Wover-fiber reinforced composites become more and more important for lightweight construction components, smart textiles and numerous other applications. The interaction between the two components of the composite depends on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and on the manufacturing process of the composite. To obtain a strong interaction between different polymers is problematic. Surface modification could be a solution for a more favorable adhesion between the two polymers. In this study the interphase between polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. PA films were laminated with PP or with plasma-treated PP. It was found that laminates containing plasma-treated PP show an increased shear stress compared to laminates with non-modified PP. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed a small amount of carboxylic groups on the surface of modified PP films and contact angle analysis showed a decrease of the water contact angle of PP after plasma treatment. These findings suggest a rise of the polarity of PP, which makes PP more compatible to interact with PA6. Additionally, melt rheological analysis confirmed the increased interfacial strength between PA6 and plasma-treated PP. In conclusion, plasma treatment of PP can improve the adhesive behavior between PA6 and PP.Wover-fiber reinforced composites become more and more important for lightweight construction components, smart textiles and numerous other applications. The interaction between the two components of the composite depends on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and on the manufacturing process of the composite. To obtain a strong interaction between different polymers is problematic. Surface modification could be a solution for a more favorable adhesion between the two polymers. In this study the interphase between polyamide 6 (PA6) and polypropylene (PP) was investigated. PA films were laminated with PP or with plasma-treated PP. It was found that laminates containing plasma-treated PP show an increased shear stress compared to laminates with non-modified PP. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed a small amount of carboxylic groups on the surface of modified PP films and contact angle analysis showed a decrease of the water contact angle of PP after plasma treatment....


To provide a portable terminal having a crack prevention structure for a display device, said portable terminal comprising: a display module; shell member coupled to the display module. The surface of the shell member is formed with a central portion and an edge, the height of the central portion and an edge different from each other, respectively to the longitudinal and transverse support display of the display module along the central portion of the module. The portable terminal constructed as described above from the rear surface by using a stiff material film portion and the shell member projecting at least a to support the display module, so that the impact applied to the display module to dissipate to the housing member. Accordingly, damage to the flat display device can reduce an external impact caused.


The relationship between the consumer acceptability of Cheddar cheese and its descriptive sensory attributes was determined using preference mapping and logistic regression for three Cheddar cheeses. A trained panel (n = 9) differentiated the cheeses based on taste, aroma and textural attributes. The overall order of consumer preference (P < 0.05) for the three cheeses was 9, 7 and 12 months of aging time, respectively. The trained panel characterized the 7- and 9-month-old cheeses as having young/undeveloped flavors such as "cooked,""buttery" and "creamy" flavors, and had volatiles that were responsible for the creamy flavor in cheeses. The 12-month-old cheese was characterized by aged/developed flavors and included volatile compounds responsible for fruity aromas and sulfurous, earthy and free fatty acid flavors. External preference mapping revealed six clusters of consumers with varying Cheddar cheese preferences; 74, 95 and 61% of the consumers found 7-, 9- and 12-month-old cheeses to be acceptable, respectively.


One of the most important issues in multi-criteria decision making is the
 number of requited judgments decision-maker/analyst has to perform. This
 paper presents a comparison of the results obtained by standard analytic
 hierarchy process (AHP), limited AHP and best-worst method (BWM) if the
 number of criteria is 6, 7, and 8. The examples show that BWM's results are
 comparable with the results if standard AHP is used, while the limited
 version of AHP is generally inferior to the other two methods.


The optimal technical of extracting star anise oil resin with organic solvent are studied.The effect of different solvent,value of pH,ratio of solid to liquid,extracting time,diameter of star anise powder and concentration of the ethanol on the extracting rate are discussed.And the orthogonal experiment of four factors and three levels are tested,factors such as the ratio of solid to liquid,extracting time,diameter of star anise powder and concentration of the ethanol.The results showed that the optimum technological conditions have been attained as follows: the ratio of solid to liquid 15:100,extraction time 3h,the diameter of star anise powder 0.105mm,the concentration of the ethanol 95%,and its extracting rate can reach 40.14g/100g.


Abstract We have always recognized that an encapsulation operation, as complex as the insulation of coil windings by transfer molding, has many variables. One approach has been to first define the variables and then to optimize the level for each one. While this technique can produce an acceptable yield level, molders are still periodically faced with below standard yields while operating within their Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).


This paper based on the principle of Creator/Vega,combing the Huaihai Institute of Technology campus geographic information with other information and data through making full use of geographic information technologies,virtual reality technology,remote sensing technology and other high-tech.The realization of the campus landscape,campus information browsing,query and statistics which based on three-dimensional visual interface and virtual reality scenes Interface allows the system users gain comprehensive data and information from multiple angles.


Twenty years ago, while I was studying at Cambridge University, my accommodation overlooked a college chapel that had once been a victim of Puritan iconoclasm. The chapel of Peterhouse was consecrated in 1633 by supporters of Archbishop William Laud and his Beauty of Holiness movement. Unsurprisingly, its quirky Renaissance-Gothic synthesis did not appeal to the thousands of Parliamentary troops who were quartered in Cambridge during the English Civil Wars, nor the newly appointed "Commissioner for the destruction of monuments of idolatry and superstition" for the Eastern Association, William Dowsing (1596–1668). Though Dowsing succeeded in removing statues of angels and cherubs from the chapel in 1643, High-Church-leaning Peterhouse fellows managed to hide the Flemish stained-glass panel that depicted Rubens's Le Coup de Lance, which they reinstalled after the restoration of the Stuart royal line in 1660.1 Ten years after gazing at that chapel roof, during my two-day campus interview for a job at the University of Minnesota, I included its iconoclastic story in my response to a question from a search committee member. I had been discussing how the 1707 Act of Union between the English and Scottish parliaments had created a bi-confessional British state, which provided a model of jurisdictional pluralism for dissenting Protestants in North America. But the professor asked me to rewind one century to consider how the 1603 Regal Union between the English and Scottish monarchies might also help us to understand the origins of religious pluralism in colonial North America and the nascent United States. I used the chapel story to illustrate a warning that I offered to students: be careful mining seventeenth-century Anglo-Scottish history for the disestablishmentarian roots of British imperial life and American religious pluralism, or even the notion that multiple religious establishments might cohere within a single political union. As demonstrated by the deployment of authority by William Dowsing, iconoclastic Puritans shared a tendency for


Although spillways have been investigated experimentally by various researchers, only a few studies have been conducted on the comprehensive properties of a self-aerated air-water flow. In this study, new experimental data were recorded and discussed for the distribution of the air concentration, air-water velocity, turbulence intensity and bubble frequency in the completely developed regions for spillways. It was observed that both the turbulence intensity and bubble frequency increased from the bottom and subsequently decreased near the free surface. The positions of maximum air bubble frequency and turbulence intensity gradually approached air concentration to 0.50 in the self-aerated developed region. Self-similar relationships between the turbulence intensity and bubble frequency were proposed.


This essay employs the recent development of traditional medicine in Lingnan, South China, and the role it plays in the popularization of Chinese herbal cooling tea as an example to lay bare how a traditional medicine-focused nationalist project is enacted and enabled at the local level. The first part of the essay explains how the resulting discursive practice of traditional medicine reinforces the link between nationalized Chinese culture and health security agenda, shaping an ethic of communal biosecurity. The second part foregrounds the importance of scale, especially that of the provincial and the regional, in scrutinizing the ways through which the nation-wide Chinese medicine policies come into force in contemporary China. Thirdly, by looking at the incident of the joint application for promoting cooling tea as a state-authorized intangible cultural heritage among Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, we emphasize the leading role of the Guangdong provincial government in promoting Chinese medicine in the region. The final section is devoted to unraveling the disputes involved in such a regionalist scheme.


This paper presents a simulation of motion of a bipedal robot and a comparison between the result of simulation and the actual robot. The hip and the knee are modeled as one degree of freedom (DOF) hinge respectively. The traction or gait is modeled as nonlinear joint alternating between one DOF pin joint and losing contact modes during the motion of the robot. The motion is modeled as a plane motion and the equation of motion is developed using the Lagrangian method. Besides torque, the jerk and impacts during the motion are observed and analyzed in the simulation. A spread sheet analysis is also performed to confirm and verify the result of simulation. In the actual robot, a PID control system is used. Various values of PID gains are set for the experiments, and the resulting behavior of the robot is observed.


This paper gives a summary on the five-year data of enterprise technology center of Guangdong province.It further studies the factors which affect the proneness of university industry cooperation(UIC) for enterprises by using probit model.The results show that firm size and absorptive capacity are key factors that affect the proneness of UIC for enterprises.The government's preferential tax policy has a significant positive effect on the proneness of UIC for enterprises and the degree of attention of market and information collection that the enterprise pay has a significant negative effect in the situation that the firms have higher technological innovation.


