We demonstrate selective control over rotational motion of small, linear molecules. By means of sequential excitation of the rotational motion by ultrashort pulses, we first prepare transiently aligned molecules with periodically revived angular distribution. Upon further, properly timed excitation, the rotational energy can be increased or decreased, depending on the exact timing of the second pulse. We show how this approach can be applied for selective rotational control of a single component in a molecular mixture. We discuss this selectivity in the context of molecular isotopes (14N2, 15N2), where the difference in isotopic mass gives rise to different rotational revival times. We further apply the method to the selective addressing of molecular spin isomers (para, ortho15N2) in a mixture, where wavefunction symmetry differences replace the mass differences as the origin of the selectivity. In both cases the method is demonstrated experimentally and the results are analysed theoretically.


Treating lower urinary tract dysfunction is a challenging task in patients with neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. Many of these patients suffer from detrusor overactivity which is a urodynamic observation characterized by involuntary detrusor contractions during the storage phase. Due to the neurological condition it is termed neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Often NDO is accompanied by detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), which is a detrusor contraction concurrent with an involuntary contraction of the urethral and/or periurethral striated muscle [1]. These conditions leave the patient with problems during both the storage and the voiding phase of the micturition cycle (e.g. transient high bladder pressures, incontinence and large residual urine).


iii Abstract The aim of this project was to develop a headphone concept combine with smart functions by focusing on the user needs and using industrial design methodology. It was intended to be easy to use, confortable to wearing and provide the most necessary smart functions. Industrial design methods used include design brief, work breakdown structure, functional analysis, design research, mind map, ideation sketching and modeling, among others. From the information gathered during the research phase, some areas of exploring were defined to conduce the ideation phase and then combine and narrow down the ideas in the final development part. The final result presented in this report is a single smart headphone made by 3D printer the earmuff covered by PU some parts build with form and metal.


The electronic industry has increasingly expanded its boundaries beyond the world. More specifically, the Brazilian cell-phones market registered a 24.5 percent growth in 2008, achieving remarkable 150 million mobile phones registered along the country. Concerned about the damages heavy metals found in nickel-cadmium batteries may cause, authorities created regulations over the use and disposal of batteries containing plumb or cadmium. Lithium-ions batteries, however, are not as hazardous as NiCd ones, and can be disposed in domestic bins (according to most legislations). The problem is therefore the volume of waste created by these products. One technically feasible solution is recycling them, recovering metals such as cobalt, aluminum and copper from empty batteries. Although this process is not profitable yet, this mostly depends on regulations over the theme to become economically feasible. Through Mineral Processing Unit Operations, this work demonstrates how to recover aluminum and copper from lithium ions batteries. By the end of the whole process, a large amount of metal is recovered, confirming the efficiency of the chosen processes.


The Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (KS) equation describes the step front evolution with the diffusional instability. By including the crystalline anisotropy e in the KS equation, the dynamical morphology transition from the spatio-temporal chaos (STC) to the periodic (P) front is observed by increasing e . The front velocity is independent of e for the STC phase, whereas it is inversely proportional to e for the P phase. At the transition the velocity is continuous.


We report on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of a dilute nitride GaAs1-xNx epitaxial film with x =0.008 grown on a (001) GaAs substrate under high-density-excitation conditions. The band-gap energy of the GaAs0.992N0.008 film is 1.34 eV at 10 K, which was confirmed by photoreflectance spectroscopy; namely, GaAs0.992N0.008belongs to a category of narrow-gap semiconductors. It has been found that a PL band appears with a threshold-like nature. At the threshold excitation power for the appearance of the PL band, the PL-peak energy is lower than the energy of the fundamental exciton by the exciton binding energy. The results described above indicate that the PL band originates from exciton-exciton scattering, the so-called P emission, which is typically observed in wide-gap semiconductors with large exciton binding energies. Furthermore, we have confirmed the existence of optical gain in the energy region of the P band with use of a variable-stripe-length method. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In the Supercritical Antisolvent process (SAS), the thermodynamic behavior of complex multicomponent systems can influence the particles' morphology. However, due to the limited thermodynamic data for multicomponent systems, the effect of solutes is often neglected, and the system is considered as pseudo-binary. It has been demonstrated that the presence of a solute can significantly influence the thermodynamic behavior of the system. In particular, when the SAS process is adopted for the production of drug/polymer coprecipitated microparticles, the effect of both the drug and the polymer in the solvent/CO2 mixture should be considered. In this work, the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), used as the carrier, and of the liposoluble vitamins menadione (MEN) and α-tocopherol (TOC), as model drugs, was investigated as a deviation from the fundamental thermodynamic behavior of the DMSO/CO2 binary system. Vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) were evaluated at 313 K, with a PVP concentration in the organic solution equal to 20 mg/mL. The effect of the presence of PVP, MEN, and TOC on DMSO/CO2 VLE at 313 K was studied; furthermore, the effect of PVP/MEN and PVP/TOC, at a polymer/drug ratio of 5/1 and 3/1, was determined. Moreover, SAS precipitation experiments were performed at the same polymer/drug ratios using a pressure of 90 bar. Thermodynamic studies revealed significant changes in phase behavior for DMSO/CO2/PVP/TOC and DMSO/CO2/PVP/MEN systems compared to the binary DMSO/CO2 system. From the analysis of the effect of the presence of a single compound on the binary system VLE, it was noted that PVP slightly affected the thermodynamic behavior of the system. In contrast, these effects were more evident for the DMSO/CO2/TOC and DMSO/CO2/MEN systems. SAS precipitation experiments produced PVP/MEN and PVP/TOC microparticles, and the obtained morphology was justified considering the quaternary systems VLE.


The Integrated LVC [1] Capability allows training to be conducted in a live ground environment with constructive air platforms and virtual screen interfaces. This capability increases realism and pressure on the trainee as he follows air platform procedures, because he/she is operating in a live ground environment. However this training benefit is achieved at a considerable cost saving because live air platforms are not required. [1] Live Virtual and Constructive


SUMMARYWe have presented a series of 242 patients with divisions of extensor and flexor tendons.We have presented results following repair of these injuries, using awards granted by the Industrial Commission of the State of Ohio as a guide to the degree of disability which has remained following the


ETG will be useful in resolving several physical issues relevant to Spherical Tokamak Reactor concepts. First, it will provide a test of whether transport is Bohm or gyro-Bohm in nature. The second point is that ETG will operate in a completely different range of {rho}* space from other high performance machines, opening up a previously inaccessible region of parameter space. ETG is also a (very) high-{beta} machine. It would be the only device that would have all of its parameters except {rho}* similar to those of a Spherical tokamak Reactor. If it turns out that the transport scales definitively as either Bohm or gyro-Bohm, then extrapolation to reactor conditions with significantly lower values of {rho}* would become more credible. It is also shown that in general one cannot obtain a power law relation in the dimensionless variables for the confinement tim from a power law fit to the engineering variables. It is shown, however, that if T{sub i}/T{sub e} and n{sub i}/n{sub e} are constant or if a modified definition of certain dimensionless variables is adopted, then such a power law conversion is possible.


We study the occurrence, visibility, and curvature strength of singularities in dust-containing Szekeres spacetimes (which possess no Killing vectors) with a positive cosmological constant. We find that such singularities can be locally naked, Tipler strong and develop from a non-zero-measure set of regular initial data. When examined along timelike geodesics, the singularity's curvature strength is found to be independent of the initial data.


The rite of Lantern is one of the most important ceremonies in Taoism. Its taking shape possesses profound folklore origins and ideological basis. With regard to the rite's theory, the structure and framework reflected in I-ching was adopted. The paper selected and probed into several typical ceremonies in the rite. Through reading the text and tracing back along the history, the author concludes that the rite is not only penetrated with Images and Numbers of I, but also implicated with profound philosophical connotations of it.


Introduction

The more the distance between the time of Qur'anic revelation and any period later on, the stronger the need for the interpretation of its message! During the last fifteen centuries a number of interpretations of the Qur'an, in almost all the major languages of the world, have emerged. These works are mere reproduction and repetition of some early tafsirbooks in Arabic, including Jami' al-Bayan by Muhammad ibnJarir al-Tabari (d. 310 A.H.),Ahkamal-Qur'an by Abu Bakr al-Jassas (d. 370 A.H.),Al-Kashshaf 'an Haqa'iq al-Tanzilby Mahmud ibn 'Umar al-Zamakhshari (d. 538 A.H.), and Mafatih al-Ghaybby Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 606 A.H.). The four tafsirworks representfour trends respectively, traditional, jurisprudential, rational cum doctrinal, and rational cum philosophical. It appears that the mufassirunhave unanimity over the fundamental principles of tafsir: (1) the Qur'an interprets the Qur'an, (2) the Prophetic traditions elaborate the Qur'an, (3) views of the Companions (sahabah) and the Successors (tabi'un) unfold the Qur'an, and (4) Judeo-Christian traditions help understand the historical narratives in the Qur'an. Yet, they have miserably failed to be common in their interpretation of the Qur'an. It is quite logical to investigate to find out what went wrong in the widely-applied principles of Qur'anic interpretation that despite similarity of applied principles the result is dissimilar.


Baseball's Manifest Destiny: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly by Patrick V. Miller Dr. Hal Rothman. Examination Committee Chair Professor o f History University o f Nevada. Las Vegas Brooklyn Dodgers fans blame Walter O 'Malley for destroying a way o f life and tarnishing the golden image of the postwar years when, in 1957. he relocated their beloved baseball team to the West. The relocation finds its impetus in .American adherence to nineteenth-centur}' Manifest Destiny and a major demographic shift following a post-World War II economic and technological boom. For the first half o f the twentieth century, baseball transcended a mere rooting fora collection o f superb athletes: civic identity rested in one's baseball team. Losing a team to another city was devastating-. For some cities baseball provided the affirmation o f civic status, which provides part o f the impetus for team relocations. Baseball can provide a portal to the past, bring communities together, and revitalize cities but owners can also bare their teeth, exploiting and dominating cherished traditions in order to protect their delicate prosperity from the scrutiny o f lawmakers.


