Demand is mounting for UK-wide access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to help prevent the transmission of HIV, after it was approved for use on the NHS in Scotland.

Campaigners welcomed the Scottish Medicines Consortium's (SMC) decision to make Scotland the first part of the UK to approve emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (Truvada) for use on a preventive basis by people without HIV.

PrEP has been shown to be 86% effective in preventing transmission if taken as prescribed and is currently available in Canada, France, Kenya, Norway, and the US. Preventing infection can save an estimated £360 000 (€422 000; $447 000) a patient, which is the …


The design of graphics ASICs for geometry and rasterisation processing has traditionally involved the use of schematic design entry whereby functional blocks are netlisted and instantiated on the schematic. This methodology is fine at the top most hierarchical levels of a design but becomes tedious and error prone at the lower gate levels. Often these designs are targetted at custom ASICs through the use of silicon compiler technology. Unfortunately, this is an expensive and risky approach to implementing these ASICs, particularly for University research laboratories where additional funding may not be available to cover non-recurring engineering costs, such as multiple mask runs, which may be needed due to design errors. This paper presents an alternative to these traditional approachs. A new approach, top down ASIC design with logic synthesis and optimisation targetting FPGA ASICs, is presented . We demonstrate through some examples of our texturing and scan conversion hardware the benefits of this new approach.


Ethno-botanical study on traditional medicinal plants was conducted in Gurur block of Balod district of Chattisgarh, India and documented different types of traditional medicinal plants used by the indigenous peoples. The study was focused on identifying medicinal plants with botanical name, family, local name, parts used, methods of preparation, administration and ailments treated are provided. Baiga, Gond and Oraon are common tribal communities of Balod district and completely or partially dependent on forest product for their survival and livelihood. The data was collected using interview and questionnaires by selecting 16 healers using purposive sampling method. A total number of 28 species of plants belonging to25 genera and 18 families have been recorded in study area of Gurur, Balod. Total number of species, genera and families of both cultivated and wild category was studied. The present study highlights on traditional knowledge and ethno-medicinal observation in different areas of Gurur, district Balod CG. The ethno medicinal information of tribal's peoples was collected from of the study sites and brief description of the plants will be discussed later.


The selections in Part 111 of our collection trace dilferences in social perception to environmental forces that shape the minds of perceivers. The first selection establishes the impact of visual experience on object perception. It summarizes a large-scale study which demonstrated that gross characteristics of a person's physical environment (such as dense jungles as opposed to flat land) affect the dimensions of the person's perceived space in ways that are measurable with standard laboratory illusions. This fact implies that the assumption of universality in perception is always a risky one.


Let X be a topological space, m a probability measure defined on the Baire s -field on X, and m ' a probability measure on teh Borel s -field which extends m. In the first part of the paper we deal with the relations existing between the ranges of m and m. In particular, we show cases in which these ranges coincide. In the second part we apply to comparative probability some of the techniques previously used. In this part it is proved that if a comparative probability relation defined on a Boolean algebra satisfies well known conditions, namely fineness and tightness (defined below), then the image of any probability measure that agreees with the relation is dense in the unity interval. This sharpens earlier results for comparative probability relations on power sets.


An overview of authors' results related to EM wave scattering by many small particles, embedded in homogeneous medium, is presented. The particles are the thin (nano) perfectly conducting wires or their properties are described by their boundary impedance. The proposed approach allows one to create the medium with a given refraction coefficient or with a desirable spatially inhomogeneous permeability. The important physical results are explicit analytical formulas for the refraction coefficient n2(x) and magnetic permeability μ(x) of resulting media.


In the service-oriented paradigm, Web service interfaces are considered contracts between Web service subscribers and providers. The structure of service interfaces has an extremely important role to discover, understand, and reuse Web services. However, it has been shown that service developers tend to pay little care to the design of their interfaces. A common design issue that often appears in real-world Web services is that their interfaces lack cohesion, i.e., they expose several operations that are often semantically unrelated. Such a bad design practice may significantly complicate the comprehension and reuse of the services functionalities and lead to several maintenance and evolution problems. In this paper, we propose a new approach for Web service interface decomposition using a Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) framework. The proposed FCA-based approach aims at identifying the hidden relationships among service operations in order to improve the interface modularity and usability. The relationships between operations are based on cohesion measures including semantic, sequential and communicational cohesion. The identified groups of semantically related operations having common properties are used to define new cohesive and loosely coupled service interfaces. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative empirical study to evaluate our approach on a benchmark of 26 real world Web services provided by Amazon and Yahoo. The obtained results show that our approach can significantly improve Web service interface design quality compared to state-of-the-art approaches.


The authors assert that previously available definitions of a brushless DC motor are inadequate to distinguish it from other types of brushless motors in the industry. A formal definition of a brushless DC motor is proposed. The definition includes the components of the motor and the types of circuits to energize the stator windings.<<ETX>>


Russia has been China's major log import country and China depends greatly on log imported from Russia.Russia declared to increase the export tariff,which would greatly affect China's trade and import of logs.Based on the equilibrium theory,this paper puts forward and discusses the welfare replacement effect in international trade from the aspects of economics and empirical analysis so as to maintain the development of log trade.


What is a Special Disability Trust (SDT)? The Federal Government introduced Special Disability Trusts into social security legislation in 2006. The primary purpose of such trusts is to encourage private provision of accommodation and care for people with a severe disability or medical condition.


THE AUTHOR of a controversial parliamentary move towards 'presumed consent' in organ donation claims to have overcome ethical objections by nurses.


Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical using of mesioligual band hook. Methods 20 patients whose first mandibular molars were extracted were involved in this study, using Edgewise appliance, welding hook in mesiolingual band, cooperating II class traction, the molar space were closed in sliding. Results The molars of all patients were moved orderly, and didn't take place mesiolingual rotation and medal tilt. Conclusion Using II class traction in mesiolingual band hook, can effectively prevent mesiolingual rotation and mesial tilt of molars.


Objective To analyze the complications in the postoperative non - washing hyperthermic anti-blastic perfusion. Methods From 1988 to 2000, 128 patients with malignant tumor of extremities were treated by non - washing hyperthermic antiblastic perfusion ( N - WHAP) . Perfusion lasted 60 min, with local temperature about 41.5℃, and non- washing postoperatively. Results Systemic toxicities included nausea and vomiting were showed in 57 cases, renal dysfunction in9 cases. The local complications including local pain were showed in 90 cases, swelling of extremity in 92 cases, fibrosis in 5 cases, compartment syndrome in 3 cases and stiffness of joints in 2 cases . No patient showed acute renal failure, death or amputation due to deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion The therapy of N - WHAP might avoid anemia postoperatively and simplified the course of operation. Meanwhile, it is safe and dependable.


The virtual construction is achieved in the virtual environment, and the virtual reality technology is the core technology in the virtual construction system. The virtual reality technology is a high-tech information technology which integrates the artificial intelligence, the computer graphics, the man-machine interface technology, multi-media industrial architecture technology, the network technology, the electronics technology and the mechanical technology. The technology aims to utilize computer hardware, software and various sensors to create a virtual environment integrating vision, hearing, touch and smelling, which makes users immersive in the environment. The operators are immersive in the environment and interact with it, obtain sensory stimulation through various media, and gain clear and intuitional understanding of the problems to be solved.


The relevant data (as of 2007) of 3838 domestic and foreign invention patents, which were granted by the SIPO in 1994, are comparatively analyzed, and fund that the maintenance rate, the maintenance time, the average number of claims, the average number of inventor and the time needing from application to granted of foreign invention patents are significantly more than domestic invention patents', and foreign invention patents mainly concentrated on high -tech fields, while domestic invention patents mainly concentrated on the traditional technical fields.


The synthesis of a few 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 5a-e is described. 4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid 2 is prepared starting from 4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzaldehyde 1. Esterification of 2 with methanol in the presence of H 2 SO 4 gives the corresponding ester 3. Hydrazinolysis of 3 with hydrazine hydrate results in acid hydrazide 4. Hydrazide on reaction with aryl acid chlorides in presence of POCl 3 affords oxadiazoles 5a-e. The compounds 5b-e manifest low insccticidal activity against certain crop pests.


The nature and stability of intercrystalline boundaries are discussed and conclusions as to preferred relative orientations are illustrated by ball-bearing and bubble-raft models. Electron-diffraction evidence from crystals of layer-lattice, ionic, metallic and van der Waals (organic molecular) types is presented, showing that crystal pairs and symmetrical or unsymmetrical triplet or multiplet crystal groupings occur, having a common lattice row, but in relative azimuthal orientations at intervals agreeing with the predictions. The component crystals were thus in coherent metastable contact of the type discussed, and in some cases strong secondary elastic scattering showed that the crystals were extensively superposed on the plane which was normal to the common row. The seven types of electron-diffraction pattern observed from such groupings, and the nature of the specimen preparation, suggest that the origin of these groupings is a mechanical deformation of the crystals during or after growth, by a process of `rotational slip' which has not hitherto been explored or defined in nature. Such slip is directly demonstrated macroscopically as a deformation process in potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate and gypsum, the slip being produced on the planes parallel to the highly perfect cleavage. The relation between rotational slip and the known types of translational slip and dislocation theory is indicated, and in particular the `deformation bands' investigated especially by Barrett and his collaborators are concluded to be essentially rotational slip bands initially at low deformation, though modified by translational types of slip at higher deformation. A valuable new insight is also provided into many observations on crystal growth and properties, especially the nature, determining conditions, stability and disorientation of crystals growing epitaxially on single crystal substrates, and into the nature of the deformation caused by unidirectional abrasion of crystals


This article illustrates the spreading and receding characteristics of non-Newtonian droplets impinging on solid surfaces at different Weber numbers. A xanthan gum solution was used to generate non-Newtonian droplets. From digital images captured using a high speed camera, spreading diameters and dynamic contact angles (DCA) were measured during the impact process. Depending on impact velocity, distinct differences in spreading and receding motions were found between Newtonian and non-Newtonian droplets, which were highly associated with viscous energy dissipation. The maximum spreading diameters for Newtonian and non-Newtonian droplets were nearly the same, but a much slower receding motion was observed for non-Newtonian droplets because of the shear-thinning effect. Moreover, a rapid decrease of DCA in the spreading regime was observed for both non-Newtonian and Newtonian droplets, indicating that the inertial force became dominant. By contrast, measured DCAs for non-Newtonian fluid droplets in the receding regime were larger than those for Newtonian fluid droplets, demonstrating that cohesive surface forces were more dominant than inertial forces in this regime. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2012215]


A hybrid structure was synthesized in which one portion is characteristic of a cryptophycin and a second sector bears the signature of an epothilone. The hybrid, in contrast to parent cryptophycin and epothilone systems, showed no effect on the tubulin assembly reaction.


