Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually is associated with a rapid ventricular rate. The optimal heart rate (HR) during AF is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives Heart rate affects survival in dogs with chronic AF. Animals Forty‐six dogs with AF and 24‐hour ambulatory recordings were evaluated. Methods Retrospective study. Holter‐derived HR variables were analyzed as follows: mean HR (meanHR, 24‐hour average), minimum HR (minHR, 1‐minute average), maximum HR (maxHR, 1‐minute average). Survival times were recorded from the time of presumed adequate rate control. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR <125 bpm versus ≥125 bpm. Results All 46 dogs had structural heart disease; 31 of 46 had congestive heart failure (CHF), 44 of 46 received antiarrhythmic drugs. Of 15 dogs with cardiac death, 14 had CHF. Median time to all‐cause death was 524 days (Interquartile range (IQR), 76–1,037 days). MeanHR was 125 bpm (range, 62–203 bpm), minHR was 82 bpm (range, 37–163 bpm), maxHR was 217 bpm (range, 126–307 bpm). These were significantly correlated with all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. For every 10 bpm increase in meanHR, the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 35% (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.17–1.55; P < 0.001). Median survival time of dogs with meanHR<125 bpm (n = 23) was significantly longer (1,037 days; range, 524‐open) than meanHR ≥125 bpm (n = 23; 105 days; range, 67–267 days; P = 0.0012). Mean HR was independently associated with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.003). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Holter‐derived meanHR affects survival in dogs with AF. Dogs with meanHR <125 bpm lived longer than those with meanHR ≥ 125 bpm.


It is one of the most serious problems facing Egyptian agriculture, which is working to eat agricultural area Where farmland represents one of the most important agricultural economic resources in the provision of food, where is the problem of constant encroachment on farmland and converted from agricultural use to other uses of non-farm as the total agricultural land has been encroached upon construction during the period Area (1983 - 2010) about 64 Thousand acres in addition to the encroachment on about 38.46 thousand acres since the wealth of January 25, 2011 until 28/9/2014, which led to a decline in the average per capita agricultural land in Egypt from about 0.133 acres / population in 1983 to about 0.112 acres / people in 2011, was where the study problem in increasing encroachment on the land Agricultural Giza especially governorate Doanh the post-January 25 Revolution 2010 study was conducted to identify the effects of Aguetsadahoalajtmaih leveling farmland in Giza Governorate 2017 season. Where the characteristics and motives of the establishment of private projects and land has been identified, and this motivation strengthens the doctrine of the importance of infringement by seeing others from projects that are based on their negative impact on the neighboring lands of the project, especially if the success of the project and the desire to imitate this behavior or create a new project The previous project, whether through raw materials or taking advantage of the product of the former resident on the lands beyond it, which sees the oppressor as an incentive for the tradition and Altadam on the infringement of the other and waiting for what happened to him before the establishment of a plant on the land beyond it and did not see the behavior of Alchk Meh it packs serious and immediate accountability and behavior, whether or removal or punishment Salehbh both. It was concluded that the owners of the first Mivkron project is the amount of income obtained by the search for the compensation of what was obtained before the establishment of the project and shows the table what the project owner gets from the agricultural land before the establishment of the project and the income obtained after the establishment of the project and depends on the difference in income, The project, where it was found that the owner of a poultry farm was obtained on average on 94.4 pounds / month as the value of rent or equivalent percentage of the crops produced from the area on which the project is established (poultry farm, which is 5.28 i), while the increase rose to 12.3 thousand pounds, increase of about 13.56% than once The average monthly income before the establishment of the stadium amounted to about 193 pounds / month, which rose about 8 thousand pounds / month, an increase of about 4145% of what was obtained of the agricultural land, while the income of the owner of the wedding hall before the establishment of about 113.3 pounds / month of agricultural land, while the rise to about 4 thousand pounds from the wedding hall, an increase of 3530% of what was obtained from the ground. Although the satisfaction of the projects on the land above it is much higher than the return of agricultural land, this high return of projects does not correspond to the degree of food deprivation for future generations as a result of conversion of agricultural land to special projects in all wars and the occurrence of fodder or influence the political decision to import food and provide of society as a whole.


What is Conversation? Distinguishing Dialogue Contexts Arash Eshghi (email@example.com) Queen Mary University of London Interaction, Media and Communication Research Group School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Mile End Road, London E1 4NS Patrick G.T. Healey (firstname.lastname@example.com) Queen Mary University of London Interaction, Media and Communication Research Group School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Mile End Road, London E1 4NS Abstract Conversations are a basic unit of analysis in studies of human interaction. These units are conventionally distinguished by reference to the set of ratified participants who take part, of- ten by appeal to their physical proximity/orientation. We show that within such conversational units there are distinct dialogue contexts which are more fine-grained than this. We present experimental evidence that demonstrates how these dialogue contexts are distinguished not in terms of topic but in terms of the participants who are actively contributing. More specifi- cally, we show that changes in the set of primary participants alters how easily participants can access a prior turn in the con- versation using a context dependent elliptical expression. So even within small groups of fully ratified participants, distinct dialogue contexts, indexed to specific sets of participants, can emerge. This leads to the idea that in multi-party dialogue, context/adjacency has a tree like structure, so that under cer- tain conditions, presented here, utterances on either side of a sub-dialogue (a stretch of talk during which the set of primary participants remains unchanged) can be regarded as 'pragmat- ically next' to each other. This has implications for our un- derstanding of how conversations are structured and for how models of dialogue track what is salient for whom at any given point in conversation. Keywords: Conversation, Dialogue, Multi-party Interaction, Ellipsis, Adjacency Structure Motivation Theories of human interaction use the notion of 'conversa- tion' as a basic building block. It groups together the sets of people, utterances, gestures or other communicative signals which are considered together in an analysis. In the case of two-person, dyadic, interactions this choice is relatively un- problematic. However, in gatherings of three or more people the boundaries between conversations become both more im- portant for understanding the structure of the unfolding inter- action and more difficult to track. Conversation as a unit has typically been defined in terms of physical criteria that are intended to capture who the rati- fied participants are (i.e. those who are officially part of the conversation). For example, Goffman (1981), one of the first researchers to recognise the problems created by multi-party interactions, highlighted the way physical orientation, move- ment and the use of 'ritual brackets' such as greetings and farewells can mark the boundaries of interaction. Kendon (1990) described more subtle ways in which people use body position and orientation to maintain interactional units or 'F- formations'. An F-formation is also a ratificational device. Think for example of how a group standing together in a cir- cle may or may not move aside to 'let another person in'. Such gatherings are instances of what Goffman (1963) and Goodwin (1981) called focused encounters, in which partici- pants work to maintain a joint focus of attention. Even within a single focused encounter different partic- ipants may stand in different relations to each contribution (Goffman, 1981). For example one person may be the direct addressee of a joke that is designed to mock another person standing next to them (the non-addressed recipient or 'side- participant'). It is known that these differences in participant status can lead to systematically different patterns of com- mon ground being established between the different parties to a conversation (Schober & Clark, 1989; Wilkes-Gibbs & Clark, 1992). These observations have important ramifications for formal and computational theories of discourse and dialogue that aim to characterise syntactic and semantic dependencies across multiple turns, i.e. how a contribution relates to the prior con- text of the dialogue (e.g. (Ginzburg, 1996; Kamp & Reyle, 1993)). For these theories it is critical to be able to specify what constitutes the shared context for a conversation. To clarify what is at issue, consider the representation of context in Ginzburg's KoS framework (Ginzburg, 1996). This has 3 components: FACTS (the set of propositions mutually accepted/believed so far by the participants), QUD (Ques- tions Under Discussion) and LatestMove. QUD is a partially ordered set of questions that are salient or currently under discussion. This is meant to capture the highly constrained set of 'next moves' that a participant can felicitously choose from. In particular, utterances need to be 'specific' to a salient question in QUD. So we may say that context is shared if the same set of constraints/obligations are imposed on what each participant can say/do next, i.e. the participants in question have the same discursive potential at that point. In multi- party dialogues, it is clear that differences in participant sta- tus, result in different sets of obligations for the participants (see (Ginzburg & Fernandez, 2005) for more detail), and ac- cordingly, also affects the acceptability - in terms of relative


Lake Gusinoe is the second largest lake in the Baikal Natural Area (after Lake Baikal). The conducted research presents current water flora and the spatial pattern of vegetation at Lake Gusinoe mainly depend on the littoral structure and anthropogenic stressors. Macrophytes grow up to the depth of 13.0 m on the southwestern shore of the lake. In the other part of the lake, the plants are observed at 8.5-11.0 m. The littoral zone to the depth of 11 m occupies 50.7 per cent of total area of the lake. At present, the reduced areas of Ph. australis are detected with small groups of P. crispus, P. pectinatus on the western shore at the depth of 1.5 m. P. praelongus communities are only found in the littoral opposite the Tobkhor River. Generally, Charophyte and Bryophyta remain predominant in the lake as registered in the previous years. Presumably, the benthic vegetation complex contributes to a stable ecological status. Overgrowing Charophyta and Bryophyta maintain the self-purification of the ecosystem.


Abstract Disability-free survival (DFS), defined as survival free of disability and dementia was the primary outcome measure of the ASPREE clinical trial. As previously reported, there was no benefit of low dose aspirin on the primary end point of dementia, physical disability or death, but bleeding risks were increased. In total, 1,835 participants reached the primary endpoint, confirmed amongst approximately 3,000 who had triggered for one of the end-points. Dementia was the most labor intensive component of DFS. Several previous primary prevention aspirin studies had identified a reduction of vascular events counterbalanced by an increase in serious bleeding, leaving the question of net outcome to an intuitive decision. DFS was chosen because it balances the positive and negative effects of a preventive drug such as aspirin. It also encapsulates the primary purpose of a preventive drug in older people i.e., to prolong a healthy lifespan rather than prevent a defined disease.