The digital era has brought access to a wealth of information on the topic of giftedness. However, along with an apparent ease of use associated with online databases is the difficulty of finding relevant information from amongst the mass of non-relevant information. Existing information search strategies are limited and the area of giftedness is prone to search deficiencies partly due to the variation of possible search terms. The Pearl Harvesting Information Retrieval Framework addresses the complexities of searching comprehensively in contemporary databases. It was further refined here for searching in the area of giftedness. Using this framework, fifty-three harvested search terms denoting giftedness served as a search strategy. This wide range of search terms located a greater number of relevant citations than other search strategies.


The notion of Stonity of a pseudo-complemented Almost Distributive Lattice A is introduced and several properties of the Stonity S(A) of A are proved. Mainly, it is proved that the Stonity S(A) is the largest sub-ADL of A which is a Stone ADL and that S(A) is independent of the pseudo-complementation on A.


The utility model provides a light guide plate, backlight and a display device. The light guide plate comprises a light inlet surface and a light outlet surface intersecting with the light inlet surface. A white space region is arranged in a position, close to the light inlet surface, of the light outlet surface. A salient point structure is arranged in the white space region. The salient point structure is arranged in the white space region of the light guide plate, the contact area of a rubber structure in the backlight and the white space region can be reduced, thus the region, which does not contact with the rubber structure, of the white space region still can maintain self original total reflection characteristics, light scattered in the white space region is reduced, therefore the adverse influences of the rubber structure to the backlight are reduced, and the light utilization rate of the backlight is raised.


INTRODUCTION: Environmental and personal factors may be of importance for stroke risk. We determined the stroke risk factors among the stroke patients' couples and controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on 221 participants (71 stroke patients, 71 stroke patients' couples, 79 controls) aged more than 54 years. Framingham Stroke Risk Profile was used to measure the stroke risk. RESULTS: In subjects aged 54 years and older, became a couple of stroke patient were not associated with an increased risk of stroke. CONCLUSION: In this study, environmental and personal factors were an independent risk factor for stroke in stroke patients' couples and controls older than 54 years.


Let G(V, E) be a simple graph and k is a positive integer, if it exists a mapping of f , and satisfied with f(e 1 )≠6 = f(e 2 ) for two incident edges e 1 , e 2 ∉ E(G) , f ( e 1 )≠6= f ( e 2 ), then f is called the k -proper-edge coloring of G(k-PEC for short). The minimal number of colors required for a proper edge coloring of G is denoted by X′ ( G ) and is called the proper edge chromatic number. It exists a k -proper edge coloring of simple graph of G , for any two adjacent vertices u and v in G , the set of colors assigned to the edges incident to u differs from the set of colors in cident to v , then f is called k -adjacent-vertex-distinguishing proper edge coloring, is avvreviated k-AVDEC , also called a adjacent strong edge coloring. The minimal number of colors required for a adjacent-vertex-distinguishing edge coloring of G is denoted by X ′ ad ( G ) and is called adjacent-vertex-distinguishing edge chromatic number. The new class graphs of equal degree graph are be introduced, and this class graphs adjacent-vertex-distinguishing edge chromatic numbers of path, cycle, fan, complete graph, wheel, star are presented in this paper.


Stable isotopes composition is determined for carbon and nitrogen in tissues of 42 zooplankton species collected in the entire Okhotsk Sea in spring, summer, and autumn. These data allow to define trophic status of the animals and its seasonal variations. By d 15 N value, the trophic position heightens in the order: omnivorous copepods 15 N value (6.9-8.0 ‰) and the arrowworm Sagitta elegans - the highest one (12.0-13.5 ‰). The hierarchy does not change seasonally, but d 15 N decreases in summer for majority of species that reflects trophic consequences of phytoplankton spring bloom. The dwellers of the shelf have higher d 13 С values in comparison to the inhabitants of the deep-water sea, and seasonal variation of d 13 С could be reasoned by seasonal transfers of some zooplankton species between these bathymetric zones.


On the basis of a summary and analysis of wavelet transformation remote sensing image fusion method,in combination with the advantages of local variance and partial differential weighted criterion,and in the light of the deficiencies of wavelet transform method in enhancing space texture information,this paper has proposed an improved wavelet transformation remote sensing image fusion algorithm.With IKONOS multi-spectral and panchromatic as fusion experiments data,the new algorithm fusion effect was comprehensively evaluated from the subjective,the objective and the object-oriented classification accuracy.The results show that the improved algorithm combined with advantages of the wavelet transform and local algorithm is quite satisfactory.It greatly remedies the defects of traditional wavelet fusion method in remote sensing image texture information loss and serves as a kind of efficient remote sensing image fusion method.With the utilization of the new image fusion method,the remote sensing image variance is raised from the original 98.28 to 164.32,the information entropy increases from 5.30 to 7.85,the average gradient rises from 1.972 to 8.807,and the image classification accuracy increases by 10.24%.


The motion and dimension of molecular nuclear wave packets produced by an ultrashort laser pulse are measured by Coulomb explosion induced by a delayed intense fs laser pulse. Two different continuum wave packets in ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ are observed as they move from an internuclear separation of $\ensuremath{\sim}7$ to $g100$ \AA{}. The ultimate spatial resolution is limited by the pulse duration of the probe laser. For 485 nm excitation of $B$-state wave packets the resolution limit is $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ \AA{}.


Zhob Ophiolite complex is composed of three detached blocks named Omzha, Ali Khanzai and Naweoba blocks. The crustal plutonic section of the Naweoba block is mapped and divided into gabbro and granite. Based on petrographical studies, the gabbros fell in the domain of gabbro, gabbronorite, and hornblende gabbro while granitic rocks fell in the vicinity of quartz-rich granitic rocks, granodiorite, plagiogranite and tonalite. Gabbroic rocks cover the maximum area of the crustal plutonic section and are usually medium-grained while at many places the grain size is quite large to be seen with naked eyes. Minerlogically gabbroic rocks consist of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. These rocks maybe the fragments of main crustal plutonic section of the Zhob ophiolite. The granitic rocks having mafic minerals dominted in the eastern portion, while the felsic minerals dominted ones are in the west. The eastern side of the granitic body is compact and massive compared to western portion which is quite altered and shattered. Granitic rocks are composed of plagioclase, alkali feldspar and quartz where rutile and Cr-spinel exist in trace amounts. The gabbros of Naweoba block may have formed in a magma chamber as a result of fractional crystallization. While the granites maybe a late magmatic differentiate from the same magma chamber. The close correlation of gabbroic and granitic rocks of Naweoba block with Muslim Bagh, Khanozai and Bela ophiolites suggests their formation in supra subduction zone setting.


Over the past two decades several different approaches to defining a geometry over F1 have been proposed. In this paper, relying on Toën and Vaquié's formalism [23], we investigate the category SchB of schemes relative to the category of blueprints introduced by Lorscheid [14]. A blueprint, that may be thought of as a pair consisting of a monoid M and a relation on the semiringM⊗F1N, is a monoid object in a certain symmetric monoidal category B, which is shown to be complete, cocomplete, and closed. We prove that every object of SchB, that we name a B-scheme, can be associated, through adjunctions, with both a scheme over Z and a scheme over F1 in the sense of Deitmar [2]. Furthermore, we show that the category of "F1-schemes" defined by A. Connes and C. Consani in [1] can be naturally merged with that of B-schemes to obtain a larger category, whose objects we call "F1-schemes with relations".


This paper shows the details of measurement of the acoustical transmission loss of single expansion chamber muffler with various lengths to diameter ratios of cylindrical chamber muffler. A muffler is an important noise control element for reduction of machinery exhaust noise, fan noise, and other noise sources involving the flow of gases. Mufflers are typically arranged along the exhaust pipe as the part of the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine to reduce its noise. Firstly simulation tool results (Comsol) are compared with experimentally then results are observed with various expansion ratio.


0 NE need hardly emphasize these days the potential contributions of retail inventory control to marketing efficiency. The importance of adequate turnover is generally realized, and different products and brands are continually competing for retail display space. The retail grocer recognizes that a lowering of inventory levels will pay off doubly. Turnover on existing items can be increased and space can be freed for new items with superior income potential. The objectives are clear enough, but real problems arise in designing and implementing a practical inventory control program. Among the requirements of a "practical" program for the retail unit are the following:


Background: Acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the single largest cause of death in children in most developing countries. It can be prevented by simple interventions and treated with low-cost medication and care. Hence we undertook this study with the aim to assess the severity of LRTI in children using the respiratory index of severity in children (RISC) scoring system and to evaluate the prognosis of these children using this scoring model and to evaluate which are the risk factors that consistently predict mortality and morbidity in LRTI in young children.
Methods: It was a prospective observational study which included 104 children aged 1 month-6 years presenting with LRTI. Data was collected using a pre-coded proforma and analysed using R 2.6.2 (2008-02-08) and Microsoft excel.
Results: The risk factors for adverse outcome in children with LRTI were age <6 months, refusal of feeds, hypoxemia (SpO2 <90% in room air), and positive chest X-ray findings for prolonged hospitalization, age <6 months for need for assisted ventilation. 62.79% of children with a RISC score of ≤0, were managed as outpatients and all children with a RISC score of ≥3 required hospitalization, of which, 88.89% required prolonged hospitalization and 19.4% required ventilation.
Conclusions: A high RISC score (≥3) can determine poor outcome in children with LRTI with high specificity and sensitivity. This study may be used to limit hospital referrals to those most in need, especially in resource limited regions, thereby improving the number of children receiving appropriate treatment.


