In the wake of a 2014 wildfire that destroyed 150 homes in Weed, CA, Great Northern Services, a non-governmental organization, reached out to Cal Poly with a constructivist-learning opportunity. In response, students were recruited into an interdisciplinary studio where teams competed to design work-force housing for a new subdivision. The winning design advanced to the detailed planning stage. A separate trio of construction management students designed their senior projects around producing shop drawings, procuring materials, organizing equipment, prefabricating the winning design's exterior walls and shipping them to the site. This case study documents the process and the lessons learned. In the end, two indicators of experiential learning, eight indicators of discovery learning, one indicator of problem-based learning, and one indicator of spiral learning were documented. Future research initiatives could quantify the efficacy of each constructivist variant; disaggregate these learning opportunities into smaller constructs with the potential to reach more students; and contemplate means of incorporating those potentials into either traditional classes or into integrated labs.


ness," Dr. Sinclair, preaching on " Christ the Healer," paid an eloquent tribute to the medical profession. Dr. Sinclair's sermon was powerful and manly, and the quotations from our Special Supplement last week were well selected and forcibly put, and the whole of the vast congregation were visibly impressed. The collections, too, were, we hear, nearly 50 per cent, better than in former years.] He said there is no art or calling more characteristic of our Lord, or more congenial to His will, than that of the healer. When animated by His spirit, there is none that is nobler, or that


Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used in many fields as a high sensitivity spectroscopic technique. SERS involves local amplification of the electromagnetic field in close proximity to metal nanostructures. Therefore, the morphology of nanoscale structures greatly affects SERS spectroscopy. We carried out modification of the morphology of vapor-deposited Au thin films by plasma etching to form islandlike structures for the development of SERS-active substrates. The modified Au films were evaluated by atomic force microscopy and finite-difference time-domain simulation. The islands on plasma-etched Au films had finer structures because of the collisions of high-energy ions. Furthermore, the island size on the plasma-etched films was almost independent of the film thickness from 5 to 30 nm. When the film thickness decreased below ∼5 nm, many small islands were generated. Due to small islands, active sites where the electric field was enhanced significantly increased. From the results of SERS spectroscopy, it was found that SERS intensities by the film, which had a large number of small islands, are strongly enhanced. We concluded that the thinner Au film with thickness below ∼5 nm was the most suitable for SERS spectroscopy.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used in many fields as a high sensitivity spectroscopic technique. SERS involves local amplification of the electromagnetic field in close proximity to metal nanostructures. Therefore, the morphology of nanoscale structures greatly affects SERS spectroscopy. We carried out modification of the morphology of vapor-deposited Au thin films by plasma etching to form islandlike structures for the development of SERS-active substrates. The modified Au films were evaluated by atomic force microscopy and finite-difference time-domain simulation. The islands on plasma-etched Au films had finer structures because of the collisions of high-energy ions. Furthermore, the island size on the plasma-etched films was almost independent of the film thickness from 5 to 30 nm. When the film thickness decreased below ∼5 nm, many small islands were generated. Due to small islands, active sites where the electric field was enhanced significantly increased. From the results of SER...


The availability, quality and accessibility of Geographic Information (GI) have significant socio‐economic and environmental benefits, but the collection and maintenance of GI require substantial investments. Cost‐benefit assessments (CBAs) attempt to justify the costs of geospatial data investments, applying different methodologies and focusing on diverse areas. Therefore, the Returns on Investment (ROI) vary considerably across studies, regions and sectors. The objective of this study is to explain some of the variation in the average ROI of GI by conducting a meta‐analysis of 82 cost‐benefit assessments between 1994 and 2013. In a first step, CBAs are systematically reviewed and relevant information is extracted. Particular emphasis is given to investment conditions and study characteristics. In a second step, multivariate regression methods are used to assess the size, significance and direction of individual effects. The results suggest that regional factors have the largest impact on the profitability of GI. Returns in Australia and New Zealand, for example, are four times larger than in Europe. In addition, small‐scale regional investments have a 2.5 times lower return than large‐scale international investments. Overall, the expected benefits of GI investments are approximately 3.2 times larger than the costs.


Abstract Food allergies, including kiwi fruit allergy, have been the subject of extensive research in the last few years. The aim of this study was to examine a possible relationship between the developmental stage of kiwi fruit and its allergenic potency. The protein and allergen patterns of kiwi fruit extracts in September, October, November and December fruit in the period from 2000–2002 were analysed. One of the factors that may contribute to the difficulties in proposing well-defined and standardized fruit extracts should also be the time of fruit harvesting. In this particular case, when the kiwi fruit was edible throughout November and December, we showed discrepancies in allergen content and potencies both in qualitative and quantitative terms. Two major allergens of kiwi fruit, Act c 1 and Act c 2, mainly accounted for the highest allergenic potential of November kiwi extract in vivo and in vitro. Not only the content of major allergens, but also the ratio of different proteins and even isoforms of the same allergen (Act c 2) change with fruit ripening. These findings should be taken into account during preparation of extracts for allergy diagnosis.


Function Point model is the international standard method to measure the software size which is one of the most important factors to determine the software development cost. Function paint model can successfully be applied only when the detailed specification of users' requirements is available, In the domestic public sector, however, the budgeting for software projects is carried out before the requirements of softwares are specified in detail. Therefore, an efficient function point estimation method is required to apply function paint model at the early stage of software development projects.
The purpose of this paper is to compare various function point estimation methods and analyse their accuracies in domestic software projects. We consider four methods: NESMA model, ISBSG model, the simplified function point model and the backfiring method. The methods are applied to about one hundred of domestic projects, and their estimation errors are compared. The results can used as a criterion to select an adequate estimation model for function point counts


The invention discloses a semi-automatic loading device of barrelled water. The semi-automatic loading device of the barrelled water comprises a base, a first top plate, a shear fork device, a lifting device, a turnover device, a mechanical paw, a movable rod and a U-type mechanism. Due to the arrangement of the mechanical paw, the lifting device, the turnover device, the base and the shear fork device, the full process from carrying to installation of the barrelled water is achieved, a front wheel and a rear wheel are arranged on the base, the front wheel is a universal wheel, the aims of saving time and labor and conveniently carrying and installing the barreled water can be achieved, the plurality of disadvantageous factors of manually carrying barrelled water can be solved, the structure is simple, the mechanical operation is convenient and safe, the labor intensity of workers is relieved, and the dangerousness in the carrying process is reduced. The device is convenient to operate and suitable for being used by various kinds of crowds such as the old, children and the crowd with the poor physical power and various occasions, and well solves the problems that according to an existing barrelled water conveying and installation device, the operation is complex, the working efficiency is low, and the device can not be moved.


The invention discloses an anti-ultraviolet heat insulation car film which comprises a PET composite film and an ETFE film layer, wherein the part between the PET composite film and the ETFE film layer is coated with anti-ultraviolet heat insulation slurry, and the parts between the anti-ultraviolet heat insulation slurry and the two layers of films are coated with adhesive. The anti-ultraviolet heat insulation slurry contains an ultraviolet absorbent and heat insulation ingredients such as nanoscale metal oxides, both the PET film and the ETFE film are transparent materials, and the ETFE film has heat preservation performance, so that the anti-ultraviolet heat insulation car film can absorb ultraviolet light and prevent external temperature from influencing in-car temperature.


In this study, a new battery of phonological awareness tasks designed for French-speaking preschoolers was developed and tested. In Experiment 1, a cross-sectional design showed that a combination of seven phonological awareness tasks accurately described developmental differences in phonological awareness between 4 and 5 years-olds, but was too diffi cult for 3 year-olds. Four of the initial tasks (rhyme judgment, initial consonant categorization, syllable segmentation, and syllable deletion) were then selected to form the "Epreuve prescolaire de conscience phonologique" (EPCP). In Experiment 2, a pretest-posttest design including a control and an experimental group showed that the EPCP could effectively measure phonological awareness gains due to a speech-language therapy intervention in 4- to 5-year-olds. The EPCP has the potential to become a useful tool for researchers and clinicians working with Frenchspeaking preschoolers in the area of emergent literacy.


Piety and Philanthropy cannot very well be divorced in medieval Islam, but by observing the Moslem hospitals and other institutions of charity and social welfare it is seen quite clearly that the idea of public assistance had developed beyond what piety alone could have produced. A discriminating and comprehensive consideration of the necessity of public assistance and social welfare, beyond mere religiosity, may be said to have been responsible for the qııality and quantity of the hospitals of Islam. Moreover, the humanitarian features of the Islamic medieval hospital must not be allowed to eclipse its high medical standing per se. The hospital was one of the most developed institutions of medieval Islam and one of the highwater marks of the Moslem civilization. The hospitals of medieval Islam were hospitals in the modern sense of the word. In them the best available medical knowledge was put to practice. They were specialized institutions. Unlike the Byzantine hospitals, they did not have a mixed function of which the treatment of the sick was only one part.


Several extensions of the total least squares (TLS) method that are able to calculate a structured rank deficient approximation of a data matrix have been developed. The main result of this article is the demonstration of the equivalence of two of these approaches, namely, the constrained total least squares (CTLS) approach and the structured total least squares (STLS) approach. We also present a numerical comparison of both methods.


Production status,manufacture process,technical progress and development prospect of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber(SSBR) in China were introduced.The application,consumption struction and the development trend of SSBR in China were analysed.Some suggestions on the development of SSBR in China were put forward.


