source of the dominant contribution.


ANTHRAX BACILLI. Dr. BLACK showed the bacilli of anthrax from a young heifer which was reported to be suffering from "quarter evil." A CAsE FOR DIAGNOSIS. Dr. HEDLEY showed a case for diagnosis. The patient was a clerk, aged 54, whose symptoms were mainly spinal. but followed a cerebral attack fifteen years previously. There were points of agreement with ataxic paraplegia, locomotor ataxy, and lateral sclerosis, but yet marked differences from a typical case of either of these diseases. It was probably a mixed case involving several systems of fibres. During the last six months the patient had received energetic electric treatment, directed to improve the nutrition of the central nervouR system and the so-called " antiparalytic treatment " of the limbs. Upwards of 100 applications of electricity had heen made, including faradic and galvanic baths-with curr-nts running up to 200 milliamperes. Considerable improvemeat had followed. The PRBEIDENT agreed with Dr. Hedley's view of the case, hut Dr. MACKEY was inclined to regard it as mainly hysterical. TBERoRs OF CHILDHOOD. Mr. CALVERT read a paper on this subject. The dread of solitude in twilight and in the dark was SO universal that it must be attributed to heredity from primseval man, as, too, the fear of certain natural phenomena. Signs of fear were shown by a child in the first few weeks, and that of falling long before the child walked. Dreams were terrifying from their vividness and from the child's inability to correct illusions. Movement was the best evidence of health; spontaneous movements were very obvious up to the third year, ,when they gradually gave way to those prompted by eDds. Pain abated vital power, and thus movement; so immobility went with melancholia. Children should be encouraged to nnnvert their thoughts of terror into words, and should be carefaUy watched at night.


Service quality in the Islamic concept can be said that the overall features and characteristics of a product or service that depend on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs and in accordance with Islamic values.21 In this concept Islam teaches that providing services in the form of goods or services. must be of quality in accordance with Islamic values, and do not give bad and not quality because it will only harm both parties. Service quality in Islam is defined as a customer's assessment of the superiority or privilege of a product or service as a whole which is of course based on Islamic principles, the quality of service in Islam provides services that basically every activity related must be based on compliance with sharia which is full of values. -moral and ethical values. Improving the quality of service in Islam is very necessary in order to determine customer decision making. However, it will not run well if it is not accompanied by quality decision making. To maintain the quality of service in Islam is not only the duty of the employees, but all the members involved. Judging from the above phenomena, the quality of Islamic services can be taken into consideration for customer decision making. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of Islamic service quality on customer decisions in murabahah financing. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents, this study used a quantitative approach. The data collection technique in this study used a questionnaire, and the sampling technique used the incidental sampling method using the hair formula. The data obtained were then processed with SEM AMOS Version 20. The results of this study indicate that the CR value is 3,418 > 1.96 and the probability is 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be concluded that Islamic Service Quality has a positive and significant effect on Customer Decision Making in Murabahah Financing.


In this study, properties of long-range surface plasmons (LRSPs) in an arbitrary multilayer structure have been investigated. We derived an approximation of the reflectivity from Fresnel formulas. Furthermore, the resonant properties of LRSPs have been calculated. As a result of the simulations, we conclude that the difference in resonant angles decreases as the metal thickness increases, and the damping rate obtained from the Sarid geometry is lower than that obtained from the Kretschmann geometry. The resonant half-width obtained from the Sarid geometry is narrower than those obtained from the Kretschmann and Otto geometries. As far as SP chemical sensors are concerned, the system based on the Sarid geometry is better than that based on the Kretschmann or Otto geometry.


Adsorption-catalytic oxidation of terephthalic acid (TA) from waster water using modified diatomite adsorbent was studied in this paper. Two diatomites were chosen for adsorbents and TA was used as a model compound. The process consists of physic adsorption of TA and catalytic oxidation of TA. The concentration of TA was determined by UV spectrometry. The results indicate that adsorption capacity of diatomite increased with the decrease of pH value of waster water. The equilibrium adsorbed amount of modified diatomite increased with the increase of metal content in the initial metal content range from 0 to 5% for both of Ni, Fe and Cu modified diatomite, and then the equilibrium adsorbed amount decreased after 5% metal content for Ni modified diatomite and in general kept constant for Fe and Cu modified diatomite. The maximum amount of TA adsorbed at the equilibrium stage was 4.40mg/g for Ni-5/RD. The adsorption capacity of raw and modified diatomite decreased obviously with the increase of cycle number in the initial first-fourth of cycle and then decreased very slowly in the 5th-10th of cycle. The Qe of Ni-5/RD, Fe-5/RD, Cu-5/RD and RD in the 10th cycle were 3.12, 2.44, 1.87 and 0.12mg/g, respectively. The result indicated that the modified could be repeatedly used and maintained the adsorption/regeneration performance stably through many batches of operation.


The field survey on resources,vegetation types and natural environment of the plants of karst mountains in Kunming area has been done.As a result,there are 668 species of plants,subordinated to 134 genera and 76 families.The major vegetation types can be classified as evergreen broad-leaved forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest,warm coniferous forest,liana and prick shrub and grassy slope.The results reveal that the vegetation types and plant species are abundant,and the plants in this area with good resistance play a significant role in landscape,tourism and economy.


This paper compares the practices of a Norwegian global company in Brazil regarding parental leave, and the perceptions of employees on the relationship between their maternity/paternity and their careers in qualitative and quantitative analysis thorough the use of a questionnaire. It aims at understanding how employees in this company see that parental life could affect work life, thus affecting gender equality at work. It casts light on employees perceptions on "having it all", family and career, for both women and men, in a Scandinavian company in Brazil. The theoretical framework used for the analysis is Joan Acker's structuralist approach, based on the concepts of Gendered Organizations and Inequality Regimes.


Trouble revisited National Century Financial Enterprises last month, when the Securities and Exchange Commission sued four former execs for the accounting fraud that caused the financial firm's collapse in 2002. The investigation worries some, but others, like Kathy Patrick, left, an attorney representing former NCFE investors, says there is "legitimate business to be done in the purchase of healthcare receivables."


Traditionally, the resources of embedded devices which are employed for process control at shop floors were resource constrained. However, advances in embedded system technologies permit the enhancement of the processing and storage capabilities of embedded devices. Therefore, semantic descriptions of manufacturing systems can now be hosted and computed at the device level. This fact permits the creation of a decentralised solution for controlling processes at the lowest level of the manufacturing enterprises and the reduction in the time and effort requirements for the configuration and information exchange. The eScop project presented the Open Knowledge-Driven Manufacturing Execution System (OKD-MES) solution, which enables monitoring and controlling production systems openly and allows runtime re-configurability of interconnected industrial equipment and services. This research work presents how part of the OKD-MES functionality can be handled at lower level. More precisely, the OKD-MES representation ...


-symmetric chiral α- and ω-Diimines incorporating bulky ferrocenylethylamine and their copper(I)complexes have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. Thecatalytic activities of these complexes have been tested in the asymmetric cyclopropanation of a series ofolefins with some diazoacetates to achieve varying degree of dia- and enantio-selectivities depending on thenature of the ligand, the substrates, and the reagents. Some mechanistic implication has been made with regardto the interactions among all these chemical species. Keywords : Chiral ferrocenes, Diimines, Copper catalyst, Cyclopropanation.IntroductionThe chelating α- or β-diimine ligands are now well-known to stablize organometallic comlexes


Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is becoming standard of care for presurgical treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Achievement of pathological complete response (pCR) after NACT is associated with improved outcomes. There is currently an unmet need in development of imaging and clinical tools for prediction of pCR to NACT in TNBC. We investigated use of deep learning convolution neural networks (CNNs) for early prediction of pCR in a TNBC cohort on the basis of MRI acquired before the initiation and at the midpoint, after completion of four cycles of NACT (C4). Materials and Methods: Baseline and C4 MRIs of 112 TNBC patients were collected from an ongoing prospective clinical trial (NCT02276443). Four patients were excluded because they underwent different treatment for the second regimen. Among the 108 patients, 52 patients (48%) had pCR confirmed at surgery. Positive enhancement integral (PEI) derived from the early phases of DCE MRI, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) derived from DWI MRI (b = 100 and 800 s/mm2), were used for our investigation. The images were aligned and the tumor regions were cropped from all images. All tumor patches were normalized between [0, 1], and were padded to form matrices of the same size of 192×192×64 for PEI, or the size of 192×192×16 for ADC. The CNN was constructed using stacked 3D convolution and MaxPooling layers. It consisted of up to four channels for the inputs (baseline and C4 PEI and ADC). Features extracted from each channel were concatenated and regressed for pCR prediction via three densely connected layers. Binary cross-entropy was used as the loss function for CNN training, and the loss was optimized using an Adam optimizer with the initial learning rate of 0.0001. Because of the currently limited sample size, four-fold cross-validation was used for CNN training and evaluation. The patients were divided into four groups, each group had 27 patients and the pCR:non-pCR ratio was controlled as 13:14. For each fold, one group was reserved as the independent testing group, and the other three groups were combined for network training and internal validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted for each fold of testing, and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Final performance of the CNN was determined by averaging the AUCs of the four testing folds. Additionally, to test the prediction efficacy of each input, we trained the CNN under the same settings but used PEI or ADC only as input, and the results were compared. Results: The CNN trained with PEI only achieved an average AUC of 0.65 ± 0.09. The second CNN trained with ADC only achieved an average AUC of 0.72 ± 0.07. The third CNN trained with both PEI and ADC achieved an average AUC of 0.73 ± 0.06. Conclusion and Discussion: Using baseline and mid-treatment MRIs, deep learning CNN showed promising performance to predict pCR in the early course of NACT. The prediction AUC for the independent testing groups was largely improved by using ADC to train the network, indicating that ADC can have more critical information than PEI in assisting pCR prediction during the early course of NACT. Future work includes curation of a larger patient data for network training and evaluation to improve the prediction performance and further validate generalization of the network. We will also explore more advanced network structures, through which the prediction performance can be improved.
 Four-fold cross-validation AUCs of the network using different data as inputs.PEIADCPEI+ADCFold 10.570.640.66Fold 20.760.800.77Fold 30.660.700.68Fold 40.590.740.79Average0.65 ± 0.090.72 ± 0.070.73 ± 0.06
 Citation Format: Zijian Zhou, Nabil A Elshafeey, David E Rauch, Beatriz E Adrada, Rosalind P Candelaria, Mary S Guirguis, Wei Yang, Medine Boge, Rania M Mohamed, Gary J Whitman, Deanna L Lane, Huong C Le-Petross, Jessica WT Leung, Lumarie Santiago, Marion E Scoggins, David A Spak, Miral M Patel, Frances Perez, Debu Tripathy, Vicente Valero, Clinton Yam, Stacy Moulder, Jason B White, Jong Bum Son, Mark D Pagel, Jingfei Ma. Deep learning for early prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in triple negative breast cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-03.


Simulation is a powerful tool that helps decision makers in business and industry to solve difficult and complex problems, reduce cost, improve quality and productivity, and shorten time-to-market. However the technology is still underutilized in many applications due to several reasons. In this study we address these issues using a knowledge engineering approach, i.e. develop efficient and robust models and formats to capture, represent and organize the knowledge for developing conceptual simulation models that can be generalized and interfaced with different applications and implementation tools. The research fits into a larger project effort that aims to create a sustained research program on knowledge-based simulation.


The deep-sea habitat is a source of very potent marine-derived agents that may inhibit the growth of human cancer cells "in vitro" and "in vivo". Salinosporamide-A, Marizomib, by Salinispora species is a proteasome inhibitor with promising anticancer activity (Phase I/II trials). Different deep-sea-derived drugs are under preclinical evaluation. Cancer is a complex disease that may be represented by network medicine. A simple consequence is the change of the concept of target entity from a single protein to a whole molecular pathway and or cellular network. Deep-sea-derived drugs fit well to this new concept.


Broad, double-peaked Balmer emission lines provide dynamical evidence for the presence of an accretion disk feeding a supermassive black hole in the central engines of AGN. The double-peaked line profile is variable on timescales of months to years without any correlation to the variability of the continuum. This indicates that the profile variability traces structural changes in the accretion disk. Large-amplitude, long-time scale variations can be explained by global models such as a logarithmic spiral, but rapid, smallamplitude variations are also observed. We compute Hα line profile series by integrating a clumpy disk emissivity function over the surface of the accretion as the pattern rotates differentially, following the basic meethod described by Chen & Halpern (1989). From these line profiles, we measure the line parameters as a function of time and produce periodograms, which we compare to the corresponding observed periodograms of Arp 102B. We find that a stochastic emissivity pattern on the accretion disk can reproduce the observed short-term variability patterns. In 7% of the 1000 realizations of the clumpy disk model, the periodograms of line profile parameters resemble those observed in Arp 102B (see Figure 1). We also recomputed the Murray & Chiang (1997) model for the radiative transfer effects in a disk wind to include relativistic effects. We then implemented this model so that it can be applied to any underlying emissivity function. We show the effect of an increase in disk-wind optical depth on a underlying logarithmic spiral arm emissivity function for a complete rotation of the arm (Figure 2). All the model parameters are the same except the optical depth which increases from 0.1 (left) to 10 (right). At low optical depth, the double-peaked line profile is variable at all wavelengths with inversion of the peak flux ratio and variability in the wings. At high optical depth, the line profile is single-peaked and the central core is the most variable part. (Note that the wavelength scale is different from the low optical depth case). So radiative transfer in a disk wind of high optical depth can transform a highly-variable, double-peaked emis-


Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices fabricated with composite gates and subhundred-angstrom SiO2gate insulators grown by rapid thermal oxidation were characterized by various electrical measurements. The as-fabricated devices with unannealed rapidly grown oxides exhibited breakdown characteristics superior to furnace-grown oxides as evidenced by their excellent breakdown uniformity, an average breakdown field of 15 MV/cm, and an average breakdown charge density of over 50 C/cm2at a stress current density of 1 A/cm2. The preoxidation surface cleaning procedure was observed to affect the charge-to-breakdown and the densities of fixed oxide charges and surface states in these MOS structures.


Summary: The effect of 8 months of administration of moderate doses of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25 OH D3) on radiologic, biologic, and bone histologic changes was assessed in five children on chronic hemodialysis. Osteomalacia, defined by an increase in the thickness index of the osteoid seams and decrease of the calcification rate, was present on the initial bone biopsy of only one patient and improved with the treatment. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and its prints on bone tissue, noted in all five children, did not improve in the absence of adequate serum phosphorus control. Furthermore, cancellous bone volume diminished in two patients with the administration of 25 OH D3. This activity of the drug could be related to its inhibitory effect of osteoblastic apposition as demonstrated by the decrease in the calcification rates, while the thickness index of the osteoid seams remains normal.Despite the small number of patients studied, these results suggest the importance of limiting the prescription of 25 OH D3 to children suffering from renal osteodystrophy only after having assessed unequivocally an osteomalacic component by histodynamical criteria. Secondary hyperparathyroidism appears not to be improved with moderate doses of 25 OH D3 in the absence of adequate serum phosphorus control.Speculation: Treatment with 25 OH D3 may be justified for the treatment of chronic hemodialyzed children with definite osteomalacia as a component of their renal osteodystrophy. Secondary hyperparathyroidism appears not to be improved with moderate doses of 25 OH D3 in the absence of adequate serum phosphorus control.