Brain atrophy occurs as a symptom of many diseases. The software package, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) is one of the most respected and commonly used tools in the neuroimaging community for quantifying the amount of grey matter (GM) in the brain based on magnetic resonance (MR) images. One aspect of quantifying GM volume is to identify, or segment, regions of the brain image corresponding to grey matter. A recent trend in the field of image segmentation is to model an image as a graph composed of vertices and edges, and then to "cut" the graph into subgraphs corresponding to different segments. In this thesis, we incorporate image segmentation algorithms based on graph-cuts into a GM volume estimation system, and then we compare the GM volume estimates with those achieved via SPM. To aid in this comparison, we use 20 T1-weighted normal brain MR images simulated using BrainWeb[1] [2]. We obtained results verifying the graph-cuts technique better approximated the GM volumes by halving the error resulting from SPM preprocessing. A. Zanca, Rochester Institute of Technology


Fast-steering Secondary Mirror (FSM) will be installed to the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) as a first generation secondary mirror. The FSM implements a tip-tilt mechanism which compensates image degradations caused by wind turbulence and structure jitter. A prototype segment of the FSM has been developed, which comprised of a dummy mirror, a mirror cell, axial and lateral supports, vacuum devices, etc. Several test-bed frames have been developed to hang the segment and to test tip-tilt functionalities. They have been designed, manufactured, assembled, and verified successfully step by step. Tip-tilt measurements were performed mainly by displacement measuring sensors which detect eddy currents precisely. The results proved that the prototype segment worked successfully, by complying the requirements of the FSM for the tip-tilt actuations.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: wound-healing ointment produced by mixing an elevated part of common St. John's wort, plantain leaves, motherwort seeds, an elevated part of celandine, dry petals of edible rose to produce mixed herbal raw material; that is followed by mixing cooking butter and lamb visceral fat and brought to the boil, added with the mixed herbal raw material and boiled, then cooled down, added with badger fat, stirred with a wooden spatula until cool down, filtered and chilled; the components are taken in certain amounts; the product is bottled in glass jars to be kept into a refrigerator. EFFECT: fast recovery of individual's injured tissues with no other medicines used. 7 ex


Fusarium wilt of banana, also called Panama disease is one of the most destructive diseases in banana plant. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense by using some Indian medicinal plants such as Calotropis gigantea L., Centella asiatica L., Ocimum sanctum L., Piper betle L. and Vitex negundo L.. The antifungal activity of the distilled water, ethyl acetate, methanol and n-hexane extracts of selected medicinal plants was tested against the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense by well agar method. Among the five plants tested, P. betle L. plant extracts exhibited maximum antifungal activity against the tested plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp cubense followed by V. negundo, C. gigantea, C. asiatica and O. sanctum plant extracts. The distilled water extracts of all the plants did not show any activity against the tested


We investigated the relation of oral and maxillofacial cancer to upper gastrointestinal fiberscopic findings and evaluated the value and reliability of gastrointestinal fiberscopy (GIF). Sixty-two patients with oral and maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma were examined by GIF in consultation with an internist.The results were as follows:1. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancer was higher than that in the general population.2. There was no relation between the region or the stage of squamous cell carcinoma and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal lesions.3. There were 6 cases (9.7%) of double cancer. There were also many precancerous lesions, such as esophageal dysplasia (3 cases, 4.8%), Barret's mucosa (3 cases, 4.8%), atrophic gastritis (26 cases, 41.9%), and intestinal metaplasia (9 cases, 14.5%). Four cases of active peptic ulcer (6.5%) were also found.4. The incidence of esophageal lesions in patients with smoking and drinking habits was significantly higher than that in patients without smoking habits, drinking habits, or both.In conclusion, it is important to examine the upper gastrointestinal tract of patients with oral and maxillofacial cancer by GIF not only to screen for double cancers but also to detect precancerous lesions and active peptic ulcers.


The chapter explores the relationship between the standards of intellectual property protection, the nature of technical advance in a sector, and the wider 'selection environment' within which technical change occurs. Taking plant breeders' rights as the focus of attention, the chapter explores the social construction of the standards of protection. Adopting a neo-Schumpeterian epistemology, the chapter conducts an empirical investigation of 'PBRs counts'. Thus, demonstrating the fallacy of mainstream economists who use 'PBRs counts' as unambiguous indicators of innovation. The chapter concludes that the standards of protection act as a nexus between a particular technological trajectory (trivial modifications in plant varieties) and a selection environment (agriculture predicated on uniform plant varieties).


Data mining is one of the important concepts in the discovery of knowledge, as it works to explore a huge set of information and data that is structured or unstructured and begins with several operations, the first of which is analysis and through which it extracts meaning for the data and finally, depending on the meaning, it is possible to predict future behaviours and take the right decision for any system. Where the work begins on the databases and discovers the invisible or incomprehensible patterns and discovers the most important information that is capable of making correct predictions. Data mining consists of four important techniques and is classified into regression and depends on prediction, descriptive (Association rules), classification, and finally clustering, and each of these techniques contains a set of algorithms. In this research paper, we will focus on the last type, which is the clustering and in particular the CURE algorithm, where this algorithm works to collect the data section by adopting a hierarchical approach, which helps to obtain the best balance and high quality in the assembly.


Microtomography is a powerful method of materials investigation. It enables to obtain physical properties of porous media non-destructively that is useful in studies. One of the application ways is a calculation of porosity, pore sizes, surface area, and other parameters of metal-ceramic (cermet) membranes which are widely spread in the filtration industry. The microtomography approach is efficient because all of those parameters are calculated simultaneously in contrast to the conventional techniques. Nevertheless, the calculations on Micro-CT reconstructed images appear to be time-consuming, consequently representative volume element should be chosen to speed them up. This research sheds light on representative elementary volume identification without consideration of any physical parameters such as porosity, etc. Thus, the volume element could be found even in noised and grayscale images. The proposed method is flexible and does not overestimate the volume size in the case of anisotropic samples. The obtained volume element could be used for computations of the domain's physical characteristics if the image is filtered and binarized, or for selections of optimal filtering parameters for denoising procedure.


Objective: Frequency-to-tidal volume ratio (f/Vt) has been widely used as a weaning predictor for years. A method using a hand-held monitor with an automatic f/Vt calculation was tested in this study to verify its clinical application. Design: This was a prospective study of 102 respiratory failure patients ready for weaning in a 15-bed adult medical intensive care unit (ICU). Two f/Vt measurements were taken daily: 1 by the standard manual calculation (Yang's method) and the other by the VentCheck(superscript TM) monitor. Weaning was considered successful if the patient tolerated 2-hour trials without distress and remained free from mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours. The patients were divided into successfully and unsuccessfully weaned groups. The sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio of these predictors were calculated and the data were analyzed with an ROC curve to examine accuracy. Results: The overall weaning success rate was 67.6%. There were no significant differences in the APACHE Ⅱ score, age, gender, and diagnosis between the 2 groups. Sensitivity and accuracy were higher for Yang's method (traditional) than the 1-minute f/Vt (91.3% vs. 81.2% and 82.4% vs. 79.4%, respectively), but the areas under the ROC curve were similar for both measurements (0.86). Conclusions: The 1 minute f/Vt using the VentCheck(superscript TM) monitor is comparable to Yang's method in predicting successful weaning of ICU patients.


This paper focuses on developing a "Project-Oriented Business Process Reengineering Model for PCM" (hereafter called Reengineering model)", which can be applied by Professional Construction Management (PCM) enterprises, when dealing with changing and high knowledge demanding projects. By using this Reengineering model, PCM enterprises can quickly revise their existing service process to meet various goals of specific projects. This Reengineering model is constructed based on both Single-Loop and Double-Loop Knowledge Management (KM) learning concept, and business process reengineering (BPR) tools. This model helps PCM quickly identify and quantify the service and performance gaps, and redesign existing service process. "Construction Cost Change Estimation Process" is used as a case study to validate this reengineering model, which can be a concrete instrument for PCM to reengineer service process, in order to ensure the process meet service demand of a project prior to implementation. Development of this reengineering model provides new input to the research of project-oriented business process reengineering. [Min-Yuan Cheng, Chi-An Chang. Project-Oriented Business Process Reengineering for Professional Construction Management. Life Sci J 2013;10(3):169-179] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 28


Infusion device is a means for injecting certain chemical fluids, nutritional fluids, blood transfusions and chemotherapy to patients. The fluid enters the body through veins. The use of infusion is actually not so problematic if the patient can be controlled and monitored periodically for a short time by the nurse. Some problems present when there is lack of human resources in the hospital or nurse's negligence. One of the problems is the administration of intravenous fluids. When the fluid runs out, there is no sign or warning directly sent to the nurse. Therefore, a system to control and monitor the level of infusion fluid is necessary to design. The system is designed to detect the level of infusion fluid using a level sensor and a microcontroller as the data processor and hardware regulator. This system sends messages to nurses by short message text application. The result of the research showed that when the infusion fluid is about to finish, the system notifies the nurse by sending an SMS.


Means for producing three-dimensional structure (2) is a cell of the present invention, includes a receiving plate (3), the support (4), the suction nozzle (19) and the mobile unit (20). Receiving plate (3) is formed on the cell mass (1) accommodating housing recess (3a). A support member (4) includes a plurality of needles penetrating the cell mass (6). The suction nozzle (19) for holding the cell mass adsorption. The mobile unit (20) so that the suction nozzle moves. The suction nozzle is provided on a cell mass in the tubular suction portion (19a) held by suction, the diameter of the adsorption portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the cell mass and the ratio of the support body (4) of the needle (6a) the diameter of the outer periphery. Cell mass as described above is sucked and held on the suction nozzle suction portion, the moving means so that the suction nozzle needle is moved upward, and then moves the suction nozzle in the axial direction of the needle so that the needle piercing of the cell mass, is inserted through the interior of the adsorption portion of the cell mass of the needle. Producing three-dimensional structure can be automatically somatic cells.