Background: The decision to give adjuvant therapy after endoscopic resection (ER) of T1b esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in those who are not surgical candidates is largely based on a lesion's risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, risk factors for LNM in esophageal T1b EAC are not clearly defined. The aim is to evaluate risk factors for LNM in T1b EAC patients who underwent esophagectomy or ER with ≥5 years of follow-up post-procedurally.
 Methods: This is a retrospective analysis completed at a large tertiary referral center. Patients who underwent esophagectomy or ER with ≥5 years follow-up, with histologically proven T1b EAC between 2010 and 2017 were included. LNM was considered positive with histologically or radiologically confirmed metastasis in esophagectomy specimens or within 5 years of follow-up post-ER.
 Results: Forty patients (median age 69 years; 85% males) formed the study cohort of which 36 patients (90.0%) underwent esophagectomy and 4 patients who were not surgical candidates underwent ER. Seven (17.5%) patients developed LNM per study criteria. Tumor size was significantly (P=0.019) associated with the risk of LNM, and the optimal threshold at which tumor size as associated with metastasis was 3 cm. No other risk factors including lymphovascular invasion, differentiation on pathology, or infiltration growth pattern were associated with LNM.
 Conclusions: In T1b EAC, tumor size greater than 3 cm is the variable with the most potential as a risk factor for metastasis following surgical or ER. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in patients with tumor size greater than 3 cm.


Seroma or lymphocele remains the most common complication after mastectomy and lymphadenectomy for breast cancer. Many different techniques are available to prevent this complication. We searched MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for publications addressing the issue of prevention of lymphocele or seroma after mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy. Quality was assessed using a standardised tool. Incidence of seroma or lymphocele were collected. Fifteen randomized controlled trials including a total of 1,766 patients undergoing radical mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy for breast cancer were retrieved. The incidence of lymphocele or seroma in the study population was 24.2% (411/1698): 25.2% (232/920) in the test groups and 23.0% (179/778) in the control groups. Neither modification of surgical technique (RR= 0.86; 95%CI [0.72, 1.03]) nor application of a medical treatment (RR= 0.96; 95%CI [0.72, 1.29]) was effective in preventing lymphocele. On the contrary, decreasing the drainage time increased the risk of lymphocele (RR= 1.88; 95%CI [1.43, 2.48). To conclude, despite the heterogeneity of study designs, drainage appears to be the most effective technique.


Early chemical desympathisation with 6-hydroxydopamine decreased the contents of the follicle-stimulating hormone in the blood serum of 1-month old rats. The steroidogenesis disturbances were more obvious in sexually immature rats in the general desympathisation. In sexually mature rats, these disturbances disappeared. Sympathetic innervation seems to play a major part in development of the reproductive system in rats.


The effective-one-body theory (EOB) describes the conservative dynamics of compact binary systems in terms of an effective Hamiltonian approach. The Hamiltonian for moderately eccentric motion of two nonspinning compact objects in the extreme mass-ratio limit is given in terms of three potentials: a(v), d¯(v), q(v). By generalizing the first law of mechanics for (nonspinning) black hole binaries to eccentric orbits, [A. Le Tiec, Phys. Rev. D 92, 084021 (2015).] recently obtained new expressions for d¯(v) and q(v) in terms of quantities that can be readily computed using the gravitational self-force approach. Using these expressions we present a new computation of the EOB potential q(v) by combining results from two independent numerical self-force codes. We determine q(v) for inverse binary separations in the range 1/1200?v?1/6. Our computation thus provides the first-ever strong-field results for q(v). We also obtain d¯(v) in our entire domain to a fractional accuracy of ?10-8. We find that our results are compatible with the known post-Newtonian expansions for d¯(v) and q(v) in the weak field, and agree with previous (less accurate) numerical results for d¯(v) in the strong field.


Nova Scotia's forested landscapes are degraded and under stress. As the province moves toward an ecological forestry management approach, land managers need more complete information about the relative biodiversity value of various habitats in landscapes that they manage to fully assess conservation consequences of different management options. To begin assessing the relative conservation value of different forest types, we surveyed bird communities in 18 forested wetlands (wooded bogs, tall shrub swamps, and treed swamps), mature upland forest stands, and regenerating upland forest stands in western Nova Scotia during the breeding season in 2017 and 2018. There were distinct differences among the bird communities in each forest type. Bird species diversity, overall abundance, and abundance of several guilds and species of conservation concern were higher in forested wetlands than in mature and regenerating upland forests. Bogs and shrub swamps had the highest number of species with strong habitat affinities, but treed swamps and mature sites had unique suites of strongly associated species and guilds — several of conservation concern. Regenerating sites were occupied mainly by forest-edge species and conservation value was low. Our study highlights the importance of forested wetlands to bird conservation and supports the idea that forested wetlands are avian diversity hotspots.


Introduction. Background to a Termination Action. Legal Issues in Termination of Parental Rights. National Legislation and Case Analysis. Ethical Considerations in Parental Fitness and Related Evaluations. Assessment of Birth Parents, Foster Parents, and Other Potential Caretakers. Assessment of Children's Psychological and Attachment Profiles. Special Situations. Theory Review. Empirical Research and Clinical Studies. Standards for Expert Testimony. Cross-Examination Questions and Answers. Illustrative Cases I. Illustrative Cases II: Analysis of the Baby Jessica Case.


The basic physics of unsteady Hele-Shaw flow at high Reynolds numbers is mainly studied by an experimental measurement. In order to confirm the Darcy′s law in Hele-Shaw cell, since there is an analogy between flow in cells and that in porous media, progressive water waves are utilized to build an unsteady flow in a Hele-Shaw cell, and which complex wave number is measured by a wave height gauge. Meanwhile, theoretical analyses are used to compare with experimental data. Result shows Darcy′s Law is not exactly correct for unsteady Hele-Shaw flows, and it is expected to conduct a modified Darcy′s Law.


The development of micro processor based relays is an inevitable trend of the development of relay protection.Is its mode of design the same as that of the traditional relay ? The paper presents a new mode in designing micro-processor based preducts-the modular designing of relay.With many superiorities and feasibilities,this mode is a must for micro processor based relays.


It is well known that the wave function of a spin 5 particle is represented by the symmetric spinor of rank 25, namely the Bargmann-Wigner spinor.n However this is more conveniently represented by a tensor-spinor. ·" Here of course we mean the Lorentz tensor of rank [s] and the Dirac spinor of rank 2(s), where 4 ) (s) =5 [5]. Next we recall the definition of the Lorentz spin tensor Here we use x-',=xl'~ Cx. ict). Namely


The transient climate response (TCR), transient warming for a doubling of CO2, contributes the biggest uncertainty to estimates of the carbon budgets consistent with the Paris targets. In the IPCC 5th Assessment Report (AR5), the stated ‘likely’ range of TCR was given as 1.0 to 2.5K, with a central estimate which was broadly consistent with the ensemble mean of the CMIP5 Earth System Models (ESMs) available at the time (1.8 +/- 0.4 K) . Many of the latest CMIP6 ESMs have larger climate sensitivities, with 6 of 23 models having TCR values above 2.5 K, and an ensemble mean TCR of 2.1 +/- 0.4 K. On the face of it, these latest ESM results suggest that the IPCC likely range of TCRE may need revising upwards, which would cast further doubt on the feasibility of the Paris targets.

We analyse the CMIP6 models through an emergent constraint approach which relates the value of TCR to the global warming from 1970 onwards. We confirm a consistent emergent constraint on TCR when we apply the same method to CMIP5 model. Our emergent constraint on TCR benefits from both the large range of TCR values across the CMIP6 models, and also from the extension of the historical simulations into a period when the uncertain changes in aerosol forcing have had a far less significant impact on the trend in global warming.

We show that rather than increasing the uncertainty in climate sensitivity, the CMIP6 models help to further constrain the likely range of TCR to 1.5-2.2 K. In CMIP6, diagnosed emissions at carbon doubling was found to be independent of TCR, so that a constraint on TCR directly leads to a constrained estimate of TCRE, with a likely range of 1.3 – 2.0 K per EgC.


Auto- Disturbance- Rejection- Control(ADRC) controller is widely used in engineering field.ADRC tuning problem is a main difficult point of applying it.The performance of ADRC depends on tuning and optimization.The tuning problem is recast into a multi- objective optimal problem.We introduce a new Hybrid optimization algorithm for tuning and optimal ADRC,which integrate with MATLAB.The Hybrid optimization algorithm is based on Nonlinear Least Squares and NSGA- Ⅱ.The parameters of nonlinear ESO ADRC and LADRC are tuned.The result of simulation indicates the multi- objective Hybrid optimization algorithm is effective for tuning ADRC parameters.The good performance of ADRC is shown in the simulation.


Information on the occurrence of invasive species in towns of the Republic of Karelia is provided. In total, 47 invasive species have been recorded. The number of neophytes varies widely among towns – from 14 species in the youngest Town of Kostomuksha to 43 species in the largest City of Petrozavodsk. Invasive species have colonized all major types of natural and semi-natural biotopes occurring in towns of Karelia. The highest invasibility is characteristic of forests (including forest margins) and meadows; shores, banks, and rocky biotopes have somewhat lower invasibility; mires, aquatic and coastal habitats were invaded by two species each.