METHODS: Twenty voluntary Mexican College football players participated in the study. Informed consents were signed. Athletes were divided according to their play position into two groups: Lineman (LM) and No-Lineman (NL). Direct VO 2max was measured through open-circuit spirometry by indirect calorimetry during a maximal graduated exercise test, using the Bruce protocol. The first indirect measurement (FIM) was performed using the Bruce protocol equation [VO 2max (mL . kg . min) = 14.8 1.379 (time in min) + 0.451 (time) 0.012 (time)] for a maximal graduated exercise test. The second indirect measurement (SIM) was taken using the ACSM ́s running metabolic equation [VO 2max (mL . kg . min) = 0.2 (speed) + 0.9 (speed) (fractional grade) + 3.5)] in the 1.5-mile run test. VO2max comparisons were made using Sperman ́s correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: : LM ́s direct VO 2max (34.77 ± 10.41 mL . kg . min) was lower than NL ́s direct VO2max (46.82 ± 4.41 mL . kg . min). Regarding, FIM of LM (32.56 ± 7.67 mL . kg . min) and SIM of LM (36.87 ± 5.18 mL . kg . min) both of them were lower than FIM of NL (42.56 ± 3.74 mL . kg . min) and SIM of NL (45.96 ± 4.84 mL . kg . min). Correlations between direct VO 0.78 (p<0.05) and NL ́s SIM 0.73 (p<0.05). and indirect VO 2max were as follows: LM ́s FIM= 0.79 (p<0.05), LM ́s SIM= 0.63 (p<0.05), NL ́s FIM= 0.78 (p<0.05) and NL ́s SIM 0.73 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Indirect measurements of VO 2max can be used reliably to determine Mexican College football player's aerobic capacity when it is not possible or feasible to measure VO 2max direct.


An approximate method that can be used to determine displacements and member forces of multiple-bay frames is presented. The method utilizes simple continuum models. Finite-element representations of building frameworks resulting from continuum methodology require significantly fewer degrees of freedom than classical discrete finite-element models, which individually model each of the beam and column elements. As a result, the use of continuum models to analyze structures can result in considerable savings in terms of computational effort. This makes the method attractive for use in the analysis of large frames, especially during the preliminary design stage. This paper reviews the continuum methodology and presents a method for computing discrete element forces from the continuum element displacements. In determining element forces, the effects of deep-beam-type cross-sectional warping are approximated. Examples including the analysis of fixed- and pinned-base single- and multiple-bay plane frames illustrate the accuracy of the continuum analyses procedure.


The research project "Improved Signal Performance Data for Smartphones" involves collecting and analyzing data from a smartphone's available connections and making the information available in a simple application interface. Due to the data collection/analysis and iOS system framework, several ethical and professional issues will be encountered ranging from individual privacy to company standards/guidelines. These conflicts are addressed, and solutions are provided, along with researching into similar situations that others have reported. By making comparisons between this project and similar approaches, professional and ethical areas of concern can be addressed early into development, or completely avoided. The research project course was properly setup to provide a time frame, due dates, and guidelines for implementing each stage of the project. Project goals are explored in detail. All required components for the project implementation are listed, along with their functionality and availability for use. The final product was a program that accurately derived various characteristic from connections and displayed this data in tables and graphs for consumers to make use of. Thesis Mentor:________________________ Dr. Fernando Rios-Gutierrez Honors Director:_______________________ Dr. Steven Engel April 2020 Electrical and Computer Engineering University Honors Program Georgia Southern University


Resonant soft x-ray absorption measurements at the O K edge on a SrMnO3/LaMnO3 superlattice show a shoulder at the energy of doped holes, which corresponds to the main peak of resonant scattering from the modulation in the doped hole density. Scattering line shape at the Mn L3,2 edges has a strong variation below the ferromagnetic transition temperature. This variation has a period equal to half the superlattice superperiod and follows the development of the ferromagnetic moment, pointing to a ferromagnetic phase developing at the interfaces. It occurs at the resonant energies for Mn3+ and Mn4+ valences. A model for these observations is presented, which includes a double-exchange two-site orbital and the variation with temperature of the hopping frequency tij between the two sites.


The flow properties in the test section and plenum chamber of arc-heated plasma jet wind tunnel are studied mainly by a spectroscopic technique. Measured properties are electronic excitation and electron temperatures, and electron density, and it is shown that electronic excitation and electron temperatures do not equilibrate with the heavy particle temperature. It is demonstrated that the electron density in the plenum chamber is considerably larger than what can be deduced from the electron density in the test section by assuming the frozen isentropic nozzle flow. Rotational temperature of 2 nd positive system (0,0) band of N2 which is premixed in the argon plasma jet is also measured, but the details will be reported in the subsequent paper.


We define observability and detectability for linear switching systems as the possibility of reconstructing and respectively of asymptotically reconstructing the hybrid state of the system from the knowledge of the output for a suitable choice of the control input. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for observability that can be verified computationally. A characterization of control inputs ensuring observability of switching systems is given. Moreover, we prove that checking detectability of a linear switching system is equivalent to checking asymptotic stability of a suitable switching system with guards extracted from it, thus providing interesting links to Kalman decomposition and the theory of stability of hybrid systems.


Internal rate of return is an important indicator to evaluate the financial profitability and feasibility of the project. Currently, the prevailing algorithm is to use linear interpolation to approximate its value, but it will take large amount of calculation and low accuracy. Therefore, the article introduces the dichotomy to achieve fast convergence of estimated range and further completes the final operation with the computer technology programming. The actual shows that internal rate of return calculation based on dichotomy and computer technology is simple, effective, and high accuracy.


Credit imperfection is a problem to be solved urgently in our economic life.Considering the different causes of credit imperfection,we should enhance credit consciousness,make credit environment better,set up credit corpus,perfect credit system and tighten credit system to build a good social credit atmosphere,adopt the tendency of economic globalization and promote our marketlization.


The calyptraeid gastropod Crepidula fornicata is native to the eastern coast of the United States but has now become an extremely successful invader along much of the European coastline. As the northern limit of its spread is thought to be determined by an inability of adults to tolerate prolonged exposure to low winter temperatures, this study sought to compare the fecundity of females collected from two sites along the Norwegian coastline with that of females collected from Rhode Island, USA. Few other studies have compared the fecundities of marine invertebrates from invasive populations with those found in native populations. For both populations studied, fecundities increased with increasing shell length. However, contrary to expectations, size-related fecundities were significantly higher for Norwegian females than for Rhode Island females, with Norwegian females producing larger egg capsules and a greater number of embryos per capsule, but not a greater number of egg capsules per brood. Current evidence suggests that at the northern extreme of its invaded range, the fecundity of C. fornicata is increased rather than compromised.


Bulukumba is a malaria endemic area in South Sulawesi with malaria cases reported annually, An.barbirostris as a potential vector of malaria in the area. This study aims to analyze habitat characteristics with a density of An. barbirostris larvae The method used is an observational study with ecological survey design through the cross-sectional approach of samples in the form of Anopheles larvae habitat. Bivariate analysis shows physical, chemical, and biological environmental factors. water temperature significant to the density of larva An.barbirostris with p-value = 0,002. Multivariate test using linear regression to know the most influential variables, it is known that the variables that have the most influence on the density of larvae An. barbirostris in endemic area Bulukumba is water temperature p = 0,002. Environmental factors such as salinity, aquatic plant, plants around, predators and crops along with water temperature are factors that support the density of An. barbirostris larvae Control can be done with environmental management, especially interventions on Anopheles sp larvae breeding habitat, by sowing predator fish seeds, habitat modification and manipulation. modification of anopheles habitat by covering habitats and carrying out development can reduce larval nutrition so as to reduce carbon in the soil which results in a decrease in larval density.


EPR Investigations of Ring Chlorinated 4-Dimethylaminophenylcations

The influence of the position and the number of chlorine atoms in the ring of 4-dimethylaminophenylcations on the zero-field-splitting(zfs) parameter Dis investigated. It was found that the π-donor ability of the chlorine atom(s) ind 2(6)-position(s) increases the zfs parameter D. In the case of 3(5)-substitution the value of D decreases because of the steric hindrance of the dimethylamino-group.


By publishing his monograph, the Reformed exegete Houtman has put into focus the theological question about Scripture in relation to Revelation and Tradition. This question plays a role within Catholic theology as well. This article discusses the parallels between Houtman's view and Catholic theology, and their mutual challenges. The theological issues Revelation and Tradition are dealt with in detail, and liturgy is added as a typically Catholic field of reception concerning the revelation-tradition theology.


Low back pain has for long been associated with the lumbar spine biomechanics. A three dimensional model of segments L2 to L5 of lumbar spine is generated form CT images of a healthy human male. Hounsfield units of the image slices are used to derive material properties throughout the 3D model. This model is subjected to finite element analysis to study stresses developed during naturally found loading phenomena. The stresses developed both for flexion and extension are found to be highest in the pedicle region. Also, while flexion produces more stress concentrations, extension balances the compressive body weight, thereby reducing the stress levels. Keyword Lumbar Spine, Biomechanics, Finite Element Analysis.


