The triple-oxygen isotope composition ( 17 O/ 16 O and 18 O/ 16 O; reported as δ 18 O and ∆ ' 17 O) of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals (e.g., gypsum, anhydrite, barite) is becoming a widely applied method to track sulfur-and oxygen-cycle processes in modern systems and in the geologic past. Of particular interest is the idea that sulfate-bearing mineral ∆ ' 17 O values constitute a powerful proxy for past atmospheric compositions (i.e., pO 2 /pCO 2 ratios) and biospheric vigor (gross primary production), since some fraction of oxygen atoms is thought to be directly incorporated from O 2 during the oxidation of sulfide minerals (e.g., pyrite) to sulfate. This interpretation is supported by the observation that sulfate ∆ ' 17 O values are lower than those of concomitant water in some modern environments, possibly reflecting incorporation of atmospheric O 2 that carries a negative mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signature. However, the role of sulfoxyanion intermediates such as sulfite and thiosulfate—which are known to exhibit rapid oxygen isotope exchange with water—in setting sulfate ∆ ' 17 O values has not yet been assessed. Here, we calculate the equilibrium isotope fractionation effects between water and the major sulfoxyanion intermediates using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory scaled to CCSD/aug-cc-pVTZ and including anharmonic zero-point energy effects. Because experimental 17 O fractionation data are not available, we validate these results by comparing to new and previously reported experimental sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate equilibrium 18 O fractionations. Theoretical predictions generally agree with experimental results to within 1‰, indicating the robustness of our approach. Our DFT results predict


In mean-payoff games, the objective of the protagonist is to ensure that the limit average of an infinite sequence of numeric weights is nonnegative. In energy games, the objective is to ensure that the running sum of weights is always nonnegative. Generalized mean-payoff and energy games replace individual weights by tuples, and the limit average (resp. running sum) of each coordinate must be (resp. remain) nonnegative. These games have applications in the synthesis of resource-bounded processes with multiple resources.

We prove the finite-memory determinacy of generalized energy games and show the inter-reducibility of generalized mean-payoff and energy games for finite-memory strategies. We also improve the computational complexity for solving both classes of games with finite-memory strategies: while the previously best known upper bound was EXPSPACE, and no lower bound was known, we give an optimal coNP-complete bound. For memoryless strategies, we show that the problem of deciding
the existence of a winning strategy for the protagonist is NP-complete.


Scholars have made much effort on the study of the chemical composition,pharmacological action and clinical application of Hedyotis diffusa Wilid.This paper tries to make a summerize of the Hedyotis diffusa Wilid's chemical composition,in order to make references for futher research on Hedyotis diffusa Wilid.


This paper describes the thermally activated failure mechanisms of GaN light-emitting diode (LED)-test structures related with the presence of a hydrogen-rich SiN passivation layer. It is shown that the properties of the passivation layer can remarkably affect devices' stability during high-temperature stress: Degradation mechanisms identified consist of radiative efficiency loss, emission crowding, and forward-current decrease. The radiative efficiency degradation was found to be thermally activated, with activation energy equal to 1.3 eV. This failure mechanism of LEDs is attributed to the thermally activated indiffusion of hydrogen from the passivation layer to p-type region of the diodes, with subsequent p-doping compensation and/or worsening of the transport properties of the p-side ohmic contact and p-type semiconductor


As the copyright for apps in smartphones is not protected properly, a number of illegally-copied apps are widely used. This gives rises to the degradation of the app market's transparency and reliability. In this paper, we propose a method detecting illegally-copied apps on the Android devices in order to solve the aforementioned problem. The illegally-copied app detector allows the user not to know whether it is running and offers a concealment function, which the user can't access or remove forcibly from outside. In addition, the proposed detector uses signature-based forensic marking techniques, which determines whether the app is illegally copied or not. The illegally-copied app detector can effectively prevent the use of the illegally-copied app installed or stored in internal/external memory on Android Devices.


The Tarim block, one of the largest cratons in China, records an important part of the Proterozoic crustal evolution of the Earth. Many previous studies have focused on the Neoproterozoic magmatism and tectonic evolution of this block in relation to the break-up of Rodinia, although relatively little is known about its earlier tectono-magmatic history. In this article, we present detailed petrographic, geochronologic, whole-rock geochemical, and in situ zircon Hf isotope data for the pre-Neoproterozoic Xishankou granitoid pluton (XBP), one of several blue quartz-bearing granitoid intrusions well exposed in the Quruqtagh area, and discuss these intrusions in terms of their tectonic environment. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that gneissic quartz diorite and granodiorite of the XBP crystallized at 1934 ± 13 and 1944 ± 19 Ma, respectively. Both underwent metamorphism essentially coeval with emplacement, a time that is compatible with the globally distributed 2.1–1.8 Ga crustal amalgamation during formation of the supercontinent Columbia. Petrographic and geochemical evidence suggest that the XBP is a continental-arc-type granite and may have been generated by the partial melting of Archaean thickened lower crust; this would suggest that the northern Tarim block was a continental-type arc at ca. 1940 Ma. Our new data, together with previous regional geological studies, indicate that a series of Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 2.0–1.8 Ga) tectono-magmatic events occurred in the northern Tarim attending the assembly of Columbia.


The aim of this research study is to analyze the effects of yoga education on the cognitive functions in early childhood. This study is a semi-experimental study with Pretest Posttest Control Group Experimental Design. The research sample comprises 28 children between the ages of 4-5 years, 10 in the experimental and 18 in the control group, who are currently enrolled in separate preschool programs in the city of Izmir. "Application of Cognitive Functions Scale (ACFS)" and "Personal Information Form" were used in the research in order to identify the children's cognitive functions. In the study, children in the experimental group were provided with 1 hour a week of yoga education given by a certified, expert yoga instructor for 12 weeks, while the control group children were left without intervention. Mann Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used for data analysis. The research findings showed that the experimental group's total ACFS scores and average posttest scores for the Tasks Section Subscales were significantly higher than their average total pretest scores. No significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest score averages of the control group. A comparison of the total posttest scores of experimental and control groups showed no statistically significant differentiation in the subscales of short term auditory memory, perspective-taking, and verbal planning; while the differentiation was statistically significant between the subscales of classification, sequential short term auditory memory, short term visual memory, and pattern completion, as well as the total ACFS posttest scores. The research findings are discussed in relation to the literature.


Agricultural productivity in Sudan is historically known to be low, particularly in the traditional sector. Trueblood and Coggins (2001) stated that, Sudan's decrease in agricultural productivity during the period (1961-1991) was due to decreases in both efficiency and technology adoption. Similar studies focusing on Sudan ascribe the low productivity to technology, unskilled labour and less input use. Accordingly this study assesses the impact of improving skills of labour and increasing the capital allocated to the traditional agriculture. This is justified by the increasing allocation of Arab capital to the Sudanese agricultural sector. The paper employs the Global Trade Analysis project's (GTAP) global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, and its Africa database as an underlying methodology with 12 sectors and 11 regions. Results show that, GDP, welfare, private income and consumption in Sudan will improve because of efficiency improvements. Moreover, output, trade balance, domestic demand, and exports of cereals and oilseed would apparently improve while their imports and domestic import demand will decline. Importantly, welfare levels and domestic imports demand of these sectors would also increase in both MENA and Egypt.


Fog networks with energy harvesting can extend the scope of services for users in time and space remarkably. However, the imbalance of the harvested renewable energy and the workloads of fog nodes (FNs) limits the performance of the whole fog computing system. This paper investigates on resource allocation in energy cooperation enabled fog computing networks, where FNs are connected with a smart grid and energy can be transferred between FNs. Firstly, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the service latency of the fog computing system and is proved to be convex. After that, a cooperative graph-based distributed resource allocation (CGDRA) algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem by a distributed method. In our proposed CGDRA algorithm, an energy cooperative graph is constructed at first, then the FNs cooperate with their neighbors in energy by exchanging messages. Simulation results show that the CGDRA algorithm can balance the energy utilization ratios of different FNs and service latency of the fog network is reduced significantly. Moreover, the results obtained by our proposed CGDRA algorithm can approximate to the global optimal solutions with lower complexity compared with traditional centralized algorithm.


Aiming to compare the execution time, linear and angular speeds, ground reaction force (GRF) and electromyographic (EMG) parameters between taekwondo athletes of two different standards, 8 elite and 8 subelite black belt taekwondo athletes performed eighteen round house kicks, in two randomized height (Head and Chest), with their dominant lower limb, combining maximum impact and speed, in a selective reaction time design. Kinematic were recorded through 3D kinemetry. Timing parameters and EMG cocontraction index were significantly lower in elite group, while peak of linear (toe and knee), angular speeds (knee and hip), and GRF were significantly higher in elite group. We conclude that reaction time, duration and velocity of kick and cocontraction could be useful in selecting top level taekwondo athletes and monitoring their training status.


Experiments have been performed on probing compositions in multilayer structures from the relative contributions from the albedo components to the scattered radiation energy distribution. The authors consider cases of models in the form of three-layer discs of diameter 600 mm made of glass-fiber materials, aluminum, steel, and lead having monotone or discrete changes in the z of the layers. It is possible to perform monitoring on multilayer structures using continuous spectra and to improve the data provided by backscattering to give adequate analysis of the composition at depth in layered objects, particularly by using calibration scatterers with known physical characteristics and computing methods of evaluating the spectral components.


