Introduction. In 2019 the 150th anniversary of the famous Periodic Table of the great Russian scientist, chemist and economist D. I. Mendeleev will be celebrated. The idea of polymorphism, laid down in the basis of the periodic law discovered by him, has not been practically considered in application to the market economy system, although the practical relevance and perspective of such analysis are becoming more evident in the conditions of modern globalism. The appeal to the little explored aspects of the economic heritage of D. I. Mendeleev makes it possible in many ways to take a fresh look at the prospects for the development of the Russian economy. Materials and Methods. The research uses methods of analysis, synthesis, generalizations and axiology, as well as historical-retrospective, historical-genetic and hermeneutic methods of studying problem questions in the history of economic science. The research is based on the original sources: the economic works of D. I. Mendeleev and his contemporaries – economists. Results. The article reveals little-studied aspects of socio-economic views of D. I. Mendeleev. Among his most significant theoretical and economic achievements, the idea of polymorphism applied to markets, the theory of the territorial distribution of productive forces, the law of advanced development of the production of means of production, the concept of incentive taxation, the protectionist draft of the customs tariff and the concept of value determination of economic activity are highlighted. The attitude of D. I. Mendeleev to the economic concepts of S. Yu. Witte, F. Liszt, K. Marx, I. G. von Thünen, as well as his idea of the main directions of the development of the Russian economy are shown. Discussion and Conclusions. The authors characterized special and general studies of foreign and domestic authors on various aspects of the economic heritage of D. I. Mendeleev. Conclusions are made about the urgency of the idea of polymorphism proposed by D. I. Mendeleev in analyzing the morphology of the market economy, the principle of protectionism in the context of the current aggravation of international competition, and his judgment on the need for priority development of innovative industries of domestic industry, taking into account the modern industrial revolution and the transition to a new technological order.


Within a society, not only citizens but also economic entities, social organizations and the state as a complex legal organization can play an important role in achieving common interests. Environmental policy cannot be implemented by just one ministry, one city, one company, environmental protection requires joint work. Today, Serbia is mature enough to take into account every aspect of the life of its citizens and establish harmony between the increase of people's living standards and the preservation of social peace with minimal environmental pollution. The paper analyzes the importance of both the private and public sectors in terms of implementing environmental policy and establishing a balance between economic progress and environmental protection. On the other hand, it is pointed out that the adoption and implementation of environmental legislation entails high costs and significant investments, which can be an insurmountable obstacle for countries with poor economic opportunities.


Foot and ankle deformities greatly affect the quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of destruction of the RA foot and its impact on patients.


This article presents a theoretical and methodological framework for interactive dialogue and analysis of dream images in existential art therapy. In this phenomenologicalexistential approach, the client and art therapist are regarded as equal partners with respect to sharing in the process of creation and discovery of meaning (Frankl, 1955, 1969; Moon, 1995; Moustakas, 1994; Yalom, 1980). A brief outline of principles that underlie the processes of existential art therapy and dream analysis is provided. These principles guide the development of relationships between art therapists and clients, and with visual artworks depicting dream images. The procedures involved in interacting with dream imagery as presented in this article offer a depth-oriented technique that can be utilized in both brief focal therapy and in ongoing therapeutic relationships.


Abstract 100 male T.O. strain laboratory mice were divided into 4 equal groups: (I) 25 were injected intramuscularly with an antigen prepared together with Freund's adjuvant; (II) 25 injected with antigen alone; (III) 25 infected subcutaneously with 8 live plerocercoids of the same species; (IV) 25 served as controls. 4 weeks later all mice were given 6 live plerocercoids orally. The presence of acquired immunity in group III was shown by a significant reduction in the numbers, size and motility of challenge worms. The host response was greater in all the immunized groups than in the controls.


At the present time in Romania, the transition from the natural gas transportation system to the distribution system is done only thru the use of pressure reducing stations. Here the pressure drop is usually done by using throttle valves or pressure reducing valves, where the gas energy is spent without doing any work. In this article we propose the use of turbo-expanders in the pressure reducing stations, where the natural gas pressure from the transportation grid is high and needs to drop to lower levels to enter the distribution grids, in this way part of the energy consumed in the compression stations are recovered. The plans are made at this time for a pilot project at the pressure reducing station in the city of Onesti, Bacau County. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of DAAAM International Vienna.


Abstract : The U.S. Army War College (USAWC) is attempting to become the focal point for strategic wargaming for the Army. General Carl E. Vuono, Army Chief of Staff, has directed the USAWC to take the lead in wargaming for the Army, develop a preeminent wargaming center, provide wargaming support to the Army and use wargames as a teaching tool. The USAWC will have a new Strategic Wargaming Facility (SWF) in 1994 and will be in a position to accomplish these tasks. The USAEC Center for Strategic Wargaming (CSW) has identified a requirement for a Command and Control Decision Support System (C2DSS) in the SWF to support educational activities and provide an interface between the wargame, model or simulation and the user. This study develops a system concept (umbrella architecture) to support a C2DSS. The study examines wargaming at the USAWC from a historical and philosophical perspective. It also examines the curriculum as well as the USAWC capabilities and requirements to conduct wargaming. A review of strategic leader (commander-in-chief) needs and capabilities is accomplished and a survey of automated decision support system technologies is conducted. A three dimensional concept is developed to support the C2DSS and recommendations are made to develop the concept at the USAWC.


A necessary and suffient condition for the semidirect of two semigroups tobe a semilattics of nil-extentions of left groups is gaven.


An efficient and economical treatment technology for heavy metal removal from the electroplating wastewaters is needed for the water purification. Therefore, pure cellulosic materials were derived from two waste fiber (pandanus fruit and durian rind) and conversion of the cellulose into the poly(acrylonitrile)-grafted material was accomplished by free radical grafting system. Thereafter, poly(amidoxime) ligand was produced from the grafted materials. Sorption capacity (qe) of several toxic metals ions was found to be high, e.g., copper capacity (qe) was 298.4 mg g−1 at pH 6. In fact, other metal ions, such as cobalt chromium and nickel also demonstrated significant sorption capacity at pH 6. Sorption mechanism played acceptable meet with pseudo second-order rate of kinetic pattern due to the satisfactory correlation with the experimental sorption values. A significant correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) with Langmuir model isotherm showed the single or monolayer sorption occurred on the surfaces. The reusability study showed that the polymer ligand can be useful up to six cycles with minimum loss (7%) of efficiency and can be used in the extraction of toxic metal ions present in the wastewaters. Therefore, two types of electroplating wastewater were used in this study, one containing high concentration of copper (23 ppm) and iron (32 ppm) with trace level of others heavy metals (IWS 1) and another containing high concentration of copper (85.7 ppm) only with trace level of others heavy metals (IWS 2). This polymeric ligand showed acceptable removal magnitude, up to 98% of toxic metal ions can be removed from electroplating wastewater.


The invention discloses a method for preparing an archaizing brick with a colored blank and a glaze surface by using iron tailings, comprising the method for producing regular archaizing brick with the glaze surface; the invention is characterized in that the waste iron tailing material is used to replace part of glaze and blank material of the original archaizing brick, added in the blank material and plus material of the archaizing brick with the glaze surface, and then prepared through a rountine process. The waste iron tailing material takes 20 to 45 percent of the glaze and the blank material. Adopting the method for preparing the archaizing brick with the colored blank and the glaze surface by using the waste iron tailings, the invention has the advantages of reducing production dependence on mineral material resource with excellent quality, improving utilization rate of the resource, diminishing discharge of solid waste, and greatly reducing the production cost of ceramic products; the used tailing replaces not only the ceramic mineral material but also pigments so that pigments only experience one calcining and heating process of ceramic roasting from the mineral to color forming; at the same time, the roasting temperature of the ceramics is decreased and roasting energy consumption of the ceramics is greatly reduced.


Abstract GARD and Means (1958) studied the effects of penicillin and tylosin on chick growth and layer performance. These workers used 50 White Rock cockerels and 50 White Rock pullets per treatment and reported that penicillin improved growth and feed efficiency when compared to the control. Tylosin, at a level of 4 grams per ton of feed, improved growth and feed efficiency over that produced by penicillin. When added to the ration of laying birds, at a level of 20 grams per ton, tylosin improved egg production and feed efficiency slightly. Barnes et al. (1958) found the antibiotic to be highly effective in the treatment of experimentally induced Mycoplasma gallisepticum (PPLO) infection when injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally at 5 mgs./lb. body weight or when added to water at a level of 3 gms./gal. These same workers found in later studies (1960) that tylosin effectively controlled experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections of young …


Learning materials related to computer networks in SMK students have a varietyof discussion of various components, such as Server, Router, Switch, Hub, andmany others. Supporting media about computer network learning materials isrelatively still lacking. Therefore, in this research try to build a computer-basedlearning android computer network application that was created with the aim toassist in understanding the performance of computer network in a simple.Learning is supported by structured discussion so that it can be understood andaccompanied by several exercises that allow to help understanding the computernetwork. For testing on this application is done on students SMK Rajasa,Surabaya with Random Sampling method and testing using Likert scale. Fromthe test results show the results of positive satisfaction, in terms of use andfeatures needed to support learning activities.


