We investigate the cluster emission of Ne isotopes from the nuclei and . Experiments are unable to distinguish between the isotopes and , but by establishing a method of determining the cluster, with associated preformation probability, and using a binary cluster formalism, we deduce that the most likely emitted cluster is .


YT1 is an offshore condensate gas well. During gas testing, well testing is carried out to determine the productivity of the well. The productivity equation is established by modified isochronal well testing. The flow pressure change trend with production under different working systems is compared with the dew point pressure of the gas reservoir under the condition of retrograde condensation to determine the reasonable production differential pressure to avoid the abnormality of productivity equation and calculate the open flow and the reasonable working system. Formation parameters are calculated such as formation pressure, skin factor, effective permeability, flow coefficient, and test radius through pressure build-up test while reservoir type, boundary, and dynamically controlled reserves are determined. According to the analysis results of productivity and reserves, considering the investment cost of offshore gas reservoir development, storage, and transportation, we can comprehensively evaluate the economic rationality of YT1 well construction and production, providing reference experience for improving the benefits construction and production level of the offshore condensate gas reservoir.


Bang & Andrews (1974) have observed that the longshore component of wind stress has a significant maximum just offshore of the coast. In this barotropic model it is shown that this distribution of wind stress produces a broader coastal current and a broader region of upwelling than a uniform wind stress. However the net transport in the current depends only on the value of the wind stress at the seaward edge of the shelf boundary layer. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1976.tb00673.x


BRIS soil is the problematic soil in Malaysia because it retain a high sandy
texture, low fertility and low water holding capacity. The application of chemical
fertilizer and sesbania grandiflora as green manure is to increase the fertility of
BRIS soil towards the crop production. This study was carried out to estimate the
fertility of BRIS soil by determine the growth performance of Stevia rebaudiana
under three different media, which is BRIS soil as control soil, BRIS soil + Chemical
Fertilizer and BRIS soil + Green Manure with two light condition, 30% and 50%
light intensities. The parameters that evaluated were growth performance (height of
plants, number of branches, number of leaves, diameter of stem and length of roots)
and biomass production. Results indicate that the highest mean average in number of
leaves (4.17) in lighting 50% and number of branches (91.2) at lighting 30% by
adding the chemical fertilizer. Results the number of branches showed that the three
media (BRIS soil, BRIS soil + Chemical Fertilizer and BRIS soil + Green Manure)
have the highest mean average in lighting 30% compared to in lighting 50% which is
BRIS soil (6.72), BRIS soil + Chemical Fertilizer (4.32) and BRIS soil + Green
Manure (2.97). The diameter of stem showed that the highest mean average (2.1 mm)
and the height of plants (17.77 cm) at BRIS soil in lighting 50%. The fresh and dry
weight biomass production of the roots of Stevia rebaudiana plants were highest in
the BRIS soil at lighting 30% which is 7.9925b and 3.2475c respectively. While in
lighting 50%, the fresh weight and dry weight were highest in BRIS soil + Green
Manure, which is 3.8300c and 1.2250b. But the fresh and dry weight biomass
production of the stem of Stevia rebaudiana plants were highest in the BRIS soil +
Cemical Fertilizer at lighting 30% which is 6.1400c and 1.9950b. While in lighting
50%, the fresh weight and dry weight were highest in BRIS soil + Green Manure,
which is 7.2975c and 2.6150b respectively. By adding the chemical fertilizer, it
might be affected by the reduction in photosynthesis and subsequent growth and it
also can be cause by the nitrogen content in the chemical fertilizer that increase the
number of leaves and number of branches. Light plays an important factor that can
inflence the growth performance of Stevia rebaudiana, therefore this result suggested
that adding the chemical fertilizer to BRIS soil under 30% lighting intensity should
be used in crop production.


We applied flow field flow fractionation in a ceramic tubular membrane to study the diffusional behavior of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) as a function of salt and polyelectrolyte concentrations in the dilute concentration regime. NaPSS standards were fractionated in an aqueous carrier liquid with salt concentrations of 1–100 mmol L−1 and injected amounts of 0.2–20 μg. A sharp increase in the apparent diffusion coefficients, due to peak overloading, occurred at a critical polyelectrolyte concentration at the accumulation wall. A model has been developed that compares repulsive electrostatic interactions, calculated from the Derjaguin–Landau–Verweij–Overbeek theory, to the thermal energy. It was found that the observed critical concentration approximated the concentration of a closely packed lattice of hard spheres within an order of magnitude. The critical concentration appeared to be dependent on the salt concentration, but the influence of the molecular mass was less clear. Expressions for the migration velocity in overloaded channels were derived and confirmed experimentally for the two lowest molecular masses. Deviations occurred for high molecular mass NaPSS, possibly because of mutual attraction. These experiments confirmed the observations made by small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering that the ordering of polyelectrolytes already occurred in the dilute regime. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1756–1765, 2001


Present study was aimed to investigate the effect of Neospora caninum seropositivity on testosterone and thyroid hormones levels of Iranian bulls. Two groups containing bulls with neosporosis and bulls without neosporosis were considered. To achieve bulls with neosporosis, N. caninum agglutination test (NAT) and ELISA was performed. Testosterone, thyroxin (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) levels were measured and compared between infected and non-infected bulls. Testosterone of bulls with neosporosis was decreased but the difference was not significant. Serum T4 of bulls with neosporosis was decreased significantly but changes of serum T3 was not significant. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) impairment, direct effect of N. caninum and its antigens on testis function, interrelationships between thyroid dysfunction and hypogonadism, adaptive response of infected animals to N. caninum and occurrence of oxidative stress in testis due to the presence of Neospora may be the reasons of hormonal changes. The effect of N. caninum on hormonal changes remains incomplete at present and is an area for future research so as to better characterize the effects and mechanisms.


Usually, to eliminate the harmonics of transmission lines, LC tuned filters are employed to let bypass these harmonic components. But the elimination ability is limited by its damping resistance. Therefore, active filters composed of high frequency PWM converters are desirable. Comparing with the LC tuned filters, the cost would be very high even in high power systems.In this paper, a low cost and high power active filters for a DC transmission system is proposed. It has active filter ability as well as low cost for high power uses. Its main circuit is composed of conventional LC filters in series with square wave voltage inverters. The voltage of the inverter is controlled to cancel the voltage drop of the internal resistance of the LC filter. So the Q factor of the filter can appear infinity. Calculation of the harmonic and the control are done by DSP (TMS 32010). In the experimental system and simulations, two three phase tuned filter 5-th and 7-th are employed. Excellent results under 1% distortion voltage are obtained.


Word-formation in the czech and german language, especially the diminutive-formation. Text-analyse of fairy tales about the appearance of czech and german diminutives.


There is an intimate connection between socially responsible investment (SRI) and corporate social responsibility (CSR): faced with the demands of their investors, listed companies have started to adopt CSR strategies to comply with the demands of ethical fund managers and ethical index managers. This paper is an exploratory study of the obstacles to SRI among individual investors in Spain. Individuals and financial consultants were surveyed about their current investment strategies, their preferences as regards criteria and ethical strategies, and the perceived obstacles for the development of SRI. The findings unveil the factors leading to the limited development of the SRI Spanish retail market. The paper offers guidelines that can be used by Spanish financial consultants and foreign fund managers when approaching the Spanish market. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


This article explains how dynamic forms of assessment and intervention can be applied for the purpose of enabling students with intellectual disabilities to achieve their optimal level of functioning. Dynamic assessment refers to methods and approaches that are data-based, and allow for the collection of information about the learner's zone of proximal development (zpd) through exploring the student's functioning while interacting with a more experienced collaborator. The purpose of assessment in this context is to develop and explore hypotheses about the nature of obstructions to learning and methods for effectively facilitating the student's performance. Examples of assessment methods are offered to illustrate the process of dynamic assessment and how this can be applied in different educational situations. Dynamic assessment and education are not only concerned with task acquisition but with enhancing the student's quality of life through the development of critical skills for participation in education and community. Despite the significant amount of attention that has been given in recent years to the educational and legal rights of students with disabilities, there remains much debate about the provision of appropriate education. There has been controversy about the right of parents to choose between segregated or regular settings for their children with special needs. Likewise, there have been major arguments concerning resourcing and entitlement to receive special education (Mitchell & Ryba, 1994). The view advanced in this article is that while much emphasis has been placed on "active participation" in school by students with intellectual disabilities, there is a need to put into place "dynamic assessment and education strategies" that can enable these students to achieve their full potential. Dynamic assessment in this context can be defined as the provision of intensive, systematic instructional procedures aimed at developing and exploring hypotheses about the nature of obstacles to learning and methods for effectively facilitating the student's performance (Lidz, 1997). From this perspective, the assessor has an active role in the assessment process through gathering data on student performance in response to certain interventions and adaptations to the learning environment. By following data-based procedures, the aim of dynamic assessment is to determine precisely what needs to be to done to create better learning conditions so that each student can function in the least dependent way. With this requirement in mind, the purpose of this article is to outline and illustrate some principles and practices of dynamic assessment and intervention for students with intellectual disabilities. Debate has centred on the value of inclusive education and issues surrounding the provision of resources and services to students with intellectual disabilities. What is not so well recognised, however, is that many of the difficulties in providing appropriate education for these students have arisen due to the lack of attention that has been given to the use of dynamic and strategic forms of assessment and educational programming. A related point is that, the greater the knowledge and skills possessed by the practitioner, the fewer the pre-requisites for learning required of the student. Assessment and programming are strategic processes that require a range of skills and knowledge, including: (1) skills in applied behaviour analysis; (2) strategies for adapting tasks and learning environments; (3) experience in identifying critical skills to be taught; (4) skills in using dynamic assessment and strategy training; (5) skills in applying a range of interactive teaching methods; and, (6) skills in using assistive technology. In New Zealand, principles of appropriate education of students with education support needs have been well defined in the recently released Special Education 2000 Policy (Ministry of Education, 1996a). …