Internship report entitled "The Promotion of Tourism Using English Language Website in Karanganyar Regency" aims to report the activities of the writer duringinternship. The writer carried out an internship for ±120 hours of work starting from 21vi stJanuary 2016 to 1st March 2016 in the Tourism Marketing Division of Tourism andCulture Department of Karanganyar Regency at Cangakan office complex, LawuMainroad, Karanganyar Regency. The scope of the activity is creating tourism websiteusing English Language. In the first week, the writer did some observations to get information and picturesto various tourism objects in Karanganyar. In the second week, the writer createdIndonesian persuasive texts. In the third week, the writer translated and revised the texts.Then in the fourth week, the writer designed a website and then published it. In the lastweek, the writer simulated the website and promoted it.  The result is tourism website for Tourism and Culture Department of KaranganyarRegency that can be accessed by visitors both domestic and foreign. Now, Tourism andCulture Department of Karanganyar Regency has a website that contains a variety ofinformation, news and tourism promotion. This website is useful as a communicationmedia to publicize the tourism potential in Karanganyar Regency. This website is alsouseful for foreign tourists to search information about tourism in Karanganyar.


Objective: To discuss the treatment of arterioscelerosis obliteration(ASO) of the lower limbers by using approaches of arteriovenous reversal (AVR), and to study its operating technique and clinical application of ARV. Methods: We operated on 6 ASO patients by using popliteal arterial-posterior tibial venous reversal approaches. Results: 5 patients had good result and 1 patient who amputated one toe after the operation showed improvement . Conclusion: This approach doesn't lead to heart failure , can save the ischemic limbs and refrain from amputation with satisfactory effects.


When the requirements of stakeholders are identified for the system development, the requirements collected should be formalized for their analysis and use. Zachman Framework is an enterprise architecture framework that provides a formal and highly structured way of viewing and defining an enterprise; it can provide a systematic way to formalize the requirements. This paper proposes an OWL ontology-based Zachman Framework for the requirement analysis. The proposed approach presents overall procedure and details ontology modeling in Prote ge OWL.


We propose an integrated model of the asset management decisions for a fleet of identical product units and the inventory management decisions for a closed-loop supply chain in the context of a product–service system, in which the two types of decisions are closely coupled. A joint optimization technique is developed to obtain the parameters of the operational policy for the integrated model that minimize the long run average cost rate. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the computational procedures. In addition, the effect of a simplifying assumption that the replaced products have no quality difference is evaluated and the results suggest that as long as the quality difference between the preventively replaced products and failure replaced products is not too big, the simplification to treat them as one category is reasonable.


Partially filled internal batch mixers are used for mixing of rubber compounds in the polymer industry. The use of mixing in such mixers equipped with a rotor is critical to the process itself, and hence, understanding of mixing is important in terms of evaluating how various operating parameters such as rpm, fill factor, and ram pressure affect distribution and dispersion of materials. The objective of the current study is to gain valuable insights on the influence of fill factor, which is the volume of the material relative to the volume of the chamber. Two-dimensional (2D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of rubber mixing in a 2-wing rotor-equipped chamber are presented here, for the first time, for fully-filled/100% and partially-filled/75% chambers. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique is employed to capture the interface between the rubber and air in partially filled isothermal simulations. Flow patterns are visualized to analyze the material movement. Massless particles are injected and various statistics are calculated from their positions in order to compare dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics between the fully-filled and partially-filled cases. Specifically, quantities such as mixing index and the maximum shear stress distribution history of particles are analyzed to obtain information about dispersive mixing, while length of stretch and cluster distribution index, also calculated from particles, are presented to investigate distributive mixing capabilities. All the results consistently demonstrated the superior effectiveness of partially-filled mixing chambers in terms of their dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics in comparison to fully-filled chambers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44250.


During the past two years, Applico, a mobile app development company based in New York City, has grown from a dorm room start-up to a successful business with 45 employees (75 by the end of 2011) and a client list that includes several household names, all without seeking outside venture funding. Developing mobile apps on multiple platforms requires innovative designers who can mold them into a native and immersive experience.


Second derivative and band simulation techniques are used in a synergetic relationship to identify components in the infrared (IR) spectra of liquid light and heavy water. Nine Gaussian components are retrieved in massive OH and OD stretch absorption. In this context, v1 and v3 are the principal components along with satellites derived from harmonic and combination bands. The Raman spectrum of light water matches the IR components with intensity variations as expected.


Static biotests, such as daphnia tests and algae tests, are well known in the checking of water quality. But although they are often called "acute" tests they are not able to identify short term accidents or time-dependent variations of toxic substances. Biomonitoring systems were set up to serve as "early warning systems". Biomonitors are 24 hour a day working systems, using organisms to indicate changes due to the release of toxic substances. This paper deals with the measurement of changes in the behaviour of daphnia with the bbe Daphnia Toximeter. Speed, speed distribution, height, distance between organisms, number of daphnia and "fractal dimension" are evaluated to account for the appearance of toxic substances. In this way even low concentrations which do not lead to the death of daphnia can be detected within minutes. Results of the last two years of field experience and laboratory tests are given.


To the Editor.— I read the article by Lichstein et al 1 on the impact of pharmaceutical company representatives on internal medicine residency programs with interest. The accompanying editorial by Girard 2 suggests that the time has come for guidelines and that "The Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine must act." In a family medicine training center, an informal survey demonstrated that residents, students, faculty, and staff members were constantly bombarded with drug advertising paraphernalia including pens, note pads, drug samples, educational materials (pamphlets and posters), and other trinkets (pushpins, key rings, clocks, calendars, paper clip holders, cups, and bags). 3 The primary-care residency program at the University of Connecticut Medical School, Storrs, developed a program to teach their residents how to interact with drug company representatives. 4 Nevertheless, the program director concluded that the pharmaceutical industry will continue to play a major role in the education of practicing


Uranium is the heaviest naturally occurring element found in the Earth's crust. It is an alphaemitter radioactive element that present both radiotoxicant and chemotoxicant properties. Uranium is present in environment as a result of natural deposits and releases by human applications (mill tailings, nuclear industry and military army). The release of uranium or its by-products into the environment (air, soil and water) presents a threat to human health and to the environment as a whole. Uranium can enter the body by ingestion, inhalation or dermal contact yet, the primary route of entry into the body is inhalation. Research on inhaled, ingested, percutaneous and subcutaneous industrial uranium compounds has shown that solubility influences the target organ, the toxic response, and the mode of uranium excretion. The overall clearance rate of uranium compounds from the lung reflects both mechanical and dissolution processes depending on the morphochemical characteristics of uranium particles. In this review we emphasize on one of the principal physical characteristics of uranium particles, its size. As is known, based on uranium chemical composition, three different kinds are defined: natural, enriched (EU) and depleted (DU) uranium. The radiological and chemical properties of natural uranium and DU are similar. In fact, natural uranium has the same chemotoxicity, but its radiotoxicity is 60% higher. DU, being a waste product of uranium enrichment, has several civilian and military applications. Lately, it was used in international military conflicts (Gulf and recently as the Balkan Wars) and was claimed to contribute to health problems. Herein, we reviewed the toxicological data in vivo and in vitro on both natural and depleted uranium and renewed efforts to understand the intracellular metabolism of this heavy toxic metal. The reader will find this chapter divided in three sections. The first section, describes the presence of the uranium in the environment, the routes of entrance to the body and its impact on health. The second section which is committed to uranium cytotoxicity and its mechanism of action stressed on the oxidative metabolism and a third section dedicated to the effect of different compounds, mainly bisphosphonates, as substances with the ability to restrain uranium toxicity.


1945," Zwei Legenden aus dem Dritten Reich (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1974), 7-75. 2 David Thomas, "Foreign Armies East and German Military Intelligence in Russia 1941-45," Journal of Contemporary History 22 (1987): 261-302. It should be noted that German air intelligence was also abysmally poor; see Horst Boog, "German Air Intelligence in the Second World War," Intelligence and National Security 5 (1990): 350-424.


THE BCA RULING To remind you. In the summer of this year the BCA ordered the FEI to suspend its exclusivity clause (the clause preventing riders from events not approved by the FEI) with regards to the GCL, so that riders and horses were free to compete in this – not by the FEI approved – event. The BCA ordered the FEI further to inform riders, national federations and organized of such in writing before 31 August 2015. It is important to note that the exclusivity clause, till the moment the BCA decision was issued, prevented riders who competed in the events that were not approved by the FEI from taking part in any FEI event for a period of six (6) months.


Indonesia peat is a tropical peat, which is deferent from the temperate and cold climate peat. Water logged and oxygen deficient condition are the main factors determining the formation of peat in tropical areas. So the sustainability of peat and its function in the area is determined by the status of biology (organic input) and hydrology, of which hydrology is the most important. Peat hydrology and thickness determine the forest type and hydrology controls the peat decomposition process. There are many options for peat utilization, either extractive or non-extractive uses. The local community of Central Kalimantan and Riau (Sumatra) have been developing and utilizing peat land for a long period of time. And the government program of peat land development began in the early 1950s, mostly for agricultural purposes. In this last decade of the 20 th century many types of land uses have been also developed in peat land areas, such as palm oil plantation, plantation forest, and peat use for energy.


Boron doped diamond films were synthesized using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technique. The films were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The B2O3 concentration is varied from 1000 to 5000 ppm. With increase in B2O3 concentration particle size decreases, for 5000 ppm it is found to be 30 nm. The turn on field required to draw current density of 1 μA/cm2 is found to be 0.80 V/μm for 5000 ppm B2O3 concentration films. Furthermore, spectral analysis of field emission current is carried out at base pressure of ~ 1 × 10-8 mbar. The field emission current time (I-t) traces show `step' and `spike' like fluctuations, with 1/fα type of behavior with α ~ 0.8. The fluctuations in the field emission current are due to various processes occurring on the emitter surface.