The Space Interferometer Mission (SIM) will provide a census of planetary systems by con- ducting a broad survey of 2,000 stars that will be sensitive to the presence of planets with masses as small as approx. 15 Earth masses (1 Uranus mass) and a deep survey of approx. 250 of the nearest, stars with a mass limit of approx.3 Earth masses. The broad survey will include stars spanning a wide range of ages, spectral types, metallicity, and other important parameters. Within this larger context, the Young Stars and Planets Key Project will study approx. 200 stars with ages from 1 Myr to 100 Myr to understand the formation and dynamical evolution of gas giant planets. The SIM Young Stars and Planets Project will investigate both the frequency of giant planet formation and the early dynamical history of planetary systems. We will gain insight into how common the basic architecture of our solar system is compared with recently discovered systems with close-in giant planets by examining 200 of the nearest (less than 150 pc) and youngest (1-100 Myr) solar-type stars for planets. The sensitivity of the survey for stars located 140 pc away is shown in the planet mass-separation plane. We expect to find anywhere from 10 (assuming that only the presently known fraction of stars. 5-7%, has planets) to 200 (all young stars have planets) planetary systems. W-e have set our sensitivity threshold to ensure the detection of Jupiter-mass planets in the critical orbital range of 1 to 5 AU. These observations, when combined with the results of planetary searches of mature stars, will allow us to test theories of planetary formation and early solar system evolution. By searching for planets around pre-main sequence stars carefully selected to span an age range from 1 to 100 Myr, we will learn a t what epoch and with what frequency giant planets are found at the water-ice snowline where they are expected to form. This will provide insight into the physical mechanisms by which planets form and migrate from their place of birth, and about their survival rate. With these data in hand, we will provide data, for the first time, on such important questions as: What processes affect the formation and dynamical evolution of planets? When and where do planets form? What is initial mass distribution of planetary systems around young stars? How might planets be destroyed? What is the origin of the eccentricity of planetary orbits? What is the origin of the apparent dearth of companion objects between planets and brown dwarfs seen in mature stars? The observational strategy is a compromise between the desire to extend the planetary mass function as low as possible and the essential need to build up sufficient statistics on planetary occurrence. About half of the sample will be used to address the "where" and "when" of planet formation. We will study classical T Tauri stars (cTTs) which have massive accretion disks and post- accretion, weak-lined T Tauri stars (wTTs). Preliminary estimates suggest the sample will consist of approx. 30% cTTs and approx. 70% wTTs, driven in part by the difficulty of making accurate astrometric measurements toward objects with strong variability or prominent disks.


Human keratinocytes were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz RF field for 60 minutes. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to examine global changes in gene expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as having adjusted p value ≤ 0.05 and absolute fold change ≥ 1.3. We used gene enrichment analysis and functional annotation clustering via DAVID Bioinformatics Resources to analyze pathways and gene sets enriched in DEGs. Numerous gene sets related to keratinocyte differentiation and development were enriched in the RF exposed cells.


We have demonstrated a new microfluidic device for active sample flow focusing and the formation of micro-scale droplets in liquids application utilizing a novel controllable moving wall structure. The integration of two microfluidic components including the active microchannel width controller and micro chopper devices onto the chip device could be used to obtain the active flow focusing effect of the sample flow and micro-droplets formation. Three pneumatic side-chambers were placed next to the micro sample flow channel to construct the controllable moving wall structure, and the deformation of the moving wall structure can be used to control the sample stream width and cut the focused sample flow into micro-droplets. Experimental data show that the sample flow could be focused into smaller width and well-controlled micro-droplets with smaller diameter could be generated by utilizing low air pressure.


This study evaluated the role of epilepsy-related factors, such as etiological variability, sex and age, on general intellectual functions among Nigerian children with epilepsy. Sixty epileptic children (38 males and 22 females) with a mean age of 12.9 years (SD= 2.9 years) were randomly selected from a population of epileptic children attending the Outpatient Neurology Clinic at Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro, Abeokuta. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) was administered. The result showed that 73.4% of the epileptic children had mental retardation, borderline and low average IQ level which, in some way, corresponded to general intellectual impairment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that etiological variability independently predicted Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Full Scale IQ among the epileptic children. Furthermore, sex independently predicted Performance IQ of the epileptic children. This study emphasised a significant joint prediction of etiological variability, sex and age on Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and Full Scale IQ among the epileptic children. In conclusions, etiological variability and sex are important predictors of general intellectual functions. This research will enhance the understanding of those epileptic children who are in danger of developmental impairment so that treatment methods can be developed.


the end of the 17th Century, moral literature aimed at the feminine population continued. No longer at its peak, it still contemplated the appearance of publications destined to the salvation of souls, essentially those of the neediest – women – who were considered more «fragile». Among them, around 1670, a minor work with a significant title appeared: «Very necessary news that all must know so that the way to heaven is smooth for them, since by not knowing and observing them, being capable, an endless number of souls have been condemned, particularly of ladies and other women».
 The author, Pedro de Jesus, represented the continuation of the misogynistic currents so commonplace among the moralists, preachers and confessors of that day. His message was the existence of a selective morality – specifically destined to correct feminine sins – of Judaic tradition and origins, newly impelled since the medieval era. At heart, a specific morality that the Baroque culture would attempt to preserve in its eagerness to ratify the basic values of the social system: the inequality of the social order and that between men and women.


Methods of management to allocate transportation costs: a case study for milk collection This dissertation had the objective to study methods of transport cost allocation on milk collection in order to deepening and debating about several ways usually used and new ways to proceed the allocation, such as Activity Based Costing methodology. Methodologies traditionally used consider volume or distance to allocate costs to farmers generating distortions that penalize some farmers and benefit others in many cases. This has happened because traditional methodologies do not require knowledge about logistic process of milk collection to be applied. However, the Activity Based Costing methodology contributes to cost allocation process by taking into account variables as volume, distance and time. In addiction, the ABC methodology has managerial function by demanding a well-known logistic process allowing, in this way, to identify the most costly activities. The comparison between traditional methodologies and ABC methodology took place through a case study applied to Cooperativa dos Produtores Agropecuários de São Pedro – COOPAMSP, that had 46 farmers producing milk in three routes (L1, L2 and L3), in the period of time that was considered. The results obtained by comparison between cooperative's methodology, that allocates costs in direct proportion to volume, and ABC methodology are emphasized. The methodology used by the cooperative allocates the highest costs to the more efficient route (L1) in aid of less efficient farmers (L2 and L3). That distortion does not happen when ABC methodology is used.


Implicating oneself in oppression provokes uncertainty, shame and anxiety, and identity destabilizations. Yet anti-oppressive texts often denigrate these experiences, participating in forces I call "compulsory sound-mindedness." Narratives of three women confronting their complicity illustrate the workings of compulsory sound-mindedness: a white Canadian recognizing the racism in her development work and both a white woman and a racialized Muslim reflecting on their complicity in ongoing Canadian colonization. The three narratives devalue affect, uncertainty, and destabilized identity. They also reveal these denigrated experiences as fundamental to personal-is-political ethical transformation. Compulsory sound-mindedness cannot consistently prevent people from journeying with pain, uncertainty, and coming undone. But when people undertake such journeys, compulsory sound-mindedness frames pain, identity destabilization, and uncertainty as regrettable and without value. I advocate that people cultivate a "troubled consciousness" by journeying with internalized accountability narratives, uncertainties, painful feelings, and destabilizations of a straightforwardly moral self.


The feasibility of fluoroscopically guided percutaneous gastrostomy in patients with cystic fibrosis is presented, highlighting differences between these and other patients undergoing the procedure.


We have derived luminosity functions, and set constraints on the UV luminosity and SFR density from z ∼ 17 to z ∼ 8, using the three most-studied JWST/NIRCam data sets, the SMACS0723, GLASS Parallel, and CEERS fields. We first used our own selections on two independent reductions of these datasets using the latest calibrations. 18 z ∼ 8, 12 z ∼ 10, 5 z ∼ 13, and 1 z ∼ 17 candidate galaxies are identified over these fields in our primary reductions, with a similar number of candidates in our secondary reductions. We then use these two reductions, applying a quantitative discriminator, to segregate the full set of z ≥ 8 candidates reported over these fields from the literature, into three different samples, 'robust', 'solid', and 'possible'. Using all of these samples we then derive UV LF and luminosity density results at z ≥ 8, finding substantial differences. For example, including the full set of 'solid' and 'possible' z ≥ 12 candidates from the literature, we find UV luminosity densities which are ∼7 × and ∼20 × higher than relying on the 'robust' candidates alone. These results indicate the evolution of the UV LF and luminosity densities at z ≥ 8 is still extremely uncertain, emphasizing the need for spectroscopy and deeper NIRCam+optical imaging to obtain reliable results. Nonetheless, even with the very conservative 'robust' approach to selections, both from our own and those of other studies, we find the luminosity density from luminous (MUV < −19) galaxies to be ∼2 × larger than is easily achievable using constant star-formation efficiency models, similar to what other early JWST results have suggested.


The pebble-bed in the Trias of Budleigh Salterton has attracted much notice, but I am not aware that its materials have been compared with those of the corresponding bed in the Bunter group of the English Midlands. For this purpose I recently spent a short time at the former place, and think the results worth placing on record. I select for comparison the pebble-bed on the more northern part of the wild Staffordshire moorland called Cannock Chase, with which I happen to be especially familiar. The points of resemblance shall be noted first, those of difference afterwards.


346 new CCD observations during the years 2011–2014 have been reduced to derive the precise positions of Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn. The observations were made by the 2.4 m telescope at Yunnan Observatory over nine nights. Due to the use of a focal-reducer on the telescope, its significant geometric distortion is solved for and removed for each CCD field of view. The positions of Phoebe are measured with respect to the stars in UCAC2 catalogue. The theoretical position of Phoebe was retrieved from the Institute de Mechanique Celeste et de Calcul des Ephemerides ephemeris which includes the latest theory PH12 by Desmars et al., while the position of Saturn was obtained from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory ephemeris DE431. Our results show that the mean O−Cs (observed minus computed) are −0.02 and −0.07 arcsec in right ascension and declination, respectively. The dispersions of our observations are estimated at about 0.04 arcsec in each direction.


