This study is a first report on the population biology of the green tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus (de Haan) from northern Panay, west central Philippines. The study was conducted for eight months (May to December 2002) whereby total lengths of both male and female P. semisulcatus of various sizes were measured monthly from the catches of municipal trawlers operating at Pilar and Capiz Bays. Based on the Bhattacharya method, a mean growth rate of 0.78 ± 0.28 and 1.45 ± 0.39 mm/day were estimated for males and females, respectively. Using the ELEFAN I method, growth parameters derived for males were L∞ = 263 mm, k = 0.7/yr and a growth index (O') of 4.69. On the other hand, growth parameters derived for females were L∞ = 271 mm, k = 1.6/yr and a growth index (O') of 5.07.

Based on length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality (Z) of the male population is estimated to be 3.61/yr while that of the females is 5.65/yr. Male prawns showed a higher exploitation rate (0.53) compared to that of the females (0.35) indicating the susceptibility of males to fishing. This study also revealed that trawlers in Pilar and Capiz Bays are already getting small sizes of prawns, without allowing them to reach sexual maturity. Hence, there is a need to increase the present mesh size (2.5 cm) of the cod end of trawls in order to avoid growth overfishing, which may occur with continued increase in fishing effort. Furthermore, the recruitment pattern showed two pulses of unequal strengths and time, dividing the year into a 7-5 month pattern. The said pattern, especially for females, may have resulted from a major and minor spawning peak of the said species during the months of June-September and January.


The invention provides a compound having diazatriphenylene ring structure, and an organic electroluminescent element. The compound can emit fluorescence and delayed fluorescence and can be used as a material for a high-efficiency organic electroluminescent element; and an organic photoluminescent element or a high-efficiency and high-luminance organic electroluminescent element, which is produced using the compound. The compound has a diazatriphenylene ring structure, which is represented by general formula (1). And the organic electroluminescent element comprises a pair of electrodes and at least one organic layer sandwiched between the electrodes, said organic electroluminescent element being characterized in that the compound is used as a constituent material for the at least one organic layer.


As water-saturated fine-grained soil freezes up, water is normally driven toward the freezing front and soil moisture increases. Structural changes in freezing soil are especially intense in the frozen part, where the temperature approaches the freezing point, and are accompanied by heat and mass transfer. Ice can move relative to soil particles as a consequence of regelation thus contributing to heat and mass transfer. This motion can be induced by different thermodynamic forces, such as gradients of pressure, temperature, and concentration. The behavior of cryosols in a gradient temperature field reveals properties that seem to be unexpected. Water in a closed system of a uniform fully saturated frozen soil migrates towards lower temperatures under a temperature gradient about the natural one [Ershov, 1979]. In an open system, on the contrary, the mass flux through a soil sample is in the direction of the temperature gradient [Perfect and Williams, 1980]. The reason is that the deformability of soil skeleton is crucial in the former case of a closed system (water content changes being impossible otherwise) but is insignificant in the case of an open system while the motion of ice relative to the soil skeleton becomes of major importance. Both factors should be taken into account in modeling heat and mass transfer in frozen soil. Furthermore, one has to bear in mind that deformation of a soil skeleton is always attendant with motion of ice relative to soil particles. The problem is in finding the general laws of the relative motion of solid phases in frozen and freezing soils. The sequence of steps in the solution implies that the soil skeleton deformation were excluded from consideration, e.g., by means of using porous materials with a stiff matrix. In this study we report the results of experiments on heat and mass transfer through ceramics with an ice inclusion under a temperature gradient and compare them with theoretical prediction. Figure 1, a shows the main unit of the experimental device. The sample is a water-saturated ceramic cylinder with a cavity (Fig. 1, b). Before the experiment, the system was vacuumed and filled with distilled water. The experiment was run in conditions of an open system at negative temperatures and a zero pressure difference at the sample boundaries. The cavity in the sample center was filled with ice. The ceramics at the side of the cavity consisted of three rings separated by thin sealant (13). That is why water transport through the middle of the sample was assumed to be by regelation. The temperature gradient induces water flux in the system. The volumetric water flow rate was measured from motion of meniscus in capillary tubes (7) connected to the cell input and output (Fig. 1). For heat flux measurements, standard cylinders (3) were set tightly against the external bases of brass fins (2); heat transfer was through the cylinders to massive heat-exchangers maintained at a constant temperature (5). Axial heat flux in the cell was estimated, according to the Fourier law, from temperatures measured at the bases of cylinders (3). A single run took from 18 to 36 hours, the time during which constant temperature was maintained at the heat exchangers. Water flux through the sample was measured likewise for the same period. Ceramics is a phase barrier that prevents ice from penetrating into vessels (14) for the temperature range 0...–0.05 °C. In most runs, root mean square deviation from the mean temperature did not exceed 0.0005 °C in the heat exchangers and 0.005 °C in brass fins. The experimental data were compared with the theory using specially designed software [Kolunin, 2005] applied also to solve the associated problems of heat in the interior of the main unit and filtration in ceramics. The input parameters were the temperature of heat exchangers and the pressure in the tubes. The software was used to estimate the velocity of ice mov-


The invention provides a well cover with an anti-theft function. The well cover comprises a well cover body and a monitoring module, wherein the well cover body comprises a well cover shell as well as a sensing unit, a signal generating unit and a processing unit which are packaged in the well cover shell; the sensing unit and the signal generating unit are respectively connected with the processing unit; the monitoring module comprises a seal shell as well as a well cover detecting unit, a control unit, a signal transceiving unit and an alarm unit which are packaged in the seal shell; the well cover detecting unit, the signal transceiving unit and the alarm unit are respectively connected with the control unit; the signal generating unit is coupled with the signal transceiving unit; and the signal generating unit adopts a preset identification code for identification. The well cover has the following advantage: when the well cover body is stolen or is subjected to displacement change, and the alarm unit is started for alarming, thus on the basis, the well cover body is quickly and accurately found out via the identification code.


Data from 6,842 lactations of 3,274 Brown Swiss cows, daughters of 71 sires, from 100 herds, calving from 1980 to 1999 were used to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity of variance on genetic evaluation of bulls. The milk and fat yields adjusted for 305 days of lactation and mature equivalent age were used to classify the herds among high and low production level. An animal model used to estimate variance component, included the fixed effect of herds, age-season of calving and grade of cows, random effect of animal, permanent environment and temporary environment. Variance components were estimated to milk (fat) yield in booth levels, considering the milk or fat yield in each production level as different trait. Estimates of heritability were .38, .38, .39 and .32 for milk and fat yields in high and low production levels, respectively. Genetic correlations between high and low production levels were .85 and .79 to milk and fat yields, respectively. In genetic evaluation programs , it is important to consider differences in variability among herds, otherwise, under selection, the most variables herds would contribute with the majority of the animals, and the genetic evaluations of the animals could be more a function not only from its genetic potential, but also from its environment where the progenies expressed their traits.


-TWO tris-indole alkaloids, (t)-gelliusines A and B [l}, have been isolated for rhe first time from a marine source, the New Caledonian sponge, Orina sp. (or Gellius sp.), along with five further indole constituents (2-61. Compound 6 has been identified as 2,2-&-(6'brOmo-3'-indoly&ethylamine, previously isolated from the tunicate Di&num candidam, but the remaining four indoles [2-51 are novel compounds. Theseshowed anti-serotonin activity and a strong affinity for somatostatin and neuropeptide Y receptors in receptor-binding assays. In a recent paper we reported the isolation and the structure elucidation of two new diastereomeric brominated trisindole alkaloids occurring as enantiomeric pairs and designated as (?)gelliusines A and B El] (1). They represented the major components of a deepwater New Caledonian sponge and constituted the first example of tris-indole metabolites encountered among alkaloids derived from marine sources (2-9). Continuing with the analysis of the less polar extract of this sponge we have isolated four new brominated indole alkaloids E2-51, together with the known 2,2-bis(6'-bromo-3'-indolyl)-ethylamine [G} (lo), and in this paper we report rheir isolation and structure elucidation. The sponge was originally identified as Gellius sp. (Grey) and was later identified by Professor Levi of the Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle of Paris as an Orina sp. (Grey). Orina is a genus closely allied to GeZZizs, sometimes attributed to the family Adicidae Laubenfelds, and sometimes to the family Haliclonidae Laubenfelds. This sponge is probably a new specíes; a taxonomic description was reported in the previous paper (1). We prefer to continue to name thenew metabolitespresently described as gelliusines, as they are related to those isolated previously (1).