For perfect recovery of the optical encryption system based on joint transform correlator architecture, we derive the properties of the key mask and develop a discrete sinc function interpolation to design the key mask.


This paper introduces a new perspective of case choice in medical ethics teaching,which breaks through the limitations of the choice of teaching cases,chooses the hot-case analogy teaching methods out of medical field,and proves to have received good teaching results.


The problem of calculating the Floquet transition matrix for parametric stability problems is considered. A method of calculating the transition matrix with a minimum number of time steps is described. The method is shown to be extremely efficient for a wide class of problems including flapping stability of a helicopter rotor, helicopter ground resonance with one lag clamper inoperative and dynamic stability of a column with a periodic follower force. The relationship of the method to the classical method of averaging is pointed out.


Cradle is an appliance that is used to carry a baby and oscillate automatically with certain speed for comfort sleep of a baby. The Intelligent Baby cradle intends to help moms who are pre- occupied with household chores or job and who don't have a cleaning specialist or care taker to take care of their infants. Cradle portrays a configuration in such a way that when the baby cries the cradle swings automatically with the help of a DC Motor. A warning (SMS) is sent to the folks regarding their wards in case the child does not rests or quiets down after a certain period of time. The cradle likewise incorporates extra features like bed-wet sensor which will caution the folks or the attendant for bunk wetting of the infant. This helps to keep the infant in a hygienic environment. The cradle also incorporates a patting unit that gives a calm and relaxing effect to the baby and causes the baby to sleep again. This feature will be activated if the baby doesn't stop crying. Arduino performs the most appreciable part of the cradle. The cradle is vitality productive and obliges no physical consideration.


There will be one written paper of three hours duration carrying 70 marks divided into two parts. Part 1 (20 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions on the entire syllabus. Part 2 (50 marks) will consist of three sections. Each section will have three questions. The candidates will be expected to answer five questions in all choosing at least one from each section. Project work will carry 30 marks. The project needs to be done under the supervision of the teacher. The project work will be evaluated by a Visiting Examiner (who has expertise in that specific area), appointed locally and approved by the Council.


Introduction: This article presents some of the results of a year-long project in the Republic of Ireland to review the quality of the hospital inpatient enquiry data for its use in activity-based funding (ABF). This is the first of two papers regarding best practice in the management of clinical coding services. Methods: Four methods were used to address this aspect of the project, namely a literature review, a workshop, an assessment of the coding services in 12 Irish hospitals by structured interviews of the clinical coding managers, and a medical record audit of the clinical codes in 10 hospitals. Results: The results included here are those relating to the quality of the medical records, coding work allocation and supervision processes, data quality control measures, communication with clinicians, and the visibility of clinical coders, their managers, and the coding service. Conclusion: The project found instances of best practice in the study hospitals but also found several areas needing improvement. These included improving the structure and content of the medical record, clinician engagement with the clinical coding teams and the ABF process, and the use of data quality control measures.


Distribution of cable television signals over fiber optic links has expanded rapidly over the past five years. Direct modulation of an optical source with an ever-increasing number of subcarrier multiplexed, amplitude modulated television channels remains the most common scheme for encoding these video signals. The simplicity of an analog optical transmission system is balanced against the stringent linearity specifications placed on the optical source, typically a 1.3 /spl mu/m index-guided distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The paper reviews development of high performance DFB lasers for transmission of analog CATV signals, focussing upon intrinsic impairments to linearity and various approaches to device optimization.


Joan Jones begins this essay by exploring what is meant by the terms 'theology' and 'poetry'. 'Theology' is defined as the disciplined attempts of human beings to understand God. That is, the effort to understand how the world is affected by God's presence and activity, what kind of God he is, and what his purpose is. Jones then turns to how a knowledge of God might be expressed. Might this be poetically? This could be of help in theology's disciplined search for perfect expression. The fact is, however, that theology and poetry have always worked together, be it in Scripture, liturgy or psalms and hymns. In turn, poetry often expresses theological truths. Is poetry, then, more significant than theology in the early twenty-first century? Jones answers this question by observing that, currently, personal self-definition is much more likely to take place through subjective means than through social objectivity, as was once the case. Jones concludes by pointing to the great outpouring of new liturgy evidenced in praise songs and poetry, which demonstrate both the potential of faith's reality and relevance and its significance for twenty-first-century theology.


Concern for the side effects of alcohol, drugs and medicines used in the treatment of diseases, has been the subject of several studies in the medical literature. Particularly, related to the potential risk of causing traffic accidents with fatal results and it's impact on population. This acquires a preventive dimension in the occupational world when the working conditions are related to the individual worker characteristics, especially when the work done involves regular driving, or when accidents happen commuting to work, the so-called "in itinere" labor accidents. In order to act on prevention, it is interesting to know the patient subjective perception, in this case, affected by headaches and subjected to more or less continuous therapies with one or several drugs. It is important to emphasize the way these therapies affect the patient's personal conditions and the use of vehicles. With additional information a better preventive coordinated work can be done, both inside and outside the workplace, including both the affected patient and the doctor prescribing the drugs.


Greenleaf Software offers Greenleaf Daisy Systems has added a set of circuit simulator, a library of precharac-C Sampler, a library for C program-computer-aided engineering tools for terized core materials, and two libraries mers. using C compilers. The sampler designers of power systems to its analog for specific power-discrete and power-supports the Borland Turbo C compiler design series. The new tools reputedly integrated circuit components. and the Microsoft Quick C compiler. help designers analyze power supplies The transformer library costs $7500; The company has combined features and other power designs without having the power-discrete library, $2500; and from three of its other products. Green-to breadboard them. the power-IC library, $5000. leaf C Sampler features interrupt driven The enhancements consist of a real-communications from the Greenleaf life transformer model in the DSPICE Reader Service 32 Comm Library, windows and menu systems from Greenleaf DataWindows, and general functions from The Green-Apple HyperCard combines text, graphics, and sound in leaf Functions. The software runs on the IBM PC, a personal information toolkit PC-AT, and compatibles running MS-DOS. Apple Computer has announced several example stacks, a help disk, and The Greenleaf C Sampler costs HyperCard, which the company calls a a stack examples and ideas disk. The $94.50. There are no royalty obligations personal toolkit that permits the use, main disk includes desktop stacks for for programs produced with the sam-customization, and creation of new an address file, a datebook, "to do" pler. The source code costs $75. music, voice, and animation. also includes a telephone dialer for the Reader Service 30 Cards, the basic unit of information Apple Personal Modem or touch tone in HyperCard, are organized into telephone. The idea stacks consist of stacks. Cards are created with the stack templates, card designs, and clip Macintosh point and click technique. art drawings. The help stack accompa-Sysgen bridges PC family The storage capacity of the user's disk nies a tutorial and reference manual. limits the number of cards. Cad ar like by addng "but-HYpterCard requires a Macintosh with Sysgen has announced four products araButtons can also perform such a minimum of one megabyte of RAM to transport data between IBM PCs, tn."Btoscnaopefrsuh and two 800K-byte floppy disk drives. PC-XTs, PC-ATs, and the PS/2 line. tasks as dialing the telephone, sorting a A hard disk drive is recommended. The external units permit PS/2 users to stack, or finding a videodisc sequence. move data in either …


In order to find out the effects of root-root interactions on their production in the mixed stand, root groth and distribution studies were carried out both in the field and greenhouse.


Archie B Carroll developed a theory in which he displayed levels of responsibility which should be initiated by the management team within an organisation in order to increase the business profits (Wood, D, 2010). The powerful influence of Carroll"s model clearly defines how the environment relied upon organisations to act responsible within the local community (Clarkson, M, 1995). Carroll"s Model (Carroll, A, 1979) suggests that a company should focus their goals on implementing a sense of Corporate Social Responsibility in order to gain respect from consumers. Carroll (1979) suggested that corporations who focus on contributing ethically to the community in which they operate will be rewarded in the form of profits.
The aim of this research study is to detect whether or not a CSR strategy brings benefits to the organisations that implement the strategy. The researcher of this study approached the research question through administering quantitative and qualitative data. This was done by distributing questionnaires to consumers in order to acknowledge the main factors that influence their purchasing. In order to confirm the results of the questionnaire, a semi-structured telephone interview took place within a major wholesales company that have successfully implemented a corporate social responsibility strategy into the company.
The findings from the questionnaire portray that a high majority of consumers who responded have very little or no knowledge on the concept
of corporate social responsibility within an organisation. 75% of these consumers admitted that price is the primary factor taken into account when purchasing their goods. An astonishing 0% of consumers choose CSR as a factor of their purchasing. The researcher engages in a telephone interview with a company to gain a view of their opinion on the topic of corporate social responsibility and discuss the main reasons why they think the implementation is a positive choice.
Finally, the study finishes on the evaluation of the research, recommendation from the author, and a conclusion.