The nitriding performed to change the chemical composition of the surface is the method of a thermochemical surface hardening. Fine, hard nitrided case consist of two zones at the surface; The outer one white layer (compound layer), the inner one diffusion layer. The nitriding methods are determined at three groups as gas, salt and ion nitriding. Gas nitriding process is performed using ammonia. The nitrogen decompositing from the ammonia gas reacts with the iron and the alloy elements of the steel and nitrides that ensure have fine grain. Salt nitriding is performed at the salt bath that consists of NaCN. Part of the nitrogen and carbon of the siyanide is diffused to the steel. The structure consists not only of nitride but also ?-carbonitride. A gas mixture of nitrogen and hidrogen is usually used in the ion nitriding process. The nitrogen reacts with the iron and alloy elements of the steel and nitrides that ensure hardening exist. In this study, X40CrMoV51 hot work tool steel is used. First, the quenching and tempering, later the ion nitriding is performed to the steel. Then, hardness values and X-ray diffraction analyses of these steels are determined. It is found that the surface hardness of ion nitrided steel is approximately twice higher than that of quenched and tempered steel.


Let T be a fixed operator on a complex separable Hilbert space H. The distance from T to the operators with nullity equal to n, for each possible value of n, is determined.


From our earlier remarks it is immediate that these rings are generalizations of alternative rings. In ?2 we show that any ring A satisfying (1), (2), and (3) must be powerassociative and, using this result we obtain an idempotent decomposition for A as A = A1 + A112 + Ao where x E Ai if and only if ex + xe = 2ix for the idempotent e of A. In Theorem 3 we develop some fundamental relations for the multiplicative properties of the Ai. We are able to show in ?3 that if A has no nil ideals then A must, in fact, have a Peirce decomposition with respect to an idempotent e. That is, A is the direct sum of the subgroups Aij; i, j = 0, 1 where x E A if and only if ex = ix, xe = jx. This is then used to prove the main results: (a) Any simple ring A satisfying (1), (2), and (3) with an idempotent e : 1 must be associative or a Cayley-Dickson algebra over its center. (b) Any finite-dimensional semi-simple algebra A satisfying (1), (2), and (3) has a unity element and is the direct sum of simple algebras. In ?5 we give some examples to show that these results are in a certain sense best possible. We suppose in the remainder of this paper that the ring A satisfies (1), (2), and(3).


The Journal of Humanistic Mathematics is pleased to announce a call for papers for a special issue on Ethics in Mathematics. Please send your abstract submissions via email to the guest editors by September 1, 2021. Initial submission of complete manuscripts is due December 1, 2021. The issue is currently scheduled to appear in July 2022.


Objective To explore the efficacy of early-stage anti-shock comprehensive treatment of elderly patients with severe burns. Methods One hundred and twenty-six elderly patients (early treatment group) with severe burns were given early-stage anti-shock comprehensive treatment, while 52 cases were underwent delayed anti-shock therapy for long-distance transport (late treatment group). The efficacy (cure rate and improvement rate), prognosis (death and sepsis) and complications were analyzed and compared between two groups. Results (1)The cure rate of early treatment group was higher than that of late treatment group (46.83% vs 21.15%, P 0.01), and the numbers of death (3.97% vs 28.85%,P 0.05) and sepsis (1.59% vs 17.31%, P 0.01) of early treatment group were less than that of the late treatment group. (2)The rates of shock, convulsions, renal failure, infection and hypoxia of early treatment group were lower than that of the late treatment group. Conclusion Early-stage anti-shock treatment can improve the cure rate of eldly patients with severe burns, reducing the death and sepsis and related complications.


This paper presents laboratory-scale methods for attaching integrated circuits (ICs) to passive ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas and discusses the effects of the attaching methods on tag performance. Commercial passive UHF RFID ICs were used. The studied attachment methods were strap attachment and direct IC attachment. One antenna design was developed for strap attachment where the IC was attached together with a strap, and two different antenna designs were developed for direct chip attachment. In addition, etched copper loop arm antennas for strap attachment and inkjet-printed loop arm antennas for direct chip attachment were studied. The measurement results show that the interconnection between the IC and the antenna is of paramount importance and that the performance of the tag is strongly dependent on the quality of the interconnection. The results of this study provide knowledge for reliable IC attachment in prototype laboratory conditions.


This paper describes the methodological approach used to derive the vegetation component of natural vulnerability within the frame work of the Ecologic-Economic Zoning of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The compiled datasets consisted of a landcover map containing information on natural vegetation, planted forests, water bodies, urbanized areas and agriculture. Besides, a map of priority areas considered for vegetation conservation was included in the analysis. Both datasets were produced by the Forestry State Institute. From these maps, twelve indicators of vegetation integrity were derived: Regional relevance of vegetation ecosystems (fields, rocky fields, savanna park, savanna, woody savanna, vereda, and deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen forests); Degree of conservation; Degree of heterogeneity; and Priority for conservation. These indicators were combined by weighted overlay in order to derive a vegetation vulnerability map to be further combined with other biotic and abiotic components to form the synthetic map of Natural Vulnerability of the State of Minas Gerais.


Energy-resolved neutron transmission imaging experiment was carried out to characterize the liquid phase of lead bismuth eutectic (LBE). The neutron transmission image confirmed that the LBE is homogeneous in a sample vessel. The obtained neutron transmission spectrum of the liquid LBE shows a wavy behavior in the wavelength dependence. This behavior is attributed to neutron attenuation by the neutron diffraction of the liquid LBE, which can give information about the atomic structure of the liquid LBE similar to Bragg edge transmission in the crystalline solid phases. Introduction Lead bismuth eutectic (LBE, 44.5 mass% Pb 55.5 mass% Bi) is a candidate material of coolant for LBE-cooled accelerator driven systems (ADS) and fast breeder reactor (FBR) [1,2]. Understanding of thermal properties and flow behavior of the LBE are crucial for design and safety analysis of such ADS and FBR facilities. To characterize those properties of the LBE, structural information plays a key role because it is highly related to those properties. Recently, Ito et al. have clearly demonstrated that an energy-resolved neutron transmission imaging experiment is useful to study the structure of the LBE [3]. The analysis of Bragg edge transmission, which results from the neutron attenuation by neutron diffraction, provides the structural information about crystalline solid phases of the LBE [4]. However, the structures of liquid phases in the LBE were not considered in the previous study even though they are closely linked to the flow behavior in operation as the coolant. If the neutron diffraction contributions caused by the liquid phases of the LBE can be detected in the neutron transmission spectra, they probably give beneficial information about the atomic structures in the liquid phases in the same manner as the Bragg edge transmission. Therefore, we performed the energy-resolved neutron imaging measurements of the liquid phase of the LBE to observe the neutron diffraction contribution of the liquid LBE in the neutron transmission spectra. Experiment The experiments were carried out at the energy-resolved neutron imaging instrument BL22 RADEN and at the neutron beamline for observation and research use BL10 NOBORU in JNeutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 160-164 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-25 161 PARC [5,6]. The LBE was sealed in a rectangular sample vessel made of austenitic stainlesssteel plates with the thickness of 1 mm. The thickness of the LBE was 10 mm. The sample vessel was then covered with glass wool and aluminum tape for thermal insulation. The temperature of the LBE was measured using five thermocouples and controlled using cartridge heaters and cooling fans. Details are described elsewhere [3]. A neutron gas electron multiplier (nGEM) detector was used to obtain the neutron transmission images. The dimensions of each pixel and the effective area of the detector were 0.8 × 0.8 mm and 100 × 100 mm, respectively. The sample was placed just before the detector. Results and discussion Fig. 1 (a) shows the neutron transmission image of the LBE in the sample vessel at 220 °C integrated between the wavelength of 0.1 and 0.6 nm. Surface of the LBE is observed at 105 pixels = 84 mm from the bottom of the vessel (shown by a white broken line). In the neutron transmission image, five bar-shaped shadows extended from the side vessel walls are neutron attenuation by the thermocouples. Other than these features, the neutron transmission image shows horizontal stripe-like inhomogeneity. This is not originated by the LBE, but by the sample vessel. Fig. 1 (b) shows the neutron transmission image of the identical sample vessel after removing the LBE. The same horizontal stripe-like inhomogeneity is observed in the image. Since the neutron transmission image of only the sample vessel without the thermal insulator, i.e., only the stainless steel, exhibits flat neutron attenuation [Fig. 1 (c)], this inhomogeneity results from the glass wool and aluminum tape horizontally wound around the vessel. Based on the Beer-Lambert law [7], the neutron attenuation contribution of the sample vessel can be removed by dividing the neutron transmission of the LBE in the sample vessel by that of the empty vessel. Fig. 2 shows the divided neutron transmission image, which should be composed of only the LBE contribution. The horizontal stripe-like inhomogeneity disappears in the divided image. However, the white and black shadows of the thermocouples remain. This is probably caused by the moving of the thermocouples during the removal of the LBE from the sample vessel. Hereafter, only center parts of the neutron transmission images (shown by a white Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 160-164 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-25 162 broken square in Fig. 2) are discussed to avoid unexpected effects of the thermocouples. The divided image of the LBE shows uniform neutron attenuation in the center parts. This reflects the uniformity of the LBE in the sample vessel. Fig. 3 indicates the neutron transmission spectra averaged in the center parts of the neutron transmission images of the LBE in the sample vessel, the sample vessel after removing the LBE, and the sample vessel without the thermal insulator (= the austenitic stainless steel). The vertical dotted line indicates the Bragg cutoff of the austenitic stainless steel, where the wavelength is equal to twice the largest lattice spacing 2dmax in corresponding crystal structure. Below the Bragg cutoff, all the neutron transmission spectra show the Bragg edge transmission from the austenitic stainless steel, while no Bragg edge transmission from the crystalline LBE is observed in the spectrum of the LBE. This indicates that the LBE is completely in the liquid phase. At the wavelength longer than the Bragg cutoff, although the Bragg edge transmission of the austenitic stainless steel no longer occurs, only the spectrum of the LBE curves gently. This is probably due to the liquid LBE. To characterize the liquid LBE, the neutron transmission spectra was separated into the contributions of the liquid LBE, the austenitic stainless steel (= the sample vessel without the thermal insulator), and the thermal insulator. Dividing the neutron transmission of the LBE in the sample vessel by that of the empty sample vessel gives the contribution of the liquid LBE. Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 160-164 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-25 163 Similarly, the contribution of the thermal insulator can be obtained by dividing the neutron transmission of the empty sample vessel by that of the austenitic stainless steel. Fig. 4 shows these contributions of the liquid LBE, the austenitic stainless steel, and the thermal insulator in the neutron transmission spectra. The Bragg edge transmission occurs merely in the contribution of the austenitic stainless steel. The contribution of the thermal insulator is featureless and almost monotonically decreases with increasing the wavelength. In contrast, the contribution of the liquid LBE has obviously different features. In addition to the gentle curve observed in Fig. 3, whole the spectrum shows a wavy behavior. Fig. 4 also shows an absorption contribution calculated from the chemical composition and the density of the LBE using the database of total cross-sections [1,7]. Since the absorption contribution is negligibly small, the wavy behavior of the liquid LBE is attributed to the attenuation by the neutron diffraction, which reflects the atomic structure of the liquid LBE. Therefore, the homogeneous neutron transmission image in Fig. 2 means that the atomic structure of the liquid LBE is uniform. A recent study has demonstrated that the neutron attenuation coefficient is proportional to the scattering intensity integrated in all solid angles [8]. Although this study discussed only a contribution of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), this idea can be simply expanded to neutron diffraction. Hence, broadened diffraction pattern of the liquid LBE [9] probably brings about the wavy behavior instead of the sharp Bragg edge transmission, which is connected with sharp Bragg peaks in the crystalline solid phases. Based on the ref. [8], conventional analytical techniques for the neutron diffraction of the liquid phases can be also applied to the neutron transmission spectra. Such application enables to obtain the structural information about the liquid phases from the neutron transmission images. This will be useful to study the liquid LBE in flow channels. However, contributions of background, such as the sample vessel, have to be precisely removed to obtain meaningful information from the neutron transmission spectra. Summary In this study, the energy-resolved neutron transmission imaging experiment of the liquid LBE Neutron Radiography WCNR-11 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 15 (2020) 160-164 https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-25 164 was performed. The neutron transmission image shows the uniformity of the liquid LBE. The neutron transmission spectrum of the liquid LBE was successfully extracted from the neutron transmission spectra of the LBE in the sample vessel and the empty sample vessel. The wavy behavior of the neutron transmission spectrum of the liquid LBE is probably resulted from the broadened diffraction of the liquid LBE. Acknowledgement Neutron experiments at the MLF J-PARC were performed under Proposal Nos. 2016A0272, 2017A0144, and 2017B0120.


