Use of papers loaded with ion-exchange resins to adsorb drugs from urine specimens resulted in large losses during the procedure. The first step, removal of drugs from urine specimens, was 25-85% efficient. The second step, elution of drugs from paper for further processing, was approximately 40-70% complete. The efficiency of the first step was decreased and the efficiency of the second step was increased by addition of NaCl, except in the case of barbiturates. Presence of salt during elution increased the yield of dihydromorphine by 20%, of methadone by 16%, of amphetamine by 34%, and of chlorpromazine by 40%, but did not enhance the yield of pentobarbital. Overall recovery rates were: 51% for the opiates, 57% for methadone, 72% for a phenothiazine tranquillizer, but only 35% for amphetamine and 15% for a barbiturate.


Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in various fields of physics and engineering. In this work, we introduce the model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL), which is an important branch of machine learning, to the laser frequency sweep control for frequency modualted continous wave (FMCW) light detection and range (LiDAR). With the well designed neural network structure, the experimental results with control represent a significant improvement in the linearity of laser frequency sweep indicating that our proposed MBRL control method has the potential for complicated optical systems control.


Vibrio parahaemolyticus is considered to be an emerging, yet understudied, human pathogen. The V. parahaemolyticus BB22OP genome was sequenced to allow for a comparative analysis between the genome of BB22OP and another previously sequenced, pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus, RIMD2210633. V. parahaemolyticus BB22OP is interesting because it exhibits a spontaneous phenotypic switch in colony morphology due to the loss of a functional OpaR; this also influences virulence. OpaR is the major quorum-sensing regulator in V. parahaemolyticus homologous to LuxR from V. harveyi. When opaR is removed from the RIMD2210633 genome, the same phenotypic switch is not seen indicating a difference between the quorum-sensing systems in these two strains. Understanding the regulatory variation in these two strains has the potential to provide key insights into the control of pathogenesis in this organism. Initially, the BB22OP genome sequencing results aligned into 125 contigs. The genome has now been assembled into two distinct chromosomes with only two gaps remaining to be filled. These gaps are located in the integron region, which is difficult to assemble due to its structure. The integron is a series of gene cassettes separated by inverted repeats that facilitate recombination events that build the integron. The integron region is further evidence of genetic differences between the two strains. The integron in the RIMD2210633 strain is comprised of 69 gene cassettes, while the BB22OP integron contains at least 86 gene cassettes. There are 313 genes novel to the BB22OP genome, which could result in the phenotypic differences seen in these two strains. Additionally five of the 313 genes are predicted to be transcriptional regulators indicating the potential for differential gene regulation. Further comparative analysis will likely reveal more phenotypic divergence between the physiology of RIMD2210633 and BB22OP.


The internet provided consensual sex workers with a sense of safety and community not available on the streets. Screening clients before meeting them, sharing information about dangerous clients, and finding work without relying on pimps turned a historically dangerous profession into a safer, more reliable way to earn a living. Unfortunately, the internet also provided sex traffickers with a more efficient way to advertise sex trafficking victims without detection by law enforcement. Under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, websites hosting advertisements of sex trafficking victims were often immune from liability. Section 230, which meant to promote free speech on the internet, repeatedly left these victims without remedy. Congress recognized a need to hold someone responsible for online advertisements of sex trafficking victims. FOSTA/SESTA removed website immunity under Section 230 to encourage websites to diligently monitor and remove sex trafficking posts or otherwise be held responsible for facilitating the unlawful action. To avoid the work of monitoring content under FOSTA/SESTA, websites removed posting capabilities previously used by consensual sex workers. Congress failed to consider how the internet protects consensual sex workers and how this protection would be stripped from them in the wake of FOSTA/SESTA. This Comment will argue consensual sex workers deserve protection under FOSTA/SESTA. Ultimately, this Comment will recommend that Section 230 immunity be reinstated and either enforced *J.D. Candidate, The Pennsylvania State University, Penn State Law, 2020. I would like to thank all my colleagues at the Penn State Law Review, especially Kenzie Ryback, for showing unfailing guidance through such an important area of law during the comment writing process. CMT 2 ALL SEX WORKERS DESERVE PROTECTION (DO NOT DELETE) 10/24/2019 7:54 AM 220 PENN STATE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 124:1 jointly with existing legislation or construed more narrowly. Under either recommendation, both sex trafficking victims and consensual sex workers will receive the protection they deserve.


A b s t r a c t overnment uses tax as a source of revenue. However, the effort of federal G government in Nigeria to raise Value Added Tax (VAT) from 5% to 10% increases vulnerability of Small Scale Enterprises, most especially those in Abeokuta. This study therefore attempts to evaluate the prospect of this increment, from the perspective of Small Scale Enterprises, on business operations. A sample of 175 registered small scale enterprises in Abeokuta th Metropolis was selected and systematic sampling adopted to select every 5 observation. The study uses probit version of ordinal logistics model and all analyses are conducted at 5% level of significance. The finding reveals that probability of small scales' income generation will decrease with tax payment and cost of production when the increase in VAT is effected. The study concludes that proposed VAT increment in Nigeria will detrimentally impact upon the operations of small scale enterprises in the country. It is therefore recommended that palliative measures like business grants should be introduced for Small Scale Enterprises to cushion the effect of the potential increment on their operations.


Unfolding behaviour of different allelic variants of high Mrglutenin subunits has been studied by transverse urea gradient gel electrophoresis, a system in which a gradient of urea (from 0 to 8 M) is generated perpendicularly to the direction of migration. A different unfolding pattern is observed between x- and y-type subunits. The former type of subunits generally present a broad unfolding pattern without any clear transition, as urea concentration increases, suggesting the existence of several conformational intermediates. On the contrary most of the y-type subunits present an unfolding pattern showing an abrupt decrease in mobility, with a single inflection point at the midpoint of the transition indicative of a protein unfolding in a single, cooperative, two-state transition. Native and bacterial expressed subunits, differing for the size of the repetitive domain, were used to assess the role of variation in size of such region on unfolding behaviour. Free energy values associated to unfolding process were calculated for most of the y-type subunits presenting a two state transition. In particular, different values were found for subunit Dy10 and Dy12, with the former being larger than the latter, suggesting a different stability of the two subunits. Possible implications for qualitative differences associated to allelic subunits are also discussed.


The manufacturing industry in Hungary is responsible for 24,3% of the GDP. In overall Hungarian companies' labour productivity reaches only 70% of the EU average. This study shows that digitalisation may contribute to higher labour productivity. In this study a new index to measure digital business process integration (DBII) is introduced based on Porter's Value Chain model. Historic data from a questionnaire is used to categorize companies based on DBII. The association between DBII, organization IT capabilities and business performance indicators (labour productivity and profit per employee) is analysed with the help of cross tabulation and SPSS. It is also shown that higher DBII can be associated with higher labour productivity. Positive association between organization IT capabilities and labour productivity is also presented. A weaker but significant association between DBII and profit per employee suggests, that organizations still need to work out ways how digitalisation can help to harvest the gains from increased labour productivity.


Compared to coal drills,coal fluid drills are increasingly widely used for their safety and wet drilling.Aiming at the minimum volume of output mechanism in coal fluid drills,the design creates a structure optimum design model of output mechanism.By making use of optimum toolbox of MATLAB,the primary parameters were optimized on the condition of constraints satisfied,which can meet the minimum volume of coal fluid drill.Proved by the results,the improved structure will be lighter,which can reduce labor intensity and create convenient conditions for further promotion.


Scientific resarch archives in colleges and universities is the historical record for the scientific research of colleges and universities,which is the major record and reflection of the whole process and the real achievements.The vital subject for the scientific researchers,the management of scientific research and archives is how to make effective use of it and realize its value,especially,the value of scientific achievements.


The 1/falpha noise displayed by the fluctuation of the n th unfolded eigenvalue, where n plays the role of a discrete time, was recently characterized for the classical Gaussian ensembles of NxN random matrices. It is investigated here for the beta-Hermite ensemble by wavelet analysis of Monte Carlo simulated series both as a function of beta and of N. When beta decreases from 1 to 0, for a given and large enough N, the evolution from a 1/f noise at beta=1 Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (GOE) to a 1/f2 noise at beta=0 Gaussian diagonal ensemble (GDE) is heterogeneous with a approximately 1/f2 noise at the finest scales and an approximately 1/f noise at the coarsest ones.


Based on the message of protection device action and figure of fault recording for a tripping accident in 220 kV line,the fault reason was analyzed,the relevant improvement measures were proposed,so the problem of incorrect action of protection equipment was solved.


The complexes of [(tBuPCP)IrH(Cl)] {1, tBuPCP = 1,3-bis[(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)methyl]benzene} with pyridine (py, 2), 4-aminopyridine (4apy, 3) and 2-aminopyridine (2apy, 4) have been synthesized and fully characterized by variable-temperature spectroscopy (NMR, IR, and UV/Vis). In each case, the reaction yields a mixture of cis- and trans-hydrido–chlorido isomers. The stereochemistry of the latter was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis of 2a and 3a, which showed that the pyridine ligands coordinated opposite the aryl ring do not produce an additional twist of the pincer ligand but lead to the elongation of all bonds involving the iridium atom. The chlorido ligand becomes substantially labilized owing to the strong trans effect of the hydrido ligand, and that in 3a it is prone to intermolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bonding in the solid state. In the 2-aminopyridine complex 4, the intramolecular hydrogen bond to the chlorido ligand (isomer 4a′) is slightly more preferred over the N–H···H bond (isomer 4a). The structures of the cis-hydrido–chlorido isomers 2b–4b were established with the help of 15N-labeled pyridine. These isomers undergo fast ligand exchange on the NMR timescale that slows as the temperature decreases. The decoalescence temperature is the lowest for the 2-aminopyridine derivative 4b; therefore, it is the least stable. The repulsion between the tert-butyl groups of the pincer ligand and the o-NH2 group is the main reason for the lower stability of 4b.