. The characteristics of parliamentary government vary markedly from one Western European country to another. Although we still do not know in detail the nature and amplitude of these variations, they are sufficiently manifest to warrant close examination. One way in which these variations can be assessed is through the analysis of the career patterns of ministers. These are interesting both in themselves and because they provide information about the nature of the decision-making process: for instance, ministers who stay in office for very short periods are less likely to be involved in collective decisions than ministers who stay in office for a decade or more. Differences are particularly marked among ministerial career patterns in the Austrian and Belgian cabinets. Not only do Austrian ministers stay in office longer: they tend to come to office only once and then remain in the same post; they often do not come to the government by the parliamentary route, many coming from the civil service, industry, or interest groups. In all these respects, Belgian ministers have opposite characteristics. Thus it does seem that while both governments are ostensibly parliamentary, the Austrian government tends to be managerial, while the Belgian government is parliamentary and more truly 'political'.


Aiming at the problem which the experimental results of lateral growth rates of austenite(γ-phase) in the peritectic reaction of Fe-C alloy is much larger than the calculation based on Bosze and Trivedi models,solute distribution in front of the solid/liquid interface in the peritectic reaction was analyzed in detail in this article,and the expression of solute distribution while the cylindrical solid phase grew in melt was also put forward.On the basis of the growth rate formula for the coarse interface deduced by Jackson,the advisable expression was obtained for calculating lateral growth rate of the peritectic reaction products,and which was applied to the peritectic reaction progress of Fe-C and Fe-Ni alloys,respectively.The results showed that the calculation lateral growth rates of the peritectic reaction products(γ-phase) were coincide with the experimental results made by Shibata et al and Mcdonald et al through the observation of the peritectic reaction of Fe-C and Fe-Ni alloys using a confocal scanning laser microscope(CSLM).


A wide variety of iodination techniques as well as chelation with aetallic radionudides are currently utilized for raCiolabeling of proteins, including monoclonal antibodies and their fragments. Whereas a number of proteins are relatively insensitive to mild chemical manipulation, many monoclonal antibody systems display varying degrees of altered biological behavior in particular following iodination using the coercion electrophilic substitution reactions, Different aspects of the in-vivo behavior are affected e.g., specificity of binding to in-vivo antigens, kinetics of blood and tissue uptake and clearance, rates and routes of excretion, etc. A number -if these factors are related to the radionudidic label itself and it Is often necessary to consider these effects separately, since in most situations the radionuclide is the actual tracer and its own in-vivo distribution (when dissociated from the protein due to bond instability, llgand exchange, or catabolic processes if any, or-if it overrides the targeting properties of the labeled protein) nay happen to be qi/ite


In this paper, we have established the couple system of a spectroscope, CCD and computer and proposed a method of the rapid measurement on spectral characteristics such as central wavelengths, relative intensities, sensitivity lines and the wavelength range and image pixel of the spectral images of a material by using the correlation matching method for the image discernment of digital spectra.


............................................................................................................... xx Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 General Introduction ................................................................................ 1 1.1 Problem Statement ................................................................................... 5 1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................. 6 1.3 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 7 Natural rubber .......................................................................................... 7 2.1 Epoxidized Natural Rubber ...................................................................... 9 2.2 Utilization of ENR ................................................................................. 10 2.3 Chitosan ................................................................................................. 11 2.4


An efficient algorithm for long-range monostatic reverberation is developed using geometrical ray-bundle as its propagation model. In the standard approach for reverberation modeling, scattered signals are numerically integrated along the rough surface. In this work, the integration along the rough surface is converted to an integration along the delay time of source signal. It can be expressed in an analytic form under the assumption of ignoring time-dispersion effect. Repetitive eigen-ray searches for calculating scattered signals are avoided by using a split-step marching algorithm for the range based on the geometrical ray-bundle. When the bottom is range-dependent, arrival times of scattered signals from the rough bottom at same range is different according to azimuthal angles and they cannot be directly summed in time domain. The reverberation signals along the azimuthal angles are interpolated to obtain new reverberation signals at certain times. They are summed to compute a time series reverberation signal from the rough sloping bottom. The algorithm is applied to problems of reverberation modeling workshop, and its results are compared with those from the standard reverberation algorithm.


In light of the information security problem of power enterprise automation system,and according to the basic principle of "two isolations" presented in the provisions about safety protection of computerized supervisory control system and dispatch data network of power grids and power plants(see Act 30 of State Economic and Trade Committee of China),this paper describes the design and construction of the information security setup for automation system from five aspects of physical security,network security,system security,application security and management institution.


A new support system,named concrete-cored deep cement mixing(DCM) pile,for deep foundation pit supporting was introduced.The gate-shaped pile was applied to deep foundation pit supporting in a high-rise building project of Nanjing University.The active earth pressure,passive earth pressure,axial forces,and bending moments of piles were analyzed,and the calculation method for determination of pile length was given.The study provides a design method for deep foundation pit supporting.


OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in a population of domestic cats in Melbourne.

DESIGN
An ELISA assay was used to measure T gondii antibody titres in 103 cats from north-eastern Melbourne. Cats were obtained from outer suburban areas (less than 30 km from the Melbourne GPO) and from rural areas (more than 30 km from the Melbourne GPO).

RESULTS
Thirty-nine percent of cats were positive for T gondii IgG. Older cats tended to have higher antibody titres. There was no significant difference in the T gondii antibody titres between males and females, or between cats living in urban areas and cats from rural areas.

CONCLUSIONS
A significant proportion of cats from Melbourne have been exposed to Toxoplasma. This may have implications for the health of wildlife and humans.


Introduction: Totally endoscopic ear surgery (TEES) is defined as exclusive application of endoscope transcanally in otologic surgery. This study is aimed to highlight indications and ear pathologies for TEES. In addition, intraoperative, early postoperative and delayed postoperative complications of TEES will be also described in this study. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of TEES performed by a single experienced and trained otologist in endoscopic ear surgery in a single institution between 1 July 2014 and 31 June 2018. A total of 43 patients were recruited in this study. Sociodemographic information, indications for TEES, ear pathologies, type of surgery performed and complications of TEES were analyzed. Results: The indications for TEES comprised middle ear lesion (65.1%), followed by second look surgery (14.0%), external auditory canal lesion (11.6%) and internal acoustic meatus lesion and surgery for conductive hearing loss which were 4.7%. Various external auditory canal pathologies encountered for TEES were ear canal osteoma (4.7%), acquired ear canal stenosis (2.3%) and tumor (4.7%). Regarding middle ear pathologies, limited atticoantral cholesteatoma accounted for most of the cases, 46.5%. Other middle ear lesions included adhesive otitis media (14.0%), recurrent cholesteatoma (14.0%), tumor (4.7%), otosclerosis (2.3%) and ossicular discontinuity (2.3%). Internal acoustic meatus lesion constituted 4.7% of cases. Some 4.7% of cases developed intraoperative complications, while early and delayed complications were 7.0%. Conclusion: TEES is a feasible surgical technique for diverse ear pathologies in the otologic specialty. It is also proven to be safe with good surgical outcomes.


Learning strategies (LS) have been a salient field of study in English Language Teaching (ELT) globally for the last few decades. In Vietnam, however, while the role of teachers is undeniable and teachers' action research has proliferated exponentially, the unequal number of studies on a subject of equal importance, i.e. the local learners' learning methods, is conspicuous. Additionally, the "how" is as important as the "what", especially for the first-year university students, who experience a great change of learning and teaching methods when entering universities. This study examines the range of writing LS used by 50 first-year English majored students at a teacher training university in Vietnam, and the differences between more and less skilled students in writing, after being instructed on LS for one year. The study found four groups of LS of different popularity, and significant variations in LS use between the two groups of students.


Background: To analyze the complications of abdominal wall hernia repair using mesh.
Materials and method: this is a single cohort study conducted over 4 years.  Patients with inguinal hernia received regional anesthesia while others have been given general anesthesia. Polypropylene mesh was used for all of them.  They received preoperative antibiotics (1 gram of ceftriaxone ).  They were followed up for three years.
Results: During 4 years, 270 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 48 years. One hundred fifty patients (55.5%) were male and 120 of them (44.5%) were female.  One hundred forty-two patients (52.6%) had an inguinal hernia. Ninety patients (33.3%) had umbilical hernias, 20 patients (7.4%)  had epigastric hernias and 8 patients (3%) had incisional hernias.  Five cases (1.8%) developed recurrence. Two patients (0.7%)  had an infection.
Conclusion: abdominal wall hernia repair using mesh is safe with very low complication rates.


