Pakistan is producing just 0.1% of its electricity from its coal resources. Electricity supply and demand gap in Pakistan is projected to increase rapidly till 2020. Pakistan has major reserves of lignite coal and similar coal has been used for electricity production in Greece, Turkey, Poland, and Germany. Natural gas and oil resources are also becoming meager in Pakistan, which stresses the use of coal gasification techniques for efficient energy generation. Underground coal gasification and fluidized bed combustion are appropriate choices for Pakistani low-grade Thar coal. Relatively high grade Makerwal and Lakhara coals can be gasified by integrated gasification combined cycle technology. Pakistan's abundant indigenous coal reserves can be used to produce fertilizer or different viable gaseous mixtures (producer gas, town gas, water gas, and synthetic natural gas). Syngas produced from coal can be used as an alternate of natural gas to run Pakistan fertilizer plants. Use of coal will also result in production of various chemicals for fertilizer (ammonia), textile (dyes, BTX, phenol, ethylene, and acetic acid) and transport (methanol, diesel, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas) sectors. Retrofitting of existing oil fired plants, installation of new gasification plants and improving the efficiency of existing coal based power plants has become inevitable for future survival of Pakistan's economy.


Newman and Wright [1] introduced the concepts of demimartingale and demi(sub)martingale. Definition 2 is due to Hadjikyriakou [2], since then, many scholars have studied it. For example, Christofides and Hadjikyriakou [3] established some maximal inequalities and asymptotic results for conditional demimartingales. Wang and Wang [4] obtained some maximal inequalities for conditional demi(sub)martingales and minimal inequalities for nonnegative conditional demimartingales. Feng and Gao [5] obtained conditional moment inequalities of conditional demisubmartingales. Feng, Wen and Yang [6] established a class of maximum inequalities of conditional demi(sub)martingales.Wang and Hu [7] established some maximal φ-inequalities for nonnegative conditional demimartingales and some maximal inequalities for conditional demimartingales based on concave Young functions. Inspired by reference [8], this paper first gave the definition of demi(sub)martingale and conditional demi(sub)martingale. On this basis, we further obtained a class of maximal inequalities for conditional demimartingales . Notation and conventions. Throughout this paper, { , 1}  n X n or { , 1}  n S n denote a sequence of random variables defined on a fixed probability space   , ,P  G , ( ) E X F denote the conditional expectation of X , that is, F F E (X)= E(X | ) , where F be a subs algebra of G . Let max(0, )   X X , max( , )   a b a b , ( ) I A denote the indicator function of the set A , 0 S 0  , log log ln   e x x x , log ln( 1)    x x . Let C denote the class of Orlicz functions, that is, unbounded, nondecreasing convex functions     : 0, 0,    f with (0) 0  f . Let


According to the analysis of the survey on the Lihu tunnel construction,the paper adopts the two-arch structure,illustrates the design and the calculation of the main body structure,the construction of the two-arch board structure,and its construction methods.It is proved that the application of the two-arch board in the construction of Lihu tunnel is successful and it has better social benefits as well as economic interests.


The majority of systemic immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (SARDs — systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases) have several stages. The most important characteristic of SARDs is pathological activation of B cells and overproduction of organ-specific autoantibodies (auto-Abs), which react with different peptides and cell components and are regarded as biological markers of rheumatic diseases. The main serological markers of SARDs include antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factors, anticyclic citrullinatedpeptide antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Positive tests for these auto-Abs are among the classification criteria for SARDs and are used to evaluate the activity and severity of the diseases, to identify some clinical laboratory subtypes, to predict the development and progression of organ pathology, therapy effectiveness, etc. Moreover, they may serve as predictors of SARD development at a preclinical stage. It has been proved that immunopathological disturbances associated with the loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens and with the initiation of systemic autoimmunity and inflammation develop 5 years on average before the appearance of the first clinical symptoms. Thus, detection of serological markers for SARDs at a preclinical stage, i.e. in the absence of extensive clinical manifestations, makes it possible to use preventive strategies in people at high risk for these diseases. Using rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis as an example, the paper analyzes the clinical significance of detection of auto-Abs at preclinical or early clinical stages of SARDs when immunopathological disorders have not yet become severe and/or irreversible.


The unity of heterogeneous sensory channels plays an essential role in our learning and development. The multisensory approaches to learning imply a simultaneous use of visual, auditory, kinesthetic-tactile and other possible modalities. The paper analyses the affordances of multisensory learning via the framework of semiotics of culture and contemporary research in education, as well as explores the relations between multisensory perception of environment and multimodality of representation in learning. The multimodal nature of human communication became explicit in the age of the Internet and audiovisual media. The development of digital technology also made it possible to consider the multiplicity of representational modes in learning. Whereas multisensory learning practices usually emerge in vernacular contexts, the recent developments in education and semiotics of culture offer unprecedented means for supporting such practices both in formal and non-formal education. Also, the multisensory learning practices are inherent to the development of the new literacies necessary for meaning-making in the contemporary media environment. The theoretical discussion is followed by the analysis of a practical example – digital educational platform Education on Screen. The platform aims to facilitate a meaningful dialogue with the cultural heritage by means of multimodal and multisensory learning.


Excerpt In 1932 William Loeffler,1professor of medicine at the University of Zurich, described the syndrome that bears his name. Subsequently, in 1934, he reported 12 additional cases at the Fourth...


State building has traditionally been viewed strictly as the prerogative of rulers. However, recent studies have been focusing more on the perspective of state building from below. Princes and cent ...


This thesis is a self-contained treatise on the application
of the Gauge Technique (GT) - a non-perturbative, self-consistent
method for calculating gauge field theory Green functions - to
Spinor and Scalar Electrodynamics. It includes a discussion
of the elements that form the method, and a thorough review of
the technique's development and uses.
The simplest and most primitive version of the GT determines
the "longitudinal" components of the photon-amputated, connected,
Green functions and efficiently reproduces the exact infra-red
behaviour as well as the ultra-violet behaviour of the source
2-point functions; it is only gauge covariant in these asymptotic
regimes. We present a new algorithm for extending the GT beyond
the simplest version. The algorithm introduces transverse
corrections into the GT in an intrinsically non-perturbative way
and is a significant improvement on previously advocated methods.
These transverse corrections (exact to order e4) are vital for
restoring gauge covariance in subasymptotic momentum regimes and
do not disturb the asymptotic results.


Achieving the long-endurance of a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle is difficult under a limited amount of energy and specific meteorological environments. Therefore, it is essential to manage the energy used by a solar-powered UAV during a mission. In this paper, a framework for energy-based path planning for a solar-powered UAV is presented. In order to generate the optimal path in terms of energy in a specific meteorological environment, the energy model of a solar-powered UAV is considered with regard to wind field. Additionally, the optimal energy path is examined through the optimal control technique. The optimal path is then applied to some case studies regarding solar-powered UAVs, and evaluated in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. The optimization results show that the resulting path is indeed the optimal path, which increases the endurance of a flight and takes weather conditions into accounts. The proposed approach is also expected to find optimal paths in accordance with real weather environments and/or various weather situations.


Perforated blocks made of shale as the matrix material were designed and constructed with holes drilled in a dense rectangular arrangement as a way of improving thermal insulation while retaining s...


: The process gg → h 0 → γγ is studied in the Lee-Wick extension of the Standard Model (LWSM) proposed by Grinstein, O'Connell and Wise. In this model negative norm partners for each SM field are introduced with the aim to cancel quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass. All sectors of the model relevant to gg → h 0 → γγ are diagonalized and results are commented on from the perspective of both the Lee-Wick and higher derivative formalisms. Deviations from the SM rate for gg → h 0 are found to be of the order of 15% – 5% for Lee-Wick masses in the range 500 GeV – 1000 GeV. Effects on the rate for h 0 → γγ are smaller, of the order of 3% – 1% for Lee-Wick masses in the same range. These comparatively small changes may well provide a means of distinguishing the LWSM from other models such as universal extra dimensions where same-spin partners to Standard Model fields also appear. Corrections to determinations of CKM elements | V t ( b,s,d ) | are also considered and are shown to be positive, allowing the possibility of measuring a CKM element larger than unity, a characteristic signature of the ghost-like nature of the Lee-Wick fields.


The increasing use of genome sequencing with patients raises a critical communication challenge: return of secondary findings. While the issue of what sequencing results should be returned to patients has been examined, much less attention has been paid to developing strategies to return these results in ways that meet patients' needs and preferences. To address this, we investigated delivery preferences (i.e., who, how, when) for individual genome sequencing results among women diagnosed with breast cancer at age 40 or younger.


Economic sustainability is a pressing concern for many digital library projects. One key to achieving economic sustainability is to make the digital library an integral part of its parent organisation. This can be done by having a sound product, launched at the right stage, and valued by users. Influential champions for the digital library are also required and librarians must be prepared to network and cultivate useful contacts. Funding sources can include sponsorship, in‐kind support, fee charging and the ultimate aim, integration.


In the integrated navigation system,high precision navigation algorithms have an important influence on navigation calculation precision.In order to improve the navigation positioning accuracy of the strapdown inertia]navigation system(SINS)/ synthetic aperture radar(SAR) integrated navigation systems and aim at the particle filtering problem that it is difficult to select the importance density function,this paper presented an adaptive central difference particle filtering(CDPF) algorithm by adopting central difference Kalman filtering to obtain state estimation and covariance,and then the adaptive factor calculated can adaptively regulate the estimation and covariance information.It provides adjustable parameters of importance density function and is more suitable for filtering calculation based on nonlinear and non-Gaussian models,through considering the latest measurement information and improving the particle filtering performance.The proposed algorithm was applied to SINS/SAR integrated navigation system.Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive CDPF outperforms the extended Kalman filtering,particle filtering and CDPF in terms of positioning calculation accuracy in navigation system.


