This descriptive comparative correlational study was designed to describe and compare the expected and current nursing competency, to examine the correlations between the expected and current nursing competency, and to find factors associated with the expected and current competency of nurses in long-term care settings in Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China. Quantitative data were collected among 319 nurses in 32 long-term care settings in Nanning City. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.950. The reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.979 and 0.980 for the expected and current nursing competency, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests, and Chi-square tests were applied for data analysis. The results revealed that the total expected nursing competency was reported at a high level, whereas the total current nursing competency was at a moderate level.


Field measurements are presented together with a simple modelling framework for watertable heights and salinity structure in coastal barriers. In coastal barriers of width less than one kilometre the shape of the watertable and the salinity structure are quite different from the classical scenarios. On this scale the extra watertable height caused by wave runup on the ocean side can drive a significant landward ground water velocity. A primary consequence of this is that any wastewater released into the aquifer, including oil spills on the beach, will travel towards the land rather than towards the ocean. Secondly, this landward flow of salty groundwater makes the freshwater lens much thinner than the 'Ghyben-Herzberg thickness'. A model s presented for the watertable heights based on the Boussinesq equation with boundary conditions that account for the effects of waves and tides. The salinity structure is modelled in terms of the thickness of the freshwater lens, accounting for freshwater recharge as well as convective and diffusive salt transport.


{email@example.com, email@example.com} Abstract— In this paper we propose and simulate an energy efficient protocol for object-tracking over Wireless Sensor Networks. The proposed algorithm aims to use virtual clustering among the observation region to initiate duty-cycle across the border nodes and the nodes in the inside region. The mean idea is to keep the outer nodes active and the interior nodes sleep for energy saving until an object is detected by the outer nodes. Castalia 3.2 wireless sensor network simulator is used to simulate the proposed protocol. Results indicate that an improvement of 42% is achieved in terms of energy consumption. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that S-MAC protocol is a better choice in high load traffic applications in terms of energy consumption.


Algorithms for the robust detection and estimation of soft failures which have very modest computational requirements are presented. Soft failures are characterized by deviations in the statistical parameters of system inputs and measurement errors. The on-line detection scheme utilizes a single Kalman filter and requires the implementation of Wald Sequential Detectors (WSD). The algorithm consists of repeated application of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) to the filter innovations and use of the sequence of Sample Numbers (SN) for each SPRT termination for the detection of a failure. The proposed scheme for the estimation of a failed parameter consists of a bank of detectors and utilizes the properties of the Average Sample Number (ASN). The capabilities of the scheme, including its robustness for the isolation of single parameter failures, are illustrated via simulation results for a maneuvering target problem.


The plasma-etch process is one of many steps in the fabrication of semiconductor wafers. Currently, faultdetection/diagnosis for this process is done primarily by visual inspection of graphically displayed process data. By observing these data, experienced technicians can detect and classify many types of faults. The tediousness and intrinsic human unreliability of this method, as well as the high cost of mistakes, makes automation attractive. In this paper, five artificial neural network approaches for detecting and diagnosing four common plasma-etch fault conditions are examined. The data used for training and testing the networks were collected during a 162 day period, in which over 46,000 wafers were etched. The best accuracy achieved in this study is approximately 98.7% correct fault-detection for the four fault types, 100% correct fault classification, and a 2.3% false alarm rate. The five neural-based approaches are described in detail, and results are given for each approach.


The invention provides a manual scaling powder distribution method, comprising the steps that 1, a packaging chip substrate which is provided with bonding pads is fixedly placed on a jig; 2, a steel disc with open pores is manufactured and formed, wherein the open pore of the steel disc completely correspond to the bonding pads of the packaging chip substrate, and the thickness of the steel disc is determined according to the amount of expected scaling powder placed on each bonding pad; 3, the steel disc is placed on the packaging chip substrate, the open pores of the steel disc are completely anastomotic with the bonding pads of the packaging chip substrate, and the steel disc contacts with the packaging chip substrate; 4, the scaling powder is placed on the steel disc, and fills each open pore of the steel disc by moving the scaling powder on the steel disc, and each bonding pad is covered by the scaling powder; 5, the steel disc is removed, and the scaling powder in the open pores is left on the bonding pads.