![Figure][1]

A 77-year-old man was diagnosed with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Peripheral blood (panel A; original magnification ×100, Wright-Giemsa stain) showed medium-sized lymphoblasts with fine chromatin and multiple small nucleoli. By flow cytometry, the blasts expressed


Many fixed satellite service (FSS) transponders in Ku band belong to the family of linearly polarized (LP) space assets. Therefore the terminals in the FSS-covered service areas also use linear polarization. In this paper, we propose, on the other hand, that circularly polarized (CP) terminals are more economical in manufacturing and installations as comparing to compatible LP terminals. The presented techniques will enable satellite operators to cost-effectively service Ku band VSAT users, either fixed or mobile, via LP space assets in Ku band. A method that makes possible the emergence of multiple g r o u p e d LP satellite transponders through Wave-Front (WF) Multiplexing (muxing) techniques is presented. Grouped LP transponders become accessible efficiently by CP ground terminals and vice versa. This method consists of a polarization converting processor in a ground hub with our modifications of ground user equipment and satellite assets. The received waveforms are processed in the digital domain in order to further service intended ground terminals. A low cost test bed is developed to emulate satellite links and implement WF muxing and WF demultiplexing (demuxing). We present both simulation and experimental results to demonstrate the satellite communication links of transponders and ground terminals using incompatible polarization respectively.


The results of the Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors (ACCESS) study show that treatment with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in the acute phase of a stroke improves mortality and cardiovascula morbidity. In addition, direct comparative antihypertensive trials have demonstrated beneficial effects ofARBs in preventing stroke. These possible cerebroprotective effects ofARBs are supported by animal studies, demonstrating that stimulation ofthe AT2 receptor was related to a reduction in both cerebral infarct size and mortality. In the present report, we review both pathophysiological and clinical evidence for possible cerebroprotective effects of ARBs, independent of their effect on blood pressure. (NethHeartJ2005;13:142-6.)


Funding information Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Abstract When the microgrid (MG) operates in islanded mode, the frequency adjustment is performed through the secondary control. This control can be achieved through centralised, distributed or decentralised strategies. The centralised strategies are the most applied in the MG due to the facility of the control and coordination of the distributed generations. However, due to centralisation of processing and information, these strategies depend on the continuous operation of the communication channels. The decentralised and distributed strategies are proposed in the literature to avoid the reliability issues of centralised strategies. This paper proposes a new control interface that can combine the centralised and decentralised secondary frequency control strategies in a unique control structure, merging the advantages of each technique. The proposed unified secondary frequency control structure (USFCS) can ensure the benefits of centralised control and can maintain the MG frequency regulation even during control or communication failures. The proposed USFCS is verified on an MG based on the CIGRE benchmark LV distribution network through simulation. The results have shown that the proposed control structure can guarantee the frequency regulation even during failures and can restore it to regular operation after failure.


With native poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the polymorphism of the serum proteins for three populations: rainbow trout, brook trout, and the hybrid [rainbow trout(♀)×brook trout(♂)]. The genotype frequencies, genetic homozygosity and Shannon's information index were calculated and the relationship and genetic distances of three populations were explored. The results revealed large difference in five serum protein(α-globulin,β1-globulin, γ-globulin, prealbumin, and albumin) seats, and different frequencies in the dominant gene of the seats in the three populations. In addition, hybrids showed particular bands integrated from genetic information of the parents. Bisexual reproduction was found and they were indeed hybrids in geneticm aterial. The hybrid had a relative genetic similarity of 0.718 and 0.575, in genetic distance of 0.332 and 0.554 from rainbow trout and brook trout, respectively, showing more intimacy to the maternal side, which gains support from UPGMA tree additionally.


In [2]we proposed a new approach to the RSK (Robinson-Schensted-Knuth) correspondence based on bi-crystalstructure ofarrays. However,it was not easy to com pareourconstruction with theclassicalone.ThepointisthattheclassicalRSKcorrespondence usesthe bum ping (orsliding)procedure (see,forexam ple [4,10]), while our array construction is done via condensation operations. Recent papers [1,5,7,6]show connectionsofthisissue with the Dodgson rule forcalculation of determ inants.Roughlyspeaking,theRSK-correspondenceisatropicalization ofthe Dodgson rule.To m akethisstatem entrigorousisoneofthegoalsofthispaper. W e startwith an \algebraic" RSK-correspondence due to Noum iand Yam ada [7]. Given a m atrix X ,we consider a pyram idalarray ofsolid m inors ofX . It turns out that this array satis es an algebraic variant ofoctahedron recurrence. The m ain observation is that this array can also be constructed with the help of som e square 'genetic'array. Forexam ple,ifa 'genetic'array is positive then the correspondingm atrixX istotallypositive.Furtherm ore,anytotallypositivem atrix can beobtained by thisway ([1]). Nextwetropicalizethisalgebraicconstruction and considerT-polarized pyram idalarrays(thatisarrayssatisfying octahedralrelations).Asa resultwegetseveral bijections,viz: a)a linear bijection between non-negative arrays and superm odular functions;b) a piecewise linear bijection between superm odular functions and the so called infra-m odular functions;c) a linear bijection between infra-m odular functions and plane partitions. A com position ofthese bijections yields a bijection between non-negativearraysand planepartitionscoinciding with them odi ed RSK-correspondencede ned in [2]. The paperisorganized asfollows. In Section 2 we presentan algebraic version ofthe octahedron recurrence (OR).In Section 3 we consider tropically polarized


The paper examines the impact of selected macroeconomic variables on the Indian stock market. The macroeconomic variables used in the study are interest rate, exchange rate, index of industrial production (IIP) and gold price. BSE Sensex is used as proxy for Indian stock market. We have used the monthly data for all the variables from January 2001 to December 2016. Regression analysis and Granger Causality test is used to establish the relationship between the stock market and macroeconomic variables. The results show significant impact of only exchange rate on stock returns. All the other variables have shown insignificant impact on the stock market returns. The results of Granger causality test show unidirectional relationship between exchange rate and stock prices and bi-directional relation between IIP and SENSEX.


Silicon, the main material of microelectronics, is predominantly composed of nuclei with zero spin and is characterised by weak spin-orbit interaction in the conduction band. This insures long distance spin propagation through the bulk, which in combination with a possibility of injecting spin at room temperature [2] makes fabrication of spin-based switching devices in the near future feasible. However, the experimentally observed enhancement in spin relaxation in electrically gated lateral-channel silicon structur es [3] is an obstacle and a deeper understanding of fundamental spin relaxation mechanisms in silicon MOSFETs is urgently needed.


This study aims to (1) describe the author's socio-historical background in Genduk's novel by Sundari Mardjuki, (2) to describe the structure that built the novel Genduk by Sundari Mardjuki in terms of feminist literature, (3) Describe the gender aspect contained in the novel Genduk Karya Sundari Mardjuki Feminist Literature, (4) describes the implementation of gender aspect in Genduk novel as a literary learning in high school. The method used is descriptive qualitative with the object of research in the form of gender aspect in the novel Genduk Sundari Mardjuki work with the object of research text of Genduk novel by Sundari Mardjuki published by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama as 232 pages thick. Techniques of collecting data using library techniques, see and note. Data validation technique used is theory triangulation technique. Data analysis techniques use semiotic reading method. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded as follows: (1) Sundosi Mardjuki sosiohistoris background, a sastwaran who raised the struggle of one's life as the theme in each of his work and incorporated the Javanese cultural values in his work; (2) structurally, Genduk is a mixed groove. The character in the novel consists of the main character, Genduk and the additional characters Yung, Lik Ngadun, Kaji Bawon, Kaduk, Sapto and Bu As. The time frame occurred in 1964 until the 1970s. The social background is the life of tobacco farmers in Ringinsari Village, the slopes of Sindoro Mountain, Temanggung, Central Java. Background of the place occurred in Ringinsari Village, the slopes of Mount Sindoro, Temanggung, Central Java and Parakan Town, Temanggung, Central Java (3) gender aspect in Genduk novel there are five gender aspects, (a) gender and marginalization of women, (b) (c) gender and steorotype, (d) gender and violence, (e) gender and workload. (4) The results of the study can be implemented in literary learning in high school in class XII second semester with core competencies 3. Understanding knowledge (factual, conceptual, procedural) based on his curiosity about science, technology, art, culture related to phenomena and occurrences of visible eyes . Basic competencies 3.3 analyze historical text stories, news, advertisements, editorials / opinions, and fiction stories in the novel either through oral or written. Based on Genduk's novel analysis by Sundari Mardjukiaspek, gender encourages students to behave and instill mutual respect for each other and not differentiate between one another's positions.


The NiTPP-C60 large-area single-crystal arrays photodetector, which combines the excellent light absorption properties of porphyrin and the good electron transport properties of fullerenes, shows a fast light response and high responsivity.


Least squares regression (LSR) has two main issues that greatly limits the improvement of performance: 1) The target matrix is too rigid leading to a large regression error; 2) the underlying geometric structure of the training data is often ignored to learn a more discriminative projection matrix. To solve these dilemmas, this paper presents a discriminant and sparsity based least squares regression with l1 regularization (DS_LSR). In DS_LSR, the sparse coefficient matrix of the training data with l1 regularization is jointly learned with the projection matrix to make the projection matrix discriminative. In addition, an orthogonal relaxed term is introduced to hold the structure of regression targets while relaxing the rigid label matrix. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in classification accuracy.