The invention relates to a shiitake stock compost which is characterized in that corn kernels are used as main raw materials, and wood dust is used as an auxiliary material, wherein the water content of the corn kernels is 45-48%, and the water content of the wood dust is 62-63%. The invention also includes a preparation method of the compost. Compared with a wood dust compost, the compost provided by the invention has the following advantages: 1, the corn kernels are abundant in nutrition, hyphae can quickly grow, and the bottle filling time is shortened; 2, the corn kernel stock is uniform in granularity, the transplant rate (cultivated species) is high, and the strains germinate quickly and grow vigorously after transplant; and 3, the auxiliary material such as coarse and fine wood dust is added, so that the air permeability and water retention property of the compost are enhanced, thus preventing the corn kernels from age hardening and prolonging the storage life of the strains.


The embryos of a viviparous sea anemone, Actinia equina, take up glucose at the rate of 16.8 μg/g wet weight per hour and glycine at the rate of 8.2 μg/g wet weight per hour from the seawater. Autoradiographic studies showed that glucose was incorporated in both ectoderm and endoderm tissues whereas glycine was incorporated mostly in ectoderm tissues.


Green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) is one of the most important legume crops grown in Marathwada region. The seeds of green gram are found to be heavily infested with variety of fungi. These associated fungi are known to deteriorate the seeds and seed contents. The efficacy of aqueous extracts of some plants was tested against the growth of the fungi isolated from the seeds of green gram. Poisoned food technique was employed. The plant extracts were found to be inhibitory for the growth of the test fungi.


ABSTRACT Martin Buber's concern with true leadership is evident in his biblical studies, analysis of Jewish history, and his political stance. One aspect of that concern focused on what he called 'negative charisma.' This paper looks at that concept in the context of Max Weber's view of charisma, in Buber's view of Zion, and in his understanding of Judah Halevi's Kuzari. His view of a common charisma as a means of uniting Israelis and Palestinians may hold important clues for resolving the problems in the Middle East today.


Objective To investigate the characteristics of dyslipidemia and the effect of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism in hemodialysis patients. Methods Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C), apolipoproteins(Apo A1,B, E) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] were measured and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymophism (PCR RFLP) was used to detect ApoE gene polymorphism in hemodialysis patients. Results Serum levels of TG and ApoB were significantly higher in the hemodialysis patients than those in the controls, and the levels of TC, LDL C, HDL C were significantly lower comparing with those in the controls. Patients with cardiovascular disease had higher TG level than the patients having no such disease. The data of ApoE gene polymorphism detected by PCR RFLP showed that the numbers of six genotypes(e2/2,e2/3,e2/4,e3/3,e3/4,e4/4) were 3, 15, 0, 76, 9, 2 in the hemodialysis patients and 4, 45, 6, 235, 29, 5 in the controls. There were no statistical differences in Apo E allele or Apo E genotype between the controls and the hemodialysis patients. The levels of serum TC, TG and LDL C were higher in patients with genotype ApoE e3/4+e4/4 than those of the other patients. Conclusion Hemodialysis patients are liable to develop hypertrglyeridemia and hypocholesterolemia. TG level might be related to the development of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients, whereas the patients with the allele of ApoE e4 are liable to develop dyslipidemia.


VESPERS beamline is a hard X‐ray microprobe beamline at the Canadian Light Source (CLS). It is designed to measure material structure and composition using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Four widely differing bandwidths, ∼0.01%, ∼1.6%, ∼10%, and fully polychromatic beam, are selectable to simplify the Laue diffraction analysis and to optimize XRF excitation. Also, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can be employed using ∼0.01% bandwidth to provide chemical analytical information. Currently, the beamline is in its late commissioning phase. A number of test experiments have been performed to show the Laue XRD, XRF and XAS capabilities of the beamline. Beamline control and data acquisition software have been developed to include the essential functions for user operation. Full user operation starts in 2010.


The standard formulation of the upper bound theorem is incompatible with the Coulomb friction law. However, this law is widely used in metal forming processes analysis. An alternative formulation based on non-kinematically admissible velocity fields can evaluate the load required to deform the material. The present paper adopts this formulation for evaluating the compression force in solid and hollow cylinder compression processes. The trial velocity fields are continuous. The field for the solid cylinder involves no parameter for minimization, and the field for the hollow cylinder involves one parameter. Parametric analyses of the solutions are provided. The compression forces found are compared to available results at small friction coefficients. The solution is also in agreement with physical expectations. In particular, the solution for the hollow cylinder compression predicts that the radial velocity is everywhere positive in the friction coefficient is small enough. For larger friction coefficients, the radius where the radial velocity vanishes propagates from the inner radius as the friction coefficient increases. The final result can be used in conjunction with standard procedures for evaluating the friction coefficient.


In recent years, the use of high brightness LEDs has become increasingly accepted as light sources in mainstream vehicles. However, they are semiconductor devices and their electrical characteristics are completely different to the traditional lamps. The output luminous flux of an LED is determined by the forward current running through it. Hence they cannot be powered directly from the automotive battery using the conventional driving techniques. They require specialised driving circuits which can respond to the changing needs of the LEDs as their electrical properties change, while maintaining the uniform brightness.  This paper discusses the importance of dimming for LED based automotive lighting applications. A boost type DC-DC switching converter with pulse width modulated (PWM) dimming control has been proposed. MATLAB/Simulink simulation package has been used to verify the theoretical predictions hence to provide a useful guide for design engineers and researchers.


This study was undertaken to demonstrate capabilities of the pin-by-pin model used by the BARS code and to understand various effects of intra-assembly pin-by-pin representation of fuel power, bumup and temperature in calculational analysis of light water reactor rod ejection accidents (LWR REAs). Effects of pin-by-pin fuel power and bumup representation were investigated on the basis of calculations for the peripheral control rod ejection in VVER-1000 of the South Ukrainian NPP Unit 1. Comparative analysis of the REA in pressurized water reactor (PWR) of Three Mile Island Unit 1 using the BARS code with the diffusion nodal codes PARCS and CRONOS2 was done. The important differences in obtained results and effects of pin-by-pin fuel temperature representation are discussed in the report.


Mobility management is a crucial problem for wireless mobile communication, especially in industrial wireless sensor networks. Our mobility approach resides on the fact we need to adaptively combine globally available information in order to produce a successful handoff. In this paper, we propose an adaptive fuzzy logic mobility system to support the handoff procedure in industrial wireless sensors. The results clearly show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy logic mobility controller performs better compared to the non-adaptive fuzzy logic controller, in terms of packet loss, power consumption, and on-time triggering.


The appearance of bread, such as colour and visual texture are important to the consumer when purchasing bread. The perceived colour of bread is a function of its solid-phase crumb, air-phase and viewing conditions, varying with age and ambient lighting. Visual texture aspects include the alignment of fibres with respect to the axis of view and the distribution of small fat regions in both phases. Texture analysis on bread on the other hand is somewhat more subtle. A close inspection of bread stuff reveals that the bread-crumb texture comprises two phases of material; the solid-phase crumbs appear connected, while the air-phase crumbs are scattered randomly at isolated regions. In general, the thickness of the cell walls affects grain quality greatly. Thin cell walls are more prevalent in fine textured crumbs, and thick cell walls are generally found in coarse crumbs. It can also be seen from these figures that the distribution of phases within the crumb structure may be irregular, but the volume fraction properties are statistically and essentially homogeneous. Thus the overall textural properties of the bread crumb can be studied from images taken from different regions of a whole bread-crumb specimen. In the proposed work, a 2-D Haar transform together with canonical discriminant analysis is used for texture analysis in bread stuff in bakery industries.


Integral imaging is an auto-stereoscopic 3D technique presenting remarkable advantages over classical stereo. In this paper we propose a new computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) technique based on Parallel-Group Projection (PGP) method to improve the performance of CIIR. Different from previous CIIR techniques which project each point of integral image (II) to the reconstructed plane pixel by pixel, the proposed method reconstruct the 3D image by mapping a series of sub image (SI) onto the reconstructed plane successively, where each SI records pixels from parallel light rays with identical viewing angle. According to experimental results, this approach is able to simplify the calculation of reconstruction process and improve the quality of reconstructed 3D image.


Summary form only given. In high power laser devices, one of the major concern deals with the damage threshold of the optical components. The laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the coatings is usually the limiting factor of such devices. The paper discusses the key points in the deposition process to achieve high performance components in term of LIDT.


The electron microprobe analysis of tinticite from the Suwa mine, Nagano Prefecture gave Fe2O3 50.49, P2O5 29.57, V2O5 0.60, SO3 0.38, yielding the empirical formula Fe3+5.95 (P3.92V0.06S0.04)Σ4.02O19 on the basis of O=19. The original formula Fe3+3(PO4)2 (OH)3 · 3.5H2O requires H2O 19.16, thus the sum being 100.20%. The X-ray powder pattern is indexed on an orthorhombic cell with a=20.85A, b=13.51A, c=15.82A, Z=16. The calculated density is 2.76 g/cm3, close to the original value, 2.8 g/cm3. The discrepancy to the monoclinic cell derived by Melgarejo et al. (1988) is accounted for. It occurs on thin coating or massive filling on void walls in rough goethite-jarosite ores that precipitated from a hydrothermal solution replacing andesitic volcanic and pyroclastic rocks. Tinticite is the later product than them. In weathered surface of the ore, masses of tinticite become partially loose or is veined by goethite due to loss of phosphorus.


Marine natural products constitute a huge reservoir of anticancer agents. Consequently during the past decades, several marine anticancer compounds have been isolated, identified, and approved for anticancer treatment or are under trials. In this article the sources, structure, bioactivities, mode of actions, and analogs of some promising marine and derived anticancer compounds have been discussed.