A limited number of reservoir rocks can be drilled for laboratory experiments, so artificial core is often used to study the multiphase flow and EOR mechanism during physical simulation experiments. Artificial core manufacturing method includes epoxy cementing and high temperature sintering processes. Conventional epoxy resin cement core used was commonly oil wet. By adopting the method of high temperature sintering or surfactant cementation, the wettability requirements of reservoir rocks can be satisfied; however, it may have water sensitivity and unstable hydrophilicity issues. The traditional process of epoxy cement is improved on the basis of above mentioned facts. In this paper the method of manufacturing water wet artificial core was improved and simplified by chemical modification. The non-ionic hydrophilic group for epoxy molecule is added by the chemical reaction of E-51(epoxy) and glycine, and then the chemically modified epoxy and curing agent can cement quartz sands directly. The mixture of chemically modified epoxy resin and curing agent before solidification can be diluted by water directly instead of acetone which is toxic for human body. The test of contact angle shows that cured epoxy resin and cemented core slice are both water wet. Strength, porosity and permeability of cementing core are essentially the same with the conventional cementing one; moreover, the pore distributions by NMR test are the same. Furthermore, the water sensitivity phenomenon does not exist, and its' properties (strength, porosity and permeability) basically remain unchanged after soaking by kerosene or water for 48 hours. This kind of water wet core manufacturing method is simple since the process doesn't need high temperature curing and it's more suitable to study the fluid flow in porous media and EOR method in light of the stable property. INTRODUCTION Most scientists working on the problem have concluded that it is difficult to obtain valid measurements without operating under conditions as close as possible to those in the reservoir. In the field of reservoir engineering, it is important for the core samples used in laboratories to have properties representing the real reservoir. Although often neglected, core samples always degrade to some degree in the process of cutting the core, handling it, and studying it. This necessitate for artificial core sampling as an alternative. Artificial core manufacturing methods which include high temperature sintering or surfactant


The invention discloses a method and device for automatically backing up application data and restoring the application data according to needs and relates to application data backup and restoration technology of terminal systems. The method includes the following steps that an application layer sets application data directories of applications into system constants according to backup instructions; a bottom layer obtains directory rights of the application data directories according to the application data directories in the system constants; the bottom layer sets the rights of the application data directories to be readable and writable; the application layer backs up the application data in the application data directories with the readable and writable rights, and therefore the backup application data are restored according to needs later. Through the method and device, games and other terminal applications can be automatically backed up and restored according to needs, and user experiences is promoted.


Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell tumour with over 5800 new cases each year in the UK. The introduction of biological therapies has improved outcomes for the majority of patients with MM, but in approximately 20% of patients the tumour is characterised by genetic changes which confer a significantly poorer prognosis, generally termed high-risk (HR) MM. It is important to diagnose these genetic changes early and identify more effective first-line treatment options for these patients. Methods and analysis The Myeloma UK nine OPTIMUM trial (MUKnine) evaluates novel treatment strategies for patients with HRMM. Patients with suspected or newly diagnosed MM, fit for intensive therapy, are offered participation in a tumour genetic screening protocol (MUKnine a), with primary endpoint proportion of patients with molecular screening performed within 8 weeks. Patients identified as molecularly HR are invited into the phase II, single-arm, multicentre trial (MUKnine b) investigating an intensive treatment schedule comprising bortezomib, lenalidomide, daratumumab, low-dose cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone, with single high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) followed by combination consolidation and maintenance therapy. MUKnine b primary endpoints are minimal residual disease (MRD) at day 100 post-ASCT and progression-free survival. Secondary endpoints include response, safety and quality of life. The trial uses a Bayesian decision rule to determine if this treatment strategy is sufficiently active for further study. Patients identified as not having HR disease receive standard treatment and are followed up in a cohort study. Exploratory studies include longitudinal whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI for imaging MRD testing. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval London South East Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 17/LO/0022, 17/LO/0023). Results of studies will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number ISRCTN16847817, May 2017; Pre-results.


There is provided a method of entering and processing in the access state, the method comprising the ControlChannelMAC.Activate issue commands; SharedSignalingMAC.Activate steps to issue the command; AccessChannelMAC.Activate steps to issue the command; ForwardTrafficChannelMAC.Activate steps to issue the command; OverheadMessages.Activate steps to issue the command; ActiveChannelMAC.AttemptAccess steps to issue the command; ActiveSetManagement.SendPilotReport steps to issue the command; Setting a state timer T for If NumAccessAttempts is '0', the method comprising: generating a message ConnectionOpenRequest; Determining whether the state timer has expired; Determining whether or not the receiving AccessChannelMAC.AccessFailed display; And a step of determining whether the received AccessChannelMAC.AccessGrantReceived display. Access states, the wireless communication system


With the arrival of the 21st century,computer Network has been developing rapidly as the vital carrier in modern communications.It is humans' fourth new revolution of mass media,following languages,characters and the printing.The advent of computer network brought constant and subtle readjusting as well as regrouping in political,economical and social relationships among countries.As a kind of new media,it enjoys its unique advantages compared with those traditional media and it provides a brand new platform for enhancing city images.


Insoluble Mo(W) S Fe cluster compound films with a metallic lustre and decorative function of various colors have been obtained on steel surface. Accelerated corrosion tests, LSV, XPS and AES determinations were made to investigate the anticorrosive property of the cluster compound films before and after various passivation treatments. The results show that stearic acid passivation not only stabilizes the colors of these films, but also prevents the steel substrate from corrosion. The layers of dense and insoluble coordination compounds were formed by the reaction of stearic acid with Fe 2+ of the colored films.


This article presents the design and results of a dual‐band antenna array integrated with bandpass filters for WLAN applications. The array is fed with a single 50 Ω port and consists of two radiating elements; thereby having a 1 × 2 array structure. The two bands of the antenna array correspond to the two WLAN bands of 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. A standalone array has first been designed. Other than the two fundamental resonant frequencies, the standalone array exhibits spurious harmonics at various other frequencies. For the suppression of these harmonics, the array has been integrated with two bandpass filters, centered at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The resulting filtenna array was simulated, fabricated, and measured. Obtained simulation and measurement results agree well with each other and have been presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed structure. Measured return loss of the structure shows dual‐bands at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz of more than 30 dB each and also a successful suppression of the spurious harmonics of the antenna array has been achieved. Radiation patterns have also been simulated and measured and both results shown. The gain and efficiency have also been presented; with the values being 6.7 dBi and 70% for the 2.4 GHz band and 7.4 dBi and 81% for the 5.8 GHz band, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:477–481, 2016


One form of marriage that is not justified in view of Islamic law is a marriage that is conducted secretly (sir) or in this case called by Siri marriage. The marriage is not considered perfect, when it has not been published and equipped with the testament. The marriage that has been overshadowed by the elements or attempt to conceal, classified in prohibited marriage. In order not to fall into this category, then the solution is to announce. Qualitative approach was used where the data collected from Ungku and some people in Nagari Kurai Taji Pariaman . This descriptive research was analyzed using a normative-juridical-socio approach . The study found that there was clear goal to realize an ideal household life and have the force of law. But a legal guarantee by the state through the legal framework was not implemented in Nagari Kurai Taji Pariaman, West Sumatra. The study also discovered that the groom and bride were married Siri by the religious leaders (Ungku ) from local society; not by Qadhi as the authorities designated by law .


For over three decades, the front-capturing level-set method has demonstrated its prowess for the simulation, at the mesoscopic scale, of numerous mechanisms in the context of microstructure evolution occurring during complex thermomechanical paths. This review delves into the foundations of this numerical framework, charting its evolution concerning polycrystalline materials, examining its recent advancements, scrutinizing its current shortcomings, and exploring future possibilities. Special attention will be given to the context of hot metal forming processes. In this context, this article also aims to reintroduce, as simply as possible, the kinetic equations related to the grain boundary migration.


With a view of augmenting water for irrigation purpose & assured supply to the every field, a new intervention has been proposed for utilising surplus water from overflowing ponds in the villages. Working on these lines, Installation of Solar Powered Micro Irrigation Infrastructure has been proposed by selecting the nearby area of the overflowing village ponds by providing common infrastructure with components Sedimentation tank near pond, Pumping Unit (Solar Powered), Filtration units, HDPE pipe network/Hydrant/Outlet assembly, Valves etc with Drip/Sprinkler irrigation sets. The sedimentation chamber will be constructed to settle out the coarse particle thereby providing clear water to the fields. A solar pump of the required capacity will be installed, which will be connected to a filtration unit and after filtration mains and sub mains will be laid by using HDPE pipes. One hydrant will be provided average on 4 acres. It is also proposed to provide one set of sprinklers to the Water User Association for their use to initiate them into use of Micro Irrigation. In this manner, this pilot project will be able to bring new area under irrigation and also gainfully utilise surplus water, otherwise going waste.


In recent years, China has made important achievements in the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education and the construction of education information. Under the COVID-19 epidemic, the social experiment of nationwide information-based teaching and the movement of educational resources opening have also exposed some problems in the above two fields. Based on the review of the current situation of the balanced development of compulsory education, this paper further analyzes the new challenges faced by the online education construction in promoting the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas under the epidemic background, and puts forward relevant measures to deal with the challenges.


Self-injury is defined as an intentional act on one's organs without a suicidal intention . Genital auto-mutilation is one of the rare and more complex forms, both psychopathologically and symbolically . It constitutes a serious urological emergency . The prognosis is marked by the repercussions on the psycho-social level, then those on the urinary and sexual functions of the organ . The authors report a new observation of self-mutilation in a schizophrenic patient with a history of attempted genital auto-mutilation.