I first knew Roger Laufer in the mid 'fifties before any of us realised the fire that burned within. I was an undergraduate student and he was a lecteur de francais, overtly not particularly enamoured of the conversation classes and, latterly, basic literary classes (at last with the grade of Lecturer) he was asked to undertake. He found himself in a very traditional French department, which put great stress on a technical proficiency that is not to be underrated but very little on achievements in research. Why he came to Australia is a question none of my informants appear to be able to answer, except that teaching in Bar-le-Duc may well have seemed less attractive than an Australian university after sojourns in the United States and Britain. His original training had been, as Wallace Kirsop points out in the obituary he wrote for an earlier number of AJFS (50: 3), in English studies, with a sprinkling of French lettres classiques. So the stage did not seem set for the important and influential career as a teacher, a scholar, an administrator and an academic publisher, that brought so much to the Australian French studies scene but also introduced the French establishment to approaches pioneered here.


We investigate properties of plasma turbulence from magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) to sub-ion scales by means of two-dimensional, high-resolution hybrid particle-in-cell simulations. We impose an initial ambient magnetic field perpendicular to the simulation box, and we add a spectrum of large-scale magnetic and kinetic fluctuations with energy equipartition and vanishing correlation. Once the turbulence is fully developed, we observe an MHD inertial range, where the spectra of the perpendicular magnetic field and the perpendicular proton bulk velocity fluctuations exhibit power-law scaling with spectral indices of − 5 / 3 ?> and − 3 / 2 , ?> respectively. This behavior is extended over a full decade in wavevectors and is very stable in time. A transition is observed around proton scales. At sub-ion scales, both spectra steepen, with the former still following a power law with a spectral index of ∼ − 3 . ?> A − 2.8 ?> slope is observed in the density and parallel magnetic fluctuations, highlighting the presence of compressive effects at kinetic scales. The spectrum of the perpendicular electric fluctuations follows that of the proton bulk velocity at MHD scales, and flattens at small scales. All these features, which we carefully tested against variations of many parameters, are in good agreement with solar wind observations. The turbulent cascade leads to on overall proton energization with similar heating rates in the parallel and perpendicular directions. While the parallel proton heating is found to be independent on the resistivity, the number of particles per cell, and the resolution employed, the perpendicular proton temperature strongly depends on these parameters.


Purpose – Disabled people who are the end‐users (EU) of health services have a poor record of inclusion, yet a major stake in the quality of scientific research that informs the development of health knowledge and interventions. In traditional rehabilitation research it has been the researcher who sets the agenda, including determining the research question, study design and methods, and who controls dissemination of findings. This paper aims to describe the development of an EU research consultation committee and to describe the evaluation protocol used to assess the effectiveness of the committee.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes the context and development of an EU research consultation committee (the committee) to promote collaboration between researchers and lay‐EUs within a research organization in New Zealand. It also describes the qualitative evaluation protocol to be used to assess the effectiveness of the committee over the first 12 months of operation in order to refine its proc...


Zinc hydroxychloride II [Zn5(OH)8Cl2 · 1 H20] was synthesized from ZnO and ZnClj. The symmetry is rhombohedral with aB = 6.34 ± 0.01, cB = 23.64 ± 0.02 Ä; space group JD^—J?Sm; Ζ = 3 formula units per threefold-primitive hexagonal cell. Patterson and Fourier projections yielded the atomic positions: Zni = 9e, Zn" = 6c (z = 0.0721 ± 0.0004), CI = 6c (z = 0.1708 ± 0.0013), O'H = 18A (χ = 0.179 ± 0.005, ζ = 0.0532 ± 0.0013), 0 " H = 6c (z = 0.3820 ± 0.0013), HjOi" = 3b with S x (Okkl) = 0.154 and R^hki0) = 0.123. — The structure is of the layer type and may be derived from a hypothetical C6-Zn(OH)2 structure. Within one composite layer, 60% of the Zn atoms are octahedrally (Zn1) and 40°/o tetrahedrally (Zn11, above and below the Zn1 plane) coordinated; coordination and interatomic distances indicate that the zinc octahedral bonds (Zn—Ο = 2.16, 2.17 A) are predominantly ionic in nature and that the tetrahedral bonds (Zn—Ο = 2.02 Ä, Zn—CI = 2.33 A) contain an appreciable amount of covalent character. The structure consists of these composite layers following the rhombohedral repeat scheme; they are held together by Ο—Η · • · Ο = 2.79 A and Ο—Η · · · CI = 3.09 A bonds (all ± 0.05 A). * Mitt. Nr. 91. Abteilung für Kristallographie und Strukturlehre. — Auszug aus der Inauguraldissertation von J . N. SILVERMAN, Bern 1956. — Vorläufige Mitteilungen: Die Kristallstruktur von basischem Zinkchlorid II. Chimia 10 (1956) 269; Verhandlungen der Schweiz. Naturf. Ges. Basel 1956, 102—104; Angew. Chemie 68 (1956) 765; The crystal structure of zinc hydroxychloride II. Acta Crystallogr. 10 (1957) 787; Fortschr. Min. 35 (1957) 53. — Die für diese Publikation nötigen chemischen Arbeiten wurden im Institut für anorganische, analytische und physikalische Chemie der Universität Bern (Prof. Dr. W. FEITKNECHT) ausgeführt. ** Jetzige Adresse: University of Texas, Department of Theoretical Physics, Avistin (Texas), U.S.A. 22 W E R X E R X O W A C K I u n d J E R E M I A H X . S I L V E R M A N


This paper deals with the choice of dynamics in spatial simulation and modelling. In economical context, N agents choose between two technological standards according to a local assignment rule. The adoption dynamics is sequential if the choices are made one after the other; it is synchronous or partially synchronous if all or some part of the agents choose simultanously. This paper points out differences between the three dynamics, especially in their evolution.


This course is devoted to the music of the first half of the twentieth century until the present day. This course will deal with analysis of both the production processes and the modes of reception of various works in this time period. Due to the large amount of political, technological and social changes that took place during the first half of the twentieth century it is impossible to cover every important musical development in this period. Therefore, it is important not only to study and analyze the assigned works but also to acquire a larger outlook about the time period and musical environment in which the works were created. In this way, we will deal with aspects of social, political, scientific and cultural history as well as with note-based music analysis. Classroom participation is an essential part of this class. Course Materials A course packet, containing the various works to be studied is available in the bookstore. "Twentieth Century Music" by Robert Morgan is the textbook for the class. Other readings will be assigned in the course of the semester. Course Policies 1) Attendance is mandatory. Please advise me ahead of time if you cannot attend a class. Acceptable reasons for not being able to attend are 1) A medical emergency involving you or a member of your family: you are required to provide a medical note, dated, from a physician 2) A car accident or breakdown: provide a note/documentation (dated) from the towing or car repair business that took care of your vehicle 3) Jury duty or other official obligations: provide a note/documentation (dated) from the concerned authorities 4) Death in the family: missing classes due to attendance at a funeral must be accounted for by a published funeral announcement and documentation of your relationship with the deceased. Please note that he calendar states "Students are expected to attend all classes in which they are enrolled." and "An instructor may refuse a student admission to a lecture or laboratory because of lateness, misconduct, inattention or failure to meet the responsibilities of the course. Students who neglect their academic work, including assignments, may be refused permission to write the final examination in a course." http://web.uvic.ca/calendar2013/FACS/UnIn/UARe/Atte.html 2) At the beginning of every class students are required to hand in a signed index card with your name, student number, date of class, and one question that arose from the class readings for that week. I will use these cards to track student attendance. Each card is worth a percentage of your participation grade


Evidence exists thata norepinephrine/ prostaglandin E2(PGE2)/cAMP pathway isinvolved inthe regulation ofluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) secretion. Theaimofthepresent experiments wastodetermine ifrelease ofLHRHfromtheimmature rathypothalamus could also bestimulated byactivation ofprotein kinase C.Median eminences from28-day-old female rats wereincubated invitro witheither dioctanoylglycerol (asynthetic diacylglycerol that selectively activates protein kinase C inintact cells) or4fi- phorbol 12(-myristate 13a-acetate (another protein kinase C activator). Bothagents increased LHRHrelease, theresponse todioctanoylglycerol being morepronounced thanthat tothe phorbol ester. This direct activation ofprotein kinase Cwasnot accompanied bychanges inPGE2formation. Activation ofthe PGE2/cAMP pathway byeither norepinephrine, PGE2,or forskolin (astimulator ofadenylate cyclase) increased LHRH release. Dioctanoylglycerol orphorbol ester inconjunction with either norepinephrine, PGE2, orforskolin resulted inan additive effect onLHRHrelease suggesting coexistence ofboth pathways. Phospholipase C,which activates protein kinase C viaformation ofdiacylglycerol, increased therelease ofboth LHRHandPGE2. This suggests that anincrease inendogenous phospholipase C activity caused byneurotransmitter inputs mayleadtobothactivation ofprotein kinase C andPGE2 formation. Blockade ofcyclooxygenase activity byindometh- acin obliterated phospholipase C-induced PGE2release. The sametreatment reduced theLHRH response byonly50% indicating that protein kinase C activation cancause LHRH release intheabsence ofPGE2synthesis. Itissuggested that the median eminence oftheratpossesses aprotein kinase C- dependent pathway that iscoupled positively toLHRHrelease andcomplements PGE2/cAMP-dependent mechanisms. Nor- epinephrine, however, doesnotappear tobetheneurotrans- mitter responsible foractivating theprotein kinase Cpathway. Simultaneous activation ofbothpathways mayprovide a mechanism bywhichalarge increase inLHRH secretion occurs, suchasintheafternoon offirst proestrus. Theintracellular mechanism bywhichnorepinephrine (NE) elicits luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) re-