The superconducting characteristics of oxide superconductor at lowtemperature have been summarized in this paper.The experiments show thatthe critical current density J_c of the order of 1x10~5.A/cm~2 is obtained at fieldabout 20T at 4.2K and the J_c scarcely depended on the magnetic field.Thisresults indicate that the oxide superconductor could be used for an extremelyhigh field superconducting magnet at 4.2K.


Deep learning (DL) has become a key component of modern software. In the "big model" era, the rich features of DL-based software (i.e., DL software) substantially rely on powerful DL models, e.g., BERT, GPT-3, and the recently emerging GPT-4, which are trained on the powerful cloud with large datasets. Hence, training effective DL models has become a vital stage in the whole software lifecycle. When training deep learning models, especially those big models, developers need to parallelize and distribute the computation and memory resources amongst multiple devices (e.g., a cluster of GPUs) in the training process, which is known as distributed deep learning training, or distributed training for short. However, the unique challenges that developers encounter in distributed training process have not been studied in the software engineering community. Given the increasingly heavy dependence of current DL-based software on distributed training, this paper aims to fill in the knowledge gap and presents the first comprehensive study on developers' issues in distributed training. To this end, we focus on popular DL frameworks that support distributed training (including TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, and Horovod) and analyze 1,131 real-world developers' issues about using these frameworks reported on Stack Overflow and GitHub. We construct a fine-grained taxonomy consisting of 30 categories regarding the fault symptoms and summarize common fix patterns for different symptoms. We find that: (1) many distributed-specific faults and non-distributed-specific faults inherently share the same fault symptoms, making it challenging to debug; (2) most of the fault symptoms have frequent fix patterns; (3) about half of the faults are related to system-level configurations. Based on the results, we suggest actionable implications on research avenues that can potentially facilitate the distributed training to develop DL-based software, such as focusing on the frequent and common fix patterns when designing testing or debugging tools, developing efficient testing and debugging techniques for communication configuration along with the synthesis of network configuration analysis, designing new multi-device checkpoint-and-replay techniques to help reproduction, and designing serverless APIs for cloud platforms.


Regeneration of black cherry (Prunusserotina Ehrh.) on the Allegheny Plateau is often inadequate, but in some cases it may be improved through fertilization and planting. Thirty open-pollinated families of select phenotypes from a clonal orchard and natural stands were evaluated using four rates of nitrogen at three sites to determine the magnitude of family variation in current annual height increment and height at age 2 and the extent of family × nitrogen interactions. Significant nitrogen effects were observed in the variation in both the 2nd year's annual height increment and total height at one site. A 27% increase in current annual increment was associated with the application of nitrogen. Family variation in height was evident at all sites; the range between the tallest and shortest families varied between 46 and 66% of the respective plantation height. Family × nitrogen interactions were never an important source of variation. Implications for a black cherry artificial regeneration program are dis...


Continued load growth at the Sellafield nuclear chemical site caused a review of its high-voltage power system and its cabling. Type-test evidence was not available for the newer XPLE cabling systems. The authors describe how tests, in conjunction with the manufacturers, generated the necessary evidence for such a review. >


The transformation of socio-ecological systems (SES) has accelerated and is driven by a broad range of factors. Consequently, providing resilience in SES became more challenging, as the drivers are influenced by complex interactions between the social actors (i.e., consumers, producers, and influencers of ecosystem services) and their interactions with the ecosystem itself. As the entire society is affected by landscape changes and lasting damage of ecosystems resulting from the interplay of different drivers, a better public understanding of the transformation processes needs to be achieved. Because dynamics of SES are the result of emergent effects caused by complex local interactions of the actors, the comprehensibility is restricted and public communication is challenging. This work aims at making dynamics of SES experienceable by using an agent-based simulation approach as serious game. By modeling the actors as intelligent software agents, differentiated decision-making and individual goals can be implemented and transformation processes can be simulated.


The returns of assets that are traded on financial markets are more volatile than the returns offered by intermediaries such as banks and insurance companies. This suggests that individual investors are exposed to more risk in countries which rely heavily on financial markets. In the absence of a complete set of Arrow-Debreu securities, there may be a role for institutions that can smooth asset returns over time. In this paper, we consider one such mechanism. We present an example of an economy in which the incompleteness of financial markets leads to underinvestment in reserves whereas the optimum, for a broad class of welfare functions, requires the holding of large reserves in order to smooth asset returns over time. We then argue that a long-lived intermediary may be able to implement the optimum. However, the position of the intermediary is fragile; competition from financial markets can cause the intertemporal smoothing mechanisms to unravel, in which case the intermediary will do no better than the market.


Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndromes(HFRS).Methods The clinical data of 15 HFRS patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Fourteen of 15 patients were misdiagnosed in early stage.After treatment,14 were cured and discharged,1 improved.Conclusion HFRS has a variety of clinical manifestations,early misdiagnosis rate remains high.Clinicians should raise awareness of HFRS.After the appropriate aggressive treatment,most patients have a good prognosis.


In this Working Paper, we use the nime model to assess the macroeconomic effects of an oil price shock on the world economy. We start with an overview of the nime model, and a presentation of our modelling of oil price shocks. Next, we examine the effect of a permanent 25 per cent increase in the price of oil, under the assumption that the shock is caused by an increase in the mark-up of the oil price.


The objective of the present study was to synthesize E-3-arylidene flavanones by one-pot method and screen them for anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. A set of four E-3-arylidene flavanones were synthesized by simple base-catalyzed condensation of appropriate aryl aldehydes and 2'-hydroxy acetophenone. Screening for the antiinflammatory activity was done by carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Test for antibacterial activity was carried out by cup-plate method. Due to structural similarity with natural flavanones, all the synthesized compounds were expected to exhibit some activity, however only three of the compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action. Keywords: E-3-Arylidene flavanone; One-pot method; Anti-inflammatory activity; Antibacterial activity


Production characteristics of fractured wells in unconventional heterogeneous reservoirs have been shown to be effectively captured via anomalous diffusion model in which a partial differential equation (PDE) with fractional derivatives is solved. This paper presents a novel semianalytical solution of the nonlinear fractional diffusivity equation (FDE) applied to compressible fluid (gas) flow toward hydraulic fractures placed in heterogeneous and complex geological porous media. Self-similar theory and scaling transformation are used to solve the nonlinear PDE of fractional derivative written for real gas flow using density as the primary variable. The governing nonlinear partial gas FDE is transformed to ordinary nonlinear fractional differential equation after introducing similarity variables, which is later solved via shooting method coupled with Runge-Kutta integration. Pressure-dependent gas properties are captured straightforwardly in the solution without resorting to any further linearization via pseudopressure or pseudotime functions. The proposed similarity-based semianalytical solution is benchmarked against a Laplace transform-based analytical solution for linear, liquid FDE, and validated against a finely gridded numerical solution for the nonlinear, gas FDE. The proposed solution enables the diagnostic interpretation and characterization of production responses of unconventional gas wells exhibiting power-law behavior on the premise of anomalous diffusion during early transient period, which permits the estimation of important reservoir and fracture properties as shown in the case studies. Field and numerical examples are presented to showcase the capabilities of the proposed approach in the inverse, rate transient analysis.


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The role of creativity in local economic development has been widely discussed. The evidence on this linkage is, however, mixed. This work tries to highlight the nexus by taking into consideration a new aspect, that is, the multidimensional nature of creativity and the potential synergic and complementary effects of creative talents of different nature. The merging of talents is, indeed, a source of original, complex and synergic ideas which are at the basis of the positive relation between creativity and local development. The work addresses this issue conceptually and proves the expectations through an empirical application on Italian provinces (NUTS 3). El papel de la creatividad en el desarrollo economico local se ha discutido ampliamente. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre este vinculo es mixta. Este trabajo intenta resaltar este nexo teniendo en cuenta un nuevo aspecto, que es la naturaleza multidimensional de la creatividad y los posibles efectos sinergicos y complementarios de los talentos creativos de diferente naturaleza. La fusion de talentos es, de hecho, una fuente de ideas originales, complejas y sinergicas que forman la base de la relacion positiva entre la creatividad y el desarrollo local. Este estudio aborda este tema conceptualmente y demuestra las expectativas mediante una aplicacion empirica en provincias italianas (NUTS 3). 地方の経済発展におけるクリエイティビティの役割は、これまで広く議論されてきている。しかし、この連関に関するエビデンスは相反したものである。本稿では、クリエイティビティの多面性と、性質の異なるクリエイティブな才能のシナジー的かつ相互補完的な潜在的効果という新しい側面を考慮してその連関のつながりを明らかにする。実のところ、数ある才能を一つにすることが、クリエイティビティと地方の発展の正の関連性の根底をなす独創的で複雑かつシナジー的なアイデアの根源となる。この問題について概念的に取り組み、NUTS 3に属するイタリアの州で実証的な応用研究により仮説を検証する。


Although MIDI is often used for computer-based interactive music applications, its real-time performance is rarely quantified, despite concerns about whether it is capable of adequate performance in realistic settings. We extend existing proposals for MIDI performance benchmarking so they are useful in realistic interactive scenarios, including those with heavy MIDI traffic and CPU load. We have produced a cross-platform-freely-available testing suite that is easy to use, and have used it to survey the interactive performance of several commonly-used computer/MIDI setups. We describe the suite, summarize the results of our performance survey, and detail the benefits of this testing methodology.