The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of five experimental variables (style of play, sheath and central structure of synthetic strings, racket frame, and game court) on the tension loss in tennis strings in field situations, using experimental design methodology. Sixteen experiments were defined using a fractional factorial design 2(5–1). The tension loss in tennis strings was calculated by the difference between the tension measured just before and just after one hour of play. Multiple linear regression was performed to express the tension loss as a function of the five experimental variables and their first‐order interactions. The results showed that the tension loss was influenced by three main experimental variables: game court, racket frame, and string‐sheath, and by four two‐factor interactions, including the style of play and string central structure interaction term. The tension loss in tennis strings was minimal when playing with an 18‐main‐string racket frame strung with an S1‐coated string on a hard court. This work suggested that experimental designs could help researchers to highlight the sport implements' behaviour in field situations.


The role of non-neuronal cells in the resolution of cerebral ischemia remains to be fully understood. To decode key cellular processes that occur after ischemia, we performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomic profiling of mouse brain tissue during the first week of injury. Cortical gene expression was severely disrupted, being defined by inflammation and cell death in the lesion core, and glial scar formation on the periphery. For each of the three major glial populations, an inflammatory-responsive state, resembling the reactive states observed in neurodegenerative contexts, was documented. The recovered spectrum of ischemia-induced oligodendrocyte states supports the emerging hypothesis that oligodendrocytes actively respond to and modulate the neuroinflammatory stimulus. Thus, we present a landmark transcriptomic dataset that provides a comprehensive view of spatiotemporal organization of processes in the post-ischemic brain and documents the conservation of glial response in CNS pathology.


Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of recent airline consolidations in the United States on the technical efficiencies of the airlines involved. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used to assess the efficiencies, and the consolidations examined are those that occurred among major network carriers between 2005 and 2013. The airline production process is conceptualized as the transformation of labor, fuel, and fleet-wide seating capacity into available seat-miles, or, under an alternative model specification, into user value, as measured by the airline's operating revenue. Efficiency is conceptualized in terms of minimizing the airline's usage of the three inputs, given its output level. The analysis seeks to determine whether the airlines that consolidated were more efficient, post-consolidation, than they were prior to consolidation, compared to airlines that did not enter into consolidations. Although there are limitations owing to the small number of airlines in the dataset, the chapter finds no evidence that the consolidations enhanced the efficiencies of the airlines involved, relative to the efficiencies of the airlines that did not enter into consolidations.


Patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) undergo periodic endoscopic surveillance with random biopsies in an effort to detect dysplastic or early cancerous lesions. Surveillance may be enhanced by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIRS), which has the potential to identify endoscopically-occult dysplastic lesions within the Barrett's segment and allow for targeted biopsies. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of NIRS for identifying dysplastic lesions in BE in vivo. Raman spectra (Pexc=70 mW; t=5 s) were collected from Barrett's mucosa at endoscopy using a custom-built NIRS system (λexc=785 nm) equipped with a filtered fiber-optic probe. Each probed site was biopsied for matching histological diagnosis as assessed by an expert pathologist. Diagnostic algorithms were developed using genetic algorithm-based feature selection and linear discriminant analysis, and classification was performed on all spectra with a bootstrap-based cross-validation scheme. The analysis comprised 192 samples (112 non-dysplastic, 54 low-grade dysplasia and 26 high-grade dysplasia/early adenocarcinoma) from 65 patients. Compared with histology, NIRS differentiated dysplastic from non-dysplastic Barrett's samples with 86% sensitivity, 88% specificity and 87% accuracy. NIRS identified 'high-risk' lesions (high-grade dysplasia/early adenocarcinoma) with 88% sensitivity, 89% specificity and 89% accuracy. In the present study, NIRS classified Barrett's epithelia with high and clinically-useful diagnostic accuracy.


Though much is known about ${\bf s}$-lecture hall polytopes, there are still many unanswered questions. In this paper, we show that ${\bf s}$-lecture hall polytopes satisfy the integer decomposition property (IDP) in the case of monotonic ${\bf s}$-sequences. Given restrictions on a monotonic ${\bf s}$-sequence, we discuss necessary and sufficient conditions for the Fano, reflexive and Gorenstein properties. Additionally, we give a construction for producing Gorenstein/IDP lecture hall polytopes.


OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and drug costs of cefminox from two different manufacturers in treating urinary system infection so as to guide clinical rational use and choice of drugs.METHODS: A total of 64 cases were randomly administered with 1g import cefminox(group A,n=32) or 1g domestic cefminox(group B,n=32) bid by intravenous drip for 7 consecutive days.RESULTS: The effective rates of group A vs.group B were 93.8% vs.90.6%,and both groups showed satisfactory safety.The drug costs of group A vs.group B were 1 820.0 vs.1 030.4 yuan,i.e,789.6 yuan less in group B than in group A.CONCLUSION: Under the precondition of no significant difference between two groups in therapeutic efficacy,group B is more economical and effective in the treatment of urinary system infection.


This paper shows how analyzing styles in fiction can be achieved in three ways: an in-depth examination of the role assignment of lexico-syntactic features, categorization of the choices in combining words, and examination of strategies in presenting characters' perspectives. It offers ways on how to guide students in English as a second language (ESL) in analyzing and appreciating English fiction. It aims to equip them with language tools in evaluating a writer's intended and desired aesthetic effects by using chosen linguistic features. To achieve this objective, this paper applies M.A.K. Halliday's systemic-functional grammatical model illustrating how language works in Joyce's Eveline, a short story. Specifically, this paper shows how EFL or ESL students can acquire a deeper appreciation of the worldview, perspective, or point of view of the author and his characters. Also, it illustrates how they may have a deeper appreciation of the craft, originality, and ingenuity of an author. Moreover, it demonstrates how using different techniques in speech and thought presentation could be made accessible by showing how rendering thoughts, feelings, and expressions can offer new perceptions and appreciations of what seems to be habitualized and ineffectual.


Test structure and the differential signal probe comprises a differential gain cell reduces the variation of the frequency dependence of the input impedance of the test structure, including compensation to the mirror effect.


Motor unit (MU) recruitment patterns were studied during dynamic and static contractions at workloads corresponding to 10% of maximal voluntary contraction force. The dynamic contraction consisted of a 20% flexion and extension of the elbow performed with a velocity of 10μ/s. Motor unit potential trains were recorded from the branchial biceps muscle of 6 healthy females using a quadripolar needle electrode and a computerized decomposition program. Properties of the identified MUs were derived from concentric needle EMG. A total of 119 MUs were identified during dynamic contractions, 107 MUs during static anisotonic contractions, and 96 MUs during static isotonic contractions. The main result was that MUs recruited during different contractions showed similar properties and may belong to the same part of the motoneuron pool. This indicates that MU recruitment patterns during dynamic contractions may be almost as stereotypical as during static contractions and may even activate the same MUs.© 1995 John Wiley &Sons, Inc.


Like most other parts of the Australian public sector, Australian universities have been required to do more with less over the past decade. A key strategy in reducing costs has been the increased casualisation of teaching. This paper uses a hard/soft model of Human Resource Management as a framework within which to argue that increased casualisation of university teaching has increased the emotional labour associated with casual teaching. The intensification of emotional labour is usually accompanied by increased workplace stress. Furthermore, this emotional labour is neither recognised nor valued by university managers, hence it is unremunerated. This paper briefly reviews the concept of emotional labour and then identifies a range of issues that are contributing to the intensification of the emotional labour that is being performed by casual teaching staff. The paper concludes with a call for a more systematic investigation of the issues identified here.


The present invention provides a creep (Creep) characteristics are excellent industrial high strength polyester yarn, and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, single yarn fineness of 5 to 15 dpf and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.8 to 1.25 dl / g, 2 minutes at 220 ℃ 1 after the thermal treatment g / d under the load of, and this eseo 160 ℃ 24 sigan applying a load equal to 3% elongation which creep strain measured for the polyester yarn of 4.7% or less under a load corresponding to the 3% elongation it is prior to the heat treatment a load measurement on the yarn - which, based on the values obtained on the elongation curve, the present invention relates to industrial polyester yarn and method of manufacturing the same. Creep strain rate, high strength polyester yarn


We derive an analytic expression for evaluating the transient rotational dynamics for diatomic molecules in an optical frequency comb which is tuned to induce a series of pure rotational transitions. The formulation is made with the matrix spectral decomposition technique. The derived transient probability amplitude can be separated into a Bessel function of the first kind and a summation of other oscillating terms. The time dependence of the obtained probability is shown as a step function. We confirm that the evaluated probabilities are consistent with the numerical computations.


Heat denaturation of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLf) from rice with 3 different iron-saturation degrees, holo rhLf (iron-saturated), AsIs rhLf (60% iron saturation), and apo rhLf (iron-depleted), was studied. The 3 forms of rhLf were subjected to heat treatment, and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the denaturation process were determined. Thermal denaturation of rhLf was assessed by measuring the loss of reactivity against specific antibodies. Dt values (time to reduce 90% of immunoreactivity) decreased with increasing temperature of treatment for apo and holo rhLf, those values being higher for the iron-saturated form, which indicates that iron confers thermal stability to rhLf. However, AsIs rhLf showed a different behaviour with an increase in resistance to heat between 79 °C and 84 °C, so that the kinetic parameters could not be calculated. The heat denaturation process for apo and holo rhLf was best described assuming a reaction order of 1.5. The activation energy of the denaturation...