We conduct a comprehensive comparative study of quality-of-transmission (QoT) estimation for wavelength-division-multiplexed systems using artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning (ML) models and Gaussian noise (GN) model-based analytical models. To obtain the best performance for comparison, we optimize all the system parameters for GN-based models in a brute-force manner. For ML models, we optimize the number of neurons, activation function, and number of layers. In simulation settings with perfect knowledge of system parameters and communication channels, GN-based analytical models generally outperform ANN models even though GN models are less accurate on the side channels due to the local white-noise assumption. In experimental settings, however, inaccurate knowledge of various link parameters degrades GN-based models, and ML generally estimates the QoT with better accuracy. However, ML models are temporally less stable and less generalizable to different link configurations. We also briefly study potential network capacity gains resulting from improved QoT estimators and reduced operating margins.


Double-chambered right ventricle was diagnosed in two dogs, one of them a pup and the other full grown. Both dogs underwent surgery using the novel approach of right ventricular outflow chamber ventriculotomy via left intercostal thoracotomy with moderate hypothermia and moderate pump flow cardiopulmonary bypass under beating heart. No major complication occurred during and after the operation. On continuous wave Doppler echocardiography, the pressure gradient across the stenosis in the right ventricle decreased from 130 mmHg pre-operatively to 40 mmHg post-operatively at 1 year 5 months in the adult dog, and from 209 mmHg pre-operatively to 47 mmHg post-operatively at 1 year in the pup. Both dogs are active without clinical signs.


While the end of colonial rule brought formal equality it did not end discrimination and marginalization of the indigenous population in independent Central America. Many suffered land loss and proletarianization in the emerging agricultural export economy. However, indigenous people were not mere victims of exploitation, displacement, and ladinization but played an often active role in Central American politics. Participation in the market economy and access to education fostered stratification within the indigenous population. The emergence of well-off and educated Indians and changes in international politics promoting multiculturalism contributed to the emergence of indigenous movements in recent decades. While some progress has been made concerning the recognition of cultural difference and autonomy, land rights are still a much disputed issue.


High temperature superconducting Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-0 thin films were sputter deposited from a single composite powder target on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates, in an rf magnetron sputtering system. The as-deposited thin films were sintered and annealed in an excess Tl partial pressure to obtain superconductivity. The superconducting films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and resistance vs temperature (R vs T) measurements. Fine line features as small as 25 jim were obtained in as-deposited thin films using standard photolithography and wet chemical etching in a weak acid. From the XRD and SEM results, the annealed thin films were found to be highly c-axis oriented, with smooth platelets of 2-10 pm in size. The R vs T measurements showed zero resistance at temepratures as high as 107 K on SrTiO3 and 103 K on LaA1O3.


Anatomic characterization of the upper airway remains important in directing and monitoring care of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Nasopharyngoscopy is routine in clinical practice, but it is invasive, non-reproducible, and only allows subjective assessment. We used machine-learning enabled ultrasonography to correlate upper airway tissue characteristics with OSA severity.

 Sixty-three subjects (14 female) with a mean age of 39.4±12.6 years, BMI of 26.4±4.6 kg/m2, and AHI of 19.0±16.1 were consented from Stanford Sleep Surgery (July 2020 to May 2021). Standardized ultrasound protocol was used to image the soft palate, oropharynx, and tongue-base. Via machine learning, an FDA-cleared backscattered ultrasound imaging (BUI) of the upper airway was performed. Combined with B-mode measurements of airway muscular cross-sections, a logistic regression model was built to correlate with OSA severity.

 BUI of subjects with mild OSA was different from moderate-severe (AHI≥15) OSA at the soft palate (p=0.0007). The axial-to-lateral ratio of upper airway length was reduced in the lower soft palate of the moderate-severe group (p =0.0207). The logistic regression model with BUI, axial-to-lateral ratio at the soft palate, and BMI showed an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.726 to 0.920) in moderate-severe OSA.

 A non-invasive yet replicable technique to visualize and phenotype the upper airway is critical in the management of patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Sonographic BUI combined with B-mode airway measurements analyzed by machine learning show promise in characterizing the upper airway in patients with moderate-severe OSA.


Riau Province makes sago (Metroxylon sp) one of the alternative sources of gluten-free food. Sago has been processed into food ingredients ranging from traditional with local wisdom approaches to modern. The processing of sago was recorded to produce hundreds of food menu creations. However, from various kinds of processed foods made from sago, this is still constrained by the low level of consumption of sago-based foods. It is presumably because the community still has many food sources as a substitute for rice, such as cassava, corn, and others. If viewed from the potential of raw materials for sago owned by Riau Province, sago can be the primary source of food diversification, one of the steps to reduce dependence on the primary carbohydrate source obtained from rice. Therefore, analysis is needed to determine what factors influence a consumer's decision to consume food products made from sago. The method used in this study was a survey method by accidental random sampling. The research model used was a logistic regression model. The survey location was performed in Pekanbaru as the capital city of Riau Province. Testing on the significance of the model was carried out using the Likelihood Ratio Test and the Wald Test. The results showed that the processed sago that consumers often consume was sago noodles (54%). As a local food, the sago was determined mainly by the processed and the price of sago. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of sago, the government needs to play a role.


The authors present a case of an infant who was treated for recurrent vomiting following pyloromyotomy. Gastroscopic examination showed a polypoid tumour of 4-5 mm in diameter located at the antral region. The patient recovered following re-pyloromyotomy.


Collapse of a water jet flowing out from a nozzle to the atmosphere was examined. The diameters of nozzles used in the experiments were 3, 6 and 8 mm. The flow state of the water jet was recorded with a high speed video camera. The collapse length was derived from recorded images. When the flow velocity was quite low, the surface of the water jet was smooth and small perturbations appeared at the lower position of the water jet. As the flow velocity was increased, the position where the small perturbations appeared came close to the nozzle outlet. The perturbations grew as these went downstream and lumps of water were formed at the lower position. When the flow velocity was further increased, successive waves came around on the surface of the water jet. The collapse of the water jet occurred in such a state that the lump of water was torn off from the jet. When the water jet velocity was high, the jet turned into a dispersed flow and the collapse occurred. The agreement of the measured results and the predicted results was poor. It was considered that the instability of the surface of the water jet seemed important for the jet collapse in the present experimental range. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability wave length was compared with the measured wave length on the water jet. When the wave length reached the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability wave length, the jet collapse occurred except the case that the transition to the dispersed flow caused the jet collapse.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Nanometerial-based optical nanoprobes have been extensively developed because of their high sensitivity, good specificity, and potential for easy quantification of species in chemical and biological analysis. With the development of nanotechnology, various kinds of nanomaterials with novel optical properties have heen generated, laying the foundation of optical nanoprobes. By further integrating receptors (chemical ligand, aptamer, molecular imprinting polymer, etc.), the information of binding specific targets will transform into analytically optical signals by employing different detection techniques including colorimetry/UV-Vis spectra, fluorometry and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). In this presentation, firstly, we introduced a simple, rapid and ultrasensitive SERS nanosensor for mercury ion (Hg2+) detection based on the 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPY) functionalized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the presence of spermine; then, a novel colorimetric nanosensor for mercury species was developed for the first time due to the analyte-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the assistance of a thiol-containing ligand of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC); finally, the sensitive and selective recognition and detection of trypsin was realized in a SERS strategy by using anti-aggregation of 4-MPY-functionalized AgNPs on the basis of the interaction between protamine and trypsin.


N killer (NK) cells have a similar effect to donor Tcells after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, enhancing engraftment aswell as the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) response after HSC transplantation. However, in the context of HSC transplantation, this effect is limited due to the impaired function of reconstituting NK cells. Interestingly, NK cells may maintain the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) response through the differential expression of NK-activating receptors on healthy tissues and malignant cells. The NK cell activation is therefore a reasonable strategy to pursue for enhancement of outcomes after HSC transplantation. A number of studies have investigated interleukin (IL)-15 and 4-1BBL as a method to upregulate NK activating receptor expression. In these studies, coculture of NK cells with IL-15 and artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing 4-1BBL and IL15Ra results in NK expansion, upregulation of their activating receptors as well as improved cytotoxicity against malignant cells. On the basis of these successful preclinical studies, Shah and colleagues investigated this strategy in a clinical study in HSC transplantation. The IL-15/4-1BBLactivated NK cells were adoptively transferred to children and young adults with ultra-high-risk solid tumors after nonmyeloablative peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Importantly, in these patients, T cells were depleted from the cellular graft in an effort to reduce competition for IL-15 and improve the ability for NK cell expansion. The study only enrolled MHC-matched donors and found a substantial increase in the incidence of acute GVHD. Of the 9 patients treated, 5 developed acute GVHD—3 cases of which were grade 4. Given that there were no T cells in the allograft, and that the donors were MHC matched, these data indicate that the adoptive transfer of NK cells contributed to the incidence of acute GVHD, possibly by boosting T cell alloreactivity. Although not particularly favorable, these results help to clarify the mechanisms of NK cellular adoptive therapy. Moreover, the data appear critical for optimizing future clinical trials. Indeed, the data do not preclude the notion that activated NK cells are still advantageous for


Background: While previous studies have examined the effect of supplementary plus lenses on visual resolution, albeit sometimes using sub-optimal techniques, the effect of overminusing an accommodating patient (adding additional minus lens power) is less clear. This study assessed distance logMAR visual acuity (VA) through plus and minus lenses added to the optimal refractive correction. Methods: The study was performed on 20 subjects. After determining the distance refractive correction, supplementary spherical lenses ranging from +1.00 to -1.00D (in 0.12D steps) were introduced in random order, and logMAR resolution VA was measured through these lenses using Landolt C optotypes at a viewing distance of 4m. Results: As expected, +1.00 and +0.75D lenses produced a significant reduction in VA. However, no significant change was observed for lenses ranging from +0.50 to -1.00D. The mean VA for this range of lenses was -0.14 logMAR (SD=0.10). Within the range from plano to +1.00D, a significant positive linear correlation was observed between VA and supplementary lens power, described by the function logMAR VA = 0.36F – 0.19 (where F = lens power). Conclusion: In accommodating individuals, the effect of supplementary lens power between +1.00 and -1.00D is predictable. Plus lenses produce a linear increase in logMAR VA, with 1D of defocus producing a loss of approximately 3 lines of logMAR acuity, while no significant change in VA was found when minus lenses were added. Previous findings on the effect of fogging lenses as a check for induced hyperopia may have over-estimated the expected reduction in VA.