The hotspot ignition conditions in ICF are determined by considering the power balance between fusion energy deposition and energy loss terms. Uncertainty in any of these terms has potential to modify the ignition conditions, changing the optimum ignition capsule design. This paper considers the impact of changes to the DT fusion reaction rate due to non-thermal ion energy distributions. The DT fusion reactivity has been evaluated for a class of non-Maxwellian distributions representing a perturbation to the tail of a thermal distribution. The resulting reactivity has been used to determine hotspot ignition conditions as a function of the characteristic parameter of the modified distribution. The hotspot ignition conditions in ICF can be determined by considering the power balance between fusion alpha particle energy deposition, hydrodynamic work and energy loss via radiation and electron thermal conduction (1). The resulting conditions may be sensitive to uncertainties in any of the key plasma physics models or assumptions. This paper considers the impact of changes to the DT fusion reaction rate due to the presence of non-thermal ion energy distributions. The reactivity,� v� , for thermonuclear fusion reactions is conventionally derived by averaging cross- section data over a Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution. In many situations, such as when plasmas are strongly shocked or rapidly heated by energetic particles, reacting ions may be better characterised by a non-Maxwellian distribution. Since the self-relaxation time is longer for ions at higher energies (2), such effects typically produce an enhancement or depletion within the tail of the distribution. At temperatures where the reactivity is dominated by the contribution of particles in the tail, even small changes to the distribution may have a potentially significant impact on the fusion reaction rate. The DT fusion reactivity has been evaluated for a class of non-Maxwellian distributions, the q-Gaussian distribution (3), which represent a perturbation to the tail of a thermal distribution. The resulting reactivity has been used to calculate a revised ideal ignition temperature (4) and to determine hotspot ignition conditions as a function of the characteristic parameter of the distribution. This initial assessment does not consider in detail the physical development of non-Maxwellian distributions. If conditions are found to show significant sensitivity, then the generation of distributions may be explored in future work via kinetic simulation.


VASCONCELOS, Laís Gonçalves de. A criminal prosecution warranty: the unviability of by jury conviction based only on items collected in police inquiry. Dissertação (Mestrado em Direito) – Centro de Ciências Jurídicas/Faculdade de Direito do Recife, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife. The dissertation is about the question of condemnation by the court of jury based, solely on extra-judicial elements. In this context, it was decided that the purpose of the police inquiry is to gather elements of conviction, about the practice of a criminal offense, which serve to help the accusation formulate the complaint and the judges substantiate the interlocutory decisions, made at this stage, as well as, justify any possible criminal action or discontinuance of the feat. Any use of elements collected for purposes beyond these is improper. Established these premises, the scope of influence of the police investigation was delimited, on the procedure of the Jury where the jurors, by deciding for intimate conviction, do not motivate their decisions and may base them on any evidence in the file, without distinguishing between the act of investigation and the act of proof. Subsequently, it was found that the courts patriotic have allowed the transcendence of the elements in extrajudicial grand jury, on the grounds that one cannot evade from the lay judges all the elements in the process. Before these facts, we propose the physical deletion of the police investigation on the procedure of the court of Jury, in order to ensure, the accused, a trial achieved by elements collected, in adversarial way, with obedience to the legal process.


Base frame (34) which can be universally used for different vehicles (30) structured modularly, especially for sinkers (32) being movable transport vehicles (30) horizontally along a direction (52) in a storage system and order picking, wherein the base frame (34) a frame (36) carrying base frame (34) and a structure (38) connected to the frame (36), characterized in that at least the structure (38) is produced exclusively of plastic and having the structure (38) having a specific plurality of housings (58) component are formed as one piece with the structure (58) and which are configured to hold at least one of the following functional components (60) of the respective transport vehicle (30) in a positively locking connection elastic: a bearing (62); a drive unit (64); a sensor (66); an actuator (68); a suspending medium load (70); a communication unit (78); wiring (76) and a control unit (80) electrical; can be plugged positively each of the functional components (60) along a specific equipment component assembly in or on the respective housing (58) and component specific.


We show that an infinitesimal step of gradient flow can be used for defining a novel approach for computing gradients of physical observables with respect to action parameters. Compared to the commonly-used perturbative expansion, this approach does not require calculating any disconnected contribution or vacuum expectation value and can provide results up to three orders of magnitudes more precise. On the other hand, it requires a non-trivial condition to be satisfied by the flow action, the calculation of its force and its Laplacian, and of the force of the operator, whose gradient needs to be measured. As a proof of concept, we measure gradients in $\beta$ of Wilson loops in a four-dimensional SU(3) Yang-Mills theory simulated on a $16^4$ lattice using the standard Wilson action.


It is the critical first step how to obtain high-quality DNA in molecular biology research.In this paper,their genomic DNA from stem,leaves and endosperm of Pinus armandi Franch were extracted using five methods,which were the classical CTAB method,modified CTAB method,simple CTAB method,SDS micro-extraction method and Zigenhagen method.Then,the extracted DNAs were analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,agarose gel electrophoresis and standard deviation and standard error of arithmetic mean.The results showed:1The modified CTAB method was appropriate for leaves genomic DNA extraction,whose yield was moderate,changes of standard deviation and standard error were lower,and DNA quality was better and stable;2In stem genomic DNA extraction,the yield and the purity of DNA from the Zigenhagen method were highest and its changes of standard deviation and standard error were lowest.Its DNA quality was obviously better and stable;3For endosperm,the yield and the purity of DNA from simple CTAB method was highest,and its changes of standard deviation and standard error were lowest,which indicated that the DNA quality from simple CTAB method was obviously better and stable.Therefore,different methods should be used to extract genomic DNA in the different tissue of one and the same plant.To obtain the best result,the method of DNA extraction need to be explored in practice.


Gotestam KG. Physical training and mental health.The effect of physical training on anxiety and depression was studied in a doctoral thesis by Egil Martinsen (1989). An association between physical training and a reduction of depression was shown, but there was no difference between aerobic versus non-aerobic training. Other factors that may explain the effect are improvement in self-confidence, self-image. and general well-being. It also seems as if physical training can prevent the development of depression in otherwise vulnerable individuals.


This paper consists of two halves.
In the first half of the paper, we consider real-valued functions $f$ whose domain is the vertex set of a graph $G$ and that are Lipschitz with respect to the graph distance. By placing a uniform distribution on the vertex set, we treat $f$ as a random variable. We investigate the link between the isoperimetric function of $G$ and the functions $f$ that have maximum variance or meet the bound established by the subgaussian inequality. We present several results describing the extremal functions, and use those results to resolve: (A) a conjecture by Bobkov, Houdr\'e, and Tetali characterizing the extremal functions of the subgaussian inequality of the odd cycle, and (B) a conjecture by Alon, Boppana, and Spencer on the relationship between maximum variance functions and the isoperimetric function of product graphs.
While establishing a discrete analogue of the curved Brunn-Minkowski inequality for the discrete hypercube, Ollivier and Villani suggested several avenues for research. We resolve them in second half of the paper as follows. (1) They propose that a bound on $t$-midpoints can be obtained by repeated application of the bound on midpoints, if the original sets are convex. We construct a specific example where this reasoning fails, and then prove our construction is general by characterizing the convex sets in the discrete hypercube. (2) A second proposed technique to bound $t$-midpoints involves new results in concentration of measure. We follow through on this proposal, with heavy use on results from the first half of the paper. (3) We show that the curvature of the discrete hypercube is not positive or zero.


Magnetization of Fe o r N i a t the i n t e r f a c e of SiO has been s tudied by the neutron d i f f r a c t i o n from the Fe-SiO o r Ni-SiO mult i layered f i lms. Our r e s u l t s a r e cons i s ten t with the Mzssbauer r e s u l t s of Fe-MgF2 mult i layered f i lms, while the magnetic moment of N i a t the i n t e r f a c e seems t o depress a t the room temperature.