Retaining students in Computer Science may be improved by engaging them in the learning process while preventing them from becoming overly frustrated. While engaging students during lecture is certainly important, most students spend a significant amount of time working on programming projects outside of class. Gaining a deep understanding of student engagement in programming is difficult, since the instructor is seldom present during the process. This paper presents the results of student surveys administered after each programming project for multiple sections of two courses: CS2, and Data Structures and Algorithms. We analyze the data in terms of engagement, frustration and niftiness.


English rhythm is related to contrast between the stressed and the unstressed in duration structure. In native English speech, in general, an intra-speaker average duration of stressed syllable is longer than that of syllable as a whole. On the contrary, that of unstressed syllable is shorter than that of syllable as a whole. In the previous paper by the present author, it was reported that stressed syllable durations of speech of learners tend not to be lengthened enough, and an unstressed ones tend not to be shortened enough as compared with that of native speakers (Nakamura, 2010). For these reason, learner speech does not have such a high ratio of intra-speaker average durations of stressed to unstressed syllables as native speech. Since this lower ratio affected subjective evaluation, a correlation coefficient between the ratios and subjective evaluation scores given by English language teachers was observed to be 0.48. In this paper, an indicator, which demonstrates more adequately a duration contrast between the stressed and the unstressed, was investigated, for the purpose of increasing the correlation with subjective evaluation. A rhythm unit was defined here as a stressed syllable connected to the preceding and succeeding unstressed syllables. Then, a value based on a ratio of stressed to unstressed syllable durations in the rhythm unit was treated as an indicator to represent learner characteristics. As a result, a correlation coefficient of the indicators with subjective evaluation scores was increased to 0.65. A substantial part of mechanism in subjective evaluation of rhythm in English speech was revealed and became possible to simulate reasonably by objective evaluation.


Tracing one generation of soldiers within one extended family during WWI shows the impact by the sheer number affected within one extended family who were present at major battles, notably the Gallipoli campaign and the Sinai campaign - including the Beersheba charge in October 1917. There was also the sheer horror of the Western Front, with missing bodies and unknown graves. Poignant too is the number of family members who were present at the same battle. Brothers reporting home on the quick and brave deaths of their brothers. Fathers searching for details - of lost revolvers and lost bodies. Of the 15 lives reported on here, nearly all were from country Australia or had immediate rural roots while most were of Protestant background and had enlisted relatively early. Six of these soldiers, although culturally Scottish or Anglo-Irish, were of Jamaican ancestry. Genealogy and family stories provide deeper insights into war service. Family correspondence indicates the bonds between brothers. These also provide richer insights about the ethnic background of a group of soldiers that challenge assumptions regarding the 'whiteness' and 'Britishness' of the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF).


Whether the guarantee system of accounting information is perfect or not is a key which can decide the quality of accounting information.According to accounting scandals in capital markets at home and abroad,we should pay more attention to standardizing and improving the guarantee system of accounting information quality from nine fields.


A field experiment was carried out at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan) during kharif, 2020 on loamy sand soil. Results revealed that application of PROM equivalent to 40 kg P2O5/ha significantly enhanced the growth attributes of cowpea viz., plant height, number of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation at 50 DAS and at harvest over preceding levels. It also recorded significantly higher seed, straw and biological yields (1099, 2495 and 3500 kg/ha) over lower levels. Results further showed that plant height, number of branches/plant, dry matter accumulation, number of pods/plant, seeds/pod, test weight, seed, straw and biological yields increased significantly with the application of PSB + VAM. Application of PROM equivalent to 40 kg P2O5/ha combined with dual phosphatic inoculation of PSB + VAM (P40IPV) was the most superior treatment combination for improving number of pods/plant, seed (1230 kg/ha), straw and biological yields.


We present results of numerical simulations of optical absorption line shape of Frenkel excitons in two-dimensional disordered lattices. Disorder is generated by Gaussian randomness in the molecular positions. The intersite interaction is considered to be of dipole origin, including coupling to far neighbors. Results of simulations are compared with those obtained in the frame of the nearest-neighbor approximation, showing remarkable differences in the absorption line shape. The motional narrowing effect is found to be essentially different from that previously reported for the case of diagonal disorder as well as for that produced by randomness in nearest-neighbor hopping integrals.


The monolithically integrated series connection of single solar cell stripes into complete photovoltaic (PV) modules is one of the key advantages of thin film PV technologies. Instead of the well established laser scribing for series connection, this contribution focuses on a novel in situ series connection technology, without breaking the vacuum during module manufacturing, and without the need of costly laser-scribing equipment. Metallic wires or other filaments aligned along the slightly bent substrate, sequentially pattern the solar cell layers for implementing the monolithic series connection, simultaneously with the consecutive evaporation, plasma deposition, and sputtering of the semiconductor and contact layers. In addition to a proof of concept by flexible PV modules, this paper for the first time investigates wire-shading on rigid glass substrates and by multiple adjacent filaments. The results of these studies demonstrate that the in situ series connection is a promising candidate for competing with laser scribing, not only in roll-to-roll production of flexible PV modules, but also in batch or inline processing of standard large-area glass plates. Applying the novel in situ series connection to a laboratory-scale solar cell process, yields 40 cm2 sized PV modules, consisting of ten single junction amorphous silicon n-i-p cells on a flexible polymer foil. The modules' total area efficiency of 3 % is close to the non-optimized efficiency of reference cells of 3.3 %. Wire-shading with wire diameters down to 50 μm proves successful, and thereby projects total interconnection losses F < 5 %, whereas the first experimental modules exhibit F = 15 %.


MAGSIC is an operation-oriented system in development dedicated to map-guided classification of sea ice for navigation route planning and meteorological modelling. It has already produced promising results in difficult situations such as the Gulf of Saint-Lawrence in late winter. The Canadian Ice Service (CIS) produces ice maps made of large regions with relatively homogeneous concentrations of different ice types. MAGSIC uses the information of these maps to produce a pixel-based (rather than region-based) ice map by labelling a Markov random field (MRF) segmentation of RADARSAT-1 data along with its derived texture features. The system uses a novel implementation of MRF segmentation in combination with a unique labelling approach based on "cognitive reasoning". Although reasonably successful, the system often had difficulties identifying ice type that required cues based on the shape recognition of large ice floes or leads. This article aims at thoroughly testing the MAGSIC system using validation data acquired during the "2003 Gulf of Saint-Lawrence SAR Validation Field Program" performed by CIS. Some new features were also added to MAGSIC and were evaluated. Results suggest a reasonable success and that the errors can be partially attributed to the generalized nature of the analysts ́interpretation and to the difficulties of obtaining concurring ground and image data. They suggest that classification metrics that can compare sample distributions were slightly superior for labelling purposes but this could not be confirmed statistically.


Boring behavior of first and third instar larvae of the rice stem borer ( RSB) ,Chilo suppressalis,on calcium silicate ( Si) -treated susceptible ( Shanyou63) and moderately resistant ( Yanfeng47) rice cultivars was compared in terms of percentage of larvae bored ( PLB) ,percentage of larvae penetrated ( PLP) and penetration duration ( PD) ,and number of silica cells in leaf sheaths and SiO2 content in soil and rice culms were determined,with the aims to clarify the influence of Si amendment on RSB boring behavior and whether there are differences in the Si-mediated influence regarding larval instars and rice cultivars. PLB decreased 5% -28% with increase in Si addition. PLP did not differ among Si treatments or between rice cultivars for the first instars; for the third instars,PLP significantly decreased 10% -40% with increase in Si supply and was 10% to 30% lower on Yanfeng47 than on Shanyou63. Si addition significantly prolonged PD in the first instars and,Yanfeng47 compared to Shanyou63 extended PD in the third instars. Increased SiO2 content in rice culms due to Si addition contributed to the reduction in PLP and prolong in PD of the third instar larvae. The current results indicate that Si amendment may contribute to the suppression of C. suppressalis directly through impeding larval penetration,and indirectly by delaying penetration,resulting in prolonged exposure of larvae to other control measures; Si supply impairs penetration more strongly in the third instars than in the first instars; and,susceptible rice cultivar benefits more from Si addition than resistant one in deterring boring by RSB larvae.