This research focuses on the issue of contribution of love to revival in the novel entitled If I Stay byGayle Forman (2009). Sociology theory was used for analyzing this novel. This research aimed at analyzing the indicators of love to revival in the character Mia, how the depiction of love by people who love Mia, and the reason of the auhor adressing the topic of love in this novel. The researcher used primary data and secondary data sources. The primary data was the novel entitled If I Stay and e-books which related with the issue, dictionaries, and website relates information needed as the secondary data. There are three main findings in this novel. First, there are found four indicators of love such as care, understanding, respect, and responsible. Second, the author delivers issue about the depictionof love to revival through characters, events, setting of place, and style in the novel. Third, the author addresses the topic of love with the reason that she believes that love is the important things that can make other people spirit. And also the decision to choose stay alive or death by existence of love, lose, and family.
Key word: contribution of love, revival, Gayle Forman, sociological perspective


In the vicinity of Site Dobroe on the right bank of the Voronezh River it was discovered an accumulation of the Neolithic monuments, on the three of which the Early Neolithic pottery of the Srednedonskaya culture of the VI millennium BC was received. At the Site Dobroe 9, a homogeneous lithological layer was revealed, containing only the materials of this culture: pottery, bones, stone products. At the moment, 99 sq.m. of the site were researched by the excavations. The date of the pottery collection of the site was established as the last quarter of the VI millennium BC. In author's opinion the given ceramics has the transitional character from the early Srednedonskaya culture phase, featuring ceramics decorated mainly with triangular pins, to the late phase of this culture, where the comb imprint decoration becomes widespread. The use of geochemical methods allowed the authors to reconstruct the features of the paleoclimate. During the existence of the representatives of the Srednedonskaya Neolithic culture, cool climatic conditions are replaced by warming and humidity increases. There was an increase in anthropogenic activity. This lithologically homogeneous cultural layer is dated-6150±100 BP (5317-4839 calBC) SPb-2840. This stone industry is represented by the flake technique. In total 207 stone artifacts were discovered, and 65 from them were tools. Such a small number probably indicates a high level of the industries that replace them: bone-carving and woodworking. The analysis of the faunal collection suggests the dominant role of the hunting in the ancient population.


Martin Heidegger's "Being and Time" (first published in 1927) is an exploration of the meaning of being as defined by temporality, and is an analysis of time as a horizon for the understanding of being. Heidegger presents his view of philosophy as phenomenological ontology, beginning with the hermeneutics of "Da-sein" (there-being). Da-sein is a term used by Heidegger to refer to being which understands its own being. Da-sein is conscious being, and is the kind of consciousness which belongs to human beings. Heidegger argues that Da-sein has both an ontic (existential) and ontological priority over other kinds of being. Da-sein is a kind of being which can understand the existence of beings other than itself. Thus, the ontic and ontological structure of Da-sein is the foundation for every other kind of being.


Through the kindness of H. R. Crane and the Radiocarbon Laboratory, Michigan Memorial, Phoenix Project, ages of 2 samples of charcoal submitted by us have been determined. The samples in question were secured by us at the Smith Farm, Ellsworth Falls, Maine, during the summers of 1949 and 1950. Sample M89 was run twice and assays at 4150±450, and 3800±400, average 3959 ±310 or 2005 B.C. Sample M90 assays at 3350 + 400 or 1400 B.C. These samples were gathered and brought in under circumstances that would be frowned on today. Pieces of charcoal were put in cloth specimen bags which had been used several times and laundered in a washing machine. Workers had not at that time received instructions regarding methods and containers, and it is certain that some of the pieces were brought in in sandwich bags. Whatever the method of collecting, results are consistent with other radiocarbon dates for comparable horizons in the northeast.


Amaranthus hybridus constitutes a major part of the diet of the people in the middle and southern parts of Nigeria, where they are mostly used in soups. This study was carried out to screen for bioactive agents, minerals using standard procedures as well as show in vitro antioxidant activity using reducing power and DPPH scavenging assays. The result of screened phytochemicals showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins while reducing power and DPPH scavenging assays shows a concentration dependent increase as the concentration increased from 0.2mg/ml to 1.0mg/ml. Vitamin C content was found to be 154 ± 8.76mg/100g. Of the minerals in mg/kg, calcium was higher in concentration (3206 ± 15.10) while chromium was least in concentration (6.80 ± 2.01). Other minerals present were magnesium (1536 ± 11.34), potassium (1324 ± 11.06), sodium (690.50 ± 8.21), iron (367.90 ± 7.02), zinc (40.70 ± 3.22), copper (18.10 ± 2.02) and manganese (12.10 ± 2.31). The presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids as well as minerals, Vitamin C and in vitro antioxidants activities in Amarantus hybridus leaves contributes to their medicinal and health benefits


The temporal variation of the energy of positive ions deposited in metal electrodes inserted in a plasma to which a negative voltage step is applied is computed. Effects of impurity positive or negative ions upon the plasma source ion implantation process are calculated.


The number of private standards and their influence on trade have risen steadily since the early 1990s under the combined forces of globalization, policy liberalization, changing consumer preferences and progress in information technology. There is a wide array of private standards, each with its own objectives, scope, advantages and constraints, which makes it difficult to treat these standards as a homogeneous category. The type of organization that develops the standard and the development process may have significant implications for the standard's suitability to producers. It is difficult to assess the market penetration of private standards, as national customs agencies do not monitor this information. However, there is evidence that the market for foods certified to private standards has expanded rapidly over the past decade, in particular in the fair-trade and organic sectors. Private standards may benefit producers through more efficient management, cost reduction, improved market access and enhanced product quality and corporate image. Labour standards may reduce worker turnover, absenteeism and accident and sickness rates, thereby reducing costs and raising productivity. Compliance with environmental standards may improve the management of natural resources on which farmer livelihoods depend. They may lead to better health conditions for farmers and farm workers and enhance relations with the local community. In addition to the above benefits, some standards may have a direct value-adding effect by enabling producers to obtain higher sale prices. However, private standards raise a number of issues due to the nature of their ownership and their development process, which is seldom sufficiently participatory, transparent and based on scientific evidence. As a result, some standard requirements and indicators may not be suitable to all producers, especially for those who are outside the area where the standard was originally developed. Complying with some private standards and demonstrating compliance requires substantial capital, time and skills. Yet, the value generated by the standard tends to be captured by downstream market operators, in particular large-scale retailers, and only a small share accrues to producers. The problem is compounded when the standard is de facto mandatory because a majority of large buyers demand it. As a result, small-scale producers run the risk of being excluded from high-value markets. This problem is particularly acute for developing countries due to the lack of infrastructure and public finance to help domestic producers adopt standards. Finally, private standards may compete with government regulations and be more demanding in both stringency and scope than regulations without clear justification. Some critics have argued that they undermine the multilateral trading system and intergovernmental standard setting bodies. Yet, some issues could be addressed by involving the main stakeholders in a transparent standard development process, basing the standard's requirements on scientific evidence and internationally agreed standards and focusing on desired outcomes rather than means, in order to produce a standard that is adaptable to different contexts and can benefit producers also. Collaboration among stakeholders and public-private partnerships are needed to maximize the positive effects of private standards on producers and minimize their negative impacts. 1 by Pascal Liu, Economist, Trade and Markets Division, FAO (firstname.lastname@example.com) This paper largely draws on another paper written by the author for the FAO Expert Meeting on Feeding the World in 2050, Rome, June 2009 and to be published in a volume by FAO later this year


