Summary Osteomyelitis was produced experimentally in white rats by inoculating the bone marrow of the tibia with Staph. aureus. About 21 days were allowed for the development of typical lesions. One group of 14 animals was treated by the subcutaneous injection of 600 units of penicillin every 2 hours for 9 days. Six of these apparently recovered during the course of the treatment. In a second experiment 13 animals were each given 900 units of the drug every hour for an equal period of time. Again 6 of the lesions were found to be healed at the termination of the injections. Of a total of 25 untreated controls only one animal showed evidence of recovery. It is concluded that penicillin has value as a systemic therapeutic agent in the treatment of the experimental disease, and that the rat is a suitable animal for the study of the course of experimental osteomyelitis and the evaluation of therapy.


The impact of extrinsic factors, such as c l imate, ferti l i ty and disturbance, on plant communities has traditionally been determined at constant levels , spatial l y and temporally . However, projected future increases in c l imate variabi l i ty dictate that a greater emphasis i s needed on understanding plant species and community responses to fluctuations i n c l imate. In particular, stochastic , transient but highly disrupti ve extreme c l imatic events are predicted to become more prevalent. Their impact on the dynamics and structure of productive grass land communities in New Zealand are the focus of this thesis . Particular emphasis was placed on quanti fying plant functional traits of common grassland species. Thi s was achieved by laboratory screening methods that targeted both regenerative and established l ife-cycle stages. Field screening methods were also used to quantify functional trai ts and group species i nto functional types . Photosynthetic pathway, relative growth rate and l ife-history were identified as key functional traits differentiating grassland species. Regenerative phase functional traits were determined on a total of 26 grassland species . Differences i n the dependency on warm temperatures for germination and seedling desiccation tolerance were used to generate predictions of species invasiveness. C3 species were predicted to have a greater abi l ity to invade than C4 species. Seed s ize and l ife-history were also found to be related to i nvas iveness . The competiti ve abi l i ties of five C4 grass land species were determined relative to a common C3 grass, Lolium perenne, in a glasshouse pot experiment. The most competi tive C4 species were the annual s , Digitaria sanguinalis and Panicum dichotom�t7orum. The impact of extreme cl imatic events on competition and competitive abi l i ty was examined by exposing plants to extreme temperature (frost and heat) and extreme water (drought and flood) events. Species responses from these s imple mixtures were extrapolated to predict the impacts of extreme c limatic events on grassland communities. Field and laboratory screening predictions were tested i n a large-scale field experiment, which employed novel techniques to simulate extreme heating and rainfal l events over grassland. Species with C4 photosynthesis , fast-growth and short l ife-histories (col lectively named FTl species) were confirmed as being the species to be most advantaged by an extreme heating event.


SUMMARY

A table which provides light, vibration, or sound stimulation on completion of form board tasks is described. Questions relating to the evaluation of such equipment are discussed.


The longitudes of perihelia and orbital poles of the solar system's dozen or so most remote detected objects are clustered in a manner inconsistent with that of a random sample of uniformly distributed orbits. While small number statistics and observational biases may explain these features, the statistical significance of the clustering has led to the recent development of the "Planet Nine hypothesis." In the proposed scenario, orbits in the distant solar system are shepherded via secular perturbations from an undetected massive planet on an eccentric orbit. However, the precession of perihelia and nodes in the outer Kuiper Belt and inner Oort cloud are also affected by the giant planets, passing stars, and the galactic tide. We perform a large suite of numerical simulations designed to study the orbital alignment of extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) and inner Oort cloud objects (IOCOs). In our various integrations that include Planet Nine, we consistently find that ≳60% of ETNOs and IOCOs that are detectable after 4 Gyr are also anti-aligned in perihelia with the distant massive perturber. However, when we randomly select 17 objects from this sample of remaining orbits, there is significant scatter in the degree of longitude of perihelion and orbital pole clustering that might be observed. Furthermore, we argue that, in the absence of Planet Nine, 17 randomly drawn orbits should still exhibit some clustering even if the underlying distribution is uniform. Thus, we find that still more ETNO and IOCO detections are required to confidently infer the presence of Planet Nine.


Firstly,this paper discussed the application and development of information technology in vessel diesel engine industry.And the it introduced the application of information technology in development of the high power diesel engine.


Background:
 Socioeconomic status (SES) and other non-disease (social and demographic) characteristics are known to predict overall survival (OS) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (Petridou et al. Ann Oncol 2015). Less is known about the impact of these factors on survival of adults with ALL. We studied which non-biological risks impact OS in adults with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph negative) ALL, with emphasis on the impact of SES on survival.
 Methods:
 We assembled data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER-18) registry from 2000 to 2014. This registry covers 27.8% of the US population. We identified patients 18-69 years old diagnosed with Ph negative ALL between 2000-2012 using ICD-O-3 codes. We merged data with the Federal Information Processing Standards county codes and designated patients as metropolitan or non-metropolitan based on state and country 2013 rural-urban continuum codes. We assigned county-level median household income using the Census American Community Survey (www.census.gov).
 Descriptive statistics were calculated for age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, insurance status,median household income, and status with respect to the 200% of the federal poverty line (FPL). We stratified the population by age: 18-39 years (adolescent and young adult, or AYA, cohort) and 40-69 years (adult cohort). We also identified 3 eras of interest: 2000 to 2003, 2004 to 2007, and 2008 to 2012. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression assessed predictors of OS, with separate models for AYAs and adults. Analyses were performed using SAS.
 Results:
 In total, 5,858 patients met criteria for analysis. Median age was 41.4 years (25-75th%: 26.9-54.8), with 45.8%patients in the AYA cohort. 57.8% of patients were male, and half were non-Hispanic white (50.8%). Over 90% of all patients lived in metropolitan counties. One-third (35%) of patients lived below the 200% FPL. Median household income was $55,901 (25-75th%: $51,389-67,677). 49% of patients had missing data about insurance, so we omitted this variable from analysis. ALL lineage was B cell in 57%, T-cell in 10%, and unspecified in 33% of cases. 52% were married overall with more AYAs (61.3%) not married compared to older adults (34%).
 In Cox regression model for AYAs, higher median income was associated with better OS (HR=0.95 for every $10,000 above national household income, p=0.03). We also found that later era of diagnosis (2008-2012 vs. 2000-2003) was associated with better OS (HR=0.70, p<0.001), while older age (HR=1.04, p<0.0001), unspecified lineage (vs. B-cell, HR=1.20, p=0.04), and all races compared to non-Hispanic white were associated with poorer OS with the exception of Asian/Pacific Islander: American Indian (HR=2.82, p<0.001), Hispanic (HR=1.58, p<0.001), and non-Hispanic black (HR=1.50, p<0.001). Sex, marital status, and rural residence were not associated with OS in the AYA cohort.
 In the adult cohort, in a Cox regression model, patients with higher income had better OS (HR=0.95 for every $10,000 above median national household income, p=0.001). We also found that later era of diagnosis (2008-2012 and 2004-2007 vs. 2000-2003), and non-metropolitan geography (HR=0.81, p<0.001) predicted better OS, while older age (HR=1.03, p<0.0001), Hispanic race (HR=1.16, p=0.03), male sex (HR=1.09, p=0.03), and non-married status conferred poorer OS (HR=1.31, p<0.0001) (Table).
 Conclusion:
 We identify non-biological predictors of OS in adults with ALL in a large population-based registry. Notably, higher SES portends better OS in both AYAs and older adults with ALL, consistent with findings in the pediatric literature. Marital status affects OS only in older patients, while race/ethnicity in AYAs greatly impacts OS. All ages had improved OS in more recent years, suggesting that all age cohorts are benefitting from new ALL treatment approaches. Our findings of the impact of SES on OS call for more investigation and action to improve social support and possibly adherence in the adult population.
 Table. Table.

 Kumar: Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Rodday:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding. Stock:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy. Parsons:Seattle Genetics: Research Funding.


A method for analyzing the surface characteristics of electrical contact of aeronautical electrical lines based on infrared thermography was proposed. Through the analysis of electric contact reliability model, it is considered that contact material, contact form and surface condition are the main factors affecting contact resistance. In the actual working environment, oxidation and oil pollution can increase the resistance of the electrical contact film, resulting in the "deterioration" of the surface condition. Taking the universal electric connection components as the electric contact carrier, the electrification experiment is conducted according to the different development degrees of oil pollution under the action of rated working current. Based on the surface temperature spectrum analysis, it is concluded that after a certain time of heat accumulation, the distribution characteristics of temperature contraction lines on the electrical contact surface can reflect the development degree and difference of surface deterioration to a certain extent. It has certain technical traction and reference value for the evaluation of electrical contact reliability.


Late results were studied in 63 patients who underwent complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Mild pulmonary stenosis (PS) was present in 73%, moderate PS in 17% and severe PS in 10% of the patients. When a transannular patch was used, wider enlargement of the pulmonary annulus did not always relate to a decrease in right ventricular pressure and right ventricular to pulmonary artery pressure gradient in the late postoperative period. Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) of grade 2 or less did not relate to the late postoperative hemodynamics and cardiac function. PR of grade 3 or over led to right ventricular and pulmonary artery hypertension, and to increases in right ventricular end-diastolic volume and CTR. PR of grade 4 impaired left ventricular function. PR of grade 3 or over with moderate PS led to elevation in right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. In patients with mild PS and PR of grade 2 or less, late postoperative hemodynamics and cardiac function were excellent. To maintain excellent postoperative hemodynamics and cardiac function, it is imperative to obtain PR of grade 2 or less and to use a procedure which will lead to excellent development of the pulmonary annulus. In conventional procedures using a transannular patch, a CSAI of less than 2.5 cm2/m2 and precise coaptation between the original pulmonary cusp and the cusp mounted on the patch will aid in avoiding significant PR.