The use of a strong anion exchange resin (Spectra/Gel IE 1x8) as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) ions from synthetic wastewater solutions has been studied.Initial Cr(VI) ions concentrations in batch tests ranged from 25 to 300 mg/L. Various factors impacting Cr(VI) adsorption, such as solution pH, Cr(VI) and adsorbent concentrations, and contact time, were investigated. The results showed that Cr(VI) was successfully retained by the resin. For initial Cr(VI) concentrations up to 100 mg/L, equilibrium was reached in 30 minutes. The equilibrium data for adsorption of Cr(VI) was fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, however, the Langmuir isotherm model was shown to be more suitable for Cr(VI) adsorption, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 173.8 mg/g. The adsorption process followed second order kinetics. After three regeneration cycles, the resin was regenerated with 4M NaOH as an eluent and retained a Cr(VI) adsorption effectiveness of more than 83%.


From 22 May to 4 June Montreal hosted two important theatre festivals: the 16th Festival québécois du jeune théâtre and the first Festival de théâtre des Amériques. In all, the festivals offered some 24 different shows, close to 100 performances, and more than 400 artists at work in a dozen performance halls, outside stages, workshops and panels. Six special events were planned to complement the festival activity: a conference of women in theatre in the Americas called The Next Stage, organized by Rina Fraticelli and Joanne Gormley; an International colloquium on theatre criticism organized by the Jeu collective; a series of morning seminars about the work being presented; a workshop on the techniques of the Theatre of the Oppressed with Brazil's Augusto Boal; a workshop with Théâtre Repère from Quebec City; and a special program of films about theatre and culture at the Cinémathèque québécoise focusing on the work of the Living Theatre. Attendance at Festival shows exceeded 95 percent, surpassing even the most optimistic expectations of festival organizers Marie-Hélène Falcon and Jacques Vézina. Audiences flocked to see not only Quebec and Canadian theatre, but work from Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, and the United States that rarely Is performed north of the 49th parallel.


The SARS-CoV 2 pandemic, since its origin in China as a cluster of pneumonia cases, had reached almost every part of the world and had killed more than one million people worldwide [1]. The case fatality differs substantially between countries along with the number of symptomatic patients, sequelae of the disease and those who require intensive lifecare support. Such a perceived difference can be attributed to macroecological dissimilarities like the general well-being of the population and a more extent, its demographic structure. The demographic characteristics, most notably the age structure and population density, has important implications in the spread of infectious diseases [2,3]. Like most of the infectious diseases we have known so far, COVID-19 is seen more severely in groups like the elderly and those with comorbidities [4,5]. Robustness of the health system and abundance of resources might have helped the western countries to report proportionately a greater number of cases. However huge proportion of elderly population in these countries might have contributed to higher reporting of severe illness and deaths in these countries [6].


Quantification of plasma levels of an early and late intermediate on the cholesterol pathway, mevalonic acid (MVA) and lathosterol respectively, provides a useful method of estimating cholesterol synthesis in humans. The aim of this study was to assess further their roles as indices of cholesterol synthesis under non‐steady‐state conditions.


The numerous and unusual technical features of the Square Butte HVDC Transmission System are discussed. This is the U.S.'s first all-solid-state HVDC system and transmits power 464 miles from a ''mine-mouth'' generating plant near lignite coal fields in Center, N.D. to a terminal near Duluth, Mn. The transformers, converter valves, DC filters, control equipment, protection devices, and power line conductors and towers are described. The project was completed on time, within budget, and has better than the required performance. The system's advantages for inter-regional power grid systems are emphasized. (LCL)


When thinking about Brexit, it is important to dive into the preexisting social borders among those who lived in pre-Brexit Britain. These social borders are represented in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Stephen Frears's Dirty Pretty Things. These works not only convey these social divisions between neighbors, but also reveal the cultural circumstances that led up to the vote for Brexit. In this essay, I highlight how these texts work to do just that.


The ethical challenges facing us at present have shown the limits of the currently dominating types of ethics which are focues on rules and principles. Accordingly, approaches to an ethics based on the concepts of virtue and the good life have regained significance for the philosophical debate. As a consequence, there has also been a resurgence of the debate of the role of the concept of human nature in ethics. These are the issues which stimulate this collection of papers by American, British and German scholars - a collection that combines historical investigation in ancient and medieval ethics of virtues and happiness with contributions to the contemporary ethical debate. The list of contributors includes: S. Blackburn, D. Bradley, M. Forschner, Ch. Gill, L. Honnefelder, R. Hursthouse, K. Jacobi, Ch. Kahn, A. Muller, M. Seel, L. Siep, E. Stump and G. Wieland.


To investigate the characteristics of dewatered clay lump ground, a part of revetment backfill was constructed by a trial construction. The dewatered clay lump was the recycle material which was produced from dredged marine clay. In this paper, the construction procedure is outlined, and the density of backfill and compressibility and shear strength behavior of dewatered clay lump ground are described.


Centria University of Applied Sciences Date December 2019 Author Germaine Youkam Chuba Degree Programme Nursing Name of thesis COMMON CHALLENGES FACED BY FOREIGN NURSING STUDENTS IN FINLAND: A literature review Instructor Katja Heikkiniemi Pages 34+3 Supervisor Anita Hollanti The purpose of this thesis was to explore the challenges faced by foreign nursing students in Finland. The aim was to provide some possible solutions that can help foreign nursing students to cope with the common challenges faced during their nursing studies in Finland. In addition, this would serve as a guide for foreign nursing students during their study and stay in Finland in the nearest future. A literature review was used by the author to conduct this research. Scientific articles were taken from Science Direct (Elsevier), EBSCOhost, SAGE Premier. Researches from Finnish researchers were also included in the selected sources. Qualitative content analyzing with deductive method was implemented to analyze the research findings. The study revealed that, foreign nursing students in Finland are faced with many common challenges during their studies. These challenges are language and communication, socio-cultural, psychological, clinical competence assessment and time management. Language and communication were identified as the major problem for the challenges faced by foreign nursing students in Finland. The study further indicated some possible solutions to help foreign nursing students to be able to cope with the challenges faced to pursue a nursing career in Finland. These include adaptation to the environment, coping with loneliness. Adequate language competence was identified as a breakthrough for most of the challenges faced by foreign nursing students in Finland.


We prove many new cases of the strong Artin conjecture for two-dimensional, totally odd, insoluble (icosahedral) representations Gal(F/F ) → GL2(C) of the absolute Galois group of a totally real field F . 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11G80, 11F33, 11F41, 14G22, 14G35


A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique has been employed to examine the detergency process involved when solid organic soils are removed from hard surfaces by surfactants. Experiments have been designed to focus on real time monitoring of the physicochemical aspects of detergency. Two model soils, tripalmitin and dotriacontane, have been investigated. Water absorption by the model soils has been monitored, through the change in resonance frequency of the coated crystal, as a function of time of immersion in high purity water solutions. Water and surfactant absorption and the rate of removal of the model soils upon immersion of the coated QCM crystal in aqueous surfactant solutions have also been monitored. Specifically, results obtained with the surfactants pentaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E5) and octaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12E8) have shown that the QCM technique can be employed to identify several distinct stages in the soil removal process and to rank surfactants in t...


Abstract : Transient heat conduction problems with time dependent boundary conditions or coupled heat transfer effects for a semi-infinite solid with a plane boundary surface are studied. Some examples are developed and the results are compared, when possible, with the exact or approximate solutions obtained by other authors. (Author)


A significant health problem in children, hepatobiliary disorders include anatomic disorders (biliary atresia, choledochal cyst), autoimmune diseases (autoimmune hepatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis), viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, delta agent, E), metabolic liver diseases and drug-induced hepatic toxicity. Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA), which affects 1 in 8,000 to 1 in 15,000 children, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children with gastrointestinal (GI) or liver disease. EHBA is characterized by fibroobliterative destruction of all or part of the extrahepatic biliary system. The etiology of EHBA is not known. Putative factors include viral infections, a genetic predisposition, immune-mediated cholangiopathy and developmental defects. Two consensus conferences have been convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to focus on extrahepatic biliary atresia (1,2). Although significant progress has clearly been made in the care of children with EHBA, the field nevertheless is only "halfway there" (3). EHBA is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the pediatric age group (4). Even though patients have relatively high survival rates as a result of management with hepatoportoenterostomy or liver transplantation (5,6), much remains to be done before the highest quality of care can be attained. Acute liver failure. In most pediatric series, 10% of liver transplantations are performed in patients with acute liver failure. As such, between 50 and 75 children each year undergo liver transplantation for acute liver failure. In such patients, extensive hepatocyte damage has resulted in diminished liver synthetic function and encephalopathy. The condition is considered fulminant when the patient has no prior history of liver disease. Depending on the definition of acute liver failure, estimates of the incidence of this disorder range from 200 to 1000 cases each year in the US pediatric population. Viral hepatitis and drug toxicity can cause acute liver failure in children, but in many pediatric cases, the cause is unknown. The case-fatality rate for idiopathic fulminant liver failure associated with encephalopathy can reach 90%. Current therapy is limited to supportive care and liver transplantation. Chronic viral hepatitis affects more than 300,000 children in North America. As many as 150,000 have chronic hepatitis C (HCV); yet we know little about the natural history nor is there effective therapy for pediatric patients. Worldwide, the most common form of acute and chronic hepatitis is hepatitis B (HBV). In the US alone, 150,000 new cases are estimated each year, and about 1 million people are chronically infected with HBV. Children are much more prone to develop chronic HBV if they acquire an acute infection prior to 1 year of age. Consequently, childhood infection accounts for a disproportionate number of chronically infected individuals with HBV. Most children chronically infected with HBV will not respond to currently available therapy. The incidence of hepatitis A peaks in children between the ages of 5 and 14 years, reaching 17 per 100,000 population (7). In 1997 a total of 30,000 cases of hepatitis A were reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in the US. About 7% of all children and adolescents with hepatitis A were hospitalized, resulting in an average cost of $1500 per case. Metabolic pathways in the liver. The liver is not physiologically mature at birth. The metabolism of bilirubin is not fully developed, and numerous pathways for the disposition of drugs and toxins are still immature. While some metabolic pathways are the focus of active research, interactions between the developing liver and exposure to drugs and toxins in the environment have not been well studied. With recent advances in our understanding of hepatic drug metabolism, the stage is set for a developmental approach to investigations of adverse effects of medications and the role of the liver. A major limitation in addressing key clinical questions has been the relatively small numbers of patients cared for at any given center. Assessment of treatment approaches and development of trial designs are predicated Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 35:S268–S274 © October 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., Philadelphia


