The present study examined (1) the effect of psychological variables such as self-esteem, collective self-esteem, and big five personality factors(i.e., neuroticism or emotional unstableness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and openness) on the stress among pastors in Korea, (2) the relationship between the stress of pastors and their well - being(both subjective well - being and psychological well-being), (3) the hypothetical model on the relationship among the 3 psychological variables, stress and subjective well-being and (4) difference in level of stress, its predictors and well-being between pastors in terms of demographic variables(i.e., age, gender, marital status, number of church members, and etc.) The Stress Scale for Pastors was constructed to consist of 5 situational stress factors(i.e., self- related, others - related, pastoral duties -related, family - related, and financial status-related) and 1 affective stress factor. A total of 197 Korean pastors participated in the study, and they responded to the survey containing 269 items from 6 scales(i.e., the stress scale, the 3 scales of psychological variables, and the 2 well- being scales). The results demonstrated that self-esteem and collective self-esteem were significantly related to all of the stress factors. Of personality factors, the neuroticism(emotional unstableness) was the most important. And the all factors of stress were significantly related to the subjective well -being, with the highest correlation with life satisfaction. Most of the psychological well-being factors were also significantly related to the stress, and the self-acceptance and environmental mastery were the most important. The more self-accepting as an individual and the more competent in controlling his/her environment a pastor is, the less stress he/she experiences. The hypothetical model on the relationship among the three set of variables, i.e., the 3 psychological predictors of stress, stress, and the life satisfaction was proposed, and the path analysis was performed. All measures of the goodness-of-fit and badness - of - fit indicated that the hypothetical model was supported by the path analysis. As far as the demographic variables are concerned, the results showed that male pastors experienced more situational stress than female pastors. And the stress was higher in younger pastors than older ones, especially on self - related, others - related, and affective stress. This is related to the findings that the younger pastors were lower in both self-esteem and collective self-esteem than older pastors. As expected, the married pastors experienced more financial stress than the single pastors, and the pastors working in a small church whose number of members is under 100 felt much more stress than the ones with larger group of church members. The implications as well as limitations of the present study and the future directions of the research in this area were discussed


Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2.) diblock copolymers were prepared by anionic polymerization. They were characterized by SEC, 1 H NMR spectroscopy and DSC. Their micellization behavior was examined in aqueous medium. The micelle size, as determined by dynamic light scattering, could be correlated to the degree of polymerization of each sequence in agreement with existing theories.


The crystal structure of a trioctahedral mica of unusual composition from melilite-bearing eruptive rocks has been determined (R : 3.020). This mica, which has excess silica (si > 3j and alkalis O Na + K > l), is the first known layer silicate with octahedral sodium. in spite of the complexity of the octahedral layer, which includes Mg, Fe, Li, ca, Mn, Na, Ti, and vacancies, there is no evidence for cation ordering between the two distinct octahedral sites. Both sites have the same mean M-O distance (2.077A) and the same electron density. The structural formula of the mica, based on chemical analysis and the structure refinement, is: (h n.nBao orrNao o,.)*tt(Mg, nrrFeo o3,Mn6 6*Cao -rTio orrLro zzsNao r r0Eo 078)vI (Si3 3 r2AL o42Fe3:46)rvO roF2. Introduction Velde (1979) described a suite of trioctahedral micas of various compositions from melilite-bearing eruptive rocks. Of special interest is a group of silicarich micas, charactenzed by high alkalis and ferric iron and low aluminum, in addition to signifisanl amounts of Li, Ba, and Ti. These miias are unusual because X(K + Na + Ba) >> 1.0, Si >> 3.0, and l(Si + Al) 2o). Trial refinements in space group A, in which adjacent tetrahedra are symmetrically independent, and A/m, in which all tetrahedra are equivalent, yielded similll results. The A/m refinement yielded the residual of w3-004x / 8 | /0506-0586$0.200 586 HAZEN ET AL.: STRUCTURE OF SILICAAND ALKALI.RICH TRIOCTAHEDRAL MICA 587 Table l. Composition and calculated structural formula of silicarich trioctahedral mica


During FY 2012 and 2013, a process was developed to convert the SHINE Target Solution (STS) of irradiated uranyl sulfate (140 g U/L) to uranyl nitrate. This process is necessary so that the uranium solution can be processed by the UREX (Uranium Extraction) separation process, which will remove impurities from the uranium so that it can be recycled. The uranyl sulfate solution must contain <0.02 M SO42- so that the uranium will be extractable into the UREXsolvent. In addition, it is desired that the barium content be below 0.0007 M, as this is the limit in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).


We demonstrate a novel technique for photonic generation of few-cycle millimeter-wave (MMW) pulse using a WR-10 waveguide and near-ballistic unitraveling carrier photodiode (NBUTC-PD)-based photonic-transmitter-mixer (PTM). A 2.5-cycle MMW pulse is generated by simultaneously exciting the PTM optical port with ~100-GHz optical MMW sinusoidal signal and the intermediate-frequency (IF) port with a 25-ps electrical short pulse, respectively. Compared to results using femtosecond optical short pulses to directly excite the PTM (without E-O signal mixing), our approach is capable of providing much less signal distortion, eliminating the ringing oscillation in the tail of response, a much shorter pulse duration, and a higher peak power.


CT-Planner is a web-based tour planning service, which promotes the collaborative design of tour plans by a user and the system. Its remarkable feature is its interactive and cyclic process of tour planning, in which the user provides his/her requests in a stepwise manner and the system keeps revising the plan until he/she gets satisfied. Such interface design fits service domains where users are not well-aware of their interests/requests at the beginning, such as tour planning. This paper reports its latest version, CTPlanner5, which supports 25 destinations in Japan at this moment. CT-Planner5 makes it possible to generate tour plans which use public transportation when it is efficient. We explain the mechanism of plan generation, as well as the process of authoring destination data. We also introduce our future plan to use the user log of CT-Planner5 for destination marketing in collaboration with travel agencies, DMOs, and communities, as the collected user log allows us to know the demand and emerging trend of tourists for each destination without cost.


Dermal abrasion for the treatment of postacne scarring and of rhinophyma is now being widely practiced by dermatologists. Most dermatologists use the revolving wirebrush technique with refrigeration analgesia as an office procedure. To a large extent this has superseded the sandpaper method, which was often carried out as a hospital procedure with general anesthesia. The purpose of this article is to present a simplified abrasive technique using rasps. The principles of abrasion therapy and its historical background have been well covered in recent articles. * Materials Instruments are simple and inexpensive rasps. The principal ones are forged steel sculpture tools having a central handle with variously shaped toothed working surfaces at the ends. They are available at most sculpture supply houses. More recently a stainless steel semicylindrical rasp with a plastic handle was added for the preliminary phase of the abrasion. This is marketed as a "corn


H.pylori infection plays the etiological or important roles in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric MALT lymphoma, and may also be involved in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Eradication of H. pylori results in: (1) improving the healing of peptic ulcer and preventing its relapse; (2) eliminating the activity of chronic gastritis, preventing the occurrence and development of gastric precancerous changes, and reduce the dyspeptic symptoms in part of patients. Eradication of H. pylori is the first choice of treatment for early gastric MALT lymphoma, and is cost-effective for treatment of functional dyspepsia.


Aiming at the discrimination problem of the multi-point pitting corrosion fault for the vibrating machine rolling bearing, the vibration model of the multi-point pitting corrosion fault was built for the vibrating machine rolling bearing with inner ring and outer ring based on Hertz contact theory and the discrimination criterion of the multi-point pitting corrosion fault was proposed. At the same time, the theoretical model was simulated and the experiment was finished in the vibrating sieve. The experiment results are consistent with the theoretical analysis results. The results show that there is the obvious difference from the fault characteristic spectrum of the rolling bearing multi-point pitting corrosion for the vibrating machine and the rotating machinery. There is an obvious amplitude modulation phenomenon for the outer ring pitting corrosion fault of the vibrating machine rolling bearing, but there is not the amplitude modulation phenomenon for the outer ring pitting corrosion fault of the ideal rotating machinery rolling bearing. There is a slight amplitude modulation phenomenon for the inner ring pitting corrosion fault of the vibrating machine rolling bearing and but there is the obvious amplitude modulation phenomenon for the inner ring pitting corrosion fault of the ideal rotating machinery rolling bearing.


E. Leorri was supported by a postdoctoral grant from the Basque Government and by the Conseil GA ©nA ©ral of the VendA ©e (F). This work has been partially funded by the UNESCO06/08 and IT-332-07/GIU06-10 research contracts and it represents a contribution to IGCP project #495.


Due to the prevalent use of yeast as a model system, the choice of genomic, biochemical, and cell biology tools compatible with these cells is well-developed and wide-ranging. The ability to choose from a variety of assays that can combine optimal workflow productivity with relevant data outcomes can be limited by the need for multiple devices to perform different task and detection methods. This application note demonstrates a flexible and versatile instrument that supports a broad range of yeast studies, combining multiple imaging and detection modes with onboard environmental control and shaking. In this study, multiple assay formats were used to conduct a detailed characterization of oxidative and nutrient stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .


Objective:TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily,member 1) has been recently proved to express in nucleus accumbens,a region which plays an essential role in mediating opioid craving and taking behaviors. Based on the general role of TRPV1 antagonist in blocking neural over-excitability by both pre-and post-synaptic mechanisms,TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine was tested for its ability to prohibit persistent opioid craving in rats. Methods:We assessed the dose-dependent effects of capsazepine in bilateral nucleus accumbens on persistent morphine craving in rat conditioned place preference model. We also evaluated the side-effect of capsazepine on activity by comparing cross-beam times between groups. Results:Capsazepine attenuated morphine craving in a dose-dependent manner after both short-and long-term spontaneous withdrawal,reflected by the reduction of the increased time in morphine-paired side. Capsazepine was effective at the dose of 1nM which didn't influence the activity of the subjects. Higher dose of capsazepine (10 nM) was also effective in reducing morphine craving,but could induce temporary and reversible dysfunction of activity. Conclusion:These results indicate that injection of TRPV1 antagonist in nucleus accumbens in an appropriate dose is capable of attenuating persistent morphine craving without affecting normal activity. Thus,TRPV1 antagonist is one of the promising therapeutic drugs for the treatment of opioid addiction.