The 4 townships making up the SE. quarter of Marion County, Illinois, contain 7 relatively small oil pools. The major portion of the oil produced from these pools was trapped in oolitic limestones and sandstones of the Ste. Genevieve Formation. The oil appears to be accumulated in stratigraphic traps, as no significant structural closure is evident. A reconstruction of the geologic history of the area, aided by the technique of trend-surface fitting, suggests that structural folding was, however, an important factor in trapping the oil. Subsequent tilting of the area has removed the closure of the structures, but the oil did not escape because of permeability pinch outs of the reservoir beds.


Objective:To investigate the methods for animal experiments of home made prosthetic valve,and to assess the performance of the prosthesis in vivo.Methods:Fifteen sheep underwent mitral replacement with 21 mm valve prostheses under cardiopulmonary bypass.The first 10 sheep underwent preliminary experiment.The hemodynamic parameters of the prosthesis were determined by means of catheterization and echocardiography respectively.The biocompatibility of prosthesis was evaluated by observing animal survival and valve related thrombosis or thromboembolism.Results:The 10 sheep undergoing preliminary experiment all died,while the other 5 sheep survived well.The transvalvular gradients measured by catheterization intraoperatively and 2.5 years after operation were 0.69±0.23 kPa and 0.81±0.04 kPa,respectively.Thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomenon was not found in postmortem.Conclusion:Annulus tearing is the major cause of operative death.Approp riate weight of animals,rational respiration support and mitral valve leaflets preserving by reflective suture are key points of test.The home made valve has good biocompatibility and excellent hemodyna mic performance in vivo.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of comprehensive nursing for patients with gastric polyp electrocision under gastroscope. Methods 85 patients with gastric polyp underwent EMR treatment in our hospital during August 2011 to August 2013 were collected, 42 patients admitted before August 2012 was as the control group, who were implemented the routine care, 43 cases admitted after August 2012 were as the observation group, who were implemented the comprehensive nursing, further improved the routine care, and on this basis implemented the psychological care. Results The SAS and SDS scores after the intervention in the observation group and control group were decreased, compared with the control group,the SAS and SDS scores in the observation group were decreased significantly,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).The hospital stay in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, health knowledge and care satisfaction scores were higher, the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The implementation of comprehensive nursing for patients with gastric polyp electrocision under gastroscope can achieve significant effect, relieve anxiety and depression status of patients, shorten hospital stays and improve health knowledge and patient's satisfaction scores to nursing work.


Analytical techniques Within each CMA, the non-institutional population and deaths were grouped into neighbourhood income quintiles on the basis of the CT percentage of population below Canada's low-income cut-offs. Life expectancy at birth, probability of survival to age 75, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and income-related excess PYLL before age 75 were calculated, as were age-specific mortality rates and agestandardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for major causes of death.


The use of horse‐riding simulators in the treatment of chronic low back pain has drawn considerable attention for its efficacy and acceptability to reduce chronic low back pain; because of the similarities in movements provided by equine‐assisted therapies and the possible accessibility advantages. However, the results are conflicting. This study aimed to perform a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the impact of treatments based on horse‐riding simulators on chronic low back pain.


Since the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of aeroacoustic noise requires the numerical solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a large computational domain, it is computationally too demanding to solve computational aeroacoustics (CAA) applications using this technique only. In this paper a number of different hybrid approaches, where the computational domain is split into a source region and a propagation region, are used to solve the aerodynamically generated sound field by a flow over a rectangular cavity. In cavity flow noise applications, both broadband and tonal noise is emitted; under certain circumstances the sound field can be considered as 2-dimensional and there are reference solutions available from literature. In this way, a comparison can be made between different hybrid numerical methodologies. This paper focuses mainly on the accuracy of the commonly used equations to describe the acoustic near-field propagation and different coupling techniques between the source region and the propagation region.


In this communication, we present a theoretical investigation of second-order nonlinear optical diffraction by standing acoustic waves in a thin crystalline plate. A detailed analysis of the polarization state of the second-harmonic light diffracted by both bulk and surface acoustic waves is carried out. Numerical estimates of the relative intensities of the nonlinearly diffracted orders are made for an AlGaAs film deposited on a GaAs substrate.


During investigations into the role of intestinal mucus for the attachment of Enterobacteriaceae to the intestinal surface it was surprisingly found that DNA was a significant component of the mucus from the rabbit small intestine.


When the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery (TMAG) reopened in March 2013 after a lengthy period of redevelopment and restoration, two commissions created by Patrick Hall were displayed in the Central Gallery which now provides an echo of its early function as the TMAG Trophy Room. In 1902 John Watt Beattie (1859-1930) had photographed the gallery with his 600 landscape photos of Tasmania vying for attention with trophy animals that included a giraffe, lion and tiger, as these exotic beasts competed for space with the displays of Tasmanian timbers and assays of locally mined gold.


polymerase (lane e), and Thermococcus litoralis-derived Vent@ DNA polymerase (lane f) synthesized poly d(A-T), while Pyrococcus sp・-derived PyrobestTM DNA polymerase (lane g) failed to synthesize poly d(A-T). ThoughBcaBESTTM DNA polymerase was known to have RT activity (including Takara's RT-PCR kit), the RT activities of KOD and Vent@ DNA polymerases have not been yet reported. It should be mentioned that some thermostable DNA polymerases, such


A study on the production of single-cell protein feedstuff from enzymolysis solution of potato residue was carried out.The results showed that better fermentation condition isin flask,in diastatic action and fermention combination way were 8% enzymolysis solution (including 8% wheat bran solution),initial pH4.5,cultuing temperature 28 ℃,culturing time 60 h,rotation speed 250 r/min,15% inoculation size,100 U/g(crude starch) glucoamylase,80 U/g(material) penicillin.Under these condi tions,the yield of yeast reaches 19.920 g/l,crude protein of the fermentation dried product was 12.27%.


In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), activation of Ca2+‐permeable store‐operated channels (SOCs) composed of canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) subunits mediates Ca2+ entry pathways that regulate contraction, proliferation and migration, which are processes associated with vascular disease. Activation of TRPC1‐based SOCs requires protein kinase C (PKC) activity, which is proposed to phosphorylate TRPC1 proteins to promote channel opening by phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). We investigated the identity of the PKC isoform involved in activating TRPC1‐based SOCs in rat mesenteric artery VSMCs. TRPC1‐based SOCs were reduced by PKCδ inhibitors and knockdown of PKCδ expression. Store depletion induced interactions between TRPC1 and PKCδ and PKCδ‐dependent phosphorylation of TRPC1. Furthermore, generation of store‐operated interactions between PIP2 and TRPC1 and activation of TRPC1‐based SOCs by PIP2 required PKCδ. These findings reveal that PKCδ activity has an obligatory role in activating TRPC1‐based SOCs, through regulating PIP2‐mediated channel opening.


The conception of individuality is the key to understand the whole system of Reinhold Niebuhr's thought.Reinhold Niebuhr clearly divided individual morality and collective morality,and emphasized the former is higher than the later.The underlined thought is his conception of individuality.Niehuhr's conception of individual is the fruit of his defense on Christian evangelical individualism.This defense combined his critics of various modern thought,and provided a base on which he constructs his social Ethics.


The dissertation aims to design a system to assess and follow-up research projects carried out by the Center for Science & Technology Information (CICT). Such system will allow a continuous analysis of S&T demands in the field of information and public health, taking into account social, sanitary, scientific, and technological variables. The instrument to be developed should consider institutional priorities related to Health Information and Communication. Such instrument will permit the redesign of research proposals according to social demands, facilitating planning activities and allowing CICT to have a timely monitoring of its research projects. With a better organizational planning, CICT would be able to support in a more efficient way scientific development, through better utilization of its resources and basic infrastructure, better financial and human resources planning, as well as strategies finely tuned to the specifics needs of its different departments.


Abstract Porosity in the die casting process causes costly scrap loss and limits the use of die-cast parts in critical high-strength applications. The amount of porosity is closely related to the die casting process parameters. Consequently, the mechanisms of porosity formation in relation to die casting parameters have to be studied in detail. A considerable reduction in porosity formation can be obtained by Taguchi technique implementation in the die casting process. Through simple multifactorial experiments in the foundry, controllable factors can be isolated to provide centring and variance control for a process variable. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of process parameters on porosity formation in the pressure die casting process to improve casting quality. Examples of the off-line technique used in a Greek aluminium die casting company are given for the purpose of illustrating the practicality and ease of use by industry engineers and managers.


This article concerns the study of practical stability of linear switched impulsive systems with time delay. By using Lyapunov functions and the extended Halanay inequality, we establish sufficient conditions for the practical stability and uniform practical stability of a linear switched impulsive system with time delay. The last section provides some illustrative examples.


A technique for designing a broadband E-field probe is presented in this paper. Two versions of the probe balun are investigated, one using the original Marchand topology and a modified topology in which one pair of coupled lines is short-circuited to enhance low-frequency near-field coupling and reduce the size of the probe. The operation of the probe is validated experimentally using measurements over a simple test circuit. The results are compared with those from an active probe balanced with a differential amplifier. Balanced operation is demonstrated in the 100 MHz-2.5 GHz frequency range.