The article presents data on the species diversity of blood-sucking arthropods in settlements of various types of the northern climatic region of Belarus. A total of 3 species of Ixodidae − Ixodes persulcatus (Schulze, 1930), Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794; 14 species of mosquitoes from 3 genera (Aedes Meigen, 1818; Anopheles Meigen, 1818; Coquillettidia Dyar, 1905) and 9 black fly species from 6 genera (Simulium Latreille, 1802; Wilhelmia Enderlein, 1921; Cnetha Enderlein, 1921; Eusimulium Roubaud, 1906; Boophthora Ender-lein, 1921; Odagmia Enderlein, 1921) have been found. The abundance of Ixodidae averaged 6,1±1,97 per flag/km, adult mosquitoes − 12,5±2,9 individuals per sampling, larvae − 40,5±22,4 individuals per square meter, immature black flies − 96,6±12,7 individuals per square decimeters. The highest species diversity of mosquitoes was observed in the city of regional subordination, black flies − in the town of district subordination.


Uniform flow distribution is a significant parameter for designing pressurized membrane modules because non-uniform flow distribution can cause serious local flux and fouling problems within a module. Thus, this study investigated the fluid behavior with regards to the evenness of water distribution using newly designed inlet distributors in the inflow part of a pressurized membrane module. From the results of velocity and pressure at the cross-sectional and outlet planes, we confirmed that a conventional membrane module with no distributor (non-distributor) had fluid that was concentrated at the central part. Case 1, which had a cross-shaped distributor, reduced the central concentration tendency, and Case 2, which had a round-shaped distributor, displayed a relatively uniform flow based on the velocity, pressure, flux, and standard deviation data. Here, the non-uniformity coefficient (N) and energy utilization (η) for Cases 1 and 2 showed a lower non-uniformity coefficient (0.030 and 0.017, respectively) than for the Non-distributor (0.039). The energy utilization of Cases 1 and 2 were higher (1.35e-0.5 and 1.46e-05) than the Non-distributor (1.64e-05). Overall, we confirmed that the inlet distributors led to increased evenness of flow distribution within an inflow part.


The Shattuck Lecture on health realities in developing countries (November 5 issue) was a genuine service to all concerned. The authors were able to evaluate dispassionately the massive stumbling blocks to the delivery of even the most modest public-health interventions. As a health-education specialist who has experienced (in Kenya) each constraint described by the authors I offer a suggestion in an area that seemed somewhat neglected in an otherwise excellent article. As the authors stated trying to deal with the health problems of the adult populations of low-income developing countries is fruitless. It is the children who must be educated toward understanding and accepting public-health measures in the future. To that end the lack of health input into the usually free often universal public-school systems is a major oversight of planners. Primary-school teachers are literate are regarded as leaders in their rural areas and in fact serve in many places as resident primary health care workers. However they have virtually no education or materials with which to teach even the most basic preventive measures to their students. It was and is my hope that a comprehensive book on health be put into the hands of each schoolteacher. Other materials could be added as resources became available and as restructuring of the education system allowed. This delivery of health books would bypass bureaucratic tangles and provide a sorely needed resource for the men and women of these countries and for the children to whom teachers represent the hope of another kind of future. (full text)


A major concern in recent years has been the widespread tree mortality seen in many parts of the world associated with droughts and heat waves (Hartmann 2011). Although rising temperatures and shifting precipitation regimes are expected to cause more of these mortality events, the associated rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations could improve tree water use efficiency, thus mitigating the effect of heat and drought on trees. In this issue, Warren et al. (2011) report the opposite— elevated CO2 concentrations promoted greater senescence in temperate trees (Liquidambar styraciflua, sweetgum) experiencing a severe summer drought when compared with ambient CO2 conditions. Stands exposed to elevated CO2 had greater root standing biomass and lower stomatal conductance (gs) than ambient stands, which should increase water uptake ability and soil moisture, respectively, thereby improving drought tolerance. However, trees in high-CO2 plots were hit harder by the drought: they shed more foliage and had lower modeled net photosynthetic rates during the drought than trees from ambient CO2. The paper synthesizes a wide range of data across a number of scales, including leaf-level gas exchange, branch hydraulics, stem sap flow, fine root dynamics and standlevel biomass estimates, to provide a multi-faceted picture of how carbon and water fluxes were affected by this climatic event. The results also concur with another recent report, where Populus deltoides grown at elevated CO2 for 3 years were more susceptible to water stress, and shed more total leaf area during a drought, than trees from ambient CO2 (Bobich et al. 2010). Could rising CO2 actually increase the susceptibility of forests to droughts? A reduction in gs at elevated CO2 is a common response across many species, with an average decrease of 22% (Ainsworth and Rogers 2007), leading to the expectation


Abstract : This report provides a compilation of the most commonly used atmosphere and climatic extremes. This compilation has been formed to aid the user in understanding the differences between the atmospheres. This may, therefore, be used as a tool to aid the user in choosing the best atmospheric model for their application. Atmospheric profiles, Standard atmosphere, Cold day, Polar day, Tropic day, Hot day, Climatic extremes


• In 1998, the National Science Foundation will conduct a competition to fund new Science and Technology Centers (STCs). Since 1987, the NSF has established 25 research centers, including one in psychology, presently the only STC focusing on a social science. The competition will be open to all sciences and will potentially establish eight centers for scientific research from a pool of $25 million. Centers can be funded for a maximum of 10 years. For application information, contact Dr. Fernanda Ferreira of NSF's Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences Directorate. Dr. Ferreira can be reached at (701) 306-1731 or <firstname.lastname@example.com>.


After the stages of modernization based on the great mass parties and ideological cultures of the twentieth century, in recent decades the main factors of aggregation in politics have largely returned in the perspective of the changing personalistic dimension. These are relevant novelties from an analytical point of view, but without forgetting the ambivalences between "old" and "new" that are recorded in concrete political dynamics: spurious coalitions between subjects and organizations, particularistic exchange and personal bonds of trust, transversal to canonical category and class distinctions, have always played a significant role, even in phases of the pre-eminence of actors and interests of a collective order. On the other hand, research shows that the latter continue to be driving forces behind the emergence and success of political formations and parties. In this respect, the work of Max Weber and the sociological literature of a process-historical approach provide many insights to which it is useful to refer.


The intensity of the stress-induced secretion of ACTH was investigated in rats after electric lesions of Locus coeruleus and Nucleus subcoeruleus. Plasma ACTH was estimated radioimmunologically. Stress-induced ACTH release in lesioned rats was found to be significantly higher as compared with sham operated and intact animals. Some aspects of the participation of brainstem ascending noradrenergic pathways in neuroendocrine regulation are discussed.


In the territory of the states neighboring Hungary, there lives a large Hungarian minority, as compactlyon cross-border ethnic areas near abroad and dispersed in the Diaspora. After the change of regime in 1989, successive Hungarian governrnents have tried in various ways to deterrnine the position of Hungary concerning foreign Hungarians. For example, in 200l a law was adopted on the status, aceording to which Hungarians abroad on the basis of ethnic origin, could get a ""Certificate of Hungarian "", giving them certain advantages. In 2004 the country held a referendum on the issue whether to provide persons recognizing themselves as the Hungarians, but having a citizenship of another country, the possibility of a simplified procedure for obtaining Hungarian citizenship. After coming to power in 20 IO Fidesz party alliance (the Party of Young Democrats) and the Christian Demoeratic People's Party adopted the so-called the law on dual citizenship, which simplified obtainment of Hungarian citizenship by ethnic Hungarians living in other countries. In the neighboring states, this stride caused ambivalent reactions. In particular, in Ukraine criticism of the Hungarian bill is spread among nationalist politicians. However, the Ukrainian laws have numerous loopholes that actually a\low citizens to enjoy both Ukrainian, and Hungarian citizenship. Also significant is the fact that, aceording to opinion polls, a significant part of the Ukrainian citizens is willing to be holders of dual citizenship. The solution ofthe problem of the Hungarian- Ukrainian relations is seen in a broader dialogue, exchange of information aceording to the current Ukrainian, Hungarian and European
legislation.


Traditionally mineral oil is employed in power transformer as a cooling medium and as an electrical insulator. Recently, massive research work has been carried out to improve the thermal and dielectric characteristics of mineral oil; nanofluids, i.e. nanoparticle-based liquid insulation, seem a feasible alternative. However, concerns have been raised about the dielectric withstand performance of nanofluids after ageing. In this work, an investigation has been carried out to analyze the thermal ageing performance of nanofluids based on silicone dioxide, tin oxide and ferrofluid along with mineral oil. Based on previous results, the selected nanofluids concentration is 0.2 g/l in all tests, i.e., the concentration that allowed to achieve the best dielectric withstand characteristics. To characterize the dielectric withstand properties of the different fluids, we measured the Breakdown Voltage (BDV) and Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) of test samples for AC, DC positive and negative voltage. The results illustrate that, under AC voltages, aged nano fluids shows better performance than the base oil (Shell Diala D). In particular, the nanofluid based on silicone dioxide (SO) shows the best performance. The results reported here seems to confirm the applicability of nanofluids in power transformers.


The sulphide mineralization of different genetic types in the uranium deposit Rožna, about 50 km North-West of Brno, was studied. The disseminated ores in marble could not be the source for hydroterms of a younger hydrothermal sulphidic mineralization in veins. On the contrary, this type of ore, through its high contents of manganese (in the case of the sphalerite 3.4–14.6 wt. %), documents origin of sulphides from the protolith of marble. Pb-Zn sulphides of "hydrotermally altered metamorphic rock" – (metasomatites) are very similar to the hydrothermal sulphidic mineralization in veins. There are Pb-Zn sulphides located around the veins. These Pb-Zn minerals originated most probably by penetrating of the same hydrotherms, which otherwise acted as the source of the veins mineralization, to the surrounding rocks. Based on the results of the isotopic analyses, it is possible to interpret the sulphur of hydrotherms as sulphur derivated from the deep reservoir. Sphalerite-galena sulphur isotope thermometer indicates temperatures in the range of 260°C – 330°C for the crystallization of siderite-sphalerite veins.