The purpose of this research is to develop learning media comic matter the fundamental equation accounting to their students class XI at SMA Negeri 1 Sambas and to knows the effectiveness of learning media comic in improving the study results students class X at SMA Negeri Sambas 1. Methods used in this research is research and development (R&D). While for measuring effectiveness of media be held on a students class XI IIS 1 (30 students). For data collection in this research used technique quesioner and tests ( pre-test and post-test ). The data collected from chief and tests analyzed qualitatively. The result of this research is: The effectiveness of learning media comic results of the try out analyzed of tests before and after learning comic media uses, where first trial students passed KKM increased from 43,33% be 93,33%, while the trial two students passed KKM increased from 60% be 93,33%. From the pilot implemented times as many as 2 , it can be argued that the media learning comic matter the fundamental equation of accounting effective in improving the study results students subjects economic class XI SMA Negeri 1 Sambas.


The result of substituting lithium for manganese in manganese ferrite is to lower the magnetic moment and raise the Curie temperature. The variation of magnetic moment with concentration is consistent with about 90% of the lithium going on B sites.


Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are threatened by the cathode dissolution and anode corrosion/dendrites, resulting in poor reversibility. Here, a multifunctional electrolyte is developed to regulate the cathode, anode interface, and solvation by introducing a low‐cost diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DGME). The DGME can modulate the primary solvation sheath (PSS) of the hydrated Zn2+ and destroy the original hydrogen bond network of water, while the electric double layer (EDL) interface is reconstructed by the adsorption of DGME, which guides the uniform deposition of Zn2+ on the (002) crystal plane. Simultaneously, the DGME also effectively inhibits the dissolution of VO2 and enhances the reaction kinetics. As a proof of concept, the Zn//Cu cells deliver 2000 cycles with an ultrahigh coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.6%. Additionally, the multifunctional electrolyte significantly improves the multiple performance of Zn//VO2 full cells. The low‐cost and multifunctional electrolyte can be readily applied to ZIBs, demonstrating its practical versatility.


This paper describes how the supply of parking is considered to be a major factor in determining travel patterns within urban areas, as shown by the high number of policy interventions that focus on parking. These include parking meters, workplace parking levies, red routes, and many others. However, the behavioral mechanisms involved in determining individual parking choice are complex and difficult to translate into standard highway assignment programs. This paper concerns an enhancement of the London Transportation Studies (LTS) model, which is the major multi-modal strategic modeling tool owned by Transport for London (TfL). TfL was created in 2000 and is the integrated body responsible for the transport system in London, England. TfLs main role is to implement transport strategies as devised by the Mayor of London and to manage those London transport services for which the Mayor has responsibility. LTS is one of the largest strategic models in the world and it is used in a wide range of applications, providing forecasts using a comprehensive database of travel patterns within the London area. One of the key features of LTS is the very large scale of the surveys on which it is based, including household travel diaries, public transport surveys and a large set of cordon counts. The model has been carefully calibrated on these datasets and then validated against further data to establish its robustness.


To solve the problems of low efficiency,error-prone data and lack of security in the National Computer Rank Examination Management System issued by the National Examination Center,a kind of design of computer rank examination online prepare registration system of multi-tier architecture based on B/S model is put forward.Its original system database,prepare registration of system database,system of the site and the site management system background were placed in different servers.In the system process design using multi-layer design pattern,each function module in the system is Abstracted into presentation,controlling and data.It can realize the relevant functional computer grade examination,and enhance the maintainability,the performance as well as security of the system.


: Education in Indonesia is one of the sectors that is always considered by the government. The right to education is legally guaranteed for all children without any discrimination. Therefore, various methods have been carried out by each stakeholder, including trying to adapt multiple technologies in the learning process. Most of the information technology that enters developing countries, notably Indonesia, is still dominated by multimedia applications on mobile devices. Which not support all the development aspects of children's potential in the learning process. Some things have not been considered, such as lack of attention related to children's development of motor skill factors and social engagement. Through smart system technology that utilizes hardware as a part of the system as a whole, the system will include those factors that are not noticed in the learning technology that has been adopted today. This research has succeeded in producing a framework for the need to create a smart system in the learning process for Indonesian schools. Through exploratory studies, scientific studies have been carried out based on theory and direct observation of the multi-ethnic learning environment in Indonesia, so the proposed framework will undoubtedly be able to be a guideline for building a smart system.


This paper's starting point is understanding of computer as an educational and technological innovation whose resources exceed capabilities of other media. Introducing it into the homes, kindergartens, schools, the computer becomes the intellectual tool that carries the characteristics of the time in which we live. Along with the theoretical consideration of the topic, the paper presents the results of an empirical study of preschool parents' att itudes on the frequency and other aspects of the use of computers in preschool age. Sažetak U radu se polazi od spoznaje da je racunalo obrazovnotehnoloska inovacija ciji potencijali prelaze mogucnosti drugih medija. Uvodeci ga u domove, predskolske institucije i skole, ono postaje intelektualna alatka koja nosi obilježje vremena u kojem živimo. Uz teorijsko razmatranje teme, u radu su predstavljeni i rezultati empirijskog istraživanja stavova roditelja predskolske djece o ucestalosti i aspektima primjene racunala u predskolskoj dobi.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of mechanical property of tooth-like yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) by adding rare earth oxide as colorants.

METHODS
Six kinds of tooth-like Y-TZP were made by introducing internal coloration technology. The colorants included rare earth oxide (Pr6O11, CeO2, Er2O3) and transition element oxide (MnO2). Mechanical properties (flexural strength, vickers hardness and fracture toughness) were tested. Microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the fracture model was analyzed.

RESULTS
The range of flexural strength of the six kinds of tooth-like Y-TZP were (792 +/- 20)-(960 +/- 17) MPa, the fracture toughness were (4.72 +/- 0.31)-(5.64 +/- 0.38) MPam(1/2), and the vickers hardness were (1332 +/- 19)-(1380 +/- 17) MPa. SEM observation on the cross section of the six kinds of sintered composites showed a relatively dense polycrystal structure, and the fracture models was mixed type.

CONCLUSION
Tooth-like Y-TZP is acquired with better mechanical properties (fracture toughness and vickers hardness) by adding rare earth oxide as colorants. It is available for clinical application.


Study of the life and work of Linton Kwesi Johnson (1952). Author concludes that Johnson's writing has developed spirally: his sensibilities and technique have matured yet he constantly returns to revise characteristic qualities of his earlier style.


