The increased use of pesticides and their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic environments have become a matter of considerable concern in recent decades. The use of pesticides, especially synthetic ones, is suggested to be replaced by compensatory substances that exert a lower risk to the environment. The risks caused by residues and degradation products of pesticides in soils and aquatic systems should also be reduced. At the same time, global climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and rainfall in some areas, which could enhance the growth of several pest and weed populations. For example, populations of the land snail (Arianta arbustorum) and the Iberian slug (Arion lusitanicus) have substantially increased in many parts of northern Fennoscandia in recent years. Consequently, these molluscs have rapidly become an increasing problem with severe impacts, particularly in private gardens. Plant-derived products may have a significant role in sustainable plant protection when functioning as compensatory substances for synthetic pesticides, or alternatively by affecting the behaviour of synthetic pesticides in the soil. This thesis research investigated the suitability of birch (Betula sp.) -derived slow pyrolysis products, birch tar oil, wood vinegar and biochar, in sustainable plant protection. The aims of the study were to (i) explore the efficiency of birch derived pyrolysis liquids in mollusc control and (ii) investigate the environmental risks related to their use. In addition, (iii) the effects of biochar and wood vinegar on the environmental fate of glyphosate, the most common herbicide used against a wide range of weeds in Finland, was examined. Birch tar oil and wood vinegar proved to be ineffective in eliminating snails. Instead, birch tar oil and the mixture of birch tar oil and wood vinegar exhibited a clear repellent effect against snails and slugs. The effect of wood vinegar on non-target organisms was assessed in several toxicity tests and risk assessment calculations. The sensitivity of different aquatic organisms to birch wood vinegar was variable and NOEC values ranged from 82 to 635 mg L -1 . Soil organisms were more tolerant of wood vinegar than aquatic organisms, as the NOEC for the soil dwelling earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa was 2694 mg kg -1 . No long-term effects on soil microbes, nematodes or enchytraeids were found. The initial risk assessment indicated the risks of wood vinegar (<400 L ha -1 ) to soil and aquatic organisms to be negligible. Based on preliminary data, biochar reduced the leaching of glyphosate from the soil by 24– 27%. The effects of wood vinegar on glyphosate leaching were inconsistent, warranting further examination. Soils treated with a mixture of biochar and wood vinegar showed the lowest glyphosate leaching, both with and without plants. Neither wood vinegar nor biochar alone had clear effects on glyphosate degradation in the soil, despite their positive influence on microbial respiration. The studies presented in this thesis provide strong evidence for the potential of birch-derived pyrolysis liquids as an effective, non-costly and environmental friendly method against molluscs. More studies are needed to investigate the effective compounds behind the observed repellent effect. As wood vinegar is only slightly toxic or non-toxic to most nontarget aquatic and soil organisms, the environmental risk due to synthetic pesticides could be diminished by including wood vinegar as part of a pest control protocol. Biochar could also play a role in pesticide risk reduction, particularly in preventing contamination of the aquatic environment. The results show, for the first time, that biochar has the potential to influence the fate of glyphosate in the soil by preventing its leaching from soil. Based on the results of this thesis research, the birch-derived slow pyrolysis liquids and biochar appear to have potential for use in sustainable plant protection. Further research is required to obtain relevant practical application technologies and to solve economical questions of their use.


This paper presents the characterization of 0.6 μm silicon-on-insulator CMOS processed integrated thermocouple-heater device for bolometer applications. Two different kinds of thermocouple with poly- and single-crystalline silicon wires have been fabricated and the performances were evaluated in terms of responsivity (Rv) and noise equivalent power (NEP). Relatively large responsivity of 336 V W−1 and small NEP of 162 pW Hz−1/2 were obtained from the electrical characterization of 100 μm long device. The high Seebeck coefficient of 346 μV K−1 and the reduced thermal conductivity of 27.3 W m−1 K−1 were obtained by the fabricated devices. Assuming the use in antenna-coupled bolometers to detect the wave at 1 THz, the thermocouple-heater device was adapted for a half-wave dipole antenna, and the performances were estimated and compared with those of other temperature sensors. Comparison revealed that the thermocouple-based bolometers showed competitive NEP and uniquely featured low power consumption.


We propose a scheme that allows generation of the Bell and $W$-type entangled states of excitons in quantum dots confined in a single-mode microcavity. It is shown that the entanglement of excitons can be generated when the photons leaking out of the cavity are detected by photon counter. The effect of environmental temperature on the entanglement of excitonic states is also studied.


This study is based on Taguchi's design of experiments along with grey relational analysis (GRA) to optimize the milling parameters to minimize surface roughness, tool wear, and vibration during machining of Inconel-625 while using coconut oil as cutting fluid (CF). The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array (OA). Taguchi's S/N was used for identifying the optimal cutting parameter for individual response. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to analyze the outcome of individual parameters on responses. The surface roughness was mostly influenced by feed. Flank wear was influenced by speed and the vibration was mostly influenced by the depth of cut as well as speed. The multi-response optimization was done through GRA. From GRA, the optimal parameters were identified. Further, nanoboric acid of 0.5 and 0.9[Formula: see text]wt.% was mixed with coconut oil to enhance lubricant properties. Coconut oil with 0.5[Formula: see text]wt.% of nanoboric acid minimizes the surface roughness and flank wear by 3.92% and 6.28% and reduces the vibration in the [Formula: see text]-axis by 4.85%. The coconut oil with 0.5[Formula: see text]wt.% of nanoboric acid performs better than coconut oil with 0.9[Formula: see text]wt.% of nano boric acid and base oil.


Surveying and Digital information is the primary work for the Registration for the Right to Rural Land project. The paper by using Excel VBA Editor creating " Macro" function conducts programming,And combining processing the farmer's basic information as an example,giving the rapid method of processing Rural Land Contractual Management data by Excel VBA programming.


A study has been conducted both experimentally and numerically to clarify impacts of curtain flow and velocity ratio on low strain rate flame extinction and to further display transition of shrinking flame disk to flame-hole. Critical mole fractions at flame extinction are provided in terms of velocity ratio, nitrogen curtain flow rate, and global strain rate. Flame extinction modes are grouped into four on a C-curve, which is characterized by a flame-hole, the shrinking of edge flame, and edge flame oscillation. It is seen that varying curtain flow rate does not impact on edge flame oscillation, flame extinction, and even flame extinction modes. Variation of velocity ratio extends to the low strain rate flame extinction modes beyond the turning point. It is found that the expanding and shrinking flames always have negative flame propagation speed; it is also recognized that the decrease of flame radius is prone to extinguish due to the dominant role of radial conduction heat loss. The examination of ener...


Objective To explore the correlation between serous level of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and severity of acute spinal cord injury. Methods The NSE serous levels were determined by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 41 consecutive patients with acute spinal cord injury. There were 7 cases of cervical cord injury, 13 cases of thoracic cord injury and 21 cases of lumbar cord injury. They were 24 males and 17 females, aged 21 to 67 years (average, 43.8 years). The correlations between the NSE serous levels and the severities of acute spinal cord injury in all the patients were analyzed using the statistic software SPSS 13.0. The NSE serous level was compared with MRI and CT in evaluating the severity of acute spine cord injury. Results The NSE serous levels at the 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days after the acute spinal cord injury were significantly correlated with the severities of acute spine cord injury (P<0.05). The correlations between the NSE serous level and the severity of spine cord injury were higher than those between the MRI index and the severity of spine cord injury at the 2 and 3 days after the injury. Conclusion As the NSE serous level may be positively correlated with the severity of acute spine cord injury, we can evaluate the severity of acute spine cord injury by determine the NSE serous level of the patient.

Key words:
Spinal cord injury;  Serum;  Phosphopyruvate hydratase;  Enzyme-linked im-munosorbent assay


This article presents our studies on the first fully pixelated 3-dimensional (3D) position-sensitive HgI2 detectors, manufactured by Constellation Technology Corporation. The radiation signals were read out using a VAS_UM3.2/TAT4 ASIC readout system. The performance of several detectors was investigated over a period of time and at different operational bias voltages. The resolution for single-pixel-triggered events was measured as good as 1.60% at 662 keV. 1.20% FWHM energy resolution was observed on the best anode pixel, demonstrating the potential to achieve better resolution on HgI2 detectors. It was found that the trapping of electrons is much lower in those HgI2 detectors. The resolution changes inside the detector bulk are minor. The stability of the detectors was examined and all detectors with the history of being biased up within one month show little variance of photopeak centroid and resolution. However, one detector unbiased for three months is found to have performance variance over time. Slight improvement of resolution with cathode bias raised from -3000 V to -4000 V is observed.


Abstract : This article researches XD (exothermic dispersion) technology syntheses of TiAl alloy and TiC/TiAl composite materials. In conjunction with this, it probes the synthetic reactive mechanisms. Results clearly show that it is possible to use--in the vicinity of the melting point of aluminum--XD techniques to prepare TiAl alloys as well as TiC/TiAl composite materials reinforced with TiC particles as well as that thermopositive reactions between Ti-Al powders promote the synthesis of TiC. TiAl alloy is composed of TiAl+Ti3Al phases, and TiC/TiAl composite materials are composed of TiC+TiAl+Ti3Al phases.