Introduction: the use of oral health services is affected by aspects like age, sex, education, income, occupation, socioeconomic status, availability of services, geographic location, cultural aspects, attitudes towards health, values, lifestyles, previous health care experiences, presence or absence of symptoms, and disabilities. The aim of this study was to identify the determinants to oral health services use among a group of schoolchildren and adolescents with developmental disabilities in the city of Bogota (Colombia). Methods: a descriptive crosssectional study was conducted. A survey on determinants to the use of oral health services was applied to 102 parents of schoolchildren and adolescents with developmental disabilities in the city of Bogota (Colombia) during the first quarter of 2015 through probabilistic sampling. The inclusion criteria were as follows: parents in charge of schoolchildren and adolescents aged 4 to 18 years with an intellectual disability who were in cognitive, psychological and physical ability to respond. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the R software version 3.2.0. Results: there was a significant association between enabling factors like consulting for bleeding gums (p = 0.009), visiting a physician for dental problems (p = 0.081), knowledge of health rights (p = 0.001) or consulting the dentist for regular checkups (p = 0.006) and the use oral health services by schoolchildren and adolescents with developmental disabilities Conclusion: it is important to establish improvement strategies by articulating private or public health services providers with institutions devoted to the education of persons with disabilities, in order to reduce the access barriers in this minority group


A direct measurement of the L/K electron capture ratio has been made for 204Tl. An improved internal source scintillation counter technique was used. A crystal was grown containing 204Tl and this crystal was totally enclosed in a well-type crystal. The experimental value obtained for this unique first forbidden transition (ΔJ = 2, yes) is 0.42±0.05. This value may be compared with the value 0.45±0.05 calculated from the electron capture transition energy. In addition, information has been obtained on the β- decay branch. The low energy end of the Fermi-Kurie plot of the β- spectrum, after applying an exact shape correction factor, deviates slightly downwards from a straight line. This deviation is in the opposite sense from that obtained by previous workers with magnetic spectrometers.


Objective: Data is lacking about FOLFIRINOX use for advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in emerging countries. The objective of this study was to report outcomes of effi cacy and safety in the setting of a South American institution. Methods: Patients treated with FOLFIRINOX for metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer at Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (Brazil), between November 2012 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, safety, response and overall survival were analyzed. Results: Sixty-one patients were enrolled (metastatic disease: 31). Median age was 61 years (range 37-74), and 88.5% had ECOG 0 or 1; 90.2% had T3 or T4 tumors and 36.1% had node-positive disease. FOLFIRINOX was given as the fi rst-line treatment in 88.5% of patients, and was discontinued due to disease progression (55.7%), limiting toxicity (31.1%) or maximum benefi t (13.1%). Median number of cycles was 10 (range 1-32). Dose reductions occurred in 81.9%. Grade 3 or 4 toxicity were found in 60.6% and were mainly hematological (36%), neuropathy (19.6%), fatigue (8.2%) and diarrhea (14.7%). Two patients had febrile neutropenia. Hospitalization during treatment occurred in 31.1% of cases, with three potential treatment-related deaths. Median overall survival was 16.26 in the full cohort; 13.6 in patients with metastatic disease, and 18.7 months in locally advanced disease. The response rate was 39.3% (32.2% in metastatic disease and 43.3% in locally advanced disease). Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of grade 3 or 4 toxicities, FOLFIRINOX showed effi cacy for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and is an excellent treatment option in emerging countries.


Given GDP variations across CEE regions and with CEE regional structures and development processes only emerging recently, the cohesion situation under EU enlargement is considerably more challenging than when current EU regional policy was launched in 1988. Yet even that reform ran into problems given heterogeneity in the forms of regional governance across the EU. This needs to be fully recognised in the context of enlargement where pre-accession funding has focused on the national level, leading in some cases to over-institutionalisation nationally and relatively little achieved regionally. Building genuine regional institutional capabilities will require time and patience, necessitating monitoring and support along with post-accession Cohesion-type funding. Whilst the Commission has been the dominant actor during the pre-accession period in pressing candidate countries to put in place regional structures and development processes and arguably in attempting to kick-start Multi-level Governance (MLG), CEE national governments have acted as gatekeepers limiting sub-national actors' involvement to (partial) participation only.


In recent years, robots have been applied at different domains to co-ordinate collaborative behavior in distributed systems and providing a powerful basis for proactive applications of complex nature, especially in large scale disasters requiring complex tasks to be performed by groups under extreme time and resource constraints. Now a day's robotics technology is became very popular in all fields of human life. That's why Robotics was chosen as a focal point of this paper of its potentially transformative role both in a positive and negative way in addressing a wide range of development challenges, from climate change, healthcare, and agriculture to housing, transportation, and education. Yet while there is little doubt that technology will continue to be a driver of change across the developing world in the future, the precise trajectory along which technological innovation will travel is highly uncertain. A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. An important aspect of robotics security systems is surveillance of specified area. All of these tasks are performed mostly by human and trained dogs, often in very dangerous and risky situations. This is why since some years mobile robots have been proposed to help them and to perform tasks that neither humans, dogs nor existing tools can do.


Integrating wind energy into the grid may raise stability problems. Solutions for avoiding these situations are studied and energy storage methods are suitable for balancing the energy between the wind turbine and grid. In this paper, an autonomous wind turbine pumped storage system is presented. The focus of this paper is to improve the efficiency of this system, which is small at low power levels. The driving motor-pump group of the storage system is the key point presented in this paper for efficiency improving. Two control methods, experimentally implemented for induction machine are presented, and the comparison of the system efficiencies highlights the improvement of the proposed control method.


The Maison de Verre (1928-32) is a glass-block house designed and built by Pierre Chareau (1883-1950) in collaboration with the Dutch architect Bernard Bijvoët and craftsman Louis Dalbet for the Dalsace family at 31, rue St. Guillaume in Paris, France. A 'pataphysical reading of the Maison de Verre, undoubtedly one of the most powerful modern icons representing modernism's alliance with technology, is intended as an alternative history that will yield new meanings of modernity. Modernity in architecture is all too often associated with the constitution of an epoch, a style developed around the turn of the 20 century in Europe albeit intimately tied to its original meaning related to an attitude towards the passage of time. To be truly modern is to be in the present. However, it is also implies the awareness of an ever-changing present. A 'pataphysical reading of the Maison de Verre takes this idea further, critiquing the limits of our current view of a modernity associated with the kind of worship of modern scientific technology such as that of Le Corbusier's Esprit Nouveau and the Futurist movement, for while Pierre Chareau was "au fait with the vicissitudes of Cubism and Futurism", his work embodies a more Januslike image reminiscent of Alfred Jarry's 'pataphysical time machine where the view into the past lies beyond the future.


Objective:To observe the curative effect of low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) on hypercoagulable state in the patients with primary nephroitic syndrome(PNS) and to analyze its possible mechanism.Methods:48 patients with PNS were randomized into treatment group and control group.The patients in the control group were given only glucocorticoids,but the patients in the treatment group were simultaneously given LMWH,5000IU by subcutaneous injection for 2 weeks,besides glucocorticoids.The clinical effects and biochemical indexes were observed.Results:Tow weeks later,24 h urinary albuminuria(UAlb),total cholesterin and hemorheology indexes in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P0.05).But there was no statistic difference in renal function between the two groups.Conclusion:Using glucocorticoids combined with LMWH can improve the hypercoagulable state and hyperlipemia.


Purpose: The purpose of this article is to estimate the relationship between principal quality and turnover. Principals can have potentially large effects on student outcomes. When school leaders leave their roles, they cause disruptive effects to the school's climate. If effective principals are more likely to leave, the negative effects of principal turnover are likely exacerbated. Relatively little, however, is known about the quality of principals who leave the principalship. Research design: We use teachers' perceptions of their principals as a measure of principal quality to understand the quality of principals who leave schools. We address this research question in New York City public schools from 2013 to 2016, and then replicate it at the national level using the Schools and Staffing Survey data from 2008 to 2012. To understand how principal quality relates to principal turnover, we run linear probability regressions of principal exits on (teacher-assessed) principal quality, controlling for a set of teacher, principal, school, district/state, and time characteristics. Findings: We find that higher quality principals are less likely to leave their schools. This finding persists across school contexts and time, lending robustness to our results. Conclusions: Findings suggest that inasmuch as principal turnover is a concern, it is not driven by higher quality principals. Districts should therefore focus on recruiting more higher quality principals as opposed to focusing on reducing overall principal turnover. Moving forward, research should focus on differential attrition patterns so that efforts to retain principals can be better targeted.


Abstract : An analysis of Soviet attitudes and self-images towards Western pressures, Western actions, Western reactions to Soviet initiatives is presented. This study addresses itself to Soviet statements on four closely related themes: yielding to enemies, rebuffing enemies, provoking enemies, and retreating before enemies. It attempts to illuminate our understanding of the psychological implications of these themes in the Soviet decision-making process.