Today, all over the world, engineers and engineering companies are working across international borders. Engineers in responsible charge are seeking avenues to legally practice across the globe. Most countries require either a credential or license in order to practice engineering and the educational requirements for such licensure (we will use licensure to refer either to a license or credential required to practice engineering in responsible charge) vary in many cases. Trends in overseas educational requirements in several countries and how those requirements might be evolving in response to both a greater body of knowledge for engineering and providing the attributes needed to effectively practice engineering on a global scale are explored herein. ABET has begun accrediting foreign engineering programs. Today over 22 countries apart from the United States and its territories are participating. Another recent development is that the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is beginning to offer their examinations overseas. At the same time mutual recognition agreements or efforts at harmonization moved forward in several countries. The Washington Accord, signed in 1989, promotes mutual recognition of engineering programs and now includes15 signatory countries and 5 provisional member countries. The Bologna Accord, signed in 1999 had the following goals for 2010:  it is easy to move from one country to the other (within the European Higher Education Area) – for the purpose of further study or employment;  the attractiveness of European higher education is increased so many people from nonEuropean countries also come to study and/or work in Europe;  the European Higher Education Area provides Europe with a broad, high quality and advanced knowledge base, and ensures the further development of Europe as a stable, peaceful and tolerant community. Now 47 countries are party to the accord. The 1998 call for action from the 1995 Civil Engineering Education Conference of the American Society of Civil. Engineers, ultimately resulted in the passage of ASCE Policy Statement 465—Academic Prerequisites for Licensure and Professional Practice. ASCE Policy 465 states that, in the future, education beyond the baccalaureate degree will be necessary for entry into the professional practice of civil engineering. Already several countries have recognized the need for advanced education for licensure or chartering. This is one of several scholarly papers that will be written and presented about the preparation of engineers for licensure or equivalent outside of the United States. These papers will be written from different, yet related, perspectives including the (1) overview, (2) educational requirements for licensure in Asia and the United Kingdom, (3) ABET role and understanding Page 23457.2 about overseas educational preparation for engineers , and (4) characteristics of global engineers. This paper will focus on the first perspective – overview.


This study presents the reactivity loss of spent PWR fuel due to burnup in terms of the infinite lattice multiplications factor, k/sub infinity/. Calculations were performed using the SAS2 and CSAS1 control modules of the SCALE system. The k/sub infinity/ values calculated for all combinations of six enrichments, seven burnups, and five cooling times. The results are presented as a primary function of enrichment in both tabular and graphic form. An equation has been developed to estimate the tabulated values of k/sub infinity/'s by specifying enrichment, cooling time, and burnup. Atom densities for fresh fuel, and spent fuel at cooling times of 2, 10, and 20 years are included. 13 refs., 8 figs., 8 tabs.


Created as a symbol of imperial power by the south Indian conquerors of Orissa in the 12th century, the temple of Jagannatha endures as one of India's great monuments and centres of pilgrimage. This authoritative study assembles all the evidence, old and new, to produce a definitive account of the building and its cult. Topics include Puri as a Sacred City of Light and its major festivals; the architecture, sculpture, and associated paintings of the Temple; and a new analysis of the origins of the extraordinary icons worshipped in it. The only exhaustive account of this major shrine, this study includes unique 19th century and contemporary photographs, the latter revealing features in its ongoing restoration. Its new, integrated interpretation of the Purusottama cult places its iconography firmly in the traditions of Hindu festival art.


This paper makes an empirical analysis of the cause of top management turnovers and the difference between chairman and general manager,Results show that poor performance will induce top management turnovers,performance sensitivity is more prominent for chairman change than general manager in process of top management turnovers,,chairman change will bring on better long-range performance,Nevertheless,general manager will not.Much influence arises after chairman change and it is more important.


The invention discloses a molded plastic compound for sheet tantalum capacitor, which is an epoxy resin compound and belongs to the field of special-purpose plastic encapsulating material in electronic industry. The molded plastic uses epoxy resin as the main block resin and phenolic resins as curing agent, prepared by adding solidification accelerating agent, filling material, releasing agent, combustion inhibitor, coloring agent, coupling agent, toughening agent and modifier though the steps of disintegrating, mixing, pugging, cooling down, disintegrating, batch mixing, pre-forming and packaging.


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Fillet feature recognition is one of the most important components of feature recognition. Fillet feature is composed of cylindrical faces, spherical faces, torus faces or B-Spline faces which are connected each other in linear or network structure. According to these characters of fillet features, this paper presents a recognition method —— connected graph of minimal and sameness radius for recognition of fillet feature. Firstly, all faces with characters of fillet feature are selected out. And then a face-edge graph is constructed based on connecting relationship of these faces,in which radiuses of edges and faces are recorded. Thereby, fillet feature recognition is changed to seeking the sameness radius connected sub-graph.


This paper is devoted to the phase matching and parametric gain properties of the {chi}{sup (3)} mixing, and points out several specific behaviors whenever compared to {chi}{sup (2)} interactions. For a given pulsation {omega}{sub 4} and a fixed direction of propagation, phase matching simultaneously exists for numerous sets ({omega}{sub 1},{omega}{sub 2},{omega}{sub 3}). Two combinations of the interacting pulsations exist: {omega}{sub 4}={omega}{sub 1}+{omega}{sub 2}+{omega}{sub 3} and {omega}{sub 4}+{omega}{sub 1}={omega}{sub 2}+{omega}{sub 3}, both with {omega}{sub 4}>{omega}{sub 1},{omega}{sub 2},{omega}{sub 3}. The second scheme has no equivalent among the three-wave processes; in this scheme, phase matching exists for all configurations of polarizations. It is then possible to make use of the largest elements of the {chi}{sup (3)} tensor. Furthermore, in noncentrosymmetric crystals, solutions exist where nonzero {chi}{sup (3)} nonlinear effective coefficient is associated with a zero {chi}{sup (2)} nonlinear effective coefficient. Concerning the gain of {chi}{sup (3)} parametric amplification, the conversion efficiency is analytically calculated for the most general case: it is nonzero only if at least three fields are incident on the crystal. The calculated gain allows us to deduce the oscillation threshold of a {chi}{sup (3)} optical parametric oscillator and the effect of the pulse duration: the threshold is not independent ofmore » the parametric fluorescence field, so that it can only be calculated analytically for an injection-seeded optical parametric oscillator.« less


Exoskeletons
Many devices have been developed to harvest energy from walking or running, but their use often comes at cost to the wearer in the form of increased metabolic demand. Shepertycky et al. designed a device that can harvest mechanical energy from a natural walking gait and convert it to useable electrical energy while also reducing the metabolic energy consumption of the user (see the Perspective by Riemer et al. ). The key to achieving "something from nothing" comes from designing the device to use muscle-centric control of the knee exoskeleton resistance to reduce active muscle force during the late part of the leg swing cycle.

Science , aba9947, this issue p. [957][1]; see also abh4007, p. [909][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aba9947
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abh4007


Feed is a critical component of dairy cattle business success. The purpose of this research was to know the practice of feeding provision by dairy farmers in Enrekang district. The research method used is survey research on 65 dairy farmers from a total of 326 farmers spread in the central area (45 dairy cattle farmer) and the development area (20 dairy cattle farmer). The variables measured were feeding method, type of feed given time and technology used in both dairy cattle areas. Methods of feeding in both areas are the concentrate in the morning followed by the provision of forage (source fiber) in the morning, afternoon and evening. In the rainy season, elephant grass is dominantly used as a source of fiber in both central and development areas. The concentrate feed ingredients used are rice bran at central and sweet potato areas in the development area. In the dry season, rice and corn straw are used as a source of fiber in central areas and sweet corn straw and sweet potatoes in the development area. Sources of concentrate feed ingredients used are tofu and bran dregs in central areas and rice bran and sweet potatoes in the development area. Processing technology uses only the physical processing of cutting forage into small parts by using chopper. In terms of milk and dangke productivity, development areas have higher productivity rates in both dry and rainy seasons than in central areas. The high productivity of milk and dangke in development area due to the more diverse types of forage and concentrate in the development area than the central area.


THE original plans of the Custom House (later SubTreasury)1 on Wall and Nassau Streets in New York City were the work of Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis. Soon after excavations for the building were begun, however, these plans were partially abandoned in favor of modified plans drawn up by Samuel Thomson. Although Thomson was not destined to hold his position as Architect and Superintendent very long, his role in the construction of the Custom House cannot be too strongly emphasized. The ill feeling that existed between him and the building commissioners had reached such serious proportions that Thomson suddenly resigned in April 1835, taking with him all the plans of the building, presumably all those he had drawn.2 It was not until three months had elapsed, during which time construction was almost entirely suspended, that a new superintendent was appointed. He was John Frazee (fig. 1), a man who had already achieved fame as a sculptor. There is no evidence of how Frazee came to the attention of the commissioners, but in his own words he "was applied to" and received the appointment. He was appointed "Architect and Superintendent" on 22 July 1835 at a salary of $7.00 a day plus expenses paid.3 He was permitted to hire an assistant, a draftsman, at a salary of $3.oo a day, and for this job he appointed Hiram A. Norris, a graduate of West Point.4 Long before his appointment to the Custom House,


Objective To measure and analyze the reflection fluorescence of four opal enamel porcelains.Methods Twienty two samples with differernt shades, which came from four opal enamel porcelains (Ceramco,Shofu,Noritake and Vita) were used. The CIE Lab of each sample was measured with Color- Eye 7000A spectrophotometer and the reflection fluorescence (color difference) of each sample was calculated and spectra curves were plotted. According to the product and the shade factors, the average values of the relfection fluorescence were compared by AVNOA, and the intergroups by SNK-q test (α=0.05).Results There existed statistical difference in reflection fluorescence among different prouducts (P0.05). The average reflection fluorescence value of Vita was lower than that of other three products (P0.05), which were not statistically different (P0.05).Conclusion The sequence from high to low based on the average value of the reflection fluorescence was: Noritake, Shofu, Ceramco, Vita. The difference in the reflected fluorescence spectra distribution among different products lied below 400nm and the fluorescent peak appeared in 390nm.