The paper presents a simple low cost variable speed drive using stator neutral switching of squirrel cage induction motors. The scheme is suitable for typical f i n , pump and compressor load applications. The scheme can be utilized as soft starter as well as speed control. The scheme can also be supplemented with on-line efficiency enhancement regulating loops to ensure electrical energy conservation.


In this paper we give a state space solution to the H-/H∞ fault detection (FD) problem for linear time invariant dynamic systems. An H-/H∞ FD filter minimizes the sensitivity of the residual signal to disturbances while maintaining a minimum level of sensitivity to faults. We provide a state space realization of the optimal filter in an observer form via the solution of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to illustrate the algorithm


Graphic novels are an increasingly popular format that educators can use as a tool to teach reading and writing skills across the K–12 curriculum. This article describes a project in which incarcerated youths collaborated with a graphic illustrator to create a graphic novel about teens dealing with issues related to HIV/AIDS. The graphic novel is currently being used as an HIV/AIDS education and prevention tool for teens. The article examines the impact that creating a graphic novel had on the literacy lives of the young authors, as well as the ways it is currently being used with teens in two states. The authors present qualitative data from their observations of and interviews with the students who created the graphic novel. Further, the article provides information on how educators can teach students to create their own comics and graphic novels.


The article presents the findings of a recent longitudinal study that compares student perception of instruction scores between online and regular classes. Participants in the study were campus-based traditional undergraduate students enrolled at a large public U.S. university. The findings suggest that student perceptions of course participation are influenced by matters of convenience. The article concludes with relevant implications for educators who design and teach web-based courses to traditional undergraduate students.


The understanding in the way how healthcare organization operates reveals fundamental problems in the infrastructure and synergy of processes which hinders healthcare organizations to achieve an unprecedented performance in high quality of care. HRM is determined as a key asset to integrate efficient operations by having line managers implementing HR practices in its intended way. Despite the efforts to achieve an alignment throughout the organizational levels, the study of Bos-Nehles (2010) reveals five main factors that are responsible for major discrepancies in the real implementation of HR practices with incisive effects on the efficiency of the practices in the private sector.

This study contributes to the problem by analysing in detail the five main reasons stated by Bos-Nehles for the differences in the implementation process of HR practices particularly in the healthcare sector. The research focuses on a hospital over a period of 30th May to 11th June 2016, using three semi-structured interviews conducted with a HR manager and two line managers and analysed by a specific coding scheme.
This methodology enables to elaborate the effect of the five factors on the day-to day implementation process of line managers and the difficulties to its intended execution. The outcome of the study shows the lack of capacity and clarity in policies and procedures as the major factors that impact the implementation process of line managers, while some lack in desire of the line managers and support by HR are determined as valid but less important factors.


In order to propose an intensive reading throughout the poetic of Conceicao Lima and pursue the subtle marks of identity, memory, affection and hometown reconstruction or the return to the original place or even the affection place where Lima wanders, it is vital to travel through the home of herself, exactly through the poetic of the piece O utero da casa (2004); since in A dolorosa raiz do micondo (2008) the sense of identity and the search for the Africanity -- not only for Sao Tome and Principe - has been widened towards a more collective than intimate, more African than from San Tome, and in O pais de Akendengue (2011) this poetess sings her relationship with Africa and the people who were born from their encounter with Arts, friends, affective and political references and, above all, she puts into verses/songs her musical reference, the Gabonese Pierre Akendengue. Her first work - although not the poetess's first literary manifestation -, is taken as the starting point: a reunion of poetry that is a type of intimate account of the parturition of the Nation and also of the Personalities hovering over the land and their mythical references.


AIM:To investigate the impact of MDR1C3435T,CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism on serum digoxin concentration in Chinese Han patients with chronic heart failure.METHODS:Drug concentration data of digoxin for a group of 111unrelated Chinese Han patients with chronic heart failure were retrospectively collected after them taken therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM)of digoxin.And their genotypes of MDR1C3435T,CYP3A4*18Band CYP3A5*3 alleles were determined by PCR-RFLP method.We investigated the effect of MDR1C3435T,CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism on serum digoxin concentration.RESULTS:In old people(older than 70years),the serum digoxin concentration in MDR1CC3435 and MDR1TT3435 vs.MDR1TT3435 groups showed a significant difference(P0.05);But there was no statistical difference on the serum digoxin concentration with CYP3A4*18Bor CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:The effect of MDR1C3435T genetic polymorphism increased the serum digoxin concentration;CYP3A4*18B or CYP3A5*3 genetic polymorphism may have no significant effect on the serum digoxin concentration.


Crude oil is considered as a major source of energy all over the world. Midstream refers to the various methods of transportation. Important issues that oil transportation methods face are spills and inadvertent emissions. Therefore, most of the technology developments in transportation methods are aimed at reducing emissions, increasing efficiency, or preventing spills and leaks. Piping systems are the safest and most efficient and cost-effective way for crude oil transportation. The process suffers from serious problems such as: asphaltene and paraffin structures interactions, pipes pressure drop, and high pumping energy consumption. One of the economical important challenges in oil pipeline transportation is to keep the flowability and reduce the pressure drop along the pipe. The current review highlights the recent and most development techniques which have been used to enhance the fluidity of crude oil in pipelines.


We introduce a vertical polymer phototransistor with low operational voltage (−1.5 V). A blended polymer layer with both acceptor and donor materials was used as a channel material in the vertical space-charge-limited transistor. Under illumination, we obtained external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 360% at 620 nm. We propose the effects of base-field shielding as a means to explain high EQE. This proposition has been supported by two-dimensional simulation of the device.


This paper presents the issues and concerns being addressed by the Independent Assessment Office to prepare for Increment 1 of the International Space Station (ISS) Program. Increment 1 begins with Flight 2R and concludes when ISS-5A.1 reaches orbit a total of six flights. Independent Assessment is responsible for identifying and specifying technical and programmatic risks that may impact development, launch, and on-orbit assembly and operations of the ISS during this time period.


One of the paramount aspects of acquiring a language is mastering the vocabulary. One way to enrich our vocabulary is by familiarizing ourselves with word formation process. This study aimed to investigate students' familiarity with a word formation process called conversion. This was a descriptive quantitative study. Using Google Forms, the researchers distributed a questionnaire containing statements on conversion to collect data. The participants were 10 first year students of the English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. The researchers calculated the students' correct and incorrect answers. Results showed that most of the students were unfamiliar with conversion, one of the word formation processes, especially the conversion involving verbs to nouns (50%) and adjectives to nouns (50%). Most students were knowledgeable about the conversion from nouns to verbs (80%). One of the implications is that ELESP students study conversion, one of the word formation processes in English, to enrich their vocabulary items.


Cultural traditions is not formed within a short time, but formed for a long time by creating and preserving culture. Jindo has secured tradition as Yulhyang, that is, the hometown of melody and rhythm for a long time, and Jindo folk song is based on the tradition of Yulhyang, which are distinctive cultural characteristics from other regions. Although it is true that Folksong is a kind of art containing locality, it is difficult to find out unique aesthetic characteristics distinct from other regions. Nevertheless, a distinctive element can be found when considering the entire Jindo Folksongs, whose aesthetic characteristic is 'amusement'. In addition, the unique characteristic of Jindo people is extraordinary affection for songs. They love songs, so they voluntarily invite a teacher to learn songs and the teacher teaches songs for free of charge. Both the teacher and the learners do this because they are pleasant. The characteristics of Jindo people who have overcome sorrow and hardship of life with amusement and songs accord with 'Wiping away Tears with a Laugh' proposed as the characteristic of the Korean culture by Kim Dae-haeng. 'Wiping away Tears with a Laugh' is meaningful in a sense that sadness is blocked and further transformed into a new situation through causing a laugh in a sad situation by intentional linguistic efforts. Lastly, another characteristic of Jindo Folksong is that it is transmitted as a living reality culture in the lives of the local people, not as a remaining culture. This is because Jindo people recreated Jindo Folksong according to changes in reality. In order for Jindo to function as the ethos of the region, it should be firmly secure the status as an owner of Folksong by enriching own life more valuably through Folksong like a traditional way, not being led by cultural properties or sticking to a power struggle focusing on cultural properties.