While numerous approaches exist to gather information from families having cultural and linguistically diverse backgrounds and who have children with developmental disabilities, the use of assistive technology (AT) focus groups holds great promise for professionals. This article provides an overview of a process that can be implemented in school settings by professionals who desire to understand the unique AT needs of families with cultural and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Specifically, a four-phase strategy is presented for collecting information from families regarding their perceptions of school professionals, appropriateness of their child's interventions, and other important attitudes that families might have toward various AT-related activities in which their child is a participant. Emphasis is placed on the right person asking the right questions in the right way to the right persons at the right time and place. In recent years, children with developmental disabilities from diverse cultural backgrounds and their families have increasingly been given attention in the assistive technology literature (cf. Hourcade, Parette, & Huer, 1997; Huer & Saenz, 2003; Kemp & Parette, 2000; Parette, 1999). Much of this literature has focused on the process of identifying and implementing appropriate assistive technology devices and services. The traditional approach of AT has emphasized the student and classroom in the AT decision-making process (cf. Institute for Matching Person and Technology, 1999; Reed & Bowser, 1998; Williams, Stemach, Wolf, & Stanger, 1995; Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative, 1998; Zabala, 1998). Each of these approaches for assessing AT needs emphasizes the process of assessment using a multidisciplinary, collaborative team that employs ecological, functional assessment strategies (Bromley, 2001). During the AT decision-making process, specific dimensions that have an effect on AT decision-making have been examined, including child characteristics, device features, service system issues, family issues, cultural factors (Parette, 1997). Others have examined evaluation, selection, accommodation, and use of AT in the context of characteristics (a) of the technology, (b) (and) requirements of the milieu/environments of use, and (c) (and) resources of the person (Institute for Matching Person and Technology, 2002). Specific approaches for working with these families have been noted that acknowledge differences in value systems exhibited by professionals whose perceptions of child/family needs are often markedly different from the needs articulated by families (Parette & McMahan, 2002; Parette, Brotherson, & Huer, 2000; Parette, Huer, & Brotherson, 2001). For example, Parette et al. (2001) found that professionals participating in focus groups tended to be less (a) family-centered, (b) sensitive to cultural issues, and (c) aware of the potential impact of stressors associated with the introduction of AT into family systems, thus supporting earlier surveys of state AT decision-making practices and perceptions held by professionals (Parette & Hourcade, 1997). Failure to acknowledge family priories, Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Phil Parette, Department of Special Education, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5910, Normal, IL 61790-5910. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 2003, 38(4), 429–440 © Division on Developmental Disabilities Technology Focus Groups / 429 resources, and concerns during decision-making—particularly internal and external demands, including stressors and cultural values—may result in ineffective decisionmaking and AT abandonment on the part of families and children with developmental disabilities. As noted by Parette et al. (2001): Professionals must acknowledge the cultural traditions, hopes, and value systems of families, and understand how these traditions and values influence the thinking and behavior of children and their families. To effectively accomplish this, efforts should be made to involve all family members—both immediate and extended—with whom the child with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities may be using the device. Such involvement will assist professionals to ensure that the range of. . .needs of the child across environmental contexts, and when interacting with particular individuals within those contexts, are accurately identified. (p. 80) Unfortunately, when working with families from diverse cultural backgrounds, approaches to AT decision-making are all too often couched in the values and belief systems of Euro American professionals. Such values as communication style (e.g., preference for eye contact, direct questions, probing feelings, Roseberry-McKibbin, 2002), perception of disability (e.g., that it is attributable to known causes and can thus be 'fixed', Hanson, 1997), perception of child care (i.e., high expectations for self-help and self-reliance, Kagan, 1984), importance of independence (Hanson, Lynch, & Wayman, 1990), and informality in human interactions (e.g., using first names in greetings, casual dress, Althen, 1988) typically manifest in specific approaches and strategies used by professionals when working with families during the AT decisionmaking process. Family members from different cultural backgrounds do, not always perceive these Euro American values, and the resulting strategies and approaches that are shaped by these values, favorably. For example, if an African American family member is approached informally during the first AT team meeting, and the family member's first name is used; this may be perceived as a lack of respect (Willis, 1992). Similarly, to suggest to the family member that the child engage in solitary learning activities involving the AT might not be sensitive to the family's (and child's) preference for group learning activities (Dabney, Clingmon, Clark-Thomas, Coonce, & Wyatt, 1994). King (1999) noted that AT professionals must be sensitive to whether or not the child with developmental disabilities and his/her family come from high context or low context cultural backgrounds. High context cultures include many Hispanic, Native, African, and Asian cultures and place great emphasis on understanding through (a) shared experience, history, and physical cues (Lynch, 1997); and (b) perceived social position of the family and extended family group as a unit and as a community vs. personal achievement (Battle, 1993; Hall, 1984). Low context cultures, such as Euro American culture, tend to minimize the importance of groups in society while placing great emphasis on individualism and personal achievement (Hecht, Andersen, & Ribeau, 1989). When such culturally insensitive strategies are used during AT decision-making processes, powerful messages regarding the perceived value of the family and their cultural background may be communicated inadvertently by professionals. This may have the unanticipated result of minimizing team effectiveness, particularly commitment on the part of the family, and potentially result in the selection of AT that may ultimately be abandoned by the child and family. This suggests a need to examine information-gathering approaches and strategies used to encourage family involvement in AT decision-making used by school systems. Despite the growing recognition of the importance of recognizing the voices of families (Parette et al., 2000), AT decision-making continues to rely heavily on the input, preferences, and expertise of professionals versus family members (Parette & Hourcade, 1997). Historically, related services personnel such as speech/language pathologists have assumed primary responsibility on teams for identifying appropriate AT devices for children with disabilities. As Garshelis and McConnell (1993) noted: "For many years professionals have determined goals for families with children who 430 / Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities-December 2003 have handicaps based solely on their own assessments of family needs" (p. 37). Even in professional AT textbooks there is still an undertone suggesting the primary importance of professional insights and knowledge during team decision-making (see e.g., Lindsey, 2000), with relatively little information regarding the role of families in the decision-making processes. Interestingly, professional perspectives are often not shared by family members, particularly those from other cultures (Soto, Huer, & Taylor, 1997). However, many professionals continue to assume primary responsibility for AT decision-making. Gathering Information to Assist in AT Decision-Making For professionals, the task of gathering information that is accurate, valid, reliable, and relevant is particularly challenging when working with culturally diverse groups during AT decision-making (Bevan-Brown, 2001). To effectively work with persons from culturally diverse backgrounds demands understanding of cultural bias, or preconceived points of view, customs, beliefs, practices, sample sizes, procedures, protocols, translations, and interpretations (Huer & Saenz, 2002). Minimizing bias and planning collaborative research approaches, in particular, "requires constant vigilance and effort" (Bevan-Brown, 2001, p.139). An additional consideration is the relationship between the culture/s of AT professionals and the culturally diverse communities with whom professionals may be involved, particularly when the professionals are members of the dominant, or Euro American culture. Sometimes, family members from culturally diverse communities who have children with developmental disabilities served by the schools during AT decision-making may be concerned sharing information with professionals from the larger culture (Huer & Saenz, 2002). This can be an artifact of a result of a history of racism and discrimination (Terrell, Battle, & Grantham, 1998) or a lack of acceptance of views or practices b


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer death in the Western world. Calcineurin (CaN), a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein phosphatase, is important for Ca2+‐mediated signal transduction. The main objective of this study is to examine the potential role of Ca2+/CaM‐dependent protein phosphatase in both normal and in invasive tumor components of human samples. In this study, we carried out 45 cases of CaN activity, 13 cases of CaN protein expression by Western blot analysis, and 6 cases for immunohistochemical analysis in both normal and invasive tumor components of human samples. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that strong cytoplasmic staining of varying intensity was observed in colon tumors of all patients compared to normal mucosa. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed a prominent overexpressed immunoreactive band with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa catalytic alpha subunit (CaN A) as well as CaN Aα and β in colon tumor samples. Elevated CaN protein expression appears to be a possible link between Ca2+ signaling and oncogenic processes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Cryogenic atom probe tomography (cryo-APT) is a new microstructure characterization technique with the potential to address challenges across various research fields. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of cryo-APT and the associated instrumentation that transforms conventional APT into cryo-APT. We start by introducing the APT principle and the instrumentation involved in the cryo-APT workflow, emphasizing the key techniques that enable cryo-APT specimen preparation. Furthermore, we shed light on the research made possible by cryo-APT, presenting several recent outcomes to demonstrate its capabilities effectively. Finally, we discuss the limitations of cryo-APT and summarize the potential research areas that can further benefit from this cutting-edge microstructural characterization technique.


A two-year data set of Periwinkle ( Tympanotonous fuscatus the variance estimates of the length and weight categories. In the length category, evidence of significant change was indicated by the decline in obtaining the class interval of 1.2 cm-1.6 cm by ten (10%) percent in 2016 collections. Further evidence of significant change in population characteristic was also observed in the weight parameter where the weight class 3 g to 5.5 g was absent in the 2016 collections. The relationship between length-weight was non-collinear in 2015 year collections with a very low R² = 0.007, indicating that the contribution of shell length to body weight can only be predicted by 0.3%. In contrast, in the 2016 collections, the length-weight relationship returned a value of R² = 0.646971 indicating that the contribution of the shell length to body weight can be predicted by sixty percent (60%). These differences in population characteristics were interpreted as evidence of the snail response to interplay of environmental conditions between the dates of collection which were similar. Harvesting pressure and indiscriminate habitat destruction are noted as extreme drivers that can likely overwhelm the natural balance of ecological factors. Although the influences of habitat conditioning factors were not discussed, evidence of the quantitative variation in the population dynamics is given to direct future research in conservation.


Background People living with dementia are often appointed a legal representative, to support and protect their ethical and legal rights to informed healthcare decisions. However, legal representatives usually have no qualifications in healthcare. Objective The aim of this study was to explore decision-making processes with participation of legal representatives and, resulting from this, to develop and pilot test an education program for legal representatives in Germany. Methods We conducted interviews with legal representatives and senior citizens about decision-making processes in healthcare, with special focus on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, physical restraints, and prescription of antipsychotics for people with dementia. We generated a curriculum based on systematic literature searches and the results of these interviews. We tested the education program for comprehensibility, feasibility, usability, and acceptance. Results Personal interviews with voluntary (n = 12) and professional (n = 12) representatives, and senior citizens (n = 14) were conducted. Preferences, attitudes, and wishes regarding percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, physical restraints, and antipsychotics, and the process of decision-making, were heterogeneous. A structural approach is lacking. The education program proxy-decison-making (PRODECIDE) comprises four modules: (A) decision-making processes and methods; (B–D) evidence-based knowledge about percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, physical restraints, and antipsychotics. We conducted eight trainings with 47 legal representatives. PRODECIDE was well accepted. Comprehensibility of contents and materials was rated high. The program seems feasible for implementation. Conclusion PRODECIDE seems suitable to improve the decision-making processes of legal representatives in Germany. Implementation will be appropriate if efficacy is proven; a randomized controlled trial is currently underway.


This study looks at the different ways in which spatial prepositions are used by native speakers and German learners of English. It is based on learner and reference corpora containing elicited written narratives of a wordless picture story (Mayer 1969). A Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis reveals that native speakers of English used spatial prepositions significantly more often in dynamic contexts than did German learners of English. Moreover, we found considerable differences in the use of behind and over. A closer look at the contexts in which these two prepositions occurred showed that they were mainly used for descriptions of the same scene. The results suggest that certain events are conceptualized in different ways by speakers of English and German. We will discuss L1 transfer and teaching-induced factors as possible explanations for these differences and propose to incorporate corpus methodology into the foreign language classroom.


A mean‐field theory of a localized, excess electron in a classical, nonpolar fluid, presented in an earlier paper [J. Zhu and R. I. Cukier, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 1288 (1993)], is extended to polar fluids. The mean‐field potential, and the effective potential, characterizing the electron–solvent interaction, are both modified by the addition of a long‐ranged, attractive term arising from the charge–dipole interaction between the electron density and the solvent dipoles. The attractive part of this effective interaction is similar to that of an anion–dipole interaction, which makes possible the closure of the Ornstein–Zernike equations, characterizing the solvent–solvent and electron–solvent structure, by a suitably modified form of the mean spherical approximation, familiar from ion–dipole theories. The theory is compared with simulations of an excess electron in water, carried out with a new electron–solvent pseudopotential, designed to mimic the potentials of the mean‐field theory. Agreement between the the...