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major health problem with increasing morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D deficiency has been established as exceedingly prevalent in many of chronic lung disease populations and exercise training in COPD patients results in positive effects in dyspnea and exercise tolerance. Aim of Work: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation and/or physical training on pulmonary functions, lung inflammation, antimicrobial production and matrix degradation in a rat model of COPD.


Policy decisions fall into three categories: the best, the satisfactory and the beneficial. As a matter of fact, in most cases we could only manage to find the satisfactory and the beneficial instead of the best in practice since it is impossible to take into consideration all the influential factors concerning the subject matter. A discussion on the theoretical significance of the satisfactory and beneficial decisions and their relations will be conducive to the improvement of our management and policy decision abilities.


ABSTRACT Carrot was impregnated with pigment solution by vacuum heat sealing (VS) and/or high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP; 100–600 MPa, 25°C, 5 min). Impregnation efficacy was evaluated as impregnation ratio (%) by image analysis, while damages of cell membrane and texture were quantified by electrical impedance spectroscopy and texture analysis, respectively. Combinations of VS and HHP exclusively achieved 100% impregnation. Meanwhile, the damages were comparable between the samples after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatment and aggravated by elevated levels of HHP. As for the texture, breaking stress (hardness) decreased after VS and VS + HHP (100–600 MPa) comparably. Meanwhile, breaking strain (deformability) significantly increased after VS + HHP (200–600 MPa), indicating further damage of strain texture as compared with that after VS and VS + 100 MPa treatments. It was indicated that impregnation of carrot was fully achieved by a combination of VS and 100 MPa treatment, while minimizing the cell membrane and texture damages. Difference in the impregnation efficacy between carrot and apple was discussed based on their image data.


The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the suitability of the Central Luconia Province as a potential geological storage site for CO2 in Malaysia and to estimate the theoretical storage capacity of the basin by using Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) and US Department of Energy (US-DOE) methods. The Central Luconia that has a limited faulting and located within seismic-free zone and possessing suitable geothermal condition which is an attractive characteristic for potential site for CO2 storage are found to be suitable for geological CO2 storage in Malaysia. The Central Luconia Province is estimated to be able to store CO2 from 56 Gt up to 75 Gt. The Central Luconia Province is believed to be a potential site for geological CO2 storage and will give much help in reducing CO2 emissions in atmosphere of Malaysia.


Geoscience employers require graduates with a high level of ability in technical and transferable skills, whether their degree courses are vocationally specific or of a more general nature. Our impression is that this need is understood by most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), although the extent to which this understanding has permeated all HEI practice is unclear. Current need is for all relevant departments in HEIs to perform to the levels of practice attained by the best providers. Just as successful HEIs incorporated transferable skills into their curricula in the 1990's, we suggest that business skills, professional skills and professional ethics should be introduced today. Of these, only professional ethics may need to be formally taught; the others can be presented as perspectives, dimensions or frameworks for technical and transferable skills.


Drawing on dual-systems theory, we propose a new typology for analyzing shared cognition in workgroups and teams that differentiates reflective (i.e., C-system) mental models formed through reasoning and deliberation from reflexive (i.e., X-system) representations that are more automatic, intuitive, and affective in nature. Our analysis demonstrates how team members' X-system representations pertaining to the team's task and its members can compete with shared C-system mental models of the task and team in terms of their respective effects on team functioning. We highlight the consequences for intrateam coordination when team members have similar C-system mental models but dissimilar X-system representations (illusory concordance) and when team members have similar X-system representations but dissimilar C-system mental models (surface discordance). Finally, we consider the implications of our arguments for extending current team cognition theory predicated on reflective cognition and suggest new directio...


Recent bauxite mining activities in Kuantan have raised public concerns including environmental and health issues, such as poor soil quality, soil erosion and dust pollution; which eventually leads to health problems such as asthma, allergy and cough. Barren bauxite mines were left without vegetations, making soil erosion problems becoming worse. The potential of Jatropha curcas, a non-edible biodiesel producing plant in rehabilitating and remediating barren bauxite mining sites need to be investigated and further studied. The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of planting J. curcas on bauxite-mined soil. Growth performance of J. curcas before and after planting on bauxite-mined soil was observed by periodic observations of the numbers of leaves, shoots length and root length; while heavy metal content of bauxite-mined soils was analysed each month using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Based on the results obtained, J. curcas could thrive and grow on both topsoil and bauxite-mined soil. Soil pH levels also improved while heavy metal concentrations decreased after planting. Therefore, J. curcas is identified suitable for both revegetation and phytoremediation; thus, potentially can solve the environmental problems that arise on the bauxite-mined site.


Small cells play an important role in the wireless networks for enhancing the radio coverage and capacity. However, to centrally monitor the quality of services (QoS) of several small cell access points (APs) from different equipment providers is very difficult. Therefore, a QoS monitoring mechanism based on TR-069 protocol is proposed to perform the performance management (PM) and configuration management (CM) of small cells in accordance with the data models in the reports of TR-196i2, TR-262 and TR-181. The key performance indicators (KPIs) of long term evolution (LTE) defined by 3GPP are used to evaluate the performance of each small cell and examine periodically statistical reports. According to the small cell's KPI, QoS monitoring mechanism sets up the dynamic threshold based on the weighted moving average. Furthermore, a transmission optimization mechanism based on the Elasticsearch distributed platform is proposed and implemented to analyze the 2,000 measurement collection (MC) files within 30 seconds for generating KPI reports of small cells. The telecom operator can refer to these reports for monitoring the real-time status of each small cell and improving the QoS of wireless networks.


T HIS study evaluates the effects of water stress on zootechnical, physiological and certain blood variables (biochemical and hematology parameters) parameters of Ouled Djellal ewes. The experiment was carried out on 40 ewes divided into 4 groups of 10 animals in each: control lot A, lots B and C were drinking water containing 1 and 1.6% Nacl, respectively, and lot D drinking only one day out of 3. All ewes were fed alfalfa hay and concentrate. Lower forage consumption with higher water consumption in the water-stressed females compared to the control group was observed, as well as weight loss in lots B and D and weight maintenance in lot C. The results showed that water salinity causes a decrease in heart and respiratory rates, while water restriction causes a decrease in respiratory rate due to decreased ingestion. While water stress does not appear to affect hematological parameters in ewes, it was appear to increase serum protein and blood glucose levels. Water restriction increases creatinine and urea in the blood, while water salinity decreases creatinine and urea. These findings highlight the important role of water quality as a limiting factor for animal husbandry in saline and/or low water resource environments.


Preface. Acknowledgments. PART 1 THE ESSENTIALS: PURPOSE, PROCESS, AND THINKING CREATIVELY. Chapter 1 What is Advertising? The Purpose of Advertising. Case Study: Youth Reckless Driving Prevention. Showcase: Gotta Love It by Tom Clark. Who Creates Advertising? Ethics. Chapter 2 The Project Process. Six Phases. Case Study: Behind the Scenes: MOMA | Tim Burton Exhibition/Big Spaceship. Showcase: Bill Schwab: The Gate Worldwide. Chapter 3 Creative thinking. Tools that Stimulate Creative Thinking. Showcase: Interview with Rosie Arnold. PART 2 FORMULATING AN ADVERTISING IDEA: WRITING AND DESIGNING. Chapter 4 The Brand Idea. The Big Idea. The Brand Idea. Case Study: Renegade. Showcase: Interview with Kevin Roberts. Chapter 5 The Big Idea. Idea Kickoff: The Six Essential Questions. Thinking Creatively: More Points of Departure for Conceptualization. Let's End This Discussion of Idea Generation with a Question. Chapter 6 Copywriting. Which Comes First: The Line or the Visual? Conventions. Writing Creatively. Style. The Writing Process. Feed Your Writing. Chapter 7 Approaches. Deconstructing Model Frameworks. How to Convey the Advertising Message. Approaches. Chapter 8 Typography and Visualization. Designing with Type. Visualization. Images. Basics of Visualizing Form. Integrating Type and Image. Showcase: Robynne Raye. Chapter 9 Composition. What is Composition? The Basic Compositional Structures. Basic Design Principles. Case Study: Schematic Touchwall. Directing the Viewer Though a Composition. Multiple Pages and Modularity. The Grid. Visual Basics for Screen-Based Media Motion. PART 3 DESIGNING ACROSS MEDIA. Chapter 10 Campaigns and Storytelling. What is a Campaign, and What Makes It Effective? Case Study: Mini Covert. Storytelling. Showcase: The Power of Story. Grabbing Attention. Chapter 11 Designing for Print. Print Basics. Considerations for Print. Chapter 12 Designing for Motion, Broadcast, and Broadband. And Now a Word from Our Sponsors . Basics for Screen-Based Media. Basic Considerations for Motion. Basic Considerations for TV, Videos, and Web Films. Videos. Motion and Motion Graphics. Chapter 13 Designing for Web Sites. Web Sites. Web Site Basics. Web Site Development. Platforms/Owned Media. Case Study: Digital, Swaggerize Me . Chapter 14 Designing for Mobile Advertising. Mobile Advertising Basics. Case Study: Storyboard, Sony Ericsson Big Screen . Considerations for Mobile Advertising. Case Study: UrbanDaddy | The Next Move iPhone Application. Chapter 15 Designing for Social Media and Unconventional Marketing. Considerations for Social Media. Viral Intent. Unconventional Advertising. Considerations for Unconventional Advertising. Interview with Richard Binhammer. Case Study: Panasonic Share the Air Campaign. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.