The utility model discloses a mechanism for controlling the steering, blade pitching and braking of wind power equipment. The mechanism comprises a hydraulic power unit, a major oil channel, an auxiliary oil channel, a yawing unit, a parking brake unit, a blade pitching unit and a safety brake unit, wherein, the major and the auxiliary oil channels are connected with the hydraulic power unit, the yawing unit, the parking brake unit, the blade pitching unit and the safety brake unit are connected on the major and the minor oil channels. The mechanism can control the steering, the blade pitching and the safety braking of the wind power equipment, thereby facilitating the improvement on the power generation efficiency of the wind power generation equipment, the operating safety of the equipment as well as convenient maintenance of the equipment.


The superionic composite glass, (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 has been succesfully synthesized by melt quenching method. The crystall structure of coin type composite glass at various pressure of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 have been measured by using an X-ray Difractometer at PTBIN-BATAN. The X-ray difraction pattern shows some Bragg peaks correspond to the crystaline γ-AgI. The increasing of pressure result the peaks become broaden and shift to the lower angle. This indicates that the crystal size is decreasing and the microstrain is increasing. Three strong peaks at (111), (220) and (311) have been analyzed by using a Gaussian Fitting. Based on calculation, crystal size (D) of (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 at pressures of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 are 1114 A, 13165 A and 7240 A respectively, while microstrain values (η) are 4 x 10-3 (1), 7.5 x 10-3 (4) and 8 x 10-3 (4). The composite glass (AgI)0.7(AgPO3)0.3 crystal structures at pressures of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 have been analyzed by using a Rietveld method. The refinement results show that the peaks correspond to γ-AgI phase with a symmetry space group F-4 3 m No. 216, FCC, with the lattice constant namely 6.518(3), 6.508(3) and 6.506Ǻ(2) at a pressure of 100, 300 and 700 kg/cm2 respectively. The increasing of microstrain (η), and crystal size (D) and the decreasing of lattice constant (a) will increase the ionic mobility, thus increasing the ionic conductivity. The function of pressure on melt γ-AgI phase into glass matrix AgPO3 decreases the lattice constant and the crystal size, cause the increasing of microstrain broadening and ionic conductivity


Messrs. Baron and Boschee challenge detractors of outcome-based education, who, they maintain, have misrepresented the characteristics of this promising school reform effort. OUTCOME-BASED education (OBE) has emerged from the restructuring movement as one of the most promising, yet controversial, school reform efforts. OBE proposes directing all of a school's programs and instructional efforts toward the achievement of clearly defined outcomes that all learners must demonstrate by the time they leave school. As a learner-centered, results-oriented instructional strategy, the primary goal of OBE is to enhance the probability of success for every learner. Regardless of the specific instructional approaches employed, any OBE program should: * clearly identify what an individual is to learn; * base each learner's progress on demonstrated achievement; * accommodate each learner's needs through multiple instructional strategies and assessment techniques; and * provide sufficient time and assistance for each learner to realize his or her potential. While a growing number of school districts report success with OBE and its popularity increases among the nation's educators, opposition to it continues to grow within certain segments of the general public. Led by conservative religious and citizens' groups, opponents believe that the inevitable results of pursuing OBE will be continued academic decline, morally offensive textbooks, burgeoning school crime, and psychologically manipulative curricula. Some, in fact, go much further in their criticism by suggesting that OBE is part of a conspiracy to restructure America's traditional system of values. For example, in the conservative publication The New American, William Jasper suggests that "it is becoming frighteningly clear that educational reform through OBE is a major part of a sweeping Orwellian plan to radically restructure all of American society along revolutionary socialist lines from top to bottom."(1) In an attempt to alert the public to the impending dangers of OBE, detractors have perpetuated numerous myths and half-truths. Below, we discuss some of the more prevalent myths that must be challenged if the promise of OBE is to be realized. Myth 1. OBE leads to lower academic achievement because it overemphasizes the teaching of values and attitudes. Perhaps the greatest criticism leveled at OBE is that it fails to emphasize the development of basic academic skills. Critics contend that OBE neglects reading, writing, and mathematics in favor of a behaviorally oriented instructional program that concentrates on shaping values and attitudes rather than developing knowledge of academic subject matter. They argue that graduates of OBE programs will be neither intellectually nor morally equipped to face the challenges that await them in the "real world." In truth, every state and school district that implements OBE intends to raise academic standards for all learners by creating conditions and learning experiences that will help all students realize their full potential. Learners will be graded on how well they perform in all academic subject areas rather than on how much seat time they accrue. For example, in Pennsylvania, high school graduation will require students to demonstrate high levels of proficiency in nine specific content areas, including mathematics, arts and humanities, citizenship, communication, wellness and fitness, environment and ecology, science and technology, career education and work, and home economics. Numerous school districts have reported increased student achievement following the implementation of OBE. For example, students in the Johnson City Central School District in New York have scored above national norms on the California Achievement Tests by margins that have grown larger each year since 1977. Moreover, since the Frederick County (Maryland) School District adopted an outcome-based approach in 1986, students there have begun performing well above the statewide average on annual performance tests. …


From the meaning of the electronic preprints,in this paper,the connotation of e-print resources in academic exchanges and the role of academic development were expounded an then the present situation and problems of the e-print resources were discussed.Finally,the direction of the e-print archive in China was pointed out.


s psychology enters the 21st century, this young scientific discipline finds itself at a watershed. Developments in molecular genetics, developmental and comparative embryology, and neuroscience over the last few decades have greatly enhanced our understanding of how biology is related to behavior. Furthermore, significant advances in conceptual and theoretical frameworks have allowed for the beginning of a synthesis of biological level factors with interpersonal and social ecological factors. Coupling these theoretical advances with increased computing power and powerful analytic methodologies, ranging from structural equation approaches to nonlinear dynamics and complex systems theory, has resulted in a psychology at the precipice of a major paradigmatic shift. In reading the works of Zing-Yang Kuo in the context of such an auspicious time for psychology we hearken to the words of a learned professor to his young graduate student: "if you want new ideas, read old books," for Kuo's work in many instances presages the cutting edge advances in developmental and comparative psychology. Indeed, much of his writing is so contemporary and salient one may forget that much of it was written nearly a century ago. Kuo began his career at a time when sciences such as biology and psychology were in their infancy and flush with a superfluity of new and competing philosophical and theoretical ideas. In biology, the full force of Darwinian evolution by descent was taking shape and the rediscovery of Mendel's work was leading towards the neo-Darwinian modern synthesis. Prominent scientists such as Woodger (1929) and Needham (1929) were developing a uniquely biological philosophy. On the horizon were similar efforts by psychologists. Kuo's writings fall into two distinct periods. The first ranges from the early 1920's to the late 1930's. During this time, most of Kuo's writings focused on general philosoFrom Past to Future, Vol. 2(2), From Instinct to Epigenesis: Lessons from Zing-Yang Kuo, pp. 13-37.


The present invention is formed by, the method is a semiconductor substrate including a cell region and a peripheral circuit region including a select transistor region is provided, a conductive film for on the semiconductor substrate a tunnel insulating film and the floating gate of the manufacturing method of the flash memory device step, a step of forming the floating gate conductive film, the tunnel insulating film, and a step of etching the semiconductor substrate to form an element-separating trench, the isolation film filling for the device isolation trench with an insulating film for, and the cell region and then PCL to form a mask on the peripheral circuit region, and a step of controlling the EFH by etching the top end of the device isolation film. Selection transistors, the gate pattern, the substrate damage


India's IT Sector is growing rapidly and is expected to enjoy even greater growth opportunities in the future. Corporate Finance has been the subject matter of coherent connotations among the researchers, corporate managers and practitioners ever since the evolution of corporate finance theory. Distinguished scholars, who visited the theory of capital budgeting, capital structure, cost of capital, capitalization, dividend policy and working capital of the firm, have come out with a number of recommendations that are of paramount understanding to budding researchers. In this paper, we have discussed the role of financial services sector in Indian economy and corporate investment practices of IT industry in India.


The reaction mechanism of 2-methyl-1,3-cis-butadiene with benzaldehyde catalyzed by Ni(I) was studied using the density functional theory at B3LY P/6-31+G* level.The geometric configurations of reactants,intermediates,transition states and products were optimized.Nature bond orbital(NBO) and atoms in molecules(AIM) theories were used to discuss the bond nature and orbital interactions at the same levels.Two possible reaction pathways,IA and IB,were investigated and their activation energies of the limiting steps are 64.20 and 51.63 kJ·mol-1,respectively.The reaction is the rate determining step.From the above results,it can be seen that throughout the course of the reaction the IA and IB channels occur at the same time,but the IB channel has lower activation energy.So IB channel is the main reaction channel in the whole reaction.These points are in agreement with the experimental results.


This paper is an attempt to demonstrate the syntactic behavior of -ly adverbs and -ly adjectives. It mainly deals with -ly as an inflectional suffix that forms adverbs and adjectives It is hypothesized that there are differences between adjective-forming –ly and adverb-forming –ly.The researcher first made general and specific observations about the morphological processes of -ly adverbs and -ly adjectives. Since the study focuses on a linguistic phenomenon, its data is a set of -ly adverbs and -ly adjectives used as examples to support the hypothesis. The importance of studying the syntactic behavior of -ly stems from the fact that thousands of English adjectives and adverbs are created by adding the suffix "-ly" to their roots. Despite the fact that both adjective-forming –ly and adverb-forming –ly bring about new words and they occur at the end of the word's root, there are still striking differences related to the occurrence and morphological derivation.
 In conclusion, adjectives and adverbs that are made by adding adjective- and adverb-forming –ly to bases called "nouns or adjectives" are plentiful in English. Words known as de-nominal adjectives, de-adjectival adverbs, and de-adjectival adjectives are the products of this morphological process.