Polymeric modifier composition, polymer composition using the modified compositions, as well as processing properties of the thermoplastic polymer, the physical properties and method for improving the optical properties is provided. The polymer-modified composition comprises a nucleating and / or clarifying agent, and a dispersing agent.


In patients with highly contagious diseases that are spread by respiratory droplets or air‐borne particles, the use of high‐flow oxygen may carry a significant risk of nosocomial transmission. We tested a new oxygen delivery device designed to address these problems by simulating 108 patients with sepsis and respiratory failure. The device being tested consisted of an airtight mask, a bacterial and viral filter, a T‐shaped reservoir (50 and 100 ml) and oxygen delivery tubing connected directly to the mask. When tested with a 50‐ml reservoir, a high fractional oxygen concentration was achieved: mean (SD) 0.83 (0.11) at a flow of 15 l.min−1 oxygen. The 50‐ml reservoir, when compared with the 100‐ml reservoir, was associated with reduced carbon dioxide rebreathing (mean (SD) inspired fractional carbon dioxide concentration 2.5 (1.0) vs 3.0 (1.1), respectively, p = 0.009) and reduced inspiratory resistive work of breathing (mean (SD) 1.0 (0.6) J.l−1 vs 1.2 (0.5) J.l−1, respectively, p = 0.028). However, rebreathing and work of breathing were relatively high if a high respiratory rate was simulated. We conclude that the novel oxygen device we describe, equipped with the 50‐ml T‐shaped reservoir, is suitable for potentially infectious patients with type‐1 respiratory failure but without marked tachypnoea.


In this project, we compare two error functions for the purpose of training artificial neural networks on heavily censored data (data where key information is missing).

J. Kalderstam et al. has shown that it is possible to train artificial neural networks directly on Harrell's C index \cite{Harrell} using genetic algorithms. He has also investigated the possibilities of improving the performance of a neural network trained on what is is referred to as the mean squared censored error, introduced by Van Belle et al. using the marginal distributions estimates of the uncensored data.

This project develops the method further, investigating the difference in performance between a network trained on the C index and a network trained on a new performance estimator, the Soft C, which introduces the marginal distribution estimates of the C index.

The Soft C trained network seems to outperform Cox Regression, which is a standard method that new methods are always compared to. However, the results of the compared performance of the error functions, during validation, were inconclusive and further studies are required in order to determine which of the error functions performs the best.


The paper is aimed to show that directly referring terms have to be rigid designators. Since directly referring expressions refer to something on the basis of semantic conventions alone and since the conventions are independent of possible worlds, there cannot be a directly referring expression with shifting reference across possible worlds. Although this claim seems to be indubitable and widely recognized, it was questioned recently. Drawing on D. Lewis' ontology of counterparts, G. Marti has shown that a directly referring expression is capable to refer to different objects in different possible worlds. A directly referring term designating an object in our world is supposed to designate its counterparts in other possible world. The paper tries to show that the purported directly referring terms assumed by Marti's argument are not, in fact, directly referring.


A novel two-dimensional small angle probe is introduced, which is based on principle of auto-collimation and utilizes quadrant Si-photoelectric detector (QPD) as detection device. AC modulation, AC magnification and absolute value demodulation are incorporated to restrain the DC excursion caused by background light and noise etc and to improve the sensitivity and stability of angle detection. To ensure that while the laser is shining, the current signal (converted into voltage signal) of QPD also is linear to the AC modulation voltage, this paper adopted AC modulation signal (5400Hz) with a DC offset. AC magnification circuit with reasonable parameters is designed to inhibit DC drift and the impact of industrial frequency noise and to ensure good amplification to signal frequency at the same time. A piezoelectric-driven micro-angle generator is designed to demarcate the angle. The calibration data are input to single chip, and the measurement of angles can be shown in SMC1602A.


Supported catalysts are among the most important classes of catalysts. They are typically prepared by wet chemical methods, such as impregnation or co-precipitation. Here we describe, that dry ball milling of macroscopic metal powder in the presence of a support oxide leads in many cases to supported catalysts with particles in the nanometer size range. Various supports, including TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and Co3O4, and different metals, such as Au, Pt, Ag, Cu, and Ni, were studied, and for each of them, highly dispersed nanoparticles on supports could be prepared. The supported catalysts were tested in CO oxidation, where they showed activities in the same range as conventionally prepared catalysts. The methods thus provides a simple and cheap alternative to the conventionally used impregnation methods.


Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening metabolic state that complicates insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In the absence of sufficient insulin, glucose is unable to enter cells, and the concentration in plasma increases. When the renal threshold is exceeded (generally at a concentration of about 180 mg/dL), an osmotic diuresis occurs, leading to dehydration. Additional water is lost through hyperventilation (an attempt to compensate for metabolic acidosis), vomiting, and in some cases, diarrhea. Water is drawn from the intracellular space to the plasma to equilibrate the tonicity of the two compartments, bolstering the circulation but producing further intracellular dehydration. Fat is metabolized for fuel because glucose without adequate insulin is not available to cells; beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid are produced in the process and contribute to acidosis.


In this expository paper we will be primarily concerned with core aspects of Grids and Grid computing using open-source software with some emphasis on utility computing. It is based on a technical report entitled 'Grid-Computing Using Linux' by the present author.


We previously reported that milk production by dairy cows was increased by adding specific xylanase-rich (XYL) and xylanase-cellulase enzymes to corn silage-based diets containing 0 or 10% bermudagrass silage. This study examined effects of adding XYL on the intake and performance of lactating dairy cows consuming a totally mixed ration (TMR) formulated with a greater proportion of bermudagrass silage. Endoglucanase and xylanase activities of XYL were 3,283 and 46,281 μmol/min/mL, respectively. Forty lactating Holstein cows (16 multiparous and 24 primiparous; 21 ± 3 days in milk; body weight 589 ± 73 kg) were stratified by milk production and parity and assigned randomly to Control and XYL diets. The TMR (crude protein of 16.2% of dry matter [DM], neutral detergent fiber of 36.4% of DM, and net energy for lactation of 1.65 Mcal/kg of DM) contained 20% bermudagrass silage, 25% corn silage, and 55% concentrate (DM basis). Immediately before the a.m. (0700 h) and p.m. (1300 h) feedings, the enzyme was sprayed on the XYL diet at the rate of 1 mL/kg of TMR DM in a Calan data ranger and mixed. A second data ranger was used to feed control cows. Cows were fed experimental diets for 70 d after they were fed a common diet for a 9-d covariate period. The experiment had a randomized complete block design. The statistical model included effects of enzyme, parity, week, and their interactions as well as covariate milk production or DM intake. The random effect was cow nested within treatment. Application of XYL did not (P > 0.10) affect milk yield (35.1 vs. 36.2 kg/d), DM intake (24.0 vs 23.7 kg/d for XYL and Control), 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) (36.1 vs. 36.9 kg/d), yields of milk fat (1.29 vs. 1.31 kg/d) and protein (1.07 vs. 1.08 kg/d), milk fat concentration (3.65 vs. 3.61%), and body weight change (0.26 vs. 0.33 kg/d) compared with control cows. However, cows fed the diet treated with XYL had greater milk protein concentration (P = 0.01; 3.02 vs. 2.95%) and tended to have less feed efficiency (P = 0.06; 1.52 vs. 1.57 kg of FCM/kg of DMI) compared with cows fed the control diet. Adding XYL to a diet containing 20% bermudagrass silage and 25% corn silage did not improve DM intake or milk production.


Sequential proteolysis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by (cid:1) - and (cid:2) -secretase activities yields the amyloid (cid:1) peptide that is widely deposited in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. The membrane-anchored aspartyl protease (cid:1) -site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) exhibits all of the characteristics of a (cid:1) -secre-tase and has been shown to cleave APP at its (cid:1) -site in vitro and in vivo . We found that BACE undergoes cleavage on a surface-exposed (cid:3) -helix between amino acid residues Leu-228 and Ala-229, generating stable N- and C-terminal fragments that remain covalently associated via a disulfide bond. The efficiency of BACE endoproteolysis was observed to depend heavily on cell and tissue type. In contrast to brain where holoprotein was pre-dominant, BACE was found primarily as endoproteolyzed fragments in pancreas, liver, and muscle. In addition,


We deposited homogeneous, thin, yellow-colored films of chitosan (Chi)-N,N-dimethyl-4-(2-pyridylazo)aniline (PADA) dye from an acid Chi–PADA solution by spin-coating on glass substrates. We characterized Chi, PADA, and Chi–PADA films by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy, which revealed a slight shift of 3170 and 3268 cm−1 bands, indicating H-bonding between the chitosan hydroxyl (OH) group and the amine (N) of the PADA pyridine ring. Based on these analyses, it was possible to determine the efficiency of the hydrogen bonds to form a Surface Relief Grating (SRG) on azo-polymer thin film. Moreover, we performed UV–VIS spectroscopy analysis of this film, which showed a broad band extending from 400 to 700 nm, with the maximum occurring at 428 nm. Therefore, we selected, within the absorption band, the 532 nm green laser wavelength to irradiate the azo-polymer films at room temperature. For the first time, natural polymer derivative and dye sample Chi–PADA thin films showed unique photoresponsive behavior under irradiation with two interfering laser beams. This permitted us to generate surface inscription patterning known as an SRG, which we confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and for which we determined a grating depth up to 50 nm. The present study opens the new possibility of using natural polymer-dye thin films.


This paper mainly researches the deterministic methods that discriminating threshold by signal noise ration of different kinds of genes, approaches the relation between frequency spectrum and signal noise ration under Voss mapping and Z-curve mapping, and concludes the deterministic methods and threshold results of different kinds of gene thresholds.


