The power conversion efficiency for solar cells fabricated using organometal halide perovskites (OMHPs) has risen to more than 20% in a short span of time, making OMHPs promising solar materials for harnessing energy from sunlight. The hybrid perovskite architecture that consists of organic molecular cations and an inorganic lattice could also potentially serve as a robust platform for materials design to realize functionalities beyond photovoltaic applications. Taking methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as an example, we explore the response of organometal halide perovskites to various stimuli, using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with a first-principles-based interatomic potential. We find that a large electric field is necessary to introduce a sizable molecular ordering at room temperature in unstrained MAPbI3. Molecular dipoles in epitaxially strained MAPbI3 are more susceptible to an electric field. We also report various caloric effects in MAPbI3. The adiabatic thermal change is estimated d...


Background: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness affecting 67 million people worldwide. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma. High intraocular pressure and a positive family history for glaucoma are commonly associated risk factors. Purpose: To study the association of WDR36 gene polymorphisms (rs 10038177, rs 1971050) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Iraqi population and to detect the impact of these polymorphismon intra ocular pressure and cup-disk ratio. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to find the association of WDR36 gene polymorphisms (rs 10038177, rs 1971050) with primary open angle glaucoma in Iraqi population. The study included 150 patients and 150 controls) who attended the ophthalmology unit at Al-Sader medical city and Al-Hakeem hospital in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped by PCR-RFLP by using (AluI) enzyme. To compare the proportion of genotypes and alleles the multinomial logistic regression was applied. The odd ratio was calculated with and without adjustment for age and sex to evaluate risk of developing of POAG. Result: The results shown that homozygous (CC) significantly (OR= 3.57 CI 95% (1.49-8.57), P= 0.004) increased the risk of POAG by three fold with respect to those of the wild (TT) after adjustment for age and sex and heterozygous (TC) genotypes significantly (OR= 2.04 (1.24-3.36) P= 0.005) raised the risk of POAG by two folds. The frequency of the C allele of (rs 10038177) (T/C) polymorphism was significantly higher (0.005) in POAG (33.3%) compared to controls (19.3%).While the results of genotype frequency of WDR36 gene polymorphism (rs 1971050) shown that homozygous (CC) and heterozygous (TC) genotypes have no significant association with the risk of POAG disease (OR= 1.28, CI 95% 0.67 -2.46, P= 0.45) and (OR= 3.48, CI 95% 0.68 -17.78 , P= 0.13) respectively. Conclusion: The WDR36 gene polymorphism (rs 10038177) is involved in the pathogenesis of POAG. keywords: Glaucoma; Gene polymorphisms; Ocular disorders; Mutation Introduction Glaucoma is a group of ocular disorders that varies clinically and genetically with different causes and associated with characteristic by an excavation of the optic disc and progressive alteration of the visual field defect [1,2]. It is the second leading cause of blindness affecting 67 million people worldwide [3]. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of glaucoma. High intraocular pressure (IOP) above 21 mmHg and a positive family history for glaucoma are commonly associated risk factors. Genetically, most POAG cases follow a complex non-Mendelian pattern of inheritance, which manifests clinically in adulthood (> 40 years) [4]. To date, three genes, namely MYOC, OPTN, and WDR36 have been reportedly linked to POAG [5]. WDR36 is the POAG gene at the GLC1G locus and is composed of 23 exons that encodes a 951 amino acid protein with multiple G beta winged domain 40 (WD40) repeats [6]. The role of WDR36 in glaucoma remains unclear. It has been suggested that WDR36 may participate in T-cell activation [7]. T-cell responses may be involved in optic nerve degeneration in glaucoma. These findings indicate that WDR36 may contribute to glaucoma by modifying optic nerve degeneration [8]. 353 Two Variants of WDR36 Genes in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Citation: Adelah Abbood Taher., et al. "Two Variants of WDR36 Genes in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma". EC Ophthalmology 3.5 (2016): 352-358. Materials and Methods This is a case-control study of 150 POAG (age, 61.96 ± 9.5 years; 77 women and 73 men) and150 controls (age, 63.7±8.8 years; 91 women and 59 men) who attended the ophthalmology unit at Al-Sader medical city and Al-Hakeem hospital in Al-Najaf, Al-Ashraf governorate from May 2014 to March 2015 were included in this study. All patients and age and sex matched controls underwent a complete ophthalmic examination in order to confirm the diagnosis of POAG by ophthalmologist. Inclusion criteria for cases: Age ≥ 40 years, glaucomatous optic neuropathy with compatible visual field loss for POAG, open anterior chamber angles on gonioscopy and IOP consistently ≥ 22 mmHg. While the exclusion criteria include age below 40 years, other types of primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma due to preexisting ocular and extra ocular lesions and non-glaucomatous field losses and disc changes (high myopia). Peripheral blood samples of POAG and control groups were collected in EDTA-anticoagulant tubes, and then DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using the Reliaprep genomic DNA extraction kit (Promega, U.S.A.). Then DNA concentration and purity were measured by UV absorption at 260 and 280 nm (BioDrop, U.K). Genotypic was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for WDR36 gene (rs10038177, rs1971050) using thermocycler (Biometra, Germany). The primer sequences were obtained from [15]. Gene/SNP Primer Primer sequences Annealing temperature WDR36 (rs 1971050) Forward Reverse 5′-GAGGTGAAGAGCAATTGGGTTTCTC-3′ 5′-GCAGTGTCAGGAAAGACACTGTACC-3′ 60 °C WDR36 (rs 10038177) Forward Reverse 5′-GCCTCTCATTTATTTTATTTCTCAAGG-3′ 5′-CCTCTGATACAGGGGACCAACTG-3′ 62 °C Table 1: The sequence and annealing temperature of primers used. Amplification was performed in a total volume of 25 μl which contained 12.5 μl of Go Taq Green Master Mix, (Promega corporation, Madison.WI), 1.5 μl of each primer (1 mM final concentration) (One Alpha, U.S.A), 4.5 μl of nuclease free water and 5 μl of DNA tamplate. PCR reaction program protocol for WDR36 genepolymorphisms revealed in Table 2. Type of Cycle Temperature Time No. of Cycles Initial Denaturation 95°C 4 min 1 cycle Denaturation 95°C 30s 35 cycles Annealing 50–62°C 30s Extension 72°C 30s Final Extension 72°C 4 min 1 cycle Table 2: PCR reaction program protocol for WDR36 gene (rs 1971050) and (rs 10038177) polymorphisms [15]. Amplification products of WDR36 genepolymorphisms (rs 10038177, rs 1971050) were 458bp and 238bp respectively. The products were digested with 10 u of restriction enzyme AIuI (Promega) and ran on 3% agarose gels.


This study aims to: (1) determine the process of developing e-LKPD based on the discovery learning model on acid and base materials to improve learning outcomes. (2) determine the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of e-LKPD based on discovery learning models on acid and base materials to improve learning outcomes. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This development research procedure follows the ADDIE model which consists of 5 phases, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed that the level of validity of the e-LKPD based on the discovery learning model on the average acid and base material was stated to be very valid and feasible to use. This is based on the results of validation by expert validators with a general validation value of 3.50 or a very valid category. The practicality of the e-LKPD media with the discovery learning model is stated to be practical with a presentation of around 70% - 100%. The e-LKPD media with the discovery learning model is very effective to use. Completeness or achievement of the pretest KKM or those who scored 75 and above were 5 people (13.89%) and increased to 36 student (100%). The developed e-LKPD media contains, (1) title cover, (2) KD and Learning Indicators, (3) brief material, (4) stimulus video, (5) problem formulation column, (6) observation column, (7 ) conclusion column.


The Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University aims at producing competent medical professionals who are knowledgeable about the social and environmental aspects of health problems. Students are trained to use appropriate technology and to participate in enhancing the quality of life for Thai people. High standards of ethics and moral behavior are important qualities for all physicians; they are seriously addressed at all levels of medical education. The Faculty encourages a positive attitude toward promoting public health as well as providing community service throughout the curriculum. Collaboration between many different agencies and authorities is necessary to build up the required abilities of the students. Mechanisms for more efficient collaboration are being set up between the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Interior Affairs, and the Ramathibodi Medical Faculty for training medical graduates in beha...


Proximate analysis of the leaves and stems of long- fruited jute (Ewedu) and local garden egg (Igbagba) was carried out. The protein content of the leaves samples ranges between 24.14±0.20% to 29.85± 0.22% while that of the stem ranges between 20.96 ±0.11% to 40.00±1.07%. Dry matter content of leaves ranges between 92.21 ± 0.05% to 95.46 ± 0.44% while that of the stem ranges 92.23±0.24% to 94.38± 1.10%. Ash content of the leaves is between 10.75±0.04 to 19.26± 0.16 while that of the stem is 15.15±0.01% to 16.06 ± 0.31%. Fibre content of the leaves is between 6.64±0.01 to 18.51 ± 0.01% while that of the stem ranges between 20.47± 0.01% to 22.50 ± 0.01%. Fat content of the leaves is between 13.96 ± 0.01% to 14.81 ± 0.01% while that of stem is between 14.02±0.01% to 15.36 ± 0.01%. Carbohydrate content of leaves ranges between 9.78±0.17 % to 39.57 ±0.06%. Mineral analysis of the leaves and stems shows that they contained good and high amount of nutritionally valuable elements like Fe, Ca, Na, P, Mg, K, and Zn. properly used and well supplied with both nutrients and organic matter in order to retain their fertility ( Rice and Tindall, 1987). The lipids occur in the cytoplasm mitochondria and cell membrane and appear to be necessary for the proper structure and functioning of cells ( Roborts, 1976 ). The elements present in the most naturally occurring protein are carbon 59%, hydrogen 7%, oxygen 23%, nitrogen 16% and sulphur 0.3%. (Thekoronye and Ngoddy, 1985). Vegetables are good sources of minerals, protein, lipid (fat ) and vitamins. Minerals are essentials as constituents of the bones and teeth (Ca, P, Mn) as soluble salt which help to control the composition of the body fluids and cells (K, Mg, P). Leafy vegetables are sources of vitamins in the tropics. ( okodide, 1990).