Figure 2. Phenological stages from sowing until maturity of four faba bean cultivars, during 2010-2012. Phenological stages are expressed as growing degree days (GDD). The solid line shows the Sielianinow hydrothermal index (K) calculated as a 30-day running value from daily data. The authors apologise for this oversight. [1] Lizarazo, C. I., Lampi, A.-M., Liu, J., Sontag-Strohm, T., Piironen, V. and Stoddard, F. L. (2015), Nutritive quality and protein production from grain legumes in a boreal climate. J. Sci. Food Agric., 95: 2053–2064. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6920


In the past there has been much discussion whether improved control of hyperglycaemia translates into better cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Today this has been proven both for type 1 diabetes in the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) [1] as well as for type 2 diabetes by the Kumamoto trial [2] and UK-PDS study (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study), respectively [3]. It has also become clear, however, that important though hyperglycaemic control is, it is absolutely necessary to use an integrated approach controlling the entire spectrum of risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, dyslipidaemia, etc. [4]. The urgency of intervention is illustrated by our own 10 year observational study: mortality was 14% in type 1 and 33% in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria; it was even higher, i.e. 38% for type 1 and 73% for type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria [5]. In our cohort coronary bypass surgery in diabetic patients with angina pectoris reduced mortality from 67 to 17% [6], illustrating that not only primary prevention but secondary intervention is called for as well.


In the light of the characteristics of electricity measurement automation system in Power Company, the safe protection system is researched from the three perspectives:master station,communication channel and terminal equipment. As for master station,the safe protection system is formulated in accordance with four levels of safety protective measures-boundary, network, host and application. As for communication channel, sa fe protection system is made in accordance with the scheduling data networks and wireless public network. As for measurement terminal equipment,a set of hardware encryption security mechanism is established.


AbstractThe impacts of land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) on tropospheric temperatures are investigated in this study using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model. Two simulations are performed using potential and current vegetation cover. The results show that LULCC can induce detectable changes in the tropospheric air temperature. Although the influence of LULCC on tropospheric temperature is weak, a significant influence can still be found below 300 hPa in summer over land. Compared to the global-mean temperature change, LULCC-induced changes in the regional-mean air temperature can be 2–3 times larger in the middle–upper troposphere and approximately 8 times larger in the lower troposphere. In East Asia and South Asia, LULCC is shown to produce significant decreases (0.2° to 0.4°C) in air temperature in the middle–upper troposphere in spring and autumn due to the largest decrease in the latent heat release from precipitation. In Europe and North America, the most significant tropospheric c...


Reliable macro‐ and meso‐scale structural criteria for identifying pre‐thrusting normal faults within inversion‐dominated foreland thrust belts are here reappraised by showing field cases from the Central‐Northern Apennines of Italy. Field‐based analyses of relative chronologies among the structures allow determination of the timing of pre‐thrusting normal faulting, the positive inversion of the faults and their post‐thrusting reactivation when absolute chronostratigraphic constraints are lacking. The correct identification of pre‐thrusting normal faults allows recognition of shortcut and reactivation anticlines, and these have important implications for the definition of the thrust‐belt structural style and for the estimation of post‐orogenic extension.


The crucial role of T cells in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) has been highlighted by recent observations. Helper CD4þ T cells can both aggravate or attenuate the atherogenic process and the development of CAD. CD4þCD28null T cells are an unusual subset of helper cells which expand and have deleterious effects in CAD. In this review, we discuss the current issues on the generation of CD4þCD28 Tcells and focus on their phenotypic and functional characteristics relevant to the development of cardiovascular events. The possible effects of the present day therapies for CAD on the CD4þCD28null Tcells are also explored. Targeting the CD4þCD28null Tcell subset in CAD could provide novel therapeutic strategies to prevent acute life-threatening coronary events.


Template assisted self-organization of inorganic nanoparticles was investigated to render the physicochemical properties of both nanoparticles and biological materials in hierarchical architecture ...


Overdeepened valleys in the Alps allow to probe the glacial sedimentation record, which in turn can illuminate the climatic history. In particular, seismic reflections can be used to extend punctual borehole data (for instance a number of boreholes are to be drilled into Alpine glacial overdeepened valleys as part of the DOVE ICDP project) in the second dimension or even survey a region before drilling begins. Thus, we use detailed, 2-D seismic P-wave profiles to reveal the shape and infill of an overdeepened Rhine glacier valley in the area of Basadingen, near to the German/Swiss border. We acquired two profiles nearly perpendicular to the valley strike, approximately 500 m apart. The first profile was 1246 m long, and consisted of a single spread of 624 geophones. The second profile was 1120 m long and was acquired using 200 3-component geophones using a roll-along method. For both profiles we used a vibro-source with a 12 s linear sweep of 20-240 Hz at every second geophone (two metre spacing), which produced a high fold.


We propose a front-end with a combination of a circulator and receive and transmit superconducting filters (SCFs) for applications to the base stations of the future generation wireless communications. Ideally, all superconducting filters used are desirable. We made and estimated a preliminary front-end model with a volume of 43 liters using a duplexer, superconducting filters, and a cryo low noise amplifier (LNA), etc. for 5GHz band recently. In the preliminary model, noise figure (NF) had 2.0 dB or lower, and the transmit SCF endured over 10W. The measured normal duplexer showed that between the receive and transmit channels with 100MHz bandedge separation was isolated to be 30dB, which is not enough for practical use. It was found that the combination of a circulator and receive and transmit SCFs can improved the isolation to 80dB or more. Besides, we designed a new compact front-end that reduce the volume to the target value of 15 liters. To reduce the volume, the cryo-cooler and the dewar with a vacuum chamber, and other RF components needs to be miniaturized. Therefore, we selected the circulator instead of the duplexer.


The invention provides an LED illumination system controlled by the Internet. The LED illumination system comprises a central controller, a wireless receiving/transmitting module, a light-adjustable power supply module, a lighting module and a structure heat radiating component, wherein the wireless receiving/transmitting module is in communication with the central controller; the central controller is connected with the Internet, and analyzes control data uploaded to the Internet. A user can control a lamp via any one host in a local area network, and also can access a mapping port number of the central controller via an outer net to achieve the purpose of controlling the lamp. The LED illumination system can be widely suitable for home illumination, shopping mall illumination and office illumination.


increasing interest in palliative and end-of-life care in the mainstream medical journals recently. The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA),1,2 The New England Journal of Medicine,3 and the Annals of Internal Medicine4 have all run articles this year. JAMA particularly seems to have taken an editorial turn, averaging nearly one such article per issue in the last several weeks. The debate over physician-assisted suicide has certainly played a large role in promoting critical thinking in issues at the end of life. But, however stimulating this issue is, there are other important topics covered recently in the literature. Due to the volume of the dialogue over assisted suicide, some of these issues may be overlooked. One of the most interesting articles of this sort appeared in a June issue of JAMA.5 In "Relationship Between Cancer Patient Predictions of Prognosis and Their Treatment Preferences," author Jane C. Weeks, MD, and her associates report their study of 917 adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer or colon cancer metastatic to the liver. They tallied physician estimates of survival, patient estimates of survival, and actual survival time. The proportion of patients who chose "curative" therapy over palliative care was compared and matched to the survival estimates. The results were depressing—but not at all surprising. The team found that physicians were rather good at estimating survival time in patients with advanced cancer. They also found that patients were significantly less accurate, tending to overestimate survival. For example, 59 percent (n = 543) of the patients gave themselves a total probability of greater than 90 percent of surviving six months, but only 58 percent (n = 314) of those patients were actually alive at the six-month point. Of the 238 patients that gave themselves a greater than 75 percent chance of surviving six months, only 74 (31 percent) lived that long. In contrast, the physicians gave only 58 patients a greater than 90 percent chance of survival, and at the end of the six-month period, 41 (71 percent) of them were still alive. Of course, this begs the question "so what?" Physicians would normally be expected to be better at estimating prognosis than patients, and it seems to be human nature to be overly optimistic when it comes to faith in our medical system's ability to cure disease. The problem is that patients who overestimated their survival tended to choose so-called "life-extending" care (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.) over "quality-of-life" care (i.e., palliative care). Although patients who estimated their survival in the high range tended to live longer, those who chose life-extending therapy showed no statistically significant increase in survival over those who didn't. Also of note, "[p]atients who preferred lifeextending therapy were 1.6 times more likely to experience a readmission to the hospital, an attempted resuscitation, or death while receiving ventilatory assistance than patients who preferred therapy directed at pain relief...." So patients who chose curative therapy had more negative quality of life events and did not live significantly longer than those receiving palliative care.