With repeated activity, force production, rate of force production, and relaxation time are impaired. These are characteristics ofa fatigued muscle (Vandenboom, 2004). However, brief bouts of near maximal to maximal activity results in the increased ability of the muscle to generate force, termed post activation potentiation (P AP)(V andervoort et aI., 1983). The purpose of the present study was to characterize motor unit firing rate (MUFR) in the unfatigued, potentiated tibialis anterior (TA). Using a quadrifilar needle electrode, MUFR was measured during a 5s 50% MVC in which the TA was either potentiated or unpotentiated; monopolar electrodes measured surface parameters. A lOs MVC was used to potentiate the muscle. Firing rate decreased significantly from 20.15±2.9Opps to 18.27±2.99pps, while mean power frequency decreased significantly from 60. 13±7.75 Hz to 53.62±8.56 Hz. No change in root mean square (RMS) was observed. Therefore, in the present study, MUFR decreases in response to a potentiated TA. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank Professor David Gabriel for welcoming me into his lab and making it possible for me to complete my thesis. I would also like to thank Greig Inglis for his continuous support with all the technical aspects of this project. Their combined expertise was invaluable throughout the entire process. I must also acknowledge the countless hours spent by Kyle McIntosh helping me both collect and analyze data. I could not have done it without you. Thank you as well to Professor Rene Vandenboom for supervising me during my time at Brock; I am indebted to you for your help and guidance. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the patience and support of my friends and family. Mom and


Objective To explore the effect of intra-and post-operative administration of supplemental high concentration oxygen on abdominal clean-contaminated surgical wound infection.Methods From January 2001 to June 2005, 425 patients undergoing abdominal clean-contaminated operation were randomly divided into receive FiO2 60 % (n=213, study group) or FiO2 28 % (n=212, control group) inspired oxygen during the operation and two hours postoperatively. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and the peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was were measured two hours after operation. During 15 postoperative days, the wounds that drained pus were considered infected.Results The results showed that the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P0.001), and the peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was normal in both groups. Seven(3.29 %) patients in study group had surgical wound infection, as compared with 18(8.49 %) patients in control group (P0.05).Conclusions The results indicate that perioperative high concentration oxygen supplement can reduce the incidence of infection abdominal clean-contaminated surgical wound.


This paper describes a monolithic receiver front- end comprising a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a novel double-balanced mixer with an IF amplifier and an integrated LO-port balun implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS technology. To improve the NF of the double-balanced mixer, instead of the traditional RF differential transconductance stage using two transistors and a current source, an inductive-parallel-feedback common- source transistor is used. The receiver frontend dissipates 24.12 mW and exhibits a CG of 14.83 ± 1.94 dB for frequencies 21 ~ 27 GHz and an NF of 5.96 ~ 6.86 dB for frequencies 21~25.4 GHz. In addition, excellent isolation is also achieved. The measured LO-IF, RF-IF and LO-RF isolation is -39.7 ~ -48.76 dB, -20.27 ~ -31.15 dB and -60.45 ~ -72.75 dB, respectively, for frequencies 15 ~ 30 GHz. The measured input 1 dB compression point (P1dB) and input third-order compression point (IIP3) are -24 and -13.3 dBm, respectively. The chip area is only 1.21×0.773 mm^2, i.e. 0.935 mm^2, excluding the test pads.


The main goal of the current study was to determine the reliability of Garfield's (1996) dream themes of the deceased in a larger sample of dream data. A total of 76 dreams were collected and scored by two judges to determine inter-rater reliability. It was found that Garfield's (1996) dream themes as a whole where not reliable. However, based on her previous work and others, eight new dream themes of the deceased were developed. It was found that these themes had acceptable inter-rater reliability. This research is a necessary step forward in dreams in bereavement research.


We demonstrate a surface emitting optofluidic dye laser using a second order circular grating distributed feedback resonator. The optofluidic dye laser offers a low-cost and integrated coherent light source for lab-on-a-chip spectroscopy systems.


The aim of this paper is to introduce a new class of open sets called h-open sets. Also, introduce and study topological properties of hinterior, h-closure, h-limit points, h-derived, h-interior points, h-border, h-frontier and h-exterior by using the concept of h-open sets. Moreover introduce the notion of h-continuous functions, h-open functions, hirresolute functions, h-totally continuous functions, h-contra-continuous functions, h-homeomorphism and investigate some properties of these functions and study some properties, remarks related to them.


A method for obtaining algal chromosomal preparations is described employing the Feulgen method for DNA staining, Fe-propionocarmine as an enhancing stain, and cupra-ammonium to remove cell wall material. Fe-propionocarmine applied as a gradient to the side provides cells stained with the Feulgen stain alone or with the Feulgen Fe-propionocarmine stain, thereby facilitating useful comparison. Where dilute the Fe-propionocarmine enhances nuclear staining without staining orthe organelles; where more concentration it also stains the nucleolus, spindle, spindle polar bodies, pyrenoid and protoplast. Treatment with cupra-ammonium, to remove polysaccharide wall material, followed by neutralization with propionocarmine, enables thinner squashes and better chromosome spreads without loss of differential staining. Preparations mounted in euparal are long-lasting.


The early glomerular changes in diabetes include a podocyte phenotype with loss of slit diaphragm proteins, changes in the actin cytoskeleton and foot process architecture. This review focuses on the role of the protein kinase C (PKC) family in podocytes and points out the differential roles of classical, novel, and atypical PKCs in podocytes. Some PKC isoforms are indispensable for proper glomerular development and slit diaphragm maintenance, whereas others might be harmful when activated in the diabetic milieu. Therefore, some might be interesting treatment targets in the early phase of diabetes.


Objective To explore the therapy of fresh bone defect by using gene gun to transfer the local gene containing BMP-2gene eukaryotic expression plasmid.Methods Select 72 healthy three-month old New Zealand white rabbits;set up a new model of rabbit bone defect in middle of radial;group rabbits according to the defect length:(1)24rabbits in 1.5cm group,(2)24 rabbits in 2.0cm group,(3)24 rabbits in 2.5cm group.Each group includes two subgroups according to the intervention:12 rabbits in treatment group(BMP-2 gene transfection group)and 12 rabbits in control group.Through the application of gene gun for BMP-2local transfection after bone cutting immediately,the control group with natural healing after bone cutting.X-ray examinations are taken at 1week,3weeks,4weeks and 9 weeks after transfection,and the tissues between the bone defect are taken to do BMP-2Western blot detection at 1week,3 weeks and 4weeks;and radius specimens are taken for gross observation at 1 week,4 weeks and 9 weeks,conduct evaluation of the healing.Results(1)Gross specimen observation:bone callus formation of treatment group is generally more than the control group.(2)Lane-Sandhu X-ray score:there is no statistically significant difference at 1w(P 0.05);However,the difference is statistically significant at 3,4,9w between treatment group and control group(P 0.05):treatment group is superior.(3)BMP-2 concentration quantitatively:there was no statistically significant difference at 1win the 1.5cm group;and the rest of each time point,BMP-2concentration differences had statistical significance(P0.05): treatment group was superior.Conclusion The application of gene gun mediated BMP-2gene to do local gene transfer in therapy of fresh bone defect is efficacious.


SUMMARY Systematic errors caused by some methods of estimating the parameters of a rectangular hyperbola are discussed using a second-order Taylor expansion. Effects of nontrivial weighting factors, sample size and types of error in the data are analysed.


http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Abraham, N L, Allbrooke, B M M, Asquith, L, Cerri, A, Chavez Barajas, C A, De Santo, A, Jones, S D, Lerner, G, Miano, F, Salvatore, F, Santoyo Castillo, I, Shaw, K, Stevenson, T J, Suruliz, K, Sutton, M R et al. (2018) Combination of searches for heavy resonances decaying into bosonic and leptonic final states using 36 fb −1 of proton-proton collision data at √s =13 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Physical Review D, 98 (5). 052008 1-32. ISSN 2470-0010


In an earlier work we analyzed the CP-even scalar sector of an S 3 flavor model, where we identified some novel decay signatures of an exotic scalar. In this work we extend our analysis by including the complete set of scalars/pseudoscalars, revisiting the potential minimization conditions in a more general setup, setting the spectrum in conformity with the current LHC limits on the scalar mass, and identifying yet another spectacularly novel decay channel which might be revealed from an intense study of rare top decays at the LHC into modes containing multileptons of different flavors.


There are many rural communities worldwide, that do not have access to a public utility grid. A solar powered DC Nano-grid could provide a minimum electric grid for powering essential appliances, such as lighting and cooking. In this paper a Tiny House using a DC Nano-grid is presented. It includes solar converters, battery storage and USB outlets. The power flow and storage of solar energy in the battery is controlled via DC voltage droop control. The structure of the DC Nano-grid will be outlined including the droop control. An experimental laboratory set-up was created, which was converted into a Tiny-House in a rural location. An online dashboard is added for monitoring the power flow and battery status. Using this stand-alone Tiny House, the concept of a DC Nano-grid can be tested.


Terahertz (THz) waves have attracted extensive attention recently owing to their spectral specificity and transmission properties. For developing THz technologies, filters are significant devices because they can manipulate waves transmission. Metamaterials (MMs) possess unique optical characteristics that are not available in natural materials, have been developed for THz filters. However, reported MMs with separated units only excite plasmonic resonances, which limits their application. Here, broadband stop filters based on H-shaped MMs (H-MMs) for THz waves were proposed. The H-MM has two continuous metallic arms that can flow the electric current, allowing it to benefit electronic applications meanwhile keeping the plasmonic characteristics. A stopband with a central frequency of 0.65 THz and a −10 dB bandwidth of 458 GHz was experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, this filter can freely tune its bandwidth and central frequency by designing its geometry, which provides it with potential in wide THz applications such as THz communications.


identifies three major reasons for acknowledging Native American land ownership: during the earliest years of colonization, the Native Americans were a larger and more powerful group than the English settlers; the English competed with France for control of North America, recommending a policy of land purchase from Native American inhabitants that would not alienate them or risk pushing Native Americans to ally themselves with the French; and the many English settlers, who had already received titles for land purchased from Native Americans, compelled colonial governments to accept the Native Americans as legitimate owners, lest these transfers be deemed illicit at a later time. Banner also tackles the legendary story that, in 1626, the Dutch purchased Manhattan in exchange for goods worth twenty-four dollars. His extensive discussion of the relative value of seventeenth-century currencies and their application to land transactions clarifies this issue, while noting that the Native Americans who sold Manhattan did not vacate the land. It supports Banner's conclusion that these Native Americans may have expected the Dutch to share resources with them rather than claiming exclusive property rights to the area. Banner's attention to the differences between European and Indian conceptualizations of property prevents him from stating a definitive conclusion about the fairness of the Manhattan sale, although he observes that European settlers, particularly the English, believed that 'they were buying Indian land for a song' (78) by the early decades of the eighteenth century.