The synthesis of organic rectorite(OREC) is studied using two different quaternary ammonium bromine salt (QAS1,QAS2) and benzidine (BZD) with rectorite (REC).The structures of layer inorganic and three kinds of organic rectorites are discussed through FITR and X-ray diffraction pattern.The thermal stability is also studied.The results showed that quaternary ammonium salt and BZD can make the layer of REC extended.Properties of composites of OREC/polymer are also studied.The composites'tensile strength and heat decompose temperature are higher than those of pure polymer.


We examined the psychological support of social interaction in the process of team building in the training of specialists in the field of "Physics and technology of optical communication" and "Photonics and optoinformatics". The article justifies the need to develop a methodology using psychological and pedagogical approaches. The results of a diagnostic study of the students' social interaction skills maturity are analyzed. Functional blocks of the methodology "Psychological support for the formation of universal competence" are presented. The project of training programs for team building on the implementation of professional prospects and improvement of the planned plans in the chosen profession is proposed.


MEDICATION ERRORS remain prevalent in healthcare. In fact, it's estimated that a hospitalized patient is subject to at least one medication error per day with variation across facilities.1 Adverse drug events, defined as harm experienced by a patient because of exposure to a medication, affect n


The track of tropical cyclones (TCs) formed in the South China Sea (SCS) can be divided into eastward and westward directions. Significant decadal variation during 1980–2020 only exists in the number of eastward‐moving TCs, especially during July–September, with 47% TCs moving eastward during 1994–2004 (Period II), 22% during 1980–1993 (Period I) and only 15% during 2005–2020 (Period III). This decadal change is related to the zonal shift of Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). An eastward‐retreated WPSH during 1994–2004 leads to upward motion and westerly flow anomaly over the northern SCS, and therefore favors TC genesis and eastward motion. The eastward‐retreated WPSH is associated with a warm sea surface temperature anomaly over the tropical western‐central Pacific which induces a cyclonic flow and weakens the WPSH. With the weaker modulation of WPSH, stronger intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the SCS during Period II favors eastward‐moving TCs due to the westerly flow associated with the ISO.


An efficient numerical method developed recently in Russia for calculations of dilute particle phase flow fields in two-phase gas-particle flows is presented in this paper. The method is based on the full Lagrangian approach (FLA) to the description of the regular motion of the particle phase. The collisionless "gas" of particles is treated as a continuum for which all basic equations, namely, the continuity equation, the momentum equation and the energy equation are written in the Lagrangian coordinates. The traditional Lagrangian approach (LA) widely used in the West does not deal with the explicit form of the continuity equation for the particle phase, and this is the key difference between FLA and LA. The FLA-method has some advantages over the traditional Lagrangian technique. Examples of numerical calculations of two-phase flows with a complex particle phase flow structure illustrate this method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


There are many cases of smelling disorders, which can impact an individual's ability to smell. In addition, it's important to understand there is a whole population among us who cannot smell (anosmia), who may have grown up never smelling (congenital anosmia), or who have reduced smell (hyposmia). Because the sense of smell is not as severe, life-threatening, or well-known, it is not widely studied. With the lack of research in this field, people with smell disorders have few treatment options. While there is some research on anosmia, the understanding of anosmia has plateaued, with many articles re-visiting known causes and common evaluation methods. More in-depth knowledge, however, is known only to a handful of researchers or specialized doctors. This literature review will discuss the research on anosmia, covering causes and effects of anosmia, with some discussion of physiology. This paper will also analyze relevant research that may point to potential treatments, touching on olfactory dysfunctions that may help us to understand anosmia.


Recently, biped robots are flourished all over the world. Japan, as a leading country of biped robots, plans to send them into the moon. The project is greatly magnificent, but there are lots of problems to operate biped robots on lunar surface. One of the biggest problems is the difference of gravity between the moon and the earth. Therefore, it is necessary to develop control methods concerning the reduced gravity. This paper proposes a novel control method to generate gait under variable gravity. Previous study shows a method to generate gait based on passive dynamic walking. Proposed method expands the previous study and enables to control robots' step length and velocity on any slope angle under variable gravity. The concept of the proposed method is to generate gait based on natural relativities of passive dynamic walking: the step length depends on the slope angle and the velocity depends on the gravity. To generate control inputs, we derive the passive dynamic walking that corresponds to the desired gait in terms of step length and velocity. Then we apply this referential passive dynamic walking to previous method and we obtain control inputs. With proposed method, it is shown that simulation results under variable gravity conform to the desired gait.


The development of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems and integration in our structures is a necessity. It has proven to provide a robust and low-cost solution for monitoring structural integrity and can predict the remaining life of our structures. One of the most important aspects of SHM systems is the design and implementation of sensor networks. This study proposes a new hybrid model for optimizing sensor placement on convex and non-convex structures. We propose a novel framework in which two detection mechanisms are considered: pitch-catch and pulse-echo to provide coverage for a given surface. These two mechanisms will complement each other to minimize the number of sensors used while maintaining a high coverage. This combination also allows for better coverage of the corners and regions in the proximity of geometrical discontinuity (such as holes and openings). The monitored area is discretized into a set of control points. For a control point to be covered, it should satisfy the user-defined coverage level which is the number of sensing paths crossing that point. These sensing paths are provided by two modes of communications (pitch-catch and pulse-echo) between the actuator-sensor pairs. The model, which is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), provides flexibility by allowing the user to input different parameters such as the attenuation distance of the propagating waves and the sensing path limits of both coverage configurations that can be determined through experimentation. The efficiency of the proposed model is then demonstrated by simulating different geometrical shapes. Significant improvement in the coverage of the monitored area, reaching 34.6%, was achieved when compared to the coverage provided by some preliminary solutions such as uniformly placing the sensors on the plate under study. Also, the advantage of combining both configurations (pitch-catch and pulse-echo) in the same model was investigated. It was shown that the latter highly impacted the coverage in the blind zones (corners and edges) where a single configuration is not effective. Afterward, experimental validation was carried out to evaluate the model's accuracy in damage localization within the optimized sensor networks. The results demonstrated the proficiency of the model developed in distributing the sensors on the tested specimens.


Objective
To set up weight coefficient of qualification and evaluation system so as to implement a normative and standardized system for assessment of clinical teachers of master of nursing specialist (MNS) postgraduates.

Methods
The indicator system was established by Delphi method. The indicators weight was obtained through analytic hierarchy process, and the logic consistency test was calculated.

Results
The first five weight of qualification indicators were as follows: registered nurse (0.168 6), clinical working experiences (0.235 2), clinical teaching experiences (0.201 6), education background and professional title (0.141 0), research subjects they preside over or participate in (0.081 7). The results of indicators order in single level and whole system had a satisfied consistency (CR<0.10).

Conclusions
The study on weighting values of the system could help it more scientific, reliable and practical.