The objective of this study is to optimize the total investment and operation cost of an existing microgrid network such that it provides the maximum benefit. A mathematical formulation was developed to investigate this objective. Energy Storage (ES) is used to manage islanded microgrids with renewable energy sources. Investment and operation costs of generators and ES are compared to develop the least-cost longterm economic plan. A case study carried out considering a benchmark microgrid is presented to validate the developed formulation. The developed formulation selects the most economical generation or ES assets at optimal sites. If the microgrid has been built for a community where the electricity generated from conventional sources is very expensive, ES is economical to manage the demand and renewable energy supply variations. From cases studies, it is found that most of the battery technologies are economical for the considered ES options.


There is now widespread consensus among researchers that treefall gaps play a key role in the structure and function of closed-canopy forests, such as rain forests, with virtually all canopy tree species requiring growth in a gap to reach maturity. Until recently many believed that latitude and the size of treefall gaps were the main factors determining the availability of solar radiation in gaps and associated microclimates and vegetation dynamics. However, if solar radiation availability is the main limiting resource in such forests, then studies of gap dynamics need to take into account the other factors affecting the penetration and distribution of direct and diffuse irradiance within gaps. As a consequence, this is the first attempt to develop a universal model for the estimation of 'effective gap' solar radiation regimes that, along with latitude and gap size, incorporates factors such as slope angle, slope aspect, height of surrounding vegetation, sky conditions and daily and seasonal variation in the position of the sun. Results of three computer simulations are presented to demonstrate how latitude, topography and sky conditions affect solar radiation availability beneath circular canopy gaps of various configurations. Finally, the implications of these simulations for forest regeneration, reforestation and forest management are discussed.


Glycerol Monolaurate (GML) is used as a surfactant, preservative and emulsifier in food, besides it can be used in cosmetics and medicines. This study obtained to optimize GML synthesis from glycerol and lauric acid. It consisted of two steps, dealumination of zeolite Y catalyst and optimization of GML synthesis. At dealumination process, zeolite Y will reacted with H2SO4 solution and aquadest with temperature at 60°C for 4 hours, then drying with temperature at 110°C for 1 hour, then furnace with temperature at 500°C for 3 hours. The synthesis of GML held by reacting glycerol and lauric acid using dealuminated zeolite Y. The synthesis of GML analyzed using GC-MS to determine the structure, molecular weight, and conversion of GML produced. This study obtained GML optimization to produce the greatest yield of GML. The best test results obtained is 90.75% of GML yield and the estimated value of optimization at temperature 130°C for 4 hours, and the mole ratio of lauric acid with glycerol 1: 7.5 (with the mass of lauric acid is 25 g, and the mass of glycerol is 87.654 g).


of Dissertation presented to COPPE/UFRJ as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) COMPUTER VISION METHODS FOR UNDERWATER PIPELINE SEGMENTATION Roberto Esteban Campos Ruiz


The tree-level contributions to the flavor violating μ − e conversion in a nucleus are derived in the minimal supersymmetric model with general case of R-parity violation including the trilinear and the bilinear R-parity violating terms in the superpotential and in the soft supersymmetry breaking sector. Calculating the μ − e conversion rate we consistently take into account the nucleon and nuclear structure. We found that the previously overlooked contribution of the strange nucleon sea is comparable with the contribution of the valence quarks. On this basis, using the available experimental data, for the currently interesting nuclei 48T i and 208Pb we extracted new stringent limits on the R-parity violating parameters. A conventional way to eliminate the phenomenologically dangerous lepton (L) and baryon (B) number violating interactions in the supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the standard model (SM) is the introduction of a discrete symmetry known as R-parity. This is a multiplicative Z2 symmetry defined as Rp = (−1)3B+L+2S , where S, B and L are the spin, baryon and lepton quantum numbers respectively. While desirable for many reasons, R-parity conservation has no well motivated theoretical grounds. On the other hand the SUSY models with R-parity violation (Rp / ) posses some specific features which may probably provide us with a clue to the solution of some long standing problems of particle physics, in particular, to the neutrino mass problem. In this framework neutrino can acquire the tree level weak-scale mass via mixing with the gauginos and higgsinos [1]. Many aspects of the Rp / SUSY models in high and low energy processes had been investigated in the literature (for recent review see [2, 3]). In the present study we consider the flavor violating process of muon-to-electron (μ − e) conversion in a nucleus, represented by μ + (A, Z) −→ e + (A, Z). (1) We analyze possible mechanisms for this process existing at the tree-level in the minimal Rp / SUSY model with a most general form of R-parity violation. It is well known that process (1), which is forbidden in the standard model by muon and electron quantum number conservation, plays an important role in the study of flavor changing neutral currents. Within the last decade experiments at PSI [4, 5] and TRIUMF [6] seeking for conversion electrons of process (1) have provided us with severe constraints on the violation of muon and electron quantum numbers. The best limits on the branching ratio Rμe− = Γμe−/Γμc of the rate Γμe− of process (1) divided by the total rate Γμc of ordinary muon capture have been extracted at PSI in the SINDRUM II spectrometer at the level R i μe ≤ 7.0 × 10 [9] R μe ≤ 4.6 × 10 [10] (2) The experimental sensitivity is expected to be further improved by three to four orders of magnitude by the ongoing experiments at PSI (using T i target) [4] and the designed MECO experiment at Brookhaven (using Al target) [7]. For a discussion of the lepton flavor violating limits in conjunction with other theoretical predictions the reader is referred to the recent survey of Ref. [8]. The nuclear physics side of the μ − e conversion was comprehensively studied in Refs. [9, 10, 11]. At present we may accept that the effect of nuclear structure in this process is well understood. In the supersymmetric extensions of the SM with conserved R-parity the μ−e conversion has been studied by several groups [11, 12]. In this case the SUSY contributions appear only at the loop-level and, therefore, they are suppressed by the loop factor. The situation is different in the Rp / SUSY models. In this framework there exist the tree-level non-photonic contributions [13] and the 1-loop photonic contributions significantly enhanced by the large logarithms [14]. The primary purpose of this work is to find all the possible tree-level contributions to μ−e conversion in the framework of the minimal SUSY model (Rp / MSSM) with most general form of R-parity violation including the trilinear Rp / couplings and the bilinear Rp / lepton-Higgs terms. The effective μ − e conversion Lagrangian describing these contributions contains at the quark-level terms previously not properly treated in the literature [13] at the stage of hadronization. We develop a formalism of calculating the μ−e conversion rate for the quarklevel Lagrangian with all these terms. Our final goal is to derive on this theoretical basis the


The formation of urban heat islands (UHI) over cities is the main challenge to the urban environmental sustainability worldwide. To mitigate UHI effects, passive cooling using cool materials and/or greening is thought to be the most effective strategy. As urban greening is relatively nascent in the urban literature, a multitude of research gaps are still to be filled, especially for the cities belonging to the hot arid belt. The present study aims to explore to what extent are three greening strategies (façade greening, roofs greening and urban parks) feasible in UHI mitigation using case study in Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area (GCMA). This task is best achieved through modeling, using the micro-scale numerical model ENVI-met, to simulate the probable outdoor cooling effects of greening for a hot summer day. The results, for this specific case, show that both façade and roof greening would yield up to 0.5C average reduction of air temperature compared with the actual case, while the cooling effects of the hypothetical pocket parks may be as high as 7C during day time till 15.00 PM, and after that parks would exhibit heat island properties. The study findings may assist in better planning of urban green spaces to increase their cooling potentialities.


Objective To investigate the selective inhibitory effect of recombinant vascular basement membrane derived multifunctional peptide(VBMDMP) on proliferation of lung cancer cells.Methods The cytotoxic effect of recombinant VBMDMP on lung cancer cell line(A549) and normal cell line(KMB-17) was determined by MTT assay in vitro.Trypan Blue staining method was used to assess the influence of recombinant VBMDMP on growth of A549 and KMB-17.For studying the in vivo therapeutic effect of recombinant VBMDMP,human lung cancer in xenograft mouse model was employed.Results Assays in vitro showed that recombinant VBMDMP selectively inhibited proliferation of human lung cancer cell line(A549) in a dose dependent manner,with no effect on normal cells(KMB-17).In addition,recombinant VBMDMP also inhibited in vivo tumor growth in xenograft mouse model.Tertian intraperitoneal injection of VBMDMP suppressed the growth of A549 xenograft in a dose dependent manner.VBMDMP(5 mg/kg) decreased the tumor volume and tumor weight by 74% and 77%,respectively,and this inhibitory effect on tumor growth is more potent than Cyclophosphamide(100 mg/kg) and angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (20mg/kg) as well.Conclusion These data effectively highlight the distinct and unique anti-tumor properties of recombinant VBMDMP,making it a promising therapeutic candidate for inhibition of tumor growth in cancer patients.


The silent Brazilian film Miss Right Now (1927), produced by and starring Eva Nil, who also worked as a camera and laboratory assistant on the film, stands out as a powerful and rare example of a woman9s creative agency in early Brazilian cinema. The plight of this film also provides a means to consider the conditions of women9s on- and offscreen work, dominant models for female screen protagonists in 1920s Brazil, and negotiations between modern and traditional values within an emergent Brazilian star system.