At present,the honest-trust problem has been becoming one of the main barriers in the way of cultivating and developing web market in China.The paper analyses the problem from the perspective of the inner incentives and conditions of enterprises′ Honest-trust Decision in light of the game theory.It proposes some ways for resolving the problem according to the analytical conclusion.


THE importance of the role assumed by vocabulary tests in mental testing is unquestioned. Such tests have frequently been evaluated and often used as the best single index of general intelligence. Various statistical analyses have established the major role played by verbal factors. The appearance of the vocabulary test in a scale for the measurement of general intelligence is almost a foregone conclusion. In addition to these more widely recognized facts the use of the vocabulary as a basal index in the study of mental deterioration and other aberrations has become increasingly apparent. Psychologists using the vocabulary test in this way include Babcock (2), Capps (3), Schwartz (8), Davidson (4), Altman and Shakow ( I ) , Simins (g), Rappaport (7) and others. In general, the problem of scoring these vocabulary tests has been treated somewhat like the weather-everyone talks about it and is affected by it, but little has been done about it. A surprising paucity of information or research on the scoring problems of such tests presently exists. Capps (3) pointed out the possibility of scoring errors in the present subjectively scored vocabulary tests, and used objectively scored vocabulary tests in the paper cited above. Yacorzynski (13), in a theoretical paper, discussed the possibility of qualitative deterioration in word definition among deteriorated patients which'would be obscured by the gross scoring systems now employed. The implication was that deterioration ratios which use the vocabulary score as a basis for estimating deterioration may yield results which are a function of the scoring rather than of deterioration per se.


The convex hull of a planer set of points can be defined as the set of vertices of the smallest convex polygon containing all the points. If S is a planer set of points then convex layers of S can be derived by iteratively computing the convex hull of S and then removing it from S. Computation of the convex layers has widely been studied in the static environment where the set of points is fixed. The theoretical lower bound of computing the convex layers of a fixed set of points is O (n log n). The static convex layers algorithms with the optimal time complexity have already been proposed in the literature. A set of points where the points can be inserted or deleted is called a dynamic set of points. The set of convex layers should be reconstructed from the scratch at each insertion or deletion if a static convex layers algorithm was used to handle a dynamic set of points. Therefore, it takes O (n log n) time to handle an insertion or a deletion even for an optimal static convex layers algorithm. A dynamic convex layers algorithm has been proposed recently that can perform an insertion or a deletion by doing a slight modification to the existing set of convex layers. It takes O (n) time for an insertion or a deletion. It assumes that the set of points does not contain collinear points and that assumption is not valid in practical applications. Furthermore, the notion of tangent used in that approach restricts the extension of the algorithm into higher dimensions. This paper proposes a novel dynamic convex layers algorithm to eliminate the drawbacks in the existing algorithm. Salient feature of this algorithm is that it represents each layer as a set of line segments. The layers are modified upon an insertion or a deletion of a point by adding some new line segments and deleting some existing line segments. The proposed algorithm takes O (n 3 /k 2 ) time for an insertion or a deletion where k is the number of convex layers. A computer implementation is also presented. The proposed algorithm can work with set of points with collinear points and coincident points. The notion used in the algorithm can easily be extended to higher dimensions. Suppose the set of convex layers have already been found for a given set of points. Further, suppose that the layers are close to each other and new points are expected to fall within the region bounded by the outermost layer. This kind of situations widely occurs in practice and then the proposed algorithm takes O (n) time for an inclusion or a deletion.


A loaded freight vehicle with two three-piece bogies is modelled using the accessible mathematical software MATLAB. The results are compared with its corresponding ADAMS/Rail dynamic multibody simulation model, where similar derailment factors are encountered for the freight vehicle. Both models reveal that the possibility of derailment increases immediately after entering and at the end of the curve – signifying the beginning and the end of the curve as two major points for derailment. Although a three-piece bogie construction is rather simple, its mathematical model proves to be very complex and is nonlinear due to the reported frictional contact at the rail/wheel interface as well as the friction wedges. This research is stimulated by bogie derailments that have occurred in the Iranian railways as well as those in the rest of the world.


OBJECTIVE Exogenous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or GLP-1 receptor agonists such as an exendin-4 has direct beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, their effects on atherosclerogenesis have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 on accumulation of monocytes/macrophages on the vascular wall, one of the earliest steps in atherosclerogenesis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After continuous infusion of low (300 pmol · kg−1 · day−1) or high (24 nmol · kg−1 · day−1) dose of exendin-4 in C57BL/6 or apolipoprotein E–deficient mice (apoE−/−), we evaluated monocyte adhesion to the endothelia of thoracic aorta and arteriosclerotic lesions around the aortic valve. The effects of exendin-4 were investigated in mouse macrophages and human monocytes. RESULTS Treatment with exendin-4 significantly inhibited monocytic adhesion in the aortas of C57BL/6 mice without affecting metabolic parameters. In apoE−/− mice, the same treatment reduced monocyte adhesion to the endothelium and suppressed atherosclerogenesis. In vitro treatment of mouse macrophages with exendin-4 suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and suppressed nuclear translocation of p65, a component of nuclear factor-κB. This effect was reversed by either MDL-12330A, a cAMP inhibitor or PKI14-22, a protein kinase A–specific inhibitor. In human monocytes, exendin-4 reduced the expression of CD11b. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced monocyte/macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall by inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages, and that this effect may contribute to the attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by exendin-4.


This paper describes a randomized controlled evaluation of a web-based parenting-after-divorce/separation program, the electronic New Beginnings Program (eNBP). This project advances the goal of making parent education programs widely accessible (e.g., Salem et al., 2013; Schramm & Becher, 2020) and is consistent with the Association of Family and Conciliation Court's (AFCC) vision of developing a justice system in which all professionals work collaboratively through education, support, and access to services to achieve the best possible outcome for children and families. This is the first study to demonstrate that a web-based parenting program for separated/divorced parents significantly reduced children's mental health problems. In addition to improving children's mental health problems, the program improved two aspects of positive parenting, parent-child relationship quality and effective discipline, and reduced interparental conflict. Because the program effects on all outcomes occurred for both parent and child reports, confidence in the findings is increased.


Mental patients manifest a range of very unusual behavior before they are hospitalized. During this time, the persons about them somehow tolerate this behavior. We shall consider some of the familial and status conditions which qualify this tolerance.


Teachers' moral indifference is the obstacle among teachers and students to achieve effective communication,which leads to teachers' lack of sympathy,understanding and love for students,and lack of the enthusiasm to communicate with students effectively,as a result,teachers can not fulfill the sacred mission of teaching.Therefore,teachers and school administrators must attach great importance to these situations and take appropriate measures for rehabilitation.


MRI for Assessment of Coronary Arteries. The clinical application of coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) is limited by several factors, such as small vessel diameter, winding, proximity to epicardial fat as well as artefacts due to Aus der 13. Medizinischen Abteilung/Kardiologie, KH St. Polten, und dem 2Zentralrontgeninstitut, KH St. Polten Korrespondenzadresse: Univ.-Doz. Dr. med. Sebastian Globits, 3. Medizinische Abteilung, KH St. Polten, Propst-Fuhrer-Strase 4, A-3100 St. Polten; E-Mail: email@example.com cardiac and respiratory motion. Recent technical advances in hardand software helped to overcome some of the inherent problems and allow visualisation of proximal coronaries, thus making CMRA potentially clinical useful. Since CMRA obviates patient exposure to radiation and potential risks of invasive X-ray angiography, it would be extremely helpful as a noninvasive screening and follow-up procedure. The following article reviews the issues involved in CMRA and its potential use in the clinical area. J Kardiol 2003; 10: 50–5.


Regional Water Company (PDAM) of Badung Regency has the authority and responsibility for water resource management, including regulating, deciding and providing licenses for provision of supply, use and cultivating of water resources. The authority of Regional Water Company (PDAM) of Badung in providing general service creates an opportunity which possibly causes disputes to occur between Regional Water Company (PDAM) as the party having authority to water resource and community as the customers. In relation to such matter, this paper discusses two problems: 1. The authority of Regional Water Company of Badung Regency for drinking water management in Badung Regency; 2. The legal liability of Regional Water Company (PDAM) of Badung Regency, in the event of disputes arise with service users of Regional Water Company. The method applied is normative research methods. The conclusions obtained are: 1. The Regional Water Company (PDAM) of Badung Regency in implementing its authority on water supply management requires agreement or power of attorney from the chief of the region through supervising board especially in determining rate; 2. In the event of a dispute arises, the settlement is prioritized through non litigation procedures, litigation action through district court.