Background: Today's medical students will play a prominent role in future efforts to prevent and control tobacco use in the community, in addition they are considered as a paradigm for safe and healthy behavior, nevertheless the published literature revealed that they are not the least to be smokers. The current study aimed to estimating the prevalence of smoking among this group and to elaborate the risk factors associated with the smoking habit among them. Material and subjects: This is a cross sectional study, where randomly selected 400 female medical students from 2nd-6th academic year in the faculty of medicine at King Abdul Aziz University were invited to be enrolled in the study and to respond to a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. The response rate was 77.5%.  Results: Thirty two students out of 310 (10.3%) were current smokers, and the prevalence varied among students according to their academic year, it accounted for 10.5% among 2nd year, 11.3% in 3rd year, 8.5% in 4th year,  8.6% in 5th year and 12.0% in 6th year. We found that 21% of all smokers were daily smoker, regarding smoking status of the parents it was found that 13% of the smoking fathers have smoking daughters (p=0.285), and 29% of the smoking mothers have smoking daughters (p0.002). Conclusion and recommendations: 10% of our female medical students were smokers, significant factor associated with likelihood of being smoker was smoking status of the mother, and other factors are not statistically significant including smoking status of the father, brother or sister, age of the student, marital status and level of grades. We recommended initiating and supporting antismoking health education campaign using different media and targeting various sectors in general and females in specific.


which is usually milky, odourless and sterile, with fat concentration greater than plasma by twoto eight-folds. Sudan stain of fluid smear shows fat globules and leukocytes with lymphocytic predominance. CT scan may not always be able to identify the fatty contents of chyle. This is because the concentration of chyle can be below the threshold that is necessary for CT demonstration of characteristic fatty attenuation. In certain conditions, lymphoscintigraphy may aid the diagnosis. Postoperative chylous ascites have been reported in various surgical operations in adults, including retroperitoneal dissection, nephrectomy and aortic anuerysmectomy. It usually results from the damage of lymphatic channels during operation. We believe this is the first report of chylous ascites, following the excision of choledochal cyst with a concomitant Ladd's procedure. Since no patient with either choledochal cyst or malrotation alone has previously developed post-operative chylous ascites in our own series (>80 choledochal cysts; >150 Ladd's procedure), we hypothesise that the combination of the two procedures in this case presented a significant risk factor, as more extensive portal and retroperitoneal dissection and mobilisation were involved. Management of chylous ascites has always been challenging, especially in paediatric patients. Dietary therapy aims at maintaining or improving nutrition and decreasing the rate of chyle formation. Most patients are initially managed by a low-fat, high-protein diet. The use of medium-chained triglycerides substantially reduces lymph flow and thus, allows damaged lymphatic channel to heal. It has been reported that 50% would show improvement with this regimen within 1 month. Total parenteral nutrition is theoretically ideal for treating chylous ascites because the gut is completely bypassed. It is especially useful in patients who cannot tolerate adequate oral intake or those with refractory chylous ascites unresponsive to dietary intervention. More recently, the use of octreotide, in addition to dietary modification, has been advocated. Paracentesis is offered only in patients with significant symptoms, because repeated paracentesis carries the risk of hypoproteinemia, malnutrition and peritonitis. In refractory cases, surgical ligation of the leaking lymphatics can be performed. Identification of diseased lymphatic channels may be helped by pre-operative lymphangiography, or with high-fat diet up to 6 h prior to the surgery. Although initial success rates of peritoneal-venous shunts have been reported as high as 75%, its use remains controversial. The main indication for use is refractory ascites in a poor surgical candidate. In general, the management of chylous ascites should start with conservative dietary treatment. Operative management should be reserved unless there is a definite pathology or in those not responding to nutritional support. The overall prognosis of post-operative chylous ascites in children is favourable.


results o f an ongoing student project to create the softw are for a m odular general purpose digital im age p rocessing system suited to our departm ent's needs. The system serves a variety o f purposes. It is intended for use as a laboratory resource in conjunction with coursew ork as well as aid ing independen t research p ro jec ts in im age processing and com puter vision. In order to be effective as a laboratory resource, the system m ust have capabilities that arc both flex ib le and easy to use. M odular com ponents functioning like tools o r filters allow for the flexibility needed in a learning environm ent. For independent research p ro jec ts , it should provide a consistent set o f general u tilities that reduce the w orkload involved in experim entation. C onsequently , it is desirable to have a softw are system that is h ighly m odular and w hose com ponents can be used as tools in various com binations for specific tasks. M odularity provides ease o f use in that prospective users need to leam only about those com ponents that they need or desire to em ploy. M odifiability and increm ental expansion also resu lt from the use o f m odularity in the system. Other system s have been developed along these lines [1]. In short, an im age processing system in the sense that we intend it is a co n c is lcn t env ironm en t fo r the m anagem ent, storage, and p rocessing o f digital im age flics. The system was designed and developed for the departm ent's Hewlett Packard 9000 running HP-UX, a proprietary version o f the UNIX operating system. The UNIX environm ent offers a num ber o f advantages in realiz ing the staled objectives. One o f these advantages is the ability to reduce overhead by using processing pipes. The use o f software p ipelines in image processing is a generally accepted concept [2], Shell scripting also aids in the com bination of m odules that work together. Currently our progress has been focused on basic file m anipulation and upon some basic processing functions. We plan to add softw are to perform other standard image convolu tions such as the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), as well as creating piped prefilters to adjust file form ats. A lthough progress has been made on creating an im age p rocessing system for use at Furm an U niversity , there is certainly a great deal o f work yet to be d o n e .


According to a time-honoured dogma, adult brain cells are incapable of division and thus any kind of severe brain damage will be irreparable. This assumption is increasingly questioned, on the basis of studies showing regeneration of various cell types in the adult central nervous system (CNS)1. Moreover, cells isolated from the hippocampus or other encephalic regions have proved capable not only of self-renewal but also of differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which are responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths around axons)-thus behaving like classic stem cells2. These observations open the way, in theory, to several different strategies for replacing damaged neural tissue (see Figure 1). The first is the reactivation of local neural stem cells still present in the adult CNS. The second is transplantation into the brain of early but differentiated neural cells that survive in culture. And a third, more daring, is stimulation of human embryonic stem cells, surviving as immortalized cell lines, to differentiate into neural cells and implantation of such cells into the damaged nervous tissue. This last approach is based on experimental evidence that neural precursors derived from embryonic cells, when incorporated into encephalic regions, can assume features identical to those of the host cells. Behind the vast research effort now underway is the hope of beneficially modifying the course of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other severe disorders of the CNS. In this review I examine the background to these techniques and the difficulties that arise in their application.


Smoking is defined as burning dry tobacco leaves and inhaling smoke from the burn. This process may be done using different forms of tobbaco products, including cigarettes (Cigars, Little Cigars, Cigarillos), electronic cigarettes, and hookah (shisha). Smoking can give rise to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been proven to be the underlying cause in 84% of deaths in lung cancer and 83% mortalities in COPD. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking among male students of the Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was performed from January to February 2020 on among medical students of Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data while the SPSS was used for data analysis. From 256 male medical students, only 113 responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking was found to be 19.5% (n=22) with most smoked cigarettes (50%). Most smokers (50 %) were in the lowest age group, 19-21 years. There was an increase in smoking with an increase in income. Of the 22 respondents who smoked, 10 started smoking when they were 14 to 17 years old. In conclusion, the study shows a low prevalence of smoking among male medical students in the College of Medicine of Majmaah University. Most smokers consume cigarettes, and the majority are not considering quitting


Water security demands guaranteeing economic, social and environmental sustainability and simultaneously addressing the diversity of risks and threats related to water. Various frameworks have been suggested to support water security assessment. They are typically based on indexes enabling national comparisons; these may, however, oversimplify complex and often contested water issues. We developed a structured and systemic way to assess water security and its future trends via a participatory process. The framework establishes a criteria hierarchy for water security, consisting of four main themes: the state of the water environment; human health and well-being; the sustainability of livelihoods; and the stability, functions and responsibility of society. The framework further enables the analysis of relationships between the water security criteria as well as between water, energy and food security. The framework was applied to a national water security assessment of Finland in 2018 and 2030. Our experience indicates that using the framework collaboratively with stakeholders provides a meaningful way to improve understanding and to facilitate discussion about the state of water security and the actions needed for its improvement.