Purpose – To assess the computer literacy skills/competencies of professional librarians in Nigerian university libraries.Design/methodology/approach – Employs descriptive design using questionnaires to collect data from 57 professional librarians in four Nigerian university libraries.Findings – Reveals the personal characteristics of the respondents, assessment of their levels of computer skills, computer use experience, avenues of computer literacy, software used, library routines computer is used for, benefits derived from computer and problems associated with computer use, recommendations are made in light of the findings.Originality/value – Its findings will assist librarians and library managers to have insight into state of computer literacy among professionals in Nigerian university libraries and assist relevant authorities to plan how librarians, especially in developing countries, can become computer literate.


* Introduction * Sino-Japanese Relations: The Long View * The Voyage of the Senzaimaru and the Road to Sino-Japanese Diplomatic Normalcy: A Micro-Historical Perspective * The Japanese Community of Shanghai: The First Generation, 1862-1895 * Appendix A: Chart of the Japanese Embassies to the Tang Court * Appendix B: Chart of the Japanese Embassies to the Ming Court * Glossary * Notes * Bibliography * Index


Within the industrial consultancy activities of Energie-Versorgung Schwaben AG (Swabian Energy Supply Utilities Group), the national Eta competition for 1996 has been augmented with a regional preliminary round. One of the winners in the Federal State of Baden-Wurttemberg, hartec - Gesellschaft ftir Hartstoffe und Donnschichttechnik mbH & Co. KG - presented a revolutionary new development for hard surfacing of workpieces. An innovative plasma coating process has been developed and makes it possible to coat wear and other machine components, tools and articles of use with hard-surfacing materials at temperatures above 200 °C. The metal-based coatings have extremely good adhesion, are extremely wear-resistant and are proof against virtually all acids and alkalis. A central problem facing the widespread use of PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology in industry has, up to now, been the lack of capability for integration into automated production cycles. Up to now, only isolated systems incorporating partial integration, in which the process time still varies between as much as five and seven hours, have been implemented. Extensive optimization of virtually all process stages and the development of a twin-chamber system have made it possible to achieve the target of a continuous system. Process integration, or at least extremely flexible operation, with exceptionally short cycle times of only around one hour, are now possible.


We present the first results of our deep survey of lensing clusters aimed at constraining the abundance of star-forming galaxies at z?6-10, using lensing magnification to improve the search efficiency and subsequent spectroscopic studies. Deep near-IR photometry of two lensing clusters (A1835 and AC114) was obtained with ISAAC/VLT. These images, combined with existing data in the optical bands including HST images, were used to select very high redshift candidates at z? 6 among the optical-dropouts. Photometric selection criteria have been defined based on the well-proven dropout technique, specifically tuned to target star-forming galaxies in this redshift domain. We have identified 18(8) first and second-category optical dropouts in A1835 (AC114), detected in more than one filter up to H (Vega) ? 23.8 (AB ~ 25.2, uncorrected for lensing). Among them, 8(5) exhibit homogeneous SEDs compatible with star-forming galaxies at z? 6, and 5(1) are more likely intermediate-redshift EROs based on luminosity considerations. We have also identified a number of fainter sources in these fields fulfilling our photometric selection and located around the critical lines. We use all these data to make a first attempt at constraining the density of star-forming galaxies present at 6? z ?10 using lensing clusters. Magnification effects and sample incompleteness are addressed through a careful modeling of the lensing clusters. A correction was also introduced to account for the expected fraction of false-positive detections among this photometric sample. It appears that the number of candidates found in these lensing fields, corrected for magnification, incompleteness and false-positive detections, is higher than the one achieved in blank fields with similar photometric depth in the near-IR. The luminosity function derived for z? 6 candidates appears compatible with that of LBGs at z? 3, without any renormalization. The turnover observed by Bouwens et al. (2005) towards the bright end relative to the z? 3 LF is not observed in this sample. Also the upper limit for the UV SFR density at z?6-10, integrated down to L1500=0.3~L*z=3, of ?_*=7.4 × 10-2~M? yr-1 Mpc-3 is compatible with the usual values derived at z ? 5-6, but higher than the estimates obtained in the NICMOS Ultra Deep Field (UDF). The same holds for the upper limit of the SFR density in the z ? 8-10 interval (?_*=1.1 × 10-1). This systematic trend towards the bright end of the LF with respect to blank fields could be due to field-to-field variance, a positive magnification bias from intermediate-redshift EROs, and/or residual contamination. Given the low S/N ratio of the high-z candidates, and the large correction factors applied to this sample, increasing the number of blank and lensing fields with ultra-deep near-IR photometry is essential to obtain more accurate constraints on the abundance of z ? 6 galaxies.


We introduce the temporal logic HAWK and its supporting tool for runtime verification of Java programs. A monitor for a HAWK formula checks if a finite trace of program events satisfies the formula. HAWK is a programming-oriented extension of the rule-based EAGLE logic that has been shown capable of defining and implementing a range of finite trace monitoring logics, including future and past time temporal logic, metric (real-time) temporal logics, interval logics, forms of quantified temporal logics, extended regular expressions, state machines, and others. Monitoring is achieved on a state-by-state basis avoiding any need to store the input trace. HAWK extends EAGLE with constructs for capturing parameterized program events such as method calls and method returns. Parameters can be executing thread, the objects that methods are called upon, arguments to methods, and return values. HAWK allows one to refer to these in formulae. The tool synthesizes monitors from formulae and automates program instrumentation.


Constituents of the essential oils obtained from Chuanxiong, Yungxiong, Fuxiong, Xixiong and "Chuanxiong" of Japan were analysed by GC-MS. Ninety-six compounds including ligustilide, etc. were identified. Their percentages in the oils were given.


Let Fx and Fy denote families of subsets of the nonempty sets X and Y respectively and let be a function mapping Y onto X with the property that [H] ∈ Fx for each H∈Fy. Then the family l of all functions mapping X into Y such that [H] ∈Fy for each H ∈Fx is a semigroup if the product g of two such functions and g is defined by g = o o g (i.e., (Fg)(x) = (f(g(x))) for each x in X). With some restrictions on the families Fx and Fy and the function , these are the semigroups mentioned in the title and are the objects of investigation in this paper. The restrictions on fxfy and are sufficiently mild so that the semigroups considered here include such semigroups of functions on topological spaces as semi- groups of closed functions, semigroups of connected functions, etc.


Ingested concanavalin A (Con A) remained unaltered during its passage through the rat gastrointestinal tract and was rapidly excreted in the feces.1} The excreted Con A in the feces was bound to water-insoluble components in the feces.2) The water-insoluble components were confirmed to have an affinity to Con A in vitro.2) These findings strongly suggested the presence of a Con Abinding glycoprotein (CBGP) in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of rats. Thereafter, CBGPcould be isolated from the stomach, small intestine, cecum, and feces, in which the amounts ofCBGPwere found to be much larger in the small intestine than the others, and the origin of fecal CBGPwas suggested to be in the small intestine.3) This suggestion, however, further requires the evidence that the fecal CBGP is not derived from intestinal micro flora. Thus, this study was undertaken to investigate the presence of CBGPin intestinal microorganisms, and CBGP in the gastrointestinal tract and feces of germ-free rats and that of conventionalized rats. Lyophilized powders of Lactobacillus acidophilus,


We design a multi-purpose environment for autonomous UAVs offering different communication services in a variety of application contexts (e.g., wireless mobile connectivity services, edge computing, data gathering). We develop the environment, based on OpenAI Gym framework, in order to simulate different characteristics of real operational environments and we adopt the Reinforcement Learning to generate policies that maximize some desired performance. The quality of the resulting policies are compared with a simple baseline to evaluate the system and derive guidelines to adopt this technique in different use cases. The main contribution of this paper is a flexible and extensible OpenAI Gym environment, which allows to generate, evaluate, and compare policies for autonomous multi-drone systems in multi-service applications. This environment allows for comparative evaluation and benchmarking of different approaches in a variety of application contexts.


Most of the therapeutic applications for synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and oligoribonucleotides (ORN) relate to mechanisms of manipulating gene expression based on Watson–Crick base pairing to endogenous nucleic acids. However, in recent years it has become apparent that the immune system has evolved defense mechanisms against infections that are based on the detection of infecting viral and bacterial nucleic acids. In some cases, synthetic ODN and ORN can trigger these defenses and, therefore, can interfere with or distort the mechanism of action of antisense ODN or small interfering RNAs.


The present paper is aimed at giving a conceptual exposition of the mathematical principles underlying Sahlqvist correspondence theory. These principles are argued to be inherently algebraic and order-theoretic. They translate naturally on relational structures thanks to Stone-type duality theory. The availability of this analysis in the setting of the algebras dual to relational models leads naturally to the definition of an expanded (object) language in which the well-known 'minimal valuation' meta-arguments can be encoded, and of a calculus for correspondence of a proof-theoretic style in the expanded language, mechanically computing the firstorder correspondent of given propositional formulas. The main advantage brought about by this formal machinery is that correspondence theory can be ported in a uniform way to families of nonclassical logics, ranging from substructural logics to mu-calculi, and also to different semantics for the same logic, paving the way to a uniform correspondence theory.


Perturbation expansion for the imaginary part of the elastic fermion-fermion amplitude in the vacuum channel for the high energy limit (LLA) of the gauge field theory is calculated to the 9-th order in α. Technical and numerical details of the calculations are discussed


The research examines the dynamics of the innovation activity of the Republic of Bulgaria during the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Representative data about the most widely accepted index of innovation activity on a global scale – Global Innovation Index – are analyzed. The results achieved by the country in the 2019-2022 period are compared with those of the other EU member states. Bulgaria has increased its innovation activity during the period under review, both in absolute and comparative terms, but the positive change is not enough for the country to reach the highly developed Western European member states of the EU.