Objective Application of advanced intense pulsed light (IPL) technique in treatment of facial photoaging and doing clinical analysis research. Methods 460 cases were given IPL non-ablative photorejuvenation with a fluence value between 18 -40J/cm2. Results After operation, appearances of all cases, Such as wrinkles, hyper-pigmentation, telangiectasia and enlarged pores were improved. After abserved and followed up, the satisfactory rate was 87.6%. Conclusion facial photoaging can be improved with IPL non-ablative photorejuvenation for facial photoaging has the advantages of minimal adverse effects and high measure of patient satisfacation.


In the tourism industry, it is expected to contribute to the development of tourist attractions. For the reason, it is necessary that the ways to improve the tourist facilities and tourist resources and to attractive tour group should be explored. The problems about the accessibility to the tourist attractions and expedience of tour group during sightseeing tour, are raised as the most important factors to attract tourists. This study sampled 8 main tourist attractions located around Mt. Mudung as subject. This study evaluated the property of the image of each subject, estimated mean value of final tourist destination with the classified items, and analyzed the preference of tourists through the individual behavior model by making use of data investigating the characteristics or preference of tour group on the basis of the way the tourists decide the sightseeing region. After the properties of the 8 sightseeing regions were compared with their individual property, the values of the properties reconstructed in terms of the highest value to evaluate the representative image of the tourist attractions. The factors to affect the decision of tourist attractions could be investigated by means of statistical analysis and thereby the variable used in modeling could be set. The established tourist attractions decision model could achieve compatibility and explain the touring behavior of tourist.


This paper is based on a modified form of Fogel's evolutionary programming approach for evolving neural networks for the detection of breast cancer using fine needle aspirate data. A data visualization and preprocessing description is given, which not only depicts the benign and malignant raw data in graphical interpretative form but also includes a "symmetrized dot pattern" of this same data which may be used to corroborate the classification provided by the network. These evolved architectures routinely achieved a greater than 96% classification accuracy while, at the same time, achieving a much smaller type II error (calling a malignant sample benign). These results were obtained with different data sets using the same architecture, and were also obtained with the same data set over a family of evolved architectures.


In order to increase the repeatability of measurement result of solid combustibles' heat release rate,which can be easily affected by environmental factors,non-dimensional-normalized method has been adopted to carry out quantitative research on the experimental results of plastic assembly standard commodities.According to the research this method can minimize environmental effects on the test data,and the non-dimensional characteristic curve of heat release rate of this standard commodity has been achieved.Fitting result of this characteristic curve shows that growth curve has Gauss distribution and descent curve has exponential distribution.


According to Schumpeter, one of the most important problems of innovation is the search for new financial resources to dedicate to research, experimentation and innovation. The aim of this article is to provide a summary on the subject of the discussion concerning the problems that corporate-companies have to face regarding technological development: in particular with reference to the governance and, as a consequence, to the relationship between property and management in the choice of an adequate financial structure, (going beyond the neutrality implicit in the famous Modigliani-Miller theorem). In particular, with reference to the Italian productive system, so deeply bank-oriented, compared with the English and American capital-market oriented systems, the focus is on the major difficulties in financing innovative projects. This is due to the absolute lack of "venture capital" systems, and also to the attitude of the banking system to finance "productive capacity" and the "expansion" phases of the enterprises lifes, rather than the management capability and the "start-up phases". All this and the some situations of "credit rationing" contributes to explain both the relative backwardness of the innovative Italian system, and the massive appeal to self-finance support which medium and small companies are obliged to adopt in order to introduce research and innovation.


Buckminsterfullerene (C[sub 60]) reacts with cyclopentadiene to produce the Diels-Alder adduct C[sub 60]C[sub 5]H[sub 6] (1). To determine the thermal stability of adduct 1, we have determined the rates of decomposition in the temperature range 80-95[degree]C. Fitting this data to the Arrhenius form of the rate expression gives a pre-exponential factor of log A = 12.59 [plus minus] 0.4 and an activation energy of 26.7 [plus minus] 2.2 kcal/mol. 14 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.


The subject of this work is the nature and significance of belonging and its intersection with human identity and being in the world. Its main impetus is towards addressing the question of belonging as it arises in present day Australia, where, in connection with national identity, it remains a highly politicized and contested issue. The telling of stories about Australian belongings not only provides insights into the shape and complexity of the contemporary Australian debate, but also serves to illustrate how, in the presentation of belonging as having multiple and competing manifestations, what it is to belong per se is rendered indistinct. This exemplifies the key problem where belonging is concerned. While belonging is invoked as an issue of crucial existential concern in public discourse and across a broad range of disciplines, there is an apparent and troubling lack of conceptual or linguistic apparatus according to which the notion can be grasped and critically analysed. The object of this work is to explore and redress this problematic situation. Clearly, consideration of belonging also involves identity and consideration of how these two concepts are articulated together in theory. This latter question is explored by surveying the theoretical and conceptual frameworks from which 'senses' of identity and belonging commonly articulated in Australian discourses (and elsewhere) appear to have evolved. What is discovered, however, is the inability of these models, which operate on the assumption that belonging is a product of the relation of a person, or people, to something else (society, history or environment) to encapsulate logic capable of supporting the key premise. If we accept that what is at stake in the question of belonging is our identity as persons (and this is also what almost all theoretical models suggest), then looking outside of the self to something else for belonging will not do. What is needed to properly articulate belonging is a model that presents a relational account of being in the world and an ontological structure that allows us to see belonging from the inside, so to speak. Although humanistic geography (what is referred to here as the 'geographical school' of phenomenological inquiry) promises both, it is shown how research of this genre is necessarily constrained by its methodology. There is more to being 'inside' a place than knowing it. The phenomenological account must be folded back in order to disclose its ontological core. It is here that the work of a


Fracture simulation of real-world materials is an exceptionally challenging problem due to complex material properties like anisotropic elasticity and the presence of material impurities. We present a graph-based finite element method to simulate dynamic fracture in anisotropic materials. We further enhance this model by developing a novel probabilistic damage mechanics for modelling materials with impurities using a random graph-based formulation. We demonstrate how this formulation can be used by artists for directing and controlling fracture. We simulate and render fractures for a diverse set of materials to demonstrate the potency and robustness of our methods.


An experimental setup for super-resolution microscopy by structured illumination has been established, preliminary experiments of nanoparticles and living cells with a resolution around 100 nm are described, and further requirements for live cell microscopy are discussed.


The high-effective energy-conservation recovery technology of the excavator's potential energy is to use the inert gas energy storage system,utilize the potential energy that is generated when the excavator working device (boom) falling,compress the inert gas in the energy storage tank to recover the potential energy through driving the hydraulic oil in the energy Second Batch of Domestic TOP TENs List


C . S . was born at term after an uncomplicated gestation. At delivery, her mother was a 25-year-old, healthy, gravida 2, para 1 woman who denied illnesses and use of drugs or medications during pregnancy. Both parents and another older brother were normal. At birth, the infant was noted to have a skin-covered mass bulging from the metopic suture extending externally to the tip of her nose, marked hypertelorism, and syndactyly involving all four limbs. She weighed 2,990 gm, was 49 cm long, and had a head circumference (OFC) of 34.5 cm. A cranial CT scan showed a large defect in the frontal bone and a basifrontal encephalocele. At age 3 weeks, part of the frontal mass was removed.


The object of study of the presented article is the problem of existence of language and linguistic features of constructed reality in postmodern culture. The subject of study – the principles of functioning of postmodern linguistic reality. The purpose of analysis becomes the study of specificity of postmodern linguistic reality on the basis of treatment to certain cultural phenomena – to the esoteric culture and art. In the article author's definition and justification of the whole linguistic reality as a phenomenon in modern culture, which is characterized by the cultural deconstruction and destruction of social and cultural integrality is presented.


Large eddy simulation method was employed to carry out numerical research on complex multiphase turbulent flow containing Al droplets and resulting oxide smoke inside solid rocket motor(SRM).Smagorinsky eddy viscosity formulation was used to calculate sub-grid scale stress tensor.The velocity and position of Al droplets was tracked with Lagrangian method in real time.Velocity field of oxide smoke was solved by equilibrium Eulerian approximation.Then the velocity filed was used to solve an advection diffusion equation describing concentration of the oxide smoke.Finally,numerical simulation was carried out on certain type of SRM by this computational framework.Correct flow structure was given by simulation result which shows correctness of the computational framework.


Background/Aims: Pediatric patients with treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) may develop visually significant cataracts. We report the outcome of cataract surgery in patients who had ROP treatment. Method: Retrospective chart review of 19 eyes from 16 patients who had ROP treatment and subsequent cataract surgery between August, 2002 and March, 2015. Results: Eighteen of 19 eyes received laser treatment for ROP; 1 eye received intravitreal bevacizumab. 5 eyes received lens-sparing pars plana vitrectomy (LSPPV) in addition to laser. Average follow up was 10.1 ± 5.5 years. Average visual acuity improved from 20/324 prior to and 20/110 after cataract surgery (p = 0.06). 13/19 (68%) of the eyes received laser only and developed cataracts an average of 6.2 ± 5.6 years after laser treatment. 5/19 (26%) eyes developed cataracts an average of 6.4 ± 4.2 years after LSPPV and laser. In one eye, a cataract developed after a bevacizumab injection 2.9 years after the injection. Visual axis opacification (VAO) developed in 2/5 (40%) eyes after Ce/PCIOL/PPC-Antvx, 8/10 eyes (80%) after CE/IOL, and in 0/4 eyes after CE/PPC-AntVx. Ocular comorbidities included strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, optic atrophy, corneal band keratopathy, and phthisis bulbi. Conclusion: Cataract surgery in patients who have a history of ROP can be complicated by anatomical changes from prematurity and prior vitreoretinal surgeries. Vision improvement is limited by other ocular comorbidities.