In reviewing the current substance abuse literature, it becomes evident that our children are using drugs at an alarmingly high rate. 1 Illicit drugs are being used at earlier ages and by more youths than ever before. Of the 23 million individuals in the United States aged 12 through 17 years, 3.5 million use tobacco products (mostly cigarettes), nearly 3 million smoke marijuana, 1 million use various stimulants, and 6 million consume alcohol. 1 The legal "gateway" drug, tobacco, is used daily by more youths than any other drug: 20% of adolescent girls and 16% of boys smoke cigarettes daily, and 12% smoke over half a pack per day. The numerous negative health consequences of tobacco are well known, yet our youths continue to be seduced into tobacco addiction, and our society, incredibly, tolerates this massive, potentially suicidal behavior. We allow a multibillion-dollar advertising campaign to flourish, fueled by the


Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes and extranodal swellings in 160 cases showed granulomatous reaction with or without caseation necrosis in 83%. The material was acellular or predominantly composed of necrotic material, polymorphs, and lymphocytes in 17%. The age of the patient ranged from 1.5 to 72 yr. The male to female ratio was 1:1.3. Acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) could be demonstrated in 40.6% of cases. In cases associated with cellular reaction and necrosis, AFB positivity was 50.0%, while it was 66.7% in cases with acellular necrotic material. Diagn Cytopathol 1987;3:13–16.


A bush-clad hilly area with the Kaeo River winding through towards Whangaroa Harbour (out of sight to the right). In the middle ground is a low rise with the mission station on top, with five buildings and a flagpole carrying the Union Jack. The whole area is cleared and fenced with well-established gardens and fields, with crops and fruit trees. There are cows grazing in a field to the left and several whare and a food platform with a standing and a seated Maori on the far left. In the foreground, inside an enclosure with a low fence, are another standing and a seated Maori man, four more whare and two more food platforms. The view is probably taken from the lower slopes of Pohue, a terraced conical pa site near the mission station
A letter accompanies the drawing, signed by Nathaniel Turner, describing the scene and the use made of the various buildings.
Wesleydale station was founded in June 1823 by Rev'd Samuel Leigh and Rev'd William White. Nathaniel Turner and John Hobbs joined them several months later, when Leigh returned to New South Wales, because of his poor health. On January 15 1827, Maori attacked the station and burned it to the ground. The suggested dating of this work is because the station looks well-established. It is most likely to be shown in 1825 or 1826.

Accompanying letter: To the Secretaries of the Wesleyan Missionary Society ... London: The long Building at the back is a Rush House, 45 feet by 12 - 27 of which is a Schoolroom, the remainder which is in two rooms is occupied by Luke. The House below is our Dwelling the main building of which is 26 by 13, with a Skilling or Leanto at the back 10 feet wide and another at the Southern end 8 feet. The Building to the right on the same level contains three apartments, two below and one above. The one above serves as a Store for Native Provisions etc etc. The one below it is principly occupied by the Native Girls. The Skilling or Leanto is the Carpenters Shop. The tall building above is the Barn and the small one to the right of it is the Cow House which is Rush and Logs. The one down the Bank below is the Boat House, built of Rush. The Garden and young Orchard are within the inner fence below the House. The Wheat Field is to the left and below that. That below and to the left where the Cattle are seen is a Flat of uncultivated ground coverd with small brush wood. The enclosures below are the Native Plantations or Kumera Grounds. The river runs in the front and to the right and left in a very Serpentine manner. The Foreground is part of a Native Village. The principle village where the Pa is, which could not be included is just to the left. The Hills immediately at the back are barren, but those in the distance are covered with fine Timber, Kaudi etc etc. The view of the Settlement does not nearly equal the view in richness of Scenery as from the Settlement. Nath.l Turner.

"Luke" referred to in Turner's letter was Luke Ward, an English servant who assisted on the station, with his wife.
Quantity: 1 drawing(s).
Physical Description: Pencil on wove paper 242 x 381 mm (irreg.)
Provenance: Collection of the Methodist Missionary Society.


This paper expounds the main clauses that should be listed in the contracts of international goods sales,and probes into some problems needing attention in signing the contracts for guiding the persons involved to sign the perfect contract with obvious contents.


The standardized patient (SP) is a healthy individual or an actual patient who trained to portray the roles of patient. The objective of using SP was to encourage the learners to learn and practice on required skills through the realistic interaction between the learner and SP without any harm or risk to the actual patient. SP is found to be an excellent teaching method to facilitate effective communication skills, promote students' confidence, skills and ability to perform physical examination, help students to use critical thinking skills, and assist them to overcome their feelings of nervousness and anxiety. This article also discusses issues to be considered when integrating SP program into nursing curriculum. This article presents an example of implementing SP in practicum class for the junior nursing students aimed to provide care for patients with cancer. Thirty-six nursing students participated in this class. After the class, the majority of students reported that they had good level of knowledge related to nursing care for patients with cancer. More than ninety percent of students informed that they were confident to apply the acquired knowledge to practice. Additionally, ninety-seven percent expressed high level of satisfaction with the SP method. The learners also expressed that they were impressed and enjoy with the method of teaching of integrating SP. They gain direct experience in providing nursing care to the SP as the real situation and they have learned to be aware of the patients' feeling.


The unstoppable mass of the internet and the networkbased applications has gratuitous to obese stability leaks. Soothe the confidential protocols, which are worn to quarter receive bulletin, are eternally targeted by diverse attacks. So there is the need of secure framework for content attack detection. Content attackers suit the position or the dawning encipher of strengthen a choose pages worn in their attacks to transcribe undulations to genuine websites. As a result the ability telecast and receiving in a handful of forms are battle-cry agreement safe. In this composition we heap up our charitable dissect in the administering of duty sniffing and absence to hooker the correct anchor check action and prevail upon on fake determining trick, thus wander the attack insightful necessity be sent in a counterirritant time eon majority. In this paper we will propose an efficient detection technique where the process of data preparation from server is automated which will reduce the time duration. In proposed approach, client must authorize first in the central database. After authorization, server request data from the client. When client request for data server prepares the data by applying the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm as an encryption technique and split them using the partition algorithm as file splitter technique in order to reduce the time overhead. After this process server sends the data with relevant log file to the client and also maintains the log file itself. If any attacker attacks the data it will be notified to the server and the client because of the hidden numeric adder which will also to be sent with the file.


The implementation of entire systems on VLSI chips provides an opportunity for a top-down test strategy. This is possible if the systems designer is familiar with the basic concepts in test, design for testability, and system diagnosis. The paper proposes a two-step education program. The first coarse, "Essentials of Electronic Testing ", teaches the basic principles of testing. It is an undergraduate-level course and should be included in the core curriculum in addition to a VLSI design course. The second course, "Advanced Concepts in VLSI Testing", is a graduate-level course. It is useful for VLSI CAD engineers and for researchers.


With the development of technology, the preservation of digital evidence becomes increasingly important in case investigations. To maintain the authenticity of an evidence, its entire lifecycle has to be recorded. In addition, traditional database technologies are not able to maintain the integrity and authenticity of digital evidence. In order to achieve authentication and integrity, as well as confidentiality, of digital evidence, we propose a protocol for digital evidence chain of custody based on revocable ciphertextpolicy attribute-based encryption, BLS signature, and blockchain technology. In our protocol, attribute-based encryption is used to achieve fine-grained access control and BLS signature is used to verify digital evidence. Besides, we use blockchain technology to ensure the integrity and traceability of digital evidence. Analysis and experimental results show that the proposed protocol, which well balances the privacy and the traceability, guarantees the integrity and validity of evidence.


The lower prices and wider availability of natural gas make it important that chemical engineers become familiar with natural-gas processing and applications. One important use is the generation of power by burning natural gas in a combustion turbine. Traditional systems use air for the oxygen source, but the use of high-purity oxygen with stack gas recirculation is an alternative when sequestration of carbon dioxide is desired. The limiting design parameter in a combustion-turbine system is a maximum turbine inlet (combustor) temperature because of metallurgical constraints. In air-fired systems, enough air must be used to keep below this limit. In oxygen-fired systems, enough CO2-rich stack gas must be recycled to keep below this limit. The purpose of this paper is to review the chemical engineering process design principles involved in setting up combustion-turbine systems.


Sympathetic nervous system overactivation and abnormal lipid metabolism are featured in obesity and may lead to cardiac remodeling. The effects of carotid baroreceptor stimulation (CBS) on cardiac remodeling in obese rats and the underlying mechanisms were explored.


Objective: Analysis the gastroscopic observation and main symptom of chronic gastritis patients treated with Banxia Xiexin Tang.Methods: 60 patients with chronic gastritis were selected and treated with Banxia Xiexin Tang from January,2011 to January 2012 in our department and Divided them into 2 groups randomly as observation group and control group.Observation group received Banxia Xiexin decoction and control group received conventional treatment of western medicine.Compare the gastroscopic observation and main symptom between two groups after treatment.Results: After treatment the clinical symptom scores of stomachache,swell,belching and anorexia in observation group were improved better than control group and the differences were significant.The erosions of gastroscopic observation between two groups has no obvious differences.But the edema and hyperemia of mucous in observation group were less than control group.Conclusion: Banxia Xiexin decoction could improve the clinical symptom and main symptoms.