Soil-transmitted helminthiases are a public health problem in rural communities. A crosssectional study of the prevalence and distribution of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm was conducted in 281 Orang Asli children (aborigines) aged between 2 and 15 years, from 8 Orang Asli villages in Selangor, Malaysia. All the children were infected with soil-transmitted helminthes, with 26.3% of the children infected either with A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura or hookworm and 72.6% having mixed infection. The overall prevalences of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm were 61.9, 98.2 and 37.0%, respectively. Approximately 19.0, 26.0 and 3.0% of the children had severe infection of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, respectively. The prevalences and mean egg per gram (epg) counts for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura were not significantly dependent on age, therefore age-dependent convexity was not seen in this study. However, the results of this study reveal an age-dependent prevalence and mean epg count in children with hookworm infection. We conclude that ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection are still prevalent and therefore a public health concern in Orang Asli communities. Severe ascariasis and trichuriasis may lead to other health and medical problems. sia, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is worse in low-income communities, which include aboriginal groups (Norhayati et al, 1997; Rahmah et al, 1997), rural poor Malays (Rahman, 1994; Norhayati et al, 1998a), children in estates (Oothuman et al, 1995) and squatter areas (Chan et al, 1992; Rajeswary et al, 1994; Rahman, 1998). An earlier study of Orang Asli villages in Selangor reported that the overall prevalences of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection were 62.9, 91.7 and 28.8%, respectively (Norhayati et al, 1997). In the study, almost twothirds of the children were infected with moderate to severe trichuriasis, 46.3% had moderate to severe ascariasis. In highly endemic areas of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection, reinfection occurred as early as 2 months after treatment (Norhayati et al, 1995) and children remained predisposed to these infections over a number of reinfection periods (Norhayati et al, 2000). Moreover, intestinal parasitic infections interfere with nutrition, growth, cognitive function and educational performances in children SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASES AMONG ABORIGINAL CHILDREN, MALAYSIA Vol 37 No. 1 January 2006 41 (Robertson et al, 1992; Noakes and Bundy, 1994; Saldiva et al, 1999). The aim of this present study was to determine whether ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections are still prevalent in Orang Asli children in Selangor and to examine the distribution of these infections in this community. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects and study areas This study was conducted among residents of 8 Orang Asli vi l lages in the Districts of Gombak, Kuala Kubu Baru and Hulu Selangor in Selangor, Malaysia. Each village was comprised of a small population and the number of children in each village was estimated between 20 and 100. Most of the residents worked as laborers, farmers, or rubber tappers, and some did odd jobs, such as selling forest products. Most of the houses had electricity and piped water. A total of 281 children aged between 2 and 15 years (143 males and 138 females) participated in this study. Parents of all participating children consented to take part in this study after a clear explanation.


Abstract : A rapid technique for obtaining multiple serial bone marrow aspiration samples from ribs of dogs for differential and total marrow cell counts is described. Statistical analyses of data presented in a myelogram from 216 rib marrow aspirates from 27 adult male beagles indicated no significant difference in the cellular composition of marrow from several ribs sampled by this procedure. (Author)


Analyze the necessity of technical reform of temperature measurement system used in HG-240/9.8-L.MG35 CFB of Datang Power Plant.Prove that the restrictive coating thermocouple of model K is more suitable for product requirement.


From the shearing sheds of outback Queensland to the argy-bargy of Parliament House, meet Assistant Minister for Education, Sussan Ley as she outlines her vision for our sector and her plans for the Productivity Commission.


Discloses a sucrose-6-ethyl purification process of the present invention, comprising the steps of: first step: esterification of sucrose solution was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure at 50-60 ℃, the esterification of sucrose was then added at 10-60 deg.] C Volume 25-50% of an organic solvent, a white solid was precipitated; the second step: temperature was raised to 30-40 deg.] C was stirred for 1-3 hours dissolving the precipitated white solid was stirred and cooled to -5-5 deg.] C for 1-3 hours, filtered off with suction sucrose-6-ethyl ester obtained as a white powdery solid cake, and the solid cake was dried at 40-45 ℃. The present invention has the following advantages: The resulting white purity of sucrose-6-ethyl ester 97% -99%; the solid was stored sealed at room temperature, stable; high purity and low impurities, by subsequent chlorination reaction solution and an alcohol , not only reduces the consumption of raw materials, but also reduce the number and purified difficulty; reducing costs, increasing the yield, shortening the production cycle, energy conservation, and more suitable for industrial production.


Importance
Adherence to screening for vision-threatening proliferative sickle cell retinopathy is limited among patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy despite guidelines recommending dilated fundus examinations beginning in childhood. An automated algorithm for detecting sea fan neovascularization from ultra-widefield color fundus photographs could expand access to rapid retinal evaluations to identify patients at risk of vision loss from proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

Objective
To develop a deep learning system for detecting sea fan neovascularization from ultra-widefield color fundus photographs from patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy.

Design, Setting, and Participants
In a cross-sectional study conducted at a single-institution, tertiary academic referral center, deidentified, retrospectively collected, ultra-widefield color fundus photographs from 190 adults with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy were independently graded by 2 masked retinal specialists for presence or absence of sea fan neovascularization. A third masked retinal specialist regraded images with discordant or indeterminate grades. Consensus retinal specialist reference standard grades were used to train a convolutional neural network to classify images for presence or absence of sea fan neovascularization. Participants included nondiabetic adults with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy receiving care from a Wilmer Eye Institute retinal specialist; the patients had received no previous laser or surgical treatment for sickle cell retinopathy and underwent imaging with ultra-widefield color fundus photographs between January 1, 2012, and January 30, 2019.

Interventions
Deidentified ultra-widefield color fundus photographs were retrospectively collected.

Main Outcomes and Measures
Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the convolutional neural network for sea fan detection.

Results
A total of 1182 images from 190 patients were included. Of the 190 patients, 101 were women (53.2%), and the mean (SD) age at baseline was 36.2 (12.3) years; 119 patients (62.6%) had hemoglobin SS disease and 46 (24.2%) had hemoglobin SC disease. One hundred seventy-nine patients (94.2%) were of Black or African descent. Images with sea fan neovascularization were obtained in 57 patients (30.0%). The convolutional neural network had an area under the curve of 0.988 (95% CI, 0.969-0.999), with sensitivity of 97.4% (95% CI, 86.5%-99.9%) and specificity of 97.0% (95% CI, 93.5%-98.9%) for detecting sea fan neovascularization from ultra-widefield color fundus photographs.

Conclusions and Relevance
This study reports an automated system with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting sea fan neovascularization from ultra-widefield color fundus photographs from patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathy, with potential applications for improving screening for vision-threatening proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.


In this paper, we investigate the effects which are manifested at two-phase drainage flows in porous media at domination of capillary forces - Haines jumps. This pore-scale event is a rapid or burst-like invasion process and is reflected in sharp pressure drop during drainage displacement. This phenomenon was explored in three-dimensional digital model of natural sandstone which was extracted using X-ray computed tomography. For two-phase flow simulation the lattice Boltzmann equations (LBE) were used. The interface interactions between fluids and wetting effects were modeled with color-gradient method in framework of the LBE. We performed an association between pressure drop at Haines jump and direct imaging of corresponding rapid invasion event in 3D model. It was shown that Haines jump occurs at meniscus migration from narrow pore throat to its wide body. The velocity of meniscus displacement exceeds bulk flow rate in more than 100 times and it looks like burstlike invasion. Also, we studied the effects of flow rate and surface tension on Haines jumps statistics. It was revealed that Haines jumps at high flow rates occur simultaneously and individual jumps can't be distinguished on pressure signal. At regimes, where only individual Haines jumps take place, the flow rate influence is insignificant and the distribution of pressure drops can be fitted using lognormal law. Increasing of surface tension leads to growth of mean value of pressure drop and amount of Haines jumps.


Objectives To evaluate an education project on childhood asthma, designed to enable young asthmatic children to better understand their condition and manage it more e iectively, and to identify improvement in asthma management. Design Two-dayeducational programme,followed by administration of a lifestyle questionnaire. Participants and setting Children aged 5‐ 10 years, registered with a Tipton Care Organisation GP and identie ed as asthmatic from school health records. Main outcome measures Reduction in use of reliever inhalers; increased use of preventative inhalers; qualitative assessment of changes. Main results One-hundred and ninety-two children were identie ed as asthmatic. One-third ( n = 63) were not taking any medication, and appeared to be either wrongly labelled as asthmatic or recovered; 46% (n = 59) on inhaled medication were prescribed a bronchodilator and steroid inhaler;


Through introduction of the design of " Office Automation System of EPB of Shanxi Province ", this paper probes into the realizing method of office automation system under Internet environment by using Internet technology.


This chapter explores the trajectories of leaders, members and sympathisers of the United Progressive Party (UPP), following its breakaway from the ruling United National Independence Party (UNIP) in August 1971, its banning in February 1972 and the subsequent declaration of the UNIP one-party state. It also explores the changing political perspectives of Kapwepwe, primarily through interviews with many of his leading supporters in the UPP. In demonstrating the range of political ideas and tactics adopted by the opponents of UNIP, the chapter aims to illustrate major themes informing political contestation and debate in post-colonial Zambia. In seeking to contribute to the construction of a unified Zambian nation, the post-colonial historical project glossed over the grossly uneven nature of Zambia's liberation struggle. This unevenness left a profound legacy for political conflict that is only now being fully comprehended. Keywords: political contestation; United National Independence Party (UNIP); United Progressive Party (UPP); Zambian one-party state


Electron-spin-resonance and dc conductivity data show a thermal-history-dependent transition at 240 K in pressed pellets of C10& -doped poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MT). We discuss the possibility of this transition to be a Peierls transition from a room-temperature-metallic to a charge-density-wave state driven by anions ordering at this temperature. Below 100 K, dc conductivity shows a change from linear to exponential decay. Nonlinear conductivity has also been observed in this system for very low electric Selds.