The syntheses and reactions of Meldrum's acid derivatives as well as their applications in natural product syntheses reported during 1978-1990 are reviewed


A neural network model called the "representation network" is developed. The network is different from other networks because information is represented by the structure of the network as well as by the weights. Through an unsupervised learning method, the network forms a homemorphic (topology-preserving) mapping of the input pattern space. Absolute pattern information is represented by the weights of the network. Relational pattern information, e.g., pattern topology, is represented by the structure of the network. Arbitrary spatial topologies can be learned with the choice of an adequate similarity measure. The ability of the network to correctly form a map is proven analytically through an analysis in which the behavior of the network is described by a system of energy equations.
For sequences of patterns, the topology of the patterns is determined by the temporal order of the patterns; the similarity measure is temporal. Extensions to the network are presented that allow it to form maps of an arbitrary sequence of n-dimensional patterns. Once such a map is formed, the output of the network can be used for sequence recognition and classification. An identification network model is developed for this purpose. The identification network examines the output of the representation network and computes a score that reflects the level of match between the input sequence and the learned sequence. A high score results if the input sequence is the learned sequence. When this model was tested on the task of speaker dependent isolated digit recognition obtained, close to 100% recognition was obtained.
Because the topology of the input patterns is preserved by the output of the network, the output of the network can be used for nonlinear mapping with a minimal amount of supervised training. A mapping network is developed for this purpose. Supervised training is used to learn a small number of exemplar mappings. Unsupervised learning is then used to train the weights so that unknown mappings are interpolated from the exemplar mappings. Unsupervised learning algorithms are presented for linear and cubic interpolation. Example mapping problems are used to demonstrate the ability of this approach.


Purpose
This study aims to optimize the traffic capacity allocation to solve the problem of low share of public transit in the landside system so as to get rid of the congestion trouble in landside traffic. The optimal timetable for airport buses can be searched by changing the departure interval of each line and evaluating the corresponding performance continuously.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper constructs a simulation model based on the real-world situation in Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), which simulates the whole process of airport bus schedules and analyzes the connections among multiple steps for transferring. The evaluation system is constructed by considering the benefits of passengers, airports and companies comprehensively. The optimal timetable for airport buses can be searched by changing the departure interval of each line and evaluating the corresponding performance continuously.

Findings
According to the experimental results, an excellent evacuation effect can only be achieved when the majority of departure intervals of airport buses are shortened to 50% of their original values, and some busy routes such as the Beijing Station line are supposed to be reduced to one-third of their original fixed intervals. As the airport bus passenger flow presents an obviously periodic variation over days, the timetable of the airport bus is supposed to be redesigned every day. A flexible bus timetable can not only meet the dynamic passenger flow but also enhance the attractiveness of public transit.

Originality/value
This paper constructs a simulation model based on the real-world situation in BCIA, which can not only model the complex scenes in the whole process of airport bus schedules but also reflect the intricate interaction between transferring passengers and vehicles caused by dense streamlines.


Purpose: The choice of input normalization has effects on the generalization and performance of deep neural networks. While this topic is explored for 2D imaging applications, the influence of different normalization techniques on medical imaging modalities, e.g. cone-beam CT (CBCT), differs due to a different value range and distribution. In this paper a good normalization technique for intra-operatively acquired surgical CBCT volumes is presented. Methods: A set of normalization strategies, namely histogram equalization, min-max scaling, z-score normalization, linear look up table (LUT) with clipping and sigmoid function with clipping is compared on a CBCT volume classification task. Results: The results show that a combination of parameterized LUTs and clipping with the range [-710, 1640] HU independent of the underlying intensity histogram provides the best performance for the task at hand. Conclusions: The clipping based normalization technique helps to compress the feature space to the relevant range. By this approach, most of the information about the intensity values of soft tissue and bone is retained. The clipping range presented in this paper is valid for surgical CBCTs.


The problem of the quality assessment of tribologic centres illustrated with an example of excavators and loaders operated in open pit mines is presented in this study. The analysis comprises the identification of "weak centres" and the proposition of both constructional and operational modernisation executed in order to improve quality. The device quality assessment can be executed via assessment of the value of proposed set of reliability-exploitation factors. Introduction Excavators and loaders used in mining industry are the subject of the examinations. These machines are classified as reparable objects with determined operation cycles. Exploitation conditions of theses objects can be PROBLEMY EKSPLOATACJI 1-2013 60 considered as heavy (21 to 24-hour operation and great dustiness due to the rock material). Exploitation problems also result from ecological purposes, including significant contamination of the environment, oil and grease effluents, the necessity drain contaminated water from excavations and seismic influence onto buildings located near mines. Exploitation quality is a set of features formed in whole cycle of the object's existence, and they are considered basic assessment criterion. The exploitation comprises actions from marketing recognition and preliminary project to the object production and exploitation phases. Table 1. Excavators and loaders used in Kielce Mineral Resources Mines


I present a determination of the photon PDF from a fit to the recent ATLAS measurements of high-mass Drell-Yan lepton-pair production at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. This analysis is based on the {\tt xFitter} framework interfaced to the {\tt APFEL} program, that accounts for NLO QED effects, and to the {\tt aMCfast} code to account for the photon-initiated contributions within {\tt MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO}. The result is compared with other recent determinations of the photon PDF finding a general good agreement.


Electroacupuncture therapy is a kind of acupoint stimulation therapy that combines acupuncture and pulsed electrical stimulation. In this paper, the electroacupuncture treatment system for insomnia was designed on FPGA. The working mechanism of FPGA is using the internal hardware circuit to realize the corresponding functions of peripheral circuits, which means any kinds of the waveforms can be generated by using FPGA without complex peripheral circuits. Particularly, the waveforms with regular modulation signals are better adapted to different insomniacs. The integration and reliability of system are improved by integrating hardware circuit modules that generate electroacupuncture therapy signals on a programmable FPGA chip.


Abstract The trade winds over the central Pacific are observed to weaken several months after the appearance of anomalously warm surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. The following results obtained with a numerical model indicate how this relaxation of the winds affect the later stages of El Nino. A weakening of the westward trade winds causes a zonal redistribution of heat in the equatorial oceans and a warming of the eastern part of the basin. The warming depends on the zonal extent of the region over which the winds relax, and on the length of time T for. which the winds relax. As T increases the warming in the east increases until it asymtotes to a maximum value when T exceeds the adjustment time of the basin (which is ∼400 days in the case of the Pacific Ocean). Maximum heating is associated with a permanent weakening of the winds, unless the winds reverse direction and become eastward. Even weak eastward winds for a short period can cause disproportionately large temperature increa...


Probabilistic Inductive Logic Programming.- Formalisms and Systems.- Relational Sequence Learning.- Learning with Kernels and Logical Representations.- Markov Logic.- New Advances in Logic-Based Probabilistic Modeling by PRISM.- CLP( ): Constraint Logic Programming for Probabilistic Knowledge.- Basic Principles of Learning Bayesian Logic Programs.- The Independent Choice Logic and Beyond.- Applications.- Protein Fold Discovery Using Stochastic Logic Programs.- Probabilistic Logic Learning from Haplotype Data.- Model Revision from Temporal Logic Properties in Computational Systems Biology.- Theory.- A Behavioral Comparison of Some Probabilistic Logic Models.- Model-Theoretic Expressivity Analysis.


With the combined efforts of the pediatric medical practitioners, children's health level and pediatric disease treatment standards in China have greatly improved. The mortality of infants and children under the age of 5 has decreased significantly. Life-supportive technology, including newborn care and management of difficult and critical cases, has developed by leaps and bounds. Clinical diagnosis, treatment, and scientific research levels of pediatric subspecialties have become comparable to developed countries. We have cooperated with international colleagues to write guidelines and expert consensus on a number of pediatric conditions for global promotion. Chinese expertise has a great influence in the field of international pediatrics and has become indispensable and important. Chinese Medical Journal, a high-ranking medical journal in China, sends this special issue to compile hot and key issues of pediatrics and publishes 9 articles on basic and clinical research, which are of great significance for the development of pediatrics.


Introduction to a special issue on 'Developing Evaluation Practice in the Information Sector' containing five papers by members of the LEAP IMPACT community of practice of information and evaluation specialists, which aims to improve monitoring and evaluation practices related to information services, information products and information projects. Describes the origins, membership and activities of the LEAP IMPACT community and the challenges it faces in the evaluation of information, including the preparation of manuals and tools, the definition of terminology and concepts and the need for an inventory of frameworks. Summarizes the contents of the five papers.


Josephin Peladan, author of Decadence Latine and also founder of the Rose+Croix du Temple et du Graal Confraternity, represents from various angles the symbol of  that cultural atmosphere which characterizes the end of the nineteenth century. As he stigmatizes the moral and cultural decline of his contemporaries, Peladan creates the character of Merodack the Magus, described as a supreme being that arises above the bourgeois mediocrity and who, thanks to a self-sublimation process based on will-power, according to the outlook already traced by Eliphas Levi, not only can redeem himself, but also can show the direction for a shared redemption. However, as a matter of fact, the solipsistic and narcissistic attitude of the Magus ends by overwhelming any social temptation. In this path which shows preferential connections between literature and occultism, the Magus, former other self of the author, his double in the mirror, as their physical resemblance and the interchange of names prove, rises to the metaphor of the writer: both committed to a self-referring dimension, they transgress the bourgeois rules of productivity by changing magic and writing into an ascesis, a self-commemorative operation only consecrated to the ego. This idea of magic, conceived as a metaphor of writing as well, as a hermetic and mystic operation appears, in conclusion as the utmost accomplishment, daintily decadent, of Mallarme's poetry conception, just a supreme act, which is to find the reason of his own existence solely in itself.