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of occlusal rehabilitation in old patients with decreased vertical dimensions caused by serious attrition.Methods:Sixty-five patients with decreased vertical dimension caused by serious attrition were divided into 3 groups according to the defect of dentition and/or TMD.Group A included 42 patients with serious attrition and defection of dentition.Group B had 15 patients with heavy tooth wear,defection of dentition and TMD.Group C included 8 patients with serious attrition and functional TMD.All patients were conducted occlusal rehabilitation at increased vertical dimensions in normal intercuspital position(ICP) by removable denture with occlusal pad and removable occlusal splints.The time of follow-up visit of these patients ranged from 1.5 months to 9 years. Results:The masticatory efficacy of the patients was obviously improved,and all the symptoms of TMD were relieved.Furthermore,the symptoms of TMD were not observed after the treatment in patients without TMD.Conclusion:The results achieved by removable occlusal rehabilitation to aged people with serious attrition and decreased vertical dimension are satisfactory,and suggest that the occlusal rehabilitation is necessary for them.Furthermore,the removable occlusal rehabilitation can be acted as a reference and transition to permanent fixed occlusal rehabilitation.


In medical ultrasound imaging, scan conversion is used to geometrically transform polar coordinate ultrasound data into Cartesian raster data for display. In scan conversion, Moiré undersampling artifacts can be avoided by using various interpolation techniques such as nearest neighbor and bilinear. However, this interpolation-based scan conversion introduces blurring of fine details in ultrasound images. In this paper, a new beamforming technique, named compounded direct pixel beamforming (CDPB), is proposed to remove blurring artifacts from scan conversion. In CDPB, receive focusing is performed directly on each display pixel in Cartesian coordinates with raw radio-frequency (RF) data from two adjacent transmit firings so that artifacts from scan conversion can be substantially removed. To evaluate the proposed CDPB method, 64-channel pre-beamformed RF data were captured by a commercial ultrasound machine (SA-9900, Medison Corp., Seoul, Korea) from a tissue mimicking phantom (ATS Laboratories, Bridgeport, CT, USA). To quantify the performance of the proposed method, the information entropy contrast (IEC) value was measured. From the experiments, the proposed method provided IEC improvement by 2.8 over the conventional scan conversion method. These results indicate that the proposed new beamforming method could be used for enhancing the image quality in medical ultrasound imaging.


The main purpose of this article was designed to expound the some problems such as security and qualtiy of agricultural products in chenggu County were listed in the article in which were put forward the extublishment of agricutural commodites market access rule in Chenggu County.Importance of agricultural products 'supervision of quality safety,the necessity to start farm produce market access system.The paper covers three aspects: Implementation of the content,the unit,the responsibility and suggestions.The article has specific requirements about agricultural products quality and security supervision.


In order to analyze destruction of tubes in the air condensing unit (ACU) of Sochi TPP, some design and theoretical studies were performed with relation to hydraulics and hydrodynamics of the ACU collector. Based on the calculation results, possible reasons causing destruction of entry edges of ACU heat transfer tubes were found.


in part because their survival time is so unpredictable. I t is also possible that many people are not aware of the extension periods built into the Medicare hospice benefit. Better methods must be developed to determine which end-stage dementia patient is close to death. As yet, criteria used to predict such patients have not been reliable. One criterion I have found to be reasonably reliable is prolonged cessation of eating, with an associated weight loss that is measurable and which is a clinically significant criterion that often heralds the evolution of the patient to the "actively dying" stage. A more quantified use of this particular determinant is one clinical approach that might decrease the difficult problem of trying to determine survival time. The second point engendered by the article has to do with another event that may occur when demented patients are placed in a hospice-care category. Dementia units in Minneapolis are now beginning to become involved with hospice programs (often another division of the same managed care consortium). This usually happens in one of two ways. One, a terminal patient with end-stage dementia, already on the dementia unit-often for years-may be designated as a "hospice" patient by nursing or hospice staff looking for referrals (often with poorly defined parameters used to make that determination). The patient's care is then turned over to an outside hospice care team. A second scenario involves an actively dying patient with dementia (sometimes older, sometimes not) admitted from the community to a dementia unit as a new, hospice patient, under the care of an outside hospice care team. In my experience, this second scenario has had good patient care results. The issue here is the duplication of effort that occurs in the first scenario, i.e., when an outside hospice team enters the picture. (A hospice team usually consists of a Registered Nurse (case manager), Social Worker, Nursing Assistant, and Chaplain (as needed)). Good dementia units have stable, long-term, interdisciplinary staff (with the same disciplines as the hospice team, plus others), which sometimes includes a geriatric psychiatrist consultant. They know the dying patient extremely well and are skilled in "end of life" care. The unit team has usually already provided the care activities the recently involved hospice team orders. This might include setting up limited treatment plans after many discussions with family; carefully monitoring and implementing minimal medication needs, including pain medications; or obtaining the most appropriate equipment. This duplication often causes tension between the existing staff and the hospice caregivers, especially nurses and nursing assistants. There are, of course, benefits accrued by placing patients on hospice care, even those demented patients who have lived for an extended period in the long-term-care unit. Some special equipment may be purchased through hospice funding, and there is extra hands-on aid to give baths. However, the hospice benefits mainly family or other caregivers; e.g., bereavement counseling for family is available for up to 1 year; also, during the actual dying process, hospice staff can be with the family to provide ongoing support. I suggest that hospice staff involvement with a long-term patient in a good dementia unit is less cost-effective than their involvement with dementia patients who reside in a general long-term-care setting, or with those patients already designated as hospice-care who are newly admitted to a dementia unit.


This paper focuses on a qualitative study of parents' perceptions of unintentional injury risks to their children, highlighting the fundamental difficulty of convincing parents that injuries are a serious threat to children's health and that they are preventable. It also explores the parent's role in prevention, the difficulties they face in keeping children safe and their perceptions of the best prevention strategies. The participants were nine parents with children under 15 years, from two disadvantaged, inner-city wards in the north west of England, where injury rates would typically be high. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using a framework analysis. The findings indicate that although the majority of parents were able to identify potential risks to children within everyday situations, and offer alternative courses of action, it was significant that they did not feel that injuries were preventable, but rather an inevitable part of growing up. The participants identified information, free equipment schemes and home safety checks as potential tools in injury prevention. However, parental perceptions of the inevitability of injuries were a key barrier to prevention.


The transient waves caused by a line heat source with a uniform velocity inside isotropic homogeneous thermoelastic perfectly conducting half-space permeated into a uniform magnetic field are studied. The formulation is applied under three theories of generalized thermoelasticity: Lord–Shulman theory with one relaxation time, Green–Lindsay theory with two relaxation times, as well as the classical dynamical coupled theory. The problem is reduced to the solution of three differential equations by introducing the elastic and thermoelastic potentials. The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expression for the temperature, displacement components and the thermal stresses. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made with the results predicted by the three theories in the presence and absence of magnetic field and the internal heat source.


Genetic transformations in monocots are achieved with low frequencies with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, often
in conjunction with biolistic methods. However, we report here for the first time, the use of A. rhizogenes harbouring
a binary vector and utilization of shoot bud explants, instead of embryogenic cultures, while also establishing that
intervening hairy root stage can be bypassed. A. rhizogenes strain A4 harbouring plasmid pCAMBIA 1301 with an intron
uidA reporter and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) marker gene under the control of CaMV35S promoter was
used for sonication-assisted transformation of shoot bud explants of an endemic banana cv. Nanjanagudu Rasabale
(NR) grouped under genotype AAB. Transformation frequency up to 2.4% was obtained depending on the medium used.
The use of hygromycin in the multiple shoot induction medium allowed the selection of transgenics having Ri T-DNA
along with the T-DNA from the pCAMBIA 1301 binary vector. The putative transformants were positive for the expression
of the uidA gene. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the independent, transgenic nature of transformants and
indicated single and multiple locus integrations.


Most papers about spatial skills and their components refer to the fact that engineering, architectural and scientific jobs require a good level of spatial ability. Spatial ability has an impact on every scientific and technical field, so it's still undergoing strong development when it comes to engineering, technology, art and many other aspects of life. In the academic environment, Graphic Design teachers usually see students who have difficulties solving tasks requiring spatial reasoning and viewing abilities. The main aim of this work is the development of didactic material based on several virtual and augmented reality formats, knowing how students behave while using them, and checking if they are useful materials to improve their spatial abilities. This work present Three different technologies: virtual reality, augmented reality and portable document format to find out if they are suitable technologies together suitable methodologies to improve spatial ability and from the student's perspective, their opinion of the tool and their motivation to learn more about the aspects of 3D reality. We present a pilot study that compared the results of improvement in spatial ability acquired by freshman engineering students also a survey of satisfaction and motivation of the methodology and technology used.


In this research paper, a new class of continuous functions called gg-continuous maps in topological space are introduced and studied. Also some of their properties have been investigated. We also introduce gg-irresolute maps, strongly gg-continuous maps, perfectly gg-continuous maps and discuss some properties. Keywords : gg-closed sets, gg-open sets, gg-continuous maps, gg-irresolute maps, strongly gg-continuous maps and perfectly gg-continuous maps.