We thank Dr. de Carvalho Aguiar and colleagues for their insightful letter entitled "Novel compound heterozygous mutations in PRKRA cause pure dystonia," which revisits our recent article on recessively transmitted DYT16 dystonia. The authors used Sanger sequencing to uncover novel compound heterozygous PRKRA variants (c.230G>C [p.Cys77Ser]; c.638G>T [p.Cys213Phe]) in 2 female siblings of a nonconsanguineous Brazilian family presenting an earlyonset isolated dystonia phenotype. In our article, we described a consanguineous Polish sibpair affected by adolescence onset dystonia-parkinsonism, who harbored the recurrent homozygous PRKRA c.665C>T (p.Pro222Leu) mutation within a 1.2-Mb spanning disease haplotype shared with three DYT16 families of Brazilian origin. Now, the identification of independent disease-segregating PRKRA mutations in familial dystonia rules out the possibility that the original c.665C>T (p.Pro222Leu) variant only represents an innocuous tag single-nucleotide polymorphism, which is in linkage disequilibrium with the real causative sequence alteration borne on the common haplotype. Hence, the study by de Carvalho Aguiar and colleagues finally proves that PRKRA coding region mutations are indeed the underlying genetic defect in DYT16. Considered with another recent article reporting compound heterozygous PRKRA variants (c.665C>T [p.Pro222Leu]; c.637T>C [p.Cys213Arg]) in a sporadic infant manifesting dystonia-parkinsonism in the setting of a febrile illness, to date, a total of four different PRKRA missense substitutions affecting distinct parts of the encoded protein have been clearly implicated in DYT16. All of these appear to be either extremely rare or private, as evidenced by recently released exome data from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC), and only the c.665C>T (p.Pro222Leu) variant seems to occur in diverse ethnicities (prevalence according to ExAC: 1:3336 in Europeans, 1:2575 in African Americans, and 1:964 in Latinos). De Carvalho Aguiar and colleagues applied four different bioinformatics algorithms (PolyPhen2, SIFT, Mutation taster, and CADD) to assess the possible damaging nature of the DYT16-associated PRKRA variants and found at least one benign prediction for each variant, indicating the limited accuracy of some of these in silico tools. On the clinical level, the growing number of molecularly confirmed DYT16 cases highlights phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from severe infantile combined dystonia syndromes to moderate adolescence onset isolated dystonia (Table 1). Also, remarkable intrafamilial variability is observed, suggesting that additional genetic or environmental disease modifiers may exist in DYT16. The most common clinical expression might be one of early-onset generalized dystonia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism, mandating comprehensive PRKRA genetic screening in such cases, particularly within a familial context suggestive of recessive disease transmission. Moreover, functional studies should be the logical consequence to provide insight as to how PRKRA gene mutations mediate the phenotypic effect and to develop therapeutic strategies for this debilitating condition. Autosomal-recessively inherited isolated dystonia phenotypes might be more common than previously appreciated.


Fine flake powders, having flake diameters ranging from 50 to 1 μm and stearic acid/powder ratios varying from 0 to 50 weight percent, were produced by laboratory-scale milling of aluminum, zinc, copper, and iron powders. The effectiveness of these flakes for detection of latent fingerprints was then assessed by comparing the print qualities obtained when using these flake powders with those achieved using commercial aluminum, commercial black, and commercial dark magnetic dusting powders. While the commercial aluminum powder was found to have an average flake diameter and stearic acid level close to the optimum values required to obtain bright fingerprints, several potential avenues of development were identified which could lead to the commercial availability of superior black powders.


A diffraction-limited bi-aspherical readout lens for the digital audio disc system has been designed and developed based on a high-precision lens replication process using UV-polvmerizable coatings. This single element read-out lens consists of a hall-shaped quartz substrate with two aspherical replicated coating surfaces. The design of the bi-aspherical lens is presented and its production described. The optical performance of the lenses proved to be reasonable with an rms-OPD of 0.055 λ, the primary lens aberration being spherical aberration.


Reciprocal signaling between lymphatic vessels and hair follicle stem cells drives skin regeneration Lymphatic vessels play crucial roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and dietary lipid absorption. An extensive network of lymphatic vessels beneath the epidermis provide a highway for the transport of immune cells that patrol the skin to lymph nodes, where antigens are presented to the immune system for surveillance(1). On page 1218 of this issue, Gur-Cohen et al. (2) reveal that in addition to regulating interstitial fluid balance and directing immune cell traffic, lymphatic vessels in mouse skin comprise an important stem cell niche. This intriguing work demonstrates that superficial lymphatic vessels located in the dermis share an intimate and dynamic spatial association with hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and that signaling between these two compartments coordinates hair follicle cycling and skin regeneration.


The world-wide diffusion and recognition of Technology Foresight suggests that it is of value for quite diverse types of economies and societies. Its merit as an important tool of strategic intelligence for policy-making also in small countries and transition economies depends on a careful tailoring to specific needs. Practice of Foresight is rather diverse also among small countries, but approaches tend to be more selective in scope, have more specific goals, and put greater emphasis on demand aspects than in bigger countries. Austria's first systematic Foresight programme (completed in 1998) is an example of an innovative approach adapted to the needs of a small country. This contribution shows how Delphi Austria was tailored to a small economy which had undergone a successful catch-up process and how the Foresight process as well as its results have been utilised.


The invention relates to a method for bonding a flexible printed circuit board and a flexible circuit component with cables, in which, the flexible circuit component contains a part with bare cables. The method is that: It provides a tenon and a grip, in which, the grip has a groove corresponding to the tenon. It extrudes the bare cables of the flexible circuit component and the bonding region ofthe flexible printed circuit board into the groove by using the tenon, so that it makes the bare cables contact bonding region.


There exist scarcely reliable records and data of storm surges even near coast and river mouths. In this study, currents with storm surges near the river mouths are studied experimentally by use of hydraulic model of rivers and canals in Osaka City, which had been proved to be able to reproduce water level changes caused by the past representative storm surges. There is a plan to construct gates in the rivers in Osaka City to prevent inundation of any storm surge, so that the currents are studied under the two conditions : (1) before construction of the gates and (2) after construction of the gates. The currents are deduced from storm surge loci or trajectries of floats. And it is found that maximum current velocity on the storm surge loci has a relation to time duration of the storm surge.


Reverse engineering abstractions are considered. Three kinds of abstractions are identified: problem domain, structural, and logical. Problem domain abstractions correspond to concepts from a program's application area. Structural abstractions are used to eliminate implementation details and redundant information. Logical abstractions are properties that can be logically derived from code. A method for generating functional specifications is described, which incorporates the abstraction techniques. It has been applied to a variety of COBOL programs and been found to generate natural abstract program descriptions. The authors describe work in progress, including the construction of an analysis tool that will be used to help verify the approach and to assess its complexity and computational requirements.<<ETX>>


The whole world is facing a big crisis due to the spreading of newly detected novel corona virus 2019 (COVID 19). A huge number of people have already been infected since last 4 months. People are thinking about the prevention of infected individuals, vaccine, medical treatment, and other precautions. The governments of most countries including India have already taken several measures like lockdown, social distancing, closure of schools, colleges, religious gatherings etc., to reduce its spreading. India is a developing country and most of the people are having below the standard income. So the lockdown in India has affected the poor and middle income group people. In this article, we will discuss in detail on the societal effects in India due to COVID 19 pandemic. The effects of health, essential commodities, Indian economy, domestic violence, politics, and psychology on society due to COVID 19 will be elaborated in detail. The aim of this research is to have a clear understanding of the present societal scenario during lockdown, which may help the government for better management and prevention of the disease.


The world market capacity of diamond tools has already reached USD10 billion,and will still grow rapidly in the future.It has analyzed the current situation and prospect of the international market of diamond tools,and classified the corresponding consumers,and concluded that Chinese production need to get some enhancement no matter on brand or on technical creation.


Data on individual variations from one election to the next is fundamental in the study of political behaviour, and should, ideally, be collected through panel studies in which the same people are interviewed at two or more or elections. This method is, however, costly and time consuming, and most analyses of this type are therefore based on recall data, in which the voters report their choices in the current election and also in previous elections. The accuracy of recall data is discussed, based on data from the Norwegian Programme of Election Research in the period 1977–97. Analyses show that one must expect, using this type of data, that about one in four voters will give incorrect information about their voting behaviour at the previous election. Erroneous recall of previous voting can be explained by variations in the voters' affiliation to the parties. Whereas stable voters who remain with the same party normally report their voting correctly, erroneous recall varies around 40 percent for party changers and rises to 70 percent among previous non-voters. There is, however, no uniform underlying pattern in erroneous recall during different periods, which implies that it is difficult to predict exactly how erroneous recall will affect the accuracy of recall data in one particular election.