ABSTRACT Just as people require territory to live and to develop traditions, spirit beings require human minds that can represent them as real in order to exist and develop distinctive characteristics. Both human beings and spirit beings tend to gather in mutual support groups, bound by cultural compatibilities to secure their needs. Like human societies, culturally different spirit groups can come into conflict over the same resources. In central New Guinea in the 1970s, Telefolmin Baptist missionaries introduced the Christian triune god, angels, and devil to the neighbouring Asabano people. As converts accepted this exogenous group of spirit beings as real, the native sprites, object spirits, witches, dual souls, and culture heroes of the pre-Christian tradition were displaced, distorted, or destroyed. In this case, the competition between established and incoming spirit beings for the same minds produced outcomes for spirit beings that are reminiscent of what happens to human beings in colonialism, when indigenous peoples face powerful settlers who challenge their sovereignty.


Objective To observe the expression of growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF],stromal cell-derived factor-1 [SDF-1 ],basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF],insulin-like growth factor [IGF-1],transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β],platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF],brain derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF],glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF] and nerve growth factor [NGF]) in rat ischemic brain tissues after intravenous implantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and/or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods Healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:vehicle group,BMSCs transplantation group,EPCs transplantation group and BMSCs combined with EPCs transplantation group (n=20). The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO),and 24 h after that,they were intravenously transplanted with either 3×106 BMSCs,EPCs,BMSCs/EPCs or 1 mL physiological saline.Seven d after transplantation,real time-PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expressions of VEGF,SDF-1,bFGF,IGF-1,TGF-β,PDGF-BB,BDNF,GDNF and NGF. Results The mRNA expressions of bFGF,VEGF and BNDF in the BMSCs/EPCs transplantation group were significantly higher as compared with those in the other groups (P<0.05).BMSCs transplantation group enjoyed the highest mRNA levels of NGF,GDNF and TGF-β among all the groups, significantly higher as compared with those in the other groups (P<0.05),followed by BMSCs/EPCs transplantation group.EPCs transplantation group enjoyed the highest mRNA levels of PDGF,IGF-1 and SDF-1,significantly higher as compared with those in the other groups (P< 0.05), followed by BMSCs/EPCs transplantation group. Conclusion BMSCs combined with EPCs implantation can promote the functional rehabilitation in rats after focal cerebral ischemia, which provides new way for improving the transplantation success rate.

Key words:
Cerebral ischemia;  Bone marrow stromal cell;  Endothelial progenitor cell; Cell transplantation;  Cell factor


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether a mobile health application that employs elements of social game design could compliment medical care for unresolved concussion symptoms. Design: Phase I and Phase II (open-label, non-randomized, ecological momentary assessment methodology). Setting: Outpatient concussion clinic. Participants: Youth, aged 13–18 years, with concussion symptoms 3+ weeks after injury; Phase I: n = 20; Phase II: n = 19. Interventions: Participants received standard of care for concussion. The experimental group also used a mobile health application as a gamified symptoms journal. Outcome measures: Phase I: feasibility and satisfaction with intervention (7-point Likert scale, 1 high). Phase II: change in SCAT-3 concussion symptoms (primary), depression and optimism. Results: Phase 1: A plurality of participants completed the intervention (14 of 20) with high use (110 +/− 18% play) and satisfaction (median +/− interquartile range (IQR) = 2.0+/− 0.0). Phase II: Groups were equivalent on baseline symptoms, intervention duration, gender distribution, days since injury and medication prescription. Symptoms and optimism improved more for the experimental than for the active control cohort (U = 18.5, p = 0.028, effect size r = 0.50 and U = 18.5, p = 0.028, effect size r = 0.51, respectively). Conclusions: Mobile apps incorporating social game mechanics and a heroic narrative may promote health management among teenagers with unresolved concussion symptoms.


We propose a clustering method that involves chaining four known techniques into a pipeline yielding an algorithm with stronger recovery guarantees than any of the four components separately. Given $n$ points in $\mathbb R^d$, the first component of our pipeline, which we call leapfrog distances, is reminiscent of density-based clustering, yielding an $n\times n$ distance matrix. The leapfrog distances are then translated to new embeddings using multidimensional scaling and spectral methods, two other known techniques, yielding new embeddings of the $n$ points in $\mathbb R^{d'}$, where $d'$ satisfies $d'\ll d$ in general. Finally, sum-of-norms (SON) clustering is applied to the re-embedded points. Although the fourth step (SON clustering) can in principle be replaced by any other clustering method, our focus is on provable guarantees of recovery of underlying structure. Therefore, we establish that the re-embedding improves recovery SON clustering, since SON clustering is a well-studied method that already has provable guarantees.


Corruption propagates and spreads quickly during the period of social transformation. There are complex social historical reasons for the spread of corruption. Such factors as traditional culture, values, institution factor,interest structure and social distribution have something to do with the appearance of corruption. Corruption spoils politics development,economic prosperity and social stabilization. The essence of corruption is that public officers abuse public power. Thus, to punish corruption, it must be administered in the respects of power acquisition, power working procedure and power working result.


T HE war game was born in early 19 th century Prussia when Georg von Reisswitz proposed Kriegsspiel (game of war) as an officer training exercise [1, 2]. In the 1850s, Helmuth von Moltke became Chief of Staff of the Prussian Army and generalised Kriegsspiel as a tool to prepare for the wars to come. A century later, war games entered the hobby world [3] as conflict simulations with a tendency for increasing detail; war games are hence also known as consims. This tendency has led consim players to disparage more recent, lighter war games as 'games with a war theme' for their lack of detail. However, I feel that some have succeeded in abstracting the details to recreate the given conflicts in a more streamlined and elegant way. My definition of war game is thus broad: a game that strives to recreate a particular war, battle, or form of warfare. It ranges from the more traditional, highly detailed games that require many days to play, to the more modern, simpler and lighter ones.


Computer monitoring system used in Jinhua hydropower station at Shehong County is a multiwindow and multiuser interface system developed by Nanjing Automation Research Institute of SPC(Automation Control Company of Nanrui Group).The system is consisted of multiscreen,multiwindow,menu,key press ICON,mouse,typical keyboard,function keyboard with safety and reliability.The system was operated formally on December 31,1998 and since then,sensitive protection and acurate information is gained and optimizing economic benefits are obtained for the hydropower station.Meanwhile,high efficient,safe and economic operation of equipment at the hydropower station is ensured by using the computer monitoring system.


The effect of methods of fertilizer application and competition periods on N concentration and its uptake by Chenopodium album L. and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Experiment was laid out in split plot design keeping fertilizer application methods, sideplacement and broadcast incorporate in main plots and competition for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks after emergence and full season in sub-plots. Dry weight of C. album was significantly more in broadcast incorporate method of fertilizer application. There was linear increase in dry weight of C. album with increase in competititon period. N concentration and its uptake by C. album was more in broadc<;ist incorporate method than' side-placement. Whereas wheat showed high concentration and uptake of N in side placement. Grain yield decreased significantly beyond 3-4 weeks after emergence. INTRODUCTION Wheat usually suffers from moisture and nutrients stress created by weeds through competition. In addition to crop management practices, the magnitude of stress depends lIpon types, density and infestation duration of weeds. When different types of weed grow together in wheat field the competitiveness of each weed species may be different from the situation when a particular weed grow individually. Fertilizer plays an important role in wheat-weed competition. Weeds whichare in close promixity of fertilizer, absorb nutrients faster and in relatively larger amounts 6an crops (Alkamper, 1976). Shahi (1978) reported that c:. album L. contained fairly high concentrations of N than wheat. Pandey and Singh (1983) reported that weeds when allowed to compete with wheat up to harvest depleted 9 .6 kg N ha·1 . Gill and Blacklow (1984) found that concentration of N in wheat shoots was reduced from 4.05 in weed free wheat to 3.15% in wheat infested with B. diandrusfor 71 days at a density of 400 plants m 2 . Kundra dnd Singh (1985) observed a loss of 27.4 and 21.3 kg N hal in 1980-81 and 1981-82, respectively on account of unchecked growth of weeds. Maximum uptake of N by wheat was 137.9 kg ha'! and 144.9 kg ha·l in 1980-81 and 1981-82, respectively when weeds were controlled by metoxuron 1.6 kgha·l. Several reports are available on competition of mixed weed flora in wheat but the literature available on competition of wheat with particular weed in respect of fertilizer application method is not much extensive. Therefore an experiment was cqnducted on these aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS A field study of wheat C. album competition under different fertilizer applic::tion methods and weed competition periods was laid out using a split plot design with four replications. Competition periods, No competition, competition for 3 weeks after emergence (WAE), 4 WAE, 5 WAE, 6 WAE, 7 WAE, 8 WAE full season were randomized in subplots. Fertilizer application methods, side-placement and broadcast incorporated were randomized in main plots. Each subplot measured 7.5 x 1.5 m. Wheat variety Pasban-90 was sown in rows 25 cm ap3rt at 4 cm depth on 8th November in 1992/93 and 2nd December in 1993/94 using a seed rate of 100 kg ha·l. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus Vol. 35, No.4, 2001 233 (P) were applied at the rate of 115-115 kg ha·1 in the form of urea and single super phosphate, respectively. Soil was of sandy loam type. Total N in soil was 0.045 and 0.038% in 1992-93 and 1993-94, respectively. Experimental area was selected keeping in view the field history to ensure the availability of C album in dense population. In side placement half of N and whole of P fertilizer was applied by hand drill about 5 em away from seed row at the time of sowing of wheat. In second method whole of P and half of N fertilizer was broadcast and incorporated into the soil just before sowing. Remaining half of N in both methods was broadcasted ir standing crop before first irrigation. After prescribed compet"tion period each plot except full season competition was kept free of weeds by hoeing, throughout the growing season. Four irrigations, each of 7.5 em depth were applied to the crop dUring the growing season. At the end of each competition period, samples of C. album L. and wheat were taken from one square meter and 0.25 m area, respectively. Then the samples were oven dried and N concentration was determined as suggested by Williams (1984). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Dry weight of weeds: The treatment where fertilizer was boadcast and then incorporated produced significantly higher dry weight of C. album in both the years (Table 1),. Maximum dry weight of C. album was recorded in full season competition followed by 8 weeks competition during both the years. Table 1. Effe<;t of fertilizer application method and competition period on dry weight of C. album. (ko ha· l )