An optical transmitter composed of a 90-nm CMOS driver and a high efficiency 1060nm VCSEL is characterized. The 10Gb Ethernet eye mask specification is met with a +33% margin with 1.7 mW/Gbps power consumption.


Within the federal tax and budgetary debate in Brazil, this article seeks to characterize and conceptualize the federalism as well as the ideal type from the U.S. federal arrangement. Through historical analysis and the crossing of different concepts in the literature about federalism, we observe that there was an evolutionary profile of U.S federalism. The federative model has three general characteristics of forms in its evolution history, they are: i) The competition that is hegemonic at the time of creation of the federal arrangement. ii) The militarism moment that is the transition with centralized power in the federal government. iii) The financial and tax transfers as an element of public policy nationalization. We concluded that the U.S. federal arrangement is an important reference tool for the reduction of regional differences in Brazilian federal arrangement.


In this paper the application technology of fly ash in concrete and mortar is introduced. And based upon discussion and analysis on physical properties, chemical features and other characters of fly ash author points out that flyash concrete is widely used in construction with stabile performances and high quality.


Face detection is a crucial task in multistage computer vision systems. This paper establishes an effort to summarize the face detection algorithms published in the field. Survey and review papers are always very helpful for both new and experienced researchers equally. Such surveys enable new researchers to dive deeply into the field and grasp gist of algorithms, while experienced researchers can easily track advancements in a specific area. Therefore, survey papers have an important role of contribution in the field. This article points out and summarizes the algorithms in which feature extraction techniques and back end machine learning classifiers have been investigated. The algorithms are compared quantitatively and qualitatively.


Three new marine tardigrade species from the deep-sea genus Coronarctus are described from the South-Western Atlantic Ocean: Coronarctus dissimilis sp. nov., C. neptunus sp. nov., and C. yurupari sp. nov. These, and C. laubieri Renaud-Mornant, 1987, are the first records of deep-sea tardigrades from this marine region. Specimens of those species were collected from two localities of the Brazilian continental slope (Potiguar and Campos basins) at depths comprised between 150 and 3000 m. Specimens of the three new species have short cephalic appendages and heteromorphic claws, belonging to the, here designated, C. tenellus group of species. Each of the new species can be distinguished from all the other species of the group by their peculiar-shaped secondary clavae and claws. The most relevant morphological characters used for the taxonomy of the genus: shape of cephalic cirri, shape of secondary-clavae, size and number of accessory spines on claws, and shape of seminal receptacles, are discussed and an identification key to all ten known Coronarctus species is provided.


Summary Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) is used in traditional medicine to inhibit the implantation of embryos. The objective of this study was to determine the number of embryos per pregnancy and the mortality rate in pregnant mice. 115 vaginal plug-positive mice were divided into 4 groups. The animals were given 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of CCT until 17th day of gestation. Control group was fed with solvent. At the day 17, the animals were sacrificed and the number of pregnant mice and embryos per pregnancy were counted. We found that while in 30 mg/kg group the mean number of embryos per pregnancy was around 10, no embryo was found in other groups. Furthermore, 3 out of 30 mice in 30 mg/kg group died, while in 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups the number of death was 7 and 14, respectively. In conclusion, CCT reduces the number of embryos and increases the mortality rate in pregnant mice in a dosedependent manner.


* Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht; Lund University, Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund University, Sweden. E-mail: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com ** Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com *** University of Cagliari, CRENoS, Via S. Giorgio, 09124 Cagliari, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com **** University of Barcelona, Faculty of Economics and Business, John M. Keynes, 08034, Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: email@example.com


Date Presented 04/02/2022
 Focal task-specific dystonia is a fine motor disorder that affects professional musicians, for whom this diagnosis is often career ending. This study explored musicians' perceptions of the lived experience of focal task-specific dystonia. The findings of this study suggest client-centered and collaborative approaches to care, highlighting the importance of addressing emotional factors related to chronic conditions and occupational transition and the need for improved approaches to evaluation.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Jill Olson Moser
 Contributing Authors: Julie Bass


A Riemannian or Finsler metric on a compact manifold M gives rise to a length function on the free loop space \Lambda M, whose critical points are the closed geodesics in the given metric. If X is a homology class on \Lambda M, the minimax critical level cr(X) is a critical value. Let M be a sphere of dimension >2, and fix a metric g and a coefficient field G. We prove that the limit as deg(X) goes to infinity of cr(X)/deg(X) exists. We call this limit the "global mean frequency" of M. As a consequence we derive resonance statements for closed geodesics on spheres; in particular either all homology on \Lambda M of sufficiently high degreee lies hanging on closed geodesics whose mean frequency (average index / length) equals the global mean frequency, or there is a sequence of infinitely many closed geodesics whose mean frequencies converge to the global mean frequency. The proof uses the Chas-Sullivan product and results of Goresky-Hingston [GH].


Mining under water needs to observe height of water-flowing fractured zone, to determine a reasonable upper mining limit. The surface of excavating face H2106 in Longkoubeizao mine is sea. To solve the technical problems in drilling holes for observing height of the water-flowing fractured zone, the height of the water-flowing fractured zone was obseved by using upward holes and detector for observing height of the water-flowing fractured zone. This method requires small amount of drilling works and has high observation accuracy. In excavating face H2106 three observation section were set, 4 pre-mining holes and 8 after-mining holes were drilled for observing height of the water-flowing fractured zone,and the upper limit of water flowing fractured zone was determinated by using the water content change of marl aquifer in the roof before and after mining . By observing,the height of water flowing fractured zone of excavating face H2106 was 38.8 m, the ratio of height of the water-flowing fractured zone and mining thickness was 9.5.


The purpose of this research is to know the effect of self-service technology service quality on customer loyalty, behavioral intention, and customer satisfaction, the effect of self-service technology service quality on customer loyalty and behavioral intention mediated by customer satisfaction, and the effect of self- service technology service quality on customer loyalty mediated by brand image. This study uses a quantitative approach using an online questionnaire data collection method (Google Form) and will be disseminated via social media (Line, WhatsApp, and Instagram). The sampling technique used in this study is non-probability sampling – purposive sampling with 218 respondents. The results of the research conducted prove that all hypotheses in the study are supported, including service quality self-service technology has a positive effect on customer loyalty, service quality self-service technology has a positive effect on behavioral intention, service quality self-service technology has a positive effect on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality self-service technology on customer loyalty positively, customer satisfaction mediates the relationship service quality self-service technology positively on behavioral intention, brand image mediates the relationship service quality self-service technology positively on customer loyalty.


Transport means for the railway system, such as lifts or nacelle, means secured to the cantilever, the running gear is provided at the upper end of the apparatus, with the conveying cable or traction railway system connecting cable collet interaction, and Guide rollers. The upper end of the transport apparatus is further provided with a support member, the support member by a hinge to the lower end of the transport means of the cantilever beam, so that the transport means with respect to the conveying cable or traction cable laterally pivoting. Transport means hinged to the lower end of the cantilever beam is performed by two links, the link with respect to the hauling rope or cable laterally spaced apart from one another on the transport and extending upwardly obliquely to each other, their free ends articulated on the one hand the support member, on the other hand hinged to the lower end of the cantilever beam.


This article discusses some of the findings about the wellbeing of residents as a result of spatial transformation process currently happening in several selected small cities along the Selangor's Northern Corridor. By adopting the data obtained from the field work survey and questionnaire distributed to 355 heads of household randomly selected in the study area, some of the findings include (i) the social harmony state of the residents is starting to get affected, (ii) transformation of traditional to modern lifestyle, (iii) increasingly significant deterioration of physical environment. These findings are important indicators of the effects that the fast pace of spatial transformation has on the wellbeing of the residents. These findings are important guidelines for future development planning of the study area. This is because the spatial transformation process promoted by economic globalisation will continue to happen and without proper planning, it is feared that the implication towards the wellbeing of the residents will become worse.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing a pressure-sensitive PE film and a back coating, said adhesive comprising weight percentages of the following materials: white mineral oil 18 to 20%, 0.5 to 1% antioxidant, styrene - isoprene - styrene copolymer SIS 25 ~ 28%, a styrene - isoprene - styrene diblock copolymer SEPS 3 ~ 4%, C5 / C9 copolymer petroleum resin, 20 to 25% , 25 to 30% rosin ester; a method for preparing the pressure-sensitive adhesive-backed film of PE, the white oil, an antioxidant, a styrene - isoprene - styrene copolymers SIS, styrene - isoprene - styrene SEPS diblock copolymer, were added, after heating and stirring the molten added C5 / C9 copolymer petroleum resins and rosin esters, stirred until homogeneous. PE-backed pressure-sensitive adhesive film of the present invention for the back coating PE film, PE film wrinkling does not occur when the phenomenon unwinding, good low temperature results, with an appropriate cohesive strength, tack, and peel force.