Five species of fungi, isolated from submerged wood collected from a Brunei peat swamp forest, were tested for their competitive ability. Annulatascus velatisporus, Beverwykella pulmonaria, Dactylella sp., Monodictys pelagica and Pleurophragmium sp. were paired in all possible combinations on wood and agar in the laboratory. In addition, autoclaved wood blocks were inoculated with these isolates and placed back into water in the peat swamp forest. On agar, there was a competitive hierarchy of Dactylella sp. > Pleurophragmium sp. > A. velatisporus > B. pulmonaria > M. pelagica. In the inoculated blocks exposed in the peat swamp forest however, M. pelagica, A. velatisporus and B. pulmonaria were the only species to significantly reduce the colonisation of other fungi, showing a strong disparity between field and laboratory results. Laboratory studies on wood revealed that A. velatisporus reduced the reproductive capability of other fungi. This study demonstrates the influence of interspecific competition in fungal colonisation of submerged wood.


The lifetime for supercooled water flowing inside a circular tube at steady state was measured, where the lifetime is defined as the time interval between when the water reaches a steady-state temperature and when the water begins to freeze. The effects of the inner tube surface temperature and the flow conditions on the freezing of water were investigated. A theoretical explanation of the experimental results was developed. Criteria were developed for conditions that prevent freezing of water flowing in circular tubes.


The vector and scalar form factors relevant to the second-class current $\tau^-\to\pi^-\eta^{(\prime)}\nu_\tau$ processes are evaluated supplementing Chiral Perturbation Theory with the inclusion of resonances as explicit degrees of freedom. While the vector contribution is essentially fixed from knowledge of the two-pion vector form factor, the scalar form factor demands a coupled channel dispersive analysis to obtain robust predictions for the detection of these decay modes.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an integrated framework including knowledge management (KM), organizational learning (OL), and information and communication technologies (ICT).Design/methodology/approach – A synthesis of the existing literature with preliminary supporting empirical evidence reported is presented in the article.Findings – A theoretical framework is developed.Research limitations/implications – The results of the article can be used to guide ongoing research in the area of KM, OL, and ICT.Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution to understanding in the fields of KM and OL in particular and ICT secondarily.


Calcifying odontogenic cyst is a rare odontogenic cyst. It was described by Gorlin in 1962 and is also called as Gorlin's cyst. Ghost cells in the epithelium are the hallmark of Gorlin's cyst. A 25 year old male patient complained of a painless swelling in his lower anterior teeth region which was present for the past 3 years. It was slow growing with absence of infiltration, soft in its center and bony hard in its periphery, radiograph showing multilocular radiolucency, with associated root resorption, tooth displacement. Histopathological examination revealed a cystic lesion, lined by odontogenic epithelium and amorphous eosinophilic round or oval structures suggestive of ghost cells were seen within the epithelium. A long standing multilocular radiolucent lesion in the mandible crossing the midline with clinical features imitating anameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst was later diagnosed as a Gorlin's cyst with histological evidence. Keywords: Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, Ghost cells, Multilocular radiolucency


For better risk management, detailed and quantitative measurement of channel and stream‐bed structure is required to understand and predict water and sediment flow in mountain channels. Our previous research demonstrated good performance of green‐wavelength Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for measurement of submerged stream‐bed in a steep mountain channel. This paper examines how the acquisition protocol of TLS affects the accuracy of data collected in the mountain channel. First, it was tested whether varying the scanner height, i.e., incident angle affects the data acquisition in terms of point density and accuracy in the pool unit of step‐pool channel. Then, the effect of varying the minimum point spacing on the derived Digital terrain model (DTM) was examined. It was also analyzed whether a combination of multiple TLS data acquired from different directions would improve the accuracy of data compared to data acquired by a single measurement. Furthermore, TLS data were acquired over a cascade unit of the channel and examined whether TLS is capable of capturing reliable underwater data. All the acquired underwater data by TLS were corrected for water refraction and validated using manual surveyed data. The results showed that the accuracy of derived DTM was improved when the scanner height was increased or data was acquired from multiple directions, however, acquiring denser point cloud with a minimum point spacing of 1 mm did not improve the accuracy of the data. Accuracy of TLS measurement in the cascade unit was considerably lower. Special consideration is required for this area.


The London. mid-nineteenth tion significance was The demonstrated city of source century had experiin selecthe in tion was demonstrated in the mid-nineteenth century in Lo don. Th city ha experienced severe cholera epidemics, especially in summer. Travelers who needed to cross the River Thames avoided the famed London Bridge and went far upstream to escape the noxious emanations of the polluted river. Two private water companies, the Southwark and Vauxhall Company and the Lambeth Company, at that time drew water from the Thames in central London for distribution to the same service areas. A customer on one side of a street might have been served by one company and on the other side by the other company. In the summer of 1854 a major cholera outbreak struck London. Just prior to this outbreak, the Lambeth Company, for aesthetic reasons, had moved its intake upstream from London above the urban pollution. Dr. John Snow, then surgeon to Queen Victoria, studied the impact of the Lambeth Company's moving its water source. Whereas 71 fatal attacks of cholera occurred for every 10,000 homes served by the Southwark and Vauxhall Company, only five occurred per 10,000 households served by the Lambeth Company. These findings, together with Snow's concurrent epidemiological studies of cholera deaths in the vicinity of the Broad Street pump, affirmed his hypothesis that water was the cause of the cholera outbreaks. (The John Snow pub on Broadwick Street in Soho, the site of the pump, has full details of these studies on its walls. Although this was decades before Pasteur developed the germ theory of disease and the cause-and-effect relationship could not be proved, one result of Snow's findings was that those responsible for providing water supplies began to seek out water not subject to contamination, establishing the principle of the "best available source." The introduction of filtration toward the end of the nineteenth century and chlorination in the early years of the twentieth century assured engineers and municipal officials that almost all polluted waters could be made safe from infectious disease. Accordingly, the principle of "best available source" was largely abandoned in favor of more economical sources. Cities that developed upland sources, such as New York, Boston, San Francisco, and Birmingham and Manchester in England, preferred high-quality water sources despite the higher initial costs; other cities, such as


Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPVs) are major rain producers over the Tibetan Plateau, some of which can move eastward off the plateau and trigger heavy rainfall over southwestern and eastern China. The infrared black body temperature (TBB) data, derived from geostationary meteorological satellite FY‐2E in the period of May–August of 2010–2014, is utilized to investigate the characteristics of convections associated with the moving‐off TPVs. During May–August, negative TBB anomalies appear over the tracks of the TPVs, but are located further north of the tracks in May and June than in July and August. Relative to the centre of TPVs, low TBB appears in the southeast and extends from southwest to northeast, whose values are smaller and ranges are larger before the TPVs move off than after moving off. Distributions of TBB at different evolution times show a close relationship with the characteristics of TPVs. The intensity, scales and shape of the convections linked to the TPVs are explored in the coordinates whose origin is the composite centre of the convections. Generally, convections associated with the TPVs are elliptic and stretch from southwest to northeast, with average spatial scales of approximately 3° in the zonal and 2° in the meridional direction. Convections in July and August are more intensive and lie southwest‐northeast, and those in May and June are weaker with a quasi‐zonal orientation. The horizontal scales of convections are much larger in May and July than those in June and August. Convections are usually larger and more intense before the TPVs move off than after moving off, corresponding to the changes of TPVs.


Is real-time simulation describes a system (1) for the aerodynamic loads generated on the aircraft (3) itself by the wake of the rotor (2) of the hovering aircraft (3), the system (1), the maneuvers for pilot a seat (10), the simulation control unit of the aircraft (3) which accepts simulation command from the pilot can simulate the flight conditions of the aircraft (3) and (11), generating a simulation display of flight conditions and simulation means (13) capable of, the control device (11) and receiving as input a first signal associated with the command applied via a first for simulation means (13) associated with the simulation aerodynamic load configured processing unit to generate and output a second control signal (14) For free. Processing unit (14) periodically generates a vortex ring (30) having a radius (r), several control points (A, B, C, D) were associated with a vortex ring (30), the control point ( a, B, C, and calculate the speed induced by D), to move and update vortex ring (30), based on the control points by vortex rings (30) (a, B, C, to the speed induced by D) generating a second signal Te.


E ARE LIVING in a time with enormous changes in medicine. This also includes anesthesiology and its subspecialties, such as cardiac anesthesia. We must continuously keep ourselves informed about the rapid progress occurring in the fields of anesthesiology and the specialties close to us (to the cardiac anesthesiologist, especially cardiac surgery and cardiology). We must become acquainted even with more remote branches of medicine and biology, such as molecular biology. On the other hand, the environment in which we aim to apply our knowledge and skills is strongly influenced by limited financial resources. Therefore, individuals with skills in economics, logistics and epidemiology will be major contributors providing data on costs, delivery and outcome of the care given by the anesthesiologists. In the following, some perspectives on cardiac anesthesia for the coming years are presented.