It is known that the set of all solutions of a commutant lifting and other interpolation problems admits a Redheffer linear-fractional parametrization. The method of unitary coupling identifies solutions of the lifting problem with minimal unitary extensions of a partially defined isometry constructed explicitly from the problem data. A special role is played by a particular unitary extension, called the central or universal unitary extension. The coefficient matrix for the Redheffer linear-fractional map has a simple expression in terms of the universal unitary extension. The universal unitary extension can be seen as a unitary coupling of four unitary operators (two bilateral shift operators together with two unitary operators coming from the problem data) which has special geometric structure. We use this special geometric structure to obtain an inverse theorem (Theorem 8.4 as well as Theorem 9.3) which characterizes the coefficient matrices for a Redheffer linear-fractional map arising in this way from a lifting problem. When expressed in terms of Hellinger-space functional models (Theorem 10.3), these results lead to generalizations of classical results of Arov and to characterizations of the coefficient matrix-measures of the lifting problem in terms of the density properties of the corresponding model spaces. The main tool is the formalism of unitary scattering systems developed in [18], [45].


As we know that a shell and tube heat exchanger is designed where high pressures and high pressure differences between the fluids relative to the environment are applied. These exchangers are generally built of a bundle of round tubes mounted in a cylindrical shell with the tube axis parallel to that of the shell. There is considerable flexibility in the design because the core geometry can be varied easily by changing the tube diameter, length and arrangement. One fluid flows inside the tubes, and other flows across and along the tubes. In this project, the hot fluid will be cooled using seawater with the help of shell and tube heat exchanger. A characteristic of heat exchanger design is the procedure of specifying a design heat transfer area and pressure drops and checking whether the assumed design satisfies all requirement or not. The purpose of this project is how to design the heat exchanger which is the majority type of liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. General design considerations and design procedure are also illustrated in this project.


This deliverable exemplifies the usage of the Web Service Modeling Ontology WSMO for modeling Semantic Web Services along with specific technological solutions. This document defines the general organization of WSMO use cases, and presents specific examples of WSMO use cases.


Stridulation in Crabs is produced by the friction one against the other of two more or less differentiated zones. Schematically, the stridulating apparatus comprises two parts: one termed the pars stridens is adorned in relief which varies according to the species (striae, granules, beadings, rigid hairs, etc.), the other termed the plectrum is most often a raised ridged area or a sharp edge. In many cases the pars stridens is situated on the ventral surface of the cephalothorax and the plectrum on the cheliped. There are other methods, notably: friction of two segments (propodus and ischium) of the cheliped (Ocypoda), friction of the cheliped against another appendage, reciprocal friction of appendages, or of the chelipeds, etc. The stridulating mechanism is only developed in the Brachygnatha (Brachyrhyncha) and the Oxystomata, but the phyletic relationships between the different families is not apparent in its structure: two related genera or even species of the same genus (Ovalipes) may have very different stridulatory formations. Stridulation can be combined with four types of behaviour: sexual, defence of territory, social and "intimidation". Various considerations and hypotheses are put forward regarding the ethological and evolutive value, and the origin, of stridulation. A summary of what is known of hearing in Crustacea is given in an appendix.


Abstract 2015 Introduction: We previously reported the prognostic impact of pre-transplant functional imaging (FI) on outcome following autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for patients with relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) (Moskowitz AJ, et al. Blood 2010). This analysis was based upon patients treated on 3 consecutive Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) clinical trials from 1994 to 2003. The cohort included patients evaluated by gallium or FDG-PET and the 5 year event free survival (EFS) for patients with normal vs abnormal pre-transplant FI was 75% and 31% respectively. Based upon these results, our treatment program has focused on the use of FDG-PET to determine eligibility for ASCT. While determination of FI results in our series was based upon visual interpretation, we now aim to investigate whether semi-quantitative evaluation of pre-transplant FDG-PET could better distinguish favorable and less favorable cohorts. Methods: Patients with rel/ref HL treated on MSKCC clinical trials who underwent pre-salvage and pre-transplant evaluation with FDG-PET were included in this analysis. Pre-salvage and pre-transplant FDG-PET reports were reviewed and maximum SUV values for each scan were recorded. The delta-SUV was a calculation of the percent change in maximum SUV between pre-salvage and pre-transplant FDG-PET. EFS was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic impact of FDG-PET results by visual interpretation and semi-quantitative interpretation was evaluated using the log-rank test. Results: One hundred and thirty nine patients with rel/ref HL treated on consecutive MSKCC clinical trials from October 2000 through August 2010 were evaluated. Of the 139 patients, 104 (75%) achieved FDG-PET normalization prior to ASCT. The median follow-up for survivors was 6 years. The 6 year EFS for FDG-PET negative and FDG-PET positive patients was 79% and 53% respectively (p Conclusion: For rel/ref HL patients undergoing ASCT, semi-quantitative evaluation of pre-transplant FDG-PET using delta-SUV of 63% identifies a favorable cohort among patients with positive pre-transplant FDG-PET. The difference in outcome for patients with ≥63% delta-SUV and Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


During the height of the COVID-19 epidemic, production lagged and enterprises could not deliver goods on time, which will bring considerable risks to the supply chain system. Modeling risk diffusion in supply chain networks is important for prediction and control. To study the influence of uncertain information on risk diffusion in a dynamic network, this paper constructs a dynamic evolution model based on a hypernetwork to study risk diffusion and control under uncertain information. First, a dynamic evolution model is constructed to represent the network topology, which includes the addition of links, rewiring of links, entry of nodes, and the exit of outdated nodes that obey the aging principle. Then, the risk diffusion scale is discussed with the Microscopic Markovian Chain Approach (MMCA), and the risk threshold is analyzed. Finally, the consistency of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and MMCA is verified by MATLAB, and the influence of each parameter on the risk diffusion scale and risk threshold is tested. The results show that reducing the cooperation and production during the risk period, declining the attenuation factor, enhancing the work efficiency of the official media, and increasing the probability of the exit of outdated nodes in the supply chain networks will increase the risk threshold and restrain the risk diffusion.


Research over the past two decades has 1) revealed useful insights about the night visibility needs of the driver, 2) stimulated efforts to improve the night visibility of traffic signs, and 3) established measures of effectiveness for evaluating and monitoring night visibility of traffic signs. The knowledge gained has been translated into new materials for enhancing visibility and improved agency practices for managing traffic signs. Despite the importance of night visibility established in the research efforts, it is not uncommon to find traffic signs on the highway system that are barely visible at night. It is well known that crashes are more likely to occur at night despite lower traffic volumes and that this trend has persisted for more than 20 years. The FHWA has been at the forefront of efforts to improve the night visibility of traffic signs and to assure that in-place signs are maintained to levels that meet driver needs. This paper describes efforts to develop minimum levels for sign retroreflectivity as a surrogate of night visibility. Such minimum levels have not previously been established despite the recognition of the need to illuminate or reflectorize signs as far back as the 1935 Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). This paper provides background on the nighttime visibility problem, describes the proposed minimum levels for traffic sign retroreflectivity, and discusses various issues cited as impediments to implementation.


Access to relevant, timely and reliable data on road traffic crashes is essential for road safety improvement and effectively reducing road trauma on roads. The quality and completeness of the data and information available to decision makers is critical for success in achieving road safety outcomes. While, in most jurisdictions, the primary source of road crash information is police reports, often they don't have the required dimensions and depth to cover all aspects of road safety management. Research into best practice in road safety data management systems suggests that additional data is required to provide context for crashes. Language: en


It has been my privilege to study a series of staphylinid beetles collected from termite colonies by Alfred E. Emerson on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone, at Kartabo, British Guiana, and on the island of Trinidad; by Wolfgang von Hagen in Ecuador; and by Karl P. Schmidt on the Solomon Islands. I am indebted to these gentlemen for the opportunity of studying this material. The determinations of the host termites were made by A. E. Emerson.


Despite substantial progress in recent years to improve the design guidance for high strength steel (HSS) structural elements, this has mainly been for ambient conditions with their fire response still in need of further research. Accordingly, this paper reports on an investigation into the structural performance of unprotected HSS hollow section columns in fire. Finite element models of columns made from square, circular and rectangular hollow sections are developed and are validated against test data at ambient and elevated temperature. The validated models are employed to perform parametric studies to assess the influence of a range of variables such as the grades of HSS, levels of temperature exposure and cross-sectional geometry. The structural fire design resistance method for a column given in the Eurocode is assessed based on the FE results. Consequently, new buckling curves are proposed, which provide a more accurate prediction of the real capacity and reliability analysis is also performed on the new proposed design formulations.


These proyect presents the results of a study of organizational climate in the
"Cooperativa Alianza C.T.A." The initial idea came from a measurement that contributes to strengthening the aforementioned entity, providing solutions for some weaknesses of the same factors, additional to be a graduation
requirement for student of Industrial engineering in the University "Tecnologica De Pereira". These is a descriptive quantitative investigation field mode. The population was 20 workers; the questionnaire was met with the questionnaire to collect information, which consists of 90 questions with three possible answers. It can be concluded that the existing organizational climate in the "Cooperativa Alianza C.T.A" is type Authoritarian – paternalistic, the decisions are made at the top of the company, but some are
taken in the middle. In addition, the survery showed that the company plays with the social needs of their parthers, however it seems to work within a stable, structured environmed.