1. Housing wristwatch having a folding clasp for a flexible strap, soderzhaschuyusrednyuyu part (1) connected to a first end (41) of the strap (4), the base (3) connected to the second end (40) of the strap (4), extender ( 2) pivotally connected with the middle part (1) and a base (3), wherein the pivot joints (20, 21) between the middle part (1) and extension (2) and between the base (3) and extension (2) arranged so that they can be superposed middle part extension and a base in the collapsed position and located adjacent e in the unfolded position, and one or more control elements (34) to increase or reduce the reversible and continuous fashion the measured length of the strap when the clasp is in the folded polozhenii.2. Housing wristwatch according to claim 1, wherein the length of said adjustment strap engages between the base (3) and extension (2) in the folded polozhenii.3. Housing wristwatch according to claim 1, wherein the end of the strap, the length of which is adjustable, is connected to the housing without shtifta.4. Housing wristwatch according to claim 3, wherein the end of the strap, the length of which is adjustable, is retained in said housing by applying a force perpendicular to the plane of said kontsa.5. Housing wristwatch according to claim 1, wherein the strap is a single element wherein the first end (41) of the strap is connected to the middle part, and a second end (40) of the strap is connected to osnovaniem.6. Housing wristwatch according to claim 1, wherein the extension (2) formed by an open metal bracket, the base of which is pivotally connected to the base (3) .7. Housing wristwatch according to claim 1, wherein the control elements (34) Raspaud


Since 2006,great achievements in EP have been made for Jurassic Shaximiao Formation gas reservoir,which plays an important role in reserves and output increment.The paper summarizes the basic geological characteristics,indicates the main problems existing in EP and advances a set of matching technologies.At present,although we have obtained some recognition of Jiaxiangzhai sandstones,we should do a comprehensive research on sandstone distribution and sedimentary facies,strengthen technology innovation and actively search for novel processes and techniques in order to lower the EP cost.


Objective To study the feasibility,safety and postoperative recovery of Laparoscopic myomectomy(LM) for hysteromyomas by suspended gasless laparoscopic myomectomy and at same time to review relative literatures of gasless laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods A series of 3 consecutive patients with 1 symptomatic myoma(diameter≥10 cm) underwent a gasless laparoscopic myomectomy with the subcutaneous abdominal wall-lifting device from November 2010 to March 2011.The data of operating time,intra-operative blood loss,the weight of uterus,the first anal deflation time,hospital stay and the complications were recorded and analyzed.Results Gasless laparoscopic myomectomy was successful in all 3 consecutive patients without intraoperative or postoperative complications.The diameter of the dominant myoma varied from 10 cm to 15 cm.The operative time was(88±11) min.The blood loss was(743±251) m1.The first deflation began at(1.5±0.5) d after operation.The hysteromyoma weight was(320±80) g.All patients were discharged 3 d after operation.Conclusion Gasless laparoscopic myomectomy is feasible and safe for enormous hysteromyomas.Therefore it can represent an excellent option for the minimally invasive removal of enormous hysteromyomas.However,the blood loss should be worth attention.


Natural killer (NK) cells are critical players against tumors. The outcome of anti‐tumor vaccination protocols depends on the efficiency of NK‐cell activation, and efforts are constantly made to manipulate them for immunotherapeutic approaches. Thus, a better understanding of NK‐cell activation dynamics is needed. NK‐cell interactions with accessory cells and trafficking between secondary lymphoid organs and tumoral tissues remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that upon triggering innate immunity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NK cells are transiently activated, leave the lymph node, and infiltrate the tumor, delaying its growth. Interestingly, NK cells are not actively recruited at the draining lymph node early after LPS administration, but continue their regular homeostatic turnover. Therefore, NK cells resident in the lymph node at the time of LPS administration become activated and exert anti‐tumor functions. NK‐cell activation correlates with the establishment of prolonged interactions with dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes, as observed by two‐photon microscopy. Close DC and NK‐cell contacts are essential for the localized delivery of DC‐derived IL‐18 to NK cells, a strict requirement in NK‐cell activation.


Many news websites allow for audience comments, but there is concern, especially when these comments are negative or low-quality, that the comments could negatively influence how readers perceive the corresponding news story. This experiment explores whether quality characteristics of comments – argument strength and civility – could help improve the perceived credibility of news content. Further, the study looks at whether quality characteristics of audience members, like their level of news media literacy, might reduce the negative influence of low-quality comments on someone's perception of the credibility of the story. The findings reveal that higher quality comments lead to improved perceptions of the credibility of the news source, even when the comments criticize the journalist. Additionally, the study finds that individuals with higher levels of news media literacy are more capable of distinguishing the quality of journalist content from user-generated content.


A study of minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in the treatment of 11 patients with comminuted fractures of the tibia compares to the conventional open plating in other studies. All were not allowed to have intramedullary nailing because of intra- or peri- articular fracture or smaller caliber of tibia. The MIPO techniques are by way of closed reduction before the operation and limited operative exposure without opening the fracture site. All cases went to union after one year of the operation. The evaluations of subjective feeling and joint motion both showed excellent recoveries. Three patients complained of skin tension because the plate was placed on the medial side of the tibia shaft. However, these patients were satisfied with their physical conditions. One case didn't submit the initial non-weight bearing and had implant failure. Furthermore, she acted against medical advice to receive informal management and got infection as a result. Through one time of debridement, the fracture union was attained after later open reduction and plating.In conclusion, MIPO for these complicated tibia fractures has good bone union result, less operation time, less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and no infection occurrence, compared with conventional open plating.


Video has been mentioned as one of the most important sources for teaching a foreign language. It is a useful audiovisual source for teaching all four language skills and also for introducing the culture of countries where people speak the language as their mother-tongue. Different techniques can be used for watching videos and watching can be accompanied by activities for each stage of the lesson: pre-, whileand post-viewing stage. In order to find out how teachers use videos in their lessons and also what their attitudes towards using videos in language lessons are, a questionnaire was compiled in eFormular and a survey conducted on the Internet. 169 teachers of the first and second school stages from all over Estonia responded to the questionnaire. Video võõrkeeletunnis 3 The results of the survey revealed that over three-fourths of the respondents had used video in their English lessons and mostly they had used it for developing the listening skills of their students and for teaching culture. About a quarter of the respondents had not used videos in their English lessons. The main reasons for that were lack of technical devices and suitable videos for lessons.


This paper proposes a real-time calculation method of single point safety factor in soil slope. Firstly, the expressions of a point in the slope safety factor regarding the maximum principal stress $\sigma_{1}$ and the minimum principal stress $\sigma_{3}$ are established by using the mole stress circle expression. It is assumed that the maximum principal stress is the gravity stress of soil and the minimum principal stress is the lateral earth pressure of soil. The safety factor formula can be regarded as a function of the normal stress $(\sigma)$. The minimum value of $\sigma$ can be found by taking the derivative of $\sigma$ in the formula. $\sigma_{min}$ is substituted into the safety factor expression of one point in the slope and the expression of the stability safety factor $(F_{s}) min$ at one point in the slope is established. Finally, based on the results of centrifugal model test of slope excavation, the real-time safety factor of a point in the slope is calculated. Combined with the test results, the calculation method of safety factor in this paper is feasible and reliable.


ABSTRACT Structural colour occurs when nanoscale structures interfere with incident light transmission and reflect particular wavelengths. The brown alga Ericaria selaginoides (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) has an opalescent photonic crystal anatomy that creates the blue colour of this seaweed but which responds to light, leading to speculation that the crystals have a photosynthetic role by modifying light transmission. Here, we characterize the colour response of E. selaginoides using time-lapse photography to capture responses to light treatments of different timing, duration, intensity and spectrum. The amount of light drove the colour response, with the most intense blue found in the dark which reduced rapidly in strong light and was not spectrum dependent. Chlorophyll a fluorometry showed that the maximum quantum efficiency of photosynthesis coincided with strong blue colouration but was reduced over two to three hours of illumination. This supports opalescent photonic crystals having a photosynthetic role by regulating light transmission to chloroplasts. Studies such as this could be used to improve solar cell efficiency and increase crop yield through the use of bio-inspired self-tuning mechanisms to optimize light transmission.


We observed in 1994 and 1995 the Soft Gamma‐Ray Repeater SGR1806−20 in the CO(J=1−0), 13CO(J=1−0), CO(J=2−1), HCN(J=1−0), HCN(J=2−1), CN(J=1−0), CN(J=2−1) lines, using the SEST millimeter radio telescope. We were attempting to estimate the distance of SGR1806−20 as well as to demonstrate the association of a molecular cloud with the optical/X‐ray counterparts of this burster. We estimate the distance of SGR1806−20 to ≊4.6–5.1 kpc (1,2). Preliminary results, taking into account the influence of the low energy X‐ray counterpart of AX1805.7−2025 and/or the O9‐B2 star on the chemistry of the molecular gas, are in favor of an association of SGR1806 with a dense medium. We also present results of bolometer measurements, at 1.3 mm, on the thermal emission of SGR1806.


The loss of facial expression and the disfigurement of facial paralysis have serious implications for a patient's physical and psychological well being [1]. Numerous aetiologies of facial paralysis exist but once nerve recovery has been static for two years, interventional surgery is required to improve the situation [2]. Facial paralysis is often treated as an aesthetic problem but can also have real physical and psychological problems. These include difficulty with speech, low self-esteem, poor social interaction, oral incontinence, and dental problems; caries may develop due to the lack of food progression through the oral cavity and repeated trauma and ulceration caused by biting of the inside of the paralysed cheek. Poor understanding of the treatment modalities available and an element of 'postcode lottery' have an impact on the service a patient may receive in the UK. This was highlighted in a recent communication from the British Association of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (BAPRAS) Facial Palsy Interest Group.


It has been demonstrated in studies by Wyman and tum Suden 1 and by us 2 (with Nilson) that homeoplastic transplants of adrenal glands may be successful when carried out between adult rats of inbred strains. This is in contrast to the consistent failure of adrenal transplants to become established as functional grafts when carried out between animals of different strains. The present report is concerned with a further investigation of the problem of homeoplastic transplants of adrenal glands in a Wistar strain of rats which had not been inbred. Three series of experiments were carried out in which the adrenal glands were exchanged between 20 pairs of siblings, 20 pairs of first cousins, and 20 pairs of rats more remotely related than second cousins. The animals used were all adult female rats of an albino strain. The animals were matched into pairs according to body weight and were operated under ether anesthesia employing aseptic technic. The adrenal glands were removed from one animal through a lumbar incision and sutured to the ovaries of the other animal of the pair. The adrenals of the second animal were removed and likewise sutured to the ovaries of the first. All animals were given maintenance doses of cortin for 10 days after the operation. A standard diet was fed which contained 0.24% sodium and 1% potassium. All grafts were removed surgically from those animals which survived for 120 days. These animals were again given maintenance doses of cortin for 10 days following this second operation and their subsequent survival periods were noted. After withdrawal of cortin all but 2 of the animals died within a period of 25 days. The transplanted glands of these 2 animals were found to be degenerated.