Citation: GRCP. 2000. Scientific basis of participatory plant breeding and conservation of genetic resources, Oaxtepec, Morelos, MEXICO, October 8–14, 2000. Abstracts. Report No. 25. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Genetic Resources Conservation Program, Davis CA USA. 2000 Regents of the University of California


From the Publisher:
Linux Programming Unleashed is a complete and comprehensive reference for intermediate to advanced Linux developers that covers every possible use of Linux. Topics include:

Core Linux Programming;Interprocess Communication;Device Drivers;Development Tools (make, Emacs, diff and patch, etc.);Programming the User Interface;programming (including Motif, Athena, GTK, QT, and more);Scripting;Security;System Programming Using Libraries;Package Management;and Licensing.

Linux Programming Unleashed contains hundreds of professional programming techniques and code for many real world applications.


Two new routes to the important intermediate (–)-8 for the carbocyclic-based nucleosides are reported. The intermediate (–)-8 has also been synthesised in high. Enantiomeric excess via an enzymatic resolution of the racemic amide (+)-8 or an enzymatic enantiotopic hydrolysis of the meso diester 12.


The importance of accurate models for the input processes of simulation is generally recognized. However, the dependencies between the input processes have, at least in queueing network simulation, been paid little attention In this paper, we consider modeling the joint distribution of the input processes required in queueing network simulation Particularly, we propose a method for modeling the dependencies between service demands. In addition, we propose a method for dividing the service demand into service times per visit. These methods are important in simulation modeling of a computer system when accounting files provide the identification data. The experiments reported indicate that the proposed methods produce accurate estimates for quantiles of the system response-time distribution


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are sets of many sensors that gather data and collaborate together. So, the procedures of broadcast or multicast are more important than traditional point-to-point communication in computer network. This paper focuses on broadcasting in structured WSNs. In such a kind, the procedure of network communications is easier than in unstructured WSNs. Thus, we will make an overview of MultiPoint Relay: (MPR) to show its weakness. Then, we will define a cluster-based architecture for WSNs which is constructed using MPR. Next, we will provide a new broadcast algorithm based on the previous cluster architecture and called 3B: Backbone Based Broadcasting. By the end, an illustration of 3B shows that it minimizes the energy consumption for accomplishing broadcast compared to MPR.


Walker, Skinner, Addenbrooke, Rayner, Orlich, Schultze, Thielers and others have given a great amount of useful information on electrometers for the measurement of dielectric loss. We have found instruments made somewhat after the design of Skinner and Rayner, so rugged and so useful as laboratory instruments, even when the instrument is subjected to severe jars and mechanical vibration, and capable of such great accuracy that we have spent considerable time developing methods of use and investigating the sources of error. Our instruments are essentially high-voltage instruments as the needle may have impressed upon it voltages up to about 8500 volts. One of these instruments has been in use almost continuously since 1913, a period of ten years, and for the last seven years it has been continually in use without needing repairs of any sort, in spite of breakdowns of the load being measured, and no adjustments have been made except an occasional turning of the quadrant leveling screws.


The invention relates to a supporting strut for supporting an in an aircraft fuselage (1) disposed intermediate deck (2), comprising a hollow cylinder-shaped from a fiber composite material existing rod body (3), the double-sided ends as fastening portions for detachable attachment to the aircraft fuselage (1) or to the intermediate deck (2 are formed), wherein the rod body (3) of at least one first reinforcement layer (10a) made of a carbon fiber fabric with an identical number of warp and weft threads in 45 ° - or 90 ° orientation and at least one second reinforcement layer (10b, 10c) from a carbon fiber fabric with a higher number of warp and weft threads in 0 ° orientation and a final glass fiber sheet, which form together with resin a compact fiber reinforced material.


Anonymity is an essential part of social structures. In the non-electronic world there are several services that are based on anonymous interactions between individuals. The migration of these services to the Internet world is infeasible without the provision of anonymizers to guarantee anonymity. Anonymizers based on mix computers interposed between the sender and the receiver of an e-mail message have been used in the Internet for several years by senders of e-mail messages who do not wish to disclose their identity. Unfortunately, the degree of anonymity provided by this paradigm is limited and fragile. First, the messages sent are not truly anonymous but pseudo-anonymous since one of the mixes, at least, always knows the sender's identity. Secondly, the strength of the system to protect the sender's identity depends on the ability and willingness of the mixes to keep the secret. If the mixes fail, the sender's anonymity is compromised. The authors propose a novel approach for sending truly anonymous messages over the Internet where the anonymous message is sent from a PDA which uses dynamically assigned temporary, non-personal, random IP and MAC addresses. Anonymous e-cash is used to pay for the service.


Background: Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of contracting various infectious diseases and play a dual role in the transmission of infections in health care facilities. Objective: To determine the seroprotection against hepatitis B, measles, rubella, and varicella among HCWs in a community hospital in Qatar. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey conducted in a 75-bed community hospital in Dukhan, Qatar. From August 2012 to December 2015, 705 HCWs were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies for measles, rubella, and varicella, and also for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). They were also asked about previous history of hepatitis B vaccination. Results: 595 (84.4%) HCWs received a full hepatitis B vaccination schedule; 110 (15.6%) received a single dose. The full schedule was reported with higher frequency by nurses (90.2%) compared to physicians (74.1%) or technicians (79.7%). Those aged ≥30 years (90.4%) and <20 years of work experience had received a full vaccination schedule more frequently than younger and less experienced HCWs. Female HCWs (87.8%) received full schedule more frequently than males (78.8%). 73.4% of the staff had seroprotection against heaptitis B, with the lowest anti-HBsAg titers observed in physicians (58.8%) compared with other categories; males (64.9%) were less protected than females. The seropositivity was 85.6%(95% CI 82.4% to 88.4%) for measles, 94.7% (95% CI 92.2% to 97.3%) for rubella, and 92.2% (95% CI 89.7% to 94.7%) for varicella. Conclusion: HCWs, particularly physicians, are not enough protected against hepatitis B. The seroprotection against measles, rubella, and varicella.


On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) is a generic term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic and reporting capability. OBD-II is an advanced version of OBD-I in the view of both capability and standardization. Recently OBD-II interface is being used to detect vehicle status and monitoring system. Automotive black-box system is its related application. This paper was studied by the prototype of the system with the applications of CAN, Bluetooth, and OBD-II. That will help to make technicians or drivers understanding what happens in vehicle according to an Android based vehicle trip application for HVI (Human Vehicle Interface) technology.


Gears are amongst the frequently encountered components to be found in rotating machinery used in various applications. Even though inexpensive, its failure can disturb the complete production in a plant resulting in unscheduled downtime and production losses. Also the detection of gear failure at correct time is of utmost importance otherwise the system may sustain bigger loss. So this paper deals with study of different gears failures of machines used in industries and the vibration based techniques used to detect these failures.


Dance as a viable representation mode for research is discussed in the light of Clifford Geertz's assertion that ideas can be reflectively addressed through the arts. Dance is described as an autonomous field of aesthetic perception with its own meaning working through the categories of motion, time, space, and shape. Western culture is described as logo centric and nondance, fixed on the myth of words as transparent conveyors of thought. Adopting a hermeneutical stance, the transparency of words is critiqued and, ironically, dance is analogized to text, although not words. How dance can be treated as text is elaborated by using the Ricoeurean idea of action as meaningful text.


Based on frequency control,the infinitely variable speeds control for machine tool spindle was realized.Through the designing of electric control system,the functions such as start,stop,speed control,status display and protection were realized automatically.The automaticity and productivity effect were increased remarkably.This electric brush-plating machine tool has been applied successfully in the project of "Remanufactury technique and its industrialization for motor grader key parts" in Tianjin research institute of construction machinery.


The purpose of this paper is to propose reliability projections of 1.55 pm InGaAs/InP MQW-DFB laser diodes (LD's) for high speed optical communication systems. We have developed a full set of degradation models of the LD parameters (i.e., Ith , q , I,,, , P,,, ) The conventional lifetime pro-jection of LD's was examined and compared to the other parameters The reliability prqjections of the LD parameters show that SO YO degradation of P,,, corresponds to I75 % increase of I,h, 90 YO increase of I,,,, and 38 % decrease of q


The Brazilian Citriculture is the largest in the world, producing about 61% of all the orange juice consumed on the planet. The state of Pará is responsible for 258,000 tons of the Brazilian production of Orange, however, even with all the advancement and modernization of the productive chain, in recent years the instabilities in the juice price have brought important problems. One of them refers to the fact that, discouraged by such situation, the producers prefer to leave the fruits in the orchard, which provides phytosanitary problems to the crop, often causing the need to eradicate large areas of plantations. Having this in mind, it emerged the interest of initiating research to evaluate the potential and viability of this wood. The present study aimed to determine the physical properties of the wood of Citrus sinensis, and is expected to obtain new knowledge about the material, which can contribute to the development of actions aimed at a greater appreciation of Available biomass. To do so, these physical properties were determined basic density and retractibility. Twelve trees were chosen, from which they were selected visually and randomly, and selecting trees during the renovation of the orchard. The samples were taken from the base until the first bifurcation to remove specimens, tested according to the standards NBR 11941 (2003) and NBR 7190 (1997). Based on the data obtained in the determination of physical properties, it is possible to observe some preliminary results on the wood of Citrus sinensis, which had a mean value for the basic density of 0.54, g.cm-3, and for the radial, tangential and Volumetric, the values found ranged from 2.52% to 8.05%, 5.54% to 10.70% and 8.68% to 18.47%, respectively, being classified as normal quality and dimensionally unstable. The use of wood should be limited in situations that demand high strength and in the manufacture of products with high dimensional stability. However, the wood presented characteristics suitable for the production of coal. For presenting higher or similar basic density values to wood of other species that are normally used for this purpose.