The function of a test structure for the environmental restoration in enclosed sea area was assessed by several field investigations. The objective of the structure is to activate material cycle through the foodweb of marine organisms feeding on suspended solid. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom of structure was lower than 3mg/l in summer, because a number of mussels on the porous concrete had consumed oxygen. The mussels also had an effect on decreasing suspended solid, and concentration of suspended solid in the structure wasrelatively lower than the outside due to their feeding activities. Amount of deposited seston varied with seasons. Thedeposited seston contained faeces and pseudofaeces of mussels, indicating that suspended solid was transferred by mussel filteration onto the bottom of structure. However, since few numbers of deposit feeder inhabited the bottomof structure, deposited seston have accumulated and caused deterioration of sediment quality. Some ideas for improvement of the structure were proposed in the discussion. Keywords; food web, shore structure, sediment, deposit feeder, dissolved oxygen 1 はじめに 港湾や河口においては、護岸、岸壁、防波堤の内側等の直立構造物で海岸が形成されることが多い。 従来の自然海岸は緩やかな傾斜の基盤上に多種多様な生物が生息 し、豊かな生態系を形成 しているのに 対して、岸壁や護岸等の直立構造物が設置された水域ではそのような自然の姿は見られない。また、大 都市周辺の閉鎖性内湾においては、赤潮の発生や底層の貧酸素化 など、様々な問題が生じている。陸域 からの過度の有機物および栄養塩の流入が主な原因であるが、本来、生態系内で生物によって利用され ていた物質の経路が途中で閉ざされてしまったことも一因である1),2)。典型的な直立構造物に囲まれた内 湾におけるこれらの問題点を整理すると次のようになる。 *"¿"‡'åŠw'åŠw‰@•HŠwŒ¤‹†‰ÈƒGƒRƒVƒXƒeƒ€•HŠw•ê•U (Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokushima) **株 式 会社 エ コー 環境 ・計 画 部 (Environment and Planning Department, Ecoh Corporation, Tokyo) ***徳島大学 工学部 建設工学科 (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima) ****国土交通省 四国地方整備局 高松港湾空港技術調査事務所 (Port and Airport Technical Investigation Office, The Shikoku Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport)


John N Auckland BSc, PhD, Clive Hunt BSc, MPhil and Yvette Whelbourn describe an investigation they carried out to discover how much a certain group of students knew about some aspects of nutrition. The students, from The Polytechnic, Huddersfield, had made a voluntary decision to slim and were also self catering. The authors found that, in general, female students were nutritionally more knowledgeable than males, having a better idea of relative energy values and which foods it is necessary to reduce in order to slim. However, the intake of several vitamins and minerals fell substantially below UK recommended levels during slimming and the results therefore suggest that self‐catering students would benefit from nutritional advice and possibly access to specifically formulated slimming diets


The dimension and numerical value of the constant (Kp) and (KOP) of equilibrium of chemical reaction are explored from different perspective of college chemistry. It is enhanced the comprehension of such knowledge in text-books of college and middle school.


This contribution deals with three major questions: 1. Was 'eagle' in Celtic and Balto-Slavic extended in -l- or in -r-? 2. Can Balto-Slavic 'swan' be etymologised as 'beaked' with the help of Celtic? 3. Can words for 'fox' be based on a Celto-Baltic or Celto-Slavic isogloss?


Pinus mugo is an extremely tolerant species in relation to habitat and has a great ability to adapt to various environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to compare the level of morphological and anatomical variation of needles of P. mugo growing on different substrata (limestone, granite and peat bog). The material was collected in the Tatra Mts. from three natural populations: G‡adkie Up‡aziaaeskie slope, G"sienicowa Valley (E slope near Czarny Staw G"sienicowy) and Polana Waksmundzka peat bog. Thirteen quantitative traits were examined. The results indicate that the populations significantly differed from each other, while variation within populations was low and on a similar level, irrespective of the kind of habitat.


By this Comment we would like to point out that the authors of Ref. 1 have ignored the orbital magnetism that makes the theory irrelevant to the real systems like NiO.It causes that the calculated result for the magnetic moment of NiO substantially disagrees with the experimental observation. PACS: 71.70.E, 75.10.D,


We report on electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing (RL) from heterostructures formed by bilayered MgZnO films on silicon, where Mg0.15Zn0.85O and MgxZn1−xO (x=0.25 or above) films act as the light-emitting and barrier layers, respectively. While, with a barrier layer composed of a Mg0.20Zn0.80O film, only spontaneous electroluminescence occurs in the heterostructures. It has thus been proved that a large enough conduction-band offset (ΔEc) is necessary for the electrically pumped RL from the MgZnO film-based heterostructures. The ΔEc required herein is estimated to be ∼0.17 eV. The mechanism for the results as mentioned above has been tentatively elucidated.


Although Campbell and Lakie in a Comment to the Editor in this issue of Biophysical Journal suggested that exclusive cross-bridge action is behind muscle thixotropy, recent findings and our preliminary observations suggest that additional mechanisms could also be involved.


Old Europe, new Europe and the transatlantic security agenda / edited by Kerry Longhurst and Marcin Zaborowski. ‐London and New York : Routledge, 2005. ‐ vii, 213 p. ‐ ISBN 0–415–34820‐X


There is an inverse relationship between surface brightness and polarization in the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. This relationship was first observed by the French astronomers B. Lyot and A. Dollfus in the early 20th century for planetary surfaces and laboratory models. The relationship was later confirmed principally by Egan and his coworkers in the Grumman Research Department in lunar simulation experiments prior to the Lunar Module landing. The observations indicate that the percent polarization (The percent polarization is the ratio of the difference between two orthogonal polarized measurements ratioed to the sum multiplied by 100) is an inverse function of the surface brightness (albedo). The Grumman instrument was a unique large scale polarimeter/photometer that allowed measurements not only of coated surfaces, but of particulates or structural surfaces up to 10 centimeters in diameter. It was found that, for instance, a diffuse surface having a reflectance of 2% could have a percent polarization of nearly 100%. The polarization was found to be a function of the optical complex index of refraction of the surface and the surface structure, and the relationship was found to be true for farm soils, agricultural and forested areas and was useful to characterize them. Astronomical and recent laboratory data will be presented to illustrate the relationship. More recent polarimeters will be discussed that permit polarization measurements accurate to plus or minus 0.1% from 0 to 100%.


In the opening and closing system of sluice gate using two hydraulic cylinders, the most important technique which is needed during the lifting stroke of sluice gate over 10M is minute synchronous position control. The rods of two cylinders causes position differences by the irregular flow and pressure and nonlinear friction force of cylinder piston. This phenomenon results in the wearing of sluice gate, and moreover, causes the out of commission of opening and closing movement. In this study, we suggested a design method of synchronous position controller for large size single rod hydraulic cylinder which is used in opening and closing of sluice gate for dam, and proved the validity of the suggested design method by AMEsim simulation and performance test. And also, in the synchronous control, position control is also important when each cylinder is moved, but when the difference occurred by the fault or overload, difference control between the two cylinders is more important. In this emergency situation, that the sluice gate was normally controlled without the distortion within the target difference was verified through the performance test.


Mobile computing devices can offer older adults (ages 65+) support in their daily lives, but older adults often find such devices difficult to learn and use. One potential design approach to improve the learnability of mobile devices is a Multi-Layered (ML) interface, where novice users start with a reduced-functionality interface layer that only allows them to perform basic tasks, before progressing to a more complex interface layer when they are comfortable. We studied the effects of a ML interface on older adults' performance in learning tasks on a mobile device. We conducted a controlled experiment with 16 older (ages 65--81) and 16 younger participants (age 21--36), who performed tasks on either a 2-layer or a nonlayered (control) address book application, implemented on a commercial smart phone. We found that the ML interface's Reduced-Functionality layer, compared to the control's Full-Functionality layer, better helped users to master a set of basic tasks and to retain that ability 30 minutes later. When users transitioned from the Reduced-Functionality to the Full-Functionality interface layer, their performance on the previously learned tasks was negatively affected, but no negative impact was found on learning new, advanced tasks. Overall, the ML interface provided greater benefit for older participants than for younger participants in terms of task completion time during initial learning, perceived complexity, and preference. We discuss how the ML interface approach is suitable for improving the learnability of mobile applications, particularly for older adults.


Restraint theory was developed to evaluate both causes and consequences of attempts to restrict food intake for the purpose of weight maintenance. Research suggests that restraint has many negative consequences including lowered mood and overeating behaviour and that restrained eating is best characterized as an intention which is only occasionally realized. The present paper reviews the restraint literature and examines the implications of restraint theory for obesity treatment. It assesses the role of restraint in both traditional and contemporary behavioural treatment packages for obesity and concludes that if restraint is detrimental to both the physical and psychological health of the normal weight individual, it should not be recommended as a solution to the physical and psychological problems of the obese.


The present invention proposes a connector for coupling a coaxial cable to the stripline. The connector comprises a first plate central conductor of the coaxial cable is positioned over the conductor of the strip line to be soldered. The first plate has a first solder portion braid of the coaxial cable is soldered, it is formed adjacent to the first solder portion, the heat propagation of the solder points of the braid of the first solder portion and coaxial cable the preventing, formed to a configured opening to expose the solder points of the center conductor of the conductor and the coaxial cable of the strip line, the largest dimension of the opening is smaller than 5% of the wavelength of the maximum frequency It is.


The beautifying and brain-nourishing device includes steam humidifier, massage facial mask and massage comb. The facial mask is provided with one steam inlet hole in the position corresponding to mandible, steam homogenizing baffle inside the inlet hole and steam pipe connected between the steam inlet hole and the steam humidifier. There are one comb set behind the facial mask and electromagnet machine in the neck of the facial mask. The present invention has simple operation and can complete health care of skin in face and neck, brain and hair through promoting blood circulation, supplying skin and brain cell with essential water and nutrients.