Young people in many countries report gender differences in giving and receiving oral sex, yet examination of young people's own perspectives on gender dynamics in oral heterosex are relatively rare. We explored the constructs and discourses 16- to 18-year-old men and women in England used in their accounts of oral sex during in-depth interviews. Two contrasting constructs were in circulation in the accounts: on one hand, oral sex on men and women was narrated as equivalent, while on the other, oral sex on women was seen as "a bigger deal" than oral sex on men. Young men and women used a "give and take" discourse, which constructed the mutual exchange of oral sex as "fair." Appeals to an ethic of reciprocity in oral sex enabled women to present themselves as demanding equality in their sexual interactions, and men as supporting mutuality. However, we show how these ostensibly positive discourses about equality also worked in narratives to obscure women's constrained agency and work with respect to giving oral sex.


The present technology generally includes a glass carrier and an at least partially transmissive layer having one or more inclined facets connected together by one or more draft facets on the surface of the glass support. The present invention relates to a method for making a lens including the same. The technology also relates to a system that includes the resulting lens and lens array. These methods include at least partial curing of at least partially transmissive layers prior to the formation of separators, inclined facets and drafted facets between a glass carrier and at least partially transmissive layers, lenses At least partially transmissive modified layer having a curing temperature below or below, an angled facet and draft facet dimension selected to match the lens operating temperature range, or UV curable Is used to eliminate the resulting stress deformation of the lens.


Abstract Disclosure: N. Shiraliyeva: None. A. Rios Chen: None. E. Azimi-Nekoo: None. P. Kishore: None. Background: The thyroid can be affected by COVID-19 either directly through viral infection or indirectly through abnormal immune regulation (1). We report a case of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) induced by COVID-19 in which thyroid function (TFT) abnormalities lasted for over a year. Case Presentation: A 36 year old woman with a history of T2DM presented to the clinic with tachycardia, chills, tremors, and subjective fever. On exam, she had mild diffuse non-tender thyromegaly. History was significant for COVID-19 infection one month prior and she denied taking any supplement, including biotin. Laboratory data revealed TSH of 0.064 (0.270-4.2 uIU/mL), prior 0.3 in 2017, FT4 of 1.24 (0.75 – 2.0 ng/dL), TT3 129 (60 - 181.0 ng/dL ), negative TSI, TRAb, and TPO antibodies. Thyroid ultrasound demonstrated normal vascularity and no evidence of thyroid enlargement or nodules. Nuclear medicine uptake scan exhibited low thyroid uptake of 5.9 %. A diagnosis of COVID-19-related SAT (COVID-SAT) was made and she was treated with propranolol. She continued to have palpitations and TSH remained low for 15 months. TSH normalized at 17 months and repeat thyroid uptake scan demonstrated a normal uptake at 15.5%. Conclusion: SAT is a self-limited inflammatory thyroid disorder usually preceded by a viral upper respiratory tract infection. COVID-SAT has been described in multiple patients. Like typical SAT, COVID-SAT can present with neck pain, asthenia, fever and palpitations (1). COVID-19 infection can cause SAT either directly through ACE-2 mediated viral invasion of cells or indirectly through abnormal immune regulation leading to cytokine storm (1). Our literature search found 20 patients with COVID-SAT. The vast majority were middle-aged females with no history of thyroid issues. In most cases of COVID-SAT, TFT abnormalities lasted 4 to 8 weeks (1). Our patient is unique in that her TFT abnormalities lasted for over a year, which is different from the usual course of SAT or COVID-SAT. Prospective studies on patients with long COVID without associated thyroid disorders demonstrated that TFT and anti-thyroid antibodies did not play a significant role in long COVID (2). We speculate that the suppression of TSH and low thyroid uptake for >1 year, may represent a form of long COVID of the thyroid. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of long term effects of COVID infection on the thyroid and thyroid function. References: 1. Ruggeri RM et al. SARS-COV-2-related immune-inflammatory thyroid disorders: facts and perspectives. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology. 2021 Jul;17(7):737-759. 2. Lui DTW et al. A prospective follow-up on thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and long COVID among 250 COVID-19 survivors. Endocrine. 2023 Jan 3:1–12. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03281-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36596904; PMCID: PMC9810240. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023


The relative changes in water stage in swamps and marshes and the variations of current velocities in bayous and canals under present conditions are calculated, using a computer watershed model. Results are presented as water surface elevation contours generated graphically by computer software programs. Through model calibration and sensitivity analysis, values of Manning's n are adjusted to fit the model output agreeable with field data. The proposed method will be used to simulate and predict future conditions caused by the extension of an existing levee in a coastal Louisiana wetland.


The mental character of the health is an essential element with essential mature talented person.This text from analysis the mental current situation of university student influence university student the environment factor that mental state is healthy set out,definitely inquiry into understanding from four aspects the university student's path of the mental problem.


Significance Self-healing hydrogels are increasingly finding use in diverse applications, such as artificial biological tissues, soft machines, and biosensors. Understanding the physical principle that governs the swelling and shrinking kinetics of self-healing hydrogels is indispensable for their applications but quite limited. Here, we show that the shrinking and swelling kinetics of self-healing hydrogels could be intrinsically asymmetric. The swelling kinetics is governed by the permanently crosslinked network structure, whereas the shrinking kinetics is governed by structure frustration, formed due to large differences in the heat and solvent diffusions. This study provides a useful step toward elucidating the essential physics governing the swelling and shrinking of self-healing hydrogels upon temperature change.


By using numerical simulation, we confirm that Takayasu--Sato--Takayasu (TST) model which leads Pareto's law satisfies the detailed balance under Gibrat's law. In the simulation, we take an exponential tent-shaped function as the growth rate distribution. We also numerically confirm the reflection law equivalent to the equation which gives the Pareto index $\mu$ in TST model. Moreover, we extend the model modifying the stochastic coefficient under a Non-Gibrat's law. In this model, the detailed balance is also numerically observed. The resultant pdf is power-law in the large scale Gibrat's law region, and is the log-normal distribution in the middle scale Non-Gibrat's one. These are accurately confirmed in the numerical simulation.


This paper provides a case study on how Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) [1, 2] was applied to investigate an organisational problem in a government organisation. The intervention investigation used Hitchins' systems engineering problemsolving approach to identifying and tackling the problem [3]. The last part of the paper compares SSM with the systems thinking perspectives approach [4].


The traffic emissions are compared with other sources on examples from USA, EC and the Czech Republic. It is stated, that one of the ways how to decrease these relevant emissions is the substitution of petrol by LPG. The properties of LPG as a car fuel and its profitableness in comparison with petrol are discussed. The role of state in the development of LPG programme is stressed, that can be applicated in tax politics and in the change of legislation.


Addressing the need for fast design cycles and tooling in the assembly of small structures, a flexible approach to overcome the obstacles of current time-consuming manufacturing methods is needed. Additionally, assembly of small and especially optical structures is often limited concerning the application and curing of adhesives used for joining. Local heating structures can be seen as an ideal way of solving this issue. This paper shows the simulation and flexible laser structuring of miniaturized heating. Mask-based large panel physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes and subsequent laser processing appear to be economical and flexible, and are compared to standard panel level lithography processes.


The high-pressure thermal properties and their correlation with burning rates of the composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants containing 3,6-bis (1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl-amino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (BTATz), a substitute of hexogen (RDX), were investigated using the high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC). The results show that there is a main exothermal decomposition process with the heating of each propellant. High pressure can restrain the volatilization of NG, accelerate the main decom- position reaction, and make the reaction occur easily. High pressure can change the main decomposition reaction mech- anism function and kinetics, and the control process obeys the rule of Avrami-Erofeev equation at high pressure and chem- ical reaction at normal pressure. However, the mechanism function can not be changed by the ballistic modifier. The correlation between PDSC characteristic values and burning rates was carried out and found that u and p DHd=DT ðÞ 1=2 keep a good linear relation, ku keeps a similar changing trend with u, and it can be used to study the effect of the ballistic modifier or the other component on the burning rates.


Abstract There has been a clear trend toward greater conditionality and coercion in labour market and social policy in recent decades, a key part of which is tougher sanctions for unemployment benefit claimants who refuse offers of employment or otherwise fail to comply with their obligations. Our understanding of this trend and its determinants is so far built only on a corpus of small-N evidence, while systematic comparative large-N analyses are lacking. As a result, the broad patterns of policy change and their general political drivers remain underexplored. This paper fills this gap by examining unemployment benefit sanction reforms in 20 democracies between 1980 and 2012 using an original dataset. It is shown that governments introduce tougher sanctions in order to reconcile two competing pressures that arise during economic downturns: an increased need for social protection and reduced fiscal revenues. The findings, which are also applicable to other historical periods and policy areas, provide an impulse for future comparative large-N research on 'demanding activation' policies.