Contents
I. Introduction
II. Phylogeny of diatoms and the habitat of the earliest diatoms
III. Origin of the silicon requirement in diatoms
IV. The phylogeny and ontogeny of turgor- resistant silicified walls
V. Possible selective advantages of silicified walls
VI. Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Summary
The silicified bipartite cell walls of diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are produced in intracellular compartments by precipitation from supersaturated Si(OH)4 and are then externalized. Fossil evidence of silicification is for marine, probably neritic, centric diatoms from approx. 120 Mya. Regardless of the initial selective significance of silicification, and of other current roles of silicification, the increased density resulting from silicification increases the sinking rate of cells; this can be partly or wholly offset by regulation of the protoplast solute content. Acclimatory and regulatory changes in silicification (relatively slow), and intracellular solute composition (relatively rapid), and intracellular solute composition (relatively rapid) of marine diatoms alter cell density over periods of hours to days. Density changes via changes in resource supply and, probably, parasitism, would move cells into optimal resource supply conditions, and remove parasitized, infective cells from surface populations of uninfected cells. Regulation of sinking rate could have been the first function of external or internal silica if the earliest silicified diatoms were planktonic.


The aim of this study was to establish an oral health status of elderly patients with consultations at the General Polyclinic of Rio de Janeiro. Forty-eight radiographs exams, randomly selected, were evaluated by a single examiner using lightbox. Data were stored and analyzed. The results showed 44% (Na versao em Portugues consta 46%) of edentulousness and 56% of patients with teeth. In the last case, 37% had periodontal disease; 24% had unitary prostodontic; 20% had restorations; 15% had endodontic treatment and 2% still had radicular roots. The results of this study were similar to the literature, which emphasizes the need for dental treatment in the elderly population


With the development of modern society,the rationality value of the administrative jurisdiction is increasingly standing out.On the other hand,because of the "freely verdict" attribute inherent in the administrative jurisdiction,there are really exists deviations from the principles of law and fairness in the process of exercising the administrative jurisdiction.To solve the problem,it is not to simply restrict or get rid of administrative jurisdiction,but to promote responsibility ethics besides the laws and regulations to ensure that the administrative jurisdiction conforms to the requirement of the democracy and justice.Responsibility ethics is not a simple mixture,but an transcending of the minimal limit of responsibility established by 'Management Centricity'.It's a crucial moral subject to construct administrators' responsibility ethics.


Objective To investigate the effects of periodontal therapy on Archaea colonization in subgingival plaque.Methods The periodontal treatment process of 49 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were followed up,and subgingival plaque samples were collected after supragingival plaque scaling(baseline),4 weeks after periodontal basic treatment and 12 weeks after periodontal flap surgery for DNA extraction.PCR was performed with 16S rRNA gene of Archaea,and the expression of 16S rRNA of Archaea in plaque samples was qualitatively detected.The positive samples were determined,and the detection rate of Archaea was calculated.Real-Time PCR was employed to quantitatively detect the 16S rRNA gene of total bacteria and Archaea in positive samples,and the relative abundance of Archaea was calculated.Results The detection rates of Archaea and relative abundance of Archaea in subgingival plaque samples 12 weeks after periodontal flap surgery were 17.6% and 0.58% respectively,which were significantly lower than those at baseline(69.4% and 2.32%) and 4 weeks after periodontal basic treatment(57.1% and 2.30%)(P0.05). ConclusionThe Archaea colonization in subgingival plaque rapidly decreases with the periodontal treatment process,which indicates that the subgingival anaerobic environment is the key factor for Archaea colonization.


Acanthocereus paradoxus sp. nov., an endemic narrow cylindrical cactus from the state of Jalisco is described and illustrated. The species can be distinguished by its narrow cylindrical mature stems, stem epidermis dull green with some dark green margins, the presence of four central spines, and a greater number of ribs and spines in young stems. A morphological  comparison with the other cylindrical members of Acanthocereus and sympatric species of the genus is provided. Data about its habitat and the conservation status are also given.


In this paper,all kinds of current problems about medical hygienic materials management were described detailedly after our research;The strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of medical hygienic materials management were analyzed by SWOT method,and further more we show the countermeasures for perfecting management of medical hygienic materials based on our own practice;All above,we are looking forward to becoming reference for coteries and manager.


This study had as main objective to evaluate the prognosis of the diameter structure utilising the transition matrix from three different measurement periods of the forest. It was also performed a comparation analysis of the prognosis generated through the transition matrix method with those obtained through the ratio of diameter movement method and the Wahlenberg's method. The basic data were obtained from the forest reserve of the Federal University of Lavras. One hundred twenty six (126) 400 m2 plots were established in this forest. The measurements and evaluation were done in 1987m 1992 and 1996. The transition matrix method proved to be efficient for purpose of prognosticating diameter structure, independent from the measurement period, in spite of having been detected changes in the forest structure, particularly of the ingrowth and mortality rates. From the transition matrix, it was identified the existence of absorbent state in the data base. The methods of the transition matrix, ratio of diameter movement and Wahlemberg's presented the same efficiency degree for prognosis purposes of the total number of trees. At the level of frequency by diameter class, these methods presented differentiated performance. The same fact was verified for the different evaluation periods. In this case, at least one of the methods was sensitive to changes in forest structure.


Sample of edible flavoring oil was extracted with acetone,the extracting solution was taken for purification by MCX cation solid phase extraction column.The rhodamine B was eluted from column with a mixture of ammonia(aq.) and methanol(5+95),and evaporated to near-dryness by N_2-blowing and made up to 2 mL with methanol.ACQUITY BHE C_(18) column was used as stationary phase,and the mixture of methanol and 0.1%(φ)formic acid solution with different ratio was used as mobile phase in gradient elution.ESI and multi-reactions monitoring mode were adopted in MS/MS.Linear relationship between values of peak area and mass concentration of rhodamine B was kept in the range of 1.00-100μg ? L~(-1),with values of detection limit(3S/N) of 0.003 mg ?kg~(-1).Tests for recovery were made at the concentration levels of 0.01,0.05,0.20 mg ? kg~(-1) of rhodamine B standard,giving values of recovery in the range of 82.1%-97.2%,with RSD's(n = 6) less than 9%.


Objective:Accurate Diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) made it possible to prevent and cure cervical cancer.Methods:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) was diagnosed by examinations,such as cervical cytological Modern colposcopy in high risk group and treated with cold-knife conization Results:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) was diagnosed and treated by careful screening and systematic examinations Conclusion:It is possible for diagnosing and treating cervical Cancer in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.


Student achievement evaluation system is based on teaching objectives,tasks,means to make value judgments about the teaching effect,and provide ways to teaching activities required information. Taking our food additive application technology course student achievement evaluation system as an example,the problems existing in student achievement evaluation system was analyzed to build the application technology based on the working process of the food additive evaluation system,and to facilitate the improvement of teaching quality and students' vocational ability.


The article touches upon the mechanism of creating heroic myth by means of the narrative discourse. The process of mythologization is viewed through the dynamics of evaluative description as a sign. I argue that in case the description functions as a proper name such functions are clearly indicative of mythologization.


One of the linguistic outcomes of the sustained contact of a target language (L2) with a source language (L1) in the course of history is the adaptation and integration of loanwords from the former into the lexicon of the latter. This paper discusses the phonological strategies and parameters for the adaptation of English consonants (which mainly affect nouns) into Efik. The paper discusses the factors that are responsible for borrowing and convergence as well as the linguistic consequences of loanwords in the Efik expanded vocabulary. We submit that though the pattern of borrowing is tailored to agree with the phonological system of the source language, some of the changes are however, as a result of indigenous innovations or prosodic patterns. We argue in this paper that target-source language contact phenomenon is an important source of lexical enrichment of the target language, which has expanded its functional domains to cope with modern challenges. The paper considers the implication of the study for the English language teaching and learning classroom in the Efik non-native environment.


The paper covers theoretical and practical works on conformance testing performed in ISP RAS since 1994 till now. The conformance theory development was done in various directions and, in the whole, was characterized by generalization of the interaction semantics, models and conformances in use. The necessity of such generalization was imposed, first of all, by requirements of testing practice. It is true for such system properties as nondeterminism, partial specified, asynchronous behavior, diversity of test stimuli and observations of the implementation behavior etc. It was always focused on testing effectiveness defined both by optimization of tests suites and by test generation algorithms including on-the-fly. We consider the main milestones on this way in a brief and informal discussion, paying attention not to details, but to the main problems and their solutions trying to reveal the common tendency of the development


The emergence of massive datasets in a FAERS presents both challenges and Opportunities in data analysis. This so called "big data" challenges and will increasingly require novel solutions customized from related domains. An advance in information and communication technology provides the most feasible solutions to big data analysis in terms of efficiency and scalability. The MapReduce programming framework important two tasks common in functional Programming: Map and Reduce. MapReduce is a new parallel processing framework and Hadoop is its open-source implementation on a single computing node or on clusters. The usage of MapReduce and Hadoop on a distributed system represents a significant advance in post marketing big data processing and utilization, and provides new opportunities in the emerging era of big data analytics. The main aim of this paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art efforts in post marketing Paediatrics big data analytics and highlight what might be needed to enhance the outcomes of these big data analytics tools. This paper is concluded by summarizing the potential usage of the Map Reduce programming framework and Hadoop platform to process huge volumes of data in FAERS data.