......................................... Received: 28-04-17 Accepted: 07-05-18 Abstract Worldwide, alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for premature death, morbidity and disability. Records of mortality associated with alcohol consumption are not centralized. The aim of this study was to record the mortality rate associated with alcohol intake in patients with cirrhosis who were treated at a university hospital in the city of Medellin. Materials and methods: We included 163 patients who had been diagnosed with cirrhosis in the outpatient hepatology clinic of a 277 bed referral hospital in Medellín. Patients were monitored until 2016. Sociodemographic, paraclinical and clinical variables were measured. Alcohol consumption was considered at the beginning of the follow-up. Survival and complications associated with cirrhosis were described and recorded for patients who consumed alcohol as well as for those who did not, and then the two groups were compared. Results: One hundred sixty-three patients were followed until December 2016. The mortality rate among those who consumed alcohol was 51% while it was only 39% for those who did not consume alcohol (P = 0.19). Comparison of complications of cirrhosis showed that 68% of alcohol users developed ascites vs. 43% of non-consumers (P = 0.01); 40.6% of alcohol users developed encephalopathy vs. 13.5% of non-consumers (P = 0.00); and 29% of alcohol users developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vs. 17% of non-consumers (P = 0.08). In the subgroup analysis, patients with hepatitis C who consumed alcohol had a higher mortality rate than patients who did not consume alcohol (OR: 33, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1023). Conclusions: Although alcohol consumption was not related to increased mortality among patients with cirrhosis in this study, increased mortality was observed in the subgroup of patients with hepatitis C.


Water-quality impairment due to excess nutrients entering Lake Rotorua has been recognised since the 1960s. So as to improve water-quality, the 2012 Lake Rotorua Nutrient Management Plan has set a target to reduce phosphorus (P) loads delivered to the lake by 10 t/year from a baseline of ~40 t P/year. Dissolved P and sediment-bound P loss from agriculture have been identified as significant sources of P entering the lake. Storm periods present significant opportunities to mitigate these losses. Detainment bunds (DBs) are a mitigation strategy that could potentially decrease P losses in storm events. A detainment bund is a low earthen dam constructed on productive pasture, which is capable of temporarily ponding large quantities of overland flow delivered by storm-generated ephemeral streams. Prior research on DBs and sedimentation basins serves as a proof of concept for the technology; however, there is no quantitative data available on the capacity of DBs to attenuate contaminants under New Zealand conditions. Quantification of DB performance is essential to the potential implementation of the technology at regional or national scales, and to the modelling of treatment efficacy in nutrient-management software such as OVERSEER®. The present study reports on preliminary data from a DB receiving surface runoff from 19.7 ha within the Lake Rotorua catchment during three contrasting storm events. The results indicated that retaining water in DBs resulted in discharges with decreased volumes of water and decreased concentrations of suspended sediments, dissolved reactive P and total P. Load attenuation related to event size and resulted in decreased loads of sediment (14–91%), dissolved reactive P (19–69%) and total P loads (18–67%) discharged downstream. These preliminary results indicated the potential of this mitigation strategy to decrease loads of sediment and P delivered to Lake Rotorua by surface runoff from pastoral agriculture.


Commercial registers are a traditional source of information and a service for merchants. They have recently been subject to reform and modernisation and have been joined by additional registers and databases in the pursuit of transparency. In this article Dr Maren Heidemann (Associate Research Fellow at IALS) highlights recent reforms of commercial registers in Europe as well as challenges and opportunities arising from transparency registers and their relationship the traditional commercial register.
Index keywords: Commercial law, Europe.transparency, commercial registers


This study presents the application of the project based learning model on the sum of integers. this research uses the lesson study for learning community (LSLC) system. The sample of this study was 22 seventh grade students of Srijaya State Junior High School Palembang. The research method used is design research (design research). This study designs project based learning based on account calculations. The stages of this study consisted of experimental preparation, design experiments and retrospective analysis. Based on the results of retrospective analysis, it is shown that by using electricity account calculations as a context in learning students can understand integers and sets.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the hydrated aluminosilicate on physiological and biochemical homeostasis of pigs. Sixty crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire) pigs of both sexes were used to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of Antitoxic Nutrient (ATN), mixture of aluminosilicates (zeolites and clays) and activated charcoal, on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters. Pigs of an average BW of 14.5 kg were allotted to two experimental groups: a control group and ATN group fed with dietary inclusion of 5 g kg -1 diet of ATN. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. During the 155 day period changes in daily weight gain of the animals, feed conversion ratio and certain blood biochemical parameters on the days 45, 90 and 135 were examined. During the first 45 days of experiment pigs from ATN group had lower growth rate compared with control it being significantly higher on the finishing phase of growing. Disbalance in serum amino transferase activities (ALT and AST) and significantly lower concentration of total protein were observed on day 135in ATN group of pigs. Potassium concentration in blood serum of pigs supplemented with ATN was significantly lower during the whole experiment and increased level of magnesium, calcium and chlorides were recorded on the day 45. All measured biochemical parameters were generally within the reference range for pigs dring the whole experimental period. The results suggest that oral supplementation of ATN improves growth performance in pigs in finishing phases of breeding and does not disturb normal metabolic pathways of animals.


Every country has its own culture, that shapes its people as a nation. Pakistanis are a bunch of diverse lingual, geographical and tribal cultures. It seems very sacred for the people to not only preserve and promote their cultures but also some of them want their culture to be dominated. When these diversities come across the society; problems like stereotypes, unrest or extremism arise which are the by-products of cultural diversity. Consequently, there exists discordance that leads to conflicts and becomes a reason of hindrance in country's progress. The work on this topic has rarely been done in Pakistan so this study has been designed to expose the strategies for culturally responsive inclusive classrooms at primary school level. This descriptive study was based on a survey of 150 primary school teachers of general and inclusive schools of a metropolitan city Lahore. Collected data were analyzed by using inferential and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that there is no significant difference in the cultural diversities of general and inclusive primary schools and that diversity in learning styles, socio-economic backgrounds, individual opinions, communication style with teacher and classmates mostly exists. This creates learning difficulty, lack of cooperation, adjustment problem and intolerance towards different views as most teachers are not practicing culturally responsive strategies in classroom. Hence, it is suggested that interactive seating arrangement for one on one meeting and acknowledging attitude of teacher is needed. Teachers should frequently design team building activities and arrange field trips to represent their encouraging and appreciative attitude towards diversity so that difficulties can be minimized and diversity can be celebrated.


A set of 4¢-substituted 2,2¢:6¢,2¢¢-terpyridines has been synthesized in a one-pot procedure under environmentally friendly reaction conditions using PEG and aqueous ammonia as solvents. This procedure features a short synthetic route, short reaction times, easy work-up, and good yields in comparison to conventional meth- ods. The crystallographic data reveal the influence of the 4¢-aryl substituent on the molecular structure and p-stacking behavior of the respective terpyridines.


In order to improve the control performance of maximum power point tracking(MPPT)in photovoltaic(PV)power system,the principle of direct duty cycle perturbation control mode is analyzed,and the quantitative functional relationships with PV power,voltage and duty cycle are established by means of modeling the steady-state PV array and the full-bridge converter,then the control principle of direct duty cycle perturbation is given. Based on this one,a novel control algorithm named adaptive variable step hill climbing algorithm is proposed. The theoretical analysis is verified by PSIM simulation and the PV power system based on the new method proposed above is simulated. The simulation contrast results show that the new adaptive hill climbing method is practicable and superior.


A large-diameter unmagnetized argon plasma is generated by an Okamoto cavity operated in a surface-wave mode. A quartz discharge tube (16 cm inner diameter, 12 cm long) is placed inside the cavity. An argon plasma is produced in the discharge tube and effuses in a process chamber. The electron density, electron temperature, ion current density and floating potential in the chamber are measured as a function of spatial position using a Langmuir probe. An electron density over 1011 cm-3, with an electron temperature in the range of 2–3 eV and a floating potential with respect to the chamber wall of less than 5 V is obtained at pressure in the mTorr range with 2.45 GHz, 700 W input microwave power. A high ion current density (over 10 mA/cm2) of uniformity (standard deviation/average) within 4.4% over 16 cm is achieved.


We investigate the horizontal and vertical structure of the covariance between water vapor and temperature in the tropical troposphere, using satellite measurements from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS). Our analysis reveals large spatial gradients in the local covariance between water vapor and temperature. Positive correlations dominate the tropical lower and upper troposphere, while regions of negative correlation are common in the tropical middle troposphere. While regressions of the tropical mean water vapor and temperature profiles reveal slopes of the same order of magnitude of the Clausius‐Clapeyron regime, the regression of local values can be up to an order of magnitude larger than the Clausius‐Clapeyron prediction. Results from the NOAA GFDL global circulation model are also shown for comparison.


In a survey of 608 pairs of twins born in the city of Aberdeen between 1950–65, zygosity was determined in 440 pairs by sex, blood groups (using nine systems), general appearance and finger printing. There were 345 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 95 pairs were regarded as monozygotic, while 168 pairs of like sexed twins were not available for investigation because of death of one or both twins or migration of the mother.


We predict an anomaly in highly excited bending spectra of acetylene with high vibrational angular momentum. We interpret this in terms of a vibrational shape effect with moment of inertia backbending, induced by a sequence of bifurcations with a transition from "local" to "orthogonal" modes.


The introduction familiarizes the reader with the concept of the second curriculum – a pedagogy of idealism, race consciousness, and cultural nationalism that flowed through all black colleges and made them formidable epicenters of black militancy and activism. The case for constructing a longitudinal history of seven different institutions is made. The author repurposes the theory of communitas, first introduced by anthropologist Victor Turner, and uses this concept to define black colleges as dedicated, racialized spaces that countered the ideology of white supremacy that permeated American society and sought to crush the social, political, and economic advancement of African Americans. In doing so, HBCUs served as a vital cornerstone of the black freedom movement in America.