PurposeThough daycare centres are built to facilitate children's social and physical growth, divergent stakeholder perceptions yield conflicts while managing risks for each space due to the minimal guidelines in the Republic of Korea. Due to the unclearly defined knowledge and experience gap between representative stakeholders, teachers have difficulties in operating it with high satisfaction. This study therefore was conducted to systematically identify which parts of performance should be increased to preferentially increase end-user satisfaction in limited resources.Design/methodology/approachThis research conducted quantitative analysis gradually. Importance–performance analysis (IPA) grasped the perceptions of construction practitioners and end-users after identifying space composition and representative risks of daycare centres. Based on the factors influencing perception differences, principal component analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were conducted to determine which space improves the performance preferentially to increase overall end-user satisfaction.FindingsAs the utilisation of indoor spaces increases after COVID-19, improvement of indoor spaces except for indoor playroom is necessary, especially, advancement of the quality of teachers' rooms.Practical implicationsOutputs by reflecting the end-user experiences support to understand which spaces are managed from the limited resources.Originality/valueTheoretical framework for daycare centre was established in Korea where guidelines were insufficient, and differences in perception of each risk of stakeholders were identified. Moreover, gradual statistical analysis was set to construct end-user-focused centres by extracting where the performance of space should be improved in prior.


Functional MRI (fMRI) studies in pain management examine the potential clinical role of fMRI in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions. In this chapter, the unique spatial and temporal properties of the brain's response to pain are discussed first, because they provide the basis for potential clinical applications of fMRI. The second section considers several specific clinical roles that could be filled by fMRI. These include: detecting acute pain using a combination of machine learning and task-based fMRI, detecting chronic pain using functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI), predicting the development of chronic pain using fcMRI, monitoring the treatment of pain using fMRI, and treating pain directly using fMRI-based biofeedback. The possibility of translating fMRI findings to less expensive, more mobile technologies that could facilitate widespread clinical implementation is also discussed.


The invention discloses a preparation method of a sandwich type polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite composite material and an application thereof to the oximation reaction of aldehyde in a liquid phase, belonging to the field of preparation technologies of inorganic composite materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preparing a hydrotalcite precursor; preparing a polyacid solution; and intercalating sandwich type polyacid into a restricted space of hydrotalcite through an ion exchange reaction. The polyacid intercalated hydrotalcite composite material not only combines the functional characteristics of anion clay and polyanion, but also has practical significance in solving the immobilization problem of heteropolyacid in the industrial catalytic process. Meanwhile, the intercalated hydrotalcite composite material has a microcellular structure and is especially applicable to shape selective catalytic reaction, which is similar to the functional characteristic of a molecular sieve. The supported catalyst is applied to the oximation reaction of aldehyde by using an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution as an oxidant and has high catalytic activity and high oxime selectivity.


The foreign student likely to come to the UK to study Iibrarianship will probably be enrolling for a postgraduate course or a Master's qualification of at least one year's duration. There will also be those (although fewer in number) who come for a three year degree or for a doctorate. A surprisingly large number — especially during recent inflationary years when sterling has declined before many firmer currencies — are privately sponsored individuals from countries where library education is well developed, and there has been a minor manifestation during the seventies of interested younger inhabitants of what used to be called the Dominions, coming to live and study in Europe and to make contact with what they can discover of their origins. Along with these have been a smaller number from the United States and the European continental countries.


Precision instrument measurement on an unstable platform is a difficult engineering problem, and the commonly used method is to compensate the instrument measurement results through platform attitude estimation. This paper derives a three-dimensional attitude estimation method based on inertial sensors including gyroscope and inclinometer. In order to deal with the inertial sensor noise, low-pass filter, Kalman filter, adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) and sliding window least squares (SWLS) are chosen to test the filtering performance from the frequency domain perspective. Practical filtering experiments indicate that AKF achieves the best filtering performance for gyroscope, while SWLS has the best filtering performance for inclinometer. Using AKF and SWLS to deal with inertial sensor outputs, the attitude estimation of the vehicle platform is realized. The proposed method is verified on vehicle-mounted electro-optical measurement equipment.


In this paper, we address the problem of online (sequential) recovery of temporally correlated sparse vectors sharing a common support, from noisy underdetermined linear measurements. The temporal correlation of the sparse vectors is modeled using a first-order autoregressive process. The online algorithm is formulated using the sparse Bayesian learning framework and is implemented using a sequential expectation-maximization procedure. Our algorithm is noniterative in nature, and requires less computational and memory resources compared to offline processing. We analyze the convergence of the algorithm in the case when the sparse vectors are uncorrelated, using tools from stochastic approximation theory. We show that the sequence of the covariance estimates converge either to the global minimum of the offline equivalent cost function or to the all zero vector, regardless of the sparsity level of the signal. Through numerical results, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed online algorithm and compare it with its offline counterpart as well as with existing online sparse vector recovery algorithms. We also illustrate the performance of the algorithm in the context of sparse orthogonal frequency division multiplexing channel estimation.


Song He, 2, 3, 4, ∗ Zhenjie Li, 5, † and Qinglin Yang 5, ‡ CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing/Hangzhou, China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China School of Physical Sciences, UCAS, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China (Dated: December 23, 2021)


This research was designed to identify factors that were frustrating to teacher trainees. Six categories of factors were selected. These were categories related to students, instructors, courses, assessment, facilities and administrative services. The subjects were taken from Jimma and Nekemte Teachers College in Oromia Regional State. Data-gathering instruments were rating scale and open-ended questions developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed using mean scores and raw scores. The findings revealed that the three most frustrating categories of factors were those related to teachers, assessment and facilities. Further analysis of the factors in each category showed a large number of factors to be frustrating to the trainees. Finally, based on the findings, suggestions to minimize the frustrating factors were forwarded.


This paper introduces the successful experiences of pr ol onging the life of heating furnace,increasing the heating capacity,improving the heating quality and reducing energy consumption by adopting new technology f or the reform of the continuous heating furnace at the Steel Plate Mill of Jinan IronSteel Group Corp.


The on-chip control register is programmed using the SCLK, SDATA and TFS pins. Three bits of the Control Register set the digital filter cutoff frequency for the device. Selectable frequencies are 584 Hz, 292 Hz, 146 Hz, 73 Hz and 36.5 Hz. A further 2 bits appear as outputs DOUT1 and DOUT2 and can be used for controlling calibration at the front end. The device is available in a 44-pin PQFP (Plastic Quad Flatpack) and 44-pin PLCC. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD7716 is a signal processing block for data acquisition systems. It is capable of processing four channels with bandwidths of up to 584 Hz. Resolution is 22 bits and the usable dynamic range varies from 111 dB with an input bandwidth of 36.5 Hz to 99 dB with an input bandwidth of 584 Hz.


This is an exposition of some of the constructions which have arisen in higherdimensional category theory. We start with a review of the general theory of operads and multicategories (cf. [Bur], [Her], [Lei1]). Using this we give a new definition of n-category (a variation on Batanin's); we also give an informal definition in pictures. Next we discuss Gray-categories and their place in coherence problems. Finally, we present various constructions relevant to the opetopic definitions of n-category. New material includes our definition of lax n-category; a suggestion for a definition of lax cubical n-category; a characterization of small Gray-categories as the small substructures of 2-Cat; a conjecture on coherence theorems in higher dimensions; a construction of the category of trees and, more generally, of n-pasting diagrams; and an analogue of the Baez-Dolan slicing process in the general theory of operads. Preface to the arXiv version This paper was written in early 1998. At the time I did not post it on the electronic archive because the files, containing as they do many memory-intensive graphics, were considered too large; and later I did not post it because there were various shortcomings that I wanted to make good before committing it to permanent storage. But technology has progressed, and I have become wise enough to know that I will never get round to revising this paper in its present form: so here it is. The main aspects I would like to have changed are as follows. The choice of the term 'lax n-category' was probably misguided, and I would now substitute 'weak n-category'. Chapters I and II are mostly superseded by my thesis (math.CT/0011106), where the ideas are explained more precisely and, I think, more clearly. Chapters III and IV, however, do not yet appear in any form elsewhere. In Chapter III I should have explained more clearly the non-standard usage of 2-Cat, which denotes 2-categories, homomorphisms, strong transformations and modifications, and in section III.7 I would have liked to add some further points and subtract at least one dubious statement. Finally, the subject has progressed significantly since the time of writing and there are many new references to be added, in particular to the work of Cheng relating the opetopes of Chapter IV to the opetopes of [BD] and the multitopes of [HMP]. The bibliography of my thesis or (better) of my survey paper math.CT/0107188 should provide a decent substitute.


A procedure for the instant labelling of lyophilised Sn-Ca-glucoheplonate by 99mTc is presented. Chemical and biological properties of the final product are studied. A high labelling yield (95–98%) is obtained by radiochemical methods with the pH value ranging between 6 and 7. Results of biodistribution study shows that the portion of the agent, 18 – 25% of the injected dose, retains in kidney one hour after the injection.


A query is a request for data or information from a database table or a combination of tables. It allows for a more accurate database search. SQL queries are divided into two types, namely, simple queries and complex queries. Complex SQL is the use of SQL queries that go beyond standard SQL by using the SELECT and WHERE commands. Complex SQL queries often involve the use of complex joins and subqueries, where the queries are nested in a WHERE clause. Complex SQL queries can be grouped into two types of queries, namely, Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) queries. In the implementation of complex SQL queries in the NoSQL database, a classification process is needed due to the varying data formats, namely, structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. The classification process aims to make it easier for the query data to be organized by type of query. The classification method used in this research is the Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) which is generally often used in text data, and the Support Vector Machine (SVM), which is known to work very well on data with large dimensions. The two methods will be compared to determine the best classification result. The results showed that SVM was 84.61% accurate in terms of classification, and comparatively, NBC was at 76.92%.