A filtration material provided with a silica substrate having a group represented by general formula (a0-1) (where Ya 01 is a divalent linking group, Ra 01 is a hydrocarbon group which optionally has a substituent group, Ra 02 is a C1-6 hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent group or a hydroxyl group, and n 01 is an integer from 0 to 5.* represents an atomic bond with the silica substrate.)


Abstract NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, respiratory complex I, plays a central role in cellular energy metabolism. As a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) it affects ageing and mitochondrial dysfunction. The novel inhibitor NADH‐OH specifically blocks NADH oxidation and ROS production by complex I in nanomolar concentrations. Attempts to elucidate its structure by NMR spectroscopy have failed. Here, by using X‐ray crystallographic analysis, we report the structure of NADH‐OH bound in the active site of a soluble fragment of complex I at 2.0 Å resolution. We have identified key amino acid residues that are specific and essential for binding NADH‐OH. Furthermore, the structure sheds light on the specificity of NADH‐OH towards the unique Rossmann‐fold of complex I and indicates a regulatory role in mitochondrial ROS generation. In addition, NADH‐OH acts as a lead‐structure for the synthesis of a novel class of ROS suppressors.


OBJECTIVE
To detect tumor micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes of breast carcinoma so as to obtain more reliable information about nodes status and its clinical significance.

METHOD
The expression of CK19 mRNA was measured in 61 axillary lymph nodes (LNs) of 15 breast carcinomas by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULT
CK19 mRNA expression was detected in all 15 breast carcinomas, but not in 5 control LNs. Of 61 axillary LNs analysed by HE staining and CK19 RT-PCR, 7 LNs were found to have metastases by histological staining and CK19 RT-PCR. Of the remaining 54 axillary nodes, 12 were found to have metastases by using CK19 RT-PCR method.

CONCLUSION
The CK19 RT-PCR method is more sensitive than histological study for the detection of micrometastases in LNs (P < 0.01). This new method is of value in differentiating breast cancer patients at high risk for relapse from those with negative lymph node.


In 1926, Fernando Pessoa published in the Revista de Comércio e Contabilidade a sequence of texts whose scope seems to be related to the topics covered in the magazine, taking advantage of his knowledge and points of view about the best ways of managing companies. In this text, I defend the idea that, like almost all of Pessoa's texts, at least some of these contributions can be read according to his literary work. The focus of the text will be above all the essay "Organizar", published in April 1926, in which Pessoa presents a theory of the approximation between artificial organisms and natural organisms that, according to my argument, can be related to the path of sketches of a programmatic exposition of the structure of Pessoa's heteronymic drama.


The work reported in this paper was supported in part by a Title VI Foreign Language Area Studies Fellowship, and by a university relations summer fellowship from AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories.


We report deep radio observations of nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the electronic Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. No detections were made. With standard assumptions for the energy densities of relativistic electrons going into a power-law energy distribution and the magnetic field strength (ϵe = ϵB = 0.1), we arrive at upper limits on mass-loss rate for the progenitor system of SN 2013dy (SN 2016coj, SN 2018gv, SN 2018pv, SN 2019np) of , where vw is the wind speed of the mass loss. To SN 2016coj, SN 2018gv, SN 2018pv, and SN 2019np we add radio data for 17 other nearby SNe Ia and model their nondetections. With the same model as described, all 21 SNe Ia have . We compare those limits with the expected mass-loss rates in different single-degenerate progenitor scenarios. We also discuss how information on ϵe and ϵB can be obtained from late observations of SNe Ia and the youngest SN Ia remnant detected in radio, G1.9+0.3, as well as stripped-envelope core-collapse SNe. We highlight SN 2011dh and argue for ϵe ≈ 0.1 and ϵB ≈ 0.0033. Finally, we discuss strategies to observe at radio frequencies to maximize the chance of detection, given the time since explosion, the distance to the SN, and the telescope sensitivity.


Although these measures would seem evidence of the wisdom of the revolutionary masses, Feher and Heller still feel uncertain towards therm, still feel that they displayed a &dquo;generally unstable attitude&dquo; which found expression in the occasional cases of lynchings and mob terror that occurred at the height of the revolutionary days. On all such occasions, however, even. in the crowds themselves there were voices speaking out against the atrocities, and the leaders of the insurgent groups (one of whom, Gergely l~ongratz, has recently published his


Abstract The development of new food products enriched with biologically active components is a topical issue for modern food science and practice. Many of these substances are unstable when being incorporated into the food matrix, which demands a study on the possibilities to stabilize them before use. Encapsulation of biologically active substances is a method which provides stability of the substance in the food product. The principles for implementing encapsulation of biologically active substances, especially natural oils, the matrices and the encapsulation methods are discussed in the present review. Data on the impact of key process parameters of encapsulation, the biological value of oils and the opportunities for application of the encapsulated systems in different groups of dairy products are presented.


Even though current mesh networks are mostly WiFi-based, future networks are expected to be highly heterogeneous. Motivated by this expectation, CARMEN (CARrier grade MEsh Networks) project focuses on developing a heterogeneous mesh backhaul to provide carrier-grade (voice, video and data) services. This demo presents resource management and abstraction in CARMEN architecture, which allow meeting the challenges of heterogeneous radio access.


The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of corporate governance characteristics on a company's financial performance. To this end, board independence, board gender composition and board size were tested to determine whether they have any influence on a firm's financial performance. Given the high concentration of ownership in listed companies in Malaysia and the prevalence of family ownership, this research provides evidence from an emerging market. The Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance (MCCG) was developed based on the UK Hampel Report and the UK Corporate Governance Code, where firm ownership structure is dispersed and family ownership is prevalent. A sample of 70 randomly selected publicly listed companies in Malaysia over the period from 2016 to 2020 was used in this study. From a multiple regression analysis, the results showed that board independence, board gender composition and board size are positively and significantly associated with financial performance; therefore, appointing more independent directors, appointing female directors to the board and appointing more directors to the board leads to higher financial performance. Hence, the initiative by the Malaysian government to mandate listed firms to have a board that comprises at least 30% women does have a business case.


We report a 9 year old patient with global developmental delay and bronchiectasis since 6 years ago who presented with massive hemoptysis and was ventilated on high PEEP. Bleeding continues in bouts and he needed blood transfusion and inotropes. CT angiography showed extensive neovascularisation involving the right upper lobe with the feeder from the Right subclavian and bronchial artery. Embolisation was performed on the 6 hospitalisation day and extubated 3 days later. Embolisation as a therapeutic option will be discussed in this patient with bronchiectasis and hemoptysis secondary to severe neovascularisation.


AbstractIn this paper we define partially ordered quasi-uniform spaces (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
, ≤) (PO-quasi-uniform spaces) as those space with a biconvex quasi-uniformity
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
 on the poset (X, ≤) and give a construction of a (transitive) biconvex compatible quasi-uniformity on a partially ordered topological space when its topology satisfies certain natural conditions. We also show that under certain conditions on the topology
$$\tau _{\mathfrak{U}*} $$
 of a PO-quasi-uniform space (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
, ≤), the bicompletion
$$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$
 of (X,
$$\mathfrak{U}$$
) is also a PO-quasi-uniform space (
$$(\tilde X,\tilde {\mathfrak{U}})$$
, ⪯) with a partial order ⪯ on
$$\tilde X$$
 that extends ≤ in a natural way.


Myanmar people like many other people of the world value their historical heritage which are preserved in numerous ancient historical sites, and in libraries, archives and museums throughout the world. Amongst the relics of the past, the written word is valued as "the choicest of relics"1. From these written texts which are valuable relics of the past, we can reconstruct the life and times of our ancestors and come to know more about how they lived, worked, and spent their leisure, what their spiritual and religious beliefs and practices were like, and unearth the political and social history of the people of ancient times and their society. Thus through the written words we can conquer the constraints of time and space. We can know the thoughts of our forebears; we can also know about other people separated from us by geographical barriers.


This study was conducted with 40 teachers from Santa Terezinha de Itaipu, Parana, Brazil with more than 15 years of professional work. The musculoskeletal disorders in the joints resulting from their activities were collected through the use of a checklist adapted from Couto, (2007). The perception of pain, however, was performed through the use of a scale ranging from 0 to 10 points, according to the Borg, (2000) subjective perception of pain. It could be concluded that the activities performed by the teacher on the blackboard provide significant deterioration of the joints, especially on the shoulder joints.


ABSTRACT Caridina weberi, an emblematic species of the 'C. weberi complex', was described by De Man in 1892 from different localities in Indonesia. Until now, this species was thought to have a wide distribution in Polynesia. Numerous specimens identified as C. weberi were collected recently from various Polynesian islands. In the context of integrative taxonomy, they were morphologically and genetically studied. Three new species allied to C. weberi are here described: C. marquesensis n. sp., C. futunensis n. sp. and C. tupaia n. sp. The occurrence of C. rapaensis, another species part of the 'C. weberi' complex is confirmed. Descriptions or redescription of these species are given as well as their geographical and ecological distributions. The position of these species in the complex is clarified. A key is provided to facilitate identification. www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:17B62044-4D99-48EE-A665-3E5E7F1A864B


Provided is a microwave plasma discharg lamp apparatus which includes a rectangular waveguide having a rectangular shape one end of which is closed and the other end is open and receiving a microwave through an opening to put out linearly polarized microwaves; a discharge lamp; a cavity resonator, formed in a cylindrical shape, one end of which is open, which is disposed to surround the discharge lamp, and which is made of a conductive mesh, thereby allowing the passage of the light from the discharge lamp; and a phase shifter, which has a cross-shaped waveguide opened in a propagation direction of the linearly polarized microwaves, is disposed between the other end of the rectangular waveguide and one end of the cavity resonator, and receives the linearly polarized microwaves from the rectangular waveguide to generate elliptically polarized microwaves in the cylindrical cavity resonator. The elliptically polarized microwaves discharge the discharge lamp.