Dry sodium chloride forms cubic crystals, while marine aerosol particles often display more or less irregular deviations from this ideal form. In this study, three non‐ideal cuboidal and octahedral model geometries are investigated. Superellipsoids are tested as a model to simulate the linear backscatter depolarization ratio and the extinction‐to‐backscatter ratio. Gaussian random cubes as well as convex polyhedra are investigated as possible model candidates to quantify the error introduced by simplified model geometries, such as superellipsoids. Uncertainties in the real and imaginary part of the refractive index are studied, and their effect on the optical properties is compared to that caused by morphological variations. Optical calculations were performed at a wavelength of 532 nm using the discrete dipole approximation and the T‐matrix method. The considered size range is representative for marine aerosol generated at low to moderate wind speeds. It is found that cuboidal superellipsoids predict depolarization and extinction‐to‐backscatter ratios that are consistent with observations. On the other hand, octahedral superellipsoids strongly overestimate the depolarization ratio. Gaussian random surface perturbations result in a positive shift of the depolarization ratio compared to cuboidal superellipsoids. By contrast, convex polyhedra yield results that more or less randomly scatter about those of regular cubes. Thus, convex polyhedra are a promising candidate for modeling random errors, while Gaussian random cubes are not. Uncertainties in the refractive index result in perturbations of the depolarization and extinction‐to‐backscatter ratio that are of comparable magnitude as those caused by perturbations of the geometry.


IntroductionIn general, people do not rely on the processes of scientific thinking to improve upon their decision-making prior to making choices (Young & van Aarde, 2011). As such, resorting to different scientific approaches to explore the behavior of decision-making (Failing et al., 2007) and cultivating of talents in relevant domains have become an important topic in the field of education. In the past, cognitive psychology has been the method that most studies have adopted to explore the process of decision-making (Leddy, Anderson, & Schulkin, 2013). The essence of decision-making has also been studied through decision-making history (Meder et al., 2013) and various aspects including problem recognition, information search, data analysis & processing, data interpretation & decision-making, and the evaluation of selection decision (Sacchi & Burigo, 2008) in attempts to understand how individuals utilize scientific thinking to resolve different problems (Finkelstein, Whitehead, & Campbell, 2009). However, few studies have chosen to use problemsolving history to determine if discrepancies exist between individuals and groups in their awareness of decision-making management. In this study, problem-solving theory was chosen as the theoretical framework, along with protocol analysis and think aloud protocol to explore subject learners' decision recognition management capacity. This study offers a summary of the discrepancies in the decision recognition management between individuals and groups and the discrepancies in the learning of optimal solutions for learners majoring in different academic disciplines.Literature ReviewProblem-solving and Cognitive AbilityProblem solving is a behavior that involves specific goals/needs and the search of different thinking models. Moreover, through different heuristics and rules of thumb, such behavior would lead to specific behaviors that would enable one to solve the problems at hand (Eysenck & Keane, 2000). Relevant studies pointed out that problem-solving behavior emphasizes logical thinking that solves specific problems (Meder et al., 2013), and that the structure of said logic is formulated from a person's previous experience and the mental structure of their prior knowledge in order to choose the best solution. However, the construction of this mental structure involves sophisticated cognitive skills (van Merrienboer, 1997) and requires longer periods of time to achieve a suitable state (Brand-Gruwel et al., 2005). The model of creative problem-solving (CPS) comprises processes including fact-finding, idea finding, method finding, solution finding and adoption (Parnes, 1977). Compared to other problem-solving techniques, this process emphasizes more on the application of divergent thinking and convergent thinking. The learner has to retread their existing knowledge and thinking in order to figure out a feasible solution to resolve the difficult situation at hand (Weisberg, 2006).Individual Decision and Group DecisionUnder different circumstances or situations, individuals will often resort to similar methods or experiences to solve different problems (Hastie & Dawes, 2009; McCarthy & McCarthy, 2006). However, this might result in the restriction of one's thought processing skills, making the decision less than optimal (Hastie & Dawes, 2009). In contrast, when groups are faced with a decision to make, they would convert the private knowledge of group members into group knowledge shared by all members before making the decision (Kerr & Tindale, 2004). During the process of group decision-making, participants would usually be involved in negotiations or group coordination (McCaslin, 2009). Such social regulative behavior not only helps to facilitate better group performance but also functions as a key factor that affects learners in the process of cooperative learning (Romero & Lambropoulos, 2011). …


Background: General anaesthesia impairs the gas exchange in the lungs, and moderate desaturation (SaO2 86–90%) occurred in 50% of anaesthetised patients in a blinded pulse oximetry study. A high FiO2 might reduce the risk of hypoxaemia, but can also promote atelectasis. We hypothesised that a moderate positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) level of 10 cmH2O can prevent atelectasis during ventilation with an FiO2=1.0.


Several interest groups are involved in the process of dumping and anti-dumping. Apart from dumping enterprises and dumped enterprises, affected sides include consumers of import countries and relative non-dumping enterprises, etc. The main conflicts arising from the process of dumping and anti-dumping include that of between dumping enterprises and dumped enterprises, dumped enterprises and consumers of import country, dumping enterprises and non-dumping enterprises of export country or third country. Based on general economic principles, the gain and loss arising from the process of dumping and anti-dumping are theoretically analyzed in this paper, along witi the analysis on the conflicts of interests among involved interest groups.


A bridoon bit with curb arms is provided with a thickened center portion having a curved lateral axis, and with end portions outwardly thereof having an opposite curvature in order that the bit may best conform to the anatomy of a horse's mouth, avoiding pressure points and preventing the horse's mouth from becoming insensitive.


This paper describes the work of Armando Bianco Ferrari whose central tenet is the very direct relationship between the body (Concrete Original Object) and the mind to which it gives rise, but which is also mind's first and essentially only real object. Ferrari's approach offers an important avenue of approach to the treatment of psychosis, psychosomatic illness and anorexia, for instance, as is recorded in a by now growing Anglophone literature. The direct relationship between body and mind is in contrast to the object relations model in which this relationship is mediated through the breast. The paper starts with a short biological sketch of Ferrari's life before describing his theoretical position. This is largely concerned with the relationship between the mind and its body, the so-called 'vertical axis', and that with the external world which he calls, the 'horizontal axis'. The relationship between body and mind is achieved through the means of a 'contact net' (as opposed to Bion's contact barrier) and the evolution of 'language registers' out of patterns of bodily experience. Ferrari's formulation also involves modifications of the ways he conceives the ego and the oedipal situation ('Oedipal constellation'), especially in the light of what he takes to be an innate femininity and masculinity in either sex, as well as the way in which he frames ideas about health and illness. The fact that the emphasis is directed towards the subject's direct apperception of the sensational and emotional life of his body rather than one mediated exclusively via the object involves a parallel shift away from the transference as always necessarily central to interpretation, without of course dispensing with it or suggesting that it is not ubiquitous. This is one of the various clinical implications of Ferrari's model which is discussed before offering an illustrative clinical vignette, and finally relating Ferrari's thought to some other current theoretical and clinical formulations.


Objective: This work aims to choose suitable essential oil formulations to improve the bioavailability and long-term aqueous stability of mefloquine in drug delivery systems.
Methods: Oil phases of pomegranate oil, black cumin seed oil, and garlic oil. To choose the proper oil and surfactant for creating pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, cremophore EL, tween®20 and tween®80 (surfactants), and brij 35 (co-surfactants) were used in a variety of concentrations and combinations (Smix). Mefloquine was estimated to be soluble in a variety of oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants. Drug solubility, drug release research, thermodynamic stability, mean hydrodynamic size and zeta potential.
Results: Garlic with smix of cremophore EL and brij 35, Pomegranate with Tween 2.0, and Black cumin seed oil with Tween 80 showed the highest solubilization and emulsification capabilities and were further investigated using ternary phase diagrams. When combined with the co-surfactants under investigation, cremophore EL demonstrated a greater self-emulsification zone than tween® 80 and tween 20. Garlic oil, cremophore EL, and brij 35 nanoemulsion showed smaller size, greater zeta potential, less emulsification time, high transmittance, and better drug solubility than microemulsion formulations on especially those made with tween®20 and tween 80. Mefloquine loaded garlic oil nanoemulsion showed considerably low release in body fluid (32.48%) and a good release in intestinal fluid (82.78%) by 12 h in a drug release study.
Conclusion: Garlic oil as the oil phase and a mixture of cremophore EL and brij 35 as the surfactant phase are ideal surfactants and co-surfactant for mefloquine loaded garlic oil nanoemulsion with greater drug release in release kinetics investigation.


SARS-CoV-2, the name given to the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020, was first reported in the city of Wuhan from the Hubei region of China. Officially recognised at the beginning of 2020, it rapidly spread from Wuhan to the rest of China, eventually taking hold in the rest of the world despite global efforts to contain it. Of these efforts, the most notable is the implementation of lockdown policies which were meant to reduce as much as possible the spread of the virus, thus reducing the burden on the healthcare systems ("flatten the curve"), as well as buy time to develop more effective treatments. This paper intends to study the mental and physical effects exerted by these policies on people worldwide. The online survey has collected responses from 1,586 individuals from across the world, on which the authors employed varied statistical methods such as confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multivariate analysis. The findings presented in the paper suggest that several effects, such as problems focusing, insomnia, feelings of guilt or pessimism, can be directly attributed to the lockdown-induced changes in people's behaviours and routines. The findings are not only indicative of the need for social interaction and physical activity, but also of the importance of factual information available to the public during such crises, and of the emotional support and assistance required by people to cope with situations like this.