Virginia Woolf: A Musical Life. Emilie Crapoulet. Bloomsbury Heritage Series 50. (London: Cecil Woolf, 2009) 36pp. Beyond the Icon: Virginia Woolf in Contemporary Fiction. Alice Lowe. Bloomsbury Heritage Series 58. (London: Cecil Woolf, 2010) 32pp. Desmond and Molly MacCarthy: Bloomsberries. Todd Avery. Bloomsbury Heritage Series 59. (London: Cecil Woolf, 2010) 32pp. Virginia Woolf and the Thirties Poets. Emily Kopley. Bloomsbury Heritage Series 60. (London: Cecil Woolf, 2011) 76pp. How Vita Matters. Mary Ann Caws. Bloomsbury Heritage Series 61. (London: Cecil Woolf, 2011) 24pp. The Bloomsbury Heritage Series, published by Cecil Woolf Publishers and available by request to the publisher, is the project of Cecil Woolf (Leonard Woolf's nephew) and his wife, Jean Moorcroft Wilson, who serves as general editor of the series. The stated goal of the series, subtitled "The Life, Works, and Times of the Bloomsbury Group," is to "provide concise, original, and authoritative introductions to a wide range of approaches to the Bloomsbury group." Purporting to be written for an audience ranging from general readers to academics, Bloomsbury Heritage offers sixty-two volumes as of the latest catalog, which was distributed in June 2011. Though the series offers a wide range of perspectives on and contexts for the members of Bloomsbury and their descendants, its monographs are introduced in conjunction with the Annual Conference on Virginia Woolf, thus the centrality of Woolf to Bloomsbury is often invoked within these pamphlets as a way of justifying the relationship of a more obscure artist or text to the Bloomsbury group. The five monographs that are the subject of this review represent a wide range of approaches, and provide a striking example of the inconsistent offerings of a series striving to be accessible to all types of readership. While monographs such as Todd Avery's and Emily Kopley's studies of figures and texts represent a more traditionally academic end of the spectrum, some of these booklets seem to have grown out of--and enjoy an ongoing lifespan as--entries on the Blogging Woof website (bloggingwoolf.wordpress.com), which is comprised of blog entries by a group of writers who maintain an exhaustive catalog of Woolf "sightings" in contemporary media, news, and events, and post elsewhere on the web under the collective title, "Woolfwriter." Thus, a particular author's "expertise" seems often to refer to a particular author's "Woolfophilia," as opposed to a more rigorous standard of research-based expertise, since the authors of the Bloomsbury Heritage series titles range from freelance writers to musicians to academics. That being said, the fact that this series is a generic anomaly within the arena of academic journals is also what marks it as a refreshing and enthusiastic contributor to a wide range of fields, including but not limited to Woolf studies and modernism. Emilie Crapoulet's Virginia Woolf: A Musical Life takes as its starting point the fact that biographical studies of Woolf frequently overlook the influence of music on both her life and writing. Though Crapoulet writes that her perspective is "deliberately biographical," she hedges when establishing whether Woolf has "technical" knowledge of music or not. This biographical focus quickly becomes conflated with technique in her readings of Woolf's fiction, and it is not clear what she hopes to accomplish by invoking this debate about Woolf's musical proficiency, particularly in terms of interpreting Woolf's novels (4). Crapoulet's central argument that Woolf looked to music for inspiration "as she sought to transcend the boundaries of her own art" is an important one, and one that could (and should) be extended to other modernist authors (3). There is more to be said, for instance, about Huxley's concept of the "musicalization of fiction" as it applies to Woolf's novels. Instead, Crapoulet moves quickly through a lengthy list of examples of music and musicians in Woolf's writing, including her diaries, letters, and novels. …


Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) and their glycerides are important bioactive compounds that are found in fish oils and some vegetable oils. They are involved in human health, especially on brain and cardio-vascular diseases. The main disadvantages of these compounds are related to the low oxidative and thermal stability as well as very low water solubility. Natural cyclodextrins (α-, βand γ-CD) can be appropriate matrices for enhancing their stability and apparent water solubility. In the present study the molecular modeling and conformational analysis on free omega-3 FAs (e.g. αlinolenic, all-(Z) eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic, and all-(Z) docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acids) and their mono-, diand triglycerides have been performed using molecular mechanics (MM+) method in vacuum. The minimum energy conformations were used for docking in α-, βand γ-CD at 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 molecular ratios. The best FAs (or their glyceride) / CDs interactions were obtained for the hydrophobic moiety of the FA (or glyceride) with the inner cavity of the CD. Furthermore, βand γ-CD are more appropriate to molecular encapsulate omega-3 FAs and their glycerides, taking into account the steric hindrance and lower flexibility of these omega-3-containing biologically active compounds.


The grand rhetoric about "global communications" begins to look a little flimsy when compared to the real facts about international telephone calling. It has not exploded in recent years, and it has not become truly global.


The Federal Court of Appeals denies a lawsuit by a plaintiff suing for compensation by the defendant physician who performed a tubal ligation on her in the course of a cesarean section for a 3rd child. Plaintiff claims she expressly refused proposed sterilization which was not medically indicated; she was not fully informed of the consequences and she now suffers from depression. Defendant claims plaintiff wanted the sterilization because she desired no further children. Grounds for denial by Court are the following: Plaintiff acts within the law when sterilization is performed on a 34-year old woman with 3 children when she has expressed the desire for such a procedure and has given her consent for the procedure. Court recognizes and guarantees personal freedom of choice in this; it is only illegal when it violates good practice. Voluntary sterilization does not violate moral code; it is a matter of free decision for or against parenthood by the individual and is no concern of society or of the physician performing the procedure. It does not violate moral value of marriage and family. Current legal opinion allows voluntary sterilization on persons over age 25 for any indication; on persons below that age for genetic, medicosocial or criminological indications, or when person already has 4 children. Consent of spouse is not needed; wish of person to be sterilized supercedes that of spouse. It is advisable that the physician consult with spouse which was done by defendant in case in question. No objections were put forward by plaintiff's spouse. Consent must be given to procedure with full knowledge of consequences by person upon whom procedure is performed. This consent need not be a written document. Oral consent is legally sufficient; it flows forth from the physician-patient relationship. Court does not recognize written proof of consent as having greater value than an oral understanding. In the case discussed physician acted within the law because patient was counseled, had given consent, and procedure was performed according to good medical practice.


Reversible watermarking techniques enable the extraction of the embedding bits from a watermarked image in a lossless way. It exploits the high spatial correlation among neighboring pixels. Application in reversible watermarking includes military and medical images. However, images occurs overflow or underflow problems during the imbedding process. Since pixels value may be out of range between [0:255]. Most methods require a location map to solve such problems. In this study, we propose a location map free reversible watermarking algorithm. First, a prediction threshold value is computed, histogram shifting scheme based on the prediction threshold value to solve overflow and underflow problems, second, another threshold value is adopted to achieve capacity control, image quality is better in different payload length with this control. The experimental results reveal that the performance of our proposed method outperforms that proposed by FUJIYOSHI et al. For example, with the same imbedding capacity, the PSNR of our scheme is higher than FUJIYOSHI et al. by 3 dB. Furthermore, our algorithm provides higher embedding capacity compared with FUJIYOSHI et al. Keywords—reversible watermarking; capacity control; predicted value; histogram shifting;


s of some recent publications With thanks to Sofie Debruyne for sending the following abstract [more information about this study is available at http://research.leidenuniv.nl/index.php3?c=413]:


This study was carried out at the Central Laborator y of Date Palm Research and Development from 2005 to 2006 In this study isozyme polymorphism was used as a biochemical marker to distinguish drought tolerance of in vitro embryogenic callus and plantlets Sakkoti, Zaghloul and Sewy date palm cultivars Esterase band ing patterns of three cultivars for embryonic callus and plantlets under 2.4 % PEG showed that ba nd no.4 is a specific for Sakkoti cultivar embryonic callus . This means that this band might be expressed as a negative marker for this cultivar. Peroxidase banding patterns of the three cultivars embryonic callus and plantlets under 2.4% PEG showed that bands no.1 and no.4 negative m arkers for Zaghloul cultivar embryonic callus and plantlets and one specific marker was cl ear for Sakkoti cultivar at band no.2; this band could be considered as a specific marker for Sakkot i cultivar embryonic callus and plantlets Peroxidase banding patterns of the three cultivars embryonic callus and plantlets under 5% PEG showed that band no.4 was specific for Sewy plantle ts This means that this band might be expressed regardless of the other cultivars as a positive mar ker for Sewy plantlets under 5% PEG in vitro.


Objective To investigate the value of plasma level determination of EB virus (EBV) DNA for diagnosis making and prognosis estimating among cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).Methods Included in this study were 100 cases with untreated NPC,106 NPC cases following radiotherapy,finally diagnosed in our Hospital from Mar,2002 to Jun,2003, and 40 healthy persons as control.Their plasma samples were collected respectively and the plasma levels of EBV DNA were determined by real-time PCR techniques among them.Then,a comparative analysis was made to see the differences of EBV DNA copies and their clinical implications among healthy controls,unreated NPC cases,NPC cases with distal metastasis after radiation,ones with locally reoccurring NPC following radiotherapy,and ones still with nasopharyngeal lesion remission after treatment.Results The positive rates of plasma EBV DNA determination were 97.0%(97/100),96.5%(27/28)and 100.0%(18/18)for untreated NPC cases,NPC cases with distal metastasis after radiation,and ones with locally reoccurring NPC following radiotherapy,with significantly higher rates than the positive rate of 7.5% (3/40)among healthy controls,that of 10.0%(6/60)among cases still with nasopharyngeal lesion remission after treatment,and that of the cases with other kinds of tumors(P0.001).As a diagnos-tic test,plasma EBV DNA determination held a sensitivity of 97.0% and a specificity of 92.0% for the diagnosis of untreated NPC cases. Furthermore,another 3 cases were confirmed at last with the nasopharyngeal focus reoccurred or being distal metastatic during the following up period lasted for 6 months,while they were all seen still with nasopharyngeal lesion remission after treatment but with elevated plasma level of EBV DNA at the time point of trial starting.Conclusion Plasma level determinattion of EBV DNA is a sensitive and reliable test for diagnosing of untreated NPC cases,monitoring of such a case following therapy,and estimating of prognosis of cases with NPC.


Some factors of environment and user behavior always dominate the captured video quality (i.e. brightness variation). The full search method cannot give better PSNR for brightness affected video. The brightness correction method improves the PSNR (i.e. quality) of brightness affected video. Architecture design of brightness correction method is proposed in this paper. This hybrid and pipelined architecture is fast and real time implementable.