Key words:
Master of nursing specialist; Clinical teachers; Weight; Analytic hierarchy process


We investigate higher order difference equations and obtain some results on the growth of transcendental meromorphic solutions, which are complementary to the previous results. Examples are also given to show the sharpness of these results. We also investigate the growth of transcendental entire solutions of a homogeneous algebraic difference equation by using the difference analogue of Wiman-Valiron Theory.


the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photoperiod-advanced spawning and hormonally- induced ovulation on egg quality and egg transcriptome. experimentations were performed using 3 groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from an autumn-spawning strain: (i) natural spawning, (ii) photoperiod-advanced, and (iii) hor - monally-induced group. For each female, egg quality was evaluated by measuring survival and malformations at yolk-sac resorption. transcriptome analysis was performed using aGenae microarrays displaying 9,152 rainbow trout cD nas. Differential analysis showed that the transcriptome of unfertilized oocyte could be influenced by environmental perturba- tions, such as photoperiod regime or hormonal induction, and could be reflective of egg developmental capacities after fer - tilization. in the present study, we clearly show that photoperiod manipulation and hormonal induction can induce major egg quality defects. We observed that both hormonal induction and photoperiod control induced significant changes in the egg mrna abundance of 26 genes. among them, a dramatic increase of m rna levels of apolipoprotein C1 ( aPoC1) and the tyrosine protein kinase (HCK) was observed in eggs sampled after a hormonal induction of ovulation. in addition, prohibitin 2 (PHB2) was identified from the microarray anal - ysis and confirmed by real-time PCR analysis as transcript over abundant in eggs exhibiting reduced developmental potential. conclusions


The generation and storage of entangled photons play important roles in quantum information technique. Spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) in atomic ensembles provides a promising method to generate entangled photons capable of storage. In the past experiments, a spin-wave-photon entangled state is produced via SRS in an atomic ensemble, with which a pair of entangled photons is obtained. Here, we report a scheme of simultaneously generating two spin-wave-photon entangled states in an atomic ensemble by collecting Stokes photons at two different directions. Based on the obtained two atom-photon entangled sources, we generate a three-photon GHZ polarization-entangled state and conditionally prepare a polarization-entangled photon pair, respectively.


Abstract Introduction: The present cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the standards of clinical training regarding morning report and data gathering was done using 3 assessment lists and a list of evidence, which covered 54 standards of morning report in total. The first assessment list, which included 37 questions, was filled in person by direct observation during morning report. The second assessment list included 26 questions and was filled by interviewing either education chief executive or department head of the emergency department (ED). The third assessment list consisted of 10 questions and was filled by questioning the chief resident of the department. Then the final absolute score and its percentage were determined and ranked based on obligatory and preferred standards. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and 0.05 was considered as significance level. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was done to evaluate the standards of clinical training regarding morning report and data gathering was done using 3 assessment lists and a list of evidence, which covered 54 standards of morning report in total. The first assessment list, which included 37 questions, was filled in person by direct observation during morning report. The second assessment list included 26 questions and was filled by interviewing either education chief executive or department head of the emergency department (ED). The third assessment list consisted of 10 questions and was filled by questioning the chief resident of the department. Then the final absolute score and its percentage were determined and ranked based on obligatory and preferred standards. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis and 0.05 was considered as significance level. Results: Findings resulting from 50 morning reports in ED of Imam Hossein Hospital and 94 morning reports in ED of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital were analyzed. In ED of Imam Hossein Hospital, mean score was 89.5% regarding obligatory standards and 45.7% in preferred standards. In ED of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, mean score was 73.6% for obligatory standards and 60% for preferred standards. Mean score of Imam Hossein Hospital was significantly higher than Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital regarding obligatory standards (p = 0.025). Although preferred standards were carried out better in Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, compared to Imam Hossein Hospital, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.1). In total, mean score of the hospitals considering all standards of morning report, was 66.8% in Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital and 67.6% in Imam Hossein Hospital, which were not significantly different (p = 0.92). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mean total score of all the standards regarding morning report in EDs of Shohadaye Tajrish and Imam Hossein Hospitals was average. Mean score of obligatory standards was significantly higher in ED of Imam Hossein Hospital, compared to ED of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. Although the score regarding preferred standards was higher in Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, compared to Imam Hossein Hospital, this difference was not statistically significant.


The article discusses tools for improving production processes. The aim of the article was to compare them with a modern Industry 4.0 tool used to improve the production process. In the era of dynamically developing information systems, for monitoring production, acquiring large amounts of information during their work, it enables the implementation of advanced strategies in the area of maintenance and servicing of machines. The concept of Industry 4.0 remains at the center of the discussion of engineers and has a major impact on manufacturers of innovative machines as well as their end users. The combination of production processes with information technologies, which in themselves develop at a very fast rate, makes the automation of production lines more flexible, merges logistic processes and optimizes the value chain. Industry 4.0 means the integration of intelligent machines, systems and the introduction of changes in production processes aimed at increasing production efficiency and introducing the possibility of flexible product changes.


This report describes the computer program CYCLE which models and analyzes various Rankine cycle systems including supercritical cycles with or without regeneration and subcritical cycles with or without regeneration and/or super heat. The program will accommodate a variety of working fluids, generating the required thermodynamic properties internally using a modest number of input constants. The program version presented is written in FORTRAN IV in a conversational mode suitable for timesharing. The subroutine is presently operating on Sandia's CDD 6600 computer as part of program SOLSYS and as a main program on the NOS time sharing computer system. The program is a part of Sandia's Solar Community effort to analyze and evaluate systems for the conversion of solar energy to provide the community's total energy needs.


Two-dimensional Fermi gases display novel collective behavior originating from head-on carrier-carrier collisions. Such collisions dominate in degenerate Fermi systems owing to the interplay of Pauli blocking and momentum conservation. The predominantly head-on character of two-body collisions results in a large number of modes with anomalously slow relaxation rates, associated with the odd-parity harmonics of momentum distribution. The odd-parity kinetic effects directly impact transport, rendering viscosity, conductivity and other transport coefficients scale-dependent over a wide range of lengthscales with nontrivial halfinteger scaling dimensions.


Over the past five years, the use of Information Technology in schools has taken on a new dimension. If is now accepted as a regular tool in the support of all curriculum subjects for all ages from infants to senior students.


This survey was designed as an exploratory study to analysis of the relationship between enrolment rate in secondary education, primary enrollment rate, population density, nominal efficiency, busy population, GINI index, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), homicide rate, represents the dimensions, Education, Economy, Employment and Income, Social Inequality e Violence, using a multivariate statistics. The municipalities in which at Bahia's Concave territory were objects of study for this research. We note that the variation between cities are not influenced by homicide rate and can be explained for the dimensions Employment and Income and Education. The dimension Violence receives strong influences from homicide rate, per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and enrolment rate in secondary education. The positive correlation between dimension Violence and enrolment rate in secondary education shows that analysis case school enrollment does not mean that inclusive educational policy.


Empirical force‐field calculations on biological molecules represent an effective method to obtain atomic detail information on the relationship of their structure to their function. Results from those calculations depend on the quality of the force field. In this manuscript, optimization of the CHARMM27 all‐atom empirical force field for nucleic acids is presented together with the resulting parameters. The optimization procedure is based on the reproduction of small molecule target data from both experimental and quantum mechanical studies and condensed phase structural properties of DNA and RNA. Via an iterative approach, the parameters were primarily optimized to reproduce macromolecular target data while maximizing agreement with small molecule target data. This approach is expected to ensure that the different contributions from the individual moieties in the nucleic acids are properly balanced to yield condensed phase properties of DNA and RNA, which are consistent with experiment. The quality of the presented force field in reproducing both crystal and solution properties are detailed in the present and an accompanying manuscript (MacKerell and Banavali, J Comput Chem, this issue). The resultant parameters represent the latest step in the continued development of the CHARMM all‐atom biomolecular force field for proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 86–104, 2000


Having analyzed the problems in resources exploitation and utilization,this article calls for a change from special to integrated supervision in mineral areas,which,under the guidance of modern scientific management theories,forms a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for the development and environment of mineral areas.Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward:Various supervision methods must be used together;,clean production under ecological management should be promoted;and all in all,Traditional pollution-and-remedy must be changed into all process supervision.


In recent years,the pork price kept going up.At present,the pork price has reached 34~36 yuan/kg,even 40yuan/kg in some markets,it increased 28%~30% compared to June last year 24~26 yuan/kg.Wholesale price is 22 yuan/kg,it was 12 yuan/kg the corresponding period peroid of last year,the growth rate was 1.8 times.In this article,take our city as an example,briefly analyzed the main reason and effects and provided involved suggetions about stablize the developmemt of pig production in the future.


Abstract Compounds containing pentacovalent phosphorus in six-member rings have been synthesized. These are structural models for potential enzyme or substrate adducts of CAMP. The presence of twist rather than chair form P(V) containing rings was demonstrated by 1H NMR analysis.


Recent advances demonstrated the feasibility of realizing spin-based quantum computation in Silicon. To make further progress towards a large-scale implementation of spin-based quantum device technologies, a reliable fabrication process with good yield and device uniformity is a crucial requirement. We address this challenge by integrating a prototype spin qubit device in a 300 mm process, using state-of-the-art, CMOS-compatible process steps. We demonstrate well-formed single-electron transistors with a feature size of 50 nm, individual electron controllability and show multi-gate control uniformity from room-down to low-temperature. Dots with charging energies of 1–2 meV and sizes of around 46 nm are estimated, in excellent agreement with design geometry. The noise power spectrum reveals 1/f noise with an amplitude of $2~\mu $ eV at 1 Hz. This successful integration enables further exploration of reproducible Silicon-based spin qubit devices and opens paths for systematic investigation of the performance and scalability of future spin-based qubit devices.