In this current work, influence of diffusion annealing temperature (650-850°C) on the electrical, superconducting and structural characterizations of pure and Ni diffused Bi-2223 materials produced by conventional solid-state reaction route is surveyed by dc electrical resistivity (ρ-T), transport critical current density (Jc) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. All the experimental findings indicate that the curial characteristics, being responsible for the novel and feasible applications, improve significantly with the enhancement of the diffusion annealing temperature up to the certain value of 700 °C after which they degrade dramatically, meaning that the properties initially get better and better as a consequence of the penetration of more and more Ni concentrations into the superconducting grains or over grain boundaries in the Bi-2223 crystal matrix. From the diffusion annealing temperature value of 700 °C onwards, the excess penetration of the Ni nanoparticles along with consecutively...


This paper focuses on the Internet of Things(IOT),which is a research hot spot in the domestic and abroad ICT field.The paper introduces the evolution process of IOT,basic concept,some related key technologies,and standardization action.Some proposals for the development of IOT related technologies and IOT industry are also described.


Histone side chains are post-translationally modified at multiple sites, including at Lys36 on histone H3 (H3K36). Several enzymes from yeast and humans, including the methyltransferases SET domain-containing 2 (Set2) and nuclear receptor SET domaincontaining 1 (NSD1), respectively, alter the methylation status of H3K36, and significant progress has been made in understanding how they affect chromatin structure and function. Although H3K36 methylation is most commonly associated with the transcription of active euchromatin, it has also been implicated in diverse processes, including alternative splicing, dosage compensation and transcriptional repression, as well as DNA repair and recombination. Disrupted placement of methylated H3K36 within the chromatin landscape can lead to a range of human diseases, underscoring the importance of this modification. The packaging of DNA with basic histones and a vast array of additional factors mediates the formation of chromatin and thereby determines the outcome of virtually all of the DNA processes in eukaryotes. Acetylation and methylation of histones were originally identified in radiolabelling studies using cell extracts1,2. Today, enzymes catalysing numerous histone post-translational modifications or 'marks' have been identified; these include phosphorylation, various modes of methylation at Arg and Lys side chains, acetylation and ubiquitylation. These marks are thought to exist in dynamic combinations to generate a 'code', or 'language', that can enforce the regulatory features of chromatin during nearly all of the aspects of cellular metabolism: a given modification or permutation of modifications dictates a distinct biological output. Given the critical biological roles of chromatin and the numerous pathologies related to its misregulation, understanding the role of histone modifications is a paramount, yet complicated task. In this Review, we focus on our current understanding of a key modification, the methylation of Lys36 at histone H3 (H3K36). Widely described to be associated with active chromatin, H3K36 methylation has also been implicated in transcriptional repression, alternative splicing, dosage compensation, DNA replication and repair, DNA methylation and the transmission of the memory of gene expression from parents to offspring during development. We highlight the specificity, regulation and functional role of the enzymes that methylate H3K36, but we refer readers to informative reviews for a detailed discussion of the counteracting demethylases3–5. Regulating the methylation of H3K36 Histone methyltransferase (HMTase) enzymes use S-adenosylmethionine to add methyl groups to specific histone Lys or Arg residues. To date, at least eight distinct mammalian © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved Competing interests statement The authors declare no competing financial interests. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 March 29. Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. ; 13(2): 115–126. doi:10.1038/nrm3274. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript enzymes have been described that methylate H3K36 in vitro and/or in vivo (FIG. 1). All of the H3K36-specific methyltransferases identified thus far have the catalytic SET domain in common, but they have varying preferences for Lys36 residues in different methylation states. In yeast, SET domain-containing 2 (Set2) performs all three methylation events at H3K36 (REF. 6), but in higher eukaryotes there is accumulating evidence that these events require a division of labour between the monoand dimethylases and the SET2-type trimethylases (FIG. 1). Several of these enzymes also possess multiple chromatin-interacting domains, including those known to interact with methylated H3K36 itself (such as the PWWP domain) and with additional methylated histone residues (such as plant homeodomain fingers (PHD fingers))7–9 (FIG. 1). Notably, SET2 proteins from multiple species have a carboxy-terminal domain that interacts with the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), which is known as RNAPII subunit B1 (RPB1)10. Determining HMTase specificity The most parsimonious scenario would predict that each H3K36 methyltransferase enzyme catalyses a transition between two distinct methylation states (for example, between unmethylated H3K36 and monomethylated H3K36 (H3K36me1)). However, this is not necessarily the case. There are many discrepancies as to the level of methylation (mono-, diand tri-) imparted, as well as the residue (or residues) that is targeted, by the various H3K36specific methyltransferases; these discrepancies may arise from multiple factors, including the nature of the substrate tested (for example, peptides and histones versus nucleosomes), the source of enzyme (for example, full length versus SET domain only) and the assay conditions themselves (for example, antibody specificity versus mass spectrometry). Physiologically relevant substrates, characterized using nucleosomes and/or loss-of-function experiments, have been determined for some H3K36 methyltransferases (TABLE 1); but for enzymes such as SETD3, the enzymatic activities reported so far are based on analyses of peptides and core histones11,12. NSD1 as a monoand dimethylase for H3K36 Although it was originally shown to bind steroid nuclear receptors13, nuclear receptor SET domain-containing 1 (NSD1; also known as KMT3B) was subsequently reported to use its SET domain to methylate H3K36 as well as H4K20 (REF. 14). However, NSD1 also methylates non-histone substrates, such as the p65 subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)15. Indeed, several HMTases have multiple substrates, including non-histones, and it is important to consider this when interpreting phenotypes derived from loss-of-function experiments. NSD1 has specific monoand dimethylase activity for H3K36 (REFS 16–18), generating H3K36me1 and dimethylated H3K36 (H3K36me2), and there are also mixed reports as to whether it has specificity for H4K20 (REFS 14,19,20). Enzymatic assays using recombinant nucleosomes containing unmethylated H3K36 or a mimic of H3K36me1 (REF. 21) were shown to serve as specific substrates for NSD1 (REF. 16). However, when histone octamers were used as substrates, NSD1 was found to additionally methylate histone H4 as well as histones H2A and H2B, suggesting that nucleosomes contribute to H3K36 specificity. Structural data have also confirmed the specificity of NSD1 as a monoand dimethylase that targets H3K36 (REF. 18). Intriguingly, this study showed that the substrate-binding channel of NSD1 is blocked by an autoinhibitory loop that resides between the SET and post-SET domains. As Lys36 resides near the core of the nucleosome, interactions between the enzyme and DNA may allosterically relieve inhibition by this loop, a result that is consistent with the preference of NSD enzymes for nucleosome substrates, as opposed to octamers. This furtherunderscores the necessity for using physiologically relevant substrates in order to properly characterize enzyme specificity towards H3K36. Wagner and Carpenter Page 2 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 March 29. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript NSD1 controls the levels of methylated H3K36 within and surrounding the body of the bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells17. In the absence of NSD1, BMP4 expression is significantly impaired and the levels of all three forms of methylated H3K36 are reduced within the body of the gene. These data could support a model in which NSD1 catalyses H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), but a more likely scenario is that the loss of monoand dimethylation at H3K36 also inhibits trimethylation by failing to provide another HMTase, SETD2 (also known as KMT3A and HYPB), with its substrate. This is an important distinction to make when considering which HMTases regulate the formation of a trimethylated residue. The role of NSD1 as a monoand dimethylase also seems to be conserved in other metazoans. Worms and flies each have one NSD1 orthologue called maternal-effect sterile 4 (MES-4)22,23. In Caenorhabditis elegans, MES-4 has been reported to be a dimethylase that is specific for H3K36 (REF. 22). Similarly to NSD1, Drosophila melanogaster MES-4 catalyses global monoand dimethylation of H3K36 in vivo, but SET2, the fly orthologue of human SETD2, regulates all trimethylation at this site; again, MES-4 is probably required to provide the proper dimethylated H3K36 substrate for the SET2 enzyme. In worms, mutation of the SETD2 orthologue histone methyltransferase-like 1 (met-1) significantly reduced global H3K36me3 levels24. This supports the notion that the worm MES-4 and MET-1 proteins coordinate dimethylation and trimethylation, respectively24. These experiments are generally consistent with studies of mammalian NSD proteins and SETD2 (REFS 16,25). By contrast, separate studies showed by immunostaining that worm embryos individually deficient in mes-4 or met-1 retain significant levels of H3K36me3, but embryos doubly deficient in mes-4 and met-1 are completely devoid of H3K36me3 (REFS 26,27). This suggests that MES-4 collaborates with MET-1 to perform trimethylation. As each of these studies has used different antibodies, it will be important to validate these experiments using additional, antibody-independent techniques, such as mass spectrometry. Collectively, the combination of in vitro and in vivo data suggests that NSD1 and its orthologues probably catalyse the addition of either the monomethyl or dimethyl groups onto H3K36 and so indirectly regulate the levels of trimethylation by altering the availability of monomethyl and dimethyl substrates for the trimethylating enzymes. NSD2 as a monoand dimethylase for H3K36 Similarly to NSD1, NSD2, the product of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndr


Text-analysis has been scarcely used by the Geography of Perception. And what is more, the works which had used it habitually followed the criticized methodology of comparison between the objective and subjective conceptions of space. Presuming that space is a category without substance, that is substance as being relative, it is important to note that the support systems in which this relativity is based are as important as the study of space itself. Existential philosophy affirmed that texts are ways to "unveil" the confluence between reality, life and experience. Moreover, the anti-quantitative Phenomenology established that texts are natural and spontaneous expressions of reality, forever subjective, because it always is real only for an individual or collective subject.