An investigation has been performed to study the response of the front bumper beam of automobiles. In the investigation, a beam theory is used to model the front bumper, and a principle of energy conservation is also used for calculating the deflection and stress distribution of the bumper subjected to the external impact. The primary concern of the investigation is to present a procedure of how to design optimally the cross-sectional shape of the front bumper of automobiles.


The present invention is preferably glass, ceramic, or on a substrate made of a glass ceramic material to a method for obtaining a hydrophobic coating, to a method which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) silicon oxycarbide consists in applying a first primer layer consisting essentially of The present invention also relates to hydrophobic glazing consisting of or comprising a substrate as defined above, the window glass is used as window glass, particularly for a transport vehicle or a building.


Background: Previously, we found that interleukin (IL)-18 deficiency aggravates kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in young C57BL/6 mice due to an over-compensation by IL-12. Additionally, IL-18 participates in fundamental inflammatory processes that increase during aging. In the present study, we were interested in the role of IL-18 in KA-induced neurodegeneration in aged female C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Fifteen aged female IL-18 knockout (KO) and 15 age-matched wild-type (WT) mice (18 to 19 months old) were treated with KA at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight intranasally. Seizure activities and behavioral changes were rated using a 6-point scoring system and open-field test, respectively. Seven days after KA treatment, degenerating neurons were detected by Nissl's method and Fluoro-Jade B staining; and microglial activation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: Aged female IL-18 KO and WT mice showed similar responses to treatment with KA as demonstrated by comparable seizure activities, behavioral changes and neuronal cell death. However, aged female IL-18 KO mice failed to exhibit the strong microglial activation shown in WT mice. Interestingly, even though the number of activated microglia was less in KA-treated IL-18 KO mice than in KA-treated WT mice, the proportion of microglia that expressed the cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-10 was higher in KA-treated IL-18 KO mice. Conclusion: Deficiency of IL-18 attenuates microglial activation after KA-induced excitotoxicity in aged brain, while the net effects of IL-18 deficiency are balanced by the enhancement of other cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Background Administration of kainic acid (KA), an analog of the exci-totoxin glutamate, to rodents results in neuronal death and seizures [1], which provides a well-characterized model for studies of human neurodegenerative diseases [2-4]. Synthesis and release of cytokines and other inflammatory factors by glial cells influence the survival and repair of hippocampal neurons after injury [5,6]. Interleukin (IL)-18, first isolated as interferon-γ inducing factor [7], is related to the IL-1 family by mechanism of origin, receptor structure, and signal transduction pathways utilized [8]. IL-18 serves as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses, through mechanisms such as stimulating the expression of adhesion molecules, inducing the production of chemokines (IL-8) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor and IL-6), stimulat


Objective To investigate the geometric modeling method for trans-femoral prosthetic socket.Methods The socket reference shapes(i.e.shape templates) were constructed based on the statistic analysis and integrated into the CASD program.The initial socket shape was obtained by transformation from the corresponding reference shape based on the data from the patient's stump and the final socket shape was determined by a kind of three-dimensional interaction method under the OpenGL environment.The fabrication experiment is conducted on the specialized numerical control machine.Results The interactive modification method was easy to use.The machined socket mold is consistent with the designed model in the shape and the precision.Conclusion This method can meet the clinical requirements in the main,but need to optimize the surface shaping characters and rules during the interactive modification stage.


The utility model discloses a novel gas control device for cooker comprising a gas valve, an electric motor, an electric motor speed reducer, a transmission shaft and a plug cock, the electric motor supplies power to the device through the control circuit board and is electrically connected with the control circuit board; the electric motor speed reducer is arranged between the electric motor and the plug cock, and the electric motor speed reducer is connected with the plug cock through the transmission shaft; a plurality of position sensors are positioned at the electric motor speed reducer; a self-feeding magnet valve is arranged between the gas inlet and the plug cock for switching off the gas when in flameout or current failure; the plug cock is provided with a plug cock gas via hole which is matched with the valve gas via hole; an ignition needle and a flame detection device are arranged on the section nearby the combustor fire hole of the gas; the self-feeding magnet valve, the position sensor, the flame detection device are electrically connected with the control circuit board and are controlled by the control circuit board. According to the design of the technical programe of the utility model, the novel multi-functional gas control device for cooker has the advantages of that the ignition is convenient and accurate, and the use is safe and reliable, and the degree of automation is high.


Calixarenes possessing appropriate cavity size and rigid structure can lead to a very high ion selectivity, which can be used for recognition and separation of ions. A new lower rim double-1,2-amide-bridged calix[4]arene was synthesized by aminolysis of a calix[4]arene ester. The binding abi-lities of the compound with potassium and rubidium ions were determined by the ultraviolet method. The association constants (K_a) for potassium picrate and rubidium picrate at 24°C in CHCl_3 are measured respectively. The results show that the new double-1,2-amide-bridged calix[4]arene have strong inclusion ability for the guest K~+and Rb~+ions.


A tuberculous psoas abscess is a frequently described complication of tuberculous spondylitis. Although rare, a tuberculous psoas abscess can develop without any demonstrable spinal involvement. In patients with no evidence of sponylitis, the abscess may result from direct spread from the involved lymph node or via a hematogeous route. The treatment of a psoas abscess is either drug therapy or surgical intervention in conjunction with drug therapy. Image-guided percutaneous drainage in conjunction with drug therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for a tuberculous psoas abscess. We report an unusual case of bilateral tuberculous psoas abscesses without any concomitant spinal involvement. The tuberculous psoas abscess may have formed by fistulization between the necrotic lymph node and psoas sheath. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and a histology examination of the biopsy sample. The patient improved after administering anti-tuberculous agents for 2 years along with surgical and percutaneous drainage of the abscess. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2008;65:517-521)


AbstractAggregates selected for Wisconsin transportation infrastructure must withstand harsh service conditions. In this paper, results of comprehensive statistical analyses on three sets of aggreg...


A 51-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of cutaneous lesions. The lesions were pruritic and they had begun while she was gardening. The patient had no relevant medical history, took no medication and had no history of a previous similar reaction. She had no fever, and was otherwise healthy and well. On physical examination, a localized erythematous papular rash was seen on the patient's right forearm. Dermoscopy showed multiple brown fine lines and red dots (Fig. 1). A biopsy was taken from a lesion.


Currently,college English teaching models in the independent institute are not in accordance with their unique features.As a result,the teaching effect is not satisfying and many problems have appeared.For example,many students show little passion for English learning;some of them have low efficiency and poor self-management ability in English study.Based on meta-cognitive theory and the characteristics of the students in independent institutes,this study puts forward "1+3" teaching model,aiming to improve students' activity,efficiency and self-management ability in English study.This teaching model cultivates the students' ability to utilize planning strategy,monitoring strategy and adjustment strategy in English study by instructing students to establish personal portfolio.


Most of the text books on soil mechanics give the expressions for the magnitudes of active and passive earth pressures based on Coulomb's theory for backfills of cohesionless soils. Similar expressions are not available for backfills of cohesive soils. A general expression is derived in this paper for the magnitude of active earth pressure for an inclined backfill of cohesive soil with a uniform surcharge connecting possible tension cracks. A numerical example is included for illustration. (Author/TRRL)


Belgian road load history database was designed according to the analytical design methodology. A relational database stores data in separate tables instead of placing all data in one large table. Therefore it has the advantage of minimizing the data redundancy and easy maintenance. First, user requirements were collected from work regulation, reports and end-user survey and entities, relationships, attributes for the ER model were defined. Through the normalization and denormalization, the ER model was optimized. The implemented database consists of 10 tables and enables to search load history file at the part joining points. The database can be used in standardizing the road load history data for various chassis type, vehicle weight and so on.


Objective To study the treatment result and the safety of the different medication of ambroxol to treat infant and preschool children's bronchiolitis.Methods 72 cases of bronchiolitis were randomly divided into intravenous injection group and aerosol inhalation group according to different medication.The patients in both groups were administered with the therapy of anti-infection,anti-athatic,oxygen inhalation.The patients in intravenous injection group were given 7.5 mg ambroxol,two times a day,with intravenous injection,while the patients in aerosol inhalation group with aerosol inhalation.The average process was 3~5 days.Results The result in intravenous injection group is obvious.There was no adverse reaction.Conclusion It is the best way to treat bronchiolitis with ambroxol being administered through veins and it is value to apply widely.


Social interaction is one of the basic components of human life that impacts thoughts, emotions, decisions, and the overall wellbeing of individuals. In this regard, monitoring social activity constitutes an important factor in a number of disciplines, particularly those related to social and health sciences. Sensor-based social interaction data collection has been seen as a groundbreaking tool, having the potential to overcome the drawbacks of traditional self-reporting methods and revolutionize social behavior analysis. However, monitoring of social interactions typically implies a trade-off between the quality of collected data and the levels of unobtrusiveness and privacy respect, aspects that can affect spontaneity in subjects' behavior. In this article we discuss the challenges of automatic monitoring of social interactions; then we provide an overview of the current automatic monitoring concepts and the associated trade-offs. We finally present our approach of using non-visual and non-auditory mobile sources that mitigate privacy concerns and do not interfere with individuals daily routines, while providing a reliable platform for social interaction data collection.