Accordingly, MALL has emerged as a potential tool in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) [5]. College English, an integral part of higher education, is a required general education course to teach undergraduates English as a foreign language (EFL) in universities of China. According to the College English Curriculum Requirements published in 2007, the extensive use of advanced information technology should be encouraged, computerand Web-based courses should be developed, and students should be provided with favourable environment and facilities for language learning. The 2007 policy further advocates that new pedagogical models should be built for the use of technology, so that English language teaching and learning can be free from the constraints of time or place and geared towards students' individualized and autonomous learning. The new pedagogical model should be built on the principles of practicality, taking students' knowledge and interests into consideration, and thus placing students in the centre of learning. WeChat ( pinyin: Wēixìn; literally: "micro-message") , as a multi-purpose messaging and social media app used mainly in China , is a powerful app that incorporates the features of Facebook, Instagram, Skype, and Twitter. WeChat was first released in 2011. By 2018 it was one of EAI Endorsed Transactions on e-Learning Research Article EAI Endorsed Transactions on


CT is the shortened for for "computerized axial temography", and adopted as it is in the Chinese usage, having become a loan word in the Chinese lexical system. HSK is, however, quite different from CT in character because the latter derives from a completely different origin, while the former is not a foreign form, but it is in fact the shortened form for "汉语水平考试"("hanyu shuiping kaoshi": Chinese Proficiency Test) in the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. It may be said that HSK comes in as the times demand. HSK and the others of the sort coming into use indicate or represent a new way to create fresh Chinese words and phrases. So it is feasible, and also necessary, to regularize the pronunciation of letters in the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet according to the names of English letters.


Immunology has made numerous important advances over the past decades and is at the forefront in uncovering the mechanisms of human immunological disorders and in eradicating pandemic infectious diseases. Immunological advances have also revealed the mystery of life and death and provided insights into creating a better environment for contemporary human existence.


A high-resolution aberration-corrected photoemission electron microscope (PEEM3) will be installed on an undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The aim of this instrument is to provide a substantial flux and resolution improvement by employing an electron mirror for correcting both the third-order spherical aberration and the primary chromatic aberration. In order to utilize this concept of correction, a beam separator is a prerequisite. Crucial to achieving a resolution of 5nm for the high-resolution mode, and a 16-fold increase in throughput at the same resolution as its predecessor, PEEM2, specified as 20nm at 2% transmission, for the high flux mode is the double-symmetric design of the beam separator, which eliminates all the second-order geometric aberrations. Nonetheless, substantial tuning capabilities must be incorporated into the PEEM3 design to compensate for both systematic and random errors. In this article, we investigate how to correct f...


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PDSⅡin abdominal closing in gastrointestinal cancer surgery.Methods Data from 120 patients from 2002 to 2004 received layered suture and 120 patients from 2008 to 2010 received single-layer suture with PDSⅡwere compared retrospectively.Results The operation time in single- layer suture group was less than that in layered suture group significantly[(5.21±0.78)min vs.(10.56±0.97)min], and peritoneal tear was rare happened.There were significant differences in the rates of incision infection,fat liquefaction,and incision disruption between the two groups(P0.05).There were 1 case(0.83%)with incision hernia in single-layer suture group and 4 cases(3.33%)in layered suture group(P0.05).Conclusions The application of PDSⅡin single-layer suture for abdominal closing in gastrointestinal cancer surgery is a safe, efficient,and effective way.


Pedagogic is a science that discusses education, namely the science of children's education. So pedagogic tries to explain the intricacies of children's education, pedagogic is a theory of children's education. Pedagogic as a science is really needed by teachers, especially kindergarten teachers and elementary school teachers because they will be dealing with minors. The task of the teacher is not just teaching to convey, or transform knowledge to children in school, but the teacher carries the task of developing the personality of his students in an integrated manner. The teacher develops the child's mental attitude, develops the child's conscience or child's conscience, so that the child will be sensitive to human problems, human dignity, so does the teacher only develop the child's life skills in the community so that he is able to face all the problems of his life. it discusses the notion of teacher competency, pedagogic understanding, pedagogical competence.


Image data processing system according to the present invention includes a plurality of memory cell array of rows and columns, a memory performing the burst read / write operation. In addition, the system includes a controller for controlling such that the image data is read / written from the memory to /. The controller has a horizontal size of the open width of the memory (column width) is greater than said divide the image data into a plurality of segments, I + 1 (I is a positive integer) second segment of the image data is I th comprising a segment of the last data burst, or I-th segment comprises a first burst of data in the I + 1 th segment, and each segment may correspond to a plurality of rows of the memory.


When President Lyndon Johnson launched his Unconditional War on Poverty, he boldly declared, "the days of the dole in the United States country are numbered." However, within two years of the enactment of his Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, a remarkable escalation in public assistance payments began. While President Johnson may have been correct that the days of welfare are numbered, that number is proving to be very large indeed.Any attempt to reform welfare must begin with the recognition that the current system has not resolved -- rather seems to be perpetuating -- poverty. It has created behavioral disincentives that trap many recipients in poverty from generation to generation and has also created yet another unwieldy and unresponsive bureaucracy. The key dilemma of the welfare state is that prolific spending intended to alleviate material poverty has caused the collapse of the low-income family and led to a dramatic increase in behavioral poverty -- dependency, lack of educational aspiration and achievement, increased single parenthood and illegitimacy.Studies have consistently shown that higher welfare benefits decrease work effort and increase welfare dependence. Increased dependence, in turn, has strong negative effects on children's intellectual abilities and life prospects. If we hold constant a wide range of factors such as family income, parental education, and residence, long-term welfare dependence by a family is seen to reduce a child's intellectual ability by more than one-third compared to children in similarly low-income families that were not on welfare.(1) Children raised by families on welfare are more likely to fail in school, more likely to get caught up in crime, and more likely to end up on welfare themselves as adults.(2)WELFARE SPENDINGAlthough the poverty rate has remained relatively steady since 1965, welfare spending has risen from 1.5 percent of GNP when Lyndon Johnson launched the program in 1965 to 5 percent today.The federal government spends more than $240 billion on welfare annually,(3) which is more than twice the money needed to raise every person on welfare out of poverty.(4)GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS DESTROYING FAMILIESIt is no longer a question of whether this money has produced positive results, but rather what can be done to erase the debilitating effects welfare has had on society.The current system has made marriage economically irrational for most low-income parents. Welfare has converted the low-income working husband from a necessary breadwinner into a financial handicap. It has transformed marriage from a legal institution that protects and nurtures children into an institution that financially penalizes nearly all low-income parents who choose it. Welfare benefits will be higher if a man and woman do not marry and are treated by the government as separate "households."Too many mothers decide not to marry the fathers of their children; they marry welfare instead. As George Gilder, author of Wealth and Poverty observed, the modern welfare state has convinced poor fathers that they are dispensable. Through government programs, we send the message that men are most useful as procreators, not as family partners and providers. Government will pick up the tab for their children provided that they do nothing to help the mother or to assume responsibility.Currently, the welfare benefit package (AFDC, Medicaid, housing, and food stamps) offers each single mother an average of between $8,500 and $12,000 in benefits, depending on the state.(5) The mother continues to receive that level of benefits as long as she does not work or marry an employed male.(6)Research by Dr. Robert Hutchens of Cornell University estimates that a 10 percent increase in AFDC benefits in a state translates into an eight percent decrease in the marriage rate of all single mothers.(7)The poverty rate among those living in traditional married couple families is less than half the overall poverty rate; the poverty rate for female headed families (with no husband present) is nearly six times the poverty rate for traditional two parent families. …


Classicist Lowell Edmunds and folklorist Alan Dundes note that "the Oedipus tale is not likely to ever fade from view in Western civilisation, as the tale continues to pack a critical family drama into a timeless form." Looking beyond the story related in Sophocles' drama - the ancient Theban myth of the son who unknowingly kills his father and marries his mother - this book examines variations of the tale from Africa and South America to Eastern Europe and the Pacific. Taking sociological, psychological, anthropological and structuralist perspectives, the 19 essays reveal the complexities and multiple meanings of this centuries-old tale. In addition to the well-known interpretations of the Oedipus myth by Sigmund Freud and James Frazer, this casebook includes selections by an international group of scholars. Essays on a Slavic Oedipus myth by Friedrich Krauss and on a Gypsy version by Mirella Karpati, for example, stress the psychological stages of atonement after the Oedipus figure learns the truth about his actions. Anthropologist Melford E. Spiro investigates the myth's appearance in Burma and the significance of the mother's identification with the dragon (the sphinx figure). Vladimir Propp's essay, translated for the first time from the Italian, and Lowell Edmunds's theoretical review discuss the relation of the Oedipus story to the larger study of folklore. The result is a casebook for students of folklore, classical mythology, anthropology and sociology.


The mass media acts as a powerful informal curriculum on otherness, with Muslims currently in the starring role. This auto/ethno/graphic bricolage juxtaposes theory, personal narrative and photographs, and readings of media images by young Muslim females, to provoke thought on how visual media discourses constitute our subjectivities. Drawing from postcolonial feminist theory, cultural studies, and post-conceptualist curriculum theory, links are made between photographs of covered Muslim women in Iran and Pakistan and images appearing in the print media, to deconstruct the self and broader cultural and political discourses. How are we all being educated and positioned by what we see and hear in the media, and what might be the local and global effects in the post 9/11 context?