The author reports on a test programme to examine the effects on the properties of concrete of fly ash (pfa) conforming to the new European standard, BS EN 450, which allows the use of a broader range of material than is permitted in the existing British Standard, BD 3892, Part 1.


Findings from a research synthesis of the relationships between family needs and parent, family, and child functioning are reported. The synthesis included 31 studies conducted in 12 different countries. The studies were conducted between 1987 and 2021 and included 4,543 participants. Eight different family needs scales or adaptations of the scales were completed by the study participants (mothers, fathers, or grandmothers of children with developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, or medical conditions). The outcome measures included caregiver psychological health, parenting stress, parenting burden, parenting beliefs, family coping strategies, family functioning, family support, and child functioning. The correlations between family needs and the outcome measures were used as the sizes of effects for evaluating the strength of the relationships between measures. Results showed that unmet family needs were associated with more negative and less positive family and family member functioning and fewer unmet family needs were associated with more positive and less negative family and family member functioning. The sizes of effect for parenting stress and burden were larger than were the sizes of effects for each of the other outcome measures. Child condition and study quality moderated the relationship between family needs and parenting stress and burden but not the other outcome measures. The results are discussed in terms of one component of family systems intervention models.


This article defines the concept of relocating the program part of a finite partial state of SCM (data part stays intact). The relocated program differs from the original program in that all jump instructions are adjusted by the relocation factor and other instructions remain unchanged. The main theorem states that if a program computes a function then the relocated program computes the same function, and vice versa.


The article is devoted to contemporary Norwegian and Finnish sculpture, which evidently show the close, mutually complementary connections of architecture, art and nature. The presented art projects in park spaces can be inspired by architectural themes (e.g., Finnish Sibelius – monumentti in Helsinki, art. Eila Hiltunen, Portal in Vigeland Park in Oslo, art. Bård Breivik) while in the defined architectural space, they can constitute sensual elements activating places and introducing narration (e.g. Norwegian Havmannen in Mo and Rana as well as English The Broken Column in Stavan -ger, art. Antony Gormley, Bobby – Finnish Toripolliisi in Oulu, art. Kaarlo Mikkonen, Jenter i Vinden in Narvik, art. Tone Thiis Schetne, Hjallis in Trondheim, art. Per Ung, Scream from nature in Oslo, art. Lise Wulff) or accentuating important boundaries of architectural space which is visible in the following works: Ajan Kulku in Oulu: The Course of Time, Finn Eirik Modahl in Sarpsborg: Genesis (spatial and temporal boundary), Bård Breivik in Lillehammer: portal and aquatic forms, Kristian Blystad in Oslo: tectonics of the roof of the National Theatre, Opera and Ballet, by Bjarne Melgraad in Oslo: A House To Die In (the boundary between sacrum and profanum).


The plethora of changes that have taken place in policy formulations on higher education in recent years in Greece has led to unification, the abolition of departments or technological educational institutions (TEI) and mergers at universities. As a result, many students are required to complete their studies in departments of the abolished TEI. Dropout or a delay in graduation is a significant problem that results from newly joined students at the university, in addition to the provision of studies. There are various reasons for this, with student performance during studies being one of the major contributing factors. This study was aimed at predicting the time required for weak students to pass their courses so as to allow the university to develop strategic programs that will help them improve performance and graduate in time. This paper presents various components of educational data mining incorporating a new state-of-the-art strategy, called AutoML, which is used to find the best models and parameters and is capable of predicting the length of time required for students to pass their courses using their past course performance and academic information. A dataset of 23,687 "Computer Networking" module students was used to train and evaluate the classification of a model developed in the KNIME Analytics (open source) data science platform. The accuracy of the model was measured using well-known evaluation criteria, such as precision, recall, and F-measure. The model was applied to data related to three basic courses and correctly predicted approximately 92% of students' performance and, specifically, students who are likely to drop out or experience a delay before graduating.


PURPOSE:This retrospective study was to evaluate the factors associated to titanium plate fracture or loose in mandibular reconstruction with two different methods.METHODS:129 patients treated during 2002-2005 with mandible segmental resection and reconstruction were followed up.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the methods of reconstruction.78 patients were reconstructed by bone graft and 51 were reconstructed by reconstruction plate bridging alone.10 cases with fractured or loosed titanium plates were enrolled in the study.The fixation failure occurred from one to thirty months postoperatively.The reconstruction methods include 8 cases with reconstruction titanium plate bridging,1 case with vascularized fibular flap and 1 case with vascularized iliac flap reconstruction.SAS 6.12 software package was used for one-way ANOVA.RESULTS:The incidence of fixation failure was 7.75% in this series.Statistically significant difference was noted between the plate bridging and bone graft(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Titanium plate bridging for mandible reconstruction is more likely to experience failure than plate used for reconstruction combined with bone graft. Mandible reconstruction with bone graft immediately or in secondary stage when the local and general conditions are permitted is effective for preventing these complications.


The paper presents a model of ionic conduction in the Bakelite-based RPC detectors. This model explains why these detectors need to add water while they operate. The electrode current, according to the presented model, is formed mainly by the ionic sequence involving the phenol impurities left in the Bakelite and water, both left from the initial production. Similar ionic process is present in the Linseed oil polymer, where the current is carried by the fatty acid molecular impurities and by water. The Bakelite RPC operation requires the entire ionic sequence to operate smoothly to keep the electrode resistance constant.


We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to the compressible Euler equations for non-isentropic fluids in a domain Ω ⊂ R. We consider the case of general initial data. For a domain Ω, bounded or unbounded, we first prove the existence of classical solutions for a time independent of the small parameter. Then, in the exterior case, we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible Euler equations.


The research entailed the development of an online course for students at VCE level; the monitoring and interpretation of students' responses to learning in a virtual class based on telecommunications and the formulation of guidelines for effective practice in e-learning with students at school.


The U.S. period of economic hegemony was closely linked to the value system known as "the American Dream", which is currently being criticized throuhgout the world. The European Union, as an active economic force and an integral player in the leadership of the world, is also creating and promoting its own value system in several kinds of ways, in spite of the heterogeneity and internal contradictions that it often demonstrates. Considering these two alternatives, this article establishes a comparison between the so-called "American Dream" and the "European Dream", analysing their meanings and values, so as to finally consider the Canadian situation.


Community assembly of diverse mutualistic symbionts in host plants have
recently received much attention. On the other hand, for decades,
researchers have also focused on a role of genetic variation for shaping
ecological communities. However, it remains unclear how local
interaction networks between a host and symbionts are shaped from the
pool of genetically diverse microorganisms in the natural rhizosphere.
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed local and regional genetic
communities of Frankia in host individuals and in surrounding
soils using metabarcoding to unravel community assembly in shaping
interaction networks between plants and root nodule symbionts, both of
which are genetically diverse, in natural ecosystems. We found that
Frankia communities in rhizosphere soil were consisted of
tremendously diverse strains. The diverse Frankia communities in
rhizosphere soils were heterogeneously structured by the presence of
host individuals and soil nutritional status. Furthermore,
quantification of the filtering forces by community analysis
demonstrated that the filtering forces that shape symbiotic networks
would depend on genetic variation in the host plant. This study suggests
that filtering mechanisms and host genetics would have a profound role
in shaping plant-bacterium symbiotic networks in natural environments.


Summary:  A total of 50 Sprague‐Dawley adult male rats were used to compare the effects of intratesticular injection of 0.2 ml of hyperosmolar solutions of glycerol, glucose and NaCI with or without simultaneous treatment with indomethacin or dexamethasone. The hyperosmolar solutions caused a characteristic focal lesion with destruction of central testicular tissue as early as 12 hr after injection, and an inflammatory leukocytic halo present throughout the first week after injection. Neither anti‐inflammatory drug altered this lesion. We concluded that intratesticular sterilization by hyperosmolar solutions in not a viable means of male contraception.


The author points out in the article that the continuous expansion of business scale should mainly be attributed to economic policies.It is true that big firms may lead to economies of scale and dynamic efficiency,but the author argues that in the market condition in developing countries,rents from monopolization and government support will weaken the motivation of RD of big firms,and therefore the continuous expansion of big firms will not bring about dynamic efficiency.In order to achieve economies of scale and dynamic efficiency,the author suggests that government in developing countries should devote to create a stable business environment and a contestable market.


This research motivated by low student learning outcomes. To resolve the issue, given learning using the CRA approach. This research aims to find out student learning outcomes before using the CRA approach in mathematics subjects in Class IV MI Nurul Huda, also to find out student learning outcomes after using the CRA approach  in mathematics subjects in Class IV MI Nurul Huda District Paseh, Bandung Regency. The method used is classroom action research methods. This research was carried out in 2 cycles and four actions. Data collection techniques using observation, testing, interview and documentation. Data analysis uses statistics and observation sheets. Subjects consisted of 24 students, 14 women and 10 men. The results of data analysis concluded that (1) student learning outcomes before using the CRA approach were still low with an average value of 57. (2) The application of the CRA approach works well according to the stages. Teacher and student activities have increased in each cycle. (3) student learning outcomes after using the Talking Chips model have increased each cycle. The percentage of classical learning completeness in pre cycle 33% (less), cycle I was 58% (less), in cycle II was 92% (Very High).