SUMMARY Porphyrias are a group of hereditary or acquired abnormalities characterized by defective enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Porphyrias are classified as either hepatic or erythropoietic depending on the primary organ in which metabolic disorder takes place. This case report presents the dental management of a female patient suffering from acute intermittent porphyria. Acute attacks, sometimes lethal, are often induced by precipitating factors such as infection, drugs and local anesthetics derived from amide group. (Med Buccale Chir Buccale 2005 ; 11 : 103-110).


Following a single oral dose of 1.25 g sulfapyridine (SP), the pharmacokinetic properties of this moiety of sulfasalazine were evaluated in healthy volunteers. While there was no difference in the absorption characteristics, plasma protein binding (49.6 ± 3.3%), and apparent distribution volume (0.9


THIS PAPER EXPLORES THE CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL- INFLUENCED ZONING AS A RATIONAL GUIDE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AREAS. OF ALL THE REGULATORY POWERS THAT CITY GOVERNMENT POSSESSES, ZONING IS BY FAR THE MOST INCLUSIVE ONE WHICH DEALS WITH OUR PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. TO DATE ITS PROVISIONS AND PATTERNS HAVE NOT BEEN BASED UPON PREDICTIVE OR TESTABLE THEORIES, BUT UPON PRECEDENT AND TRADITION. ZONING CAN BE RELATED TO THE FUNDAMENTAL ENERGIES OF THE ENVIRONMENT, RESULTING IN DIFFERENT PATTERNS FOR CITIES OF DIFFERENT LATITUDE, TOPOGRAPHY, AND STREET GRIDS. THE INDEPENDENT CONTROLS, WHICH ARE OPERATING IN CONCRETE WITH E.I.Z. AND RELATING TO THE STREET PATTERN, ARE BUILDING SETBACK, USE/LOCATION, AND AIR RIGHTS PENETRATION. THE METHODOLOGY PROPOSED CAN APPLY TO THE DESIGN OF NEW CITIES AS WELL AS THE EVOLUTION OF EXISTING CITIES. /AUTHOR/


Communiuties of attached algae (phytoperiphyton) from the Teno River and its tributaries were studied and their floristic composition and spatial distribution were analysed. A total of 215 taxa from 49 locations were identified. Attached algae communities, characteristic of oligotrophic waters, prevailed in the studied streams. Diatoms, dominated by typical attached forms such as Tabellaria flocculosa, Synedra ulna, Achnanthes minutissima, Eunotia pectinalis and Cymbella affinis, were most common and abundant. However, the bulk of biomass (0.8–42.9 g m–2) was formed mainly by the filamentous green algae Zygnema, Bulbochaete and Oedogonium.


Inhibition of forebrain μ-opioid receptor signaling by low concentrations of rimonabant does not require cannabinoid receptors and directly involves μ-opioid receptors. Micromolar concentrations of rimonabant directly inhibits delta opioid receptor specific ligand binding and agonist-induced G-protein activity. receptor ligand with high in vitro and in vivo agonist efficacy.


The judicial control on administrative discretion is a key issue in administrative procedure for all states.Judicial review is an important measure to supervise and control administrative discretion,but not provided specifically in Administrative Procedure Law of China.Scholars and practitioners tried to seek for basic provisions of control on articles 5 and 54,but had not reached an agreement.Such turbulence should be solved by inquiring the requirements of administrative discretion and amend Administrative Procedure Law.


Psammodrilus, meaning 'sand worm', is a group of tiny Annelida containing eight named species and several yet to be described. All live among sand grains and can be loosely regarded as interstitial taxa. To date Psammodrilus have all been described from the Northern Hemisphere, with only two records from south of the equator.


In her "Notes on 'Camp,'" Susan Sontag asserts that "camp taste is a kind of love, love for human nature" (291). This love makes camp, despite its frequent flamboyant bitchiness, different from attempts at humor that derive from homophobia, transphobia, misogyny, or other forms of bigotry. Not all forms of drag are camp, nor are they all beneficent. But drag and camp have a special affinity that exceeds their mutual tendency toward parodic hyperbole. Camp's "love for human nature" distinguishes it from malicious cattiness, while drag's love for gendered nature is what distinguishes it from demeaning mimicry of the other. Moreover, drag and camp are both resource-rich practices, employing what Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick calls a "communal, historically dense exploration of a variety of reparative practices."47 In that spirit, I analyze the reparative cultural work of a camped-up version of Virginia Woolf's Orlando—itself arguably a masterpiece (or mistresspiece?) of camp sensibility.48 My intent is not to show that Woolf's writing is campy—although it is, often—nor to argue that drag is campy—although it too is, often. Rather, I aim to elucidate a feature of camp's rhetorical functioning—a queer form of dramatic irony that creates an insider group which is in the know (and thus is in a position to appreciate the sublime, bitchy social critique leveled by camp) and an outsider group which is not in the know and often the target of camp's barbed wit. This sort of dramatic irony is similar to the successful joke as Ted Cohen explains it, which presumes and creates a sense of intimacy between the teller and the audience. Cohen describes this intimacy as


In Cuba, we need to have new F 1 hybrids and varieties of pepper (Capsicum annuum, L.) with multiple resistances to virus diseases (virus Y of the potato PVY, virus of the engraving of the tobacco TEV); they also need to offer big fruits, climate change adaptation and possibility to grow in open field. This work had for objective validation in open field conditions of new F 1 hybrids and varietes with good agronomic behaviour, climate change adaptation and high yield. 13 F 1 hybrids and four varieties are involved and tested with commercial resistant cultivars F 1 Milord from France and Lical from Cuba, to which were evaluated morphological characters (long, wide and height of the plant and ramification density, leaf density and wide of the leaves) and productive (long and diameter of the fruit, grosor of the pericarp, number of fruits for plant, mass average of the fruit (g) y yield (kg.planta -1 and t.ha -1 ). The obtained results hurtled that the hybrid RTx638, RTxLB, 638xRT, RTx625, RTx625a and 638xNv; the same as the varieties RT and 638, they manifested high yield potential and adaptation to the tropic, for open field. RESUMEN. En Cuba, existe necesidad de contar con variedades e hibridos de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) con resistencia multiple a las principales enfermedades virales (virus Y de la papa PVY, virus del grabado del tabaco TEV), de frutos grandes y buena adaptacion climatica para ser explotados a campo abierto. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo validar nuevos hibridos y variedades de pimiento a campo abierto, con atributos de buen comportamiento agronomico, adaptacion climatica y altos rendimientos. Se estudiaron 13 hibridos y cuatro variedades comparados con los testigos comerciales resistentes Milord F 1 (Francia) y Lical (Cuba), a los cuales se le evaluaron caracteres morfologicos (largo, ancho y altura de la planta y densidad de ramificacion, densidad de hoja y ancho de las hojas) y productivos (largo y diametro del fruto, grosor del pericarpio, numero de frutos por planta, masa promedio del fruto (g), rendimiento (kg.planta -1 y t.ha -1 ). Los resultados obtenidos arrojaron que los hibridos RTx638, RTxLB, 638xRT, RTx625, RTx625a y 638xNv; al igual que las variedades RT y 638, manifestaron alto potencial de rendimiento y adaptacion al tropico, para campo abierto.


The use of viral vectors that can replicate and move systemically through the host plant to deliver bacterial clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) components enables genome editing at the whole-plant level and avoids the requirement for labor-intensive stable transformation. However, this approach usually relies on previously transformed plants that stably express a CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease. Here we describe successful DNA-free genome editing of Nicotiana benthamiana using two compatible RNA virus vectors, derived from tobacco etch virus (TEV; genus Potyvirus) and potato virus X (PVX; genus Potexvirus), which replicate in the same cells. The TEV and PVX vectors respectively express a Cas12a nuclease and the corresponding guide RNA. This novel two-virus vector system improves the toolbox for transformation-free virus-induced genome editing in plants and will advance efforts to breed more nutritious, resistant, and productive crops.


Article history: Received 8 January 2016 Received in revised form 31 March 2016 Accepted 6 April 2016 Available online 12 April 2016 The cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. The complex accepts electrons from cytochrome c and passes them onto molecular oxygen. This process contributes to energy capture in the form of amembrane potential across the innermembrane. The enzyme complex assembles in a stepwise process from the threemitochondria-encoded core subunits Cox1, Cox2 and Cox3,which associatewith nuclear-encoded subunits and cofactors. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cytochrome c oxidase associates with the bc1complex into supercomplexes, allowing efficient energy transduction. Here we report on Cox26 as a protein found in respiratory chain supercomplexes containing cytochrome c oxidase. Our analyses reveal Cox26 as a novel stoichiometric structural subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase. A loss of Cox26 affects cytochrome c oxidase activity and respirasome organization. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


DeepReg (this https URL) is a community-supported open-source toolkit for research and education in medical image registration using deep learning.


with 0.04 normal potassium permanganate. The results are quite comparable to those obtained with cellulose itself except that since 75 to 80 percent of the weight of the acetate is due to the acetyl radical, the copper numbers are in reality that much greater than the numerical values indicate. It is shown that the copper numbers are inversely proportional to the viscosities of the acetates used


Constraints always exist in many practical control systems.How to guarantee the control quality is very important for the aggregation based Model Predictive Control(MPC).Through analyzing the quasi-equivalent aggregation strategy of MPC on the basis of the simulations, an algorithm was proposed to determine the parameters of quasi-equivalent aggregation strategy.By this algorithm, for the quasi-equivalent aggregation based MPC, the on-line computation complexity could be reduced as well as the control quality was guaranteed.