Developments in transportation and communication challenged social and geographic boundaries in interwar Britain. Divisions between town and country, north and south were blurred by, among other developments, the construction of new roads, the extension of Underground lines, the increased use of the motorcar, and the spread of the wireless and home telephone.1 Regional differences eroded as more people were able to communicate with others in person, over the 'phone or through the shared experience of cinema. Many projects of the 1930s attempted to document the effects of changes in transportation and communication on the interaction between individuals, communities, and landscapes. In this article I consider British documentary film's intervention through an analysis of a particular, and peculiar, 1930s film genre: the postman's daily round. I suggest that three films produced by the GPO Film Unit-Daily Round (1937), Penny Journey (1938), and The Horsey Mail (1938)-use the daily round of a village postman to visualize the disruptive and disorientating process of rural modernization. These films, I argue, force the viewer to negotiate the physical, social, and cultural landscapes of the countryside and use a tour of the village to map out the obstacles to integration of modern services within contemporary rural Britain. As my discussion of the films reveals, these obstacles came from different directions and from multiple agents, each interested in promoting a particular view of modern rural life. My goal is to help readers understand the ways in which this minor film genre mediated the responses and the resistance to modernity by these different agents, including the films' producers, subjects, and spectators. My analysis of the filmmakers' shared interest in mapping and mobility contributes to a growing body of work that explores the filmic constructions of both cities and countrysides.2Documenting the decadeSeveral attempts to document the state of interwar Britain relied on a mobile (and male) observer. H.V. Morton's In Search of England (1927, reprinted 29 times throughout the 1930s) was followed by J.B. Priestley's English Journey (1933), S.P.B. Mais's This Unknown Island (1933), Philip Gibbs's England Speaks (1935), Bill Brandt's photographs of The English at Home (1936), Mass-Observation's May the 12th (1937) and George Orwell's The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). These projects were not entirely new, of course, as they followed in the tradition of other explorations of the British landscape, including William Camden's Britannia (1586) and William Cobbett's Rural Rides (1830). However, 1930s observers were particularly concerned not only with contemporary economic and social conditions, but also with the ways in which developments in transportation and communication contributed to those conditions and created new spaces for the formation of a modern British identity.The GPO (General Post Office) Film Unit produced several films that document changes to the nation. The Film Unit was organized in 1933 to promote the products of the General Post Office; these films show how the post office can help people keep in touch with each other and, indirectly, with the modern world of advancing technology. GPO films stick to their remit and explain the post office's products and services. But they are also artistically and technically innovative and constitute an early British art cinema that influenced the kitchen sink realism of filmmakers such as Lindsay Anderson, Terence Davies, and Shane Meadows. Through sound, image, and montage, many GPO films move beyond the mundane topics of mailing a letter, sending a telegram, and dialling a phone and address issues of unemployment, education, and industrial and agricultural labor. These filmmakers saw cinema as a way to expose the contemporary viewer to conditions and communities that he or she might not otherwise encounter.Many of the GPO films explore shifts in interpersonal and international relations that result from modernization. …


Objective: To develop a low cost simulator model for the training of Septoplasty techniques for physicians resident in Otorhinolaryngology. Methods: This is a technological research with experimental development of a surgery prototype. The model consisted of an artificial septum produced with low-cost and easy-to-acquire materials, associated with a hemi-skull shaped support developed and printed on a 3D printer. Adaptations were made to ensure that the final result was as objective and practical as possible, thus facilitating its use. Results: With the model, it was possible to train the initial stages of a septoplasty procedure, which can be performed in various environments, due to its low weight, facilitating its transport. It allows the user to become familiar with the septoplasty instruments and the use of photophorus in a limited surgical space that is the nasal cavity, giving them the opportunity to improve manual dexterity, essential during a real procedure. Conclusion: The present prototype offers a new option for training and to improve the surgical skills of the resident doctor, providing greater safety and dexterity, through prior training in a specific model, for later transfer of these skills to a real surgical environment.


A series of azole derivatives has been synthesized and assessed for in vitro antihelmentic activity against Pheretima posthuma. In present study, hippuric acid was esterified to ethyl-2-benzamidoacetate and then reacted with hydrazine hydrate to yield 2 – benzamidoacteohydrazide. The later compound was then condensed with hydrazine hydrate, carbon-di-sulfide and phenyl isothiocyanate to obtain different azole derivatives viz. 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR and Mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were found to possess potential antihelmentic activity


The present technology relates generally to laserablation, and more particularly pertains to a system and method for elimi nating structure and edge roughness, which is produced dur ing the laser ablation of a material. Ablation of materials using a femtosecond laser beam produces a fine Scale periodic structure in the ablated region. The structure consists of residual (i.e. unablated material) and is always perpendicular to the polarization direction of the laser beam. By changing the polarization direction during the ablation process, the structure is averaged over many directions and thus elimi nated. This eliminates structure and edge roughness in a material caused by the laser ablation of the material. The method is employed to the repairing of photomasks So as to cause the optical quality thereof to be improved.


Man does not live in that mystical Nature to which Greek and Enlightenment philosophers referred. In two centuries man has created a technonature; that is, he has tried to free himself in broad measure from the constraints of the environment and he has managed to escape the usual fate of an animal species. Some ideologies (liberalism, democracy, scientism) have been comforted by the material achievements of the societies they sustained; others (autocracy, integration, Marxism) have crumbled on contact with technical and economic realities.


Collateral development in the lower extremity of the rabbit was studied by arteriographic techniques after occlusion of the femoral artery. Characteristic collateral patterns developed, depending on the level and extent of arterial occlusion. Early after the occlusion some pathways were found to conduct the flow rapidly to the distal stem. In subsequent arteriograms on the same animals these arterial channels were later seen to dominate the collateral circulation, while other pathways seemed to regress. In most cases the definitive appearance of the collateral pattern could be anticipated at an early time after the occlusion. During the development histological study showed a pronounced increase in the smooth muscle mass of the collateral arterial wall, which permitted further dilatation of the vessel. This increase was most pronounced in the intermediate zone of the collateral pathway, but was also clearly evident in the proximal and distal zones. A critical investigation of the arteriographic method of ...


This study investigates the PAZ SAR data in both VV and HH channels, contributing to PAZ product assessment. It focuses on deformation maps and deformation time series over a test site in Leeuwarden, the Netherlands. To optimize the estimates of the deformation time series and parameters of the temporal model, we developed and applied a model-backfeed method (MBF). This MBF iteratively re-introduces into phase unwrapping the best deformation model of every Constantly Coherent Scatterer, such as Persistent Scatterer (PS), determined by Multiple Hypothesis Testing (MHT). In this regard, distinct temporal behavior of individual scatterers is considered and modeled, thus improving the estimates of deformation time series. 24 co-polarimetric SAR data acquired between 2019 and 2021 are used for our test. The test result shows that PAZ SAR in HH offered 7% more PS than those in VV, and the VV mode identified a bit more PS along line-infrastructure like roads. Besides, by comparison and GNSS-based validation, we find that co-pol PAZ products are generally of a good quality. The MBF method increases the average ensemble coherence by 38% for VV and 35% for HH, and decreases the average spatio-temporal consistency by 2.3% for VV and HH and mitigates phase unwrapping errors, thereby optimize deformation estimates.


A novel label-free electrochemical aptamer biosensor was developed by using cysteine blocker as the electrochemical redox probe,and was used for the determination of thrombin.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor the self-assembly process of aptamer biosensor.The electrochemical behaviors of the biosensor were characterized by the cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry.The effects of the incubation time and test pH were investigated on the response of aptamer biosensor.The biosensor shows a good linear range of 10.0~10000 μg/L for thrombin with a detection limit of 2.47 μg/L.


ABSTRACTSurface nuclear magnetic resonance is a geophysical technique providing the ability to produce images of the subsurface water content profile. To produce reliable images, the physics of the excitation process must be accurately captured. Generally, the excitation is assumed to occur through a process known as on-resonance excitation. This assumes that the precession frequency of the magnetization is described by a single frequency at all locations in the subsurface and that the frequency of the applied magnetic field is set to this single frequency. However, several conditions can occur in which these assumptions may be violated. We explored two scenarios in which this is the case: Magnetic susceptibility contrasts lead to a distribution of precessional frequencies and (1) the transmit frequency is equal to the center of this distribution and (2) the transmit frequency is not equal to the center frequency of the distribution of precessional frequencies. Both of these scenarios leads to a condition...


We have previously provided evidence for a dual function of the adhesion molecule on glia (AMOG/j32), the 82 subunit of the murine Na,K-ATPase, both as neural recognition molecule mediating neuron-glia interactions and as functional j3 subunit of the sodium pump. TO analyze the functional role of AMOGIj32 in neurite outgrowth, AMOG/flB-expressing L-cells were generated by transfection and used as substrates for neurite outgrowth of cerebellar and hippocampal neurons. AMOG/fiB-transfected L-cells led to an increase in neurite length after 6 h, which was specifically inhibited by antibodies to AMOG/fl2 and a neuronal membrane fraction. Moreover, the extracellular domain of AMOGIj32 generated as a soluble recombinant protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells partially inhibited the increase in neurite outgrowth on AMOGIj32transfected L-cells. L-cells transfected with the mouse 81 subunit had no effect on neurite extension. Our observations show for the first time differences in functional properties for different j3 isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase and suggest that AMOG//32 but not j31 is able to interact with an unknown neuronal receptor leading to increased neurite outgrowth, most likely via signal transduction.