(...) To determine the feasibility of quantifying P. parasitica in soil with a DNA hybridization assay, the amount of P. parasitica DNA detected in leaf disk baits was compared to the number of propagules estimated by the most probable number method for the same soil samples. The relationship between the two sets of data, however, varied with sampling date. Although this assay method did not reliably quantify populations of P. parasitica, the results demonstrate that a DNA probe can detect P. parasitica in soil at population levels comparable to those detected by baiting methods


The geothermal turbine blades are critical components that convert the kinetic energy of the steam flow into mechanical energy. The blades of the last stage in low pressure are longer and they define the turbine's overall performance. Some problems of damage to the blades of low pressure, are caused by environment and particles into stage of steam turbine. These situation arise pitting corrosion in the surface of the blade and corrosion fatigue mechanisms. In this works the behavior of the material of the geothermal turbine blade which is made of stainless steel AISI 410 SS is described. The tests were conducted by exposing the blade material in a corrosive environment and load cycles causing damage corrosion fatigue, crack initiation and propagation. The corrosion fatigue phenomenon (CF) was studied through the electrochemical noise technique in potential. Crack formation of the pit was determined from the stress intensity factor was calculated assuming that the pit was a semi-elliptical crack.


In this paper, the hysteresis current controller for the brushless DC (BLDC) motor is presented to minimize the torque ripple by adopting Constant band hysteresis current controller during the commutation period only. However, constant band hysteresis current controller has problems caused by variable switching frequency. In spite of the problems, the constant band hysteresis current controller works well to reduce commutation torque ripple as well as switching power loss for BLDC motor drive because the switching power loss and the amount of commutation torque ripple can be controlled by the slope of the reference phase current and hysteresis bandwidth respectively. The detailed proposed constant band hysteresis current control technique is elucidated and the performance is verified via Matlab/Simulink simulation.


Abstract Objectives A novel betacoronavirus, SARV-COV-2, was first reported in China on December 31, 2019. Since that time, the number of cases worldwide has grown exponentially. Because this coronavirus was newly described in the human population, strategies to combat spread, to test appropriately, and to identify those at higher risk for severe disease changed frequently as understanding evolved. Case presentation This is a report of a case that demonstrate that coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is possible and likely more common than initially projected. The patient is a 28-year-old G2P1001 at 31 weeks and four days gestation that presented with a 5-day history of high fevers, cough, myalgias, malaise and headache. Patient was diagnosed with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, admitted for supportive care, and no longer considered a person under investigation for COVID19 because of her positive respiratory panel. Patient's SARS-CoV-2 screen came back positive two days after her discharge from the hospital. Patient required readmission for worsening symptoms later that night, presenting with tachypnea, hypotension, and pneumonia. Patient was successfully discharged home on hospital day six. Conclusions Co-infection with other respiratory viruses happens more than originally thought, therefore going forward protocols should be cognizant of this. When patients present with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19, he or she should be tested regardless of the status of the respiratory viral panel, including influenza.


This paper analyses the inter-generational bargain in terms of how people seek to invest for the wellbeing of future generations, relating the inter-generational bargain to the concept of sustainable development. We consider aspects of wellbeing that are not marketed, such as environmental and social goods, as well as consumption goods. The paper begins by considering how people might form targets for the quality of life of their children and grandchildren. We then consider to what extent individuals can effect their desires for their descendants and how, for some factors, government action can be necessary. The paper argues that developing country governments ought to be concerned about long-term issues for the democratic reason that their citizens are concerned about the wellbeing of their immediate descendants. Certain aspects of sustainable development cannot be dealt with at the individual or the community level; these require government or in some cases international action. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A survival analysis in patients that assisted to the peritoneal dialysis service of the Hospital Cl´onico Universitario de Caracas, Venezuela, between 1980 y 1997, using death as event of interest is presented. Estimation of the survival function by the Kaplan-Meier estimator, Semi-parametric proportional hazard models (Cox models), verification of the assumptions of the models and residual analysis are included. In the Cox model, diabetes, age and Quetellet's index are used as covariates.


Abstract The objective of this study was to study the effect of the clear silicon matrix thickness on knoop microhardness of dual-cured composite resin provisional restoration. The samples were divided into four groups according to the thickness of the clear silicone : no silicone, 2, 4 and    6 mm respectively used as a barrier between the optical fiber of light curing unit and provisional restoration. The samples were treated with a visible light curing unit for 40 seconds. The Knoop hardness number was compared with microhardness tester in each sample at a depth of 0, 2, 4 and 6 mm. with a load of 25 gram for 10 seconds. The microhardness tested were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance.The result of this study, the clear silicone thickness significantly affected the knoop hardness number of the provisional restoration at the depth of 0 mm (p<0.05). But the clear silicone thickness were not affected the provisional restoration at the depth of 2, 4, and 6 mm between some groups (p<0.05). Application of clear silicone as a matrix for fabricating provisional restorations clinically need to have more exposure time of light from light curing unit for increasing the hardness when the patient clinically used. Keyword : Degree of conversion , Provisional restoration , Clear silicone , Microhardness


Understanding charge transfer reactions between quantum dots (QD) and metal oxides is fundamental for improving photocatalytic, photovoltaic, and electronic devices. The complexity of these processes makes it difficult to find an optimum QD size with rapid charge injection and low recombination. We combine time-domain density functional theory with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to investigate the size and temperature dependence of the experimentally studied electron transfer and charge recombination at CdSe QD–TiO2 nanobelt (NB) interfaces. The electron injection rate shows strong dependence on the QD size, increasing for small QDs. The rate exhibits Arrhenius temperature dependence, with the activation energy of the order of millielectronvolts. The charge recombination process occurs due to coupling of the electronic subsystem to vibrational modes of the TiO2 NB. Inelastic electron–phonon scattering happens on a picosecond time scale, with strong dependence on the QD size. Our simulations demonstrate t...


This on-line study evaluated whether the presence of callous and unemotional (CU) traits in a written case description affects practitioners' countertransference (CT), appraisal of both global and specific client traits and other therapy-relevant variables. One hundred and fifty three mental health practitioners were randomly assigned to one of two groups: One group read a hypothetical case description of a client who did not present with CU traits (NCU Group) while the other group read the same case description as the NCU Group, but with the addition of CU traits (CU Group). The results demonstrated that the presence of CU traits not only was related to CT, but also to how much time and energy practitioners invested in treatment, their likelihood of referral, and their anticipated therapy effectiveness. Consistent with the halo effect, the global assessment of CU traits, and likability was also related to practitioners' assessment of a more specific client trait. Last, practitioners indicated that the "likability" of likable clients had more influence on their assessment of clients and ratings of therapy-relevant variables than the "likability" of unlikable clients. Although practitioners who work with CU trait clients strive to effect change and reduce problematic behavior, they are confronted with the formidable task of forging an alliance with clients who are typically unresponsive to and disengaged from treatment. It is hoped that this study will prompt practitioners to examine and learn from their emotional responses to these difficult clients and expand their knowledge of CU trait clients so that they might better understand CU trait clients' suffering, cultivate empathy, and effectively treat their pain.


Part of the data from a retrospective study of asbestos (1332214) textile workers was used to relate loss in forced vital capacity (FVC) to cumulative asbestos exposure. Using occupational histories and the results of air sampling analyses, estimates of individual cumulative asbestos fiber exposures were made for asbestos textile workers. Only those workers with more than 10 years of exposure were included in the analysis. The patterns of exposure in the production workers indicated high exposures in the 1930s, dramatic reductions in the late 1930s to early 1940s, and some further reduction to about 1950 with little change thereafter to the conclusion of the study. A relationship was developed between the ratio of the observed FVC to predicted FVC and the logarithm of exposure by linear regression. Tests were also made using office workers in the same textile facility. Weavers and yarn production workers had FVCs which were less than the predicted values and less than those of the office workers. A progressive effect was noted of asbestos dust exposure on FVC. Each doubling of cumulative asbestos fiber exposure above 100 fiber years/cubic centimeter resulted in a loss of 5 to 10% in FVC.


It has long been known that motion in a sequence of images has a characteristic signature in the spatiotemporal-frequency (Fourier) domain. For sequences which involve multiple objects in motion, however the global nature of the Fourier transform makes it unsuitable as a mechanism for motion analysis. In general, the signatures of the different motions cannot be resolved. Local frequency representations provide a means to address this difficulty. In the past, both the use of windowed Fourier analysis and the Wigner distribution have been proposed for this task. We consider the application of this 3-D Gabor (1946) transform to motion analysis.


This paper introduces a controlled blasting method of a dangerous building of combined construction and technical summary of this blasting engineering, the similar engineering can use it as a reference.


In this investigation, a three dimensional, single-phase proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with triple-serpentine flow channel was studied numerically, evaluating reactant gas humidification, water management and cell performance. The model equations were solved using CFD software ANSYS Fluent® 16.2 with Gambit® (2.4.6) as a pre-processor. This 3-D model with 19x50 mm2 active layer used to investigate the performance of fuel cell by determining the current density, oxygen, hydrogen and water molar concentration distributions took into account the mass, momentum, energy, species, charge conservation equation as well as combines electrochemistry reaction inside the fuel cell. The simulation results were illustrated polarization curves including I–V and I–P curves. Various properties of the GDL such as permeability, porosity, tortuosity and the hydrophobic texture can affect the flooding at flow channels. In this study, the effect of GDL porosity on flooding was investigated with different operating conditions. From the results, for lower operating voltages, as the cathode and anode relative humidity increases, the cell performance is enhanced because the cell performance is mainly dependent on the cathode mass transport limitations due to the liquid water blockage effect. As decreases, the oxygen concentration in the reactants increases and the water concentration on the cathode side decreases, this reduces flooding and improves the cell performance. Also, analysing the polarization curve it can be said the performance of the PEM fuel cell was improved by increasing the reactant gases humidification.