A patient with a solitary kidney had acute renal failure secondary to thrombosis of the renal artery. Physicians should be aware that occlusive renal artery disease is a potentially reversible cause of acute renal failure. Although early diagnosis and correction are desirable, it is difficult to establish rigid time limits for reversible renal damage. Since there is adequate clinical evidence that the kidney may regain significant function upon relief of prolonged ischemia, an aggressive approach should be taken in this situation.


Bandwidth demand is still growing and it is becoming more difficult for copper based interconnect technologies to meet system requirements. Considerable progress is being made in the development of optical interconnect technology. Recent publications have shown improved integration of turning mirrors and connectors for board level applications. This paper presents recent work on a siloxane-based waveguide material that is optimized for 850nm board level optical interconnect applications. The material under development is a negative acting photoimageable material that can be processed with conventional Printed Wire Board (PWB) or CMOS processing techniques and chemistries. Meter long waveguides have been fabricated on both silicon and FR4 substrates with optical loss performance of 0.027dB/cm and 0.067dB/cm respectively. Data illustrating the effect of bend radii and splitter performance is reported. Lastly, the ability of the siloxane material to withstand PWB fabrication and assembly processes such as lamination, metallization and reliability is demonstrated.


Recently, the usage of half-metallic Heusler alloys with high spin polarization in (001)-oriented fully epitaxial CPPGMR pseudo-spin-valve (PSV) type devices has been shown to improve the MR output substantially. [1] On the other hand, the devices prepared on polycrystalline substrates, with much importance for practical applications, show less values of ΔRA compared to those of epitaxial devices [2] . One possible reason is the difference in the crystal orientation, i.e., Heusler alloy layers prepared on polycrystalline substrates generally exhibit natural (110) texture while only (001) oriented layers have been studied for epitaxial films. For clarifying the problem, we prepared CPP-GMR PSVs consisting of epitaxial layers of the Heusler alloy Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5 (CFGG) with the (110) orientation. Two materials, Ag and Cu, were used for the spacer layer. The effects of the crystal orientation on the MR properties were examined by comparing with the devices comprising of (001) epitaxial layers. Epitaxial multilayered films for pseudo spin valves (PSVs) with the layer structure of Ta(20)/W(20)/Ag(100)/Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5(10)/Ag or Cu(5)/Co2FeGa0.5Ge0.5(10)/Ag(5)/Ru(8) were fabricated on singlecrystalline sapphire a-plane substrates using an ultrahigh vacuum magnetron sputtering machine. [3] The films were annealed at temperatures ranging from 200 to 600 °C after the deposition. The microstructure was characterized by XRD, HADDF-STEM and EDS mapping. Figure 1 shows the 2θ-ωscan profiles of XRD for the film stack of Ta(20)/W(20)/Ag(100)/CFGG(10)/Ag or Cu(5)/CFGG(10)/Ag(5)/Ru(8) annealed at indicated temperatures. The appearance of CFGG (220) peaks at ~44.6° has confirmed a good (110)-oriented epitaxial growth for both films. Figure 2 summarizes ΔRA against the annealing temperature Ta. At the Ta of 350 and 450 °C, the (110) orientation copper and silver spacer devices perform the highest ΔRA of 4.1 mΩ·μm 2 and 3.7 mΩ·μm 2 respectively. The performance of the (100) epitaxial devices is much better than the (110) epitaxial devices when using silver spacer while the (110) epitaxial devices are relatively better than the (100) epitaxial devices in the case of copper spacer [4] . The results can be possibly explained by the lattice mismatch and the band matching between the Heusler alloy and the spacer. Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 22246091 and (A) 25249087.


Cell-free DNA (cfDNA)–based liquid biopsy is a promising approach for the early detection of cancer. A major hurdle is the limited yield of cfDNA from one blood draw, limiting the use of most samples to one test of either mutation or methylation. Here, we develop a technology, Mutation Capsule Plus (MCP), which enables multiplex profiling of one cfDNA sample, including simultaneous detection of genetic and epigenetic alterations and genome-wide discovery of methylation markers. With this technology, we performed de novo screening of methylation markers on cfDNA samples from 30 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases and 30 non-HCC controls. The methylation markers enriched in HCC cfDNA were further profiled in parallel with a panel of mutations on a training cohort of 60 HCC and 60 non-HCC cases, resulting in an HCC detection model. We validated the model in an independent retrospective cohort with 58 HCC and 198 non-HCC cases and got 90% sensitivity with 94% specificity. Furthermore, we applied the model to a prospective cohort of 311 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers with normal liver ultrasonography and serum AFP concentration. The model detected four of the five HCC cases in the cohort, showing 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity. These findings demonstrate that the MCP technology has potential for the discovery and validation of multiomics biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of cancer. This study also provides a comprehensive database of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the cfDNA of a large cohort of HCC cases and high-risk non-HCC individuals. Description MCP technology enables parallel profiling of genetic and epigenetic alterations and has the potential in noninvasive detection of HCC. Parallel profiling for HCC detection Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a useful noninvasive approach for cancer diagnostics; however, low yielding samples and smaller alteration frequencies make multiple biomarker testing difficult on single samples. Here, Wang et al. have developed the Mutation Capsule Plus (MCP) technology that allows for parallel profiling of mutations and methylation changes on a single cfDNA sample from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. They validated their model on retrospective and prospective cohorts with high sensitivity and specificity. This represents a promising technology that could improve discovery and validation of biomarkers using cfDNA for many types of cancer.—DH


1 Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States, 2 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia, 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia, 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, 5 Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 6 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden


2 Abstract: An environmental friendly palm-grease has already been formulated from modified RBDPO (Refined Bleach Deodorized Palm Oil) as base oil and lithium soap as thickener. Such palm-grease is dedicated for general application and or equipment working in areas where biodegradability is required such as in agriculture, forestry and coastal marine, recreation areas. The grease was manufactured via 4 steps of processes: saponification in pressurized reactor, soap dilution by heating, re-crystallization by cooling and homogenization. The result of lubrication performance tests using 4-ball wear-test showed that the amount of wear on ball specimen was smaller in test with the palm- grease than the test with mineral (HVI 160S) grease. This ability of the palm-grease to provide better surface protection or antiwear property was considered as the existence of relatively polar groups in base oil such as ester -COOC-, hydroxides -OH and oxirane ring (epoxy) -COC-.


An analysis of T‐lymphocyte subpopulations was performed on thirty‐eight consecutive patients with atopic eczema, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorimetry. The total T‐lymphocyte and helper T‐cell numbers did not differ significantly from those of a matched control group, but there was a highly significant reduction in suppressor T‐cell numbers among the atopic group. Both suppressor T‐cell deficiency and circulating IgE elevation were found to correlate positively with disease activity.


Abstract It is shown that there is a size below which a coherent spherical precipitate cannot maintain a dislocation loop at its interface. There is also a size above which the incoherent (i.e. dislocated) state is stable with respect to the coherent state. Experiments in the electron microscope show that there is indeed a size above which a transition to incoherency can occur but that the observed critical size is bigger than that predicted theoretically. Reasons for this discrepancy are considered.


Let G be a finitely generated group, A a finite set of generators and K a subgroup of G. We call the pair (G, K) context-free if the set of all words over A that reduce in G to an element of K is a context-free language. When K is trivial, G itself is called context-free; context-free groups have been classified more than 20 years ago in celebrated work of Muller and Schupp as the virtually free groups. Here, we derive some basic properties of such group pairs. Context-freeness is independent of the choice of the generating set. It is preserved under finite index modifications of G and K, respectively. If G is virtually free and K is finitely generated then (G, K) is context-free. A basic tool is the following: (G, K) is context-free if and only if the Schreier graph of (G, K) with respect to A is a context-free graph.


This paper attempts to provide a critical appraisal of the debate on the effectiveness of microfinance as a universal poverty reduction tool. It argues that while microfinance has developed some innovative management and business strategies, its impact on poverty reduction remains in doubt. Microfinance, however, certainly plays an important role in providing safety-net and consumption smoothening. The borrowers of microfinance possibly also benefit from learning-by-doing and from self-esteem. However, for any significant dent on poverty, the focus of public policy should be on growth-oriented and equity-enhancing programs, such as broad-based productive employment creation.


Modified Condition and Decision Coverage (MC/DC) is a software testing criterion to check code coverage. It can be divided into a unique-cause MC/DC and masking MC/DC, according to the level of acceptance in concepts. Although masking MC/DC is used in many applications, in our study we found undetectable cases utilizing Masking MC/DC test suites that could be detected using stricter unique-cause MC/DC. To ensure the strictness of MC/DC criterion, herein we propose an automated tool that revises the masking MC/DC test suite into a unique-cause MC/DC.