Abstract Fascination with the Lost Cause seems to know no end—at least among historians, who keep publishing books on the topic. Since at least the 1940s, the topic has attracted many scholars, who, like Robert Penn Warren, seem to have concluded that "at the moment of death the Confederacy entered upon it.... DOI 10.31390/cwbr.15.4.02 Recommended Citation Foster, Gaines (2013) "CIVIL WAR SESQUICENTENNIAL: the Lost Cause," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 15 : Iss. 4 . DOI: 10.31390/cwbr.15.4.02 Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol15/iss4/2  Download


Abstract In order to study the structure of defects in nematic liquid crystals, we have constructed a numerical procedure that minimizes the Landau-de Gennes free energy model. Using a new representation, a finite-element discretization, and a direct minimization scheme based on Newton's method and successive overrelaxation, this procedure determines the order parameter tensor field in three dimensions for a general physical problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions. As a sample problem, we have considered a nematic liquid crystal in a cylindrical capillary with boundary conditions that necessarily give rise to at least one defect. We find that for our parameters, two biaxial defects appear near the ends of a capillary with homeotropic alignment, and that near the center, the director is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.


We consider internal wave induced fluctuations of sound propagating vertically through the ocean. Expressions are derived for the acoustic phase structure function, variance and spectra. In a number of important oceanic applications sound propagates essentially along the vertical, from the surface (or some depth) to the bottom, as for instance in acoustic depth sounding or tracking of moving objects by bottom mounted hydrophones. The limits imposed by ocean variability on the accuracy of such systems are discussed and are found to be generally small.


Tape Stripping (TS) is a minimally invasive but yet a very useful procedure which enables the partial removal of the stratum corneum (SC) almost layer by layer. Being the outer layer of the epidermis, SC is responsible for the mechanical protection of the skin and deeper lying organs, as well as the protection against water loss from the body. In addition, the occurrence of the lipid coat on the surface of the SC regulates the process of absorption and penetration of various substances into the skin. The corneocyte samples obtained by the use of adhesive tapes may provide a lot of useful information concerning the skin condition and also its proper functioning as a barrier. This data could be helpful in the investigation and diagnosis of several skin diseases. In this review, we present the history of the tape stripping method, some critical parameters of the procedure as well as the possible applications of the combined non-invasive tape stripping method with the other more advanced methods to analyze corneocytes taken from volunteers or patients.


Scanty and it's basic function in national economic development determine the study on the type-conversion cost of the resource cities has important realistic significance.This paper has drawn former research results and research approach,make the theoretical discussion to the conception,characteristic and constituent of the type-conversion cost of the resource cities,and adopt logic analysis method to research on the relations between the conversion cost and the conversion opportunity,conversion way,developing stage of resource.we should make clear of each cost of the type-conversion and reduce the total cost as many as possible.


Abstract The aim and objective of this paper is to prompt an educational discourse and debate on how countries can use the social capital embedded in informal groupings (and their interactions) as a platform to mitigate the effects of HIV/AIDS such as facing off stigma; and poverty in Southern African countries of Botswana and South Africa. This is because most of the strategies governments have put in place are apparently inadequate or their implementation pace moves at a snail's pace. The paper has used secondary and eclectic data sources. Findings indicate that informal groupings' potent social capital can constitute strong platforms for HIV/AIDS information dissemination, lobbying and advocacy; as well as form invaluable forums that can facilitate and act as poverty alleviation and mitigation tools. The paper has theoretically and eclectically been premised on strengths and empowerment perspective as well as social network theory.


Friday, 9 March 2018 Plenary Session Hall 2 (Level 0) 09:00 Opening remarks Ilse Aigner Bavarian State Minister for Economic Affairs and Media, Energy and Technology Stephanie Jacobs Head of Health and Environment, City of Munich Christine Degenhart President of the Bavarian Chamber of Architects Michael Kordon 1st Vice President of the Bavarian Chamber of Civil Engineers 09:45 Frank Junker Over 15 years of economic success with Passive Houses in Frankfurt am Main 10:15 Wolfgang Feist The Passive House for affordable housing construction 69


The article begins with a semiotic analysis of the first movement of Arnold Schoenberg's Third String Quartet, Op.30, the purpose of which is to investigate the extent to which order-number partitioning plays a supporting role in the overall form of the movement. Contrary to standard semiotic practice, the entire series, rather than the motif, is used as the unit of signification. Each individual series statement is assigned to a particular category based on order-number partitioning. The results of the analysis show a strong correlation between order-number partitioning and the arch form of the work. I interpret this as a contrast or 'dialectical opposition' of contiguous versus fragmented order-number partitioning between thematic and developmental areas. This opposition between thematic and developmental treatment of material, which I understand as pivotal to the creation of dramatic contrast within the movement, is then used as a model for the investigation of other serial and non-serial dialectical oppositions, which are analysed in terms of the extent to which they play a part in this overarching opposition. The article concludes with a summary of the oppositions examined, showing how their interaction with the general thematic/developmental opposition assists in the creation of dramatic contrast.


This report contains a review of nuclear power plant operating events involving failures of power-operated relief valves (PORVs) and associated block valves (BVs). Of the 230 events identified, 101 involved PORV mechanical failure, 91 were attributable to PORV control failure, 6 events involved design or fabrication of the PORVs, and 32 events involved BV failures. The report contains a compilation of the PORV and BV failure events, including failure cause and severity. The events are identified as to plant and valve manufacturer. An assessment of the need to upgrade PORVs and BVs to safety-grade status concludes that such action would improve PORV and BV reliability. The greatest improvement in reliability would result from using newer, more reliable PORV designs and improving testing, diagnostics, and maintenance applied to PORVs and BVs, particularly the BV motor operator. A summary of interviews conducted with four PORV manufacturers is also included in the report.


This papers presents a context-aware NLP approach to automatically detect noteworthy information in spontaneous mobile phone conversations. The proposed method uses a supervised modeling strategy which considers both features from the content of the conversation as well as contextual information from the call. We empirically analyze the predictive performance of features of different nature on a corpus of mobile phone conversations. The results of this study reveal that the context of the conversation plays a crucial role on boosting the predictive performance of the model.


Abstract. Let G be a flnite group containing a non-abelian Sylow 2-subgroup. Weelementarily show that every G -Galois fleld extension L=K has a hyperbolic traceform in the presence of root of unity. 1. Introduction Let K be a fleld containing a primitive 4th root of unity with char( K ) 6= 2 : Thetrace form of a flnite fleld extension (or, more generally of an etale algebra) L is thenonsingular quadratic form q L=K : x 7! tr L=K ( x 2 ) deflned over K . In this paper wewill be concerned with the following general question:Question 1.1. Given a flnite group G, which quadratic forms over K are traceforms of G-Galois extensions L=K? Question 1.1 was studied in the mid-19th century; in particular, Sylvester [14],Jacobi [7], and Hermite [5], [6] independently proved that the number of real rootsof a polynomial p ( x ) 2 R[ x ] equals the signature of the trace form of the Galoisalgebra R[ x ] = ( p ( x )); see [1, Section 1]. There has been a resurgence of interest inthis topic at the end of the twentieth century, due in part, to an in°uential paper ofSerre [13], relating the trace form to the extension problem in inverse Galois theory.In spite of all this activity, Question 1.1, in its full generality remains open: acomplete answer is not even known in the case where


An explanation is offered for the fact that the toxic levels of molybdenum occurring in the Lower Lias soils of Somerset have not been found in soils of Glamorgan, apparently derived from the same zones of the Lower Lias. This is attributable to the parent rock being free of the abnormally high levels of molybdenum found in Somerset, which in turn probably results from the Glamorgan Lias having been laid down close to the contemporary coastline.

Soils high in molybdenum are to be expected in the Vale of Marshwood (Dorset), but owing to the topography of this district they probably occur in such small pockets as to cause no serious trouble.


This paper presents the experimental data collected in a series of tests to measure the hydraulic interaction of a typical gully inlet used in the UK. A full-scale laboratory rig was constructed at the University of Sheffield consisting of a testing platform fitted with grated inlets and a gully pot. The gully pot outlet serves both as an outfall and as an inlet to allow surcharge flow into the system. The aim of this paper is to address the shortfall in knowledge, of the flow into and from (surface and below surface) a typical gully system especially during surcharged conditions. This interaction is expressed in terms of head-discharge relationship and is important for the sewer flow simulations of urban flood prediction models. Ultimately, this information may be used by engineers and manufacturers for the design of surface drainage system and for the calibration/validation of coupled urban flood prediction models .