Statins are 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors blocking cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells, thereby causing an increase in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors resulting in enhanced uptake and clearance of atherogenic LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) from the blood. Accordingly, statins decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Besides the LDL‐C‐lowering impact, statins also have other so‐called pleiotropic effects. Among them, the ability to modulate differentiation and function of bone cells and exert direct effects on osteosynthesis factors. Specifically, earlier studies have shown that statins cause in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation.


Sheep (Ovis aries) grazing during fallow for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow systems may influence soil C and N levels and grain yields by returning part of consumed crop residue to the soil through feces and urine. We evaluated the effects of fallow management (sheep grazing [grazing], herbicide application [chemical], and tillage [mechanical]) for weed control and soil water conservation and cropping sequence (continuous spring wheat [CSW], spring wheat-fallow [SW-F], and winter wheat-fallow [WW-F]) on soil organic carbon (SOC), inorganic carbon (SIC), total nitrogen (STN), NH 4 -N, and NO 3 -N levels at the 0- to 120-cm depth and wheat yield. The experiment was conducted in a Blackmore silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Argiustolls) from 2004 to 2008 in southwestern Montana. Annualized wheat grain and biomass yields were greater in CSW than in SW-F and WW-F and greater in 2004 than in other years. From 2004 to 2007, SOC concentration at 0- to 15-cm declined by 2.99 g C kg -1 yr -1 . In 2008, SOC content at 10 to 120 cm was greater in the mechanical or chemical than in the grazing treatment in CSW and SW-F. The STN content at 0 to 5 cm was greater in the chemical and mechanical than in the grazing treatment but at 30 to 60 cm was greater in the grazing than in the chemical treatment in CSW. From 2004 to 2006, NO 3 -N content at 0 to 60 cm was greater in SW-F or WW-F than in CSW. In 2008, NO 3 -N content at 30 to 120 cm was greater in CSW and SW-F than in WW-F and at 60 to 90 cm was greater in the mechanical than in the chemical treatment. The SIC and NH 4 -N contents were largely not influenced by treatments. Continuous tillage, followed by reduced amount of wheat residue returned to the soil from 2004 to 2007 probably reduced soil C and N storage. In contrast, greater amount ofN removed by wheat grain due to continuous cropping probably reduced soil NO 3 -N in CSW. For sustaining wheat yields and maintaining soil C and N levels, reduced tillage with continuous cropping and less intensive sheep grazing that increase the amount of wheat residue returned to the soil could be adopted.


The article presents the results of research, as well as sets forth theoretical and mathematical models of life cycle management systems for products of the aviation industry using the theory of potentials. A new category has been introduced for managing the life cycle of an object - potential. Aim. Develop a toolkit for life cycle management based on the potentials of the object. An aircraft engine unit was selec¬ted as an object. Methods. The basis for the formation of new tools may be a previously unremarked pro¬perty of an object, which manifests itself as a result of significant transformations in the external environment and contains new information about the object. The trend towards the development of information support for the stages of the life cycle creates new theories and approaches, among which the theory of potentials is presented. It is assumed that the developed toolkit can be formalized for all components of an aircraft engine at any stage of the life cycle. The accumulated potential analysis is related to past changes. Time is counted against the flow of time. Life cycle potential is calculated as the accumulated potential of all threads. A necessary element is the construction of a business model of the process, which includes a data model, a model of the organizational structure of departments involved in the technological process and a functional model of the process. Results. A mathematical model of product lifecycle management is developed using the following categories: accumulated and predicted potentials. Potentials are calculated based on the initial data of the enterprise for the object of study. The accumulated potential takes into account the materialization of past data streams, therefore analysis and modeling are linked to past changes. The mea¬ning of the predictive potential is to determine the market value of future payments. Collectively, the payments are assumed to determine the market value of the asset associated with them. Conclusion. The existing structure of organizational, functional elements and data elements of the object is sufficient to determine the accumulated potential. Indeed, in relation to assets, it is possible to calculate the predicted and accumulated potential where there is a clear trend in the potential change. The feasibility of calculating the potential instead of using the initial data is caused by the great adequacy of the potential model.


This paper is intended to serve as a primer for the theme of fiscal federalism—design of fiscal constitutions for countries where government functions are shared among multiple orders of government. Principles and practices in allocation of spending, taxing and regulatory responsibilities are presented followed by a discussion of current issues in practice. An overview of the principles and practices of intergovernmental transfers is presented. A synthesis of tools and mechanisms for dealing with fiscal conflicts and overcoming regional fiscal disparity is elaborated. Finally, underlying reasons for the growing popularity of federal model of governance are explored.


In this 24 minute video recording that is transcribed and translated into English and Spanish with interlinear morpheme glosses members of Jacinto Aguavil's family talk about death and the afterlife.


This paper shows how a corpus of instant messages can be employed to detect de facto communities of practice automatically. A novel algorithm based on the concept of Edge Stress Factor is proposed and validated. Results show that this approach is fast and effective in studying collaborative behavior.


The Pacific was once known for its cultural diversity and peaceful coexistence between peoples and was largely left unhindered by the Colombian State. However the recent implementation of large-scale development projects has coincided with heightened conflict in the region The Black Communities Process is both an important movement and ethno-territorial social process. Founded in Colombia in the early 1990s it has arisen from the experience gained during years of organizing in the afro-descendent communities along Colombias Pacific Coast. In order to explore some of these issues we spoke with Namby Mandinga a leader of the Black Community Process. She described the current situation in Colombia the role of women and how the current conflict affects Afro-descendants their social process and the relationship to their ancestral territories. (excerpt)


The Taboos are a part of traditional culture .The taboos of Hans mainly stems from the ancients of the Hans, Buddhist culture and the effect of other culture. It could play important role in restricting people behaviours,enhancing the national cohesion and affinity ,regulating and upholding the family and social orders.


ABSTRACT Many indigenous vegetables are generally underutilized across different cultures, but they remain alternatives to exotic vegetables that often are expensive. This study investigated effects of participation in indigenous vegetable production on livelihood of farmers. Multistaged sampling was used to collect data from 222 vegetable farmers sampled from using a semi-structured questionnaire. Principal component analysis and endogenous switching regression (ESR) were employed for analysis. The ESR accounted for heterogeneity in the decision to participate or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farms. Principal component analysis indicated 44.44% of respondents are low-level participants in production of indigenous vegetables (<4). Participation in the Nigeria–Canada vegetable project (NiCanVeg) increased household income; however, the impact of participation on income was smaller for households that participated, than those that did not. The impact of the NiCanVeg project on livelihood of participants was negative. For a project to have positive significant effects on livelihood, household characteristics of participants should be considered in its implementation.


This paper describes the design, fabrication, and experimental results of a novel transducer for measuring intravascular blood flow. The transducer consists of a diffraction-grating transducer, to provide vector Doppler capability, wrapped around a cylinder for mounting on a catheter. The new device appears to be useful for quantitative flow measurements to guide and assess intravascular procedures.∗


Guinea pigs were exposed to total-body radiation with x rays at a rate of 33.9 to 58.8 r/min from a distance of 40 to 50 cm in a lethal dose of 500 r, sublethal dose of 100 r, and an intermediate dose of 300 r. After the exposure, the changes in the white cell count and in the hemoglobin level were followed up until the animal died. The findings obtained on the same animals before exposures served as control level. The guinea pigs' symptoms of radiation sickness and the autopsy findings were also recorded. In some experiments the guinea pigs were exposed a second time to total-body radiation, 2.5 to 5 months after the first exposure. A dose of 100 r caused a nonlethal radiation sickness which was accompanied by a moderate anemia and leucopenia. A dose of 500 r caused the death of 77.5% of the animals and the radiation sickness was accompanied by marked anemia and leucopenia. The survival of some of the animal suggests the existence of individual differences in the resistance to radiation. Females proved to be less resistant to radiation than males: for example, after exposure to 500 r, marked leucopenia occurred in 1/2 ofmore » the females and only 1/2 of the males, very low hemoglobin levels (20 to 30%) were found in 8 out of 22 females and 11 out of 67 males, and the radiation sickness led to the animals' death in 20 out of 22 females and only in 49 out of 89 males. ff surviving animals were exposed a second time, they appeared to have an increased resistance to lethal doses. Immunization with Clostridium perfringens did not aggravate the course of radiation sickness. (OTS)« less


State renewable portfolio standards requiring more intermittent wind and solar generation will substantially increase the uncertainty and variability in grid operations. Geothermal power plant operators could mitigate variability and uncertainty by operating plants in a more flexible mode. This study explores economic incentives and innovative reservoir management for geothermal plant operators to provide such flexibility.