The orientational relaxation process of the director nto its equilibrium orientation neq, in the Langmuir film, during the lateral compression, is investigated. The relaxation time and rotational viscosity coefficient, during compression of 4-n-pentyl-4V-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) monolayer film on the water surface has been calculated for a number of dynamic regimes. It is also shown that the viscous and electric torques exerted per unit volume of the monolayer film may excite the solitary wave propagating along the air-water interface. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


ABSTRACT Since the 1990s, New Public Management has been a part of Argentina's educational policies. Mainly, school-centered management and strategic planning are seen as imperative for establishing and sustaining schools' efficiency. Delegating commitment and responsibility to schools is the key of this managerial logic. Here, we will analyze the dynamics of certain instruments, like management by project and plans for organizational improvement, as well as a set of practices that affect school principals. This article is part of a large research study on the regulatory processes in educational policies aimed at ensuring compulsory secondary schooling. We present a case study of a principal from a school located on the peripheries of the city of Córdoba. The students who attend this school are stricken by increasing social pauperization. Within the framework of governmentality studies in education and on the basis of our empirical research done at that school, we will discuss some of the aspects of school life regulation in management times. We propose that the particular way in which management logic is taken up in schools has direct effects on the lived experience, the actions and morality of those who work there.


The 1964-65 New York World's Fair (NYWF) opened on April 21, 1964 for two six-month seasons concluding on October 21, 1965. Occupying nearly a square mile of real estate in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, New York, it was the largest world's fair ever held in the United States. Celebrating itself as a "universal and international" exposition, the Fair was dedicated to "Man's Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe." Commissioned to celebrate the beginning of the "Space Age," a twelve-story high, stainless steel model of the Earth called the Unisphere was conceived and constructed as the theme symbol of the Fair, to promote "Peace Through Understanding" and capture the public's avid interest in the rapid advances being made in rocketry, materials science, computer and information technology. These events coincided with the end of Second Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North that resulted in the growth of a highly urbanized population in Queens and other boroughs of New York City. The 1964-65 NYWF took place during a time of social and political upheaval, as well as scientific and technological progress. This chapter will show how these events and specific technical artifacts built for World's Fairs made a lasting impression on the urban dwellers that encountered them--i.e. the lasting image of the Unisphere. Some of these objects would remain at the site beyond the conclusion of the Fair, becoming a stage for popular media forms in urban art and culture developed in inner cities, made popular through commercialization.


It has been widely acknowledged that the aggregate interference at the receiver for various practical communication channels can often deviate markedly from the classical additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) assumption due to various ambient phenomena. Moreover, the physical nature of the underlying interference generating process in such cases can lead to a bursty behaviour of the interfering signal, implying that it is highly likely that consecutive symbols are affected by similar noise levels. In this paper, we devise and analyze detection techniques, in conjunction with a convolution code, for such interference channels that possess non-negligible memory by considering optimum and sub-optimum decoding metrics. In particular the inherent memory in the noise process is modeled as a first-order Markov chain, whose state selects the variance of the instantaneous Gaussian noise, leading to a Markov-Gaussian channel model. Analytical expressions are obtained for the cut-off rate, which is an ensemble code parameter, and the bit error rate for a convolutionally coded system, that are subsequently employed for an extensive evaluation of the various metrics considered. Furthermore, the interleaving depth is considered as a design parameter and its effect on performance is analyzed over a range of noise scenarios.


Congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation often coexist. Up to 50% of patients who present with new-onset congestive heart failure have atrial fibrillation; conversely, among those patients ...


A preliminary report is presented by an international project team working on developing a model for a structured and holistic approach to companioning parishioners in the journey of formation in the Christian life. A holistic model involves working in three domains: positive psychology, spirituality, and personal and social ethics. Structure is provided by utilizing four self-assessment instruments to inform the work the pastor and the parishioner do together.


Objectives To investigate the etiologies of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Methods Clinical data of 482 full-term neonates with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,admitted in Bethune International Peace Hospital from July 2001 to July 2006,were analyzed.Results Causes of hyperbilirubinemia were early-onset breastfeeding jaundice(36.9%,70.3% of them were born by caesarean section),late-onset breastfeeding jaundice(25.9%),ABO incompatibility hemolytic diseases(12.5%),perinatal risk factors(11.2%),infections(10.2%)and others(3.3%).Total bilirubin level was the highest in newborns with hemolytic disease.The percentages of mild,moderate and severe jaundice were 42.5%,36.3%,and 21.2%,respectively.Among patients with severe jaundice,20(30.4%)were with early-onset breastfeeding jaundice,20(19.6%)were with hemolytic disease,and 25(24.5%)were with late-onset breastfeeding jaundice.There were 4 patients with kernicterus included in this study(3 patients with hemolytic disease,one with severe acidosis and dehydration).Conclusions The most common cause of full-term neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in inpatients is breastfeeding jaundice.Hemolytic diseases account for the majority of kernicterus.


For many years I have been a pacifist and only in extreme circumstances do I see any justification for acts of aggression. Perhaps naively I always hope that political discussion can avert war. Clausewitz's philosophy that war is merely an extension and continuation of politics is chilling. However, few would doubt, at least here in Britain, that Napoleon's advance across Europe had to be stopped. And of course this was achieved by Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. But at what cost in loss of life and suffering on both sides? In his well-written and well-referenced book, Martin Howard details the organization of the British Army medical services during the Napoleonic Wars, concentrating on the role of the physician and more importantly the surgeon in caring for the wounded and sick at the battle front.


BACKGROUND
Due to their low specificity, non-enzymatic antioxidants play a significant role in the protection of organisms against free radicals. They are normally sourced from the diet, and independently react with oxidizing molecules and their products.

OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to determine the concentrations of selected non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid (UA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and polyphenols) in the gingival fluid and saliva of patients diagnosed with periodontitis according to the current criteria.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
This prospective case-control study included 50 patients with periodontitis, who were divided into 2 groups depending on disease severity, along with 25 healthy controls. Unstimulated saliva, stimulated saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from all subjects, and nonenzymatic antioxidant concentrations were determined.

RESULTS
Significantly lower concentrations of all tested non-enzymatic antioxidants were observed in the gingival fluid as well as in the unstimulated and stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis (p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of GSH was a parameter that differentiated the various degrees of periodontitis (p < 0.05). A significantly lower concentration of GSH was found in the stimulated saliva of patients with moderate progression as compared to those with fast progression of the disease (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The continuation of research on the GSH concentrations in the gingival fluid and saliva may be useful in the context of biomarkers for periodontitis progression.


IN WHAT SOME OBSERVERS DESCRIBE as a watershed study that could resurrect an arena of drug and behavioral research that has been all but off-limits for decades, scientists have confirmed that psilocybin, the psychedelic agent in Psilocybe mushrooms, elicits mystical experiences in some people and "bad trips" in others. "The prospects for far-ranging scientific advancement are exciting," medicinal chemist David E. Nichols of Purdue University writes in a commentary accompanying the study ( Psychopharmacology , DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5). "We know that psychedelics have powerful effects in many areas of the brain that are critically important for cognition and awareness," notes Nichols, who synthesized the pure psilocybin used in the research. In their study, Roland R. Griffiths of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and his colleagues recruited 36 healthy men and women, ages 24 to 64. None had taken hallucinogenic drugs before. In a two-session protocol designed to avoid suggestion effects, pa...


Disordered photonic materials scatter and blur incident light. By controlling the incident wavefront, we show it is possible to focus light through and even inside such materials. The focusing resolution can be surprisingly high.


The HIV / AIDS epidemic is the biggest natural event in the history of our species for the last 500 years. Professor Roy Anderson, who has modelled the likely path of the epidemic, estimates that HIV / AIDS is a 130-year event. This, we contend, is an underestimate. HIV / AIDS has already put an indelible mark on the most affected societies, and that effect will certainly be felt for generations. In addition, Anderson's model - like all such mathematical exercises - measures what can be measured, leaving other factors as hypothetical zeros. The HIV / AIDS epidemic is a complex systemic change in human ecology. It is unleashing secondary impacts that have demographic and epidemiological consequences, which in turn create feedback loops into the dynamics of the epidemic itself.
HIV / AIDS is certainly an historic event. It may also be a 'Darwinian event'. We argue that historians have two particular responsibilities with regard to this epidemic. Firstly history should provide us with ideas, paradigms and methodologies for understanding and responding to the disease. Secondly there is an awful predictability about HIV / AIDS and what it has the potential to do. Historians have the experience of seeing an event of unparalleled significance unfold before their eyes. To some extent this history can be written in advance as a wake-up call as to what might happen. Certainly there must be lessons from the past that we can apply to this epidemic.