Risk and uncertainty issues have been long addressed by members of AARES, reflecting the importance of the issue in agriculture, particularly in Australia. Members have been among the most innovative developers of methods and insights, around the world, as is reflected in the many publications in journals beyond the domestic shores. It seems, given the recent keen attention to such issues in the Australian literature and beyond, that, with high probability, members will continue to make strong contributions to this area of agricultural and resource economics.


Strack and Martin (1987) have proposed that although probability samples of general populations are needed for studying attitude content, psychological processes such as context and other response effects can be investigated quite well or even better with homogeneous convenience samples. The present paper shows that, in contrast, when social change is included as an essential variable in a study of a well-known context effect, the process itself is weakened and may even disappear. The distinction between content and process is not always tenable in surveys once we include long-term social change as a variable, as we must as the horizon for survey research extends further and further into the future.


We derive the hydrodynamic equations for the transverse magnetization of a ferromagnetic electron gas, including spin‐orbit coupling and a finite electronic mean free path. The electrons are assumed to be described by tight‐binding t2g functions and the short range intraband exchange is treated in the RPA. Spin‐orbit coupling removes the spin rotational invariance, introduces a gap into the spin‐wave spectrum, and mixes the transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities. The latter is diffusive for wavelengths longer than the electronic mean free path. We examine the structure of the spectral function and find the mixing of the spin‐waves with this diffusive mode.


The formation of the d-homocyclopamine ring system in IPI-926 is the key step in its semisynthesis and proceeds via a chemoselective cyclopropanation followed by a stereoselective acid-catalyzed carbocation rearrangement. In order to perform large-scale cyclopropanation reactions, we developed new iodomethylzinc bis(aryl)phosphate reagents that were found to be both effective and safe. These soluble reagents can be prepared under mild conditions and are stable during the course of the reaction. Importantly, they have favorable energetics relative to other cyclopropanating agents such as EtZnCH2I. Herein, we describe the process optimization studies that led to successful large-scale production of the d-homocyclopamine core necessary for IPI-926.


Roundabout capacity is primarily estimated by gap-acceptance or by geometric models. The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 10) uses a gap-acceptance model developed by Siegloch with empirically derived values of critical gap and headway for single-lane and two-lane entries. A geometric capacity model was developed by Kimber and Hollis that diverged from gap-based models. The capacity of up to four lane entries was empirically derived from six geometric parameters. In 2012 capacity data were collected as part of the FHWA project, Assessment of Roundabout Capacity Models for the Highway Capacity Manual. These data were used to produce HCM6, an update of the HCM 2010. In HCM6, a capacity curve was fitted through all the capacity data for single-lane roundabouts. The large scatter of data about the mean capacity line suggests that the single-lane roundabouts may be separated into different geometric types to improve accuracy. To investigate this hypothesis, the capacity data were separated into two geometrically distinct types of single-lane roundabouts: smaller, compact and larger, curvilinear. The range of data for the disaggregated and aggregated data was compared. Also, a capacity line was derived for each type using the geometric capacity model and compared with the disaggregated data with the HCM6 method. The results demonstrate that differences in geometry, absent in HCM6, explain the wide data range. This was further confirmed by the geometric model that gave a good fit to both sets of data. These results indicate that the accuracy of capacity prediction is improved by including geometric variation.


In the article the modern challenges faced by the higher education system in Ukraine due to the pandemic and Russian military aggression are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of implementing distance education in the conditions of modern emergency and crisis situations in the country are presented. Particular attention is devoted to the description of the advantages and disadvantages of the professional training of higher education students of the specialties 014 Secondary Education (Physical Culture) and 017 Physical Culture and Sports in the conditions of distance learning. Attention is focused on the fact that despite all the benefits of the distance learning system, future physical culture teachers and trainers do not have the opportunity to qualitatively master the rational technique of movements from various sports. Despite access to video materials with a demonstration of the reference technique for performing the exercise as a whole and its individual elements, students have limited opportunities for its high-quality consolidation and practice. When students independently study the technique of movements, the teacher does not always can correct technical errors and provide meaningful methodical recommendations, which as a result can lead to the formation of stereotypically incorrect movements of the students of the specified specialties when performing certain exercises. In this context teachers of practice-oriented disciplines are recommended to actively use modern digital technologies and other forms of digital technologies in their work, which allow correcting errors in the execution of exercise techniques and monitoring the physical activity of each student in real time. Despite a few shortcomings of the distance learning system, it remains the only alternative and safe form of obtaining higher education in Ukraine and an effective tool for realizing the constitutional right of the citizens to obtain education and professional qualifications.


Objective:To investigate the change of pelvic floor function in the third trimester of pregnancy and early postpartum.Methods:46 pregnant women in the third trimester in our hospital from July to October 2007 were randomly selected.In late pregnancy,6~8 weeks and 12~14 weeks after delivery,the incidence of stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and bladder neck mobility in different stage of puerperium was carried out.They were respectively given score,protective pad experiment,ultrasonic testing residual urine and perineum ultrasound examination.An analysis on their.Results:The incidence of SUI that diagnosis by POP-Q or POP-Q combined with pat test was 47.83%,39.13% respectively in late pregnancy group;21.74%,15.22% in 6~8 weeks after delivery;17.24%、13.79% in 12~14 weeks after delivery.The difference between latepregnancy group and 6~8 weeks after delivery group was statistical significance(P0.05).There was no significantly difference between 6~8 weeks and 12~14 weeks after delivery groups(P0.05).There was significant difference between 6~8 weeks and 12~14 weeks after delivery group while compared the bladder neck angle[(88.11±13.36)° vs(82.17±10.28)°] with the bladder neck rotation angle[(21.67±10.64)° vs(16.79 ±8.57)°].Conclusions:Pregnancy and delivery can damage the function of pelvic floor,which has certain rehabilitation after delivery.


The present invention relates to a drug delivery device for expelling a dose of drug from a held cartridge and that defines a distal drug outlet end and an opposite proximal end. The drug delivery device comprises: a distal housing component (110) holding a cartridge (113) comprising a liquid drug and a piston slideable arranged therein in an axial direction, and a proximal housing component (101)housing a dose setting and expelling mechanism comprising a piston rod for exerting a force on the piston of the cartridge (113) in a distal direction for expelling a dose. The distal housing component (110) and the proximal housing component (101) are displaceably arranged in axial direction relative to each other for reducing an axial distance between the piston rod (120) and the piston of thecartridge (113). One of the distal housing component (110) and the proximal housing component (101) comprises a threaded adjustment component (103) being held at an axial fixed location on said one ofthe distal housing component (110) and the proximal housing component (101) and defining a first thread (103b) being in threaded engagement with a second thread (110b) defined by the other of the distal housing component (110) and the proximal housing component (101). After displacement the threaded adjustment component (103) is rotatably fixated so that the adjustment component (103) cannot be rotated without the use of a tool.


The invention provides video on demand system and method based on a mobile user terminal. The video on demand method comprises the following steps of: firstly, sending a watching request and a video name by a user to the on demand system through a phone terminal, and synchronously acquiring a terminal ID (Identity) of the user; secondly, querying a video demanded by the user from a server by the system to acquire corresponding name and type of the video; thirdly, querying a mobile operator database by the system to acquire user terminal information; and fourthly, returning the video suitable for the user by the system according to the user terminal and the on demand video information, and providing online watching for the user by the server. The invention has the advantages of providing the video information suitable for user watching according to the conditions of different mobile user terminals, not only being capable of providing video on demand services with high quality for the user, but also effectively saving bandwidths and providing the services for more users at the same time.


Investigations of the effect of the addition of dibenzyl ether (DBE) to the chromium organic liquid (COL) "Barkhos" on the structure and performance properties of chromium carbide coatings obtained by chemical deposition of their gas phase have been carried out. It is shown that the use of the DBE additive expands the temperature range for the formation of chromium carbide coatings with a horizontally layered structure, which are more resistant to corrosion and erosion wear. In this case, there is an increase in the adhesive strength and cavitation resistance of the coatings. The use of the DBE additive reduces the through porosity of the coatings. Coatings obtained with DBE additives have an abnormally high resistance to electrochemical dissolution in comparison with other materials used for work in corrosive environments.


Termites are keystone species in savanna ecology, and their mounds are thought to be an important source of habitat heterogeneity and structural complexity of the savanna. Macrotermes termitaria have been shown to allow woody plant colonisation of landscapes otherwise dominated by C4 grasses. In this study, we assess how resource-rich Macrotermes mounds affect juvenile woody plant and non-woody plant species diversity, community composition, biomass and population dynamics. We repeatedly sampled paired termite mound and savanna plots in Pendjari National Park (Sudanian vegetation zone, North Benin, West Africa) over the course of two years. Despite considerable overlap in their species pools, plant communities of mound and savanna plots were clearly separated in ordinations. Species richness and diversity of juvenile woody plants was consistently higher on termite mounds, while no differences could be detected for non-woody plants. Evenness of juvenile woody plants was generally lower on mounds, whereas density and basal area were higher on mounds. In contrast, we did not detect any influence of the mound microhabitat on colonisation, mortality and turnover of woody juveniles. Therefore, we suggest that differences in the communities on and off mounds should be strongly influenced by directed diaspore dispersal through zoochory.