In the first part of the paper, certain incomplete character sums over a finite field Fpr are considered which in the case of finite prime fields Fp are of the form ?A+N?1n=A?(g(n))?(f(n)), where A and N are integers with 1?N


A model of a neural network of the auditory system is presented; it is based on the representation of the temporal activity of N fibers by a random field defined on a finite set. Our simulations show the behavior of the network in response to different stimuli; we investigate the duration of the transient times of the output random field and establish the link between these durations and a context effect. The results are consistent with the characteristics of a speech signal, and we could compare some of them to typical perceptive measures made on stop consonnants.


The confirmed pre-impact velocity is the base of accident reconstruction and responsibility identification. The uncertainty of pre-impact velocity calculation is defined as the warp between the result of accident reconstruction and fact, caused by the error from measurement and estimation, or some unknown information. To deal with this problem, a fuzzy rule-based evidential reasoning algorithm is employed in pre-impact velocity calculation. Taking certain influencing factors into consideration, referring variables are taken as the sub-attributes of the pre-impact velocity. The process is building a multiple hierarchical structure model presented with an evidential reasoning algorithm. The quantitative sub-attributes can be calculated with aggregating different degrees, and combined degrees of belief and uncertain belief of all the sub-attributes for the calculation to the pre-impact velocity through evidential reasoning algorithm. The results show that this algorithm is applicable to analyze the calculation results of collision velocity. And uncertainty analysis of accident reconstruction is significant and essential.


How to assess the substantial neuronal loss in a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer disease is still being debated. Recently, stereological procedures have been proposed that claim improved accuracy and statistical power, but the results of some of these investigations have been controversial. In this study we compared and correlated the cell density results calculated per unit of volume obtained by a stereological technique, the "selector," with the cell counts per unit area obtained by computer-aided image analysis morphometry, in the same sections of midfrontal cortex in Alzheimer disease and control cases. The "selector" revealed a significant decrease in neuronal density that correlated well with a similar fall in large neuronal counts per unit area, as estimated by image analysis morphometry. These results indicate that stereological techniques and image analysis morphometry are complementary methods in reliably assessing cellular populations in neurodegenerative disorders.


Pollutant factors of water quality for rivers and lakes and their relationships are the key factors for water pollution control.Traditional theories based on asceruained maths are not appropriate to deal with them because of their unascertained information.The rough set theory as a new technically maths tool can analyse and mine unascertained information from water pollutant factors.And the maths model based on rough set theory is put forward in this paper to calculate the importance coefficients of pollutant factors and to discover hidden data from them.Then the maths model is used to analyse the water quality data of Chaohu Lake.The result shows that the pollutant factors such as TP and COD are the most important factors which describe correctly the contamination degree of Chaohu Lake.And it also points out that the future study of Chaohu Lake should be focused on reducing the concentration of TP,COD and TN so as to improve water quality of it.


The effect of garlic (Allium Sativum) & fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) aqueous extracts (GE & FE) were studied with respect to their antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. Garlic extract (GE) at 5% was completely inhibit the growth of the test fungus in the agar plate method whether the extract mixed with or spreaded on the surface of the medium. Fenugreek extract (FE) at 10% did not exhibit any effect against this fungus in the sane method. Garlic extract (GE) & garlic chips (GC) inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus inoculated in poultry feed samples. The viable spore count per gram of feed treated with garlic was less than control feed samples. Garlic extract (GE) was more effective than garlic chips (GC). Fenugreek extract (FE) at 10% (did not inhibit the growth of the same fungus and the viable spore count was the same as the control.


With an increasingly wider application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), the accuracy of phasor parameter estimation has become one of the major concerns in related research. The accuracy of phasor parameter estimation is closely associated with the accuracy of waveform model representation. The most commonly used waveform models in literature are Fourier models, and Taylor polynomial models, which are the backbones of frequency-domain and time-domain phasor estimation approaches, respectively. Usually, neither solution alone is capable of producing satisfactory results, despite various improvement strategies. This paper proposes a novel method for hybridization of existing Fourier and polynomial fitting-based estimation methods. The framework is introduced so that the merits from multiple algorithms can be leveraged without designing a completely new algorithm. Fourier method and Taylor expansion method are selected to demonstrate this approach. Both theoretical derivation and simulation results show that the proposed framework effectively integrates the benefits from both algorithms to achieve sufficient accuracy.


We present molecular line observations of one of the bright rims in NGC 2264, with the objective of studying the physics of the interaction between the ionizing flux from a young star and a molecular cloud. We have observed the gas to the west of S Mon, where we find a morphology which indicates interaction with the ionizing radiation from this star. Our data consist mainly of high angular resolution (20″) maps of the 12 CO and 13 CO J=3→2 transitions, obtained with the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory


This study characterizes the interior acoustics in four shopping malls in Portugal (each with a total area from 12,000 to 72,000 m ) by in situ measurements of objective acoustic par ameters (reverberation time RT, LAeq background noise levels and Rapid Speech Transmiss ion Index RASTI ) with and without occupation (in corridors and foo d courts), comparing those with proposed ideal values and basically evaluating the influence that the rooms surrounding features have on the measured results. Results show average RT values between 1.7 and 3.2 s and LAeq (with occupancy) between 67 and 70 dB.


A fossil species of the extant liverwort genus Frullania Raddi is described and illustrated, based on a single inclusion in a piece of Rovno amber (Ukraine) that shares its age with Late Eocene Baltic amber, its northern contemporary. Frullania rovnoi is characterised by leaves with a rounded dorsal lobe and the absence of ocelli. The ventral lobe is inflated and forms a saclike lobule, which is bell-shaped and somewhat constricted above the mouth. The bifid underleaves have several blunt teeth or angulations along the shoulder. The Rovno fossil differs sufficiently from morphologically similar species preserved in Baltic and Bitterfeld amber as to be described as new to science. The shape of the lobules and underleaves, as well as the absence of ocelli, indicate an affiliation to F. sect. Australes, hitherto represented in Eocene amber inclusions solely by F. schumannii (Casp.) Grolle. The Rovno fossil is distinguished from extant species of F. subg. Australes and from F. schumannii by having roughly and irregularly dentate-angulate underleaf margins.


Age is not a prognostic risk factor for complications after elective surgery in older patients, whereas frailty, cognitive impairment, and smoking are, a review has found.1

"Older adults are a diverse group of patients whose risk of postoperative complications is not solely defined by their age, comorbidities, or the type of surgical procedure they receive," said the lead author, Jennifer Watt, from the University of Toronto in Ontario, Canada.

She added, "This study highlights how common postoperative complications are …


The paper presents a case study of the architectural treatment of the shoreline at Darling Harbour, Sydney. The harbour, largely disused in recent years following the decline of its industrial base, is being re-developed by the N.S.W. Government and the private sector as a major tourist and recreational facility.


e22006 Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the bone in children and adolescents, typically occurring in the metaphysis of long bones. Historically, patients were treated with surgical resection, but the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy over the last 50 years has greatly improved prognosis, with survival rates increasing from 20% to almost 70% for non-metastatic tumors. However, prognosis remains poor for patients with refractory or recurrent disease, and Ifosfamide containing regimens are the standard 2nd line chemotherapy. Ifosfamide has been utilized in various combinations with other chemotherapeutic agents including methotrexate, cisplatin and epirubicin with variable reported results. Alternatively, it has been used as a single agent at an escalated dose of 12-14 gm/m2 with improved response. However, high dose Ifosfamide (HDI) is associated with nephrotoxicity. We aim to evaluate our institution's experience with single agent HDI in terms of both outcome and safety. Methods: This is a single institutional retrospective study conducted at the Children's Hospital of Michigan. All pediatric patients up to age 21 years with refractory or relapsed osteosarcoma who received at least 2 cycles of HDI therapy after MAP over the course of 20 years were included. Progression free and event free survival were calculated. Nephrotoxicity was documented as per common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v.50 grading. Results: A total of 46 charts were screened, 19 patients were found to have recurrent or refractory OS. 3 patients were only treated surgically. 16 patients received 2nd line chemotherapy with/without surgical resection. 13 patients received single agent HDI and were included in our analysis. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.78, with 6 recurrent and 7 refractory patients. Patients received an average of 5 cycles of HDI. At end of therapy, objective response rate was 46% and disease control rate was 61%. 5 patients in our analysis had reported nephrotoxicity, with 3 patients having transient grade 1 elevations in creatinine that improved while remaining on chemotherapy. 2 patients developed persistent grade I elevation of creatinine, both developed this nephrotoxicity after being off therapy for more than 1 year. Nephrotoxicity was associated with higher number of cycles of HDI, with these patients receiving at least 4 cycles. At this point of follow up, 3 patients are alive without evidence of disease at least 2 years after completion of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our experience is consistent with prior reports that HDI is efficacious as single agent therapy for patients with osteosarcoma that is refractory or recurrent with acceptable nephrotoxicity. In our experience, nephrotoxicity occasionally developed months after the cessation of therapy. As such, long term follow up of survivors is necessary.