Described is a simple, efficient algorithm for determining the nearest displayed point on a screen to an arbitrary cursor position. The algorithm seems particularly appropriate for interactive systems using a data tablet with a "smart" controller. The algorithm is based on partitioning the screen among the currently displayed points and minimally modifing this structure as points are added and deleted. Finding the nearest point for cursor position consists then of moving through this partitioning structure until the region is determined. A divide-and-conquer method is used for both inclusion testing in a particular region and also for speeding the search for the proper nearest point.


Latent class mixed modelling for phenotypic stratification of primary biliary cholangitis patients on first line treatment Victoria Mulcahy1,2*, Anais Rouanet3*, Alessio Gerussi4,5, Adam Duckworth6, Steve Flack1, Marco Carbone4,5, Brian Tom3, George Mells1,2 1 Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 2 Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK 3 MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK 4 Division of Gastroenterology, Centre for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy 5 European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy 6 Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust *joint first authors


According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), animal genetic resources available throughout the world are in dramatic state of decline. This results in the disappearance of substantial numbers of local animal populations, and the consequent loss of their ability to adapt genetically to their local environments. This study analyzes the genetic variability and structure of a limited rare population, a local beef cattle breed from Majorca Isle (Spain): the Mallorquina breed, based on the analysis of 15 microsatellites. A total of 26 individuals, grouped according to coat color, were sampled: 12 from the red Mallorquina variety and 14 from the black Mallorquina variety. The genetic relationships between these subpopulations and five other Spanish cattle breeds were analyzed and compared. The levels of genetic variability were very similar for the two varieties, and comparable to those obtained in other Spanish and Europeans breeds. The value of genetic differentiation (FST) between the two varieties was low (0.3%), indicating the existence of high gene flow between the two groups, and great genetic similarity between them. On the other hand, the values obtained for FIS and FIT were 1.9% and 1.6%, with no statistical difference of zero, showing in this population, Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The probability of exclusion (PE) was 99.9%, which allows us to utilize these markers as a good tool for individual identification and parentage testing. Genetic distance and the dendrogram results obtained show a clear separation between the peninsular Spanish bovine populations and the two Majorcan


A critical issue facing millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular systems is channel dynamics. MmWave signals are extremely susceptible to blocking and thus may vary rapidly with motion, orientation of the handset and local blockages. In this work, we derive a Finite State Markov Channel (FSMC) model of the mmWave channel from the statistics of ray tracing simulation data, which are based on channel measurements in an urban environment. The FSMC tracks the mutual information effective SINR (MI-ESNR), which can then be used in network simulations. The FSMC model is applied to analyze queue behavior and obtain the latency, throughput, packet error and droppage statistics for mmWave links at the MAC layer, making it useful for higher-layer analysis, as well. We evaluate the accuracy of the channel model for various model complexities and packet arrival rates and show that the model performance closely matches the empirical ray tracing data.


Abstract Independents will drive much of future global exploration, especially in frontiers, new basins and countries seeking investments worldwide. Yet Independents have global choice and have positioned accordingly. Thus companies must compete for these scarcer exploration dollars, and offer best venture prospects. A review of worldwide Independents and strategies reveals their disposition, much of their new ventures investment now flowing into Africa (the cutting edge of the global frontier plays), less so to Latin America and Asia, where exploration outlook has much weakened. This holds key lessons for Asian countries and others, and new strategies will need to be adopted in the future - and such an approach also holds implications for Asian National Oil Companies that have also exited Asia for greater portfolio investments in Africa and elsewhere in recent years. Presented at: 2005 South East Asia Petroleum Exploration Society (SEAPEX) Conference, Singapore, 2005


Introduction 1. A much misunderstood man 2. Magnolias and marigolds: hippos and hiatuses 3. Modern terrestrial deposits 4. Ancient terrestrial deposits 5. Modern shorelines 6. Ancient shorelines 7. Ancient platform deposits 8. Off-shore deposits, ancient and modern 9. Sudden storms are short 10. Evolution by accident 11. Periodic plutonism 12. It's the only present we've got! 13. Jupiter or Pluto?


The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the interpretation of cultural heritage sites and the genius loci. In her seminal essay Against Interpretation (1966), Susan Sontag stigmatises the dissociation between form and content and the constant focus on the latter in the name of interpretation. She opposes the need for us to "learn to see more, to hear more, to feel more", and therefore to concentrate on the form. On the other hand, interpretation is paramount to the understanding of heritage site as promoted by the Charleston Declaration on Heritage Interpretation (2005) and The ICOMOS Charter for the Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites (2007). This work does not propose to refute in their entirety the possible or established benefits of site interpretation. It is however envisaged to discuss the potential shortcomings of interpretation as it is approached today and its possible detrimental effects on the genius loci. Hence the two-fold question is brought forward: is interpretation out of place at heritage sites, or is a site out of place 'm the absence of interpretation In order to approach this question, the methodology suggested consists of the presentation and analysis of the existing literature and theory underpinning the principles of interpretation, as well as a discussion of the concept of place. The notions of significance, value and meaning are also explored, with a view towards understanding the process that informs site interpretation. This theoretical framework is put into perspective by considering the case of the Turkish Cemetery in Malta, a 19th century monument which presents in many ways, an interesting ground for testing different theories for interpretation.


Abstract Using the framework of Attachment Theory, and following on from Part 1, further patterns of Attachment Behaviour are described and linked to responses in the classroom. The Avoidant and Dis-organized patterns are described and linked to responses in the class-room to the teacher and to the educational task illustrated by examples from practice. Possibilities for intervention within a learning frame-work are presented and discussed with a view to enhancing teacher's understanding of classroom behaviour and their responses through practice.


The consequences of conservation of isotopic spin are investigated. Relations between different cross sections are found which are valid if in the meson-nucleon interaction a state with a particular value of isotopic spin preates. The relations of Smorodinskii and Jacobson for elastic nucleon-nucleon cross sections are generalized for the case of meson and nucleon--antinucleon pair production. Furthermore, the consequences of isotopic spin conservation are given for the following cases: meson production on nuclei, creation of heavy meson pairs and nucleon antinucleon pairs in pi -nucleon collisions, and for some processes of nucleon annihilation in collisions with deuterons. (auth)


Results are presented from a three dimensional lattice model of amphiphile-solvent and amphiphile-amphiphile-solvent systems studied using Monte Carlo simulations. This model builds upon previous models [1-11] allowing for a longer am-phiphilic head group and the inclusion of a second, different amphiphile. Detailed simulations are run using both a single amphiphile and double amphiphile model to study the self-assembly of micelles. Analysis of the results from these simulations shows that the models exhibit a critical micelle concentration together with cluster size distributions consistent with experiment and theory. Simulations of the single amphiphile model also give information on the free energy of micelle formation with the entropic and enthalpic contributions determined. It is found that the competition between the decreasing internal energy per monomer and entropy per monomer is the source of micellar behaviour. This result is then confirmed independently by calculating the partition function of an amphiphilic cluster using an extension to the Rosenbluth scheme [12-14]. Further results are also presented from simulations studying the effect of changing the head length, the hydrophilicity and the chain stiffness of the modelled am-phiphiles. Similar results for the internal energy and entropy are found concerning changes to the amphiphilic head group, however changes in amphiphilic chain stiffness highlight the importance of the structure of the micelle core.


This paper describes a group of derivational verbal suffixes in Abaza, a polysynthetic language belonging to the Northwest Caucasian family. For each suffix I propose a short description of its most remarkable features. In particular, I discuss the polysemy of the refactive and assertive markers and their interaction with the event structure of the verb. Other suffixes such as the putative and inferential markers are interesting due to their peculiar morphological behavior. The diversity of the discussed affixes is tentatively explained by the different pathways of their morphological and semantic development


Introduction: Today, social networks play an important role in increasing the relationships between people around the world. In this study, the performance of social networks in maintaining health and the way they affect the health level has been investigated.
Method: In this study, a library-based research is applied. Using an extensive review of literature, applications of social network services in the healthcare sector have been identified. Finally, based on the results of study, the practical recommendations have been proposed.
Results: The findings show that the use of social networks in the healthcare sector has some significant applications and some side effects.
Conclusion: These networks can be used in the treatment of mental illness using the helps of influential users, controlling the epidemics, finding the long-term complications, and dynamic assessment of healthcare centers, etc.


Form-persuasive garments are new lightweight briefs and panty girdles which use 40-140-den spandex yarns and have a level of control intermediate between stretch nylon panties and conventional high-support foundations. This work was done to provide a basic understanding of the functionality of these garments and to provide a basis for proper garment design. Consumer tests showed high interest in this concept, and a new market potential exists for form-persuasive garments to complement the high-sup port segment of the foundation market, particularly for casual wear and sportswear . and for subjects requiring relatively minor adjustments to their figures. The major functional contribution of form-persuasive garments is to provide geometric adjustments and dynamic control of the body approaching that of high-support foundations but with about 60% of the constraint. The required levels of fabric extension were specified, and expressions were derived and confirmed by actual wear tests to predict these levels. Definitions were also furnished for preferred levels of garment support to provide wearer identi6able geometric and dynamic adjustments to the body. Several new tests were developed to identify garment pressure and body responses to varying support levels. A modified fabric test was also proposed.