A new technique for accurate direct measurement of protein-toprotein interactions before and after the introduction of a drug candidate is developed using atomic force micrsocopy (AFM). An example using T-cell/CD28 immobilized on-chip and B-cell/CD80 immobilized on an AFM tip was performed and demonstrated that a drug candidate, cynarin, could block CD80 from binding with CD28 via unbinding force measurements. The average unbinding forces between CD28 and CD80 after blocking by cynarin were reduced from 61.4 pN to 38.9 pN with a blocking effect of 37% as compared with only 9% by surface plasma resonance (SPR) measurement. AFM, which can provide accurate quantitative measures, provides an attractive option as a method for drug screening. The method could be applied to a wider variety of drug candidates with advances in bio-chip technology. Page 2460


Wireless sensor networks(WSNs) finds wide applications in variousfields. The most important problem faced by these networksis low lifetime. These are generally battery powered devices withability to communicate with each other. Networks should be designedso that load is equally distributed among the nodes. In WSNs maximum load is on nodes being cluster heads, so for proper load distribution various nodes should get chance of becoming cluster head. Further entire network should have proper connectivity that is clusters should be evenly distributed throughout the network. To achieve this paper discusses algorithm to get dominating sets in a fully connected network.Dominating sets ensure that either a node is a cluster head or is adjacent to a cluster head. This leads to even distribution whichmay increase the lifespan of entire network. Not much attention has been given to even distribution of clusters.WSNs consists ofspatially distributed nodes over a target area with sensing and communication facility. Purpose of thesenodes is to study the entire area and communicate their observation to the central base station. This work presents an idea to form evenly distributed clusters. Even distribution in necessary for proper load sharing and prolonging the life of network. It needs much more emphasis than given to it. Further Ranking methodology has been discussed to rank the dominating sets based on certain parameters. This ranking methodology is used to determine which dominating set should become cluster heads ensuring even distribution.Ranking methodology comes into play if more than one dominating sets are obtained. These may be used where it is difficult for humans to physically visit on a regular basis. High lifetime of network ensures less physical presence of humans.


The main objective of this paper is the cost optimization of Hybrid Energy System (HES) - a combination of a solar Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine (WT), battery and a Diesel Generator (DG). In recent years, HES has become one of the most significant and promising system, which requires safer means of maintaining the system's security, stability and reliability and with a large number of distributed generation access, it cannot be ignored. These have become common in remote space, power generation applications as a result of advancements in renewable energy technologies. The main aim is to cover the load demand under varying weather conditions and to control the power delivered by a 100 KW HES and also overall Power Management Strategy (PMS) is designed for HES to manage the power flows among the different energy sources and the storage unit in the system . The control of internal powers and PMS should be implemented to satisfy the stand-alone requirements while maximizing the benefit of Renewable Energy Source (RES) and optimizing the operation of each storage unit. HOMER is used to evaluate the optimal sizing of the components in HES and reliability is also fulfilled at the same time.  In this, the electrification costs like capital, replacement, operation and maintenance cost and fuel cost are considered for optimal designing.


AbstractIn this paper, the term network pruning is used to describe the process of extracting an appropriate subnetwork from a larger network for efficient and accurate path search. There is sparse...


Aerodynamic database plays an important role in conceptual/preliminary design of aircraft.The aerodynamics of a wide variety of aircraft configuration designs can be evaluated rapidly and economically by using it.Based on COM/DCOM technology,Framework of aircraft aerodynamic database system has been designed and developed to meet the practical requirements of aircraft design and flight simulation by modular programming in the paper.Aerodynamic data management of aircraft has been implemented and also data of aircraft shared by multi-applications or users has been implemented in the LAN.


The titration of bacteriological media should not be regarded as a crude method of determining the reaction of media, but a process which reveals facts not disclosed by a simple hydrogen ion determination. For many puposes a knowledge of the buffer content of media is quite as important as the hydrogen ion concentration. The importance of the buffer content of media has been indicated by Kligler, 1 Bermann and Rettger, 2 Bronfenbrenner and Schlesinger, 3 H. Jones, 4 L. F. Foster 5 and C. G. L. Wolf. 6 The buffer content of media between stated limits of hydrogen on concentration is easily determined by titration against a standard acid or alkali solution. The amount of alkali required to reduce the hydrogen ion concentration of a medium from its initial reaction to a stated lower hydrogen ion concentration, say PH 8.0, may be called the "reserve acidity" 7 of the medium indicated by the symbols Rh(PHn − 8) in which n = the initial PH. The amount of acid required to raise the hydrogen ion concentration from PHn to, say, PH 5.0 may be called the "reserve alkalinity' indicated by the symbols R oH(PHn − 5). The "buffer index" indicated by the symbols BI (PH8 − 5) is the sum of the reserve acidity plus the reserve alkalinity. Each of these values is to be expressed in terms of per cent. normal acid or alkali, i.e., the number of cubic centimeters of N/I acid or alkali required to change the hydrogen ion concentration of 100 c.c. of medium from one stated hydrogen ion concentration to the other. While for most purposes of interest to the sanitary or medical bacteriologist the range of hydrogen ion concentration between the limits of PH 8.0 and PH 5.0 is sufficient, the buffer index between other limits may be determined for special purposes.


This paper presents an FPGA based hardware design for full search block matching (FSBM) based motion estimation (ME) in video compression. The significantly higher resolution of HDTV based applications is achieved by using FSBM based ME. The proposed architecture uses a modification of the sum-of-absolute-differences (SAD) computation in FSBM such that the total number of additions/subtraction operations is drastically reduced. This successfully optimizes the conflicting design requirements of high throughput and small silicon area. Comparison results demonstrate the superior performance of our architecture. Finally, the design of a reconfigurable block matching hardware has been discussed.


This research was carried out as the learning activities in the reading classroom were not yet effective. As a result, the student's ability to comprehend reading texts was poor. This study aims to improve the EFL students' reading comprehension by implementing the Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM), especially in comprehending IELTS reading texts. Classroom action research was conducted by following four stages; planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting the actions. The Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) consists of four stages; predicting, questioning, clarifying, and summarizing to engage the learners in groupwork activities, boost motivation, as well as enhance their comprehension. 28 learners from the English department who enrolled in the Reading course were selected as participants. Data were gathered through observations, tests, interviews, as well as document reviews. The results revealed that the Reciprocal Teaching Method (RTM) boosts students' ability to comprehend the IELTS reading texts and engages them during the teaching and learning process.


According to the current situation that the multimedia computer system is used in aided teaching, this article focuses on several respects such as the understanding of multimedia computer aided teaching system, the kinds of multimedia teaching software and its developing steps. This article also discusses the method that the multimedia technology realized in the teaching software.


The study of the problems of development merges with the classical problem of politics in the present concern with the integration of new nations. This problem of integration is the familiar one of political consensus, sometimes also called the problem of community. Each of these terms has numerous implications of meaning arising at once from both classical philosophy and recent social theory, but to the latter may be added the special group of meanings attached to the word community in Islam.


Kinetics of oxidation of Dyes by N-Chlorosuccinamide(NCS) in acetic acid medium has been done in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The reaction follows first order kinetics with respect to both [NCS], [Substrate] and [HCl]. Increases in ionic strength increases the rate and addition of the reaction product succinamide has a slight retarding effect on the reaction rate. Increase in the dielectric constant of the medium decreases the rate. Activation parameters have been evaluated from Arrhenius plot by studying the reaction at different temperature [40-55 oC] and oxidation products are identified. A most probable reaction mechanism is proposed and an appropriate rate law is deduced to account for the observed kinetic data.


A report was made about the retrospective comparison of a purely hormonal and a hormonal-tocolytic therapy of abortus imminens in 153 patients. The statistical comparison of the two groups was later specified. As a successful criterion, the successful childbirth was based upon. In this case it was found out, that an additional tocolytic medication of the final result was insignificantly affected, rather the hospital admittance under the tocolysis was significantly lengthened and the number of pregnancies which ended through abortion was reduced. Through this clear indication, it could be said, that pregnancies with delicate prognosis through tocolytic therapy are possibly unnecessarily lengthened and the final result is not better.


In this paper, we propose use of convolutional codes for file dispersal. The proposed method is comparable in complexity to the information Dispersal Algorithm proposed by M.Rabin and for particular choices of (non-binary) convolutional codes, is almost as efficient as that algorithm in terms of controlling expansion in the total storage. Further, our proposed dispersal method allows string


The goal of this research is to characterize different biological cells with the help of intracavity spectroscopy following the work of Gourley et al in 1997. This paper reports initial results on device fabrication, and modulation of laser threshold and slope efficiency, with the bioanalyte's refractive index. An approximate mathematical model is also proposed to support the experimental results.


We show that homogeneous line broadening drastically affects the performance of atomic Faraday filters. We study the effects of cell length and find that the behaviour of 'line-centre' filters are quite different from 'wing-type' filters, where the effect of self-broadening is found to be particularly important. We use a computer optimization algorithm to find the best magnetic field and temperature for Faraday filters with a range of cell lengths, and experimentally realize one particular example using a micro-fabricated 87Rb vapour cell. We find excellent agreement between our theoretical model and experimental data.


and currently serves as director of the UT Humanities Center. Recipient of two recent NEH grants, she is the author, editor, or coeditor of Sublime Desire: History and Post-1960s Fiction ( Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002), which won the Perkins Prize from the International Society for the Study of Narrative; The Planetary Turn: Relationality and Geoaesthetics in the 21st Century (Northwestern University Press, 2015); Time: A Vocabulary of the Present (New York University Press, 2016); and The Speculative Turn: The Arts of Beauford Delaney and James Baldwin ( forthcoming, Duke University Press), as well as author of more than thirty articles. She was a principal founder of ASAP: The Association for the Study of the Arts of the Present and the founding coeditor of ASAP/ Journal.