Current paper presents an innovative approach for developing a course specification taking in consideration the impact of the covered topics in a course on the whole program learning outcomes. It presents a practical methodology allowing instructors to design an efficient course specification based on the national academic accreditation and assessment standards.


An analytical multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of 17 pesticides(8 organochlorines and 9 pyrethroids) in tea was developed.Pesticides were extracted from tea with hexane-acetone(volume ratio is 1∶1) in an ultrasonic bath and cleaned up on a Florisil and neutral alumina column, then were determined by gas chromatography with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection in the selected ion monitoring mode,and with heptachlor epoxide as the internal standard.Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination.The recovery studies were performed at 20,50 and 200 μg/kg fortification levels for each pesticide,and the recoveries ranged from 67.9% to 129% with a relative standard deviation between 1.0% and 20% for the different pesticides. The detection limit of the method was less than 1.0 μg/kg for most of pesticides except for the permethrin.The developed method was linear over the range assayed,10-500 μg/L,with determination coefficients0.996.Finally,the developed analytical method was successfully applied to the determination of pesticides in several tea samples.


Rayleigh waves from underground nuclear explosions which are accompanied by high levels of tectonic strain release are observed to be reversed and time delayed relative to Rayleigh waves from "normal" underground explosions. The "time delays" can be explained as an interference effect between the explosion and tectonic source time functions which magnifies the true phase difference between the source functions. The phase of the explosion source time function is advanced relative to the phase of the tectonic source function, and the magnitude of the time advance is directly related to the amount of overshoot in the explosion source time function. The phase distortion is more complex than a simple time delay, and may appear as a constant phase shift with no linear trend. Apparent time advances are also possible; however because of small differences between the excitation functions of the explosion and tectonic sources at shallow depths, the phase shift will appear more frequently as an apparent time delay. Observations of Rayleigh wave phase shifts from underground explosions at the Soviet East Kazakh test site recorded at SRO stations are in very good agreement with simulated phase shifts derived from synthetic calculations.


A generalized parallel replacement problem is considered with both fixed and variable replacement costs, capital budgeting, and demand constraints. The demand constraints specify that a number of assets, which may vary over time, are required each period over a finite horizon. A deterministic, integer programming formulation is presented as replacement decisions must be integer. However, the linear programming relaxation is shown to have integer extreme points if the economies of scale binary variables are fixed. This allows for the efficient computation of large parallel replacement problems as only a limited number of 0–1 variables are required. Examples are presented to provide insight into replacement rules, such as the "no-splitting-rule" from previous research, under various demand scenarios. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 47: 40–56, 2000


In this article, the authors report findings from the first national study of so-called Medicare maximization billing practices for home care services, whereby states attempt to transfer home care costs from Medicaid to Medicare. The analysis indicated that seven states recovered as much as $265 million from Medicare the 1990s. The authors conclude that, while retrospective billing practices may aid states in reducing Medicaid outlays and potentially help dual Medicare beneficiaries gain coverage for their home care, these practices increased Medicare home care expenditures. The findings highlight the need for reforming our national long-term care financing policy. (Anderson, Wayne, Genevieve Kenney, and Donna Rabiner. October 2003. Adoption of Retrospective Medicare Maximization Programs by State Medicaid Home Care Programs. Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law 28(5): 859-881.)


Recently, El-Naschie has shown that the notion of fuzzy topology may be relevant to quantum paretical physics in connection with string theory and E-infinity space time theory. In this paper, we define concept r-generalized fuzzy ideal closed sets with respect to an fuzzy ideal topological space in Sostak sense.We investigate some properties of them, we investigate the relationships between r-generalized fuzzy ideal closed sets with respect to an ideal and r-fuzzy separated


Community care? Our Editor's Choice this month explores a novel approach to care delivery, the Physician Response Unit (PRU), which aims to reduce ED attendances by finding a community solution to the emergency complaint. Joy and colleagues' retrospective analysis of 12 months of data from this service, which is based in London, demonstrated that of nearly 2000 patients attended to, 67% remained in the community. The authors conclude that this model of care is a successful demonstration of integration and collaboration that also reduced ambulance conveyances and ED attendances. These results are promising, however, as the excellent commentary by Professor Sue Mason identifies, some unanswered questions remain. Whether these results can be generalised across the wider NHS, beyond the unique confines of the capital, and in light of starkly heterogenous healthcare systems and workforces remains unknown.


This work presents a built-in effective body-bias effect (VBS, eff) in ultra-thin-body and BOX (UTBB) hetero-channel MOSFETs. This effect stems from the discrepancies in the electron affinity, the effective density-of-states, and the band-gap between the high-mobility channel and conventional Si channel. Physical VBS, eff models quantifying this effect are presented for nFET and pFET, respectively. Our study indicates that the DIBL of various hetero-channel devices can be worse than what permittivity predicts because of the built-in forward body-bias effect. Moreover, we have shown that this detrimental effect can be suppressed by the quantum-confinement effect. This effect has to be considered when designing or benchmarking various UTBB hetero-channel MOSFETs.


Online banking allows a user to conduct financial transactions via the Internet. Online banking is also known as Internet banking or web banking. Online banking offers customers almost every service traditionally available through a local branch including deposits, transfers, and online bill payments. The goal of this research was to analyze the international tourists' satisfaction with online banking services in the contexts of Bangladesh. The paper explores tourists' satisfaction with efficient dimensions, responsiveness dimensions, system available dimensions, privacy dimensions, fulfillment dimensions, compensation dimensions, and contact dimensions. The data were gathered from a sample of 176 international visitors to Bangladesh by utilizing a purposive sampling method and adopting a survey method comprised of a web-based structured questionnaire. The findings of the research suggest that efficient dimensions, system availability dimensions, privacy dimensions, and fulfillment dimensions are the most essential aspects which significantly affect international tourists' satisfaction with online banking services. The study also reports that responsiveness dimensions, compensation dimensions, and contact dimensions do not play an important role in international tourists' satisfaction. It has implications for bank service marketers regarding the effective design of service marketing strategy for international tourists' satisfaction in the contexts of online banking service in Bangladesh.


Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a leading contributor to pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently we have shown that VAD in mice impairs mucosal IgA responses in the upper respiratory tract during both paramyxovirus and influenza virus vaccination, thus impeding a first defense against these pathogens at their point of entry. The key vitamin A metabolite responsible for normal immune function is retinoic acid (RA). Previously, RA was believed to be produced predominantly by gut dendritic cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A), an enzyme required for metabolism of RA from RA precursors. However, we found that epithelial cells of the respiratory tract autonomously produce ALDH1A. These cells also produce IL-6 and GM-CSF and can facilitate IgA production from activated splenocytes in vitro. Further in vitro analyses demonstrated that outcomes of vitamin A supplementation were affected by a variety of factors including concentration and type of vitamin A metabolite, as well as cells targeted. Based on these results, we supplemented a respiratory virus vaccine with a single intranasal dose of retinol, retinyl palmitate, or a combination of IL-6 and GM-CSF in VAD mice, and observed enhanced virus-specific mucosal IgA. In total, our data provide insight into the role of vitamin A in virus-specific immunity, while defining feasible methods for the correction of impaired mucosal immune responses in individuals with VAD.


A compact, portable and sensitive instrument has been designed and built for in-situ spectrophotometric analyses on aqueous solutions. This sensor, known as the spectral elemental analysis system (SEAS), has been successfully used for nutrient and pH measurements on both autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and on moored platforms. The key element of SEAS is a liquid-core waveguide made of Teflon AF-2400 that permits long optical path lengths (several meters) in a very small volume (/spl sim/40 cm/sup 3/). Using SEAS, sub-nanomolar detection limits have been achieved for a wide variety of analyses. A unique feature of SEAS is the minimal reconfiguration required to perform fluorimetric analyses. Characteristics of the SEAS instrument are described, including laboratory and field measurements.


Parallel management is channeled when complicated and systematic projects are decided and evaluated. Its method and process are applied to management decisions and evaluations. Traditionally, large-scale management decisions are depending on decision support system and enterprise evaluation system. However, it will be more complex to use system simulation and simulated management. Moreover, such process can not be in long-term process. Therefore, it is necessary to implement parallel management principle's methods and experiences in management decisions and evaluations. Under such circumstance, this paper focuses on parallel management principles and makes further studies of its method and experience. Then, parallel management decision support system (PMDDS) is developed. We try to offer some theory achievements and practical experiences for future researches.

 Key words: Parallel management, management decision evaluation, decision support system, parallel management decision support system (PMDDS).


As the need for interoperability infrastructures and services is more and more stressed by researchers and practitioners in e-Government, Base Registries, as fully electronic, centralized repositories of information for classes of entities, pose as an infrastructure that can support aggregate electronic services delivery. In the presented approach, a Base Registry storing the citizen records is designed to integrate the legacy databases of 1,034 municipalities and is opened up to support the provision of electronic services towards governmental organizations. Discussion on the results is targeting at best practice examples that can be drawn at scientific and organizational level, but also at the key difficulties that have to be tackled in such public sector information reuse approaches - in relevance with the administrations and industry readiness in each country, in order to fulfill one of the principal conditions for pan-European Public Services.