Rabies, the archetypal lyssavirus, is one of the most feared viruses known to man and causes >50,000 deaths per year. Other members of the lyssavirus genus cause clinical disease consistent with rabies. The lyssavirus glycoprotein is the sole target for virus neutralising antibodies and several amino acid epitopes have been linked to virus neutralisation. Lyssaviruses are segregated into phylogroups that indicate the level of protection afforded by current vaccines. It is generally accepted that an antibody response to rabies vaccines affords protection against all viruses that are categorised into phylogroup I. However, this antibody response does not protect against lyssavirus species within phylogroups II and III. Indeed, experimental data has shown that the antibody repertoire induced by rabies virus vaccines is completely unable to neutralise viruses in these phylogroups. In this study we have generated lentivirus pseudotypes containing chimeric lyssavirus glycoproteins that have had their antigenic sites swapped between phylogroup I and II viruses. With these we have assessed neutralisation of both wildtype and chimeric pseudotype particles with both phylogroup I and phylogroup II specific hyperimmune sera. We have used chimeric pseudotype viruses to analyse the role of defined antigenic domains in development of phylogroup specific immune responses.


The introduction of the "Picture Archiving and Communications System (known as PACS)," provides many benefits, including the application of C.A.D., (Computer Aided Diagnosis). Clinically, this allows for the measurement and design of an operation to be easily completed with the CRT monitors of PACS rather than with film, as has been customary in the past. Under the leadership of the Department of Neurosurgery, Akita University School of Medicine, and Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, new computer aided functions with EFPACS (Fuji Electric's PACS) have been developed for use in clinical neurosurgery. This image processing is composed of three parts as follows: (1) Automatic mapping of small lesions depicted on Magnetic Resonance (or MR) images on the brain atlas. (2) Superimposition of two angiographic films onto a single synthesized image. (3) Automatic mapping of the lesion's position (as shown on the. CT images) on the processing image referred to in the foregoing clause 2. The processing in the clause (1) provides a reference for anatomical estimation. The processing in the clause (2) is used for general analysis of the condition of a disease. The processing in the clause (3) is used to design the operation. This image processing is currently being used with good results.


To the Editor. —While latex condoms provide substantial protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), some allow the passage of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 and HIV-size polystyrene particles. 2 Viruses also sometimes leak through vinyl and latex examination gloves 3 and lamb-skin condoms. 4,5 Polyurethane (PU) film is increasingly used for experimental condoms; assessment of its viral permeability is needed. We investigated gas and liquid phase permeability through the Wisconsin Pharmacal Company's (Jackson, Wis) PU vaginal condom, the Reality Vaginal Pouch. We tested permeability (under pressure heads of 30 mm Hg) of seamed and seamless membrane sections cut from condoms and compared them with sections containing a laser-induced hole (100, 25, 20, ≤10 μm) each larger than such common sexually transmitted viruses as hepatitis B (diameter, ≈42 nm) the HIV (diameter, 105±15 nm), or herpes virus (diameter, ≈135±15 nm). We also tested the permeability under the same pressure of


Abstract The present investigation was accomplished to study the chemical variability of the essential oil of the plant Mentha aquatica L. collected from Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India during different seasons ranging from April to December. The essential oils collected at various month intervals were subjected to be analyzed with GC along with MS and FID for their comparative chemical composition analysis. Significant differences in the chemical variability were observed in major components of each collection. Linalool represents the dominating compound in every six collections from April to September comprising a total of 30.1 %, 25.2 %, 33.5 %, 48.4 %, 31.1 % and 45.7 % respectively of total oil composition while linalool acetate represents the dominating compound in next three collections from October to December comprising a total of 46.98 %, 42.1 % and 48.0 % respectively of total oil compositions. Thereafter, the essential oil of the tested plant was subjected to assess the efficiency of myorelaxant activity on the isolated duodenum muscles of Swiss Albino mice. Essential oil at different treatments of 2000 μg and 4000 μg resulted into least to the mild grade of relaxation in the muscles evaluated against the maximum response towards acetylcholine, adrenaline, atropine and propanalol.


In this paper, we present a new lumped element equivalent circuit to model spiral inductors used in VCO circuits. The new structure uses frequency independent components to model the frequency dependent behavior of the spiral inductor. A new graphical method used to design and optimize the spiral inductor is presented as well. This graphical method, called inductor chart, helps reducing the time needed to design the spiral inductor and optimize its geometry for certain applications


A construction of product measures is given for an arbitrary sequence of measure spaces via outer measure techniques without imposing any condition on the underlying measure spaces. This approach concludes finally the problem of the existence of product measures in an elementary manner. Moreover, the $L_{p}$ spaces of this measures are simplified in terms of finite product measures following the approach of [21]. This decomposition simplifies infinite dimensional integration and gives to this theory a computational framework.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For permissions, please e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 118 Dignity-Driven Decision Making in Advanced Illness Erin C. Westphal, MSG,1,* and Bruce C. Vladeck, PhD2


In this paper, a kind of cable-locking device is proposed, which replaces the motor driving device of the former cable-driving manipulator, and makes the cable-driving manipulator become a passive manipulator which can be applied in limited space, has larger workspace and has larger load-carrying capacity. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, good adaptability and strong versatility. The Integral structure and each part of this device are introduced. As the key part of this device, the detail structure and working principle of the cable-locking unit are proposed in this paper. Mechanical calculation of the force amplificatory structure is proposed in this paper to ensure that sufficient locking force can be provided.. Keywordcable-driven manipulator; cable-locking device; force Amplificatory structure; mechanical design -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 09-11-2018 Date of acceptance: 23-11-2018 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


In this paper, we analyze generalized dynamics of MEDs (Momentum Exchange Devices) and develop an easy-to-use LPV (Linear Parameter-Varying) model, in which we deal with 3-axis attitude control of a spacecraft equipped with two parallel DGVSCMGs (DoubleGimbal Variable-Speed Control Moment Gyros). Although it is hard to consider overall stability and control performance of attitude control at the same time with conventional methods, this paper attains both of them via LPV control theory, while using approximation of the final error quaternion value. Through a numerical example, we demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method to compare with a conventional method.


abutment is best provided with a clasp or adhesive attachments.1 Although survival rate of the vital tooth as a telescopic abutment in retaining removable dental prostheses is 89%, root canal treatment increases the risk factor of abutment loss2 and the visible component of clasp jeopardizes the esthetics.3 When literature is reviewed retrospectively, survival of attachment retained partial denture shows 83.3% for 5 years, 67.3% up to 15 years and of 50% when extrapolated to 20 years.4,5 Hence, when the removable dental prostheses are fabricated with precision/semi-precision attachments for retention and support, they are believed to be the best prosthesis available to dentistry especially in conditions where fixed restorations are contraindicated.6


In the framework of the CEC Brite Euram programme on "Investigations on aluminium-lithium alloys for damage tolerant application", the NLR work in Task 3 concentrated on Fracture Toughness. In part I of the investigation residual strength tests were performed on 500 mm wide CCT panels of the Al-Li sheet alloys 2091-T84 and 8090-T81 and on 2024-T3 reference material. The test orientations were L-T, T-L and 60" to the rolling direction. Tests and analyses were carried out in accordance with the ASTM specification E561. Further, experimental details of ASTM E561 were examined in part II of the investigation. It was found that the fracture toughness as well as the yield strength of the Al-Li sheet alloys were significantly lower than those of 2024-T3. The most appropriate method for correction of experimentally determined compliances to enable use of the analytical compliance/effective crack length relation given in ASTM E561 is by adjustment of the E-modulus.


The invention discloses a process for preparing wheat seedling powder buckwheat bud comprising the steps of cleaning, immersing, germinating, wall breaking, quick freezing, vacuum freeze drying, disintegrating and packaging. The obtained powder contains higher content of amino acid, globularicitrin, mineral substances.


We consider a communication system in which the destination receives status updates from an information source that observes a physical process. The transmitter performs semantics-empowered filtering as a means to send only the most "important" samples to the receiver in a timely manner. As a first step, we explore a simple policy where the transmitter selects to encode only a fraction of the least frequent realizations of the observed random phenomenon, treating the remaining ones as not not informative. For this timely source coding problem, we derive the optimal codeword lengths in the sense of maximizing a semantics-aware utility function and minimizing a quadratic average length cost. Our numerical results show the optimal number of updates to transmit for different arrival rates and encoding costs and corroborate that semantic filtering results in higher performance in terms of timely delivery of important updates.


Bolted joints are among the most common building blocks used across different types of structures, and are often the key components that sew all other structural parts together. Monitoring and assessment of looseness in bolted structures is one of the most attractive topics in mechanical, aerospace, and civil engineering. This paper presents a new percussion-based non-destructive approach to determine the health condition of bolted joints with the help of machine learning. The proposed method is very similar to the percussive diagnostic techniques used in clinical examinations to diagnose the health of patients. Due to the different interfacial properties among the bolts, nuts and the host structure, bolted joints can generate unique sounds when it is excited by impacts, such as from tapping. Power spectrum density, as a signal feature, was used to recognize and classify recorded tapping data. A machine learning model using the decision tree method was employed to identify the bolt looseness level. Experiments demonstrated that the newly proposed method for bolt looseness detection is very easy to implement by 'listening to tapping' and the monitoring accuracy is very high. With the rapid in robotics, the proposed approach has great potential to be implemented with intimately weaving robotics and machine learning to produce a cyber-physical system that can automatically inspect and determine the health of a structure.


This paper proposes an efficient technique to design a low cost robot path planner and its implementation. Here a prototype robot has been developed using Arduino platform, compass and IR sensors. For the communication between the modules Bluetooth and Zigbee are used. path planner is implemented using shortest path algorithm developed in MATLAB. The functioning of the designed robot is tested experimentally assuming known source and destination. It is found that the robot successfully reaches the target by identifying the suitable path without any disturbances. The efficacy of the designed robot is tested by repeating the experiment multiple times successfully.


The first synthesis of the title catalysts and their application in the Heck cross-coupling of aryl halides and styrenes is presented.


Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are the integration of current and emerging technologies in fields such as information processing, communications, and electronics applied to solving surface transportation problems. One specific use of ITS technologies seeks to incorporate a variety of on-board sensors to assist the driver in the efficient and safe operation of a vehicle. The interaction of a series of independent ITS entities amongst themselves and/or with their environment, can lead to the development (or emergence) of highly complex behaviors or properties. In most cases these behaviors will be unanticipated by the original system designer. The potential for systems instability is a definite concern. Intelligent transportation systems have the potential for generating these undesired effects. This paper will examine the current methods used to predict and control the emergence of unpredictable behaviors in complex driving assistance systems, especially concentrating on minimizing the overall effects of this phenomenon on the performance, stability and safety of ground vehicles.


This study aims to legitimize dystopias as a discursive genre that puts creators and auditory in a deep dialogue about the social conditions in which they live. It starts from dystopias as a literary genre projected in contemporary artistic production aimed at children and young people, connecting aesthetic objects produced in different materials, such as cinema, romance and comics. To better compare the different objects, we compiled as corpus dystopia for children and adolescents with an environmental theme. Dystopia, then, is a narrative told with a certain structure and organization of events: at its beginning, there is a description of a catastrophic but possible future; in its course, there are indications of how things went from the reader's present to the future proposed by dystopia, blaming humanity for that; a soothing ending; and, permeating everything, a hero whose identification with the reader is immediate. The formal stability perceived in these statements led us to Bakhtinian theory, especially to the text The problem of content, material and form in verbal art (1924). Since Bakhtin does not perceive the aesthetic object closed in its materiality, he values the content as indispensable, which manifests itself in a form that is putted in a materiality. As the dystopian form described above enunciates a content that is uniquely related to the exterior of the utterance, we also discuss the problem of materiality and why it takes the lead in critical analysis of art objects today. We conclude that dystopia, as a discursive genre, makes the aesthetic object reverberate in the ethical and cognitive spheres of its reality.


The title compound, C18H18B2O6·C3H6O, formed by reaction between phenylboronic acid and d-fructose, is shown to be β-d-fructopyranose 2,3; 4,5-bis(phenylboronate) and is analogous to d-fructoboronates previously prepared and characterized by NMR.


Investigators at Children's Memorial Hospital/Northwestern University School of Medicine Epilepsy Center, Chicago, and Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea examined the relationship of cognitive proficiency (CP) to general intellectual ability (GA) and seizure focus by retrospective chart review of 90 children (aged 6-18 years) with epilepsy, video-EEG recording, MRI, and neuropsychological testing (WISC-IV).


Mammograms can depict most of the significant changes of breast disease. The primary radiographic signs of cancer are masses (its density, site, shape, borders), spicular lesions and calcification content.These features may be extracted using various detection system .The common are Neural network, wavelet, fuzzy logic, evolutionary approach and finally hybrid system ,which employs integration of above techniques.. This work is to focus mainly on Image Processing Technique on MATLAB platform.The basic idea is to convert the mammogram image and convert into 3-D matrix. Obtained matrix is used to convert the mammogram into binary image. Several techniques like detecting cell, filling gaps, dilating gaps, removing border, smoothing the objects ,finding structures & extracting large objects have been used. Finally finding the Granulometry of tissues in an Image without explicitly segmenting (detecting) each object. Compared to existing multiscale enhancement approaches, images processed with this method appear more familiar to radiologists and naturally close to the original mammogram.


Subtitle: In an exclusive interview, Richard Klien, the current chairman of Santos Brasil, talked to Robert Ward about his experiences in Brazil's container and maritime transport industries.


We present the first detailed investigations of the ablative acceleration of planar targets while simultaneously using high irradiance (10/sup 14/ W/cm/sup 2/), large focal diameters (1 mm) and long laser pulse duration (3 nsec). Included are measurements of target preheat, ablation pressures and uniformity achieved under these conditions. Targets were accelerated to high velocities with velocity profile uniformity approaching that required for high gain pellet implosions.


Hundred twenty archaeological ceramics (potsherds, figurines, stirrup jars) as well as experimental briquettes made from local clays fired at different temperatures were examined for their color index chromatic scale. Color was measured on clean surfaces, clearly fine decoration layers, from the Late Mycenaean settlement at Kastrouli, Central Greece. The aim is to critically assess these quantitative attributions of a color index to ceramic surfaces which depends on several factors, such as the type of clay, firing regime, subjective evaluation, lighting conditions. Our endeavor and aim are to classify groups of similar color that may imply same firing conditions and clay sources. The color perception within a chromatic context is investigated and the effect of light on color appearance is assessed. Indeed, apparent subjective differences in Munsell color evaluation, the sensitivity of chosen surface area and photo shooting setting under different light conditions are observed. Initially the evaluation of different color components, e.g. R, G, B; Lab; HSB, were examined using stereoscopic images as well as a mini digital micro USB microscope and edit with image processing software. Finally, the 3D plots and statistical clustering of RGB as average integrated and separate values with associated standard deviation error produce groups of similar ceramics compared to the briquettes. Results were corroborated by cluster analysis of R, B, G of sherds and fired clays.


Background Search and rescue plays a major role in today's society. Whether lost at sea, stranded in a remote area, or trapped in a confined space, countless rescuers and volunteers will attempt to find you and get you to safety. Discussion and Observations Rescue teams consist of highly trained professionals including firefighters, EMT's, paramedics and other local volunteers who are willing to risk their lives to help others. Special teams and robotics were sent into ground zero after 9/11, locating and providing immediate extrication to those who were injured. The U.S Coast Guard's search and rescue efforts during Katrina were crucial saving countless lives in New Orleans.


High-performance stacked storage capacitors with small effective-oxide-thickness (t/sub ox,eff/) as thin as 37 /spl Aring/ has been achieved using low-pressure-oxidized nitride films deposited on NH/sub 3/-nitrided poly-Si electrodes. The capacitors exhibit excellent leakage property and time-dependent dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) characteristics. Furthermore, this technique is promising for the 64- and 256-Mb dynamic-random-access-memory (DRAM) applications because the process temperatures never exceed 850/spl deg/C.<<ETX>>


The flotation product of Bi-Semi-Concentrate containing 15% of Bi(sulfide form) and 40% of Mo(mostly as sulfide) was roasted in a Herreshoff roaster. Under the maximum temperature of , the concentrate was roasted without sintering phenomena. The charge of 3 ㎏ required 6-8 hrs of roasting. Practically all the molybdenite was converted to . Roasted ore was treated by the 1.5N-NaOH solution for 3-4 hrs, at . soln. contg. was filtered from the insol. residue contg. , CuO, , . The ppt. was treated in smelter at and crude Bi (97% Bi) was produced and then refined by S treatment, zincing, chlorination and aeration. Final Bi metal was 99.99 % pure and over-all recovery of Bi was 90%. soln. was acidified by HCl to pH 2.5 and in this soln., Mo is pptd., as ammonium-sodium-polymolybdate with . It was refined with 7% soln., and calcined to . The purity of final product was 99.97% and the recovery of it was 85%.


Isotherms of unreacted high explosives (HMX, RDX, and PETN) have been determined to quasi-hydrostatic high pressures below 45 GPa, by using a diamond-anvil cell angle-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction method. The equation-of-state parameters (bulk modulus Bo, and its derivatives B' ) are presented for the 3rd-order Birch-Murnaghan formula based on the measured isotherms. The results are also used to retrieve unreacted Hugoniots in these high explosives and to develop the equations of state and kinetic models for composite high explolsivcs such as XTX-8003 and LX-04. The evidence of shear-induced chemistry of HMX in non-hydrostatic conditions is also presented.


R esidual neuromuscular block is common after the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs during anesthesia administration (1–5, 7, 8). Although this has been well recognized for more than 20 years, its clinical importance has only been quantified recently (9). In addition, very small degrees of neuromuscular block may modify the respiratory response to hypoxia (10) and result in uncoordinated esophageal activity (11) that may predispose to gastric regurgitation and tracheal aspiration. Despite this, there is still some reluctance by anesthesiologists to use neuromuscular monitoring during anesthesia, in part because the clinical recognition of residual block is difficult. Residual neuromuscular block is more frequent after the use of long-acting muscle relaxants, such as pancuronium and d-tubocurarine, than after the intermediate acting drugs, atracurium and vecuronium (5). A new neuromuscular blocking drug, rapacuronium, has been introduced. In addition to a rapid onset, it has a shorter duration of action so that administration of reversal drugs, such as neostigmine, leads to prompt recovery of neuromuscular function (12). The purpose of this article is to review the frequency and means of recognition of residual neuromuscular block, to describe the use of reversal agents in avoiding the syndrome, and to compare the recovery and reversal of rapacuronium neuromuscular block with that of other contemporary agents.


Objective: The objective was to investigate the expression of HPV16 L1 capsid protein in cervical neoplasia to analyse its association with different grades of cervical lesions and its implication as a prognostic marker. Materials and Methods: Detection of L1 capsid protein of HPV16 by immunostaining was done using anti-HPV16 mouse monoclonal antibody against L1 fusion protein in cervical scraping or biopsy specimens obtained from subjects (n=79) after confirmation of cytological/histological diagnosis. Results: Total 79 cases of cervical cancerous lesions in a graded spectrum were observed for expression of L1 capsid protein of HPV16, among which 30 cases showed L1 expression and 49 cases did not. The expression rates of L1 protein among ASCUS, ASC-H, LSIL and HSIL were 37.50%, 66.67%, 80% and 44.44% respectively. Among invasive lesions, the L1 expression rates were 25%, 15.38% and 8.33% in well, moderately and poorly differentiated SCC respectively. Overall the L1 positivity rate was 37.97%. The expression of L1 proteins decreased with increase in lesion grade. This declining trend of L1 positivity rate with increasing grade of lesion was extremely significant (p value for chi squared for trend is 0.0005). The difference of L1 expression between preinvasive and invasive group was also significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Expression of L1 capsid protein of HPV16 was high in lower grade preinvasive lesions and it steadily declined with increasing grade of lesion. HPV16 L1 Protein expression can be used as a prognostic tool and a marker of immune response against HPV16.