Themastitis ofdairy cowisoneofthemost commondiseasethat causegreat economic loss in dairyproduction.Although some progress was made in the past on the mechanisms of defense and pathogens is of the disease,study on the disease is still needed to go further.It reviews achievements obtained on studies of the defense mechanism against the dis-ease,including the active immune cells,humor factors and cell factors in blood and mile,which function in the mammary gland protection.Distribution and function of the white cells,as well as factors resulting in decrease on immunity during lactation are discussed.All above is applicable in precaution of mastitis.


This paper describes the idea of the information construction of the aptitude edifice and its subsystem. It mainly discusses the construction project.


We have simulated solar spicules using MgII k and H Lyα line emissions as radiative cooling mechanism in the chromosphere and low transition region. The radiative transfer is treated by the improved core-saturation method and the effect of partial redistribution on the spicule modelling is examined. The calculations show that the inclusion of line emission greatly improves the time-dependence and the physical behaviour of the spicule model. Partial redistribution may be important for the simulation of realistic line profiles, but its influence on the energetics of the spicule simulation is small


Abstract Using the Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC) method, the activation energy of trapping levels in sol-gel deposited lead titanate films was determined. Four levels were found in films annealed at 550 °C and 600 °C. Their activation energies are: E1 = 0.23 eV, E2 = 0.30 eV, E3 = 0.34 eV and E4 = 0.40 eV. For the films annealed at 650 °C only one level (E2) was observed. It was found that the TSC magnitude decreases if the same sample is subjected to several cycles of cooling and heating between 100 K and 373 K in vacuum. This suggests a "healing" of the traps, probably due to the desorption of some gaseous species from the surface of the ferroelectric thin film.


Research Summary A growing literature uses cooperative game theory to develop formal strategy theories of value creation and value capture. In a recent review, Gans and Ryall () provide an introduction to this literature in which they emphasize the biform modeling framework of Brandenburger and Stuart (, ). The purpose of this article is to extend the work of Gans and Ryall () by (a) discussing the many ways that cooperative game theory and allied models can contribute to strategy research beyond the biform framework itself, and (b) offering recommendations for choosing among formal modeling options, both cooperative and noncooperative. Managerial Summary Growing numbers of strategy scholars are using cooperative game theory to study strategic interaction and develop practical tools for managers, because it offers the mathematical precision of traditional formal modeling techniques while imposing fewer constraints on the actions of firms and managers. Gans and Ryall () review cooperative game theory, with a particular focus on a version developed by Brandenburger and Stuart (, ). This article extends Gans and Ryall () by discussing the many additional ways that cooperative game theory can contribute to strategy research and how to choose between cooperative game theory and other formal modeling methods.


Preoperative soft tissue rcentgenography was studied retrospectively in 193 patients histologically diagnosed postoperatively. Calcifications were found out 43 of the 193 cases. The positive rate was 43.4% in malignant diseases and 19.8% in benign conditions. Calcifications were divided into two groups, larger than 0.5mm in diameter as coarse and smaller than 0.5mm as psammomatous. By this definition, psammomatous calcifications were found only in cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. And these calcifications were also classified into five types (type I-V) according to Noguchi's pattern classification, which was added our new definition mentioned above. Using this pattern classification, type II was found in 60% of the malignant conditions and type III in 95% of the benign diseases.


Scheduling is an essential project management function. Construction projects require clearly understood schedules for timely and successful completion. Network diagrams communicate numerical scheduling information. While research has addressed network analysis, the graphical comprehension has been addressed less. Software applications do not optimize their graphical output, but may obscure dependencies, rather than clarify them, and lack guidelines to produce quality schedule diagrams. This paper describes an arrangement algorithm to simplify the representation of CPM networks toward few crossings. The algorithm asserts that fundamentally the nodes and links bear an equivalence that makes them graphically interchangeable, so that it may operate even on deeply nested dependencies. It is designed with abstraction for potential application beyond CPM scheduling. It attempts to replicate the human intuition of a scheduler to minimize the computational time to support its adoption, places no special demands on implementation and requires only integer arithmetic and array memory storage capabilities.


Introduction Amantadine is a well-known medication with indications in neurology and infectious diseases. It is currently FDA approved for Parkinson's disease, drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, and influenza. Methods The article is the author's original research hypothesis. Results Because more people are going to be vaccinated and additional similar vaccines are going to be introduced, we should take into consideration the potential of amantadine to interfere with LNP-mRNA COVID-19 vaccine delivery into the target cells. Conclusions A more cautious approach to the patients taking amantadine as far as vaccination utilizing LNP-mRNA platform should be considered.


Antti Lindqvist Engendering Group Support Based Foresight for Capital Intensive Manufacturing Industries Case Paper and Steel Industry Scenarios by 2018 Lappeenranta 2009 251 p. Acta Universitatis Lappeenrantaensis 364 Diss. Lappeenranta University of Technology ISBN 978-952-214-853-7, ISBN 978-952-214-854-4 (PDF) ISSN 1456-4491 In recent times of global turmoil, the need for uncertainty management has become ever momentous. The need for enhanced foresight especially concerns capital-intensive industries, which need to commit their resources and assets with long-term planning horizons. Scenario planning has been acknowledged to have many virtues and limitations concerning the mapping of the future and illustrating the alternative development paths. The present study has been initiated to address both the need of improved foresight in two capital-intensive industries, i.e. the paper and steel industries and the imperfections in the current scenario practice. The research problem has been approached by engendering a problem-solving vehicle, which combines, e.g. elements of generic scenario process, face-to-face group support methods, deductive scenario reasoning and causal mapping into a fully integrated scenario process. The process, called the SAGES scenario framework, has been empirically tested by creating alternative futures for two capital-intensive industries, i.e. the paper and steel industries. Three scenarios for each industry have been engendered together with the identification of the key megatrends, the most important foreign investment determinants, key future drivers and leading indicators for the materialisation of the scenarios. The empirical results revealed a two-fold outlook for the paper industry, while the steel industry future was seen as much more positive. The research found support for utilising group support systems in scenario and strategic planning context with some limitations. Key perceived benefits include high time-efficiency, productivity and lower resource-intensiveness. Group support also seems to enhance participant satisfaction, encourage innovative thinking and provide the users with personalised qualitative scenarios.


* Chapter 1: Primary and secondary batteries: fuel cells and metal-air cells * Chapter 2: Definitions and basic principles * Chapter 3: Primary batteries for civilian use * Chapter 4: Lead-acid storage batteries * Chapter 5: Alkaline storage batteries * Chapter 6: High temperature batteries * Chapter 7: Room temperature cells with solid electrolytes


solutions to a one-dimensional differential equation for motion along the field axis. We present results in which a finite-difference technique is used to solve this equation numerically. Values for the electron wave function at discrete points along the field axis are then determined. By calculating the discrete Fourier transform of this set of values, an analytical form for the wave function in terms of sines and cosines is obtained. These resultant wave functions are then used to calculate a Hamiltonian matrix in which mixing between different high-field states is included. Diagonalization of this matrix yields improved values for the energies of the impurity states. Where previous results exist, our results are compared with those of other theoretical approaches and from experiments on the donor in GaAs. The advantage of our approach is that it enables both energies and wave functions to be determined without any prior assumptions of the form of the wave function in the field direction. This includes expressions for highly excited states which are difficult to obtain by other means. The results demonstrate the validity of the present method of calculation. @S0163-1829~98!08315-5#


—This paper describes a method to exploit the concatenation of very simple component codes in order to obtain good low-density parity-check codes. This allows to design codes having a number of benefits, as high flexibility in length and rate and low encoding complexity. We focus on two kinds of concatenation: the former is classic serial concatenation, in which redundancy is progressively added to the encoded word, whereas the latter is the special case of concatenation coinciding with a bi-dimensional product code. The proposed design technique allows to obtain codes characterized by parity-check matrices with a low density of 1 symbols and free of short cycles in their associated Tanner graph; so efficient algorithms based on the belief propagation principle can be adopted for their decoding. In addition, the systematic form of the component codes can ensure rate compatibility; so the proposed codes can be adopted in type-II hybrid automatic repeat request schemes. We analyze their properties through theoretical arguments and provide some design examples to assess their performance.