Three theories from the disciplines college student development and educational psychology of particular relevance to teaching of information literacy are summarized: Perry's (1999) scheme of intellectual and moral development, Renninger's (2009) phases of interest development, and Grow's (1991) stages of self-directed learning. Each theory is described, then parallels among them are drawn, and finally the implications of these theories for the teaching of information literacy are discussed.


Automated assessment is an emerging innovation in educational praxis, however its pedagogical potential is not fully utilised in Australia, particularly regarding automated essay grading. The rationale for this research is that the usage of automated assessment currently lags behind the capacity that the technology provides, thus restricting the pedagogical benefits for students, job satisfaction for staff, and quality assurance and financial benefits for universities. The exploration of the different perspectives of stakeholders regarding their needs and expectations of automated assessment shows the high-stake game of surviving and thriving. Inter alia, students value education as a means to gain employment, educators' value education as their means of employment, and universities value education as their means of existence. The various facets of this interplay are described, including the value of knowledge and learning (pedagogical considerations); society's system for measuring worth and exchanging value (economic considerations); sociotechnological evolution and emerging innovations in educational assessment, and the adoption and resistance thereof.


The present article deals with the fate of the 1976 Chlorides and Chemical Pollutants Conventions concluded by the riparian states of the Rhine and in the case of the latter Convention also by the EEC. It further analyzes the decision of 8 January 1979 taken by the District Court of Rotterdam in the case of certain Dutch horticulturists and the Dutch Stichting 'Reinwater' against the French Mines Domaniales de Potasse d'Alsace . The author pleads that the Dutch Government institute proceedings against France before the I.C.J. considering the fact that the French Government refused to ratify the 1976 Chlorides Convention and the fact that the proceedings at present taking place before the Dutch Courts will not lead to a diminuition of the salt-load of the Rhine.


A comment on solitons in superfluid /sup 3/He-A is presented. It is found that bound states exist with the possibility that some states have zero energy.(AIP)


This study examines how rational factors and trust modify health behaviors and various stages of trust mediate the rational factors in behavior changing through four stages of it. By integrating factors of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and various stages of trust, a health behavior change framework was proposed. Quantitative data on TPB, trust and behavior change were collected from Chinese youths through online survey. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was applied to analyze the data from 448 valid questionnaires to verify it. The findings show: Both TPB and trust constructs have significant impacts on modifying health behavior change; Trust mediates the effect of perceived behavioral control on health behavior change, while the stages of site content evaluation and longer‐term engagement of trust act as partial mediators; Relationships existed between TPB factors and trust stages. This study advances the understanding of health behavior change with regards to rational factors and trust stages and provides implications for stakeholders.


In the framework of the massive production of hydrogen using the sulphur-iodine thermochemical cycle, the design of the reactive distillation column, chosen by CEA for the HIx section, requires the knowledge of the partial pressures of the gaseous species (HI, I2, H2O) in thermodynamic equilibrium with the liquid phase of the HI-I2-H2O ternary mixture in a wide range of concentrations up to 270°C and 50 bar. The experimental devices which enable the measurement of the total pressure and concentrations of the vapour phase (and thus the knowledge of the partial pressures of the different gaseous species) for the HI-I2-H2O mixture in the 20-250°C range and up to 35 bar are described.


Eutrophication and oxygen depletion are the major factors influencing the responses of benthic organisms in coastal ecosystems. Along the coastal waters of South Eastern Arabian Sea a mass shoreward movement of bivalve Donax scortum (locally referred as "eranthu") occurred during end phase of summer monsoon upwelling. Possible reasons for this shoreward movement points to the low dissolved oxygen (0.25 ml L) in the bottom waters. Intense blooms of large dinoflagellate species, Noctiluca scintillans were observed a week prior to this event along these coastal waters and the crashing related decaying might have resulted in lower DO values in the region. The study discuss on the deleterious effects of hypoxic conditions caused by summer monsoon algal blooms on benthic fauna of South Eastern Arabian Sea.


The ambipolar D-T fusion reactor with total axial symmetry and double end mirrors is offered as the prospect variant. The energy balance is estimated and conditions of MHD-stability are determined. A possibility to decrease the reactor length is pointed out.


This thesis deals with the constitutive modelling of adaptation and degradation processes for the simulation of the material behaviour of anisotropic biological tissues. The modelling is based on the framework of finite deformation continuum mechanics. The constitutive models proposed are motivated by elastic and inelastic physical mechanisms originating from the micro-mechanical structure of the material. With regard to the modelling of soft biological tissues, e.g. arteries, the range of topics covers the investigation of energetic properties of an anisotropic residually stressed non-linear elastic continuum, a gradient-enhanced continuum damage model for the progressive failure of collagen fibres and a remodelling formulation for the deformation-driven evolution of anisotropy. With regard to adaptation processes in hard biological tissues, e.g. bone, a growth model for the energy-driven evolution of density is proposed. The constitutive models are discussed with respect to their numerical implementation. The modelling capabilities of the constitutive formulations are validated by homogeneous deformation cases and illustratively underlined by a variety of different finite element simulations.


A method of manufacturing a mask for a semiconductor device includes checking layout data for a mask in the semiconductor device and correcting any errors in the layout data that violate the design rule, filling small jogs in the layout data, performing optical proximity correction on the jog-filled layout data, and generating a mask pattern using the jog-filled layout data subjected to the optical proximity correction. By this process, it is possible to simplify the layout database to be subjected to optical proximity correction and minimize any errors that may cause unnecessary optical proximity correction (OPC) issues.


. Olig1 and Olig2, two transcription factors, play regulatory function in the differentiation and specification of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). In this study the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on total protein concentration (TPC) and Olig1 and Olig2 expression in the cerebral cortex of mouse was examined. Twenty-one Balb/c mice were separated into three groups: control, EMF and Sham groups (n=7 for each group). The mice were placed inside the solenoid for a daily EMF exposure of 50 Hz, 1 mT for 6 h/day, 7 days/week for 10 days. The Sham group was also located in the same coil with no exposure. Mice were anesthetized after the final exposure session and their cerebral cortex were collected. TPC and the expression of Olig 1 and Olig2 were studied by Bio-Rad protein assay and western blot, respectively. The cerebral cortex samples were removed for further analysis. There was no significant difference in TPC in the EMF treated cortical samples as compared with those from the SHAM and control groups. It was also shown that the expression of Olig1 and Olig2 was increased in the EMF treated cortical extracts as compared with those in controls and SHAM groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that EMF enhances Olig1 and Olig2 expression in the mice cerebral cortex. Moreover, as Olig1 and Olig2 plays important role in the development of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, it can be deduced that EMF may affect OPC differentiation by increasing the expression of Olig1 and Olig2. Further studies are needed to clarify the extent of EMF impact on oligodendrocyte differentiation.


and destruction by SCF (cid:1) -TrCP Am Physiol 2012. (cid:1) -Transducin re-peats-containing protein ( (cid:1) -TrCP) is the substrate recognition subunit of the SCF (SKP1, CUL1, and F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. SCF (cid:1) -TrCP ubiquitinates specifically phosphorylated substrates to promote their subsequent de- struction by the 26S proteasome and plays a critical role in various human diseases including tumorigenesis. We and others (Duan S et al. Mol Cell 44: 317–324, 2011; Gao D et al. Mol Cell 44: 290–303, 2011; Zhao Y et al. Mol Cell 44: 304–316, 2011) recently reported that SCF (cid:1) -TrCP regulates cell growth and autophagy by controlling the ubiquitination and destruction of DEPTOR, an endogenous mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In this review, we discuss (cid:1) -TrCP's new downstream substrate, DEPTOR, as well as summarize the novel functional aspects of (cid:1) -TrCP in controlling cell growth and regulating autophagy, in part through


ICEPAC( Ionospheric Communication Enhanced Profile Analysis and Circuit Prediction Program) based mainly on measurements of HF field-strength and system loss is applied in this paper. Some aspects of propagation in HF band are analyzed. A comparative study of the commonly used HF propagation models is presented. The ground-wave propagation is deeply investigated. Finally, we use the statistical model-based tool ICEPAC to simulate the communication states of HF propagation over China sea-surface. The simulation results show that HF prediction model built with correct settings outputs the approximate communication situations of China sea-surface in HF band. It helps to predict the communication status accurately and has important realistic significance.