Access management involves providing (or managing) access to land development while simultaneously preserving the flow of traffic on the surrounding road system in terms of safety, capacity, and speed. This report defines the overall concept of Access Management, reviews the state of the art of current practice, and sets forth basic policy, planning, and design guidelines. The guidelines cover (1) legal and institutional bases for controlling access, (2) access permit procedures and studies, (3) access categories (levels) and spacing standards, and (4) design concepts and criteria. The research was conducted by Metro Transportation Group, Inc., Bloomingdale, Illinois, and Herbert S. Levinson, New Haven, Connecticut. The findings are based on an extensive literature search and a survey of state and local traffic engineers and major private developers to obtain information on effective access management practices, policies, and enforcement techniques.


The total score for correct answers about managing permanent avulsed teeth had a mean of 4.77 and a standard deviation of 2.14 (out of 10 questions). With a permanent avulsed tooth, 35.37% were aware of dental reimplanting, 27.7% identified milk as an appropriate medium, and 57.5% would seek professional help immediately after dental trauma. Females and participants with a bachelor's or higher degree had significantly higher levels of knowledge than males and participants with a high school or lower education. There were 28.5% of respondents who had a previous history of dental trauma for a child. A total of 62.1% knew that there is a difference in managing deciduous versus permanent teeth, but only 40.7% knew the proper management for deciduous avulsed teeth. Previous history of child dental avulsion was not found to be associated with more knowledge on managing avulsed deciduous or permanent teeth.


Introduction Distribution networks are presently attracting increasing interest by all electrical market stakeholders. In the recent years in fact, due to economical, environmental and political reasons, the traditional power system, characterized by centralized bulk power production and wide/long transmission networks, is increasingly supported also by energy-resources connected to the distribution grid, a tendency commonly denoted as distributed generation (DG). It is worth adding that in the recent years DG penetration in the distribution systems has become faster and tangible in a way that in several countries the maximum limit of allowed connections that can be managed with the traditional passive networks approach has been reached. Hence, over the coming years, networks structure, design and operation will have to be radically modified in a way in which generation must be viewed as an integral part of the distribution network system. Important investments and research are then needed to renew the electrical distribution segment in order to achieve a sort of " self-healing " distribution system, which allows not only managing large clusters of energy resources, but also the increase of the service quality level. There is a general consensus in the fact that the migration towards this new kind of grid paradigm is achievable through efforts focused on the control, automation and adjustment of the operation procedures currently used. Within this context, the thesis focuses on the operation of the so-called active distribution networks. The followed approach is to centralize all the operation and control functions in a single platform called " Distribution Management System " (DMS). Such an approach is justified by the need of managing small and medium-size dispersed generators, also belonging to different operators and characterized by non-dispatchable generation profiles (e.g., renewable energy resources) as potential elements of the electrical/energy market. Multiple levels of intervention are required to an advanced DMS operating within an active distribution network. As an example, it must be able to schedule the steady state configurations of the system performing any kind of optimization, deliver control commands and supervise the transient phases between different stationary operating points and recognize/process electromagnetic transients for protection devices. Introduction 2 Specific energy-resources scheduling procedures, which can be included as functions in the DMS, need to be developed with the aim of operating the dispersed resources in an optimal technical-economical manner during both the normal and the emergency conditions. Furthermore, for these latter, detailed analysis needs to be carried …


Expansion produced by alkali-silica reaction (ASR) has been observed in the turbine generator foundation of the unit 1, Ikata nuclear power station, Japan. The foundation is a reinforced concrete frame structure. This paper, as a part of the series of investigation and experiments, discusses tests on structural behavior of concrete members affected by ASR. The purpose of the study is to obtain experimental results on the effects of ASR on bending and shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams and shear walls, and compare with the calculated results by present evaluation methods for normal concrete structures For the experiments on bending/shear behavior of beam, bending test models with a small amount of rebar and shear test models with larger amount were made of concrete in which ASR was induced by adding alkali or concrete without ASR. It was found from the results that bending strength of the bending test models and shear strength of the shear test models did not fall, nor was it lower than the calculated strength for concrete members without ASR. In the shear wall test, the two test models were made of either concrete with ASR or one without it. Horizontal load was applied with actuators on the test model fixed on the test floor, while vertical load was applied with oil jacks. The results did not indicate that ASR lowered the stiffness or strength of the wall test models, showing the strength was able to be calculated with the same formula for reinforced concrete wall without ASR.


In Gryllus domesticus (Linn.), the alimentary canal is of typical orthopteran type and its regions are ranked as foregut > midgut > hindgut. It is slightly longer than its body length and this morphometric feature is corresponding to its omnivorous nature. It is characterised by the presence of peritrophic membrane in midgut. The wall of posterior proventriculus is much thicker (6.75 μ) than the wall of anterior proventriculus (3.37 μ), crop (1.39 μ), oesophagus (1.12 μ), and pharynx (0.58 μ). The wall of midgut is more developed than that of fore and hindgut, except posterior proventriculus. In midgut, it is more developed in anterior (5.42 μ) than in the posterior mesenteron (3.42 μ). In hindgut, the thickness of wall is 2.62, 1.12 and 1.26 μ in rectum, colon and ileum, respectively. In anterior mesentron, the epithelium is differentiated into functional and regeneritive epithelium. This differentiation is wanting in posterior mesentron and its cells are without brush border. The thickness of intima is 0.09 μ in pharynx; 0.36 μ in oesophagus, crop and anterior proventriculus and 0.45 μ in posterior ventriculus. It is absent in midgut. In hindgut, the intima is 0.09 μ in ileum and colon, and 0.27 μ thick in rectum. The hepatic caeca are histologically identical with mesentron and provided with a few major and numerous small folds to reduce its lumen. Six rectal glands are well developed and adapted for water absorption as Gryllus domesticus is found in dry places. Its digestive glands include a pair of salivary glands which are of typical orthopteran type.


The emphasis in this study was on the use of multiple pass trajectories for aerobraking. However, for comparison, single pass trajectories, trajectories using ballutes, and trajectories corrupted by atmospheric anomolies were run. A two-pass trajectory was chosen to determine the relation between sensitivity to errors and payload to orbit. Trajectories that used only aerodynamic forces for maneuvering could put more weight into the target orbits but were very sensitive to variations from the planned trajectors. Using some thrust control resulted in less payload to orbit, but greatly reduced the sensitivity to variations from nominal trajectories. When compared to the non-thrusting trajectories investigated, the judicious use of thrusting resulted in multiple pass trajectories that gave 97 percent of the payload to orbit with almost none of the sensitivity to variations from the nominal.


To accommodate the difficulty of identifying a single 'true' or 'reference' class, the reference data protocol of an accuracy assessment may include identifying both a primary and alternate reference land cover label along with a rating of the interpreter's confidence in the reference classification obtained for each sample location. This additional reference information is used to construct a nominal variable (called CONF) in which the categories represent the 'confidence' in the correctness of the map land cover classification at a given location. An accuracy measure that incorporates uncertainty in the reference classification is then derived by assigning partial credit weights to each CONF class. Further, the accuracy reporting format can be organized by CONF classes to provide additional understanding of the relationship between accuracy and uncertainty in the reference classification. The analysis is illustrated using an accuracy assessment of a land cover map of Portugal. These analyses incorporating uncertainty in the reference classification are intended to supplement traditional analyses to further enhance understanding of the accuracy of land cover maps.


A sequential extraction procedure was developed for fractionation of rare earths in soil.RE forms in 20 types of soils have been studied using this method.The result shows that the main part of total RE in soil is in residue form,its distribution ratio accounts to 56.59±10.37%.The followings are Fe oxide bond and weak bond in organic matter forms.The amount of carbonate bond and strong bond in organic matter forms depends on soil types.Exchangeable and Mn oxide bond forms are low in soils.Exchangeable forms vary strongly in different types of soils,its C.V.could be 122% in 20 types of soils.


Activation functions used in hidden layers directly affect the possibilities for describing nonlinear systems using a feedforward neural network. Furthermore, linear based activation functions are less computationally demanding than their nonlinear alternatives. In addition, feedforward neural networks with linear based activation functions can be advantageously used for control of nonlinear systems, as shown in previous authors' publications. This paper aims to compare two types of linear based functions - symmetric linear saturated function and the rectifier linear unit (ReLU) function as activation functions of the feedforward neural network used for a nonlinear system approximation. Topologies with one hidden layer and the combination of defined quantities of hidden layer neurons in the feedforward neural network are used. Strict criteria are applied for the conditions of the experiments; specifically, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is applied as a training algorithm and the Nguyen-Widrow algorithm is used for the weights and biases initialization. Three benchmark systems are then selected as nonlinear plants for approximation, which should serve as a repeatable source of data for testing. The training data are acquired by the computation of the output as a reaction to a specified colored input signal. The comparison is based on the convergence speed of the training for a fixed value of the error function, and also on the performance over a constant number of epochs. At the end of the experiments, only small differences between the performance of both applied activation functions are observed. Although the symmetric linear saturated activation function provides the lesser median of the final error function value across the all tested numbers of neurons in topologies, the ReLU function seems to be also capable of use as the activation function for nonlinear system modeling.