The archives of the Croatian Music Institute (CMI) in Zagreb hold the biggest collection of concert programmes in Croatia, numbering some 9000 items. For the purposes of this paper, about 580 programmes and 38 posters have been analyzed, dating from the period between 1852 (the oldest programme with the name of the printer) and 1918. Programmes have been sampled from the following collections: the CMI collection of concert programmes, the Croatian Singing Society "Kolo", Milan Stahuljak (a composer), and the private collections of music lovers Ladislav Mihalovic, Marta Sipus and Branka Lunacek. There are 404 programmes containing the information about the printer. Results show that 23 printers in Zagreb have been identified (major printers include Ljudevit Gaj, Dragutin Albrecht, Ignjat Granitz and Franjo Bogovic), and 18 printers across 12 other cities in Croatia. Some printers cooperated with the music societies over a longer period of time, or even held permanent membership. Programmes had been printed in bigger editions than is the case today, with a number of stores taking part in announcing concerts, distributing programmes and selling tickets. Along with the basic information about the concert, programmes from the period around 1900 begin to include texts with biographic information about the performers, the compositions, translations of songs, instructions for the audience, advertisements etc. Regarding typographic design, programmes had various types of letters and ornaments, using colours, and by the end of the 19th century also photographs. Distinguished Croatian artists have contributed to the design of some concert programmes and posters.


Barrett's esohageal adenocarcinoma(BEA) originated from Long-segment Barrett's esophagus(LSBE) were found to be larger lesions than BEA from Short-segment Barrett's esophagus(SSBE). In Japan, superficial BEA were found and treated by ESD. However, most of superficial BEA in Japan are originated from SSBE. We investigated about the differences between BEA from SSBE and LSBE.

 We examined macroscopic appearance and histology for superficial BEA. And we compared with BEA between SSBE and LSBE.And then we examined imminohistochemical study using p53 for operated specimens of superficial BEA.

 The multiple lesions were presented only LSBE cases. Operations were the far more common treatment for LSBE. The ratio of lesions involving more than one-half of the lumen was significantly larger in LSBE cases. The percentage of type 0-IIb was only 3.2%(3/95) for SSBE, whereas 32.6%(15/46) for LSBE (P < 0.05). When we placed each macroscopic type into one of two groups (Elevated and Flat or depressed type), we found that elevated types accounted for 63.2%(60/95) in SSBE cases. In LSBE cases, 50.0%(23/46) were of the flat or depressed type. In SSBE, simple macroscopic types accounted for 69.5%(66/95). Whereas, in LSBE cases, 50.0%(23/46) were of complex macroscopic types (P < 0.05). The lesions with accompanied type 0- IIb accounted for 2.1%(2/95) of SSBE and 21.7%(10/46) of LSBE(P < 0.05). The more common macroscopic type of T1b invasion was type 0- IIa +  IIc. p53 immunohistochemical study was done for an operated specimen. This case was operated for superficial BEA. p53 was strongly positive on adenocarcinoma. However, we could find p53 strongly positive part on other part of the specimens. There were three part of p53 positive are in this operated specimens. These parts were not defined adenocarcinoma by HE stained.

 Most superficial BEA originated from SSBE could be distinguished by the elevated lesions. Whereas, in cases of LSBE, flat type lesions including the accompanied type 0- IIb and multiple lesions, operation cases, the ratios of lesions involving a large range and the complex macroscopic types were significantly higher. When we diagnose and treat superficial BEA, it is necessary to consider the differences between SSBE and LSBE, such as macroscopic types.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The presence of numerous bodies placed in sediments of the Roca Formation -in the Cerros Bayos area, Puelen Departament, La Pampa province, Argentine Republic, are reported in this paper for the first time. The cited bodies are classified as mixed skeletal oyster bioherms and are the result of calcium carbonate deposition via oysters and other invertebrates debris within sediments of different nature. Paleoecological and paleoenvironmetal conclusions regarding water temperature, circulation, salinity and depth, as well as topography of the sea botton are given. On the basis of ·microfossil content, it is pointed out that the age of the Roca Formation in Cerros Bayos is regarded as Early Tertiary (Danian)


The timing of active‐phase East Asian summer monsoon (Meiyu) undergoes a marked shift since 1979. Diagnostic analysis indicates that active convection over Taiwan has occurred later in the season, from late May to early June, with a tendency of increasingly intense rainfall. This timing shift of convection results from a southward migration of Meiyu rainband, driven by an upper‐level cyclonic anomaly over eastern China and a lower‐level anticyclonic anomaly in the subtropical Western Pacific. Together, these two circulation patterns enhance both the moisture transport and baroclinic forcing. The role of Western Pacific warming and anthropogenic greenhouse gases in these changes is suggested.


Atomic force microscopic observations of plasma polymerized thin films of the three monomers, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane, and pyrrole, were made. The polymerization processes under fixed plasma conditions were followed with the reaction time. The differece of the polymerization rate between these monomers was clearly obtained by AFM observation.


Applying the infinite momentum frame technique, we solve the charge zero sector of the SU(N) massive Gross-Neveu model. For positive charge conjugation state (C=1), the boson spectrum at large N limit is equivalent to the result obtained from light cone approach with mean field approximations. The bound state energy behaves similar to that of semiclassical calculation and the leading term appears at 1/N' order. Also, there is a negative charge conjugation state (C=-1). This spectrum is found to be identical to that of the U(1) massive Thirring model for any value of N. Further, we find a phase transition at some critical coupling for N=O case, which may correspond to that of the random bond Ising model.


Air-blast atomizers are widely used in passenger aircraft engines. In these atomizers, high-speed airflow is used for improved fuel atomization, and as a result, better combustion. The key purpose of this research is to investigate the duplex air-blast atomizers according to the engine data in the real operational conditions with the help of experimental method and numerical solution. When analyzing the variations in fuel sprays under different application conditions, it is important to consider not just one but multiple parameters such as fuel mass rate, air mass rate, and combustion chamber pressure. However, analyzing the individual effects of these parameters can be challenging as they change simultaneously. To address this, a dimensionless number namely K was defined, which takes into account the combined effect of fuel mass rate, air mass rate, and combustion chamber pressure. The results showed that when K decreased by 31.25%, the spray angle of nozzle 1 and nozzle 2 increased by 10.09% and 48.15%, respectively, while the average droplet diameter caused by primary breakup for nozzle 1 and nozzle 2 decreased by 76.29% and 71.57%, respectively. The secondary breakup was somewhat similar, and for nozzle 1 and nozzle 2, the average droplet diameter decreased by 76.5% and 71.88%, respectively. It is worth noting that the average error for spray cone angle in the simulation compared to the experimental results was 6.47%. The results of this research, in addition to causing a better understanding of the atomization processes in air-blast atomizers, can be useful for aerospace engineers.


Pancreatic acinar cells are known to synthesise chemokines, which play critical roles in acute pancreatitis. We have previously investigated the ability of substance P (SP) to produce chemokines MCP‐1, MIP‐1α and MIP‐2 in pancreatic acinar cells, however the exact mechanism by which SP stimulates the synthesis of these pro‐inflammatory mediators remain undetermined. The aim of the current study is to look into the participation of protein kinase C (PKC) in SP‐induced chemokine production in an in vitro model of isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Our results show that SP, interacting with neurokinin 1 receptor (NKIR), stimulated phosphorylation of the PKC isoform PKCδ in pancreatic acinar cells. This was followed by an increased activation in MAPKK kinase MEKK1, MAP kinases ERK and JNK as well as transcription factors, NFκB and AP‐1, driven chemokine production. Inhibition of PKCδ with the specific PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin, dose dependently decreased SP‐ NK1R induced PKCδ, MEKK1, ERK, JNK, NFκB and AP‐1 activation. Moreover, rottlerin significantly inhibited SP‐NK1R induced secretion of MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, and MIP‐2 in a concentration dependent manner in pancreatic acinar cells. The present study demonstrates the role of PKCδ in SP‐induced chemokine production in pancreatic acinar cells and hence PKCδ may be critically involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.


Abstract : Most military adversaries of the United States prefer operating from what are known as Hard and Deeply Buried Target (HDBT). HDBTs such as cave or bunkers offer protection and concealment from attack and surveillance. In order to pursue and protect national security objectives and interests, it is desirable for the United States military to gather information about operations within these HDBTs and have the possibility to functionally defeat one or more of their capabilities.


Rigorous analysis of plate modes propagating in LiTaO3 plates was performed using the numerical technique SDA-FEM-SDA. The characteristics of zero- and first-order plate modes were calculated in rotated YX cuts of LT as functions of cut angle and plate thickness. Orientations providing high electromechanical coupling (up to 19%), zero TCF at resonance and high velocities (up to 19,000 m/s) were found and investigated. The wave motions following the propagation of some modes are visualized. The possibility of enhancement of some modes by deposition of metal film on the plate bottom surface and the sensitivity of higher-order modes to variation of plate thickness are discussed.


Objective To investigate different pulsed ultrasound (PUS) parameters and culture conditionsthat would affect cell viability and sonoporation on cell membrane of human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). MethodsHeLa cells were cultured in two different conditions ( in suspension or in monolayer). Cells were exposed to differentPUS intensity (0.4 W/cm2, 1.0 W/cm2, 1.6 W/cm2, 2.2 W/cm2), duty cycle (10%, 20%, 50%) and expo-sure time ( 1 min or 3 min). Cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry. Using microscope and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) , the changes of shape and the sonoporation on cell membrane induced by PUS were observed.Results Low intensity and duty cycle did not exert a great impact on the cell viability. Cell injury was found to in-crease progressively with high intensity ( 1.6 W/cm2 , 2.2 W/cm2 ) and duty cycle ( 50% ) ( P < 0. 01 ) , and celldetachment was significantly accompanied by PUS exposure in adherent HeLa cells. Results of factorial design showedthat the culture conditions and the PUS parameters had significant interaction ( P < 0.01 ). SEM demonstrated insome detail the phenomenon of transient pores in the cell membrane under suitable PUS irradiation. The ideal sonopo-ration conditions that cell viability was above 80% and more membrane holes were noted to be at 1.0 W/cm2 expo-sure for 3 min with a duty cycle of 20% in cell suspension. Conclusion The optimized conditions of the PUS pa-rameters and the culture conditions could lower the cell injury and exert a great impact on the sonoporation. It couldproduce remarkable membrane pores on cells and enhance cell membrane permeability, which facilitate transportationof macromolecules into cells.

Key words:
Pulsed ultrasound;  Sonoporation ;  Cavitation ;  Cell membrane;  Cell viability