The continuous effort to achieve more efficiency of steel structures results to decrease their weight. Generally, it is accepted that the weight decreasing of steel structures could be achieved mainly by their geometrical and material optimization, using the thin- walled cross-sections and the higher strength steels. The results of numerical analysis of middle and higher strength structural steels using in compression members are presented in the paper. The homogeneous I cross-sections of the members with web slenderness βw = 40, 48, 60, 80, 120; member length L = 3,0; 4,0; 5,0; 6,0 m and structural steels S235, S275, S355, S420 and S460 were assumed. The full theoretical plastic load Npl, local post-critical load Nul and global buckling load Nuy and Nuz for all considered members by the European standards EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-5 for the design of steel structures were calculated. It is known that these standards have been transformed into national standards of all CEN countries which are generally used from 2010. The effective applying of the higher strength steels on the compressed members taking in consideration their shaping and material optimization is presented in this paper. The obtained numerical results are compared and analysed by choosing technical parameters.


Hospitality culture is important part of company culture. This paper discusses the important role played by basic internal construction of hospitality culture in enterprise management.


Liver lesion segmentation is a difficult yet critical task for medical image analysis. Recently, deep learning based image segmentation methods have achieved promising performance, which can be divided into three categories: 2D, 2.5D and 3D, based on the dimensionality of the models. However, 2.5D and 3D methods can have very high complexity and 2D methods may not perform satisfactorily. To obtain competitive performance with low complexity, in this paper, we propose a Feature-fusion Encoder-Decoder Network (FED-Net) based 2D segmentation model to tackle the challenging problem of liver lesion segmentation from CT images. Our feature fusion method is based on the attention mechanism, which fuses high-level features carrying semantic information with low-level features having image details. Additionally, to compensate for the information loss during the upsampling process, a dense upsampling convolution and a residual convolutional structure are proposed. We tested our method on the dataset of MICCAI 2017 Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTS) Challenge and achieved competitive results compared with other state-of-the-art methods.


This article analyzes racial and ethnic patterns in media coverage of poverty in the United States, with a particular focus on depictions of African Americans and Hispanics. A content analysis of photos accompanying poverty-related stories published in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News & World Report from 1992 to 2010 shows that while Hispanics are underrepresented in media portrayals of the poor, African Americans are overrepresented, especially alongside stories on welfare, in times of economic growth and low unemployment, and in coverage unsympathetic to the poor more generally. I conclude that media coverage of poverty is unrepresentative in a manner consistent with stereotypes concerning African Americans and Hispanics, likely contributing to the endurance of such stereotypes and explaining the fact that welfare is as unpopular after welfare reform as it was prior to reform.

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Pilgrim, David. 2000. "The Coon Caricature." http://www.ferris.edu/news/jimcrow/coon/ Clinton, William J. "Statement on Signing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996," August 22, 1996. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=53219


The utility model discloses an easily repaired beam column node with a U-shaped energy dissipating element. The easily repaired beam column node comprises an H-shaped steel column and an H-shaped steel beam, wherein one end of the H-shaped steel beam is vertically and fixedly connected with the column flange of the H-shaped steel column, the H-shaped steel beam is formed by H-shaped short steel beams and an H-shaped long steel beam which are in a same specification in a splicing way, the upper flanges of the H-shaped short steel beams and the H-shaped long steel beam are fastened by virtue of fasteners through steel plates, beam webs of the H-shaped short steel beams and the H-shaped long steel beam are fastened by virtue of fasteners through a U-shaped connecting part, and the lower flanges of the H-shaped short steel beams and the H-shaped long steel beam are fastened by virtue of fasteners through the U-shaped energy dissipating element. The easily repaired beam column node provided by the utility model is used for the field of building steel structures, has better energy dissipating capacity, can be used for avoiding serious damage to beams and columns in great earthquakes and can also be repaired by only needing to change the U-shaped energy dissipating element.


The paper explores Internet disclosures of Polish public benefit organisations (PBOs) applying a comprehensive methodology of assessment of information provided by PBOs on their website and in social media. The study was conducted between October 2015 and February 2017 and included a sample of 250 randomly selected PBOs. Beside determining a share of Polish PBOs which are sustainably active on the web, a combined analytical approach using a scoring system and a cluster analysis enabled to define three strategies related to Internet disclosures, including: 'a contact page', 'a promotion website' and 'a stakeholder relationship portal'. Differences between the said approaches, together which factors influencing disclosure intensity and quality, including an Internet platform, financial status of an organisation and their activity domains, were identified, as well.


SUMMARY Millimeter wave (mmWave) massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems generally adopt hybrid precoding combining digital and analog precoder as an alternative to full digital precoding to reduce RF chains and energy consumption. In order to balance the rela-tionship between spectral e ffi ciency, energy e ffi ciency and hardware com- plexity, the hybrid-connected system structure should be adopted, and then the solution process of hybrid precoding can be simplified by decompos- ing the total achievable rate into several sub-rates. However, the singular value decomposition (SVD) incurs high complexity in calculating the opti- mal unconstrained hybrid precoder for each sub-rate. Therefore, this paper proposes PAST, a low complexity hybrid precoding algorithm based on projection approximate subspace tracking. The optimal unconstrained hybrid precoder of each sub-rate is estimated with the PAST algorithm, which avoids the high complexity process of calculating the left and right singular vectors and singular value matrix by SVD. Simulations demonstrate that PAST matches the spectral e ffi ciency of SVD-based hybrid precoding in full-connected (FC), hybrid-connected (HC) and sub-connected (SC) sys- tem structure. Moreover, the superiority of PAST over SVD-based hybrid precoding in terms of complexity and increases with the number of trans- mitting antennas.


Based on the background of China's entry into WTO this paper makes an analysis on the competition that China has from the developed country in manufa cturing industries and figures out an innovation strategy for China's manufactur ing industries to take.The content of the innovation strategy includes:the strat egic target,key domain of innovation,how to update and get advanced technology,a nd how to establish a national innovation system for developing China's manufact uring industries.


The present invention provides a method comprising, at least one product of phenol and 1-bromo-propane were mixed to form a mixture of 1-bromopropane product mixture containing phenol, and 1-bromopropane product from said phenol containing recovering a mixture of purified 1-bromopropane product. The present invention also provides a method for the preparation of 1-propanol and hydrogen bromide, 1-bromopropane product mixture, wherein the at least one phenol with 1-bromo-propane product mixture containing mixed to form 1-bromopropane product mixture of phenol, and recovering a purified 1-bromopropane product mixture from the phenol-containing 1-bromopropane product.


quality as of we formulate the problem as a game, the is a selection we design and also multiple We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our on balancing the quality and user disclosing


for their helpful insights. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office.


The literature on immigrant transnationalism and on irregular immigration suggests irregular migrants engage relatively little in transnational activities because of the obstacles associated with their legal and economic statuses. Drawing on participant observation and in-depth interviews with a diverse population of irregular migrants in Belgium and the Netherlands, however, I shall demonstrate in this article that irregular migrants do indeed engage in various transnational activities. Moreover, I argue that a focus on aspirations helps to understand why irregular migrants either do or do not engage in specific transnational activities. Distinguishing between investment, settlement and legalization aspirations, I analyse whether and for what reasons irregular migrants carry out economic, social and political transnational activities. I conclude that future research on transnationalism and on the incorporation of irregular and regular migrants alike could benefit from contextualizing the agency of migrants by taking their aspirations into account.


We give a summary of known results on Matveev's complexity of compact 3-manifolds. The only relevant new result is the classification of all closed orientable irreducible 3-manifolds of complexity 10.


We hypothesized that preemptive fibrinogen administration to obtain an initial plasma level of 2.9 g/L would reduce transfusion requirements in liver transplantation. A randomized, multicenter, hemoglobin‐stratified, double‐blind, fibrinogen‐versus‐saline–controlled trial was conducted. The primary end point was the percentage of patients requiring red blood cells. We evaluated 51 patients allocated to fibrinogen and 48 allocated to saline; the primary end point was assessed using data for 92 patients because the electronic record forms were offline for three patients in the fibrinogen group and four in the saline group. We injected a median of 3.54 g fibrinogen preemptively in the fibrinogen group. Nine patients in the saline group (20.9%) required fibrinogen at graft reperfusion (compared with one patient [2.1%] in the fibrinogen group; p = 0.005). Blood was transfused to 52.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42.5–63.3%) in the fibrinogen group and 42.74% (95% CI 28.3–57.2%) in the saline group (p = 0.217). Relative risk for blood transfusion was 0.80 (95% CI 0.57–1.13). Thrombotic events occurred in one patient (2.1%) and five patients (11.4%) in the fibrinogen and saline groups, respectively. Seven patients (14.6%) in the fibrinogen group and nine (20.3%) in the saline group required reoperation. Preemptive administration of fibrinogen concentrate did not influence transfusion requirements.