The authors described the late subjective audiometric verifications of the auditory brainstem responses (ABR) results in a group of hard-of-hearing children treated in Phoniatric Department of Children Hospital Dziekanów Leśny. The audiometric examinations took place after some time of the speech and hearing rehabilitation. The rehabilitation effects make the audiometric examinations feasible. The correlation between these two type of examinations was good.


The World Wide Web is a perennial reposit ory of immense information. Web has provided with t oo many options and web users are overloaded with information. As there is an enormous growth in the web in terms of web sites, the size of web usage data is also in creasing gradually. But this web usage data plays a vital role in the effec tiv management of web sites. This web usage data i s stored in a file called weblog by the web server. In order to discover the knowledge, required for improving the performance o f websites and web personalization, we need to apply best preprocessin g methodology on the server weblog files. Data preprocessing is a phase which automatically i dentifies the meaningful patterns and user behavior . S far analyzing the weblog data has been a challenging task in the area of web usage mining. Web personalization is most effective approach to o vercome the problem of information overload.In this paper we propose an effective and enhanced data preprocessing methodolo gy which produces an efficient usage patterns, redu c s the size of weblog and produce a personalized website which hel p to improve E-business.The experimental results ar e also shown in the following chapters.


There are two well-known methods of deducing Jacobi's necessary condition in the calculus of variations. One is geometric in character, depending upon a property of an envelope of a one-parameter family of extremals through a fixed point, the cases when the envelope has a singular point being usually excluded.f The second proof involves complicated manipulations of the second variation. For the problem in parametric form in the plane the reduction of the second variation was devised by Weierstrass and is a remarkable piece of analysis. J It is, however, very artificial and not easily extensible to problems in more than two dimensions. For problems in parametric form in higher spaces a discussion of the second variation has been made by von Escherich§ by methods in part quite unsymmetrical. The lack of symmetry is due to the division of an arc Vi = yi{t) «iSisiiii-1,2, ••-,»»)


A new ultrasonic raging system applied in the mine detection robot is discussed.Varieties of hardware and software technologies are used to enhance precision of time point detection and reduce the range of blind zone.Experiments prove that the blind zone is small,the performance is stable in far and near measure range,and the accuracy accords with engineering requirements in this system.It can be used in the environment which requires small measuring blind zone and relatively high measuring accuracy.


The paper introduces the building and application of Multisim2001 in subcircuits module ,and the technology of using subcircuits module simulate in diminutive electricity system so as to change the curricula design of speciality on electricity from theory to practice, and at the same time, to improve students' ability of the knowledge of integrated application.


This report discusses the changing role and finance of sea-based systems in U.S. ballistic missile defense (BMD). Decisions that Congress reaches on this issue could affect U.S. BMD capabilities and funding requirements; the size, capabilities, and operational patterns of the Navy and the other services; and the shipbuilding industrial base.


Steam assisted gravity drainage technology (SAGD) is now one of the most commonly used thermal recovery technologies in heavy oil and oil sand mining. Compared with traditional technologies like steam injection or in-situ combustion, it has such advantages like stable displacement, large stratum contact area, good oil displacement effect and high recovery rate, but there also exist some problems like high cost, short cycle of steam, etc. In order to better guide technical innovation in heavy oil and oil sand recovery, research has been conducted on new progress based on SAGD. This paper elaborates the principles, innovations and advantages and disadvantages of five new technologies based on technical innovations in SAGD, i.e. single well SAGD (SWSAGD), expanding solvent SAGD (ES-SAGD), foam solvent SAGD (FA-SAGD), combustion-assisted gravity drainage (CAGD) and steam assisted gravity drainage with oxygen (SAGDOX). It concludes that innovation lies in that combination of well-type change and steam solvent enlarges the steam chamber and hence improves the energy utilization and recovery rate and in that the combination of steam injection and combustion method maximizes the exploitation of effective energy. Innovations based on SAGD provide technical references for follow-up technical reserves and innovations for the development of heavy oil and oil sand.


We introduce the class of \right almost V -rings" which is properly between the classes of right V -rings and right good rings. A ring R is called a right almost V -ring if every simple R-module is almost injective. It is proved that R is a right almost V -ring if and only if for every R-module M, any complement of every simple submodule of M is a direct summand. Moreover, R is a right almost V -ring if and only if for every simple R-module S, either S is injective or the injective hull of S is projective of length 2. Right Artinian right almost V -rings and right Noetherian right almost V -rings are characterized. A 2 2 upper triangular matrix ring over R is a right almost V -ring precisely when R is semisimple.


A simple and rapid stability indicating reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method
 has been established and validated for the simultaneous quantification of lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil
 fumarate, doravirine and efavirenz in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic
 separation was performed on Acquity Ethylene Bridged Hybrid Phenyl (50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)
 column. The isocratic elution system of water and acetonitrile in the ratio 50:50 v/v pumped at a flow rate
 0.4 ml/min in isocratic mode. The injection volume set was 1 μl and the detection wavelength was 238 nm.
 The column temperature was set at 30o. The retention times of lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate,
 doravirine and efavirenz were found to be 1.012 min, 1.233 min, 1.428 min and 1.666 min respectively
 with a total run time of 3 min. The proposed method was validated according to International Council
 on Harmonisation Q2 (R1) guidelines. The percentage recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.56
 -100.40 %. The relative standard deviation values obtained during precision studies were found to be
 less than 2. Linearity between concentration and response was found within the specified concentration
 range and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.999 for all the drugs. Degradation studies were
 carried out under various stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation, heat and light and found no
 interference of degraded impurity peaks at the retention time of analyte peaks. Hence, the proposed
 ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method can be utilized in the routine quality investigation of
 lamivudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, doravirine and efavirenz either individually or simultaneously
 in bulk and co-formulated dosage forms.


Jackson's novel does, in fact, live on in the scenic and iconic world that is so central to Southern California. As DeLyser asserts in her concluding paragraph, ''the golden glow [of Ramona] cast over the region's past has not yet completely faded'' (p. 188). In her work she has accumulated a substantial and catholic bibliography and good textual discussion of social memories as part of the outfall of the popular success of a romance novel. Only the map (p. viii) forces this reviewer to cry foul in the face of so much that could have been shown, and was not brought to clarity.


control graph is an effective tool for control the working operation in guality management.But acoording to this control graph,two kinds of mistakes could easy appear.This article will deal with the mathematical deductin and theoretical analysis about the probability α and β of the mistakes,so that it can be applied to the practice better and more efficiently.


The invasion profiles of mud filtrate invading into a permeable layer was theoretically studied and numerically analyzed.By means of simulation,the radial distribution of formation water saturation,salinity and formation resistivity after invasion were computed.The forming process of the low resistivity annulus was explained on the concept of relative permeability.The effects of formation parameters,such as formation porosity,water saturation and mud filtrate salinity,on the invasion profiles were also analyzed.The existence of low resistivity annulus was proved by one dimensional oil-bearing core displacement experiment with fresh mud filtrate and by field logging data. It is found that the effect of low resistivity annulus on induction logs,such as array induction logs,is greater than that on lateral logs,and that the identification of low resistivity annulus from array induction logs can be used to classify oil pay-zone.


. For integration in pull production systems, 50 Ohm HF plant is fully automated and complies with CNOMO standards in addition to NE 50011 . This kind of plant requires heavy investment, which can be difficult to recover in some industrial sectors (wood, foodstuffs, etc.). We therefore need to develop a new generation of 50 Ohm HF equipment capable of meeting profitability an design criteria.


ABSTI~ACT: Preschool-age children drew, decoded, and encoded facial expressions depicting five different emotions. Each child was rated by two teachers on measures of school adjustment. Facial expressions encoded by the children were decoded by college undergraduates and the children's parents. Results were as follows: (1) accuracy of drawing, decoding and encoding each of the five emotions was consistent across the three tasks; (2) decoding abilitY was correlated with drawing ability among female subjects, ut neitller of these abilities was correlated with encoding ability; (3) decoding abilitY increased with age, while encoding ability increased with age among females and slightly decreased among males; (4) parents decoded facial expressions of tlieir own children better than facial expressions of other children, and female parents were better decoders than male parents; (5) children's adjustment to school was related to their encoding and decoding skills and to their mothers' decoding skills; (6) children with better decoding skills were rated as being better adjusted by their parents.


In this study, we develop a discrete-event simulation model to aid the Trager Institute, an outpatient clinic for optimal aging located in Louisville, Kentucky, in determining their safe reopening strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic and operational strategies beyond the pandemic. The model studies the movement of several groups of people (e.g., healthcare providers, navigators, patients, staff) and the operations of the clinic's primary and ancillary services. The main objective is to ensure that the clinic operates safely while COVID-19 restrictions are in place and to improve its providers' utilization rate. The model simulates people's movement in the clinic, monitors the congestion level in four common areas, and identifies the peak hours during a day. We also study various overbooking and telehealth policies to overcome high cancelation or no-show rates and low utilization for providers. Simulation results using AnyLogic have helped the management decide to reopen the in-person services during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the safe congestion level demonstrated by the simulation. Insights on optimal overbooking and telehealth policies can shed a broader light on other healthcare organizations. History: This paper was refereed.