Using ammonium per sulfate (APS) as initiator, PNIPAm was in situ polymerized in PVA aqueous so1ution and the transparent PNIPAm/PVA blending solution was obtained. PNIPAm/PVA fiber, showing polymer networks cross linked by the entanglement and hydrogen-bonding, was successfully prepared from the blending PNIPAm/PVA solution via wet spinning process with the saturated ammonium per sulfate aqueous solution as coagulation bath. In comparison with the PNIPAm/PVA blending solution, the single PNIPAm solution can not be prepared fibers. The best conditions for preparation of PNIPAm/PVA fiber such as PNIPAm mass ratio in the PNIPAm/PVA solution, PNIPAm polymerized time and reaction temperature in PVA aqueous so1ution was founded. The swelling performance and temperature-sensitive characters of the PNIPAm/PVA fiber were studied. The result showed that PNIPAm/PVA fibers maintain the temperature-sensitive characteristics associated with the roles of the component PNIPAm, the swelling rate of these fibers exhibited sharp change at about 32°C, and the temperature-sensitive property increased with the content of PNIPAm in the fiber increased.


In recent years the trend in health care has been toward developing devices that supports faster diagnosis and therapeutic turnaround time. These needs have facilitated rapid growth in research and development of point-of-care diagnostic testing (POCT). Heart disease is a major cause of death all over the world. According to "Center for Disease Control and Prevention", heart attack is the leading cause of death in US. Every year an estimated 785,000 Americans had a new coronary attack and about 470,000 had a recurrent attack [1]. Creactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory cardiovascular biomarker which is over-expressed in a person susceptible of a heart disease [2] and thus rapid detection of CRP from patient serum samples may be clinically relevant in diagnosing cardiac events such as acute myocardial infarction. The novel properties of nanoscale materials such as the enhanced surface area and size based confinement of biomolecules, have the potential to increase the sensitivity of the diagnostics platforms in order to detect the protein biomarkers such as CRP at very low concentrations and give early indication of heart condition [2]. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) embedded with polymer nanofibers


Background The effectiveness of sealants is dependent upon their adhesion to enamel surface. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a pit and fissure sealant used with a universal adhesive (etch-and-rinse vs. self-etch modes) when the site is contaminated with saliva. Adhesive properties were evaluated as microleakage and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characteristics. Material and Methods A total of 72 mandibular third molars were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=12). Occlusal pits and fissures were sealed with an unfilled resin fissure sealant (FS) material with or without saliva contamination. The groups included: 1) phosphoric acid etching + FS (control), 2) phosphoric acid etching + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 3) phosphoric acid etching + saliva + Scotchbond Universal (etch-and-rinse) + FS, 4) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + FS,5) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + FS, and 6) Scotchbond Universal (self-etching) + saliva + Scotchbond Universal + FS. After thermocycling, the teeth were placed in 0.5% fuchsin, sectioned, and evaluated by digital microscopy. Two samples from each group were also observed by SEM. The data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for a significance of p<0.05. Results There were significant differences among groups. Groups 1,2 and 4 showed the least microleakage, with no significant differences among groups. Saliva contamination led to increased microleakage and gap formation in SEM images in groups 3, 5 and 6. Conclusions The fissure sealing ability of the universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes was similar to that of conventional acid etching. Saliva contamination had a negative effect on sealant adhesion to pretreated enamel. Key words:Pit and fissure sealant, Universal adhesive, Saliva.


In the Western region of Ukraine, one of the main factors influencing the ecological safety of agricultural landscapes is anthropogenic pressure. Based on monitoring studies, ecological and agrochemical assessment of the state of agrolandscapes of IvanoFrankivsk region is conducted, in particular in residential areas. The state of soils, natural waters and crop production was studied by the method of route monitoring. Chemical and analytical studies were carried out using methods of chemical, physical and chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry, in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, according to methods that meet the regulatory framework of Ukraine. It was determined that some of the studied soil samples had very low acidity and high content of biogenic elements (especially phosphorus and potassium) and pollutants. The quality of natural waters in some cases did not meet the regulatory requirements. This is due to both natural factors — features of the hydrological regime, and anthropogenic — violation of sanitary rules for the development of the territory, the introduction of high doses of mineral and organic fertilizers, noncompliance with manure storage technologies, the maintenance of domestic animals and poultry, and the disposal of livestock and household waste. Some samples of crop products did not meet sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of lead, cadmium, nickel, copper and iron. Studies indicate a significant impact of the anthropogenic factor on the change in the quality of soil, natural waters and crop production. Conducting an ecological and agrochemical assessment of the state of agricultural landscapes in the Western region, including residential areas and establishing the features of migration and accumulation of biogenic elements and ecotoxicants, is a promising area of research to develop measures to prevent pollution of soil, groundwater, open reservoirs and plant products.


The study sets out to investigate the factors that influence the occupational choice decision of workers in Ghana to ascertain the underlying reasons underpinning occupational distribution. From an estimated multinomial logit regression model based on a nationally representative household survey, the paper finds sex, age, education, rural/urban, ecological location and one's employment type to have significant influence on occupational choice behaviour of Ghanaian workers. The study also finds agriculture to be the most preferred occupation after controlling for relevant personal, demographic, productive and employment characteristics. This confirms Ghana's economy as an agrarian one employing over half of workforce.


Silicon solar cells are the dominating technology in photovoltaics (PV) industry and have a market share of more than 85% of the modules produced for roof top installations.


'If two men lay bricks to build a wall, we may quite fairly measure their contributions by counting the number laid by each; but if one mixes the mortar and the other lays the bricks, it would be absurd to measure their relative quantitative contributions by measuring the volumes of bricks and of mortar' (Richard Lewontin). Thus: 'For it to make sense to ask what (or how much) a cause contributes to an effect, the various causes must be commensurable in the way they produce their effects' (Elliott Sober). These claims sound reasonable but I show on the contrary that, for their contributions to be comparable, it is neither necessary nor sufficient that two causes also be commensurable. Rather, in a sense that I discuss, what really matters is that they be separable.


Research on foreign language has long focused on the main motives (instrumental or intrinsic) of leaning the language. Much research has also been dedicated to best practices towards the acquisition of a foreign language. However, there has been little research that delves into the impact that learning a language has on its learners. In this paper, we explore the how studying a foreign language at university could affect particular aspects in its learners. We seek to explore the effect (if any) of foreign language acquisition on knowledge, culture, life style, future prospects and technological and social media usage among young female Jordanian students. This paper utilizes a quantitative research approach. A survey was distributed to female students at the faculty of foreign languages at the University of Jordan. The data collected was then analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis. Results show that changes in life style is considerable and immense. Jordanian female students experience these changes and they are fully aware of all the differences between their culture and that of others'. They are the new intercultural generation who is capable to acquire new horizons in life, and able to maintain their identity alive. Results affirm, as well that their future prospects are significant and that studying foreign languages did have an impact on the choices they make in life. Female students are able to use their abilities to participate in creating a better capacity of understandings.


Ditch samples recovered from interval 2216 to 2716m of Nzam-1 well in the Anambra Basin, Nigeria were investigated for sedimentological, palynological age dating and paleoenvironment reconstruction. The stratigraphic successions in the well include intercalated gypsiferous shale, shale, sandy shale and shaly gypsum of varying gypsum content. Palynological zone of Milfordia spp acme zone was established. The zone is characterized by maximum development of Milfordia spp., Longapertites sp 3 and first uphole appearance of Buttinia andeevi. Other forms that mark the zone are regular occurrence of Cupanieidites reticularis, Syncolporites subtilis, Cingulisporites ornatus, Trichotomosulcites sp. 1, Periretisyncolpites sp., Auriculiidites sp., Tricolpites gigantoreticulatus, Foveotriletes margaritae, Cupanieidites reticularis, Auriculiidites sp. and Constructipollenites ineffectus. The top of the zone is marked by the final appearance of Trichotomosulcites sp. 1, Milfordia jardinei, Cupanieidites reticularis and relative increase in Longapertites marginatus, Monocolpites marginatus, stephanocolporate pollen. The interval is particularly marked by maximum development of Milfordia spp. depicting Campanian to Lowermost Maastrichtian age. Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 3(4): 898-915, 2013 899 The paleoenvironment of deposition is marginal marine in nature defined by higher percentage of peridinaceans such as Senegalinium spp. and Andalusiella spp. over Gonyaulacysta forms. The relative position of the sea level and climatic condition is manifested on the lithofacies, characterized by the intercalation of shale and gypsum representing different times of transgression and lowstand phases.


Quite recently, Dr. Gottheiner, of Berlin, has disclosed some of the details of his remarkable discovery in connection with X-ray photography. Hitherto, it has been possible to take X-ray photographs only of natural size, and, for the purposes of x-ray cinematography, large numbers of such full-size skiagrams have had to be taken and subsequently reduced to the required dimensions. Such a process is both costly and best with many technical difficulties. The cost alone is sufficient to preclude the possibility of a social X-ray, or X-ray cinematographic investigation, for many patients; for not only has the cost of the films to be taken into account, but also that of elaborate special apparatus, such as intensifying screens, special Potter-Bucky diaphragm, and the complicated special cassettes. Furthermore, the patient is subjected to a good deal of discomfort on account of the large number of exposures necessary, and the use of the Potter-Bucky table not only has the effect of increasing this discomfort, ...