【Objective】In order to elucidate the biological basis with high nitrogen uptake capacity in the wheat varieties,the characterization of nitrogen uptake and dry matter production in wheat varieties with different N efficiency were studied.【Method】 Yield,nitrogen efficiency,characterization of nitrogen uptake and key enzyme activity of nitrogen assimilation were studied in wheat varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies.【Result】 Under deficient-N conditions,the yield and nitrogen use efficiencies were all highest in the wheat varieties with high-N efficiency(H),then in the varieties with mid-N efficiency(M),and lowest in the varieties with low-N efficiency among all tested varieties(L).H also had the highest spike number per planting area and correlated with the grain yield and N efficiency significantly.At spiking stage and maturity stage,the accumulative nitrogen amount was highest in H,then in M,and lowest in L.The plant height,stem number of population,leaf area index,dry weight of population,NO3-content and nitrate reductase activity in the leaf at each spring growth stage were all highest in H,then in M and lowest in L.So were the canopy growth rate,net assimilation rate and photosynthetic potential at each spring growth phase.There were little differences on nitrite reductase activity and glutamine synthetase activity among tested varieties.【Conclusion】 This study indicated that the high nitrogen efficiency characterization in wheat varieties was tightly related to higher absorption and utilization capability of nitrogen,and better growth and development traits of plants under deficient-N condition.Under sufficient-N conditions,it was not always the same yield,nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen uptake and dry matter production as those under deficient-N condition.


Advances in surgical and clinical management of congenital heart disease (CHD) have allowed patients to survive into adulthood. The number of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients continues to increase by 5% per year with >1 million individuals in the United States.[1][1]–[2][2] There is


We present a list of orders, regulations, instructions, journals and other documents that must be developed in a medical institution for the protection of personal data of patients. An explanation and recommendations on the use of these instruments are given.


629Treaties — Definition of treaty — Undertaking by Member States of European Communities to provide funds for supplementary budget — Whether a treaty — Whether ancillary to existing Community Treaties — Whether inconsistent with Community treaty provisions regarding financing of the Communities — Effect of treaties in municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957 — United Kingdom Treaty of Accession, 1972 — Effect of the Community Treaties in United Kingdom — European Communities Act 1972 — Definition of Community Treaties for purposes of Act — Power to declare a treaty ancillary to the principal Community Treaties to be a Community Treaty Undertaking on financing for supplementary Community budget — Whether reasonably capable of being regarded as a treaty ancillary to the Community Treaties Relationship of international law and municipal law — Effect in municipal law — EEC Treaty, 1957, and subsequent Community Treaties — Effect in the United Kingdom — European Communities Act 1972 — The law of England


The relationship between the Real-estate (R.E.) market and the Financial Stock Market – as two major investment areas within the market of any economy – is of great importance. The purpose of this study is to investigate and determine the relationship between the variation in the prices of the Real-estate market and the Financial Stock market in Jordan for the period 2002 2012, taking in to consideration the prevailing economic factors associated with the development of these two markets. The study population consists of all the stocks which are enlisted in Amman stock exchanging (whether related to Real estate corporate or not) during the study period between 20022012. It also consists of all the real estate sales transaction records registered at the Land and Surveying Department in Amman capital city during the same period. Using the descriptive analytical methodology (statistical regression methods) the researchers found first: a statistically significant differences and positive correlation between the size of the real estate market (REM) and the indicators of (GDP at Market Size, Money Supply, Foreign Investment, Credit Facilities). Second: statistically significant differences and correlation between the market value of Real Estate (MRE) and the indicators of (trading volume of (ASE), GDP at Market Size, Money Supply, Foreign Investment, and Credit Facilities). Third: there were no statistically significant correlation between the size of the real estate market (REM) and the indicators of (General Price Index of (ASE), trading volume of (ASE), Expatriate Remittances, and Inflation Rate). Fourth: there were no statistically significant correlation between the market value of Real Estate (MRE) and the indicators of (General Price Index of (ASE), Expatriate Remittances, and Inflation Rate) at the level of the moral question.


In a patient with lichen nitidus, vesicular and hemorrhagic lesions were intermixed with typical lichenoid papules. The characteristic morphology and histology of this variant allow ready recognition. Exaggeration of the process of liquefaction degeneration of the basilar cells of the epidermis would seem to be the pathomechanism in this case.


The goal of this research is analysis of graphomotoric ability of children, children which are mild mentally retarded as well as recognizing the most stronger problems in primary schools between II and IV class. We have taken 64 school children which are mild mentally retarded, and go in primary school. We have taken both boys and girls for this research. In this sample, we didn't (are not) take the children with syndromes, neurological disturbance, pareses, and not regulated epileptic attacks. In this research, we had used McCarthyis scale for children's ability (test 12 - copy design). Given results, points on successfulness in resolving easier assignments while resolving more complexed, shows problems in graphomotoric ability.


This essay discusses the relationship between the Vineyard and the various other apostolic networks. By comparing the Vineyard with C. Peter Wagner and the New Apostolic Revival, I contend that the chief difference between these two movements lies in a Vineyard interest in pedagogy over a New Apostolic Revival interest in governance, and in the Vineyard's use of the figure of John Wimber as an exemplar for practice rather than as a figure of authority.


Objective To explore the effects of nursing consultation on resolving the nursing problems during the course of using insulin pump.Methods The charge nurses of clinical departments submitted a written application about the problems in using insulin pump to the diabetes specialist team.Then,the team organized a nursing consultation according to the work flow of nursing consultation.Results A total of 102 cases were involved and their problems were resolved timely.Conclusion Nursing consultation can effectively improve the quality of nursing for patients using insulin pump and ensure the treatment efficacy and safety.


A chip size package and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to relieve stress applied to a solder ball by using a dummy board and encapsulate a semiconductor chip by using the dummy board. Plural solder balls(102) are formed on a joint surface of a semiconductor chip(100). A dummy board(110) is adhered to the joint surface of the semiconductor chip, and has openings aligned with the solder balls. An adhesive material(114) is interposed between the semiconductor chip and the dummy board to adhere the dummy board onto the semiconductor chip.


Additional datasets allow the wavefront phase retrieval by the iteration procedure. They can be obtained in practice using the set of parameters in the phase analyzer, radiation and registration systems of the phase retrieval setups.


Critical anisotropy that exists in volcanic gas reservoir leads to great variances of single well controlled reserves and single well performance.Because normal gas reservoirdecline analysis doesn't work well any more in volcanic gas reservoir,new gas well performance analysis method based on flowing material balance is presented with single well as the object for the special reservoir attribute in volcanic gas reservoir.Furthermore,Blasingame curve is suggested to diagnose different flow period and enhance the accuracy of parameter estimating.Reservoir permeability,format pressure,wellbore skin factor and dynamic reserve volume can be obtained with the new performance analysis method,which is significant fordeveloping volcanic gas reservoir.


The study was aimed to consider different ways and genres of the compression of scientific texts. Author notes the specificity of acquisition of the compression skills by foreign students, draws attention to the stages of work on the transformation of original texts into "derivative texts" according to the ultimate goal. Author calls for greater emphasis on training on drawing up different types of plans, taking notes for scientific literature and lectures, writing of annotations and reviews, compiling thesis on different subjects and etc. Author provides valuable recommendations in organization and work with students and masters on the development their skills at different degrees of original text compression. The article acknowledges that training classes in the compression of scientific texts are very important for the development of students' communication skills.


This paper proposes an anycast routing algorithm supporting QoS in Multi-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) networks.It pre-computes anycast path with least hop numbers.This path can fulfill bandwidth constraint by link state routing protocol from the destination node(server) of an anycast datagram to its source node(client).The algorithm reserves bandwidth on LSP using constraint routing-label distribution protocol.Simulation results indicate that the algorithm results about delay and data loss-rate are good,and it banlances the server load to some extent.


Emotion information from speech can effectively help robots or virtual agents to understand speaker's intentions in natural human-robot interaction. Previous studies have indicated that temporal-modulation cues are important for emotional speech perception. Utterance-level modulation spectral features (MSF) obtained from temporal modulation cues are commonly used for emotion recognition. However, MSF is a kind of statistical feature and cannot reflect the temporal dynamics of speech signals very well. In this paper, we propose a categorical emotion recognition method by modeling time sequence of segment-level MSF. Considering that the voice regions of an utterance are more emotional, we use a temporal attention model to capture the salient regions of emotion representation in each utterance. Our experiments with the IEMOCAP database demonstrate that the proposed method can be effectively used to recognize the emotion state of speech from segment-level modulation spectral feature.


Our society is one of classifications and separations. When it comes to people, the dominant culture has struggled to make sure everyone fits into a specific category. Historically, non-whites have been defined by white culture according to their function in American society.2 The Native American was categorized as a wild animal that could be tamed; the African American was categorized as a draft animal that could be harnessed and put to use.3 While people are no longer classified by the dominant society as one animal or another, classifications persist in our society and, despite holding ourselves out to the rest ofthe world to be a "melting pot" of cultures and blind to racial differences, these rigid racial definitions persist. Particularly in the case of African Americans and Native Americans, these racial definitions have far reaching effects. But who gets to decide within which racial category an individual falls? How does that person decide who is a member of each racial category and, therefore, the recipient of both the positive and negative consequences that come with being Native American or African American? Is it even possible to determine who's who as far as racial categories are concerned? This comment will explore these questions. It will explore how Native Americans and African Americans have typically been defined in our country.