Least Square (LS) algorithm used in the frequency domain for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) channel estimation is simple and easy to realize. However, the mean square error of LS algorithm is higher. Wiener filter can be used to improve the performance of LS algorithm, but the complexity of system will increase. Based on the principal component analysis method, a low complexity algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm has two steps. Firstly, the LS estimator is exploited to obtain the channel information in the OFDM system and then a Wiener filter with low complexity is utilized to improve the performance of LS estimator. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that this new approach can reduce the complexity greatly with a little loss in performance.


The nonphytotoxic analogs of atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino, 6 isopropylamino-s triazine) are hydroxyatrazine and protonated hydroxyatrazine. Distinctive infrared bands of these compounds appear at 1620, 1680, and 1740 cm⁻¹, respectively. By monitoring these distinctive bands of the compounds, it has been demonstrated that in a combination of atrazine and dexon (p-[dimethylamino] benzenediazo sodium sulphonate) there is a time-dependent chemical change of some atrazine to protonated hydroxyatrazine indicating a reduction in phytotoxicity of the s-triazine. A part of dexon-atrazine antagonism—the reduction of atrazine toxicity to certain plants in the presence of dexon—is due to chemical reaction.


In this empirical study, a 3SLS simultaneous equation with bank relationships and profitability endogenous was employed to investigate the relationships among the number of banking relationships firms maintain, public debt issuing and the profitability. Using 5,790 Taiwanese stock listed year-firm companies over the period of 1991-2000, it was found a significantly negative correspondence between firm profitability and the number of banking relationships. Firms with more banking relationships are less profitable, and profitable firms maintain fewer banking relationships. These results are still economically meaningful and robust after controlling industry dummy variables. After including whether firms issuing public debt into the equation in order to control the influence of information disclosure directly to the public to the profitability, it was found that firms issuing public debt exhibit a significantly lower profitability among all categories of firms with multilateral, bilateral and zero banking relationships, implying that the disadvantages of disclosure information to public debt is significant. However, firms issuing public debt show a higher number of banking relationships than those of firms without public debt, meaning that public debt can create advantage in dealing with banks. Noticeable, firms with public debt can help to expand more banking relationships only happened in the case while firms had already maintained multiple banking relationships instead of single relationship. Once firms choice to keep single banking relationship, the relationship will not be changed by issuing in public debt.


Twenty-four patients with phenylketonuria from the state institutions of Massachusetts were divided into 12 matched pairs, comparable as to age, sex, intelligence and length of institutional placement. One member of each pair was selected by lot to receive a phenylalanine deficient diet for a 12-month period, the other member of the pair receiving a control diet identical in appearance and flavor. The identity of the control and experimental patients was not known to those caring for them. Five unpaired, institutionalized patients and five outpatients also received low-phenylalanine diets.
 At the end of a test period of 12 to 15 months, the patients were evaluated in terms of adequacy of chemical control and changes observed in intelligence, behavior, skin condition, hair color, seizures and electroencephalograms.
 Although prolonged therapy of patients with low-phenylalanine diets is generally feasible while they are at home with their parents and under close medical observation, the program seems more difficult to achieve on a large scale in an institutional setting. A number of patients receiving the diet developed malnutrition severe enough to require discontinuance of the diet for temporary periods. The low-phenylalanine diet is undoubtedly dangerous unless the patients are closely observed.
 It is impossible to know whether or not the diet is achieving the desired chemical effect of reduction of phenylalanine to normal concentrations in the blood, unless the plasma concentration of phenylalanine is followed. Estimation of phenylalanine in plasma is a more difficult test than that for urine phenylpyruvate, but is essential since plasma concentration may remain high when the urine is negative. Extremely low values for phenylalanine in plasma may require slight increase in phenylalanine intake. Death in status epilepticus has been reported, possibly associated with extremely rapid decrease in phenylalanine in the plasma to nearly zero. Without this chemical control apparent failure, based on nonachievement of chemical control, might be erroneously ascribed to uselessness of the diet.
 Possible beneficial effect on intelligence was limited to four patients, 6 months, 7 months, 1½ years and 3 years of age at the time the diet was begun. Improvement in skin condition, behavior, and possibly in electroencephalograms, was obtained in older individuals, but such benefits would not seem to justify the difficulties and dangers of dietary therapy.
 These observations, together with the reported results of other investigators, support the tentative conclusion that the metabolic disturbances associated with the elevated concentration of phenylalanine in the plasma, characteristic of phenylketonuria, interfere with normal cerebral development rather than with the function of a normally developed brain.
 Recognition of phenylketonuria at the earliest possible age, and prompt institution of dietary control, are essential if the possible therapeutic benefits of a low-phenylalanine diet are to be conclusively evaluated.


Electrification of drive trains offers the chance for locally emission-free and quieter driving. The local public transport particularly needs to realize these two features. With the upcoming electrification of the individual transport by electric mobility concepts, its "green image" is at risk.


Sclerostin, encoded by the Sost gene, is an important negative regulator of bone formation that has been proposed to have a key role in regulating the response to mechanical loading. To investigate the effect of long‐term Sclerostin deficiency on mechanotransduction in bone, we performed experiments on unloaded or loaded tibiae of 10 week old female Sost−/− and wild type mice. Unloading was induced via 0.5U botulinum toxin (BTX) injections into the right quadriceps and calf muscles, causing muscle paralysis and limb disuse. On a separate group of mice, increased loading was performed on the left tibiae through unilateral cyclic axial compression of equivalent strains (+1200 µe) at 1200 cycles/day, 5 days/week. Another cohort of mice receiving equivalent loads (−9.0 N) also were assessed. Contralateral tibiae served as normal load controls. Loaded/unloaded and normal load tibiae were assessed at day 14 for bone volume (BV) and formation changes. Loss of BV was seen in the unloaded tibiae of wild type mice, but BV was not different between normal load and unloaded Sost−/− tibiae. An increase in BV was seen in the loaded tibiae of wild type and Sost−/− mice over their normal load controls. The increased BV was associated with significantly increased mid‐shaft periosteal mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS), mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate/bone surface (BFR/BS), and endosteal MAR and BFR/BS. Notably, loading induced a greater increase in periosteal MAR and BFR/BS in Sost−/− mice than in wild type controls. Thus, long‐term Sclerostin deficiency inhibits the bone loss normally induced with decreased mechanical load, but it can augment the increase in bone formation with increased load. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity which admit at least one nonzero proper ideal. Let R be a ring. Recall that the intersection graph of ideals of R, denoted by G(R), is an undirected simple graph whose vertex set is the set of all nontrivial ideals of R (an ideal I of R is said to be nontrivial if I / ∈ {(0), R}) and distinct vertices I, J are joined by an edge in G(R) if and only if I ∩ J 6= (0). Let r ∈ N. The aim of this article is to characterize rings R such that G(R) is either bipartite or 3-partite. MSC: 13A15.