The present paper delves into the essential content of criminal defense──the effectiveness of defense, analyses the proper ways of treating errors and negligence of criminal defenders in their courses of defense and discusses the issues of whether suspects′and defendants′legitimate rights and interests can obtain effective counsel assistance and safeguard.


in the Moscow Academy, particularly the manuals written by the Leichoudes themselves and the Jesuit or Jesuit-influenced sources they consulted. Chrissidis is the rare scholar of Russian history with the language abilities to carry this off, adeptly analyzing unpublished and published sources in ancient and modern Greek, Latin, Church Slavonic, and Russian. His informative endnotes provide excellent additional explanation on the sources, quotes, and terminology. The result is an authoritative and original perspective on late seventeenth-century Russian education. Two chapters delve more deeply into the instructional manuals to present the concepts taught by the Leichoudes in their rhetoric and philosophy courses, laying out the courses almost lesson by lesson, showing readers what it meant to study rhetoric and philosophy at the Academy. The rhetoric course relied on Greek manuals based on the latest Jesuit prototypes, but adding an "Orthodox guise" to adjust to the needs of Orthodox Muscovy (116). More than simply technical aspects such as elocution and disposition, the students learned to add emotion and a broader subject matter of history, custom, and myth to ensure "the captivation of the audience body, mind, and soul" (127). The natural philosophy course of study under the Leichoudes brothers was a novelty for Russia, offering "a complex understanding of the natural world" (140). In astronomy and cosmology, students considered stars, comets, celestial fluidity or solidarity, planetary spheres, and the diverse perspectives of Ptolemy, Plato, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe (145). Utilizing a variety of commentaries on Aristotelian natural philosophy developed by Jesuits in the mid-seventeenth century, this course of study "paved the way for the subsequent importation of more up-to-date scientific knowledge into Russia during the Petrine period" (141). Equally notably, Chrissidis underscores the consistent cooperation between church and state in founding and supporting the Academy, even throughout turbulent political times. The known information on its graduates demonstrates that they made vital contributions to both church and state institutions. Abruptly dismissed for personal reasons from their teaching duties at the Academy in 1694, the Leichoudes continued to serve the Russian state with translations and editing in the Typography office, as well as with creating a similar academy in Novgorod. Chrissidis never overlooks the personal weaknesses of the two brothers, even as he brings them rightfully into the limelight for consideration as instrumental precursors to the westernizing educational tendencies of the Petrine era. This important monograph comprises a valuable study on the roots of western-oriented education in Russia, and, indeed, on the intellectual development of the Orthodox East.


The objective of this research was to estimate instrinsic equity value of PT
Megapolitan Development associated with Initial Public Offering (IPO) in 2011
using two approaches, income approach and market data approaches.
The data observed in this research consists of financial statements , the
information contained in the annual report PT Megapolitan Development in 2010,
comparable companies financial statements in 2010, stock price, risk free rate and
other supporting data.
The Analysis in Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, it started with
forecasting financial statements based on estimates of net sales growth rate which
followed by calculation free cash flow. The calculating discount rate based on risk
free interest rate 6,50 percent, Market Risk Premium (MRP) 7 percent, the I²
0,844, cost of debt 8,81 percent, and 41,72 percent debt ratio. The discount rate
used to be a total free cash flow into present value. Analysis using relative
valuation method begins by determining comparison companies on the industry,
followed by choosing and determining multiplies which will be used to converse
the book value of the relevant variables from the PT Megapolitan Development to
be estimate of market value of equity. The multiplies used are PER (Price Earning
Ratio), P/S (Sales Price) and PBV (Price to Book Value).
The results of the research show that its estimated intrinsic value of the equity
of PT Megapolitan Development, using the income approach on 31 December
2010 was Rp225,15 per share, and the fair market value based on market data
approach for Rp215,55. Reconciliation based on average of two approaches
produced the fair market value of the shares of PT Megapolitan Development of
Rp220,35.


The optimal treatment for the eradication of initial P. aeruginosa infection in CF is still unclear. Recently long-term inhaled tobramycin has been proposed. Here we report the results with brief inhaled and/or systemic anti-pseudomonal treatments. Initial P. aeruginosa colonization was successfully eradicated as demonstrated by negative repetitive throat cultures or sputa and serum antipseudomonal antibodies in 15 of 17 patients for at least two years. Randomized, controlled trials are urgently needed to define the optimal protocol for the eradication of P. aeruginosa. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, infection, treatment, antibodies; inhaled tobramycin


The operational radar-based precipitation nowcasting at DWD employs the so-called optical flow technique. It uses composites of quality-assured terrain-following low elevation radar reflectivity measurements. With this approach, the motion vector of individual reflectivity pixel in the composite is estimated from previous observations and the position is linearly extrapolated into the future. The intensity of advected pixels is kept constant during the whole forecast. Deterministic predictions are provided in time steps of 5 minutes with forecast periods of 2 hours and updates every 5 minutes.


Volcanic eruptions and unrest are among the main natural hazards, which influence nature, human beings and climate. Large amounts of ash, rock fragments and trace gases can be emitted into the atmosphere. One of these trace gases is sulphur dioxide (SO2) which is a good indicator for volcanic ash clouds and can be detected by several satellite instruments such as GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument).


Sulphide free unhairing has been an active research topic. Oxidative unhairing is gaining attention of researchers. Efficacy of ozone depilation and influence of ozone on the physico - chemical characteristics of the leathers have been studied in detail. The ozone based system leads to complete unhairing and has been found to provide substantial benefits when used for unhairing.


The present invention relates to fungicidal N-[(mixing) arylalkyl] pyrazoles carboxylic acid amides or thiocarboxamide and their assorted replacement analogue, their preparation method; The preparation of midbody compound; They are as the purposes of mycocide, particularly with the form of fungicide composition, and control the method for plant pathogenic fungi of plant with these compounds or composition.


The invention relates to a monitoring device combining a GPS signal receiver and an accelerometer. The monitoring device mainly comprises an antenna of a GPS signal receiver, circular bubbles, foot screws, triangular steel plates, a radius inhibiting plate, copper bars, support rods, a tri-dimensional accelerometer and ground wires. The monitoring device is characterized in that the bottom layer of a three-layer structure formed by the connection of the three support rods and the three triangular steel plates is connected with the radius inhibiting plate, the support rod between the first layer and the second layer and the support rod between the second layer and the third layer are provided with the foot screws, the steel plates on the second layer and the third layer are provided with the circular bubbles, the center of the steel plate on the second layer is provided with the tri-dimensional accelerometer, the center of the steel plate on the third layer is provided with an antenna support of the GPS receiver, the upper part of the support is provided with the antenna of the GPS receiver, the lower ends of the four copper bars at the edge of the radius inhibiting plate are connected with the ground wires, and the device can be fixed through the radius inhibiting plate in a position where the structural vibration monitoring is needed. The invention has the effects and the advantages that the monitoring device can level-off based on the layer, simultaneously monitor the low-frequency displacement and the high-frequency acceleration vibration, effectively reduce multi-path noises and effectively conduct lightning protection.


Rivera, O; Zapata, S.2006. Effect of the addition of Multi-zyme over the in vitro digestibility on total mixed rations for dairy cows in California, USA. Special project of the Agronomical Engineering program, Zamorano, Honduras. 20 p. The suplementation with exogenous enzymes represents a technological alternative able to stimulate the mechanisms of degradation of the wall of forages, used cereals and other foods. The effect of the addition of the Multi-zyme® complex was evaluated on the in Vitro digestibility of Neutral Detergent Fiber (dNDF), of the Organic Matter (OMIVD), the content of Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), and the Net Milking Energy (NME) of several Total Mixed Rations (TMR) used on dairy cows feedings on California. The research took place on the Agri-Link analytical laboratory, Turlock, CA, USA between January and March of 2006. There were used four TMR, two for high production cows and two for low production cows coming from Quaresma Dairy and T & M Dairy. There were used two treatments, a) 0.04 g of enzymes per 100 g of feed b) without enzymes. The sizes of the samples were 250 mg. The samples were subject to a in vitro digestibility test during 30 hours. It was used a Completely Random Blocks (CRB) with two repetitions per treatments. It was found an increase of 11.4% on the in vitro digestibility of the dNDF, of 2.51% on the OMIVD, of 2.87% on the TDN and 2.95% on the NME on the samples treated with Multi-zyme® in relation with the control. Under in vitro conditions the addition of Multi-zyme to high and low production milking cows increased dNDF, OMIVD, TDN and NME.


The political situation in Ukraine has escalated dramatically. There is a growing number of neo-nazism and Russophobia. The aim of neo-nazi groups is the overthrow of legitimate power, reallocation of financial resources and establishment of new political elites.


To counter the problem that solid cage pockets depth was over or below the dimensional tolerance causing rolling elements dropping off or being clamped,control method of solid cage lock points with pockets was sum up on the basis of the practice,avoiding waste products owing to rolling elements dropping and being clamed,the accuracy and efficiency of cage processing were raised.


During the last few months we have had the opportunity of studying roentgenologically the course of four cases of postinfluenzal pyopneumothorax, and we believe that the pathologic pictures obtained during these studies are worthy of report. These patients have all been treated as conservatively as possible and in only one case was recourse had to a radical surgical procedure. All roentgenograms were stereoscopic. They were made with a hydrogen tube, with a 33-inch target-plate distance. The patients were in the erect position and both exposures were made during one inspiration. REPORT OF CASES Case1 (No. 1948).— History .—A man, J. S., aged 18, entered the hospital Jan. 27, 1919, complaining of severe, stabbing pain in the right chest. Two years before, he had had an attack of pleurisy which lasted five days. In November,1918,he had sharp, stabbing, inspiratory pain in the lower right chest, and for three weeks following,


Species introduced to the Western Regions take great effects upon social life in the Tang Dynasty.The essay focuses on a pug and probes into its effect from micro view to macro one.As a messenger of cultural communication between China and west during the Tang Dynasty,pug adds a new pleasure to both spiritual and leisure life of the people during the Tang Dynasty after being introduced to the Central Plains.The essay starts with pug material seen in the famous paintings during the Tang Dynasty and combs through historical documents,Dunhuang literatures and unearthed cultural relics in an attempt to explore the route of pugs introduced to the Central Plains from the Western Regions,recover the scene of previous pugs popular with royal ladies and children during the Tang Dynasty and expounds the subjects of literary works related to pugs.