Many problems in design of stilling basins require a knowledge of various elements of hydraulic jump with known values as discharge and the energy lost in the jump. Even for a simple case of a rectangular channel the solutions of equations involve tedious methods of trial. For other sections like triangular, parabolic, trapezoidal and circular channels no method exists.


The Ebstein's anomaly consists of a congenital heart defect with rare malformation of the tricuspid valve, occurring in about 1% of congenital heart diseases. Compared to other congenital heart diseases, the anomaly described has a slower clinical course, with possible repercussions occurring only later in life. The aim of this report is the discussion of a clinical case involving a patient with Ebstein's anomaly with delayed diagnosis, poor clinical outcome and underwent tricuspid valve of break-action in less than two years of the first corrective surgery.


A device for exhaust gas purification at a supercharged by means of exhaust gas turbocharger internal combustion engine (with the exhaust line, switched turbine and secondary air via a first Einblaseleitug the turbine at cold driving operation, characterized by a downstream of the turbine (26) into the exhaust line (28) upstream confluent, second Einblaseleitung 56) is injected through the secondary air temporarily.


The overall aim of the thesis was to increase knowledge of health among people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and other long-term psychotic conditions. The aim was also to investiga ...


Citation for published version (APA): Schoofs, A. J. G., Kroon, P. J. M., & Campen, van, D. H. (1994). Optimization of structural and acoustical parameters of bells. In A collection of technical papers of the 5th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO symposium on multidisciplinary analysis and optimization, September 7-9, 1994, Panama City Beach, Fla. Part 2 (pp. 11671180). Washington, DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. (AIAA).


The rapid growths of power demand and renewable resources have led to numerous challenges. Constructing more resilient microgrids (MGs) provides an opportunity to avoid dependency on the main grid. This article proposes an innovative Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for microgrids that uses non-conventional energy sources such as solar power, wind power, and the storage of electric vehicles (EVs). Numerous studies have been published on MG EMSs using storage; however, in real-time scenarios, predominant factors limit their straightforward implementation. In this article, an attempt is made to address key aspects of EV storage exploitation to support MGEMSs. Minimizing the total MG energy cost is the key objective, considering EV battery longevity and technical limitations. The proposed EMS was implemented in three layers: Optimal Storage Distribution (OSD), Optimal Power Usage (OPU), and EV Selection (EVS). A novel probabilistic approach was implemented in the EVS process (using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)) to minimize battery degradation. Various case studies were analyzed in a grid-connected MG by implementing the proposed EMS.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Shinoda et al. (8) reporting a case of isolated central nervous system (CNS) hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We would like to comment on this very interesting case. First, the initial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an irregular ring-like enhanced lesion in the posterior right frontal lobe looked similar to those in our previously published case (6). However, in contrast to the case presented by Shinoda et al., our patient first developed systemic HLH at 1 year and 3-months of age and received immunochemotherapy. On the 37th week of therapy (age, 2 yr), monoplegia occurred at her left arm when a brain MRI scan revealed a large mass-like lesion at the right cerebral hemisphere as shown in Figure C1. We thought the MRI findings were not typical for CNS-HLH lesions, compared with the previously published common features (4, 7), thus the differential diagnosis from several other neurological disorders was required. In fact, the histopathological findings in our case were quite the same and compatible with those of Shinoda et al.'s case, except for positive Epstein-Barr early regions. As monoclonally proliferating Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell tumor manifested as CNS-HLH, she received whole brain irradiation (18 Gy) in association with systemic immunochemotherapy, with marked neurological improvement. Unfortunately, Shinoda et al. did not show any evidence of immune dysfunction in their case. Although the authors assumed that secondary HLH was more likely, we suspect familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) based on their patient's poor outcome. In general, the first symptoms of FHL are intractable fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Most FHL patients subsequently develop the CNS manifestations due to the infiltration of tissues by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. However, as the authors pointed out, there were some reports of isolated CNS cases discussed in their study. In the majority of cases of FHL, there is a close association between absent (or reduced) natural killer cell activity and CNS-HLH (5). More recently, Feldmann et al. (3) reported two FHL patients with an atypical CNS-HLH and leading to an early death. Functional and molecular analyses revealed the novel missense mutation in the perforin gene (FHL2) in the calciumbinding domain in patients who showed impaired in vitro cytotoxic activity. Their report emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of the atypical form of FHL as CNS involvement. If the case described by Shinoda et al. was also caused by similar pathogenetic mechanisms, determination of perforin gene mutation seems essential. In addition, it is worth searching for Munc13-4 (FHL3) gene mutations (2, 9), in which CNS disease is also high. Finally, regarding the therapeutic measures, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is essential to obtain a cure in FHL. Shinoda et al.'s patient took an aggressive clinical course and died without receiving HSCT, which may also strongly suggest FHL. By contrast, our patient, who was molecularly determined not to have FHL, has survived in response to continuation of immunochemotherapy and CD34 peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-haploidentical father (although the graft was rejected and early autologous reconstitution occurred). Currently, she is off therapy and is doing well at 9 years of age. According to the report by Anna Carin et al. (1), 15 of the 25 (60%) patients with CNS-HLH at diagnosis have been long-term survivors after HSCT. In conclusion, early diagnosis with use of molecular methods for FHL gene mutations and early introduction of HSCT is essential to improve the prognosis of HLH patients with CNS disease.


Small-cell lung cancer has aggressive clinical behavior. It is not uncommon for small-cell lung cancer patients to have pancreatic metastasis. However, metastasis-induced acute pancreatitis is rare. We report on a 65-year-old woman with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer with pancreatic metastasis initially presenting with acute pancreatitis. Computed tomography showed multiple pancreatic metastatic lesions, and pathology confirmed small cell carcinoma. This rare manifestation has an unfavorable outcome. Palliative chemotherapy may provide survival benefits in selected cases.


Introduction: Annual preparticipation physical evaluation (PPE) is used to screen adolescents for potential causes of sudden cardiac death prior to competitive athletics. While screening varies by ...


With the wide application of power electronic equipments in power system,more harmonic and reactive current are poured into the power system,which cause power pollution and make the power quality problem increasingly serious.Active power filter is an important equipment to compensate harmonic and reactive current in power system and the key of the effective compensation lies in the real-time and accurate control.Focusing on the current of three-phases power supply,the system configuration and operation principle of APF are introduced.The design and computing of the main components are discussed.


The most dangerous event that occurred in the Islamic history had been the murder of Othman bn Affan, the third Caliph, by the Muslims themselves. Because of his murder, both Jamal and Saffin Battles happened. As a result of the battle of Saffin, Kharijites emerged as an independent group that separated from Caliph Ali's military forces. This separation had had negative impacts on Ali's Caliphate, who he had lost a part of his forces due to the emergence of this group, who they sought any plans against Ali and his followers. Therefore, Ali had always been busy with them. This had made Caliph Mu'awya bn Abu Sufyan take the opportunity to invade and occupy some territories (e.g. Egypt) ruled by Ali.
Whenever Ali had prepared and wanted to fight Mu'awya, Kharijites prevented Ali by starting chaos. Therefore, Ali had directed his forces, which were prepared against Mu'awya and the Levent people, toward Nehrawan fighting against Kharijites. Although Caliph Ali succeeded in overcoming Kharijites, some of those  who had Kharijites believer or followers attempted to prepare and combat against Ali. Thus, some scholars believe that Kharijites were injured but not killed  like a snake which can later survive. Ultimately, Caliph Ali was killed and his rule was terminated by Kharijites.


Oil spill on the water bodies has adverse effects on coastal and marine ecology. Oil spill contingency planning is of utmost importance in order to plan for mitigation and remediation of the oceanic oil spill. Remote sensing technologies are used for monitoring the oil spills on the ocean and coastal region. Airborne and satellite sensors such as optical, infrared, ultraviolet, radar and microwave sensors are available for remote surveillance of the ocean. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is used most extensively for oil-spill monitoring because of its capability to operate during day/night and cloud-cover condition. This study detects the possible oil spill regions on fully polarimetric Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle - Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) images. The UAVSAR image is decomposed using Cloude-Pottier polarimetric decomposition technique to obtain entropy and alpha parameters. In addition, other polarimetric features such as co-polar correlation and degree of polarization are obtained for the UAVSAR images. These features are used to with fuzzy logic based classification to detect oil spill on the SAR images. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The article presents the research results of the Caspian Sea upwelling which is accompanied by the negative temperature anomaly in the summer period. The historical review of the upwelling research was made. The upwelling at the western coast of the Middle Caspian was classified by duration, intensity and scale. The comparative analysis results of the upwelling cases are presented according to the coastal hydrological observations in 1999-2008.