Because of the complex nerve anatomy and limited regeneration ability of natural tissue, the current treatment effect for long-distance peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord injury (SCI) repair is not satisfactory. As an alternative method, tissue engineering is a promising method to regenerate peripheral nerve and spinal cord, and can provide structures and functions similar to natural tissues through scaffold materials and seed cells. Recently, the rapid development of 3D printing technology enables researchers to create novel 3D constructs with sophisticated structures and diverse functions to achieve high bionics of structures and functions. In this review, we first outlined the anatomy of peripheral nerve and spinal cord, as well as the current treatment strategies for the peripheral nerve injury and SCI in clinical. After that, the design considerations of peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering were discussed, and various 3D printing technologies applicable to neural tissue engineering were elaborated, including inkjet, extrusion-based, stereolithography, projection-based, and emerging printing technologies. Finally, we focused on the application of 3D printing technology in peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord repair, as well as the challenges and prospects in this research field.


Since 1990, several new technologies have emerged as important tools, such as the geographic information systems (GIS) that support the process of decision making in government agencies and municipalities. It has contributed significantly to the management of essential issues such as the proper allocation of public investments, monitoring the impact of public policies and availability of updated information about the territory to different users among other functions, allowing strategic analysis of the city and its management. In this article, it is introduced, in Section 1, the concepts used in the GIS environment. In Section 2, it is addressed the importance of suitable technical specification in obtaining data and geographic information. In Section 3 there is an exposition of strategic steps of a GIS project execution. In Section 4 some practical examples of application in different areas of government and their integration are displayed


Scholars have many ways to push the boundaries of archeology and further the field. One is to establish an entire new line of cultural grouping or humanoid existence, something newsworthy and rare. Another, more common practice is to expand the known areal of a given established cultural tradition. Further possibilities include deepening time horizons, and creating new understandings of migrations of peoples. Uncovering class, gender, rural–urban, and nomadic–settled differences can become pathways toward new frameworks. Collaborative use of multiple technologies and disciplines to create new synergistic learning is yet another important way to advance archeologically based knowledge. These only begin to touch the surface of a field that is constantly expanding through attention to minute details. In the archeology of Russia, and more broadly, in Russian-influenced archeology throughout the whole Soviet and post-Soviet territory, attention to detail, collaborative mixes of multiple disciplines, and flexible understanding of changing migration or class patterns in Eurasia have long been established standards. They require communication across countries, access to museum collections, and complex technologies that are not always easily available. However, the superb record of diligent archeological research continues, and is represented by the première journal Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia. The articles in this issue, recently published in Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia, represent several ways to push the boundaries of archeologically dominant knowledge. The first, by Vladimir Iu. Koval,


HPLC, 1H-NMR, MS and product analysis showed that pyridoxal hydrochloride was solvolyzed in methanol to form pyridoxal monomethylacetal. The reaction followed first order kinetics with the rate constant of 1.45×10-4s-1 at 40°C. The rate was not appreciably enhanced in the presence of an excess amount of HCl. The reaction was greatly retarded by addition of an equimolar amount of KOH. The results showed that the pyridinium-phenol species of pyridoxal hemiacetal is reactive. The reaction is responsible for the "aging" of alcoholic solutions of pyridoxal, which has caused poor reproducibility of the kinetic data for the formation of Schiff bases with amino acids.


In this paper, the torque production mechanisms of flux-reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machine and Vernier permanent magnet (PM) machine are analyzed and compared based on air-gap field modulation. Working harmonics of PM magnetomotive force (MMF) and air-gap permeance in two machines are analytically identified and compared, indicating that the fundamental PM MMF together with all permeance harmonics contribute to the torque production of Vernier machine whereas all PM MMF harmonics but only fundamental permeance in FRPM machine produces the torque. Thanks to the utilized large dc component of air-gap permeance, the torque density of Vernier machine is revealed to be better. Influence of critical parameters on machine performance, such as PM thickness and slot width ratio of the modulation pole, is also investigated. It shows that FRPM machine is more sensitive to the design parameters. Both finite-element analysis and experimental validation are conducted to verify the conclusion.


Using spiral of silence and social loafing theories, this study proposed a parallel mechanism to explain why people defend their stances on controversial sociopolitical issues through political consumption behaviors (i.e., boycott and buycott) when they read about corporate advocacy messages on social media. A 2 (personal stance: supporting vs. opposing gun control) × 3 (other Instagram commenters' stances: majority supporting gun control vs. majority opposing gun control vs. balanced opinions) between-subjects quasi-experiment was conducted to test the mediating effects of feeling of being in the majority opinion group and feeling of others not contributing enough on boycott/buycott intentions. Results showed that people defend their stances through boycott/buycott actions, because of the feeling of being in the majority opinion group. commenters' stances on gun control as the independent variables and boycott/buycott intention as the dependent variable. Results showed that support for gun control significantly and positively impacted intention to buycott Levi's, F(1,262) = 97.3, p < .001 and the interaction effect was also significant, F(2, 262) = 5.43, p = .005. Furthermore, to test the mediation effect, the PROCESS macro for SPSS (Hayes, 2013) was employed. Specifically, PROCESS model 58 was adopted with 5,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical significance ( p < .05) was achieved when the lower bound (LL) and the upper bound (UL) CI did not include zero. A person's stance on gun control was the predictor (X), with 1 representing supporting gun control and 0 representing opposing gun control. Boycott/buycott intention was the dependent variable (Y). The feeling of being in the majority opinion group (M1) was the mediator in the first model based on the spiral of silence theory. The feeling of others not contributing enough (M2) was the mediator in the second model based on the social loafing theory. Instagram commenters' stances on gun control served as the moderator in both models. This variable was converted into two dummy variables by PROCESS. The first dummy variable (W1) was based on the spiral of silence theory, with 1 being most commenters supporting gun control and 0 being all and Instagram commenters' stances on gun control (majority support vs. majority oppose vs. balanced opinions) on boycott/buycott intention. Because of the expressive and instrumental nature of boycott/buycott behavior, the frameworks of the spiral of silence and social loafing were used to investigate the psychological mechanism of such an interaction effect. Although both theories predicted the same pattern of results, mediation analyses showed more support for the spiral of silence theory. Through these findings, this study advances the explanatory power of the spiral of silence and confirms the expressive nature of boycott/buycott behavior in the context of CMC and corporate advocacy advertising. decisions such as prior buycott or boycott experience. We future research to examine the effect of such our did not investigate on the gun Future examining this of their to companies' advocacy and


The secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) is partly regulated by a non-steroid factor, inhibin, present in the testicular lymph and rete testis fluid (RTF). We were interested to know whether the RTF excreted into the epididymis has a regulatory role on the secretion of FSH and LH. The remaining rete testis of 6 adult rams hemicastrated 6 to 10 months earlier was cannulated. These rams were castrated either the day after the flow of RTF spontaneously stopped or 15 days after cannulation if the cannula was still functional. Two daily blood samples were taken from 7 days before cannulation to 7 days after castration and circulating levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were measured. Rete testis cannulation did not affect FSH, LH or testosterone plasma levels, although castration induced a sudden decrease in testosterone concentration and a rapid increase in FSH and LH levels. The present results suggest that the inhibin present in the RTF excreted into the epididymis does not play any role in the regulation of FSH and LH secretion. These hormones could be regulated by the inhibin present in the efferent circulation (lymph or blood) from the testis.


Background. Although life tables provide a basis for estimating remaining life by age, gender, and race, these tables do not consider clinical characteristics or functional status, which can lead to wide variations in remaining years. i nclusion of functional status may permit more precise prognostic estimates of life expectancy and proportion of time in various functional states. Methods. We used longitudinal data from the e stablished Populations for e pidemiologic Studies of the e lderly to determine transition probabilities between three functional states (independent in activities of daily living [ADL] and mobility, dependent in mobility but independent in ADL, and dependent in ADL) and death. These were used to estimate total life expectancy and life expectancy in each functional state. Results. i n general, the largest proportion of remaining life expectancy was spent in the persons' baseline functional status category. Persons younger than 80 years with dependencies, however, spend substantial proportions of their remaining years in a better functional status category, and mobility-disabled 70-year-old persons spend the greatest part of their life expectancy in the independent functional state. f unctional status has a dramatic impact on life expectancy. f or example, 75-year-old men and women without limitations have life expectancies 5 years longer than those with ADL limitation and more than 1 year longer than those limited in mobility. The life expectancy of an ADL-disabled 75-year-old is similar to that of an 85-year-old independent person; thus, the impact of the disability approximates being 10 years older with much more of the remaining life spent disabled.


This paper focuses on the image matching of stereopair,and proposed the concept of "generalized stereopair" aiming at images which from different remote sensing sensors,but covering the same region.Then according to this concept,the paper proposed the method of generalized stereopair matching,designed a pyramid layered correlation matching scheme based on the wavelet,and using the available imagery to experiment on the matching method.Finally,the paper validated the feasibility and reliability of this method.


We propose a method to measure the energy distribution of low-energy flares (nanoflares) in the energy range below 1023 erg. As an example, we measured the spectrum of nanoflares in the 1021–1026 erg range for two Sun's frames observed by the SDO/AIA telescope in the 171 Å channel. Nanoflares are shown to have the power law spectrum in the 1022–1026 erg range. The spectral index is approximately constant, i.e. energy-independent. For energies below 1022 erg, the spectrum begins to collapse. For lower energies, below 1021 erg, the method does not give statistically significant results due to major errors. The results of the study indicate that solar nanoflares can be detected up to 1021–1022 erg energies. Results have previously been reported only for 1023 erg and above. The total energy flux of nanoflares in the energy range above 1022 erg, according to our data, is P2104 erg cm–2 s–1, which is about 15 times less than heating losses of the solar corona.