Evaluating the quality of accessible image captions with human raters is difficult, as it may be difficult for a visually impaired user to know how comprehensive a caption is, whereas a sighted assistant may not know what information a user will need from a caption. To explore how image captioners and caption consumers assess caption content, we conducted a series of collaborative captioning sessions in which six pairs, consisting of a blind person and their sighted partner, worked together to discuss, create, and evaluate image captions. By making captioning a collaborative task, we were able to observe captioning strategies, to elicit questions and answers about image captions, and to explore blind users' caption preferences. Our findings provide insight about the process of creating good captions and serve as a case study for cross-ability collaboration between blind and sighted people.


A new sustained-release trunk coating(0.5% Jian-min Guo extract sulfur colloid sustained-release pesticides)was used to control Chionaspis camphora Chen in the current case.The results showed that this new insecticide had the same control effect as the ordinary one,40% missible oil of methidathion.Additionally,the former demonstrated longer pharmaceutical period,and its use technique was more simple.Therefore,the sustained-release-type trunk coating was worth promoting and extending in practice.


Size analysis of diatom populations has not been widely considered, but it is a potentially powerful tool for understanding diatom life histories, population dynamics, and phylogenetic relationships. However, measuring cell dimensions on a light microscope is a time‐consuming process. An alternative technique has been developed using digital flow cytometry on a FlowCAM® (Fluid Imaging Technologies) to capture hundreds, or even thousands, of images of a chosen taxon from a single sample in a matter of minutes. Up to 30 morphological measures may be quantified through post‐processing of the high resolution images. We evaluated FlowCAM size measurements, comparing them against measurements from a light microscope. We found good agreement between measurement of apical cell length in species with elongated, straight valves, including small Achnanthidium minutissimum (11‐21 µm) and large Didymosphenia geminata (87–137 µm) forms. However, a taxon with curved cells, Hannaea baicalensis (37–96 µm), showed differences of ~ 4 µm between the two methods. Discrepancies appear to be influenced by the choice of feret or geodesic measurement for asymmetric cells. We describe the operating conditions necessary for analysis of size distributions and present suggestions for optimal instrument conditions for size analysis of diatom samples using the FlowCAM. The increased speed of data acquisition through use of imaging flow cytometers like the FlowCAM is an essential step for advancing studies of diatom populations.


During differentiation, a stem cell and its progeny cascade through a number of lineage decisions from a multipotent state over progenitor states to mature functional cells. While single cell technologies allow to observe cell fate decisions on a single cell level, mechanisms of cell fate choice are still poorly understood. In this work, we develop mathematical models and methods to investigate cell fate mechanism in stem cells, accounting for the inherent heterogeneity and the genealogical structure revealed on a single cell level.


The invention discloses an elimination method and device of stray capacitance. In a touch scanning period, a first simulation signal is input into a plurality of source lines, a second simulation signal is input into a plurality of multiplexing lines to eliminate the stray capacitance, wherein the first simulation signal and a touch scanning signal input into a common electrode have the same or similar waveform, the second simulation signal and the touch scanning signal input into the common electrode have the similar waveform, and a third simulation signal and the touch scanning signal input into the common electrode have the similar waveform; a second simulation waveform comprises a first target high level and a second target high level; the second simulation waveform comprises a first target low level and a second target low level, wherein the sequence of the levels from high to low is: first target high level, the second target high level, the first target low level and the second target low level; the first target high level and the second target high level are generated through different modules; and the first target low level and the second target low level are generated through different modules.


Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome with deletion 5q [del(5q) MDS] is characterized by higher incidence in older women, progressive anemia, and >70% rate of hematologic response to single-agent lenalidomide (Len). Len was approved for del(5q) MDS by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2005 on the basis of response rates, with uncertain effect on overall survival (OS). Our objective was to evaluate whether the availability of Len affected the frequency of del(5q) designation among newly diagnosed MDS cases in the US, and to compare OS of del(5q) MDS patients treated with upfront Len or with hypomethylating agents (HMA, azacitidine or decitabine), which were an alternative therapy for MDS available in the US. Methods: We selected cases of low-grade MDS diagnosed in 2001-2011 from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare (SEER-Medicare) data base. Patients were >65 years of age at diagnosis. We identified treatment with Len or HMA in the subpopulation of del(5q) cases diagnosed in 2007-2011 who had complete records of injectable and oral chemotherapy drugs (i.e. with Medicare Part D coverage). Transfusion dependence was assessed by identifying all transfusions within 3 months before therapy, and in months 1-2, 3-4, or 5-6 after treatment initiation. We compared overall survival (OS) using log-rank tests, and in multivariable Cox models adjusting for available confounders, reporting adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among 21,384 low-grade MDS patients, the frequency of del(5q) MDS designation (N=655) doubled after approval of Len (2% in 2001-06 vs. 4% in 2007-11, P We compared outcomes of del(5q) MDS patients from 2007-2011 (N=157) who had complete record of oral prescriptions (i.e. enrollees in a Medicare Part D plan), including 114 patients treated with upfront Len and 43 treated with upfront HMA. Patients treated with Len were on average older (median age 81 years for Len vs. 78 for HMA, P=.007), more often female (75% vs. 51%, P=.007), with poor functional status (16% vs. 2%, P=.026) or with Medicaid co-insurance (24% vs. 9%, P=.046). There was no significant difference in time from diagnosis to treatment (median 3 months, P=.10), comorbidity index (P=.22), prior hospitalization (P=1.0) or prior transfusions (P=1.00). However, HMA-treated cases had a higher prevalence of pre-treatment G-CSF use (21% vs. 4%, P=.003) and more frequently a subsequent record of acute leukemia (12% vs. 2%, P=.017). OS was significantly better among patients treated with Len than with HMA (median 2.8 vs. 0.9 years, Fig. A), and remained so in a multivariable model adjusting for age, sex, race, baseline transfusion dependence, prior G-CSF, hospitalization, and poor functional status (adjusted HR, 0.27, CI, 0.16-0.43, P Conclusions:In this first population-based assessment of survival outcomes among US patients with del(5q) MDS, the FDA approval of Len led to an increased designation of del(5q) among MDS cases, which will confound studies relying on historical cohort comparisons. Rates of transfusion independence after Len in del(5q) MDS were similar to experience from clinical trials. A significant proportion of del(5q) MDS patients do not receive Len, and state-subsidized co-insurance was associated with improved access to this expensive drug. Among del(5q) MDS patients who receive active therapy, upfront Len is associated with a significantly better OS and a higher rate of transfusion independence than upfront HMA. Disclosures Reagan:Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alexion: Honoraria. Olszewski:TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy.


Abstract Adams (1993) argues that the traditional view that no one in Hell can leave, poses a problem for the theist. This is because, she argues, such a bad state of affairs should be prevented by God. In response, Buckareff and Plug (2005) argue that everyone in Hell can leave. More recently, Matheson (2014) argues that if everyone in Hell can leave, then everyone in Heaven can also leave. However, Matheson provides reason to think that it is impossible for anyone in Heaven to leave. In which case, he argues, no one in Hell can leave either. In this article, I extend this debate, and offer reason to think Matheson's argument is unsound.


We investigate possible linear waves and nonlinear wave interactions in a bounded three‐layer fluid system using both analysis and numerical simulations. For sharp interfaces, we obtain analytic solutions for the admissible linear mode‐one parent/signature waves that exist in the system. For diffuse interfaces, we compute the overtaking interaction of nonlinear mode‐two solitary waves. Mathematically, owing to a small loss of energy to dispersive tails during the interaction, the waves are not solitons. However, this energy loss is extremely minute, and because the dispersively coupled waves in the system exhibit the three types of Lax KdV interactions, we conclude that for all intents and purposes the solitary waves exhibit soliton behavior.


Judged by the industrial characteristics, the space distribution of industry, the institution characteristics and the regional cooperation, the regional economic cooperation and development of China today have lots of problems. The stratagems of accomplishing regional economy development in harmony is to start up and deepen regional economic cooperation, The negotiation mechanism between local governments must improve market mechanism and to realize industry upgrading and the form of predominant industrial clusters .


113Background: An estimated 327,630 breast cancers (BC) will be diagnosed in the US in 2020, and as high as 14% (45,868) may be related to a hereditary cancer syndrome. Testing eligible patients in...


P. Papasoglu asked in [Pap13] whether for any Riemannian 3-disk $M$ with diameter $d$, boundary area $A$ and volume $V$, there exists a homotopy $S_t$ contracting the boundary to a point so that the area of $S_t$ is bounded by $f(d,A,V)$ for some function $f$. He further asks whether it is possible to subdivide $M$ by a disk $D$ into two regions of volume $V/4$ so that the area of $D$ is bounded by some function $h(d,A,V)$.
In this paper, we answer the questions above in the negative. We further prove that given $N>0$ and $c\in(0,1)$, one can construct a metric $g'$ so that any 2-disk $D$ subdividing $(M,g')$ into two regions of volume at least $cV$, the area of $D$ is greater than $N$. We also prove that for any Riemannian 3-sphere $M$, there is a surface that subdivides the disk into two regions of volume no less than $V/6$, and the area of this surface is bounded by $3\operatorname{HF}_1(2d)$, where $\operatorname{HF}_1$ is the homological filling function of $M$.


An analysis of the transportation systems used in flexible manufacturing systems is introduced in the paper. Based on the analysis an approach to the modelling and control of an automatic guided vehicles system (AGVS) is presented. It is aimed at a specifically delimited class of the AGV transportation systems. A special group of the colored Petri nets interpreted for control is used for the process control specification. A time optimal solution of the AGV route planning is proposed.