Abstract 1213 Poster Board I-235 INTRODUCTION: Patients with relapse or refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) still have a poor prognosis. High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cells transplant (ASCT) is the gold standard, while about 40-60% of patients treated can achieve a durable remission. Complete remission (CR) to salvage therapy is the issue for a better outcome after ASCT. IGEV chemotherapy is now emerging as the most powerful salvage scheme in terms of CR achieved, safety and stem cells mobilization. Tandem high dose chemotherapy and ASCT has been already reported as experimental approach in several non randomized studies which demonstrate its feasibility and low toxicity. AIM: To investigate the efficacy in term of FFP and OS of : To investigate the efficacy in term of FFP and OS of tandem high dose chemotherapy with ASCT compared to a single procedure, in the setting of HL patients which are in complete remission after IGEV. METHODS: From November 1997 to May 2007 121 patients were enrolled in a prospective trial with IGEV plus high dose chemotherapy with single or tandem ASCT. : From November 1997 to May 2007 121 patients were enrolled in a prospective trial with IGEV plus high dose chemotherapy with single or tandem ASCT. RESULTS: After IGEV, 56 patients reached complete remission. Main clinical characteristics: M/F: 30/26; median age: 31 years (15-70); refractory/relapsed: 18/38; median prior regimens: 1 (1-2); prior radiotherapy: 35; 3 involved sites: 41/15. Of them 20 received a single procedure with BEAM whereas 36 received tandem ASCT (Melphalan 200 mg/m 2 followed by BEAM within 3 months). No significant characterists emerged in the two populations in a match analysis. In our intention to treat analysis patients which received a single transplant have a relapse risk 3.3% higher than tandem group(C.I. 95%. 1.6.10; p value: 0.025). When we analyzed the program fulfilled, relapse risk was 2.13% higher ( C.I. 95%. 1.05, 4.34; p value: 0.035). No differences were seen in the OS, probably due to the eterogeneous salvage programs. : After IGEV, 56 patients reached complete remission. Main clinical characteristics: M/F: 30/26; median age: 31 years (15-70); refractory/relapsed: 18/38; median prior regimens: 1 (1-2); prior radiotherapy: 35; 3 involved sites: 41/15. Of them 20 received a single procedure with BEAM whereas 36 received tandem ASCT (Melphalan 200 mg/m followed by BEAM within 3 months). No significant characterists emerged in the two populations in a match analysis. In our intention to treat analysis patients which received a single transplant have a relapse risk 3.3% higher than tandem group(C.I. 95%. 1.6.10; p value: 0.025). When we analyzed the program fulfilled, relapse risk was 2.13% higher ( C.I. 95%. 1.05, 4.34; p value: 0.035). No differences were seen in the OS, probably due to the eterogeneous salvage programs. CONCLUSION: Our data show the benefit of tandem ASCT in complete responders to IGEV salvage chemotherapy, in terms of FFP in a multivariate analysis, in patients with relapse or refractory HL. Furthermore, a randomized trial comparing tandem ASCT to a single course of ASCT after induction therapy could definitively demonstrate its usefulness. : Our data show the benefit of tandem ASCT in complete responders to IGEV salvage chemotherapy, in terms of FFP in a multivariate analysis, in patients with relapse or refractory HL. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Age-related decline of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. We investigated whether plasma DHEA-S levels are related to endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary risk factors. One hundred and fifteen postmenopausal women (mean age±SD: 57±5 years; range: 48−65 years) who underwent measurement of flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery using ultrasonography were enrolled. Plasma hormone levels were determined in the morning after a 14-h fast, and the relationship between hormone levels and FMD was analyzed. DHEA-S was significantly correlated with %FMD (r=0.392, p<0.001), while estradiol, total testosterone and cortisol were not. %FMD in the highest quartile of DHEA-S was 1.8-fold higher than that in the lowest quartile (5.3±1.3 vs. 2.9±2.0 [means±SD], p<0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that DHEA-S was related to %FMD independent of age, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (β=0.344, p<0.01), and was itself independent of age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and smoking (β=0.291, p<0.05). In conclusion, plasma DHEA-S levels were weakly but significantly related to endothelial function in postmenopausal women independent of other coronary risk factors, suggesting a protective effect of DHEA on the endothelium. (Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 69−74)


The purpose of this study was to look at the factors that impact job burnout among Malaysian oil and gas employees. Workplace bullying, organizational change, and work-family conflict are the predictor variables included in this research study. In this study, quantitative approaches were used, and data was collected via distributed questionnaires. The statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 was then used to analyze the data. Several analyses, including correlations and multiple regression analyses, were also carried out. Certain variables appear to have a major impact on job burnout, according to the findings. The results of the study can be utilized by the company to improve its practices aimed at reducing job burnout among employees, thereby increasing employee performance.


This paper puts forward models of technological capability development for the corresponding growing technological leapfrog of developing country, based on further study of the accumulative models of technological capability as well as its approaches. The paper concludes that the development process of technological capability of catching-up countries displays a sequence from purchasing, imitation, independent leapfrog within trajectories to independent leapfrog based on new technology trajectory, which can be referred to as the four periods and types of growing technological leapfrog of developing country, with ZheDa SUPCON as the case.


ABSTRACT Moral identity has been identified as a consistent predictor of prosocial behavior, but the specific relationship and predictive strength of its two dimensions, internalization ("having") and symbolization ("doing"), are less clear. The current article explores this through two self-report studies. In study 1 (N = 228) a series of hierarchical regression analyses showed that, for three out of four domains of prosocial behavior, symbolization was the only significant predictor, and that its strength differed across outcomes. Building on these results, Study 2 (N = 299) proposed that the observed vs. anonymous nature of prosocial behavior could account for these differences. Unexpectedly, symbolization predicted both public and private behaviors, whereas internalization generally did not. Significant interactions between internalization and symbolization were also observed. These findings are discussed in relation to their theoretical implications and future moral identity research.


In choosing a title for what is so grandly entitled "an address" I chose to follow our esteemed past president, Dr. Rammelkamp, and speak of some of the early days of antimicrobial therapy. In so doing, however, it became immediately clear to me that both he and I had been perhaps unwittingly defining the prime function of the president of this society-a function best expressed by what a friend of mine says the New York Times says in an obituary for someone about whom there really is little to be said, namely, "he formed an interesting link with the past." In 1951 it was demonstrated simultaneously and independently in 3 different laboratories that a remarkably simple chemical compound, isoniazid, first synthesized some 40 years previously, had a high degree of antituberculous activity in the test tube and in laboratory animals. The history of science is filled with instances of independent and simultaneous discoveries of importance. Yet, no matter how often this phenomenon occurs, it is a cause for wonderment. This is particularly the case when the discovery takes the form of a highly important use for a previously known but unused substance. This oft-recurrent phenomenon has been discussed by Rene Dubos in his life of Pasteur, in the chapter "Mechanisms of Discoveries." He develops the theme that the particular preoccupations of the age play a most important role in discoveries and goes on to say: "One cannot doubt that discovery is always an expression of the intellectual, social, and economic pressure of the environment in which it is born" [1]. Hans Meyer and Josef Mally [2] synthesized isoniazid in 1912 in Prague. They were not looking for an antituberculous drug; they were satis-


The animal care agreement is one of an important part when someone
wants to have their pet being taken care of in the Veterinary Hospital. It is
important to know if there is such an agreement or not because the terms and
conditions about the implementation of the animal care agreement are regulated
on that agreement. It also contains the right and obligation that have to be fulfilled
by both parties. The purpose of this research is to know the implementation of the
animal care agreement specifically in Prof. Soeparwi Veterinary Hospital,
Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. The methods of this research is non-purposive sampling
which means the author decides who the respondents are. In this research, author
found the fact that there are some breaches of contract that have occured between
both Veterinary Hospital and the owner of the pet. The writter also found the
solution to problems that occur between those parties relating to the agreement.


Tungsten carbide (WC) particles (~1 μm) were dispersed in DI water and dropped onto conductive glass. The resulting WC films were used as dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) counter electrodes. The performance of the WC DSSC based on the organic thiolate/disulfide (T-/T2) electrolyte was ~0.78%. The cell efficiency was greatly improved after decorating palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt) nanoparticles on WC particles with a promising efficiency of ~2.15% for Pd-WC DSSC and ~4.62% for Pt-WC DSSC. The efficiency improvement of the composited (Pd-WC and Pt-WC) cells is attributed to co-functioning catalysts, the large electrode interfacial area and a low charge-transfer resistance at the electrolyte/counter electrode interface.


Scheduling and executing software efficiently on contemporary embedded systems, featuring heterogeneous multi-processors, multiple power modes, complex memory hierarchies and advanced interconnects, is a daunting task. State-of-the-art tools that schedule software tasks to hardware resources face limitations: (1) either they do not take into account the interdependancies among processing, memory and communication constraints (2) or they decouple the problem of spatial assignment from temporal scheduling. As a result existing tools make sub-optimal spatio-temporal scheduling decisions. This paper presents a technique to find globally optimized solutions by co-exploring spatio-temporal schedules for computation, data storage and communication simultaneously, considering the interdependencies between them. Experiments on mapping exploration of an image processing application on a heterogeneous MPSoC platform show that this co-exploration methodology finds schedules that are more energy efficient, when compared to decoupled exploration techniques for the particular application and target platform.


This article traces the uses of the concept of biopolitic in three intellectual fields: a reflexive use in French social sciences, a critical use in Italian political philosophy, an analytic use in English and American anthropology of sciences. It shows that the extension of power to the domain of life, diagnosed by Foucault in the 1970's, allowed to describe new empirical objects and to problematize political action by taking into account its mutations. It concludes that the concept of biopolitics may have lost its analytic capacities, but the task remains to articulate an anthropology of nature and a critical theory, showing how some events allow to see differently the relations between living beings.


In the iron-making process,hot metal silicon content is an important index to evaluate the stability of iron-making process and quality of hot metal,the prediction and control play an important role in the stable operation of blast furnaces.Based on the data collected from No.6 blast furnace of Baotou Iron and Steel Corporation,an autoregressive distributed lag model is proposed to predict the hot metal silicon content in blast furnaces.The result has been achieved that the hit rate of the model is 87.5% in the less fluctuation,which is of certain guiding significance for the production operation of blast furnaces.