By analyzing,the flow convergence region with digital computer technique,this in vitro study demonstrated that the most appropriate Nyquist velocity for applying the hemispheric flow convergence equation was correlated well with the transorifice pressure gradient when the calculated flow to actual flow rate ratio wwaS 1.Furthermore,the coveriance analysis indicated that this relation was indepenaent of orifiee size.The Present study provided us a Way to select the most Suitable Nyquist Veloeity for applying the hemispheric flow convergence equation based on the clinically measurable transorifice pressure gradient.

Key words:
flow convergence color Doppler flow imaging


Abstract We reviewed the Canadian literature on cost-effectiveness from 1980–1995 with regard to costing methodologies. We abstracted each study using a list of data elements that describe costing methodology, and evaluated costing methodologies in the light of biases in costing methods, site, and case-mix selection.


The article discusses the effect of adding silicon carbide by laser remelting of low-carbon steel. Tests in laser remelting were carried out with energy inputs ranging between 10 and 80 J/mm 2 with the most favorable degree, i.e., 30%, of overlapping of individual trace. Sufficient energy input was necessary to dissolve silicon-carbide with iron. A microchemical analysis of the remelted layer confirmed the dissolution of silicon carbide and formation of a smaller portion of martensite (10–20%) and of suesite Fe3Si (65–80%). It was found that the test-specimen deformation was smallest with the laser-beam in the zig-zag motion. The surface was also assessed visually. The choice of adequate remelting conditions reduced, i.e., prevented, the occurrence of cracks and other defects. The influence of energy input and the mode of laser-beam travel on the efficiency of remelting, i.e., refining, was described by a ratio of the width of the remelted surface layer to its depth, which should amount to around 5:1.


We explore fundamental lithium ion (Li+) and triflate counterion (CF3SO3–) transport properties within an electrospun UV-cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) polymer-gel electrolyte. With modulation of cross-linker (10–30 wt %), the fully swollen fibrous framework swells and retains between 1700 and 1200 wt % liquid electrolyte and exhibits room temperature ionic conductivity up to 6 mS cm–1. 7Li and 19F spin–spin relaxation (T2) measurements reveal the presence of inter- and intrafiber lithium ions, where the long- and short-T2 lithium ion and counterion components enable quantification of the fractions of free liquid electrolyte between fibers and liquid electrolyte within fibers. Pulsed-field-gradient NMR diffusometry shows increases in lithium and triflate diffusion coefficients with cross-linker content, suggestive of enhanced ion transport within the free liquid electrolyte phase due to a reduction in morphological restrictions. Arrhenius fits to temperature-dependent diffusion experiments show that li...


This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and price on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction with Padang restaurants in the city of Makassar. This study takes data directly from the number of customers who eat at several Padang restaurants, especially in the city of Makassar by taking 100 customers from 3 different restaurants as samples in this study. To implement the objectives of this study used analysis techniques using path analysis. The results of the analysis prove that service quality (X1) on customer loyalty (Z) through customer loyalty (Y) has a positive and significant effect. The effect of price (X2) on customer loyalty (Z) through customer loyalty (Y) has a positive and significant effect, but the effect of service quality (X1) on customer satisfaction (Z) has a negative and insignificant effect.


Eclipta prostrata is a perennial herb, distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The phytochemical investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components from the methanol extract of Eclipta prostrata leaves by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS).100 grams of the powdered sample was subjected to the soxhlet extraction followed by rotary evaporator and investigated using Perkin – Elmer GC-MS while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the leaf extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology library. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds with peak area like 10-Octadeconic acid, methyl ester (43.85), c-Sitosterol (36.45%), Pentadecanic acid,14methyl,methyl ester (15.09%), Diethyl Phthalate (13.96%), Glycine, N[(3a,5a,12a]-3,12-dihydroxy 24-oxocholan-24-yl](13.82%), Ethanol,2(9,12-octadecadienyloxy),(ZZ) (13.73%), Oleic acid, eicosyl ester (6.92%). Extracts and metabolites from this plant have been known to possess pharmacological properties. Bioactive constituents exhibit antimicrobial activity and reported to have a commendable sense of purpose. INTRODUCTION: Medicinal plants are the richest bio-resource of drugs of traditional systems of medicine, modern medicines, nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drugs. Plants have great potential uses, especially as traditional medicine and pharmacological drugs. A large proportion of the world population depends on traditional medicine 1 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(1).272-78 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7 (1).272-78 The medicinal plants are useful for healing as well as for curing of human diseases because of the presence of phytochemical constituents. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, leaves, vegetables and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases Botanical medicines or phytomedicines refer to the use of seeds, berries, leaves, bark, root or flowers of any plant for medicinal purposes by significant number of people 2 . Knowledge of the chemical constituents of plants is desirable because such information will be value for synthesis of complex chemical substances. Therefore, there is the need to look inwards to search for herbal medicinal plants with the aim of validating the ethno-medicinal use and


Exterior Rotor variable speed motor, which is applied to single-phase AC motor, and its rotor is disposed outside the stator, the variable speed motor comprising: a first primary winding and a second primary winding provided on the stator of the motor to form a plurality poles; frequency detector for detecting the frequency of the alternating current applied to the motor; and a relay, if the detected frequency is 60Hz, the primary winding of the first relay and the second main winding connected in series, and if the detected frequency is 50Hz, the primary winding of the first relay and the second main winding connected in parallel. Even when the power is applied to a different frequency, the speed of the motor can be kept constant, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the motor, and reducing power consumption, and reducing electromagnetic noise and vibration from the motor.


Joint estimation of radioactivity distribution and concentration in thin objects using both positron (beta) and coincidence-gamma measurements is potentially more quantitative than to using either measurement alone. An imaging system that is capable of simultaneously measuring beta and gamma data was designed previously. This work includes studying the underlying physics and the intrinsic behavior of the phoswich detector to propose a novel forward model. Additionally an image reconstruction framework for joint estimation is developed. Validation experiment results show that a better quantitation in radioactivity concentration and distribution recovery can be achieved in contrast to separate reconstruction.


Aim: Newcastle disease is still one of the major threats for poultry industry allover the world. Therefore, attempt was made in this study to use the SYBR Green I real-time PCR with melting curves analysis as for detection and differentiation of NDV strains in suspected infected birds. Materials and Methods: Two sets of primers were used to amplify matrix and fusion genes in samples collected from suspectly infected birds (chickens and pigeons). Melting curve analysis in conjunction with real time PCR was conducted for identifying different pathotypes of the isolated NDVs. Clinical samples were propagated on specific pathogen free ECE and tested for MDT and ICIP. Results: The velogenic NDVs isolated from chickens and pigeons were distinguished with mean T 85.03±0.341 and m 83.78±0.237 respectively for M-gene amplification and for F-gene amplification the mean T were 84.04±0.037 and m


The ground-state wave function of He-II is calculated in the "two sums over k" approximation, i.e. in the form of the Jastrow function and the first correction:lnΨ0=12!∑k≠0a2(k)ρkρ−k+13!1N∑k1,k2≠0k1+k2≠0a3(k1,k2)ρk1+k2ρ−k1ρ−k2,where the function a2(k) is found numerically from the Vakarchuk equation relating a2(k) and a3(k1,k2) with the structure factor. Knowing Ψ0, we calculated the amount of single- and two-particle condensates in He-II at T=0; this is the first derivation of a formula for a two-particle condensate in the "two sums" approximation. The model contains no adjustable parameters or functions. The results for the condensates are strongly dependent on the number of corrections an included in the expansion of lnΨ0: in the "single sum" approximation (a3=0) 27% of the atoms are in the single-particle condensate and about 53% of the atoms with momentum k>0 are in the two-particle condensate; in the more accurate "two sums" approximation (a3≠0) the percentages are 6% and 16%, respectively. For the ...


Solving wireless packet retransmission problem (WPRTP) using network coding (NC) is increasingly attracting research efforts. However, existing NC‐based schemes for WPRTP are with high computational complexity resulting from computation on larger Galois field (GF(2q)), or the solutions on GF(2) found by the schemes are less efficient. In this paper, combining the basic ideas in two existing schemes, denoted as ColorNC and CliqueNC, respectively, we present a new scheme named as ColorCliqueNC. The advantages of ColorCliqueNC include the following: (i) it is suitable for all kinds of WPRTP instances; (ii) it works on GF(2); thus, it is computationally efficient than the schemes working on larger Galois fields; and (iii) the solutions found by ColorCliqueNC usually have fewer packet retransmissions than those by ColorNC and CliqueNC despite that they all work on GF(2). Theoretical analysis indicates that ColorCliqueNC is superior to ColorNC and CliqueNC. Simulation results show that ColorCliqueNC generally outperforms ColorNC and CliqueNC. Compared with ColorNC, ColorCliqueNC can save up to 10% packet retransmissions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There is considerable overlap between symptoms of adult attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), including problems with sustained attention or concentration, anterograde memory, and executive functioning. Differentiating these clinical syndromes based on symptomatic presentation alone can be difficult, but considering the following factors can help you make a more informed diagnosis:


200 Background: BAT is a promising treatment for CRPC and preclinical work has shown that its effects may be mediated by inducing DNA damage or cell cycle arrest. We sought to evaluate if mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes or cell cycle regulators were associated with improved outcomes. Methods: Biospecimens from CRPC patients enrolled to studies testing BAT underwent germline or somatic next-generation sequencing (NGS). Samples tested included plasma (i.e. cell-free DNA) (N = 79), tumor tissue (N = 21) and saliva (N = 10). A variety of clinical grade NGS platforms were generally used. Given the concern for false negatives, we excluded cases if plasma NGS did not reveal a somatic alteration. Absence of a germline alteration was not assumed to indicate absence of somatic alterations. Comparative analyses to assess candidate biomarkers of BAT efficacy were performed. Results: Most patients received BAT following one or more next generation hormonal therapy, while 6 received BAT as first-line CRPC therapy. Of 65 cases where a germline or somatic pathogenic alteration in any gene was detected, 30 (46%) had evidence of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), with mutations found in BRCA2 (N = 10), ATM (N = 8), CHEK2 (N = 5), PALB2 (N = 4), CDK12 (N = 3), CHD1 (N = 2), FANCA (N = 1), FANCD2 (N = 1) and BRCA1 (N = 1). TP53 alterations were also common (27/65; 42%). HRD mutations associated with increased PSA50 responses, with a trend toward improved PSA50 responses in TP53 mutated cases too (Table). In a combined analysis, men with HRD and/or TP53 mutations had improved PSA50 responses and near-significant improvement in progression free survival (PFS). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that BAT may be most efficacious in cancers harboring mutations in genes involved in DDR and/or cell cycle regulation. These results require prospective confirmation. [Table: see text]


Most ligands applied for asymmetric hydrogenation are synthesized via multistep reactions with expensive chemical reagents. Herein, a series of novel and easily accessed cinchona-alkaloid-based NNP ligands have been developed in two steps. By combining [Ir(COD)Cl]2, 39 ketones including aromatic, heteroaryl, and alkyl ketones have been hydrogenated, all affording valuable chiral alcohols with 96.0-99.9% ee. A plausible reaction mechanism was discussed by NMR, HRMS, and DFT, and an activating model involving trihydride was verified.


The process of mentoring is one of the most helpful processes in the development of personnel at all levels within the workplace. Not much is written about mentoring relationships, perhaps because these relationships take on varied forms, bonds, and meanings. The article describes some commonalities, views to ponder, and the perspectives of one mentor and one learner. Key words: mentor, mentoring, preceptor, learning, needs leadership


Large‐scale vegetation restoration has been conducted in China's Loess Plateau over the past several decades to control soil and water loss. However, these efforts have not followed any specific guidelines to select plant species that balance the twin goals of vegetation restoration and water demand. In the present study, we measured canopy transpiration characteristics of oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), two species that are commonly planted in restoration efforts, and recorded water input and output for these two species during the growing season. P. tabulaeformis had a higher tolerance than P. orientalis to warmer and drier environments and used water over a wider time span. Canopy transpiration significantly increased when rainfall exceeded 15 mm and was negatively correlated with net change of soil water content. Meanwhile, rainless intervals also affected canopy transpiration recovery. Canopy transpiration of P. tabulaeformis was 25.4% higher than that of P. orientalis. Soil water content under P. orientalis declined by 28.4% after the growing season, while it slightly increased under P. tabulaeformis (0.7%). Our results suggested that although P. tabulaeformis plantation had higher canopy transpiration, this water use did not drastically reduce soil water content, mainly due to the lower evaporation caused by the dense canopy cover. However, the low soil water content also implied that a better management, such as a mixed plantation of these two species and other supplemental water‐conservation techniques, should be considered to better use water in this semiarid region.


RESULTS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS have been described, what may happen has been predicted, what has happened when Government impacted on industry lies in the records. Time and space permit the examination of but a small sample of the circumstances brought about when someone-or something ruffled conditions that might otherwise have remained passive. Many events of history are like the forest whose dried leaves might have remained harmless had not someone thrown a flame and ignited them. Thus incidents that reversed the trend of stock prices have frequently been occasioned by extraneous forces. Since the first days of our Government there have been periods when the ardor of Presidents, the vehemence of zealots, legislation, or tariffs stimulated or enervated our economic order. There was a time when the greatest reason for fears in the financial district came from conjecturing what a new tariff law might do to industries. This had tremendous importance. At times it almost divided the country. The first distinctly protective measure was in 1828. It encroached on the price of cotton and deeply upset the South. The Tariff of 1832 brought denunciations from Calhoun and demands for "nullification" by South Carolina. With the compromise measure of 1833 came a bit of political serenity, and an interlude of good times. "Polk and the Tariff of '42" made a new and bewildered Chief Executive; moreover it stimulated the iron industry. Iron producers flourished and prospered. As far as revenue was concerned, that tariff never fulfilled its obligations; only stocks and investments benefited. It was held that the Tariff of 1857 not merely reduced duties and revenues; it had a part in intensifying the panic. Some placed blame on the railroads, but not Hunt's Merchants Magazine. By September 1857, the crisis was "one of the most disastrous financial revulsions that has visited the country for many years." Terrible drops in railroad prices marked October. The Act of 1861 included a tax on incomes exceeding $800. It was not taken too seriously, and made little impression-then or when it was declared unconstitutional in 1895.


We report an all-solid-state QCW (quasi-continuous-wave) tunable Ti:sapphire laser system from 697nm to 942nm, which was pumped by an intra-cavity frequency doubling Nd:YAG laser at 532nm. Under the pump power of 18W at 532nm with the repetition rate of 3.9kHz, the average output power of 3.5W at 795nm with an optical conversion efficiency of 20% was yielded. Through extra-cavity frequency doubling with the nonlinear crystal LBO (LiB3OWe report an all-solid-state QCW (quasi-continuous-wave) tunable Ti:sapphire laser system from 697nm to 942nm, which was pumped by an intra-cavity frequency doubling Nd:YAG laser at 532nm. Under the pump power of 18W at 532nm with the repetition rate of 3.9kHz, the average output power of 3.5W at 795nm with an optical conversion efficiency of 20% was yielded. Through extra-cavity frequency doubling with the nonlinear crystal LBO (LiB3O5), cut for critical type I phase matching (θ=90°, φ=33.2°) at room temperature, tunable second-harmonic generation (SHG) from 350nm to 465nm was achieved. Through the design of the scan and control system, the whole laser system can be used to expose the sensitive material under the controlling of computer.


Web service systems grow larger with age whenever organizations add new services to existing systems. As is the case with other types of software, very large Web service systems are difficult to understand and maintain and are therefore undesirable. A couple of measures have been proposed in literature that can be used to analyze the size attribute of Web service systems with the goal of aiding designers and managers in the management of such software. However, these measures target only simple to medium-sized services, and are not effective for very large cross-enterprise services. In this paper, we propose some size measures for evaluating the size of Web service systems irrespective of their granularity, thereby providing useful information to business process managers. We have validated the measures theoretically using Briand's measurement framework.


Disclosed is a method, a system, and a server for providing combined information. The server includes a server control unit for conducting control so that a specific field selection signal is received from the user terminal, a silhouette image corresponding to the specific field selection signal is extracted and transmitted to the user terminal, at least one search wheel interface corresponding to the specific field selection signal is transmitted to the user terminal, when a specific search wheel interface selection signal is received from the user terminal, at least one commodity list category corresponding to the specific search wheel interface selection signal is extracted and transmitted to the user terminal, when a specific commodity selection signal is received from the user terminal, commodity information corresponding to the specific commodity selection signal is stored in the search wheel interface, a commodity information image corresponding to at least one piece of the commodity information stored in the search wheel interface is added to the silhouette image, and commodity price information corresponding to at least one piece of the commodity information is transmitted to the user terminal.


Semantic dementia (SD) is a unique syndrome in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum. Typically presenting as a progressive, fluent anomic aphasia, SD is the paradigmatic disorder of semantic memory with a characteristic anatomical profile of asymmetric, selective antero-inferior temporal lobe atrophy. Histopathologically, most cases show a specific pattern of abnormal deposition of protein TDP-43. This relatively close clinical, anatomical and pathological correspondence suggests SD as a promising target for future therapeutic trials. However, rational drug design and monitoring is likely to require a comprehensive understanding of how the molecular insult in SD translates to a clinico-anatomical phenotype. Here we propose a pathophysiological model of SD. The model is motivated by neuropsychological and neuroimaging data and posits the sequential, regionally determined disintegration of a vulnerable neural network. The key features of the model are: (1) existence of local zones of synaptic convergence within the temporal lobe with predictable network organisation; (2) a mechanism (or mechanisms) for transynaptic action of the molecular insult; and (3) establishment of a gradient of neuronal damage across the affected network, both within and between the temporal lobes. The model makes empirically testable predictions concerning the evolution of regional atrophy in SD.


Hurain, the proteolytic enzyme of the sap of the jabillo tree (Hura crePitans), has been reported to be activated by Fe++ and inhibited by Ni++, Zn++, Cd++1 and Clions2; its activity is also diminished in the presence of trypsin inhibitors from soy bean, black bean, Ascaris lumbricoides3 and egg white4• A comparison between the activity of trypsin and hurain on synthetic substrates has been published5• In the present paper, some experiments on the action of these enzymes on native and urea denatured proteins are reported.


The paper shows an overview of general characteristics, design, maintenance and hazards of natural gas transportation systems. Paper analysis starts from the description of the natural gas distribution systems, which represent the final section of the natural gas transportation. Since accidents on distribution gas system could threatening the urban safety, risk analysis needs to be assessed. For this purpose, the main hazardous consequences that may happen after a failure of the natural gas pipeline are defined. Correct design, installation and maintenance are required to reduce both frequency and impact of these accidents: a brief description of the principal technical requirements is reported.