In order to prove that it is basically a modern philosophy, Marxist philosophy has been for a period of time interpreted on the basis of existentialism or ontology in China's philosophical society. In Hiromatsu's viewpoint, Heideggar's existentialism implies that human nature is transcendent and eternal. His "marital association" of dasein is virtually the existence of "practical associative field". Hiromatsu develops Heideggar's existentialism and puts forth the concept of the "field of practical association", which makes his own view closer to Marx' historical materialism. The latter, however, distinguishes itself from Heideggar's and Hiromatsu's theory, and must never be mixed up.


Current trends of development of the educational framework evoke the support of the innovative methods of integrating open educational resources and formative resources in learning process. In this study we aimed at developing the coordinates of an educational design cantered on using pen and formative resources. As a study methodology, the cascade analysis was used, with groups of specialists for each level/ education form, the variables of an integrative educational approach being set. Conclusions show the innovative dimension of this educational design model (communication abilities, understanding capacity, the degree of interaction between students, the level of interactivity with the content of learning). The weak points of this design are the learning environment objectives created by the educator, and they refer to: the unavailability of certain analysed types, teachers lack of experience in using them, and not valuing these resources potential in educational context, the ungrateful attitude of some specialists and parents regarding their use in school, in teaching situations, in the first levels of schooling. An open learning design is shaped on the base of the socio-constructivist paradigm that promotes the idea of building knowledge through individual effort in interaction with the content. © 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk


A method of processing the object (31) made of a light transmissive material whose surface lies in an XY plane, and is formed with a plurality of circuit sections (39), the method characterized by the steps of: irradiating the object (31) with laser light (L) with a point of convergence of light (P) within the object (31) to form a first modified region (9) only within the object (31) below a surface of incidence laser object (31), wherein the first modified region (9) is separated from the surface of incidence of the laser object (31) by a predetermined distance, and further wherein the first modified region is formed by movement of the convergence point of light along each of the first lines along which it is intended to be cut the object (31) in the X axis, extending the first lines in a first direction so as to pass through the SPAT ios between circuit sections (39); irradiating the object (31) with laser light (L) with a point of convergence of light (P) within the object (31) to form a second modified region (9) only within the object (31) below the surface laser impingement of the object (31), wherein the second modified region is separated from the surface of incidence of the laser object (31) by a predetermined distance, and further wherein the second modified zone (9) is formed by moving the converging point of light along each of the second lines along which the like wafer object (31) is intended to be cut in the Y axis, extending the second lines in a second direction that intersects the first direction and passes through the spaces between circuit sections (39); and division of the object (31) along the first and second lines using the first and second modified regions (9) as starting points for cutting the object (31) into a plurality of chips by applying voltages the object (31) through a sheet (33) having elastic characteristics attached to the rear surface of the object (31).


The effect of pulse shaping on the intense laser-driven proton beam produced through radiation pressure acceleration as a highly efficient mechanism is investigated. In this regard, the interaction of pulses with modified frequencies, including positive and negative chirped pulses with plasma, is simulated using particle-in-cell code. The simulation results indicate that the proton acceleration could be significantly enhanced for both negative and positive chirped pulses. As a consequence of the acceleration time extension as well as the electron heating suppression, a sharper and narrower proton beam could be achieved for negative chirped pulses. The same trend is observed for all negative chirp parameter values at different pulse durations. Furthermore, for positive chirped pulses, the generated proton spectrum is also considerably improved. However, the enhancement trend is strongly dependent on the value of the chirp parameter. Each different positive chirp parameter can alter the shape of the generat...


Digital video broadcasting is increasingly being adopted all over the world. The video broadcasters would require that the viewable contents of the pay channels be protected from unauthorized copying and distribution by subscribers, which is copyright protection. The subscribers would require that they be not wrongfully implicated by the broadcasters and thus ensure customer's rights protection. In this paper we present an integrated solution to address the copyright protection and customers rights protection for a video broadcasting environment. The copyright protection is addressed using a mask based watermarking technique and customer's rights protection is obtained through the use of an interactive watermarking protocol.


Spiking behavior and a high degree of intensity correlation of frequency upand downconverted directional radiation from population-inverted alkali vapors excited with a continuouswave laser pumping are attributed to cooperative effects. © 2021 The Authors


The advent of geographic information Systems (giS) and global Positioning System (gPS) technology has occasioned a plethora of mapping processes throughout the world concerned with indigenous rights. Yet many of these projects and processes seem to end with the maps, occasionally to the detriment of the people subject to the mapping. this paper argues that mapping is a necessary but insufficient goal if the aim is to further indigenous land and resource rights, especially in a context in which there are many more powerful forces, hostile to the empowerment process. the paper uses the case of the Bosawas international Biosphere reserve to illustrate parallel processes of mapping (with appropriate documentation), protection, political harmonization, institutional strengthening, and appropriate scientific input that have been employed there. All of these processes together have begun to make a difference, and the colonist agricultural frontier that threatens indigenous lands within the reserve has been notab...


In this paper, the characteristics and modes of pedestrian load are summarized, and the norms of pedestrian load in different countries are compared. At the same time, the pedestrian excitation load is briefly introduced .Then, combining the three conditions of single, double and three-person pedestrian load with the above four common pedestrian load conditions, 12 groups of different load conditions are formed, and the case study is carried out, and the conclusion is drawn as follows: Under the condition of slow walking, the vertical peak acceleration response of the structure under inconsistent stride length slightly increases, but the impact on the pedestrian comfort of the bridge is not significant. When walking slowly and at the same pace, the vertical peak acceleration of the structure increases significantly, which has a significant impact on the pedestrian comfort of the bridge. The common vibration control measures are also introduced. Through the comparison of relevant regulations, combined with case studies and common vibration control measures, it is hoped that it will be helpful to improve the comfort of pedestrian Bridges in the future, and the relevant regulations in China will be revised.


A scalable array technology for parametric control of high-throughput cell cultivations is demonstrated. The technology makes use of commercial printed circuit board (PCB) technology, integrated circuit sensors, and an electrochemical gas generation system. We present results for an array of eight 250 μl microbioreactors. Each bioreactor contains an independently addressable suite that provides closed-loop temperature control, generates feed gas electrochemically, and continuously monitors optical density. The PCB technology allows for the assembly of additional off-the-shelf components into the microbioreactor array; we demonstrate the use of a commercial ISFET chip to continuously monitor culture pH. The electrochemical dosing system provides a powerful paradigm for reproducible gas delivery to high-density arrays of microreactors. We have scaled the technology to a standard 96-well format and have constructed a system that could be easily assembled.


This paper introduces the general process of the search algorithm Structure through the knight problem. According to the characteristics of the problem, we detailed discuss the DFS(Depth First Search) algorithm and BFS(Breadth First Search) algorithm, and combine the two algorithms together to solve the knights coverage problem. This article has a good reference for the mixed-use scenarios which requires a variety of search algorithms.Algorithms is always the core of Computer programming modeling. Computer algorithm algorithms describes in detail how a computer will enter into the process of output required step by step, or, is a detailed description of the calculation process executing on a computer. The algorithm components include: the accuracy of algorithm, the specific steps of practical algorithm, the execution order of correct, fast and effective algorithm, there is no infinite loop, no matter how complex the algorithm is. The Following will analyze and study BFS, taking Knight Covering as examples.


Organic field-effect transistors (FETs) may be cost-effective alternatives to amorphous-silicon transistors in certain applications. Vacuum-deposited polycrystalline organic semiconductor films exhibit equivalent mobilities to amorphous silicon and often outperform polymeric semiconductors. Here we discuss a lamination-based method for manipulating such films, featuring a thermoplastic "receiver" polymer layer that captures semiconductor films from "donor" substrates, and also acts as a gate insulator. The compound 5,5'-bis(4-isopropylphenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (diPr-PTTP) is shown to have favorable solid-state properties for this process. Its X-ray structure is determined, and its performance and those of pentacene and copper phthalocyanine are evaluated. The influence of surface properties of the donor and receiver is examined. diPr-PTTP retained a mobility after transfer of one-third the value of the same material vapor-deposited directly onto the receiver layer.


This prepared statement formed the basis for testimony before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Federal Courts, Oversight, Agency Action, and Federal Rights on August 3, 2021. The hearing chaired by Senator Whitehouse regarded "Breaking the Logjam: Principles and Practice of Congressional Oversight and Executive Privilege."