The development of the competitiveness hasn't been a priority for Romanian companies until the moment of the economical crisis. The difference can be seen in quality, services, innovation, image, knowledge, the approach to information, culture, etc. The companies that manage to differentiate from the others will resist in time and the economic advantage is made through intangible assets. The assessment of the intangible assets is the real description of the company wealth which is very well known to all balance sheet users, because it contains their fair value.


This study aims to discover: (1) the training of taekwondo at dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga in the year of 2015-2019. (2) The training program at dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga in the year of 2015-2019. (3) The condition of facilities and infrastructures in supporting the achievement development of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga in 2015 – 2019. (4) The development of taekwondo achievement of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragoon (GPD) Salatiga in 2015 – 2019. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The data collecting method in this study is obtained through interview, observation, and document archive. The interview is conducted with the administrator and the coach. The observation is conducted directly regarding the condition of facilities and infrastructures owned by dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) in the year of 2015-2019. The collecting data is obtained from the document archive related with the sport achievement development of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon in 2015-2019. The sample collecting technique selected is by purposive and snowball sample. To find the validity of the data, it uses triangulation technique. The analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative. The data obtained will be compiled and analyzed based on the variables analyzed so that obtained the overview of the taekwondo achievement development of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga in the year of 2015-2019. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that: (1) the training of taekwondo at dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga year 2015-2019 has the criteria of moderate. (2) The training program at dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga year 2015-2019 has the moderate criteria. (3) Dojang Great Pioneer of The dragon (GPD) Salatiga year 2015-20119 has inadequate facilities and infrastructures. (4) The achievements of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga in 2015-2019 are not always similar in every competition. However, the overall achievements of dojang Great Pioneer of The Dragon (GPD) Salatiga have experienced a great development.
Profile of Taekwondo Achievement of Dojang Great Pioneer of the Dragon (GPD) Salatiga


Stem cell therapy presents an opportunity to replace photoreceptors that are lost as a result of inherited and age‐related degenerative disease. We have previously shown that murine postmitotic rod photoreceptor precursor cells, identified by expression of the rod‐specific transcription factor Nrl, are able to migrate into and integrate within the adult murine neural retina. However, their long‐term survival has yet to be determined. Here, we found that integrated Nrl.gfp+ve photoreceptors were present up to 12 months post‐transplantation, albeit in significantly reduced numbers. Surviving cells had rod‐like morphology, including inner/outer segments and spherule synapses. In a minority of eyes, we observed an early, marked reduction in integrated photoreceptors within 1 month post‐transplantation, which correlated with increased numbers of amoeboid macrophages, indicating acute loss of transplanted cells due to an inflammatory response. In the majority of transplants, similar numbers of integrated cells were observed between 1 and 2 months post‐transplantation. By 4 months, however, we observed a significant decrease in integrated cell survival. Macrophages and T cells were present around the transplantation site, indicating a chronic immune response. Immune suppression of recipients significantly increased transplanted photoreceptor survival, indicating that the loss observed in unsuppressed recipients resulted from T cell‐mediated host immune responses. Thus, if immune responses are modulated, correctly integrated transplanted photoreceptors can survive for extended periods of time in hosts with partially mismatched H‐2 haplotypes. These findings suggest that autologous donor cells are optimal for therapeutic approaches to repair the neural retina, though with immune suppression nonautologous donors may be effective. STEM CELLS 2010;28:1997–2007


Maharashtra with a coastline of 720 km has a shelf area of about 90,000 sq.km. The EEZ confers an additional 20,000 sq.km approximately for exploitation. At present only 30% of the shelf area upto a depth of about 50 m is intensively exploited. The strategy to boost marine fish production in Maharashtra will be to increase production from the currently exploited groimds through increased effort in a phased manner, effective utilisation of the EEZ resources through offshore fishing, improvement of infrastructure facilities such as berthing, cold storage, etc.


The nuclear and radiation accidents are the special emergent events of public health .The proliferation of the nuclear and radiation accidents refers to the expanding in the regions cope, or the intensifying of the destruction and the loss, or the deepening of the society effect. The route of the proliferation of the nuclear and radiation accidents is extremely complex. The occurrence of secondary events is usually connected with the nuclear and radiation accidents. Based on the characteristic of the nuclear and radiation accidents ,the proliferation route,the modes of the proliferation of the nuclear and radiation accidents are studied. The results are beneficial to the promotion of the ability of crisis management for government


Abstract Monitoring workers' exposure to occupational noise is essential, especially in industrial areas, to protect their health. Therefore, it is necessary to collect information on noise emitted by machines in industries. This research aims to map the noise from mechanized mineral ore industry using the kriging interpolation method, and ArcGIS 10.5.1 to spatially process and analyze data. The experimental calculation result of the semivariogram showed a 0.83 range value, with an essential parameter of 1.75 sill and a spherical total theoretical model. The result shows that the main machines with the highest power consumption and the Leq value are located in the southwest position of the sampled areas with a noise map-projected to assess the workers' noise exposure level. In conclusion, the study found that the highest noise level was generated ranged from 88 to 97 dBA and contributed to the whole sound pressure level at certain positions.


In this paper the costs of non-delivered energy (NDE) of a collection of generic distribution network models are compared. The network models are especially developed in order to enable detailed studies of the effects of high-speed automatic reclosing (HSAR) and delayed automatic reclosing (DAR) on the costs of NDE. Also the influence of using different levels of automation and sectionalisation on the outage costs of the different network layouts are studied.


Under the title The Identity of the Child in Virgil's Pollio, which appeared in a recent number of the University of Nevada Studies (I, No. 2), the writer presented evidence to show that the Roman-s did not consider it contrary to their canon of taste to "prophesy" the sex of an unborn child. Additional evidence, since gathered, not only supports the conclusion then reached but even indicates a deeply rooted tendency on the part of the Romans to discuss things prenatal. The more important part of this evidence is furnished by Valerius Flaccus. In his Argonautica, Jason, while on his voyage to Colchis, tarries at Lemnos in wedlock with Hypsipyle, the youthful queen of a female people. The narrative in large essentials agrees with that of Apollonius Rhodius. But in the scene of parting, inspired evidently by the narrative of Apollonius, Valerius has deviated from his model so radically as to indicate a complete divergence of feeling. This scene and the variations in its presentation can be indicated best by quoting from the authors themselves. Reference is made by both to an unborn child, but here the similarity ends. The narrative of Apollonius is naturally Greek in spirit, but the manner of reference to the possible sex of the child is also modern:


Objective The aim of this pilot study is to explore changes in EEG derived functional connectivity of the default mode network in response to physical exercise during return-to-sports (RTS) after sports related concussion (SRC). Background The rehabilitation of athletes with SRC is challenging. Presently, there are no objective biomarkers to predict effects of exercise during RTS. SRC associated diffuse axonal injuries predominantly affect the Default Mode Network (DMN). Assessing exercise induced changes in functional connectivity of the DMN may therefore be a potential target. Design/Methods Eleven athletes were examined during the early stages of RTS after SRC (age: 23.90 ± 4.81) and compared to 13 control athletes (age: 24.00 ± 4.90). Resting state 128-channel EEGs were collected before and after a progressive ergometer exercise protocol working up to 70% of the maximal heart rate. DMN connectivity was assessed by calculating the phase locking value (PLV) in 3 frequency bands (theta: 3–7, alpha: 7–13, beta: 14–25). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to explore statistical significance between pre- and post-exercise. Results In SRC athletes PLV within the alpha band decreased significantly post-exercise (median [Mdn] = 0.445, interquartile range [IQR = 0.069) in comparison to pre-exercise (Mdn = 0.436, IQR = 0.047; Z = −1.956, p < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in the control group (post-exercise [Mdn = 0.476, IQR = 0.072] compared to pre-exercise [Mdn = 0.461, IQR = 0.100; Z = −0.175, p = 0.86]). PLVs in the theta and beta band before and after exercise differed neither in the patient nor in the control group. Conclusions Exercise induced changes of functional connectivity of the DMN within the alpha band were only present in post-concussed athletes and may be suitable as a potential objective marker to reflect pathophysiologic changes in further clinical studies to guide RTS.


Abstract Information on the metabolism of the environmental toxicant, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in the male reproductive system is crucial forunderstanding BaP-induced infertility. Microsomes were isolated from the liver and testes of rat, mouse, hamster, ram, boar, bull, andmonkey and incubated with BaP. Post-incubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed for BaP/metabolites byreverse-phase HPLC with Xuorescence detection. A great variation among species to metabolize BaP was observed. The rodent testicularmicrosomes produced higher proportions of BaP 4,5-diol and 9,10-diol than did boar, ram, bull, and monkey. On the other hand, hepaticmicrosomes from higher mammals converted a greater proportion of BaP to 3-hydroxy and 9-hydroxy BaP, the detoxiWcation productsof BaP. Given the ability of BaP 7-8-diol 9, 10-epoxide, 3-, and 9-hydroxy BaP to bind with DNA and form adducts, there is a likelihoodof risk arising from the accumulation of BaP metabolites in testicular tissues. These metabolites may interfere with the formation andfunction of gametes, eventually contributing to infertility.© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.