CRIPPLED CHILDREN MANUAL, an elementary guide for those interested in causes and treatment, published by the Ontario Society for Crippled Children, 112 College St., Toronto 2. May, 1948. Price 50 cents. 30 pp. Mr. Hopper, in his foreword, states that the Crippled Children Manual is a revision of a pamphlet first issued by the Ontario Society for Crippled Children in 1933 under the title "A Layman's Guide for Those Interested in Crippled Children." He acknowledges the assistance of the staff of the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, and in particular that of Dr. R. M. Wansborough, in organizing and preparing the text. Some of the material has been collected from other sources, the chapter on Cerebral Palsy being largely from articles by Dr. Winthrop M. Phelps. This pamphlet is very well arranged with the material presented in concise form. It covers congenital defects and orthopaedic conditions, describing briefly each condition and how it may be recognized, its etiology, prognosis and treatment. The titles are in heavy black type and the paragraphs are well spaced, making it easy to find quickly the information required. Although the occupational side of the therapeutic picture is not stressed, the therapist who works with children will find this booklet useful as a handbook, and as a means of refreshing her memory or bringing up to date her knowledge of the orthopaedic conditions treated in children. A glossary of terms commonly used in orthopaedics is included in this excellent handbook.


. Micro(cid:13)uidic technology and Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMSs) have received much attention in science and engineering (cid:12)elds over the last few years. MEMSs are found in many areas like heat exchangers, chemical separation devices, bio-chemical analysis, and micro pumps. Keeping these facts in mind, the prime purpose of the current paper is to present the (cid:13)ow of Carreau nano(cid:13)uids through a microchannel with electro-osmosis, Joule heating, and chemical reactions. The e(cid:11)ect of the external magnetic (cid:12)eld is considered into account. For the problem formulation, the Cartesian coordinate system is considered. The perturbed solutions are presented by making use of regular perturbation method. The graphical results are prepared based on di(cid:11)erent values of (cid:13)uid (cid:13)ow phenomena like velocity, temperature, solutal nano-particle concentration, Sherwood number, and Nusselt number with di(cid:11)erent (cid:13)uid variables. According to our analysis, velocity decrement is identi(cid:12)ed with respect to enhancing the magnetic parameter (Hartmann number). The Schmidt number, Radiation term, Prandtl number, and chemical reaction term increased the solutal nano-particle concentration. The outcomes of the Newtonian liquid model can be obtained from our scrutiny. The present scrutiny has many applications in engineering sciences such as electromagnetic micro pumps and nano-mechanics.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects an estimated 6–10% of women of reproductive age. Clinical presentation of PCOS includes hyperandrogenism, plus either ovulatory dysfunction and/or polycystic ovaries (Legro et al. 2013). Women with PCOS have increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, attributed in part to metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. Obesity, a common feature of PCOS, is thought to play a central role in the reproductive and metabolic phenotype of PCOS. Obese women with PCOS have more frequent menstrual cycle irregularities than lean women with PCOS, and obesity itself may drive hyperandrogenism and increase the risk for the aforementioned metabolic abnormalities (Legro et al. 2013). Thus, obesity may be more detrimental to CVD risk than PCOS status per se (Legro et al. 2013). However, even lean women with PCOS have evidence of preclinical CVD. Coronary artery calcification and carotid intimal–medial thickening are greater in PCOS compared to controls, independent of age and body mass index (BMI), suggesting that other factors independent of obesity are driving the pathophysiology of PCOS and increased CVD risk (Legro et al. 2013). Endothelial dysfunction, as commonly indicated by impaired endothelialdependent vasodilatation in response to mechanical (e.g. flow) or chemical (e.g. acetylcholine) stimuli, initiates the development and progression of CVD. Endothelial dysfunction is characterized by reduced endothelial-dependent vasodilatation due to a shift in the balance of vasoactive substances, including reduced vasodilators (i.e. nitric oxide (NO)) and increased vasoconstrictors (e.g. endothelin-1 (ET-1)) (Moreau, 2019). Compared to controls, women with PCOS have impaired endothelial function at both the macroand microvascular level; at the macrovascular level the impairment was independent of BMI and age (Sprung et al. 2013). Elevated testosterone is an independent predictor of endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS (Sprung et al. 2013). However, the mechanisms for this remain incompletely understood. In general, testosterone has been shown to have favourable effects on endothelial function in some populations (e.g. men, postmenopausal women) (Moreau, 2019). In men, acute and chronic testosterone administration causes coronary and peripheral large artery vasodilatation via endothelium-dependent and -independent (i.e. direct effects on vascular smooth muscle cells) mechanisms (Moreau, 2019). The endothelium-dependent effects are related, in part, to androgen receptor-mediated activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO release. However, in women, the effects of testosterone on endothelial function are conflicting, with both favourable and unfavourable effects demonstrated. For example, menopause-related declines in testosterone are associated with impaired macrovascular endothelial function that is improved with parenteral testosterone in postmenopausal women chronically using oestradiol therapy (Moreau, 2019). In contrast, testosterone suppression via gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist increased cutaneous microvascular endothelial function in women with PCOS (Wenner et al. 2013), demonstrating the detrimental effects of hyperandrogenism on endothelial function. The microvascular endothelial dysfunction associated with high testosterone in women with PCOS was attributed to increased endothelin A (ET-A) receptor-mediated vasoconstriction and reduced endothelin B (ET-B) receptor-mediated vasodilatation (Wenner et al. 2013). These findings established an important role for impaired ET-1-mediated signalling, secondary to hyperandrogenism, in microvascular endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS. However, because the women in the study were both obese and insulin resistant, the findings could not be completely isolated from the influences of IR. In a recent publication in The Journal of Physiology, Usselman et al. (2019) investigated whether the ET-B receptor-mediated microvascular endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS was related to hyperandrogenism, independent of the effects of obesity and IR. In obese and lean women with and without PCOS, cutaneous microvascular endothelial function was assessed by laser Dopper flowmetry coupled with microdialysis infusions of low-dose ET-1 with or without inhibition of ET-B receptors (BQ-788) and NO (L-NAME). This experimental design facilitates the pharmacodissection of mechanisms for microvascular endothelial dysfunction related to ET-1 and/or NO in the setting of hyperandrogenism alone, obesity and IR alone, and hyperandrogenism with obesity and IR. Vasodilatory responses to low-dose ET-1 were reduced in lean insulin-sensitive women with PCOS and obese IR women with and without PCOS to a similar extent, indicating that obesity does not exacerbate the PCOS effects. Furthermore, inhibiting ET-B receptors decreased ET-1-mediated vasodilatation in all women except obese controls, whereas NO inhibition reduced ET-1-mediated vasodilatation only in controls but not in either PCOS group indicating reduced NO bioavailability in PCOS. These findings were corroborated via in vitro experiments in which ET-1-stimulated NO production was reduced in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) pretreated with the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Moreover, pretreatment of BAECs with the androgen-receptor antagonist 2H-flutamide prior to administration of DHT prevented DHT-mediated inhibition of ET-1-stimulated NO production. Finally, in both lean and obese women with PCOS, ethinyl oestradiol treatment augmented ET-1-mediated vasodilatation by correcting


Summary At a given initial fiber length the mechanical energy of contraction of the heart is increased under the influence of calcium. This is due not only to an increase in the fraction of the total energy liberated which is converted into useful work but also to an increased total energy liberation. The increase in efficiency occurring with administration of small doses of calcium salts indicates that the effect is a beneficial one, and might be of importance in contributing to the therapeutic effect of calcium in cardiac disease.


(1)Platybasia associated with an unusual case of pulmonary tuberculosis is reported and the possibility of a congenital mediastinal defect is also discussed. (2)The basilary invagination in this case apparently influenced the respiratory center by a depressing effect on the response of the respiratory rate to stimulation. (3)It is advisable that careful search for platybasia be made in every case with degenerative changes of the spinal cord. (4)The necropsy in this case confirmed our clinical diagnoses of platybasia and pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum.


This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor gemigliptin (LC15‐0444) 50 mg versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.


Dicationic and tricationic ionic liquids, synthesised by proton transfer from sulfuric acid and corresponding di- and triamines, were characterised and used as Brønsted acidic catalysts in biodiesel production.


Using 20 morphometric characteristics and 6 indices, the variability and sexual dimorphism of the camel-spider Galeodes araneoides (Pallas, 1772) from 10 regions of Azerbaijan were studied. The species and sex of the individuals were determined taking into account the key diagnostic features and comparison with the identified materials from the collection fund of the Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. The variability of the general dimensions of the body and its individual parts (a total of 14 signs) was revealed. It was found that sexual dimorphism, manifested by 9 traits and 3 indices, is expressed to varying degrees in individuals from different regions: less pronounced – in mid-mountainous and low-mountainous regions; more pronounced – in foothill, plain and low-lying regions. The analysis of interpopulation variability of morphometric characters did not reveal clear geographical patterns: among representatives of both sexes, significant differences in the complex of characters were observed between individuals of samples located in relative proximity to each other, while individuals from distant samples were morphologically more similar. The manifestation of the variability of morphometric characters and sexual dimorphism is presumably less connected with the geographical features of the regions, and more connected with the existing ecological conditions. The variability of morphometric characters among individuals of the studied populations indicates a high ecological plasticity and a significant adaptive potential of the species.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate anxiety and health-protective and health-promoting behaviors in low- and high-risk, low-income pregnant women.

DESIGN
Nonrandomized descriptive study.

SETTING
Low- and high-risk prenatal clinics at a tertiary-care center.

PARTICIPANTS
Sixty-five black and white low-income women between 20 and 41 weeks of pregnancy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Anxiety and health-promoting behavior.

RESULTS
No significant differences were found in anxiety levels. A significant difference was found between the two groups in overall Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) scores. Women in the low-risk group scored higher on all HPLP subscales, with significant differences on self-actualization and health responsibility.

CONCLUSION
Findings support the need for nurses to assess high-risk pregnant women for their health practices during pregnancy. Although a major focus on nursing care during pregnancy is teaching the promotion of health, only limited research exists on the effectiveness of such interventions.