Singaporeans need not be told what globalization means. The popular media, as well as the political leaders of Singapore, have generated a "local-babble" of the derivative meanings of globalization. That globalization means "competitiveness", "innovation", "creativity", "entrepreneurship", and "foreign talent", has become deeply enculturated and embedded in the Singaporean consciousness. This paper will show that the "local-babble" on globalization in Singapore is ineluctably linked to state discourses and practices. I will argue in the paper that these state discourses are not free-floating, but produce teleological and ideological effects to regulate the Singaporean habitus, and create new subjectivities suitable for the new economy. Using Foucault's (1979) notion of "governmentality" and its related concepts and vocabularies, this paper will illuminate Singapore's response to new geo-politicocultural-economic realities as it continues to live with globalization tactically.


This communication describes the combination of a feedforward neural network (NN) with one hidden neuron and partial least squares (PLS) regression. Through training of the neural network with an algorithm that is a combination of a modified simplex, PLS and certain numerical restrictions, one gains an NN solution that has several feasible properties: (i) as in PLS the solution is qualitatively interpretable; (ii) it works faster than or comparably with ordinary training algorithms for neural networks; (iii) it contains the linear solution as a limiting case. Another very important aspect of this training algorithm is the fact that outlier detection as in ordinary PLS is possible through loadings, scores and residuals. The algorithm is used on a simple non‐linear problem concerning fluorescence spectra of white sugar solutions.


The paper describes a procedure for using vacuum therapy in traumatology to treat type IIIb open fractures of long bones according to the Gustilo-Andersen classification. Vacuum drainage surpasses current bandaging materials in its properties, which allows this procedure to be used at all stages of the wound process even in the fixation of fragments in external fixation apparatuses.


Based on the concept of universal Grey number and the rules of four algebraic operation of universal Grey number,it was introduced that universal Grey number was changed into interval Grey number ,then interval analysis with extensible characteristic of universal Grey number was given.The application of universal Grey Mathematics for the prediction of automotive performance was studied and discussed.Universal Grey function can deal with some problems that Grey number or interval analysis can't .It provided a new method for the prediction of automotive performance.


Cognitive Radio is an advanced enabling technology for efficient utilization of vacant spectrum due to its ability to sense the spectrum environment. Various detection methods have been proposed for spectrum sensing, which is the key function in implementing cognitive radio. Most of the existing methods put their interests in detecting TV signal and wireless microphone signals. In this paper, we explore the cyclostationarity of the equally spaced pilot subcarriers in OFDM signal. By averaging over several symbols, the peak property is able to be captured. Simulations in various fading environments show that the proposed cyclostationary based detection method works well for OFDM signal.


The continuing occupation of Iraq and the growing war in Afghanistan are leaving permanent physical and emotional scars on a whole generation of soldiers. Not since Vietnam have so many GI's objected to a war, and never have military families spoken out so strongly for withdrawal. Marjorie Cohn's and Kathleen Gilberd's new book, "Rules of Disengagement," published by PoliPointPress, comes to the aid of distressed military personnel and their families. It examines the reasons men and women in the military have disobeyed orders and resisted the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The book, which has a practical as well as theoretical focus, discusses what resisters have done, and what readers can do, to help end illegal orders and wars. It also examines race and sex discrimination in the military, including the epidemics of rape, sexual assault, and suicide in the military, as well as inadequate health care for servicemembers. It examines the dehumanization of soldiers and civilians, and the ways in which military training promotes racial and sexual violence. The book places modern issues regarding the Iraq and Afghan wars in the historical context of earlier military dissent movements, notably during the Vietnam War. The authors analyze numerous issues of constitutional, international, and military law, including conscientious objector status, rules regarding military discharge, the right and duty to disobey illegal orders, the international laws of war and human rights, and the constitutional rights of free speech, association, assembly, dissent, and protest. This posting contains the Introduction of the book.


Space,architecture,texture,color, tea,cuisine...Green T.House takes everything into consideration as it attempts to interpret Chinese culture in daily life.As a result,the teahouse introduces exclusive teas,tea-related cuisine and events to the public.


Jan Culik interviews Anna Sabatova, former dissident and now the Czech Republic's Ombudsman, about the attitudes of the Czech Republic and the European Union to the refugee crisis.


This thesis explores the transmission of craft knowledge in midwifery, examining the mediation of practice learning within mentor/student pairs. It is an in-depth exploration of non-formal learning as perceived by a sample of student midwives at various stages of their preparation programmes across England. The theoretical underpinning stems from literature on non-formal learning, incorporating Eraut's analysis of non-formal learning and Polanyi's philosophy of tacit knowledge. A sample of fourteen student midwives recorded their experiences of learning and support in clinical practice for ten days in audio-diary format. The diaries were analysed within a narrative analysis framework to capture the 'voice' of the learners, who described the challenges inherent in learning and acquiring the craft of midwifery. Discourse analysis was used to interrogate the data. This method enabled discovery of pattern and order in everyday language-in-use. Unique information emerged within students' individual interpretive repertoires. The lengthy audio-diaries illuminated contexts and linguistic expressions which conveyed the socio-cultural positioning of the student midwives. The method was found to be compatible with non-formal learning and the epistemological perspective selected because of the organic nature of craft knowledge. Student midwives' reflexive accounts identified a range of 'tools' used by mentors, which influenced acquisition of practical competence and cognition. These tools included not only physical teaching aids, but also signs, modelling and other means of semiotic mediation. This thesis reveals the power of formative learning and situated support in midwifery practice. An argument is developed for mobilising hidden, tacit knowledge which often exists on the borders of the formal curriculum.


This paper presents a control of the parallel operation of diode rectifier based high-voltage direct current (DR-HVDC) and voltage source converter based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) links. The two links are connected to offshore wind farms (OWFs). The VSC-HVDC controls the voltage and frequency of the offshore AC-grid needed for the OWFs start-up. The proposed grid forming control is based on controlling the OWFs voltage by controlling the active power balance at the VSC-HVDC AC-bus. When the OWFs inject more power than a certain active power reference established for the VSC-HVDC, the OWFs voltage increases and the DR-HVDC starts conducting. Then, the offshore voltage automatically accommodates the required value for transmitting the OWFs power through the DR-HVDC link while the system frequency is controlled by the VSC-HVDC through satisfying the reactive power balance. The power transmitted through the VSC-HVDC can be set by adjusting the corresponding power command while the DR-HVDC will automatically close the power balance. The main advantage of the proposed control system is that the VSC-HVDC can be sized just to support the system energization; while once the OWFs are in operation, the DR-HVDC will be loaded automatically. Simulation results verify the proposed control system.


Printing system for printing a repeated an aesthetic character pattern and / or information on a substrate (14) including a plurality of parallel bands (140), wherein the printing system comprises: at least two printing units without impact overlapping (210), each of which has a lateral extension defining a maximum recording width (X), and a controller (220) connected to each of said printing units (210) and configured to adjust a width of actual printing (Y) extending between a starting position and end position said lateral elongation, wherein said controller (220) is configured to determine said width of actual printing (Y) by receiving the lateral position of an unprinted area (142) defined by the interface between two adjacent bands (140) of the substrate and positioned laterally somewhere in the overlap between two printing units (210) So that the end position of a first printing unit (210) and the starting position of superimposed printing unit (210), are located within the unprinted area (142).


Abstract. The local spatial distribution of individual animals is often described in terms of home range (HR), whereas territory traditionally refers to an area defended for exclusive use. The size of the HR is considered an important indicator of the behavioral characteristics of an animal, and it can be influenced by factors such as sex, body size, population density, and social behavior. In polymorphic species, morphs may differ in space use, and they may be characterized by different reproductive strategies. The aim of this study is to quantify space use in a population of the lizard Liolaemus xanthoviridis (Iguania: Liolaemini) and its relationship with body size, sex, and color polymorphism. At a single locality in Argentina (Bahía Isla Escondida, Chubut), over four summer seasons (2012–2015) we marked 156 lizards and recorded body measurements, sex, dorsal and ventral color patterns, and the spatial location of each individual. Our results showed that HR size differed significantly between sexes and was significantly associated with body sizes in males, but not with dorsal coloration and ventral melanism. Moreover, males of L. xanthoviridis have a high percentage of overlap in their HRs. The absence of a relationship between HR size and dorsal coloration or ventral melanism suggests the absence of multiple reproductive strategies within each sex. Because females of L. xanthoviridis seem to be territorial, but not males, we propose that they may be interacting in a system of dominance hierarchies, a hypothesis that needs behavioral testing.


In order to understand the actual status about dengue virus antibody among healthy residents in border areas of western Yunnan,and provide the scientific evidence for formulating effective anti-dengue strategies,the serum samples were collected from Nansan (Zhengkang County),Nabang (Yingjiang County) and Manghai (Luxi County) respectively. The IgG and IgM antibodies of dengue virus were detected by ELISA. A total of 740 Chinese serum samples and 104 Burmese students' serum samples were collected. The positive rates of IgG and IgM antibodies in dengue virus in 740 Chinese serum samples were 10.9% (81/740) and 5.7% (42/740) respectively,and 6 serum samples were found to be positive in both antibody testings 0.81%(6/740). The positive rates of IgG and IgM antibodies in dengue virus in Burmese students were 12.5% (13/104) and 2.9% (3/104),respectively. There was not statistical difference in positive rates of IgG and IgM antibodies in dengue virus among age,gender,ethnic and nationality (P0.05). However,positive rate of IgG antibody in farming population was higher than that in the non-farming population (P0.05). The positive rate of IgG antibody in Yingjiang County was the highest among this 3 investigation counties. Results indicated that previous and recent dengue patients in subclinical infection were widely found in the residents in border areas of western Yunnan. It is necessary to strengthen dengue fever surveillance in the border areas and carry out health education on dengue control,as well as improve the levels of diagnosis and treatment in local medical clinics.


Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac's role in the housing bubble and financial crisis remains controversial. Did they precipitate or at least worsen the crisis? How do their benefits compare against their losses? Ronel Elul traces their evolution and actions and outlines reform proposals.


Background: Despite the extensive research and intense debate on coercion in psychiatry we have seen in recent years, little is still known about formally voluntarily admitted patients, who experience high levels of perceived coercion during their admission to a psychiatric hospital. Aims: The purpose of the present research was to explore forms of treatment pressure put on patients, not only by clinicians, but also by patients' relatives, during admission to psychiatric hospitals in Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom. Methods: Data were obtained via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with patients (N = 108) diagnosed with various mental disorders (ICD-10: F20–F49) hospitalised in psychiatric inpatient wards. Maximum variation sampling was applied to ensure the inclusion of patients with different socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. The study applied a common methodology to secure comparability and consistency across participating countries. The qualitative data from each country were transcribed verbatim, coded and subjected to theoretical thematic analysis. Results: The results of the analysis confirm that the legal classifications of involuntary and voluntary hospitalisation do not capture the fundamental distinctions between patients who are and are not coerced into treatment. Our findings show that the level of perceived coercion in voluntary patients ranges from 'persuasion' and 'interpersonal leverage' (categorised as treatment pressures) to 'threat', 'someone else's decisions' and 'violence' (categorised as informal coercion). Conclusion: We suggest that the term 'treatment pressures' be applied to techniques for convincing patients to follow a suggested course of treatment by offering advice and support in getting professional help, as well as using emotional arguments based on the personal relationship with the patient. In turn, we propose to reserve the term 'informal coercion' to describe practices for pressuring patients into treatment by threatening them, by making them believe that they have no choice, and by taking away their power to make autonomous decisions.


This article reports on a survey of public attitudes toward issues of informed consent in social research. It finds a high level of expressed concern about such matters as confidentiality of response and study sponsorship; it also finds significant interrelationships between the expression of such concerns and willingness to answer sensitive questions on the interview, though generally such relationships are small.


Abstract : Performance-oriented tests were used to diagnose deficiencies in job performance among Fleet personnel. Shipboard self-instructional materials were then individually prescribed to correct identified deficiencies. Testing and training programs were developed for three applications: (1) the submarine Sonar Technician operating the AN/BQR-20A, (2) the submarine Missile Technician maintaining the Missile Test and Readiness Equipment (MTRE Mk 7 Mod 2), and (3) the Boiler Technician operating and maintaining the 1200 PSI Steam Propulsion Plant. In the present application, the Boiler Technicians from 12 cruisers and destroyers were given a diagnostic pretest and with the exception of one crew, were retested 3 to 6 months later. Four ships were assigned to each of three experimental groups: (1) a Control Group in which the participants were given feedback on the pretest in terms of an overall percentage score, (2) a Feedback Group in which the members were given an outline indicating their specific weaknesses, and (3) a Feedback + Training Group in which the members were given the same type of information as the Feedback Group but, in addition, were assigned specific remedial training. Diagnostic testing was successful in detecting deficiencies of Fleet personnel on written items related to the operation and maintenance of the 1200 PSI Steam Propulsion Plant. In the pretest sample, of 305 Boiler Technicians only 17 showed no weaknesses.


Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has recently evoked interest as an alternative to electrical stimulation. The mechanism of activation is the heating of water, which induces changes in cell membrane potential but may also trigger heat sensitive receptors. To further elucidate the mechanism, which may be dependent on cell type, a detailed description of the temperature distribution is necessary. A good control of the resulting temperature during INS is also necessary to avoid excessive heating that may damage the cells. Here we present a detailed model for the heating during INS and apply it for INS of in vitro neural networks of rat cerebral cortex neurons.


Abstract : The purpose of the SUPERDUCK Beach Sediment Sample Experiment was to study beach response to storm waves. Data were collected during an 11-day experiment influenced by two extratropical storms. Daily beach profiles were surveyed along four lines to give a three-dimensional picture of beach response. Surface sediment samples were collected at the berm, upper swash, and lower swash to examine daily grain size distribution changes. Wave data collection from a wave gage located in 8 m of water provided changes i wave height and period during the two storms. The foreshore exhibited progressive daily erosion during the first 5 days of the experiment as the first storm event waned. The last 6 days showed a progressive accretion on the foreshore, even under the influence of the second storm. Most variability in daily sediment grain size distribution occurred in the upper swash, a zone of both uprush and backwash influence. Berm samples were finer and better sorted, deposited at the area of maximum uprush. Lower swash samples were coarser and more poorly sorted as the backwash interacted with incoming surf bores. Behavior of the foreshore was partially independent of waves as nearshore bathymetry appeared to play a dominant role in the erosion and accretion pattern.


Local environmental selection and lineage admixture have long been accepted as important adaptive mechanisms in adjusting widespread taxa to new environments. We studied a pond skater, Gerris latiabdominis, to explore the relative roles played by these two mechanisms in its process of adaptation to heterogeneous landscapes.


A novel signal model of distributed source is presented based on Jacobi-Anger expansion. Firstly, the coefficients of expansion are estimated as the solution of a set of linear equations using sample covariance. Secondly, the angular power density (APD) is obtained from the estimated coefficients of expansion. Finally, the mean direction of arrival (DOA) is obtained through 1-dimensional peak searching of the estimated APD. Unlike the existed algorithms, the limitation to the width of the angular spread is avoided. Numerical examples are included to show the improved accuracy of DOA estimation in the case of widely distributed sources.


In order to explore the effects of controlled-release fertilizer Jiugong on rice,it have been proved that Jiugong was obviously increase the yield of rice in test of 2013,for further to understand the controlled-release fertilizer,it's applied in test of 2014 again.The results showed that the yield of rice increased with the increase available spikes,grains per spike and thousand weight by the application of controlled-release fertilizer Jiugong.


In a recent article, Thompson et al. reported about seven patients carrying the heterozygous mutations c.239G>A (4 patients) and c.703C>G (3 patients) in the SLC25A4 gene, clinically manifesting with severe mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome1. All patients were born with respiratory insufficiency requiring artificial ventilation since birth1. We have the following comments and concerns.


PURPOSE
to investigate the relationships between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and hippocampal volume and their influence on brain networks by using resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) magnetic resonance (MR) according to their localization.

METHODS
In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 38 subjects from the public "Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions" (LEMON) dataset were selected. Morphometric analyses of both WMH burden and the total hippocampal relative volume (tHRV) was performed for each subject with two automated software. The WMH were then categorized as total (tWMH), periventricular (pvWMH) deep (dWMH) and subcortical (jcWMH). Spearman's correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between the following variables: age, tWMH, pvWMH, dWMH, jcWMH, and tHRV. Subsequently, three different rs-fc MR group analyses were performed using a multiple regression model that included age, pvWMH, dWMH, and jcWMH as second-level covariates. The graph theoretical analysis was applied to evaluate the effects of pvWMH (analysis 1), jcWMH (analysis 2), and dWMHs (analysis 3).

RESULTS
Spearman's correlation analysis revealed several statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) positive and negative correlation, in particular positive between age and tWMH, and negative between dWMH and tHRV . Rs-fc MR analysis 1 and 2 did not reveal statistically significant results; analysis 3 revealed that dWMH influenced network properties of several cerebral regions, in particular, global and local efficiency of both the hippocampi.

CONCLUSION
The localization of WMH influences brain activity in HS. In particular, dWMH is inversely correlated with tHRV and influences several properties of different cerebral areas, included both the hippocampi.


The physical forces causing deformation of latex particles during the film formation process have been witley studied. However, the forces resisting particle deformation are still poorly characterized. It is clear that the extent of particle deformation is dependent on the viscoelastic nature of the polymer. In an emulsion, the latex particles will normally contain water, surfactants and "free" monomers which lead to plasticization of the polymer. Although this effect has been recognized, so far it has been studied only on films that had been dried and then partially or completely swollen by water.

In this work, plasticization of the emulsion polymers by water and co-solvent has been quantified via differential scanning calorimetry investigation directly on the aqueous latex dispersions. More specifically, the plasticizing effect of water on VeoVa/vinyl acetate copolymer latices and its influence on minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT) has been studied. A linear correlation has been found between Tg and MFFT for the wet latices. This new direct method should help to improve our understanding of the forces resisting latex film formation.

Additionally, the homogeneous distribution of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers (VeoVa and vinyl acetate respectively) in the latex particles was verified via a 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) study performed directly on the latices. This study confirmed that no significant core/shell type of morphology had influenced latex film formation.


This paper presents a regulatory controller synthesis technique that makes a pre-selected probability density function (PDF) for the closed-loop (CL) process the target of the design. The proposed design technique, referred to as PDF-shaping, approximately solves the integral equation giving the PDF of the CL process dynamics. The parameterization of the closed-loop process dynamics results in the parameterization of a controller that yields the required closed-loop PDF. Controller synthesis is then a matter of selecting, based on engineering or economic concerns, a target distribution, and then applying the proposed technique to find the approximate closed-loop dynamics. The special case of PDF-shaping using Gram-Charlier PDFs is presented, as well as the general case. Results of this novel approach to controller synthesis are demonstrated with numerical simulations for an example process.