Cross layer optimization based on utility functions has been recently studied extensively, meanwhile, numerous types of utility functions have been examined in the corresponding literature. However, a major drawback is that most utility functions take a fixed mathematical form or are based on simple combining, which can not fully exploit available information. In this paper, we formulate a framework of cross layer optimization based on Adaptively Weighted Utility Functions (AWUF) for fairness balancing in OFDMA net- works. Under this framework, a two-step allocation algorithm is provided as a sub-optimal solution, whose control parameters can be updated in real-time to accommodate instantaneous QoS constrains. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves high throughput while balancing the fairness among multiple users. Keywords—OFDMA, Fairness, AWUF, QoS.


The practice of Sino-Foreign joint education has been playing dual roles of objective means and direct effect in the procedure of high education internationalization.. As the rapid development of Sino-Foreign joint education and the carrying-on of the educational ministry's Rules of Sino-Foreign Joint Education, the foreign teachers with their acceptance, management, position and function become a focus of attention. In this paper, the author brings forth a set of tactics that increase the effectiveness of foreign teachers based on the thorough analysis of foreign teachers' function with their superiority and shortcoming.


The GDP is the official economy of a country but may not be the country's actual economy. The gap between GDP and the actual economy has led to the conceptualisation of a second economy. The underground economy (UE) is a portion of the second economy. UE is defined here as the income of legal activities (irregular economy) and illicit activities (illegal economy) that evade taxes. The characteristics and size of UE is estimated based on enforcement data of tax and commercial criminal of 1980-2009 using ratio and regression techniques. The objectives of this UE study are; to explore its proxy indicators; estimate its size and growth; identify its characteristics; examine its economic association (CPI, GDP per-capita, cash in circulation, electricity consumption and economic crises) and evaluate government interaction to curb UE activities (tax system and federal expenditure).
Over the 1980-2009 period, the UE has increased up to 5.46 folds amounting to MYR849 billion. The size of UE fluctuates between 8.92% and 26.94% of GDP, hovers around 20% most of the time. The opposite UE growth direction of GDP denotes their complementary association. About 60% to 80% of UE composed of irregular economy and 20% to 40% of illegal economy. In bad time the irregular economy is at its minimum level while the illegal economy is at its maximum level. In terms of participants, institutional UE is larger
iv
(88.37%) than individual UE (21.63%), but participation tendency of UE are equal, about 50% income earned is concealed. UE skews more than the official economy within and across specific economic sectors and common at the upper income level. The left skew income distribution partly contributed to an unfair "tax burden" and "private gains", which could have worsen income disparity of the population.
In "real economy", UE is most elastic to CPI (3.14%) followed by GDP per capita (0.74%), cash in circulation (0.97%) and electricity consumption (1.29%). UE had affected a sizeable national budget, for 2000s decade, its impact on direct taxes and indirect taxes amounting to 13.85% and 24.96% of federal revenue respectively. Government remedial efforts through; tax reforms has changed tax non compliant mix; and increased federal expenditure has suppressed UE growth and size relative to GDP, but inadequate to reduce its size in absolute term.


Objective:To establish an RP-HPLC method for the determination of quercetin in Sorbaria sorbifolia.Methods:The content of quercetin was determined by RP-HPLC. YMC-pack ODS-A(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)column was used. The detection wavelength was set at 370 nm.Results:The mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.2% phosphatic acid (50∶50) with flow rate 0.4 ml·min~(-1) and column temperature at 35℃. The method was linear within the range of (0.025)~0.15 μg,(r=0.999 9). The method RSD was 0.72%(n=5). The average recovery of assay was 98.8% and RSD 1.45%(n=5).Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and highly accurate and precise. It can be used for the quantitative determination of quercetinin Sorbaria sorbifolia.


Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum (pT) and pseudorapidity (eta) distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)=0.9 and 2.36 TeV. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average pT of charged hadrons is measured to be 0.46+-0.01(stat.)+-0.01(syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50+-0.01(stat.)+-0.01(syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for |eta|<2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dNch/deta(|eta|<0.5), are 3.48+-0.02(stat.)+-0.13(syst.) and 4.47+-0.04(stat.)+-0.16(syst.), respectively. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements ever published at a particle collider at the time of the presentation at the Lake Louise Winter Institute.


Stereotypes and axiological attributions used by Bosnian Franciscans to describe "Bosnian Turks" (Bosniaks) and Orthodox Christian priests during the second half of the nineteenth century are discussed. The sources for analysis were private letters exchanged by Franciscans during the period from 1850 to 1870 via private channels, in order to prevent the correspondence from falling into the hands of the Austrian and local Ottoman authorities. As the correspondence took place in secrecy and without fear of censorship, it may justifiably be assumed to reflect the Franciscans' authentic opinions and attitudes toward the Ottoman authorities and members of other confessions with whom they shared, among other things, living space and language. Analysis has shown that the axiological attributions in the Franciscan letters resembled the repertoire of perceptions and value judgments encountered in other source of Catholic provenance from Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as early modern Croatian literature. Interestingly, however, not a single negative attribute is ascribed to the sultan. On the contrary, he is described as the embodiment of the principle of justice and an exalted ruler, "whose crystal clear water" (a metaphor for justice) is clouded and muddied by representatives of the local authorities." Since imagological analysis also requires historical contextualization, such an attitude toward the sultan should be viewed within the sociohistorical context. Indeed, the majority of the letters were written when the central authorities, under the sultan's watchful eye, were strenuously attempting to crush the resistance from the conservative ulema and major landowners to social and agrarian reforms in Bosnia. Since these reforms were of vital importance to Catholics and their survival, the authors of the letters not only praised the sultan and some Ottoman governors in Bosnia but also distinguished Muslims (Bosniaks) who supported the reforms as a way to modernize the Ottoman state. The topic was approached from the imagological aspect through the discursive analysis of constructions regarding the cultural and religious identities in Bosnia at the time.


The transition of classical western aesthetics is represented by three orientations: psychological aesthetics——beauty being the reflection of the mind; Marxist aesthetics——beauty being the result of practice; and Croce's aesthetic idea—— art being independent from reason. Croce's idea, from the perspective of logic, is directed against the idea of the classical aesthetics represented by Hegel proclaiming that art is dying out. Considering the three orientations, psychological aesthetics has greater influences in that it widens the scope of aesthetic research, while Marxist aesthetics, having made substantial breakthrough in aesthetic history, tends to be more significant and valuable. Furthermore, Croce's idea is more important in terms of its influence on the development of modern aesthetics.


This study showed that the prevalence of 3GC resistant Enterobacteraceae and non‐fermenting Gram‐negative Bacilli in patients admitted to ICUs of our hospital was substantial while the prevalence of NDM‐1 was substantially low (3.3%). GI colonisation by 3GC and carbapenem‐resistant pathogens increases the risk of clinical infections by these pathogens and subsequent human to human transmission.[3]


Today two major directions can be seen in organisation and work forms as far as distance and proximity are concerned. One trend involves geographic distribution of the companys operations, where in ...


After four years of war, in the summer of 70 CE the Roman troops entered the Temple of Jerusalem and razed it to the ground. One century before, the Jews had fiercely fought against the Roman conquest of Judaea and the Temple of Jerusalem had been a major point of resistance. After a siege of three months, Pompey conquered Jerusalem in 63 BCE. As for the Jewish Temple, it had enjoyed the protection of foreign rulers since Persian times, when, according to the Book of Ezra, Cyrus the Great had authorized its reconstruction, which was then ratified by Darius the Great. Keywords: Darius; Jewish temple; Roman policy; Temple of Jerusalem


Counting Distinct Elements in a Data Stream.- On Testing Convexity and Submodularity.- ?-Regular Languages Are Testable with a Constant Number of Queries.- Optimal Lower Bounds for 2-Query Locally Decodable Linear Codes.- Counting and Sampling H-Colourings.- Rapidly Mixing Markov Chains for Dismantleable Constraint Graphs.- On the 2-Colorability of Random Hypergraphs.- Percolation on Finite Cayley Graphs.- Computing Graph Properties by Randomized Subcube Partitions.- Bisection of Random Cubic Graphs.- Small k-Dominating Sets of Regular Graphs.- Finding Sparse Induced Subgraphs of Semirandom Graphs.- Mixing in Time and Space for Lattice Spin Systems: A Combinatorial View.- Quantum Walks on the Hypercube.- Randomness-Optimal Characterization of Two NP Proof Systems.- A Probabilistic-Time Hierarchy Theorem for "Slightly Non-uniform" Algorithms.- Derandomization That Is Rarely Wrong from Short Advice That Is Typically Good.- Is Constraint Satisfaction Over Two Variables Always Easy?.- Dimensionality Reductions That Preserve Volumes and Distance to Affine Spaces, and Their Algorithmic Applications.- On the Eigenvalue Power Law.- Classifying Special Interest Groups in Web Graphs.


Formation of DNA adducts and of water‐soluble metabolites was studied in monocytes of 86 first‐degree relatives of 15 families. Tests were performed with blood monocytes using (G‐3H)‐benzo[a]pyrene as a model pro‐carcinogen. Variance analysis revealed significantly higher inter‐familial than intra‐familial variations. From these data we conclude that the formation of DNA adducts is genetically controlled. Therefore the enhanced formation of benzo[a]pyrene DNA adducts in lung cancer patients found in earlier studies may reflect a genetic predisposition for lung cancer in some patients.


Takeda Taijun(1912-1976)is a representative of the Japanese postwar writers,who has a special affinity for China.During his whole lifetime,he stayed in China for two long periods,of which the period from June,1944 to February,1946 was spent in Shanghai.He was quite productive and created quite a few works focusing on China,especially Shanghai before and after Japan's being defeated in the Second World War,which became the background of many works.This paper attempts to interpret Takeda Taijun's experience in Shanghai of that time on the basis of the masterpiece Firefly in Shanghai in his later years.