In this evidence-based practice paper, we present our experiences with different scaffolding techniques to improve student engagement in active learning classes. Scaffolding of course content enables learners to achieve the expected course learning outcomes smoothly from lower to higher challenge levels. Also, in active learning classes with an emphasis on group activities, the activities can be scaffolded in different ways to promote a higher level of engagement and provide more diversity in students' learning process. Since students in large activity-based active learning classes (ABAL) complete the assigned activities at different times and in different places, the collaborative work may not become as effective anymore. This phenomenon of falling behind in collaborative learning and team-based activities are observable through late and missing submissions, in which, both are consequential to student performance. In this paper, we present our Introductory Computer Science (CS1) course model, particularly highlighting the process of group work and collaborative learning. Next, we introduce a novel multidimensional scaffolding methodology focused on the following dimensions: (1) chunking by difficulty, (2) chunking by time, (3) chunking by focus, and (4) chunking by collaboration. This approach focuses on refining instructor-to-student mediums through diversifying activities, balancing the challenge levels, including pre-class and post-class assignments, and chunking instruction time. Our approach rethinks scaffolding by incorporating the teaching strategy of think-pair-share as a scaffolding technique to guide learners through student-to-student learning mediums as well. To assess the effectiveness of our approach, we report on various student engagement metrics, including on-time, late, and missing submissions. Our multi-semester findings indicate a significant increase in student on-time submissions and a substantial decrease in overall missing submissions.


This thesis explores aspects of everyday experience and the creation of place within the Iron Age island landscapes of the Outer Hebrides. While investigations of place and landscape, as experiential phenomena, are well developed in the context of Neolithic and Bronze Age research such approaches have been largely neglected within British Iron Age studies and in the study of the Outer Hebridean Iron Age more specifically. A hitherto focus upon ritual landscapes partly explains the lack of uptake within British Iron Age contexts more frequently defined by concepts of domesticity. The experience of place and landscape, however, are not only of significance within 'ritual' contexts but play an important role in the shaping of human action in the realm of the everyday. Instead, the principal barrier appears to be methodological - how does one go about investigating everyday experiences within prehistoric landscapes? A major component of this research has therefore been to explore and develop a methodology for this research. Current archaeological practice provides two contrasting methods for the study of landscape experience - one rooted in the analysis of field observations, inspired more directly by phenomenology, and the other via the application of GIS as a means of modeling landscapes from the perspective of human engagement. Despite much shared theoretical ground there remains little dialogue between practitioners of these respective approaches. It is proposed, however, that both approaches can make valued contributions to our understanding of the past and this thesis aims to contribute to an emerging discourse between what are commonly conceived as contradictory methods of enquiry. By exploring the character and diversity of island landscape settlement locales and the everyday experiences of Iron Age places this research offers an alternative framework for understanding the Iron Age societies of the Outer Hebrides.


DR. A. H. MARKS referred to the need for pre-natalwork in private practice. The heart, the chest and the kidneys of every pregnant woman should be examined. Every active venerealinfection should be treated,but he doubted whetherit would be necessaryto perform the Wassermann testwith the blood of every patientand whethertreatment should be instituted in every woman whose blood-serum yielded a reaction. He also expressedthe opinion that routine pelvimetry was not required in Queensland,as contracted pelvis was relatively rare. It should be undertaken if the examinationof the patient indicated its need. He consideredthat post-graduate.work at the Lady Bowen Hospital would be very useful. In his opinion, Dr. Meyer"s schemeof two nurseswas more dangerousthan the old type of midwifery nurse, whose knowledge was limited. He did not consider that puerperalsepsiswas always due to a vaginal examination by a medical practitioneror by a nurse. In many instances sepsisoccurred in women who had neither been examined nor had any operativeinterference.


Inresponse toadaptation toNaCI, cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacumL.cvWisconsin 38)synthesize a major26 kilodalton protein whichhasbeennamedosmotin duetoits induction bylowwaterpotentials. To helpcharacterize the expression ofosmotin inadapted cells, acDNAclone forosmotin hasbeenisolated. Abscisic acidinduces messenger RNAencodingosmotin. Levels ofthis mRNAinadapted cells areapproximately 15-fold higher thaninunadapted cells. Messageforosmotinispresent atconstant levels through thegrowth cycle of adapted cells, while inunadapted cells, thelevel decreases during exponential phaseofgrowth andincreases again when thecells approach stationary phase. Whileabscisic acidinduces themessageforosmotin, a lowwaterpotential environment appears toberequired foraccumulation oftheprotein. Anosmotic shocktounadapted cells doesnotincrease theamountofmessageorprotein present mostlikely because this treatment does notinduce immediately theaccumulation ofabscisic acid. The increased expression ofosmotin inadapted cells isnotcorrelated withanincrease inosmotin genecopynumber. Osmotin ishomologous toa24kilodalton NaCI-induced protein intomato, as wellasthaumatin, maizea-amylase/trypsin inhibitor andatobaccomosaic virus-induced pathogenesis-related protein. osmotin mRNA,alowwater potential environment isrequired forpreferential translation ofosmotin mRNA orto reduce osmotin turnover (21). We report heretheisolation ofacDNAclone encoding osmotin. Weconfirm thehypothesis that ABAinduces transcription orstabilization ofosmotin mRNA.Wealso confirm that someposttranscriptional event allows theenhanced accumulation ofosmotin after adaptation toosmotic stress. We showthatthestable altered expression ofosmotin isnot related togeneamplification orrearrangement andcompare thecomplete aminoacid sequence ofosmotin withfour other homologous proteins.


1. Introduction 2. Brownian motion and Ito calculus 3. Open quantum systems 4. Quantum state diffusion 5. Localisation 6. Numerical methods and examples 7. Quantum foundations 8. Primary state diffusion 9. Classical dynamics of quantum localisation 10. Semiclassical theory and linear dynamics.


The present study investigates the role of two risk factors (exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment) and two psychological stress-related factors (resilience and coping) on individuals' emotional state during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The data were collected using online questionnaire from 778 individuals in April 2020 during Israel's first lockdown. Israeli citizens who had been exposed for many years to recurrent missile attacks (n = 379) reported higher rates of anxiety and stress following the COVID-19 lockdown and lower rates of resilience, compared with those residing in regions not exposed to missile attacks. During the lockdown, unemployed participants (n = 416), in comparison with working respondents, reported more depression and stress, lower resilience, and greater use of behavioral and mental disengagement coping strategies. The results showed that resilience (beta = -.38, p < .001) is associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas the more frequent use of disengagement coping (beta = .31, p < .001) is associated with higher depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, resilience was shown to moderate the association between disengagement coping and emotional state. Findings suggest that exposure to continuous traumatic stress and unemployment may comprise potential risk factors for psychological difficulties during COVID-19 lockdown, whereas resilience and applying less disengagement coping can be considered protective factors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement The study advances our understanding of how populations with a history of exposure to traumatic stress in conflict-ridden regions approach the COVID-19 crisis emotionally. The findings highlight the risk of continuing stress and unemployment and the protective role of resilience. The study may contribute to the design of interventions tailored to the needs of various vulnerable groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)


Objective: Decompression surgery is applied as a life-saving treatment in patients with malignant cerebral edema. We aimed to evaluate the effect of laboratory parameters such as C-reactive protein and albumin ratio in predicting decompression surgery at an early stage in acute stroke patients.
Material and Method: Demographic characteristics, CRP and albumin values, decompression surgery time, NIHSS and mRS scores of 53 stroke patients who underwent decompression surgery were listed. The patients were grouped according to the time of decompression surgery as 0-24th hours, 24th-48th hours, 48th-72th hour and after 72th hours and the laboratory parameters of each group were evaluated.
Results: The mean age of 31 male and 22 female patients was 61±14 (34-91) years. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender, NIHSS, and mRS scores. A statistically significant difference was detected between the first and second groups (p=0.024) when comparing the CRP and albumin ratios.
Conclusion: Markers of inflammation, serum CRP, and albumin ratios were evaluated to determine their usefulness in suggesting the timing of surgical treatment. It was observed that a high CRP and albumin ratio at the time of admission could serve as a predictive factor for surgery within the first 24 hours. Our findings suggest that patients with a high CRP albumin ratio may require surgical treatment within the first 24 hours.


In this study, firstly democratic thoughts which directly or indirectly affect economic development and/or the interaction between authoritarian regimes and the economic development and the direction and channels of this interaction were studied and then the study tried to determine how democracy affects economic development. It was concluded that the positive contributions of democracy to economic development were more determinant than the effects that were either negative or restrictive in terms of development. When compared to autocracy, since democracy is more successful in managing social conflicts, ensuring political stability and preventing social disasters such as famine, it contributes more to economic development. Democracy also facilitates delegation of authority, provides a stable investment environment and accelerates mobilization of resources in accordance with economic growth/development. Democracy leads to an increase in human capital accumulation and increases the growth rate through reducing income inequality. It can be said that democratic regimes are the most appropriate ones in terms of increasing economic performance and supporting economic development through their strong institutional structures and the assurance they will ensure in property rights. Keywords—Autocratic Regime, Democracy, Economic Development, Economic Freedom.


Abstract : During routine surveillance of arbovirus activity in mosquitoes in the Weyburn area of southern Saskatchewan, isolation of the Cache Valley virus was made from a pool of 75 Culiseta inornata taken by light trap on July 26, 1971 and isolation of the St Louis encephalitis virus was made from a pool of 13 Culex tarsalis taken by light trap on August 27, 1971. This is the first time that the Cache Valley virus has been positively identified as occurring in Canada although its presence in Alberta had proviously been suspected. It is also the first time that the SLE virus has been isolated in Canada although serological evidence of its presence was reported 30 years ago.