The prevalence of antibodies to the viruses of foot-and-mouth disease, rinderpest, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and malignant catarrhal fever was determined in various species of domestic and domesticated wild ruminants on a ranch in the semi-arid zone of south-eastern Kenya. Antibody to foot-and-mouth disease virus was found in buffalo (Syncerus caffer), eland (Taurotragus oryx), cattle (Bos indicus), sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus). None was found in oryx (Oryx beisa) and camels (Camelus dromedarius). The titres in eland and buffalo were due to natural infection and in cattle to vaccination and infection. Antibody to rinderpest virus was found in buffalo, eland, oryx, cattle, camel, sheep and goats. Most of these were vaccinated previously. Antibody to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was found in cattle but not in buffalo, eland, oryx and camels. Antibody to malignant catarrhal fever was not found in any of the species tested. An attempt was made to isolate foot-and-mouth disease virus from oesophageal-pharyngeal samples of four buffalo before a FMD outbreak and from four buffalo, 12 eland and 50 cattle 6-10 months after the outbreak. Foot-and-mouth disease virus was isolated from cattle 10 months after the outbreak but not from buffalo or eland. Since foot-and-mouth disease is of major importance in cattle farming in Kenya, in the case of mixed farming with wild herbivores, both wild and domestic ruminants should be vaccinated. Likewise, it is recommended that all ruminants be vaccinated against rinderpest.


Firms acquire network capacity from multiple suppliers which offer different Quality of Service (QoS) levels. After acquisition, day-to-day operations such as video conferencing, voice over IP and data applications are allocated between these acquired capacities by considering QoS requirement of each operation. In optimal allocation scheme, it is generally assumed each operation has to be placed into resource that provides equal or higher QoS Level. Conversely, in this study it is showed that former allocation strategy may lead to suboptimal solutions depending upon penalty cost policy to charge degradation in QoS requirements. We model a cost minimization problem which includes three cost components namely capacity acquisition, opportunity and penalty due to loss in QoS.


The Chow-Mumford (CM) line bundle is a functorial line bundle on the base of any family of polarized varieties, in particular on the base of families of klt Fano varieties (also called sometimes Q-Fano varieties). It is conjectured that it yields a polarization on the conjectured moduli space of K-semi-stable klt Fano varieties. This boils down to showing semi-positivity/positivity statements about the CM-line bundle for families with K-semi-stable/K-polystable fibers. We prove the necessary semi-positivity statements in the K-semi-stable situation, and the necessary positivity statements in the uniform K-stable situation, including in both cases variants assuming $K$-stability only for very general fibers. Our statements work in the most general singular situation (klt singularities), and the proofs are algebraic, except the computation of the limit of a sequence of real numbers via the central limit theorem of probability theory. We also present an application to the classification of Fano varieties. Furthermore, in the semi-positivity case we may allow log-Fano pairs.


In appraising Donald E. Tope et al., The Social Sciences View School Administration (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965), Pro fessor Monahan finds that the authors have made a useful contribution to the field. In certain chapters, however, he feels that they write as though they had misplaced events of the last ten years that bear on the relationship between administration and the behavioral sciences. Mr. Monahan is associate professor in the College of Education at the State University of Iowa.


The present investigation was intended to ascertain the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction among banking sector employees with particular reference to Sitamarhi district of North Bihar, India. The sample of the study consisted of 120 participants. The General Self-efficacy (GSE) scale was developed by Jerusalem and Schwarzer [1] and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), created by Ed Diener [2], was used for the data collection. Having collected the data from the Bank employees of Sitamarhi district of North, Bihar, India, individual"s score were obtained for giving statistical treatment. Pearson"s correlation was applied to study the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction while simple linear regression was used to examine the role of self-efficacy on life satisfaction. Results indicated that self-efficacy has its major impact on life satisfaction, whereas; Life satisfaction can reflect experiences that has influenced a person in a positive way. These experiences have the ability to motivate people to pursue and reach their respective goals. It is observed during the present study that people generally avoid tasks where they perceive the selfefficacy is low, but undertake tasks where self-efficacy is high. When self-efficacy is significantly beyond actual ability, it leads towards an overestimation of the ability to complete tasks. Obtained results have been discussed in detail by giving appropriate reasons.


In the past decades, IGBTs and free wheeling diodes have become the components that define the performance of power modules for frequency inverters. This reflects not only the electrical parameters of the silicon dies but also the performance of the used assembly technologies. The assembly technologies define in first order the lifetime of power modules. In this paper we present the first PrimePACK module built with a new set of joining technologies, called ".XT". The new technology will outperform the lifetime limitations known today. The discussed module has a nominal current of 900A and a blocking voltage capability of 1200V.


An impedance updating apparatus includes a terminator circuit for receiving and terminating an external input signal, the terminator circuit having an up-terminator and a down-terminator; and an update controller for separately controlling the up-terminator and the down-terminator based on the level of the external input signal. The update controller includes at least one latch for latching impedance codes of a programmable impedance controller, the impedance codes being used for controlling transistors in the up-terminator and down-terminator. The update controller performs updating impedance of the up-terminator, or down-terminator when an up-update enable signal or a down-update enable signal and a level of the external input signal correspond to a predetermined condition. And the update controller performs updating impedance of the up-terminator, or down-terminator in response to a level of the external input signal during set-up or hold time only. An impedance updating method of termination circuit having up/down terminators and a separate update controller for detecting terminator through which minimum current flows in response to level of an external input signal is also provided which includes the steps of: determining signal levels of an external input signal to thereby detect a terminator through which minimum current flows between the up or down terminator; and impedance updating the detected terminator through which minimum current flows.


As mobile robots increasingly interact with humans, vehicles, and other robots, the ability to follow these dynamic objects becomes a crucial capability. In this paper, a mobile robot motion controller based on a down`scaled Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed for performing dynamic object following. The controller can reflect the dynamics of an object for an appropriate response speed while ensuring safety of the robot against predicted risks. In addition, an adaptive prediction time horizon is proposed to improve following robustness. The proposed motion controller is demonstrated through extensive simulations and real-time experiments on mobile robot hardware.


The main aim of studies on dynamic behaviour of construction materials at high strain rates is to determine the variation of mechanical properties (strength, plasticity) as a function of the strain rate and temperature. On the basis of results of dynamic tests on the properties of constructional materials the constitutive models are formulated to create numerical codes applied to solve constructional problems with computer simulation methods. In the case of military applications connected with the phenomena of gunshot and terminal ballistics it's particularly important to develop a model of strength and armour penetration with KE projectile founded on reliable results of dynamic experiments and constituting the base for further analyses and optimization of projectile designs in order to achieve required penetration depth. Static and dynamic results of strength investigations of the EN AW-7012 aluminium alloy (sabot) and tungsten alloy (penetrator) are discussed in this paper. Static testing was carried out with the INSTRON testing machine. Dynamic tests have been conducted using the split Hopkinson pressure bars technique at strain rates up to 1,2·104 s-1 (for aluminium alloy) and 6·103 s-1 (for tungsten alloy).


The new PL/I FORMAC Compiler released by IBM as a Type III program earlier this year has the potential to be a useful addition to the tools of an applied programmer and researcher alike. It also presents a problem to these same users in that it is based on PL/I, a new language which, despite all the promotion by IBM, has yet to become universally accepted in the programming world. This unfamiliarity with PL/I makes difficult many tasks which would be trivial if they were done in FORTRAN IV. This note describes one application of FORMAC and the PL/I utility programs required to utilize the FORMAC results. It is hoped this will save other users time and effort in their use of FORMAC.


364 Saudi Journal of Anesthesia / Volume 11 / Issue 3 / July‐September 2017 Sir, Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) has emerged as one of the most important therapies for pulmonary hypertension.[1] It is also beneficial in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methemoglobinemia is a well‐known potential complication of INO in patients with methemoglobin reductase deficiency and overdose of INO. However, do we need to be careful in using low dose INO even in patients without deficiency of methemoglobin reductase?


This paper is discussed on automated system for deployment of websites and windows services to the production servers. The aim of this paper is to develop and implement an automatic system for deployment of websites and windows services to the production servers.[1]-[2] In addition to that it also foresees the issues regarding re scheduling of errored windows services. The system is implemented using windows sql server as a database, asp.net as the front end technology and c# the used programming language.The paper presents a method to reduce human effort required in rescheduling running windows services on a server and also deployment to the production servers.


This research aims to provide evidence related to the influence of inflation and debt on firm value. Population used in this research is 14 food and beverages companies from IDX. The research uses purposive sampling method for selecting the samples resulted 12 qualified companies during 2011-2014. Inflation is measured using the consumer price index released by the World Bank. Debt is measured using debt to equity ratio, and firm value is measured using tobins' q. The data analysis is conducted using multiple regression analysis. Test result shows that inflation has no influence on firm value, since food and beverages companies is categorized as consumer staples, which refers to a business comprised of those companies, which sell the basic human needs. Meanwhile, debt has a significant influence on firm value because the selected companies can achieve optimal capital structure by using trade-off theory to maximize the value of the firm by balancing the costs and benefits of an additional unit of debt. Keywords : inflation, debt, firm value.