The addition of organometallic reagents to the carbonyl group represents a key transformation, both in Academia and industry. Most of these transformations rely in a mechanism in which accessible and reactive halides are transformed into the corresponding nucleophilic organometallic reactive compounds through a redox mechanism, using a metal (Cr, Mg, In, etc.) in low oxidation state, by electron transfer. With the advent of photoredox catalysis, the formation of radicals, through oxidation or reduction of suitable and tailored organic precursors, was merged with transition metal catalysis. By radical to polar crossover (RRPCO), a radical metal is combined with an organic radical to produce, via radical-radical trapping, a polar nucleophilic organometallic reagent. Using dual photoredox catalysis (metallaphotoredox catalysis), a reactive organometallic reagent could be prepared, avoiding the use of metals in low oxidation state. Herein, in addition to the description of the results obtained by our group and others' contributions at the connection between carbonyl addition and radical-based photochemistry, we provide a core guiding for further synthetic developments. We anticipate that extending the photoredox dual strategy beyond the Barbier's reactions described here, taming less-activated carbonyls, studying other important electrophiles, will realize important breakthroughs soon.


Certain optimization problems seen in calculus have well-known solutions: If a wire can be cut and bent into a square and a circle, then the maximum enclosed area results from using the entire leng...


Abstract: From the very beginning of the sixteenth century reformers supported the broader movement to produce mass quantities of vernacular Bibles, as part of their defense of the principle of sola scriptura. At the same time, they also revisited the biblical canon to underscore a distinction between the canonical books and the so-called apocryphal writings (1) contained in the Vulgate Old Testament. This study aims to define more clearly the role of the Apocrypha in the Anabaptist movement from its origins in 1525 to the end of the confessional period in the mid-seventeenth century. It begins with a historiographical review, followed by an examination of the context in which the re-formation of the Protestant canon occurred and contrasts early Protestant views with those representative of Anabaptists. The study then analyzes a set of sources of Anabaptist writings to determine if the Anabaptists derived any significant doctrinal content from the Apocrypha, concluding that the early Anabaptists generally held the Apocrypha to be equal to the rest of the Scripture. ********** Free church historians have long promoted the view that the Anabaptists and their heirs represent the purest practitioners of the Reformation principle of sola scriptura (scripture alone). These studies have often noted their frequent use of the Apocrypha, especially in comparison with other Reformation movements. In an article from 1913, for example, historian Christian Neff recognized the high regard early Anabaptists and contemporary Mennonites had for the noncanonical texts of the Apocrypha and noted that the Anabaptist Hans Denck considered them to be equal in authority to the rest of Scripture. (2) Karel Vos, in his biography of Menno Simons published the following year, made the same point about Menno's understanding of Scripture. (3) However, Harold S. Bender and Nanne van der Zijpp promoted the opposite view in their article on the Apocrypha in The Mennonite Encyclopedia. They argue that the "Anabaptists, and following them the Mennonites, of all countries in general followed the Reformers and the Protestant churches in denying divine inspiration and authoritative character to the Old Testament Apocrypha." (4) Bender and van der Zijpp also invoked the opinion of J. H. Wessel, who wrote, "It seems to me that we shall not find among the Anabaptists that they put the Apocrypha on a par with the canonical books." (5) Other studies have offered more qualified statements. J. C. Wenger acknowledged some ambivalence about the subject in his preface to Separated Unto God, where he explains how Anabaptists held more closely to the Bible, and more thoroughly rejected "ecclesiastical tradition" than the other Protestants. However he warns of some problems with how they used the Bible and states with a degree of embarrassment, "Not all Anabaptists, for example, may have been entirely clear on the noncanonicity of the Apocryphal books." (6) William Keeney suggests that Menno Simons and Dirk Philips quoted the Apocrypha "with apparent authority. They seemed to be judicious in their use of them, but never openly denied that they had any different value from other Biblical materials." (7) A cursory reading of primary Anabaptist texts from the sixteenth century makes it clear that writers do not seem to make a clear distinction between the apocryphal writings and the rest of the biblical canon. In fact Anabaptist confessional statements are generally silent on which writings are canonical or whether the Apocrypha should be excluded from the canon. Until recently the Apocrypha was used in many cases to provide scriptural references in several confessional statements. (8) However Karl Koop believes that Article XXIX in the "De Ries Confession of Faith" (1618) explicitly recognizes the "difference in authority between the canonical books of the Old Testament and the Apocrypha." (9) It could be that the context in which De Ries wrote the confession, and those to whom it was addressed, influenced how the author defined "canonical" Scripture. …


Resource virtualization technologies have recently increased in popularity. The emergence of cloud computing, which requires provisioning isolated environments on shared resources, is one reason for this. Virtualization adds flexibility in terms of resource provisioning, but it can impact application performance. In this work, we analyze the performance of medical image processing and computational fluid dynamics applications when run on virtualized resources. We then apply the observed performance characteristics to a performance prediction model. We measure the impact of virtualization by performing several benchmarks on virtualized and non-virtualized resources. We evaluate the accuracy of the performance prediction model in this environment. We find that virtualization can slow down some applications by more than 200%, but usually the performance impact is below 15%. The overhead itself is predictable if general application characteristics are known. Execution time in a virtual environment can be predicted to within 13% using a simple mathematical prediction model.


The transient stable problem is proposed.The controller of the multi-machine power system is designed by feedback linearized technique.The design problem of the controller is to design N Controllers for the power system containing N sychronous generation units,the controller of each genernator consisting of excitation controller and rapid valve controller,when a fault occurs,the optimal rapid valve controller will decrease mechanical power input so as to reduce control cost,the rapid valve controller only opens a period of time.When the inputs of two controllers are well coorelinated,transient stabilizing of the system can be increased.This control strategy is applied to a two rnachine system.The simulation results show that the controller can efficientyl inprove the system stability under strong distrurbance.


A pilot study was conducted to asses the feasibility of composting of source separated organic matter of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in low, middle and high income areas of Jabalpur city with a population over 5 lack. Results of MSW analysis indicate the presence of high percentage of Biodegradable organic matter, acceptable moisture content and C/N ratio. On windrow composting, not only the volume of the waste was reduced but also produced a crumbly earthy smelling soil-like, compost material. All quality parameters in the compost samples were found to be within the acceptable limits set by international standard. The pH ranged between 7.8-8.1, organic matter 45%, moisture 36% and have acceptable amount of plant nutrients C35%, N (0.05%), P (0.002), Na (4.8%), K (0.35%). The compost quality could further be improved by adding cow manure, poultry manure or yard waste etc. Its use in plant production or land reclamation may be helpful to maintain soil fertility and improve moisture holding capacity. MSW Composting could be adapted country wide to recycle/reuse the organic residue as solid waste management option.


There is a lot of interest in using quad-rotor helicopters as Miniature Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) due to their simple mechanical construction and straightforward propulsion system. However, since these vehicles are highly unstable nonlinear dynamical systems, a suitable control system is required for their attitude stabilization and navigation. This article presents a simulation environment for the design and evaluation of attitude stabilization and path tracking controllers for quad-rotor aerial robots using Reinforcement Learning (RL). Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical model for a commercial X3D-BL quad-rotor robot from Ascending Technologies is introduced. The attitude stabilization and path tracking controllers for the quad-rotor robot are formulated. It is shown how the parameters of the controllers can be adjusted using a RL algorithm called Learning Automata. Next, the proposed simulation topology is presented and its main features are discussed. It employs 2 host computers where one host executes the control loops and the reinforcement learning algorithm using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The other host runs the quad-rotor robot model using the X-Plane Flight Simulator. The two hosts communicate using UDP (User Datagram Protocol) over a standard Ethernet wired network. Finally, some simulation cases are presented and the controllers adjusted by the RL algorithm are evaluated.


The semi-continous (or semi-discrete) models of the Boltzmann equation are obtained by discretization of the moduli of velocities, but not the directions. For the simplest of those models, we obtain an exact, always positive, solution. This solution represents a shock-wave structure


This study was carried out for four months by using 48 chicks which consist of the progeny of interse Bangkok Chicken, interse Kampung Chicken, Crossing of Bangkok-Kampung and Crossing of Kampung Bangkok. Variables of the study were average body weight, feed Consumption and feed Efisiency. A Complete randomized design was used in this study. The result showed the highest average body weight and feed consumption in progeny interse Bangkok Chicken, however the best feed efisiency found in crossing of Kampung-Bangkok.