TDS profiles convoluted with the instrument resolution were obtained by forming differences between diffraction profiles measured with neutrons of wavelength 0.60 A on three perfect Si crystals of different thickness. The profiles were measured with two detector apertures for the reflections 022, 004, 044, 026, 008 and 066. From these measurements TDS correction factors α and hence a correction term ΔB for the temperature parameter of Si were derived. The temperature parameter of Si was determined for two temperatures, 92 and 292 K, as B92 = 0.212 (3) A2 and B292 = 0.422 (3) A2, respectively, from the refinement of 100 symmetry-inequivalent reflections measured with neutrons of wavelength 0.53 A on an imperfect Si crystal.


Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis can result in progressive restriction of mouth opening. Surgical treatment is indicated for severe cases. An innovative technique, a double-skin paddle radial forearm flap, using only one forearm donor site to reconstruct the bilateral buccal defects, is described. Patients and Methods: A total of six patients, having severe oral submucous fibrosis, were treated between July 2002 and August 2004. The surgical procedure consists of (1) release of all the intraoral fibrotic tissue, (2) masticatory muscle myotomy and coronoidotomy, and (3) reconstruction with a double-skin paddle radial forearm flap. Results: The preoperative mouth opening was 2 to 5 mm (mean: 3.3 mm). The intraoperative mouth opening ranged from 13 to 20 mm (mean 16.5 mm) after submucous release and ranged from 32 to 42 mm (mean 35.5 mm) after further release via myotomy and coronoidotomy. The proximal flap incorporated one perforator in two patients and two perforators in the remaining 4 patients. The size of the flaps ranged from 8 to 9 cm in length and 2 to 2.5 cm in width. Five flaps survived uneventfully. Arterial thrombosis, developing 24 hours after the operation, was noted in one flap. The flap was successfully salvaged after emergent exploration. Temporomandibular joint subluxation developed in one patient and required surgical reduction. One patient needed flap revision due to bulkiness. The postoperative mouth-opening range was 22 to 37 mm (mean: 30 mm) at an average follow-up period of 19 months. The average increase of the mouth opening was 26.7 mm, compared with the preoperative interincisor distance. Conclusion: Double-skin paddle radial forearm flap allowed simultaneous reconstruction of two separate buccal defects using a single donor site and thus obviates the need for a second free flap.


: Objective — To analyze the application of seamless care in chronic wound care. Methods — 106 patients with chronically infected wounds treated in the hospital from April 2019 to August 2020 were selected and divided into the observation group (with seamless care, 53 cases in total) and the control group (with routine nursing, 53 cases in total) according to different nursing methods. The differences in the treatment effect, wound healing time and the number of dressing changes between the two groups were compared. Results — The clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly better than that of the control group ( P <0.05); the wound healing time and the number of dressing changes in the observation group were significantly shorter and less than those of the control group ( P <0.05). Conclusion — The application effect of seamless care in chronically infected wounds is good; it can effectively shorten the wound healing time, and it is worth popularizing.


There has been an emergence of scholarly interests in liberal republicanism, as manifested through the recent articles of social scientists and journalists in Korean society. Although most social scientists in South Korea believe classical or liberal republicanism is an intellectual tradition that is remote from their experiences, sociopolitical problems driven by the neoliberal changes of Korean society have gradually made them take it into consideration without hesitation. Focusing on this newly emergent scholarly circumstance in South Korea, this article aims at analyzing sociopolitical problems begging scholarly attention to liberal republicanism in South Korea, and searching for political principles that shed light on the intrinsic values of liberal republicanism rather than its instrumental values for realizing other political ideals. Specifically, I develop two arguments. First, juxtaposing a set of sociopolitical problems with alternative choices in classical or liberal republicanism, I claim that classical or liberal republicanism can be an alternative to neoliberalism and its varieties in Korean context. Second, criticizing scholarly attempts regarding liberal republicanism as an instrument, I argue that reciprocal nondomination shaped through intrinsic values in liberal republicanism can be a regulative principle by which democratic citizenship in the era of neoliberalism can be supplemented with liberal- republican core values, such as shared responsibility, nondominational state, and patriotism without exclusivity.


The electromagnetic models that the flexible coil probe tests complex curved surface conductors with defect and without defect by the method of eddy current testing are established in this paper.The voltage and the impedance of the flexible coil probe when testing the conductor with defect and without defect are simulated and analyzed.The simulation results show that the reactance signal is sensitive to the defect.The flexible coil probe and the testing system suitable for the defect detection in the curved surface structure are designed,in which the impedance analysis method is adopted for defect analysis.


Objective To study the operative management of complicated renal stones. Methods The clinical data of complicated renal stones treated by surgery in 56 patients were reviewed. Results Fifty-five patients underwent nephrolithotomies, the function of affected kidney improved in variable degrees. A nephrectomy was done for one patient with pyonephrosis. Conclusion Blocking the renal artery under hypothermia, and drainage both internal and external for nephrolithotomy have the advantages of little intraoperative bleeding, high stone-clearance rate, slight impairment of renal function and less complications.


This research paper aims to assess the performance of Flutter, a cross-platform development framework, as compared to other widely-used web development frameworks like ReactJS for developing web applications. The study will analyse the advantages and limitations of each framework with respect to cross-platform compatibility, development time, and community support. The research aims to provide significant insights to web developers seeking to build efficient and user-friendly cross-platform web applications. By comparing the frameworks' performance, this research will offer valuable guidance for selecting the most suitable framework for developing high-performing cross-platform web applications


We give a new systematic analysis of disturbance decoupling problems for standard linear time-invariant systems based on the theory of matrix pencils. This approach is based on the computation of condensed forms under orthogonal equivalence transformations. From these forms, which can be computed in a numerically stable way, we obtain new necessary and sufficient conditions that are numerically verifiable, and, furthermore, we immediately obtain numerically stable algorithms to compute the desired compensators. We present a numerical example that demonstrates the properties of the new approach.


A series of new monoazo disperse dyes derived from 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline have been

synthesized The six novel monoazo disperse dyes were synthesized by diazotisation of 3-

chloro-4-fluoroaniline and coupling with 1 -naphthylamine, 6-methoxy-2-naphthol, Nphenylnaphthylamine,

3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and 2-naphthol. The dye

structures were eluciated by chemical analyses and spectral methods. The solvatochromic

behaviour of these monoazo dyes in various solvents was evaluated.


1 Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, Mechanical and Civil Engineering Department , University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722. Email: email@example.com. Figure 1—Pumping of Expansive Epoxy in the Wall Epoxy materials have been used in the past in the preservation of old masonry systems including brick masonry buildings. For the most part, the traditional technique consists of applying epoxy to seal the porosity of the masonry units or to make the masonry more watertight and therefore more resistant to the effects of the environment. To a lesser extent epoxy has been used to restore the strength of masonry systems. In the project reported herein, a new type of epoxy formulation was tested to determine its potential for structural retrofitting and strengthening of existing brick masonry buildings.