We construct a complete set of reeection functors for the representations of posets and prove that they really have the usual properties. In particular, when the poset is of nite representation type, all its indecomposable representations can be obtained from some \trivial" ones via reeections. To deene such reeection functors, a wider class of matrix problem is introduced, called \representations of bisected posets". Representations of partially ordered sets (\posets") introduced by Naza-rova and Roiter 7] were, maybe, the rst example of matrix problems, whose theory was circumstantially elaborated. Later on they played an eminent role in the whole theory of matrix problems as well as of representations of algebras. So it is not surprising that it was also the rst case, when one tried to introduce something like Bernstein{Gelfand{Ponomarev's reeection func-tors. Namely, one could not deene all of them though in 2] the author managed to introduce some substitutes for one of them and the product of all others. That was enough to consider the \Coxeter transformation" and to obtain almost all necessary results for the posets of nite representation type. Nevertheless, some unsatisfaction remained, as one would like to get all re-ections, not only their composition. Some hint was contained in Ovsienko's paper 9], where all reeections were introduced for another class of matrix problems. The thing was that, though starting with usual representations of


Recently, most agrarian countries have witnessed either declining or stagnant crop yields. Inadequate soil organic matter (SOM) due to the poor physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil leads to an overall decline in the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, the adoption of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices is vital to revive sustainable soil health without compromising yield potential. Integrated nutrient management is a modified nutrient management technique with multifarious benefits, wherein a combination of all possible sources of plant nutrients is used in a crop nutrition package. Several studies conducted in various parts of the world have demonstrated the benefits of INM in terms of steep gain in soil health and crop yields and at the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and other related problems. The INM practice in the cropped fields showed a 1,355% reduction in methane over conventional nutrient management. The increase in crop yields due to the adoption of INM over conventional nutrient management was as high as 1.3% to 66.5% across the major cropping systems. Owing to the integration of organic manure and residue retention in INM, there is a possibility of significant improvement in soil aggregates and microbiota. Furthermore, most studies conducted to determine the impact of INM on soil health indicated a significant increase in overall soil health, with lower bulk density, higher porosity, and water-holding capacity. Overall, practicing INM would enhance soil health and crop productivity, in addition to decreasing environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and production costs.


The author examines the impact of religion and religious beliefs on fertility, family size, and contraception acceptance in Nigeria. After a brief discussion of the effects of Nigeria's high fertility on its infrastructure and the standard of living of its population, the belief systems of tribal religions, Islam, and Christianity concerning sexuality and fertility are explored. Difficulties in formulating population policies that are acceptable to these religious groups and that will lower fertility are also described.


The wind generation system treated in this paper is composed of a fixed pitch angle wind turbine followed by a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and power electronic converters AC-DC-AC which are coupled to a DC link. This work deals with the control of the inverter in order to ensure a constant DC link voltage. The control design is based on Takagi Sugeno fuzzy model. Stability analysis of the problem is realized using Lyapunov theorem and H-infinity performance. In order to calculate the controller gains, the problem is treated by means of Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). Simulation results are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK to test the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.


Solar cells are considered photovoltaic devices regardless of the light wavelength they absorb. Electromagnetic energy in the visible spectrum, such as visible light, is detected by photodetectors (for example, infrared detectors). In distant areas of developing nations, tiny solar cells may power anything from household appliances to satellites, outdoor lighting, and even refrigeration for medicines. Evaluations of the proposed Sb2Se3-based solar cell technology have been conducted quantitatively and in terms of yield. Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), cadmium telluride (CZTSe), and gold make up a solar cell based on Sb2Se3 (Au). The photovoltaic effect of the proposed Sb2Se3-based solar cell device on its Sb2Se3 layer is also explored (i.e., absorber layer). The research also discusses how the thickness of the absorber layer or the Sb2Se3 layer impacts the Performance of solar cells. The Performance of Sb2Se3-based solar cells with bulk Sb2Se3 defects has also been documented, and it has been demonstrated that the thickness of the absorber layer in Sb2Se3-based solar cell devices impacts the quantum efficiency of the suggested device. The proposed Sb2Se3-based solar cell's open-source voltage is 8.62mV, short circuit current is 2.47mA/cm2, fill factor is 656.9, and power conversion efficiency is 20.94%, it can be concluded.


The authors deal with the issues of social insurance in the Russian Federation, its role in the system of population social protection. The essence of the social insurance is revealed. The key objectives of the social insurance system are identified. The main problems are specified and possible ways to improve the organization of the social insurance system in Russia today are suggested.


Both sickle-cell anemia and G6PD deficiency are red blood cell gene abnormalities that cause hemolytic anemia. Their association may have serious consequences. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of such an association at the CNRD of Niamey and the impact of G6PD on sickle-cell anemia patients. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 227 major sickle-cell anemia patients in stationary phase by comparing hematological parameters, free and total bilirubin concentrations, impaired hepatic and splenic functions as well as hospitalization and blood transfusion rates. G6PD intra erythrocytic was determined by spectrophotometry at all sickle cell patients on the hemolysate of washed red blood cells. Findings were analyzed by Epi-info 3.5.4 and the significance level was set at P < 0.05. G6PD was found in 7.08% of sickle-cell anemia patients. SS sickle-cell anemia was the most frequent form of the disease (83.3%). Hb levels as well as reticulocyte rates and MCHC were not significantly different in both groups of major sicklecell anemia patients. But, the level of total bilirubin was significantly high in sickle-cell anemia in case of G6PD deficiency. Though the risk of hospitalization was similar in both groups of patients, sickle-cell anemia patients with G6PD deficiency were more likely to develop hepatomegaly or splenomegaly.


X-ray imaging has been undertaken on Sandia National Laboratories' radiation effects x-ray simulators. These simulators typically yield a single very short (<20ns) pulse of high-energy (MeV endpoint energy bremsstrahlung) x-ray radiation with doses in the kilorad (krad (Si)) region. X-ray source targets vary in size from 2 to 25cm diameter, dependent upon the particular simulator. Electronic imaging of the source x-ray emission under dynamic conditions yields valuable information upon how the simulator is performing. The resultant images are of interest to the simulator designer who may configure new x-ray source converter targets and diode designs. The images can provide quantitative information about machine performance during radiation effects testing of components under active conditions. The effects testing program is a valuable interface for validation of high performance computer codes and models for the radiation effects community. A novel high-energy x-ray imaging spectrometer is described whereby the spectral energy (0.5 to 1.8MeV) profile may be discerned from the digitally recorded and viewable images via a pinhole/scintillator/CCD imaging system and knowledge of the filtration parameters. Unique images, analysis and an evaluation of the capability of the spectrometer are presented.


Consider any supercritical Galton-Watson process which may become extinct with positive probability. It is a well-understood and intuitively obvious phenomenon that, on the survival set, the process may be pathwise decomposed into a stochastically 'thinner' Galton-Watson process, which almost surely survives and which is decorated with immigrants, at every time step, initiating independent copies of the original GaltonWatson process conditioned to become extinct. The thinner process is known as the backbone and characterizes the genealogical lines of descent of prolic individuals in the original process. Here, prolic means individuals who have at least one descendant in every subsequent generation to their own. Starting with Evans and O'Connell [17], there exists a cluster of literature, [13, 30, 5, 2, 26], describing the analogue of this decomposition (the so-called backbone decomposition) for a variety of dierent classes of superprocesses and continuous-state branching processes. Note that the latter family of stochastic processes may be seen as the total mass process of superprocesses with non-spatially dependent branching mechanism. In this article we consolidate the aforementioned collection of results concerning backbone decompositions and describe a result for a general class of supercritical superprocesses with spatially dependent branching mechanisms. Our approach exposes the commonality and robustness of many of the existing arguments in the literature.


We review the recently proposed Trans-Planckian Censorship Conjecture (TCC) that stems from the trans-Planckian problem of cosmological perturbations. We analyze the implications and constraints that the TCC introduces in different frameworks of viable inflation. We revisit the case of slow-roll scalar field inflation and we investigate the cases of slow-roll f(R) and f(R,ϕ)-gravity. Finally, we consider the conjecture in the context of constant-roll scalar field inflation.


Recent observations from SAMPEX have shown that "anomalous cosmic rays" are
the principal source of high energy (> 10MeV/nuc) heavy ions trapped in the
radiation belts. This component of interplanetary particles is known to originate
from interstellar atoms that has been accelerated to high energies in the outer
heliosphere. The mechanism by which anomalous cosmic rays with ~1 to ~50 Me V/nuc are trapped in a radiation belt at L ≈ 2 has now been verified. We
discuss models for accelerating and trapping anomalous cosmic rays and review
observations of their composition, energy spectra, pitch angle distribution, and time
variations. Extrapolation of the fluxes observed at ~600 km to higher altitude and
other time periods is also discussed.


Musical nationalism is sometimes looked on as a transient phenomenon, characteristic of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and closely associated with political nationalism. But such a view is only a half-truth: national characteristics have had a way of turning up in the music of most ages, and we find them not only in periods of militant political nationalism and parochialism, but also, often to a striking degree, at times when frontiers seemed to imply no cultural barriers. Medieval civilization was international to an extent that would have been inconceivable in the nineteenth century; yet there is no mistaking the quintessential italianità of, say, Landini. The Italian and English madrigal schools of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries could be regarded as closely-related phases of one great cultural flowering; yet one need not look at the words to assign madrigals by Marenzio and Weelkes, or Gastoldi and Morley, to their respective countries.


The adsorption dynamics for the formation of self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiols has been investigated by electrochemical method, water contact angle and scanning tunneling microscopy. Thiols with three alkyl chains, including short chain hexanethiol, middle chain dodecanethiol, and long chain octadecanethiol are examined. The experimental results indicate that the adsorption of thiols onto Au substrate consists of two process, a rapid adsorption and a slow reorganization. The rapid adsorption process is demonstrated to follow the diffusion-controlled Langmuir model. The apparent adsorption rate constant is obtained from the slopes, which is related to the concentration. According to our results, the difference of activation energy per methylene unit is 89 J/mol.