Both adults in the present scene derive indirectly from Michelangelo's Original Sin, probably through the medium of Raimondi's print (Venus) and Caraglio's engraving of 1527 ('satyr'). Correggio thoroughly reworked all his models and endowed them with an intensive erotic expression. No wonder that his masterpiece aroused interest among artists for over two centuries. It is iconography derives from the Hypnerotomachia Polyphili, as interpreted in the light of ancient writers, probably by Mario Equicola, Federico Gonzaga's secretary.


PURPOSE: A composite material curtain wall and window system for a building-integrated solar generating system is provided to enhance the insulating performance of a building realizing generation using sunlight. CONSTITUTION: A composite material curtain wall and window system for a building-integrated solar generating system comprises mullions(101), transoms(102), mullion caps(103), trasnsom caps(104), and a solar module(105). The mullions are vertically arranged at an interval between them. The transoms cross the mullions and are horizontally arranged at an interval between them. The mullion caps are located in the length direction of each mullion and cover the edge of the solar module vertically and one side of the mullion. The transom caps are located in the length direction of each transom.


Multi-level cell (MLC) capability in RRAM is attractive for reducing the cost per bit. Based on the filamentary switching mechanisms, we propose a pulse-train programming scheme to achieve reliable and uniform MLC controls without the need of any read-verification operation. By applying the novel scheme to a 3 bit/cell RRAM device, the uniformity of resistance distribution can be improved up to 80%.


Teff (Eragrostis tef) is the most important staple cereal food crop in Ethiopia. It accounts for 25% of the annual gross grain production. Teff rust [Uromyces eragrostidis] is the most important and widely distributed teff disease in the country; it causes grain yield losses of 10%–41% annually. Presently, no teff germplasm immune to this disease has been found. The objectives of this study were to determine the resistance of 2000 E. tef landrace accessions and 5000 mutant lines to teff rust and the effects of sowing dates, plant maturity, and fungicides application on teff rust severity. The majority of teff landrace accessions and mutant lines had a high incidence of teff rust infection with susceptible reaction types, i.e., large uredia without chlorosis. None of teff landrace accessions and mutant lines showed complete resistance, but 22 landrace accessions had lower teff rust severity levels. Low rust severity was associated with early sowing dates and early-maturing teff varieties, indicating the beneficial effect of early maturing in escaping the disease. The average yield loss incurred because of teff rust varied from 6% to 33% across three sowing dates. Although, no significant yield differences were observed among the fungicides tested, propiconazole (Tilt® 250 EC and Bumper® 250 EC) was found to reduce more teff rust severity.


The main objective of this research was to evaluate the use of remotely sensed images as a method to facilitate accurate and rapid collection of large quantities of inventory data. Images collected from either an airplane or satellite can be collected fairly rapidly for large areas without locating on-road or interfering with traffic. With the launching of the IKONOS satellite, resolutions of 1 meter can be practically obtained from space. Image resolution of as high as 1-inch are possible with aerial photography. Aircraft can be flown at higher altitudes for lower resolutions. Since cost typically decreases as resolution decreases, one of the goals of the research was to test images at different levels of resolution to make recommendations on the minimum necessary to collect specific inventory features. This is especially important since many agencies already have access to low resolution images such as the USGS orthophoto quarter quads. Besides the advantage of more rapid data collection, use of remote sensing may allow collection of data which was previously difficult to obtain from conventional methods.


A lighting lane system of a road is provided to prevent the vehicle from coming over the opposite lane at night according to the clear recognition of the lane and to keep the same height as the road surface by separating the buffer block from the concrete girder and placing the height compensating block. A lighting lane system of a road comprises a housing(10); plural LED lamps(20) placed in the housing with a predetermined interval; a sealing cap for sealing both ends of the housing; a housing holder(40) combined at the hanging part of the housing to mount the housing at the concrete girder; an elastic buffer block(50) having an assembling groove(51) inserting the housing, a body formed with plural adjusting holes, and finishing caps(55) fitted at the adjusting holes; a concrete girder(60) long formed with a depression(G) toward the traveling direction at a road(R) and projected with plural anchor bolts(61) combined with the housing holder by nuts; and at least one height compensating block selectively placed between the floor of the concrete girder and the buffer block.


The most effective in the first problems of managing lighting systems in the first place is the program-centralized input. In the paper, the last steps of the school curriculum are discovered and the process of shaping the school curriculum is controlled. In general, the development of the whole program with clearly defined goals, objectives, predicted results, which is balanced with personnel and minds, obvious resources, is necessary. In the statistics, it is indicated, that the main program is intended for such goals: it is directed to the forecast of changes, updating the effectiveness of the foundation of the development and implementation of the strategy of development; it can make innovations straightforward, ensures the systematicity of the processes in the implementation of the innovation; works on the mission of the school, laying foundation for the image.
The approximate structure of the program is determined: substantiation of the problem; theoretical and methodological foundations; the purpose and objectives of the program; stages of program implementation; measures for the implementation of the program; Expected results; analysis and evaluation of the results of the innovation program.
It is established, that the development of the program has the following support: organizational support of the program – modernization of the working curriculum in accordance with the conceptual objectives of the institution; regulatory and legal support of the program – adjustment of the package of documents: development programs of the educational institution; target programs, regulations; scientific and methodological support of the program – theoretical substantiation of the subject of experimental research work; creation of a diagnostic complex for studying the personal sphere of pupils; organization of seminars, pedagogical consultations, scientific-practical conferences as effective means of directing self-educational activity of teachers on improvement of own experimental-research competence; development of special courses, focused on the formation of business qualities of pupils; material and technical support of the program – improvement of development of a methodical office; creation of a media cabinet; expansion of the school library fund, use of Internet opportunities, etc.


To study the present research of multislice spiral computer tomography(MSCT) angiography in coronary artery and to explore its development.MSCT as a non-invasive examination is a valuable method in detecting the disease of coronary artery.


Thank you for reading tax smart investing maximizing your clients profits. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this tax smart investing maximizing your clients profits, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


Shielding techniques for radiation oncology facilities Patton H. McGinley, Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, WI 2002. 184pp. Price: $65.00. PACS number(s): 87.52.–g


Culture is the backbone of a country, each country has its own language style, and the way of thinking is the connotation of culture, to more comprehensive understanding of the culture from the most fundamental, only to master the most essential nature of different thinking then will have a more comprehensive understanding of different languages. This paper makes a simple analysis of the embodiment of Chinese and western thinking modes in the language by finding relevant information, browsing relevant papers and ordinary language knowledge accumulation, and concludes that different ways of thinking can more comprehensively understand the essence of the language through different ways of thinking. The cultural customs of the country always affect our way of thinking. And the thinking logic that we have formed reacts on our daily lives. For example: speaking style, behavior habits. These words and behaviors are embodied by the thinking logic formed in our hearts. Thus it can be seen that people's language characteristics reflect their thoughts and cognition. It also reflects a deeper cultural connotation. Language is the shadow of thinking, and thinking logic is the catalyst of language. Only in the thinking mode of the language can more improve the cultural communication among countries, so as to promote the common progress and development among countries.


In many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN), sensors are deployed un-tethered in hostile environments. For location-aware WSN applications, it is essential to ensure that sensors can determine their location, even in the presence of malicious adversaries. In this paper we address the problem of enabling sensors of WSN to determine their location in an un-trusted environment. Since localization schemes based on distance estimation are expensive for the resource constrained sensors, we propose a range-independent localization algorithm called SeRLoc. SeRLoc is distributed algorithm and does not require any communication among sensors. In addition, we show that SeRLoc is robust against severe WSN attacks, such as the wormhole attack, the sybil attack and compromised sensors. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first work that provides a security-aware range-independent localization scheme for WSN. We present a threat analysis and comparison of the performance of SeRLoc with state-of-the-art range-independent localization schemes.


Unfortunately, many students do not consider this formula to be of much interest and rarely do they appreciate its power as a mathematical tool. One reason for this lack of interest and appreciation of the distance formula is that students are too often asked to merely prove the formula or to verify that the formula does in fact yield the desired distances for a set of exercises. Although such a task does provide practice in translating from geometric form to algebraic form, together with practice in algebraic manipulation, it ignores the creative aspect of mathematics. This article will outline a problem solving approach to a topic in geometry that was original research for us (the results may be known to other mathematicians). The process described below affords students ample opportunity for transforming to algebraic forms and for algebraic manipulation. In addition, it indicates how a student might develop a conjecture and then verify it for himself. Recall that for two equally spaced points V1 and V2 on a unit circle and for any other point P on the circle that V1 V2 is a diameter and A V1 PV2 is a right triangle (see Figure 1). From the Pythagorean theorem we have


The study investigated the management style of the executive woman in the family-run enterprise in Passo Fundo, Brazil. The guider theories were the transparent management and the learning organizatios, focusing the executive women. They present peculiar characteristics to the learning organizations. The objective was identifying the feminine style of management in family-run enterprises correlating to the managers women profile. The investigated number of executives was 26 through an explorer questionnaire and semi-structured interview. It was evidenced that executives of the family-run enterprises in Passo Fundo cultivate values as the honesty, the human being and the companionship; they stay acting in the family-run enterprise for love feeling to the company; their desires or personal dreams are related to the dreams or managerial desires. They present a leadership style more related to people than to tasks; even so they are very guided for the power, assuming a managerial position more based on the masculine model of administration.