Platanus acerifolia(Ait.)Wild leaf scorch disease occurrence trend and environmental light intensity or age of tree impact on it were investigated in 2008.The result showed that Platanus acerifolia(Ait.)Wild leaf scorch disease started occurring at mid-May,the disease developed slowly during later-May to mid-July and progressed faster from later-July,Platanus acerifolia(Ait.)Wild leaf scorch disease spread evidently bad during August to later-October.Environmental light intensity had influenced heavily to the disease indices.The diseased indices at the sun(41.66%)were evidently higher than that of at sunless(13.77%).Diseased tree percentage had evidently difference to different tree's age,the disease indices at sunless had not evidently difference.The disease indices had increased with increment of tree-age at the sun.


There is an urgent need for new techniques and procedures for assessing problem solving abilities in elementary school children. There is also a need to develop testing procedures which can be adapted to individual differences of children in their ability to deal with abstractions and with test reading demands. Thus, we undertook to develop problem solving for tests for elementary school children with the test format varying across levels of


Basing on the age groups like, the last age, the first age group, and the marriage age, the proportion of the youth who get involved in premarital sexual relationship is evidently increasing from year to year. This has led to the emergence of various problems connected with unprotected sexuality and reproductive health of the youth. Up to 76.1 percent cases of premarital sexual activities were first carried out between age limits 21-71 years. Most of them involved students of high school and tertiary institutions. There is a tendency that the higher the level of education, the higher will be the degree of permissiveness towards premarital sexual relationship. Most of the new marriages involve pregnant cases of between 3-6 months. The proportion of premarital sex cases is higher in the urban areas compared to the rural areas.


The performance of concatenated codes that employ a short-constraint-length convolutional inner code and a Reed-Solomon outer code is considered on the DPSK channel. It is shown that, as in the coherent case, reliable communications can be provided at signal-to-noise ratios that are close to the SNR corresponding to the critical rate of the channel. High rate Reed-Solomon codes defined on 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-bit alphabets and k= 5, k= 7, and k = 9 rate-¿ convolutional codes are considered. It is shown that an overall post-decoding bit-error rate of 10-6 can be provided with 5.6 dB ¿ Eb/N0 ¿ 7.0 dB for concatenated code designs that employ the aforementioned codes.


We investigate the potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to probe one of the most compelling Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) frameworks --- Walking Technicolor (WTC), involving strong dynamics and having a slowly running (walking) new strong coupling. For this purpose we use recent LHC Run2 data to explore the full parameter space of the minimal WTC model using dilepton signatures from heavy neutral $Z^{\prime}$ and $Z^{\prime\prime}$ resonances predicted by the model. This signature is the most promising one for discovery of WTC at the LHC for the low-intermediate values of the $\tilde g$ coupling -- one of the principle parameters of WTC. We have demonstrated complementarity of the dilepton signals from both resonances, have established the most up-to-date limit on the WTC parameter space, and provided projections for the the LHC potential to probe the WTC parameter space at higher future luminosities and upgraded energy. We have explored the whole four-dimensional parameter space of the model and have found the most conservative limit on the WTC scale $M_A$ above 3 TeV for the low values of $\tilde g$ which is significantly higher than previous limits established by the LHC collaborations.


The development of IT technology has evoked a revolution in office field,with a result of non-paper office work.In this article,we are going to discuss the main features of Office Automation System,and analyze the solutions to the main problems,and the importance of OA system in rail transportation.


Conceptualization FIGURE 2. Kolb's Learning Styles 16 The divergers prefer to perceive information by concrete experience and process it by reflective observation. Their strengths are in their imaginative ability. They like to view situations from different perspectives and then weave relationships into a meaningful whole. They are called divergers because they are good at generating ideas and brainstorming. They tend to be people oriented and emotional. The assimilators prefer to perceive information by abstract conceptualization and process it by reflective observation. Their strengths are in creating theoretical models. They are called assimilators because they like to assimilate disparate observations into an integrated whole. They are primarily interested in abstract concepts and are more concerned about the soundness of the ideas or theories themselves than their application. They tend to be less interested in people. The convergers prefer to perceive information by abstract conceptualization and process it by active experimentation. Their strengths lie in the practical application of ideas. They are called convergers because they appear to do well when there is a single correct answer or solution to a question or a problem. They are relatively unemotional and prefer dealing with things rather than people. 17 Accommodators prefer to perceive information by concrete experience and process it by active experimentation. Their strengths lie in doing things, in carrying out plans and experiments and involving themselves in new experiences. They are risk takers and are called accommodators because they do well in situations in which they must adapt to meet specific immediate circumstances. They tend to solve problems in an intuitive trial and error manner and rely heavily on other people for information rather than their own analytic ability. According to Kolb (1984), a person's current job role is one of the factors influencing learning style. The task demands and pressures of a job tend to shape a person's adaptive orientation. Executive jobs that require a strong orientation to task accomplishment and decision making in uncertain emergent circumstances require an accommodative learning style. Personal jobs that require the establishment of personal relationships and effective communication with other people demand a divergent learning style. Technical jobs that require technical and problem-solving skills require a convergent learning orientation. Another learning style instrument that measures the cognitive mode of learning style is the Gregorc Style Delineator. Gregorc (1979) identified learning style as


The technical reform is the way one must follow or take for thermal power plant energy saving at large amplitude.This paper introduced the technical reform for EP electric control system in Guizhou Dafang Power Generation Corporation Limited,and analyzed bravely the reasons of high energy consumption under the normal operation method.The operation current has been decreased observably after adopting DKZ-2 EP electric control device,the energy saving effect is obvious.


The origin, movement and interaction of heavy metals into water bodies Antequera basin, located near Lake Poopo Oruro is very important, because mining and agricultural activity that develops in the area. Thus, considering the hydrochemistry of the area (mining and agriculture), we determined that there is great influence of mining on water resources in the basin. Hydrochemical analysis was developed considering the following parameters: arsenic, lead, iron, manganese, copper, cadmium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates, nitrates, pH, and electrical conductivity. These parameters were spatialized directly in the case of surface water and used the Inverse Distance interpolation Moving Average for the case of groundwater. A comparison was made temporary space of parameters with data from the periods: transition, dry and wet from 2007 to 2009. The main metal from mining activities and mining waste is zinc. The characterization of the waters indicates that waters from the mining area are mainly calcium sulfate, whereas the agricultural area has water sodium chloride and calcium bicarbonate. Through the hydrochemistry and supervised classification of satellite images of the basin, we found the relationship between land use and water chemistry. The areas most impacted by the mining activity are: Martha, Avicaya Totoral and along the main channel of river Avicaya and these areas the most affected by this activity is the south of the basin, the town of Pazna, this area forms the infiltration or flood plain, its main activity (agriculture) is greatly affected by mining activities developed in the upper basin.


The paper mainly analyzes the tourism resources of Hebei province.It gives a deep analysis on how to cultivate and develop the tourism consumption market,as well as the decisional factors,and ultimately comes to strengthen the concept of big traveling by various means such as publicizing through media,improving Yan-Zhao culture tourism resources.This paper proposes that in order to cultivate the tourism development,environmental tourism and cultural tourism should be combined to enforce the market competition.


because of disordered function of the temporal lobe, which may be related to disorder of structure when morphological study is available. It follows that even though the lesion may be a small one the patient is brain-damaged, to use a topical phrase. As the part of the brain damaged is responsible for the integration of all sensation into total experience, and as that experience is primarily responsible for behaviour, it would not be surprising if the epilepsy was associated with psychological disorders reflected in disturbance of mood or attitude, or evidenL in disturbed social behaviour. That of course is the case, tor so many people with aggressive psychopathic behaviour also have disturbance of this part of the brain either reflected in the electroencephalogram or in morbid anatomical studies. If the clinician will keep clearly before him the distinction between what happens in the attack itself (the ictus) and what results from the post-ictal confusional state, and will then divorce these events from the total behaviour of the patient, he will be doing just what the neurologist does when he is faced with the much simpler situation in a patient who has a parietal lobe lesion. In this case there may be a hemiplegia with disturbance of feeling which will affect the patient's behaviour at a lower level of functional integration, and this disturbance of movement or behaviour may well be associated with attacks of a parietal lobe kind-that is to say, a focal fit affecting arm or leg,. In this simple situation there is no difficulty in distinguishing between the intermittent epileptic event and the continued life handicap. Although the distinction is much less obvious with temporal lobe lesions, it exists, and in practice it can in most cases be made. To know that it exists will prevent serious mistakes. Lastly, a point which has been made before must be re-emphasized-that in any epileptic patient the impact of the attacks upon the subject's life is apt to lead to psychological difficulties the effects of which are to increase the frequency of attacks and severity of epilepsy ; when the epilepsy includes in its experiences psychic disturbances it is particularly prone to be aggravated by psychological distress.


CO RR EC TE D P RO OF younger age in MS. The whole brain volume and the grey matter volume showed significant correlations with present EDSS, but these three variables were similarly correlated with the present age and the disease duration. The FLAIR lesion volume did not correlate with the present EDSS. Conclusion: We observed accelerated brain atrophy in Japanese MS patients, though the estimated atrophy rate was slower than that in Caucasian patients. Japanese MS patients may require early treatment to prevent brain atrophy, as in Caucasian patients.