This paper takes green landscape cultural ecological city theory and green living environment theory as the guide, improving the ecological quality as the goal, sustainability as the development strategy. The paper makes an analysis of building green landscape and cultural ecological protection system from three aspects, studies cultural of waterfront landscape in Gansu and artistic elements of Dunhuang. The aim of this research is to build clear, well-structured urban landscape of Gansu, effectively enhancing cultural of urban landscape of Gansu and finally creating a good environment for the social and economic development in Gansu Province. 1. Role of Gansu Province City's Cultural Soft Power Construction Gansu climatic conditions and limited water resources make the developments of the quality of the urban environment and urban transition tourism city be uncoordinated . Environmental problems have become more obvious, population growth, traffic congestion, air pollution, and so on ecological environmental problems manifested in varying degrees, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the city of Gansu. Currently, the lack of Gansu province city, the original variety of zoning organic coordination among themselves, cannot meet the ecological landscape construction process integrated development of land and water resources, efficient use and protection needs. Urban landscape and cultural soft power has become an important factor to measure the status of urban civilization and the modern city, how to use the limited urban land resources to achieve rational distribution of urban green landscape and cultural systems, to optimize the soft power of landscape spatial structure, reflecting the local culture is the city's soft power system fully and efficiently play its ecological and social benefits, it is very important. For building a tourist city, Gansu province city shall use hard power as base and soft power as attractive and appealing of the city. Urban culture and its building of soft power is an important aspect that should be indispensable. In recent years, Gansu province city' tourism relying on the rich resources of cultural landscape gained rapid development. However, in terms of life-cycle theory of Gansu province city tourism image is still in the development stage, the first image perception is not clear; secondly is the tourism market has a low degree of recognition on the image and lack uniqueness. Therefore, Gansu urban landscape and cultural soft power research has important theoretical and practical significance. This article from Gansu province city landscape and cultural soft power to enhance the strategic point of view, discuss preliminary observations. 2. The Problem of Enhancing the Soft Power of Gansu Province City Cityscape cultural soft power is the value of urban living systems and their symbolic form of specific human community to the outside presents flexible attraction and appeal [3]. Beauty of a Gansu province city contains a "weather, geography, history, customs, architecture, art" and "all beauty is ready" and "a collection of beauty." Mention of Gansu, people always think of beef noodles, carved gourds, clay art, sheepskin raft, paper cutting arts and so on. I assume the study process of the young science research projects in Gansu Jiaotong University, "Enhancement of Gansu province disaster mitigation capacity building of cities green culture protection system", basing on the relevant theory collect a variety of data, obtained in cooperation with relevant departments to collect profiles of Gansu province city area, including collection of natural 2018 International Conference on Arts, Linguistics, Literature and Humanities (ICALLH 2018) Copyright © (2018) Francis Academic Press, UK 147 conditions, socio-economic conditions and cultural science and technology information. Do related researches Basing on logical analysis, by comparison with the analogy, abstraction and generalization method, analysis and synthesis method, inductive and deductive logic, such as specific methods to explore the interior of the regularity of the urban landscape and cultural soft Gansu in-depth study of the strength of the system. Through on-site and site visits to gather information, the paper will determine public satisfaction survey focused on studies of Gansu province city waterfront landscape and cultural. Summarize Experience of the problems and achievements and success for the production of a detailed questionnaire conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data, the urban landscape of Gansu province city's cultural soft power system for research and demonstration. Follows. 2.1 Green Network System is Not Perfect Gansu Yellow River along the transport routes and forest green corridor landscape, patchy shelter, and not to scale systems, urban green spaces did not meet the ecological protection because of not forming network, poor connectivity and low road green coverage rate. Due to the low road green coverage rate of the city, difficult to form a green corridor and connect the city flake of green area, Ecological benefits of urban green space cannot play very well. Both sides of the river runs through the city, building densely, near the river, lack of covering vegetation, coupled with the river within the city limits and many more rigid construction materials lining, self-purification capacity of water bodies weak, waterfront natural ecological environment has been completely destroyed, the basic loss the river the role of biological corridor. Due to the lag of network construction of city green space, the city residents rarely use green space, and social benefit is low. 2.2 Urban Landscape Regional Characteristics are Not Distinctive Enough Urban landscape culture from the traditional damage results in reduced recognition and the lack of culture characteristics of urban landscape, hinders the sustainable development of the city. Urban landscape is often associated with the famous buildings, such as Beijing's Tiananmen square, the Imperial Palace and the Wangfujing street, Shanghai's Bund, the "Oriental Pearl" TV Tower and the Nanjing Road, Xi'an's big wild goose pagoda and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, which have become signs and symbols of the city [4]. Gansu is the only one in the Yellow River through the city. Based on skeleton of "two mountains and a river", only Zhongshan bridge is famous for its strong local characteristics and profound history. However, the whole city is still a lack of landmark region of high grade culture, distinctive local characteristics. 2.3 The Shaping of Urban Landscape Lack Ecological Consciousness and Humanistic Care Gansu is relatively sensitive ecological area in ecological function zoning of Gansu province. Taking biodiversity and habitat as the main sensitive factors, it faces that problem that plant species is single and community structure is monotonous, unreasonable phenomenon in the construction of green landscape of cultural soft power, which is not conducive to the improvement of the ecological environment and sustainable development. Currently, urban Construction has too much emphasis on display and visual form to beautify the urban environment. Urban ecological environment quality also affects the degree of interference between the city, so it has a high demand on the protection forest system. At present, in Gansu the rate of forest coverage is low, mainly displays in: "Forest patches" and "Lin Lang" have no size; protection forest is not perfect. With the development of the city, the highway traffic had a serious impact on the ecological environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment, natural landscape. Most protection system on both sides do not become dimensions. On both sides of the railway forest is sparse, landscape is poor and protection ability is weak. 3. Countermeasures of Improving Soft Power in Gansu 3.1 Ecological Protection System Construction of Green Culture Landscape in Gansu Ecological landscape emphasizes the mutual relationship between the level of process and


The traditional approach of using USDA disappearance data as a proxy for per capita consumption in estimating retail demand elasticities for meats results in biased elasticity estimates. A new procedure for obtaining unbiased estimates is developed that does not impose the assumption of fixed proportions technology in the processing sector.


Microbial fermentation was the mainly method to product L-leucine presently.Improving the strain production of L-leucine by breeding high-yielding strains is helpful for shortening of the gap with foreign production and improving our international competitiveness with foreign.This paper stated the methods of L-leucine production,regulation of biosynthesis enzymes,transporter and leucine responsive protein,and the research evolution of the breeding of L-leucine hyper-producter were summarized at home and abroad.


Major issues of urban drainage are to cope with flooding caused by torrential downpour and water pollution caused by washing load from non-point sources. To reduce the damage of flooding, large-scale trunk sewer and pumping stations are constructed in large Japanese cities. To reduce the damage due to water pollution, these sewerage systems should have additional functions of storage and treatment of the washing load. In such a case, pump operation has key roles for reduction of damages. To obtain the optimal policy of such operation, many types of optimization method have been proposed. Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is an excellent method of obtaining the optimal operation policy. Most SDP models assume the state variables such as storage volumes are perfectly observable. However, for actual operation, construction of the observation system to observe state variables perfectly is difficult. Therefore, these facilities should be controlled under imperfect information. The research in this field is not so advanced though such problems are thought to be important in a city, which has many such facilities. The paper shows formulation of such optimal control under imperfect (partially observed) information by using a SDP model.


In this paper, lamb wave acoustic (LWA) devices based on ZnO/Si plate of 30-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> thickness have been fabricated. Devices with four different designs having acoustic wavelengths of 20, 40, 60, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$80~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been fabricated to study its effect on the acoustic velocity for both the lowest order antisymmetric (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and symmetric (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) modes. The variation in effective phase difference in all the fabricated LWA devices is studied. An optimum device design is identified with appropriate distance between centers of the input and output IDTs to obtain a phase difference of 180° in antisymmetric and symmetric modes. The obtained phase difference of 180° is very critical in fabricating an oscillator for realization of wireless sensor devices. LWA devices offer high sensitivity to mass loading and thus hold tremendous potential for chemical sensing applications.


A case of solitary tuberculoma of the liver is presented with a review of 18 cases reported in the Japanese literature. A 60-year-old female was admitted, complaining of fever and right hypochondriac discomfort. Abdominal CT and ultrasonographic imaging revealed a tumor located in S4 and S8 of the liver. Hepatic angiography also demonstrated a tumor shadow with mild vascularity and tumor stain, suggestive of hepatoma. Hepatic resection of S2, S3, S4, and S8 was performed. Pathological examination of the resected specimen disclosed non-caseous granuloma and acid-fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A survey of the 18 cases revealed the following features: The age distribution was biphasic with peaks at 20 and 40 years. The sex distribution was equal. Fever, abdominal pain, and mass were commonly encountered as clinical manifestations. Only three of the 18 cases were diagnosed correctly and two of these three cases underwent echo-guided needle biopsy. In 15 cases, surgical resection was performed and in only one was chemotherapy alone administered. Recovery was good and neither recurrence nor death was reported. Difficulties in the imaging diagnosis and the efficacy of echo-guided needle biopsy were emphasized.


ABSTRACT: Let X be a, possibly not reduced, analytic space of pure dimension n. I will discuss intrinsic notions of smooth forms, currents and the dbar-equation on X . I will indicate how one, by means of integral formulas, under suitable conditions on the right hand side can solve the ∂equation. In this way, one can also define fine sheaves Ak of (0,k)-currents, k = 0, . . . ,n, that admit a resolution of the structure sheaf O X . The sheaves Ak coincide with the sheaves of smooth forms generically on X ; more precisely, where the underlying reduced space is smooth and O X is CohenMacaulay. This is a joint work, in progress, with Richard Larkang.


The concept of DPS (Digital Power System) is firstly brought forward in 2000. With thedevelopment of mobile communication,this paper comes up with the idea of MPS(Mobile Power System),establishing the power system applications with the dexterous mobile handset and the increasingly perfect Web. Two kinds of fictitious strategies, i.e. the system programs reside in mobile equipment or run in server and objective browser of equipment,and one concrete implementation of application instance are conceived. The concept of MPS may improve both expansibility and opening of power system applications.


This study investigates the key issues in the fabrication of CdTe solar cells on metallic substrates, their trends, and characteristics as well as effects on solar cell performance. Previous research works are reviewed while the successes, potentials, and problems of such technology are highlighted. Flexible solar cells offer several advantages in terms of production, cost, and application over glass-based types. Of all the metals studied as substrates for CdTe solar cells, molybdenum appears the most favorable candidate, while close spaced sublimation (CSS), electrodeposition (ED), magnetic sputtering (MS), and high vacuum thermal evaporation (HVE) have been found to be most common deposition technologies used for CdTe on metal foils. The advantages of these techniques include large grain size (CSS), ease of constituent control (ED), high material incorporation (MS), and low temperature process (MS, HVE, ED). These invert-structured thin film CdTe solar cells, like their superstrate counterparts, suffer from problems of poor ohmic contact at the back electrode. Thus similar strategies are applied to minimize this problem. Despite the challenges faced by flexible structures, efficiencies of up to 13.8% and 7.8% have been achieved in superstrate and substrate cell, respectively. Based on these analyses, new strategies have been proposed for obtaining cheaper, more efficient, and viable flexible CdTe solar cells of the future.