The Jeffcott equations are a system of coupled differential equations that represent the behavior of a rotating shaft. This is a simple model that allows investigation of the basic dynamic behavior of rotating machinery. Nonlinearities can be introduced by taking into consideration deadband, side force, and rubbing, among others. In this paper we study the properties of the solutions of the Jeffcott equations with deadband. In particular, we show how bounds for the solutions of these equations can be obtained from bounds for the solutions of the linearized equations. By studying the behavior of the Fourier transforms of the solutions, we are also able to predict the onset of destructive vibrations. These conclusions are verified by means of numerical solutions of the equations, and of power spectrum density (PSD) plots. This study offers insight into a possible detection method to determine pump stability margins during flight and hot fire tests, and was motivated by the need to explain a phenomenon observed in the development phase of the cryogenic pumps of the space shuttle, during hot fire ground testing: namely, the appearance of vibrations at frequencies that could not be accounted for by means of linear models.


The monograph highlights and summarizes the research results and analysis of literary sources regarding the selective improvement of Triticum aestivum L. using the hybridization method. The selection and genetic features of the manifestation of the nature of the inheritance of valuable economic traits and properties of winter wheat in F1 and the beginning of determining the degree and frequency of transgressions in F2 with its confirmation in F3, 4 were considered. As a result of research, new varieties of Triticum aestivum L. were created, which were introduced into production, and selection material for use in further stages of selection.


For two consecutive days in July, India experienced blackouts that took down large portions of the country's power grid. The second outage was the largest in history, leaving more than 600 million people, nearly a tenth of the world's population, without electricity. The blackouts brought renewed attention to the country's power sector, which is struggling to supply India's growing demand. They exposed weak links in the transmission system, inadequate fail-safe systems for preventing cascading failures, and a lack of proper outage planning.


Data security on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) cards for parking security applications need to be applied for more protection especially information on RFID cards, as well as to improve security on RFID access authentication and verification using cryptography algorithm, one of the algorithms that can be used for authentication and verification in RFID communication process is International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) algorithm, the results obtained that the data security on RFID can work well.


Cephalopods are known as the chameleons of the sea - they can alter their skin's coloration, pattern, texture,
and reflectivity to blend into the surrounding environment. Despite much research effort, there are few known
strategies (natural or artificial) for emulating the unique dynamic reflectivity and coloration of cephalopods. We
have drawn inspiration from self-assembled structures found in cephalopods to fabricate tunable biomimetic
camouflage coatings. The reflectance of these coatings can be dynamically modulated between the visible and
IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in situ. Our studies represent a crucial step towards reconfigurable
and disposable IR camouflage for stealth applications.


Introduction: Hemorrhage is a life threatening event starting from conception till puerperium and hence obstetrics has been aptly honored to be the business of blood. Antepartum hemorrhage is defined as bleeding per vaginum occurring after the fetus has reached the period of viability but before the birth of baby. Early detection and prompt action can help us provide better maternal care and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with the same. Materials and Methods: All cases of antepartum haemorrhage ≥ 28 weeks of gestation that were admitted in the hospital over a period of one year were evaluated. Discussion: A total of 133 patients were admitted with antepartum hemorrhage who were then evaluated. Placenta previa was the main cause i.e. 58.5% of APH in the present study. Abruptio placentae and undetermined cases were 23.3% and 18.05% respectively. In our study the most common complications encountered was PPH which had incidence of 41% Conclusion: Awareness of antenatal care during pregnancy, importance of institutional deliveries and adoption of various contraceptive methods (temporary as well as permanent) are the key factors to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with antepartum hemorrhage and subsequent postpartum hemorrhage.


A novel cascadable current-mode universal filter employing three current-controlled conveyors (translinear conveyors) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The circuit with single input and three high-impedance current outputs, ideal for cascading, realizes low-pass, band-pass, and inverting band-reject transfer functions. Inverting high-pass and inverting all-pass transfer functions are obtained by simply connecting the available outputs. The proposed circuit enjoys tuning through external currents, low total harmonic distortion (THD), good dynamic range, attractive sensitivity performance and is ideal for IC implementation.


The electron energy distribution is obtained for a cesium plasma in a thin region close to the emitter of an ignited‐mode thermionic converter. Assuming that the steady‐state plasma is spatially uniform, the Boltzmann equation with only the electric field and the collision terms is solved by the use of WKBJ method. The collision terms include the elastic, inelastic and electron‐electron Coulomb interactions. A parameter p which is proportional to the ratio of the degree of ionization and the electric field, is used to characterize the effect of the electron‐electron interaction on the energy distribution. The stability of the present solution depends on the position of a singular point, a so‐called turning point in the wave equation. The present method gives a stable solution when p≥3. When p<3, the ``turning point'' moves inside the inelastic region, and the equation has multivalued solutions. Thus the present method cannot be applied to those cases with very large induced electric field and small degree...


Early in the Boris Godunov seminar, Leeore Schnairsohn (a second-year graduate student in Comparative Literature) commented in one of his critiques on the openness or "eternal present" implied in Pushkin's famous final stage direction, narod bezmolvstvuet. He had been struck by the ambivalence, or better multi-valence, of that silence. An aggressive prompt to cheer the new tsar had elicited no response. But perhaps that silence was the response: "the absence of a positive gesture leaves open the question not only of whether the people's silence is action or inaction, but also whether their gesture is fulfilled or still nascent." Schnairsohn took Belinsky's reading of Pushkin's mute closing gesture one step further, suggesting that one effect of such a sudden stoppage or bewildered silence is to "bring the audience's present moment in line with the drama's, because bezmolvstvovat' is precisely what the audience has been doing all along, and now suddenly it's the same silence, the same moment, on both sides of the curtain." In the final moments of the Princeton production, after the successful double murder high up on the scaffolding, this radical equalization of on-and off-stage audiences was achieved by turning the glare of searchlights directly into the hall from the back of the blood-red, bungee-filled stage. It was a Meyerholdian moment--although not, of course, unique to his modernist theater. From today's perspective, our knowledge of post-1936 events in Stalinist Russia lends this indictment a meaning it could not have had in its own time. Throughout the final public-square scenes, beginning with the ominous, wordless rhythmic chanting of the male chorus and reinforced by a pulsating orchestra, horror had been growing apace with powerlessness. When Tsar Boris, already two scenes dead, reappears in company costume as a bullying Guard on the Pretender's side, history begins to blend with symbols of arbitrary, interchangeable violence. And when Lily the Holy Fool reappears as a beggar asking the imprisoned Godunov children for alms, the logic behind these twenty-five scenes of multiple casting is driven home: the Boris Tale, like all reality in Pushkin's poetic shaping of it, deals in functions and parallel structures as much as in human beings. People are precise and unrepeatable as themselves; they believe they are free. But their fate moves only one way and the cumulative effect of their movements will reveal a magnificent pattern. Part of the shock of Pushkin's abrupt, non-sentimental endings--Book Eight of Evgenii Onegin as well as the final scene of Boris Godunov--is that the author simply "takes his leave" once the symmetry has been realized. He walks away, with the benumbed heroes, readers, and spectators on their knees and in the spotlight. They must do something: but what? For a long half-minute, the audience endured discomfort under that scorching light and the company remained frozen on stage (the 1830 ending). Then the play delivered its authentic, original 1825 end: rhythmic clapping on stage and an ever louder, more strident "Long Live Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich!" In some of our performances, the audience joined in, clapping and chanting; in others, the hall continued silently to "watch." The Guard who was also Tsar Boris initiated the cheer. A total blackout put an end to it. What was the mood of that crowd in 1605, looking toward the Kremlin? Cynical and opportunistic? Manipulated and naively optimistic? Genuinely optimistic that once the traitors and pretenders were purged, Russia would recover her former glory? From our present-day perspective, similarities between the texture of this power-savvy, symmetrical 1825 ending and the black comedy of 1936-37 are easy to see. The mortality rate of the Pushkin Jubilee projects was high. Only recently, however, have the finer details of those lethal years begun to emerge. One piece fell in place during the keynote address that opened the scholarly symposium on the day of the Boris premiere, April 12, delivered by the Canadian-Russian scholar Leonid Maximenkov and titled "Meyerhold and his World (1929-1940). …


This paper describes a method of reconstruction of digital contents. Recently, a lot of libraries and museums digitize documents or objects, and construct digital archival systems. However, most of them do not make an advantage of digital contents. We take context of annuals of Asian affairs to pieces, and rearrange the pieces by relating same subject between headlines and texts. As a result, we showed the method generated new contexts which the documents have originally.


The ecological footprint model is a good tool to measure sustainable development and can objectively show the status quo of sustainable development.Comparison of per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological bearing capacity of Shaanxi Province during 1999-2005 finds that the economic and social development of Shaanxi Province has ecological deficit and that the development of Shaanxi is at the price of excessive exploitation of resources and,especially,that the excessive exploitation of reproducing resources such as grassland and non-reproducing resources such as coal,petroleum and natural gas is worse.


Using 383×106 BB pairs from the BABAR data sample, we report results for branching fractions of six charged B-meson decay modes, where a charged kaon recoils against a charmless resonance decaying to KK* or ηππ final states with mass in the range (1.2-1.8)GeV/c2. We observe a significant enhancement at the low KK* invariant mass which is interpreted as B+→η(1475)K+, find evidence for the decay B+→η(1295)K+, and place upper limits on the decays B+→η(1405) K+, B+→f1(1285)K+, B+→f1(1420)K+, and B+→(1680)K+. © 2008 The American Physical Society.