3-Oxotaraxer-14-en-30-al (1), a new taraxastane-type triterpene, together with 14 known compounds, taraxerone (2), 3-epiursolic acid (3), 2α,3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (4), lupeol (5), betulinic acid (6), casticin (7), artemetin (8), luteolin (9), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (10), docosanoic acid (11), tetracosanoic acid (12), cerotic acid (13), β-sitosterol (14), and β-daucosterol (15), was isolated from the leaves and twigs of Vitex trifolia var. simplicifolia . Compounds 2–6 were found for the first time in this plant. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D-NMR techniques. Cytotoxic activities of compounds 3, and 5–10 were tested on the three cancer cell lines, PANC-1, K562, and BxPC-3. Results revealed that 7 exhibited cytotoxicity against PANC-1, K562, and BxPC-3, with IC50 values of 4.67, 0.72, and 4.01 μg/ml, respectively, whereas 8 was inactive against these cancer cell lines. The structureactivity relationship of compound 7 and 8 indicated that the 3′-OH group in polymethoxyflavonoids is essential for antitumor activity.


activity of and 6 extracts and 4 pure compounds chebulanin, chebulinic acid, 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β -D-glucose) T. free The superoxide radical of the 4 pure compounds The results showed all tested and pure T. chebula antioxidant activity at of potency. The antioxidant activity of each pure compound was from different and to be specific. carried out studies to investigate analgesic and antihyperalgesic activities of this plant using a water extract made from the and stems. The results provide scientific support for the use of A. indica as an analgesic in the traditional medicine of Sri Lanka. However, it is essential to use pre-flowering plants to induce analgesic or antihyperalgesic effects. It may be possible to develop a potent analgesic and


The paper aims to present a possibility of the intermedial analysis of Viktor Tsoy's rock album "Blood Type". The rock-album is analyzed as a literary cycle, and different intertextual connections with literary traditions are demonstrated in it. The poet shows the specific art world in which there is a new character like Hamlet, who tries to perceive the world out of illusions. Victor Tsoy used myth and intertext to open the new philosophical problems of the world and also artistic possibilities of music.


Abstract Three-dimensional, steady and inviscid flow over orography is examined by means of a semigeostrophic model. A constant Coriolis parameter f, uniform potential vorticity and a uniform basic flow characterize this model, first used by Merkine and Kalnay-Rivas. It is demonstrated that the neglect of ageostrophic accelerations, which characterize a semigeostrophic model, essentially requires low Rosssby number flow Ro≲0.3, and relatively small values of the nondimensional mountain height ϵ/D ≲ 0.5, where D ∼3 × 103 m is the deformation depth. In this parameter range the disturbance potential is a solution of Laplace's equation; the atmosphere is semi-infinite and the finite-amplitude lower boundary is an isentropic surface. The basic solution, expressed in prolate spheroidal coordinates, provides disturbance flows over an isolated mountain, finite ridges, and the limiting flow over a two-dimensional ridge. A comparison between the quasi-geostrophic and semigeostrophic responses to flow over the isola...


espite important advances during the past few decades in the study of courts and judicial behavior, much of the theory and ~ data developed by social scientists for understanding legal systems remain largely the product of, and thus bound to, the inevitable peculiarities of the American context.' This represents a curious inconsistency in the logic of our research agenda since the scientific method to which we adhere is supposed to encourage theory building and description at the broadest level. Yet, as Tate has argued (e. g. , 1983, 1987) social scientists have not been sufficiently aggressive in examining the generalizability of models of the judicial process that have emerged from the American context.2 2


As a type of new emerging fluorescent nanoparticles, quantum dots applied in cellular imaging has elicited broad research interests. However, the wide application of quantum dots was limited by its potential bio-risk. In this study, a systematic investigation was carried out on the cytotoxicity of CdSe quantum dots, particularly focusing on the aspect of particles size, plasm concentration, and incubation period. Furthermore, the comparison between quantum dots and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) on imaging efficiency was performed. MTT assay and flow cytometry proved the negligible cytotoxicity of CdSe quantum dots under the desired dyeing conditions. Given the excellent and stable optical properties of quantum dots such as high fluorescent quantum yield, broad absorption and narrow emission spectrum, the dyeing efficiency of quantum dots was superior to that of FITC. Therefore, quantum dots may be a better alternative with safe, effective and convenient labeling procedures for tissue imaging and immunohistochemistry.


This article presents a critical reflection on the experiences of three university instructors (two teaching stream and one tenure stream) within a 6-month peer-to-peer mentoring for teaching community of practice (P2P CoP). As part of the P2P CoP, the authors (who were previously unknown to one another) formed a "teaching triad" at a tri-campus, research-intensive Canadian university. They regularly met in person for 1 hour on a weekly basis throughout the Winter 2019 semester to discuss teaching-related matters, undertook classroom visits to observe one another teach, and participated in pedagogical workshops with other P2P CoP members. In this article, the authors specifically reflect on (a) the opportunities presented for reciprocity within their triadic mentorship structure; (b) the value their different scholarly fields offered them in pursuit of professional development and open exchange; and (c) the broadened knowledge base of pedagogical techniques their multidisciplinarity afforded them throughout the P2P CoP. They interpret their experiences of building relationships to offer insights into the unique and transformative advantages of teaching triad mentorship models. These include faculty peer mentoring and professional development opportunities that are not merely formalized but institutionally supported and related benefits for other institutions of higher education.


Our previous research indicates that the multi-layer Kohonen self-organizing feature map (MLKSFM) gives a promising performance for spoken language identification (LID). In this paper, we enhance this approach in two distinct ways. Firstly, by considering the phase information, we propose a new type of feature vector which combines the modified group delay function (MODGDF) and the traditional MFCC. Secondly, we propose a hierarchical structure of the MLKSFM, in which the pre-classification is performed at the lower level MLKSFM and the final language identification is performed at the top level MLKSFM. For the OGI-TS speech corpus, the best LID rate is achieved at 87.3% for the 45-sec test speech utterances by using the hierarchical MLKSFM with 4 classes pre-classified at the lower level MLKSFM. For the 10-sec test speech utterances, the best LID rated is achieved at 60.0% by using the non-hierarchical MLKSFM LID system.


Assessing the forest resources of New England, it is estimated that it would be possible to substitute an additional 0.1 quads of firewood for fuel oil to meet New England's residential and commercial space heating requirements by 1985. On an activity by activity basis, the direct labor requirements for producing this firewood and the direct labor requirements for providing fuel oil in New England are calculated. The study assumes that 40 to 70 percent of the 0.08 quads of residential firewood consumption is purchased, and 90 percent of the 0.02 quads of commercial firewood consumption is purchased (the remainder being cut by the user). This implies that between 10,200 and 16,500 additional jobs could become available if the above technological substitution were to take place. However, only the direct employment impacts have been estimated. The effects on other industries (e.g., wood stove manufacturing) and on the rest of the nation have been ignored.


Search for quantum black holes (QBHs) was performed with proton-pr ton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 at a center-of-mass energy √ s = 8 TeV with the integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb −1. The QBH production is modeled with the ADD-model with the number of large extra dime nsionsn = 6. The QBH is assumed to decay into a final state with a lepton (electron or muon) and a jet. This final state is prefe rred in the above model and it is assumed to be sensitive to the TeV scale gravity. There are no events with a lepton-jet inva ria t mass of 3.5 TeV or more in both electron and muon channel. The measurement is consistent with the expected backgr ound. The combined 95% confidence level upper limit on product of the QBH production cross sections and the branching fractio ns of decay into the lepton +jet is equal to 0.18 fb. The upper limit constrains the threshold quantum black-hole mass to be above 5 .3 T V in the model considered.


Abstract The decisions made during the early stages of a design process have a huge impact on a product. Owing to the explosion of preliminary ideas, however, designers easily lose track of important ideas and significant information and end up being buried in a pile of plain words. Failing to locate an idea in the context of idea generation makes it difficult to generate new ideas or take optimized decisions. In this study, the authors propose the term map approach to provide a complete bird's eye view of all ideas, which is a higher-dimension graphical representation that helps in inspiring ideas and making decisions among design team members. A software application named CoStorm is developed. Through the case study of the cash-flattener module, which is a crucial component of an automated teller machine, this method is found to contribute in facilitating the ideation and decision-making progress.


Specially designed magnetostrictive transducercoupling systems were utilized to investigate the dissolution of Zircaloy-2s austenitic stainless steel, carburized stainless steel, and molybdenum in a variety of aqueous media. Ultrasonic energy was applied to samples by bulk liquid exposure, by close- proximity treatment, and by direct activation. The ultrasonic treatment effected signiflcant increases in dissolution rates in certain media, as well as dissolution in media which ordinarily have little or no corrosive action on the specific materials. (W.D.M.)


Magnetorheological fluid is a kind of new smart materials. On base of explaining the characteristics of Magnetorheological fluids, this thesis mainly illustrates the surface finishing technology using MR fluids. It expatiates on the origin, the development and the processing principle of the MR finishing technology. At the same time, it puts forward the key points of this technology, and designs the simple device.At last,it gives the prospect of this finishing technology.


Objective To investigate the influencing factors of open reduction and internal fixation for Pilon fracture reduction and functional recovery.Methods 84 cases of Pilon fracture patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation,followed the end of the evaluation of fracture reduction and functional recovery,used univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis of efficacy factors.Results 84 cases with fractures healed,with a median time of 5.0 months,the incidence of complications,fracture reduction rate,functional recovery rate were 28.57%,84.52%,77.38%,fracture reduction were positively correlated with functional recovery(P0.05).Age,combined fibula fracture functional recovery only significant effects only open fractures significantly affected(P0.05),fracture type and concurrency traumatic arthritis on fractures,functional recovery were significantly affected(P0.05).Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation of fractures effect Pilon fractures and soft tissue injury,fracture type and concurrency traumatic arthritis and other factors related to functional recovery with age,fibular fracture,fracture type and concurrency traumatic arthritis and other factors.


Content-based image retrieval is an important research topic in the multimedia field. In large-scale image search using local features, image features are encoded and aggregated into a compact vector to avoid indexing each feature individually. In the aggregation step, sum-aggregation is wildly used in many existing works and demonstrates promising performance. However, it is based on a strong and implicit assumption that the local descriptors of an image are identically and independently distributed in descriptor space and image plane. To address this problem, we propose a new aggregation method named democratic diffusion aggregation (DDA) with weak spatial context embedded. The main idea of our aggregation method is to re-weight the embedded vectors before sum-aggregation by considering the relevance among local descriptors. Different from previous work, by conducting a diffusion process on the improved kernel matrix, we calculate the weighting coefficients more efficiently without any iterative optimization. Besides considering the relevance of local descriptors from different images, we also discuss an efficient query fusion strategy which uses the initial top-ranked image vectors to enhance the retrieval performance. Experimental results show that our aggregation method exhibits much higher efficiency (about × 14 faster) and better retrieval accuracy compared with previous methods, and the query fusion strategy consistently improves the retrieval quality.