A guide for searching newspaper articles in Mississippi, the United States, and/or international publications Subscription and free databases of digitized newspapers


The Faculty of Engineering at the University of Waterloo has recognized that the development of student teamwork skills requires immediate attention across all undergraduate programs. A multi-disciplinary team was assembled to address this challenge via the design and implementation of a set of learning modules. The team was made up of engineering faculty members, graduate students, and representatives from a student support unit, a teaching support unit, and the First Year Engineering office. In itself, a study of the dynamics and achievements of this team of faculty and staff members from across campus provides a rich opportunity to examine authentic team behaviour. It can also serve as a model for others considering the launch of educational initiatives involving people from a wide variety of departments and units. In this paper, we describe what we have learned about assembling, and working effectively in, a multi-disciplinary team. Placing it all in the context of the literature on teams and team performance, we discuss the initiative and team formation; conflicts that occurred while developing the modules and how they were handled by the team; and the immense value and challenges that exist in working within a multi-disciplinary team. We also describe some of the obstacles that emerge when integrating teamwork training in engineering curricula while operating largely outside formal curriculum committees.


The restriction of effective insecticides has facilitated the woolly apple aphid (WAA) Eriosoma lanigerum to become a major pest in apple orchards in Western Europe. It has also promoted alternative control strategies such as the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). We evaluated the control capacity of six commercially available EPN, viz. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis megidis, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema glaseri and Steinernema kraussei. We assessed the potential of these EPN to colonize and parasitize E. lanigerum in an in vitro multiwell test. Only S. carpocapsae caused higher mortality (20–40%) than the control treatment (water). However, the mortality observed with S. carpocapsae was found to be a test artefact and not induced by its specific entomopathogenic activity. A similar mortality range was recorded when applying the non‐entomopathogenic nematode Pratylenchus thornei in the same multiwell test set‐up. This result warrants careful interpretation of parasitism in these artificial test conditions. The failure of EPN activity was supported in further experiments by frequently finding S. carpocapsae inside living WAA. The presence of the EPN had no effect on aphid reproduction as numbers of 'large' embryos in EPN‐colonized and non‐colonized females were similar. In addition, the dauer juveniles did not recover in E. lanigerum reflecting that S. carpocapsae could not develop inside the WAA. We further demonstrated that growth of the EPN‐symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens is inhibited by the body fluid of the WAA, and we speculate that this antibacterial activity is the cause of the unsuccessful parasitization of the WAA by the EPN. This antibiosis inside the body of E. lanigerum would prevent production of the endotoxins by the bacterial symbionts that are essential for entomopathogenicity and insect control.


We study the properties of a refined weak coupling limit that preserves complete positivity in order to describe non-Markovian dynamics in the spin-boson model. With this tool, we show the system presents a rich and new non-Markovian phenomenology. This implies a dynamical difference between entanglement and coherence: the latter undergoes revivals whereas the former not, despite the induced dynamics being fully incoherent. In addition, the evolution presents "quasieternal" non-Markovianity, becoming non-divisible at any time period where the system evolves qualitatively. Furthermore, the method allows for an exact derivation of a master equation that accounts for a reversible energy exchange between system and environment. Specifically, this is obtained in the form of a time-dependent Lamb shift term.


The TGF-β family member Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is a key regulator of patterning and
growth in development of Drosophila. Binding of Dpp to its receptors triggers the activation
of the intracellular Smad pathway. It has recently been shown that Dpp signalling represses
genes in several tissues by direct binding of the Smad proteins Mad and Medea and the
recruitment of the nuclear zinc finger protein Schnurri to small regulating sequences called
Silencer Elements (SEs). A key target of this SE-mediated repression is the brinker gene.
Brinker is the default repressor of the Dpp signalling pathway and its removal is a prerequisite
for transcriptional activation of most of the Dpp target genes.
To address the question if there is, analogous to the SE-mediated repression, also a simple,
not tissue-specific mechanism to activate target genes, we analyzed the regulation of dad. The
dad gene encodes the only Drosophila inhibitory Smad and is a potential direct target of Dpp
signalling. We identified the minimal enhancer of dad and discovered a short motif that we
called Activating Element (AE). The sequence of the AE is closely related to the one of the
SE, but differs in important nucleotides. As a consequence, the AE cannot recruit the
repressor Schnurri. We demonstrated that the AE integrates both repressive input by Brinker
as well as activating input by Mad and Medea. After characterization of the AE and
elaboration of a consensus sequence, we were able to predict and successfully identify
functional AEs in enhancers of other known (and hitherto unknown) direct target genes of
Dpp. This is the first description of an activating Dpp-response element that is not restricted
to a distinct enhancer and marks a general mechanism by which Dpp can activate target
genes.


Strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum‐well wires (QWWs) with a lateral wire width of 105 nm and a pitch of 230 nm have been fabricated by holographic lithography and low‐damage wet chemical etching. Partial strain release occurs on the sidewalls of the etched QWWs. The photoluminescence spectrum shows two well‐resolved excitonic peaks for the QWWs; the lower‐energy peak corresponds to the transition from the area close to the sidewall of the QWW and the higher‐energy peak is from the center of the QWW. The expected band structure has been modeled, hence expected luminescence spectrum, solving both continuum elasticity equations as well as the four‐band Luttinger Hamiltonian with strain. The etched QWWs were given different chemical treatments to test the sensitivity of both excitonic peaks to the quality of the sidewalls. It was found that the lower‐energy peak is sensitive to the surface states formed on the sidewalls of QWWs. This sensitivity is believed to be useful in determining the best cleaning and low‐damage treatments for subsequent regrowth steps.


The success of companies or industries (especially working in service industry as a bank or university) greatly relies on the performance of its employees. Real brand ambassadors are those service industry employees who are able to leave an intact and deep impact on the stakeholders by an in-depth vision of their selling brand and its value proposition. Brand-centered HRM refers to the implementation of HR-related practices & policies, such as hiring, training & development, compensation & benefits etc. to make employees positive and productive towards their brands. Few characteristic vital pillars of the organizations to create competitive advantage as suggested by academicians and practitioners are well-trained, motivated and fairly recruited employees (Asad ur Rehman 2019). The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internal brand management on employee job satisfaction through the mediating effect of brand commitment. Data has been collected from 300 front-line employees of commercial banks working in MCB, SCB, Bank Al Habib and Bank Alfalah, with the help of an adopted instrument. Data analysis has been


There is little research on the effects of confined dairy farms and grass-based dairy farms on the surrounding surface water environment. This study was conducted through sampling and analysis of seven dairy farms in the Northern Hemisphere, especially between 38-degree to 45-degree north latitude. The correlation between the effect of confined dairy farms and grass-based dairy farms on the surrounding surface water (mainly Phosphorus runoff and Nitrogen precipitation) and pasture scale and waste management were obtained.


Abstract Background Emergency medicine physicians are among the top five specialties prescribing antibiotics. New accreditation standards for outpatient antimicrobial stewardship are now in effect, thus evaluation of antibiotic prescribing practices in the emergency department (ED) is needed. Upper respiratory infections (URIs) have been shown to be a common culprit for inappropriate antibiotic use and are among the leading primary diagnoses seen at ED visits. We aimed to assess the management of URIs in the adult and pediatric EDs by diagnosis and provider type, in order to target interventions to improve use. Methods In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we included adult and pediatric patients seen in the ED and discharged home from September 2015 through August 2017. Patients with one of eight ICD-10 primary diagnosis codes associated with URIs were included (Figure 1). The primary outcome was to evaluate prescriber compliance with guidelines for the treatment of URIs among our adult and pediatric ED departments. Secondary outcomes included assessment of patient outcomes (14-day hospital and clinic revisit rates) between the compliant and noncompliant cohorts, and a comparison of prescribing practices among prescriber types. Results A total of 1,646 adult ED encounters and 2,589 pediatric ED encounters were included, with overall 84.0% and 94.4% compliance, respectively. Among URIs, compliance rates were low for bronchitis in adult patients (68.3%) and tonsillitis in both the adult (44.3%) and pediatric patients (57.6%). No difference in outcomes, including 14-day hospital and clinic revisit rates, were observed between groups for both the adult (12.7% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.37) and pediatric (18.8% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.91) cohorts. Higher rates of noncompliance were seen in adult and pediatric physicians (37.5% and 10.3%) compared with corresponding advanced practice providers (14.9% and 9.6%) and residents (12.1% and 4.5%). Conclusion The ED provides care for a large number of patients with URIs and should be a focus for antimicrobial stewardship. To be most effective, future stewardship interventions in the ED should target physician groups, and bronchitis in adults and tonsillitis in all patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


AbstractIn colour masking for continuous tone processes, the number of masks which is generally required can be reduced if the unwanted densities of the dyes are suitably related to each other. In particular, in a process employing dyes which have three unwanted densities (the yellow having no densities to red and green light and the magenta no density to red light) the three masks required can in certain cases be reduced to two. A suggestion that a similar simplification might be achieved in the masking procedure for halftone processes outlined in a previous paper is examined, and it is concluded that if the unwanted densities of the inks obey the condition which allows the reduced number of masks in a continuous tone process, then the same number of masks in a halftone process should give results which differ only little from those obtainable with the more correct full number of masks.


OBJECTIVE
To detect bcr gene rearrangement in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

METHODS
Bcr rearrangement was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using 765E3, a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)-derived probe flanking the breakpoint within bcr gene.

RESULTS
Nine patients with CML were examined, bcr gene rearrangement was revealed in 5 cases in chronic phase, 2 in blastic phase, and one after interferon-alpha therapy. The karyotype of 1 case after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was chimera with normal and bcr gene rearrangement chromosomes.

CONCLUSION
YAC765E3 is a useful probe for detecting bcr gene rearrangement. FISH technique is likely an important tool for monitoring of treatment and revealing minimal residual disease in CML.


A 6-year-old, 3.0 kg, neutered female, Yorkshire terrier was referred for orthopedic surgery. Cardiac arrest followed unsuccessful treatment of bradycardia and systemic arterial hypotension under general anesthesia. Postmortem examination revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A possible relationship between treatment of bradycardia, systemic arterial hypotension, and sudden cardiac death is described.