Ionic liquids were used as solvents for dispersing luminescent lanthanide-doped LaF3:Ln3+ nanocrystals (Ln3+ = Eu3+ and Nd3+). To increase the solubility of the inorganic nanoparticles in the ionic liquids, the nanocrystals were prepared with different stabilizing ligands, i.e., citrate, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine), and lauryldimethylglycine (lauryl betaine). LaF3:5%Ln3+:betaine could successfully be dispersed in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4mpyr][Tf2N], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate [C4mpyr][TfO], and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4mim][Tf2N] but only in limited amounts. Red photoluminescence was observed for the europium(III)-containing nanoparticles and near-infrared luminescence for the neodymium(III)-containing systems.


It is not only the requirement of urbanization,but also the demand for self- improvement for new generation of migrant workers to take further education courses.Self-taught Examination possesses characteristics such as open,flexible,low cost and few conflicts between work and study.It fits migrant workers in that it satisfies their demand for convenient,safe and efficient forms of study.This paper analyzes the advantages and existing problems of Self- taught Examination in enhancing the quality of new generation of migrant workers.It offers suggestions on improving adaptability of Self-taught Examination in educating new generation of migrant workers from the perspectives of optimizing the majors settings,enhancing the applicability of majors and making them more occupation-oriented,strengthening social assistance and constructing a supportive service system in Selftaught Examination study.


With the rapid advancements in robotic technologies, the increasing diversity of hardware and software in robot systems has a significant impact on the design of robot control systems. The structure of robots becomes more and more sophisticated with the growing of the number of receptors and effectors. Integrating receptors and effectors to agents in multi-agent robotic system in order to complete a set of tasks is an important problem demanding efficient solution in the robot control system design. We present a bin-packing algorithm for task allocation and a graph nodes consolidation approach for resource allocation. Our bin-packing algorithm can allocate the tasks to each agent to meet the constraints of the computational ability of agents and the execution time of tasks, while guaranteeing all tasks can be completed. The graph nodes consolidation algorithm allocates all the resources to agents while minimizing the number of connections between agents, leading to a communication-efficient system structure. The proposed algorithms have polynomial time complexity compared with constrained guess-check and brutal force methods for solving complex multi-agent resource allocation problems.


a controlling material for this application, higher viscosity grade of Hypromellose (HPMC) is commonly used and use of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is not so common. In this study, we carried out the comparison of tablet properties and drug release for high viscosity grade of HPC and HPMC in formulations prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods using theophylline as model drug. As a result of the comparison, HPC-H was found to have equivalent tablet properties and control release performance to HPMC while its viscosity was much lower. Comparative Study of High Viscosity Grade of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC-H) for Hydrophilic Matrix, Sustained Release Formulation Kenji Sugisawa, Satoru Abe, Shinichiro Tsue, Takeshi Shimotori, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., Shin-Ohtemachi Bldg., 2-1, Ohtemachi 2-Chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8165, Japan Tel: +81-3-3245-6351, Fax: +81-3-3245-6059, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Crossed molecular beams have been used to study rotationally and vibrationally inelastic scattering from the (72, K'=0) and the (00, K'=0) levels of 1Au (S1) trans‐glyoxal in collision with H2. The center‐of‐mass collision energy was approximately 80 meV (650 cm−1). Laser excitation was used to select each of the initial vibrational levels with rotational states limited to J'=0–10, K'=0. Dispersed fluorescence was used to monitor quantitatively the final rotational and vibrational levels populated in single collision scattering. Vibrationally inelastic scattering from each initial level has an absolute cross section large enough to allow the process to be observed easily with resolution of accompanying ΔK rotational state changes. Although many final vibrational levels are energetically accessible and in principle observable, only those reached by ±1 quantum changes in the lowest frequency mode, the OHC–CHO torsion ν7, are seen. From the initial level 72, the cross sections for Δυ7=+1 and Δυ7=−1 are nearl...


ABSTRACT
Objective: To isolate bioactive acetogenin compound and to investigate antimicrobial, antioxidant as well as cytotoxic activities of the isolate, fractions and extracts of Polyalthia debilis.

Methods: The P. debilis (roots) extracts and isolated compound were tested for their antimicrobial (agar dilution method) against twenty-seven strains of microorganisms (gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and diploid fungus), antioxidant (DPPH assay) and cytotoxic activities. The plant extracts were isolated by column chromatography and structure of compound was confirmed by spectral data .

Result: The plant extracts and isolated fractions exhibited antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The isolated acetogenin 1 (debilisome E) displayed antimicrobial activity against Morexella catarrhalis with the MIC of 64 microgram/mL, Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 10356 and Streptococcus pyogenes with partial inhibition (50-75%) at 128 microgram/mL. The compound 1 exerted cytotoxic activity against 5 cancer cells (HepG2, A549, HCC-S102,HL-60 and P388) with IC50 values 18.4 - 40.3 microgram/mL.

Conclusion: The results demonstrate novel bioactivities of P. debilis as antimicrobials and anticancer agents.


The freely-suspended glass membranes in a dual-nanoweb fiber, driven at resonance by intensity-modulated light, exhibit a giant optomechanical nonlinearity. We experimentally investigate the effect of squeezed-film damping by exploring the pressure dependence of resonant frequency and mechanical quality factor. As a consequence of the unusually narrow slot between the nanowebs (22 μm by 550 nm), the gas-spring effect causes a pressure-dependent frequency shift that is ∼15 times greater than typically measured in micro-electro-mechanical devices. When evacuated, the dual-nanoweb fiber yields a quality factor of ∼3 600 and a resonant optomechanical nonlinear coefficient that is ∼60 000 times larger than the Kerr effect.


Classic G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mechanisms involve intracellular signaling initiated at the cell membrane leading to changes in cell function. However, recent evidence suggests GPCR localize to and signal from both the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. Several cell types, including neurons, hepatocytes, and cardiac myocytes have functional GPCR at the nucleus. In cardiac myocytes, activation of nuclear alpha1 adrenergic receptors (α1‐AR) can protect cardiac myocytes from several cell death signals. Here we examined the localization and signaling of α1‐AR subtypes A, B and D in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and mouse prostate SMC. GFP fusion proteins of each α1‐AR subtype were infected into cultured SMC and visualized using confocal microscopy. In human vascular SMC and mouse prostate SMC, the α1A‐AR localized to the plasma membrane with some intracellular localization, whereas the α1B‐ and α1D‐AR localized mostly intracellularly. Activation of α1‐AR in human vascular or mouse prostate SMC lead to phosphorylation of ERK, however this response was only detectable following 48 hr of serum deprivation in culture media. Further experiments to determine the contribution of intracellular α1‐AR versus cell membrane α1‐AR to signaling could have an impact on treatments for hypertension and benign prostate hyperplasia. This work was supported by a grant from NIH (CDW).


A dynamic test of the heat-collecting efficiency of different types of collectors was carried out to study the heat-collecting efficiency of flat solar air heaters.The results showed that the temperature at the air outlet and the heat collecting efficiency of the solar air heater with a perforated absorber flat plate were apparently higher than those of the solar air heater with a non-porous corrugated absorber plate.Therefore,the former solar air heater was proved to be able to absorb more radiant heat energy from the sun to increase the heat convection between the absorber flat plate and the air.


Securing e-commerce sites has become a necessity as they process critical and sensitive data to customers and organizations. When a customer navigates through an e-commerce site his/her clicks are recorded in web log file. Analyzing these log files using data mining reveal many interesting patterns. These results are used in many different applications and recently in detecting attacks on web. In order to improve quality of data and consequently the mining results data in log files need first to be preprocessed. In this paper, we will discuss how different web log files with different formats will be combined together in one unified format using XML in order to track and extract more attacks. And because log files usually contain noisy and ambiguous data this paper will show how data will be preprocessed before applying mining process in order to detect attacks. We will also discuss the difference between log preprocessing for web intrusion and for web usage mining


In tumor microenvironment, tumors interact with stromal cells such as immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts etc. Specifically, communication with fibroblasts is related to tumor survival, proliferation and metastasis. We developed a high throughput screening platform based on a single tumor cell-to-fibroblasts interaction and monitored kinetics of GFP-LC3 positive fibroblasts by single tumor. Our research can have a potential to monitor single tumor which can activate autophagy in fibroblasts and help to study the heterogeneity of tumor and mechanism between tumor and fibroblast in autophagy.


New equations for the gain and noise performance of v.h.f. parametric upconvertors are presented and applied to the design and performance prediction of a practical upper-sideband circuit intended for application as an i.f. amplifier for microwave mixers. The measured noise figure of 0.67 (±0.1) dB at 9.5 dB gain is shown to correlate with the calculated figure, and to be close to the limiting value of around 0.5 dB at this frequency.


Electronic Music Midwest (EMM) celebrated its 19th annual festival in September of 2019, with three days of engaging electroacoustic music and inspiring collaborations. Hosted at the Kansas City Kansas Community College (KCKCC) by KCKCC professor Ian Corbett, who served as both Technical Director and Festival Co-Director, and Kay He, who served as the Creative Director. EMM's nine concerts showcased regional and local electroacoustic composers and performers, including special guest artist saxophonist Drew Whiting and the Kansas City-based Mid America Freedom Band. Although the works presented involved familiar, fixed media and live electronic performance formats, the music frequently incorporated collaborations with instrumentalists, video artists, and