To attain large information rates, code division multiple access (CDMA) is a well-built aspirant for the downlink of cell phone communications. However, while transmitting any signal over fading channel, the performance of CDMA system is highly affected. For that reason, Multiuser detection (MUD) and channel estimation play a significant function for overcoming the interference and characterizing the channel. In this paper, biogeography base optimization (BBO) algorithm introduced for multiuser detection CDMA system. The objective of BBO algorithm is used to minimize the error rate of the user transmitting signal. According to immigration rate and emigration rate, the optimal solution of the detection problem is decided. Therefore, the user detection complexity and the interference of user transmitting signal are resolved. Proposed multiuser detection algorithm is appropriate for run time user identification process; since the detection complication and the required time are concentrated. The proposed approach is implemented in MATLAB working platform and the performance measures are examined. The error rate of proposed algorithm is compared with harmony search algorithm, enhanced harmony search algorithm, and without multiuser detection procedure. c © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3'15).


Through the combined fertilization(N,P,K) tests on Cyclobalanopsis gilva container seedlings,the changes of height,ground diameter,dry weight about the part of over-ground,underground and the total dry weight were investigated.The results show that there were significant variations among different combined fertilization;the second dispose(carbamide 5 g + superphosphate 3 g + kcl 5 g) had the maximum auxo-action,so it's the optimum dispose;after two times treated,the second dispose's height,ground,diameter,dry weight about the part of over-ground,underground,the total and net photosynthetic rate were separately 126.59%,124.55%,191.57%,248.57%,202.19%,compared with the matched group.


A series of shallowly embedded steel column base consisting of an exposed column base and a covering reinforced concrete floor slab were tested under horizontal cyclic loading to very large deformation. By adjustments to the floor slab thickness, shape, and reinforcing bars in the slab, the initial stiffness, maximum strength, and dissipated energy of the shallowly embedded column base increase significantly with respect to those of the exposed column base. It is found to be practical to strengthen the shallowly embedded column base so that it would behave like a fully embedded column base. Punching shear failure in the floor slab around the column due to the uplift of the base plate occurs when the shallowly embedded column base fails. Based on the plastic theory, a mechanical model that considers the contributions of the anchor bolts and the bearing and punching shear of the floor slab is proposed to evaluate the maximum strength. The evaluated results have good agreement with the test results, with errors not greater than 20%.


This note outline the formulae of luminosity and beam-beam tune shifts applicable to flat-beam asymmetric colliders. The formulae are tested with the machine parameters of SuperKEKB.


Creation of an upscaled image should be artifact free & should appear as a natural to a human observer. It is also known as image super-resolution. The quality of an image should be maintained. Different algorithms are available for image upscaling. One of those algorithms is iNEDI.


The structure of HCV genotypes/subtypes and dynamics of its changes in a cohort of adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (n = 17229) was studied during 2008-2015 in the Moscow region. The prevalence of subtypes 1b and 3A HCV, whose relative density have made 47.5% (95%CI 46.8 - 48.3%) and 39.4% (95% CI 38.7 - 40.2 per cent) respectively was revealed. The average proportion of subtype 1A HCV was 5.4% (95%CI of 5.1 - 5.8%) and genotype 2 - 7.2% (95% CI 6,8 - 7,6%). It was established that the dynamics of 1b subtype HCV relative density was characterized by a moderate decline rate of 1.3% per year, while the proportion of subtype 3A HCV increased (+2.9% per year). The differences in the ratio of subtypes 1b and 3A HCV were revealed when dividing the patients by gender. The subtype 1b HCV was more frequently identified in women during the observation period. In the cohort of male patients a shift of the leading HCV subtype was detected - since 2010, the 3A subtype HCV was identified with a higher frequency than subtype 1b HCV. It was shown that in patients under 30 years the proportion of subtype 3A HCV was higher than in the age group older than 30 years, regardless of gender.


Most Western studies ofNagarjuna have approached his work from the point of view of doctrine or philosophy and are concerned with logic and critical analysis of his arguments and propositions. Hardly any attention has been given to the social setting in which the arguments were delivered and the use of the doctrine in Nagarjuna's religious praxis within the larger context of the praxis of his religious community. This dissertation is primarily concerned. with questions regarding the relationship between Nagarjuna's· doctrine and his religious praxis. In particular, t4e focus is on uncovering how tl)e doctrine was transmitted and how was it used in the religious environment in which he lived. Uncovering these relationships sheds light on Nagarjuna's religious life in general, helping us gain more information about his ritual and symbolic universe and how he perceived the Buddha and his relationship with him. A preliminary study showed that the best source of information for these questions was Nagarjuna's hymns. However, the preliminary study also showed that the hymns were the least studied of all works attributed to the master. In fact, the most prominent features in themworship, devotion, commemoration, merit accumulation have not entered the mainstream of critical scholarly discussion on Nagarjuna but have been marginalised and often consciously ignored with primary status given to the analytical works and the philosophical concerns. In order to better understand Nagarjuna' s religious life in its wider context, a close study of the eighteen hymns attributed to him by the Tibetan canon has been made. The hymns have been edited and translated (many of them for the first time into a Western language), their authenticity investigated and their content analysed.


Cascades of cyclic sulfonyimines mediated by tBuOK with diaryliodonium salts has been developed, giving the diaryl ethers in good yields. Furthermore, bulky ortho-substituted diaryl ethers with an aldehyde group can be obtained easily in comparision with metal-catalyzed protocols.


Purpose
This paper aims to explain how companies in the region of Arab countries respond to the institutional diffusion of a new communication genre like corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports.

Design/methodology/approach
Analysis of the features, content and language of CSR reports published by listed companies in the region, to classify the genres of these reports and infer results about ways of companies' interaction with newly institutionalized genre.

Findings
Three distinct genres are identified: "sustainability reports genre," "professional CSR report genre" and "light CSR report genre." When companies interact with institutionally diffused genres, they either adopt them and re-enforce their distinctiveness, mix them with elements from other genres so their distinctiveness will be diluted, or produce the old and established genres under the new name so the new genre will lose its distinctiveness.

Originality/value
The proposed classification of CSR report genres and ways of companies' interaction with new genres are original and open new horizons for research in social and environmental accounting and corporate communication fields.


The experiment results of the effects of Xinjiang medicinal plant cynomorium songaricum on anti-anoxia and anti-epilepsy show that cynomorium songaricum has obvious effects on anti-anosia and anti-epilepsy.


30 cases of menstrual disorder were treated by"Qixiao Siwu Decoction"in bleeding period to enrich blood and regulate menstruation and by"Guipi Decoction"in non-bleeding period to supplement qi and blood after 2 or 3 menstrual cycles treafment.Excellent effects were achieved.


Objective:To study the genetic characteristics and genotype of measles strains and the measures to control measles in Jilin province.Methods:Throat swabs were collected for virus isolation with Vero/SLAM cells.450 nucleotides fragment of the C-terminal of the nucleoprotein (N) gene were amplified by RT-PCR and subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis using DNAstar software.Results:Nine strains were isolated, N genes homogeneity was 98.3% compared with other wild-type viruses of Hl genotype.Conclusion:The circulating measles viruses are belong to clade H1 in Jilin province.


Treatment of γ-acyloxy-α,β-unsaturated ester with bis(iodozincio)methane in the presence of palladium catalyst gave an allylic zinc carrying an ester group; the allylic zinc, which is prepared by t...


This study examined the effects of anticipated service interruptions on natural disaster preparedness intentions. In a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment, students were exposed to scenarios with varied levels of anticipated basic service interruption (no mention, low, high), and person-relative-to event (PrE) factors shown to affect preparedness (low, high), across 2 types of disaster (earthquake, flood). Results indicated no main or interaction effects related to type of natural disasters, significant main effects for levels of PrE and service interruption, and a significant PrE × Service Interruption interaction. Anticipated service interruption affected preparedness, regardless of level of PrE. Bringing service interruption into awareness increases willingness to prepare, suggesting that public-health efforts should include messages regarding potential interruption of services.


responses. Analysis, 33 , abstRact Empirical functional analysis procedures have been widely used in clinical settings to assess behaviors that require treatment. Often, functional analysis suggests that the problem behavior is maintained by automatic reinforcement. One problem in this assessment is that often it is made by exclusion, when the behavior has consequences that are not clear and cannot be defined objectively. This paper critically evaluates the concept of automatic reinforcement from a review of selected studies that explore the issue of behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement, pointing out some recent empirical strategies outlined for the evaluation and treatment of these behaviors. These strategies contribute to a discussion of the concept of automatic reinforcement and for the development of applied procedures based on positive reinforcement.


ABSTRACT : There are available some alternative dispute settlement method in the community life, it is commonly through formal way (litigation) and also can be used through informal way (non litigation).  One of informal dispute settlement is through customary approach which is undertaken by adat institution. The dispute settlement through adat approach has the main purpose that is to keep harmonisation and relationship among the community, not only providing the legal certainty but also the justice. In the life of Aceh' people, the customary dispute settlement was done by adat institution at Gampong (village) and Mukim level. And for this, it has been promulgated already under several Qanun (regional law) of Aceh. The application of customary dispute settlement in Aceh is supported by any general principles that can provide protection for the rights of disputed parties.      Dispute Stelement Through Customary Approach