Heart Rate Variability (HRV) series exhibit long memory and time-varying conditional variance. This work considers the Fractionally Integrated AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARFIMA) models with Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) errors. ARFIMA-GARCH models may be used to capture and remove long memory and estimate the conditional volatility in 24 h HRV recordings. The ARFIMA-GARCH approach is applied to fifteen long term HRV series available at Physionet, leading to the discrimination among normal individuals, heart failure patients, and patients with atrial fibrillation.


Green technology development of composite start shifting from synthetic fibers to natural fibers that triggered on with regulation requirements consumables (end of life) automotive components products for some Europe countries and parts of Asia. The study aims to review the husband know the mechanical properties of fiber composite materials from reeds with varying fiber treatment. Materials used in fiber Namely with thermomechanical treatment, alkali and fiber without treatment as a comparator. On findings where the average specimen with thermomechanical treatment against fiber tensile stress of 10.18 MPa, then with without treatment against fiber by 13.0 Mpa, then alkali treatment against with composite fiber of 11.66 MPa. On tensile strain while the average results of specimens with thermomechanical treatment amounted to 5.64%, then the specimens without treatment against fiber by 5.97% and the specimens with alkali treatment amounted to 5.55%. And to review the findings of the bending stress on thermomechanical treatment is 27.76 MPa, then at fiber composite without treatment is 35.79 MPa, and on with fiber composite alkali treatment is at 26.57 MPa. For macro photo fibers on stronger without treatment visible fracture results from another fiber on the tensile test results. Against the treatment of multiple fiber reeds no influence significantly and not able to fix mechanical strength of fiber composite materials weeds. Keywords: fiber treatment, weeds, mechanical characters.


By analyzing the reason of exceeded voltage of the ground wire connecting or disconnecting in 3-phase,4-wire lower supplies and distribution system,the means of solving the problem is obtained,that is,adopting protective circuit of exceeded voltage.The principle is that the exceeded voltage device operates when the neutrality's deviation voltage exceeds its allowed voltage,whether the ground wire exists or not,so it can prevent the trouble.


Vocabulary is important for the students. On the other hand, the students always have difficulty when they get some new words because they do not know the meaning. The student's difficulties are in understanding English text and conversation meaning. In this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using word walls to teach vocabulary at the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Purwoasri. The design of this study is quasi experimental research. The subject of the research is the students at the tenth grade of SMA Negeri 1 Purwoasri in the second semester in the academic year of 2016/2017 that consists of 60 students. The subjects are divided into two classes, class A as experimental group and class B as control group. Class A is taught by using word walls, and class B is taught by using teacher's explanation. To collect the data, the researcher used pre-test and post-test experimental and control groups. The result of the test was analyzed by using ANCOVA through SPSS 16. Based on the data analysis, the result of statistical computation of ANCOVA reveals that the significant result (p) 0.023 < 0.05 level. Since the significant value was smaller than 0.05 statistically, there was enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis. It means that the students who were taught by using word walls got significantly better vocabulary mastery than the students who are taught by teacher's explanation. Therefore, the hypothesis "the students who are taught by word walls get better vocabulary mastery than the students who are taught by using teacher explanation" is accepted. It can be concluded that the using of word walls is more effective than using teacher's explanation.


Mal de Meleda is a rare autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma characterized by transgradient keratoderma with associated scleroatrophy, knee changes and onychogryphosis. This case of a 20 year old girl born of second degree consanguineous marriage is reported for its uniqueness in conformity with criteria enunciated by Stulli associated with hyperkeratotic warty papules clinically fitting into Darier's disease with lip involvement. Another interesting feature being black pigmentation of fingers and nails which was due to cashew nut shell paste application mistaken for dry gangrene.


In Chen Duxiu's life, many of his important political career kept in touch with Wuhan city. During May 4 Movement, he devoted himself to found Wuhan Communist Group and planted the seed of revolution in Wuhan area. During the Big Revolution, for one thing, he led the revolution; for another, he misled it and resulted in the failure, which structured his primary political contradiction at this stage. In the period of Anti-Japanese War, his speech and action on Anti-Japanese in Wuhan and Chongqin showed that Chen Duxiu ,at least, was an upright statesman.


ABSTRACT A new species of Trichocentrum (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) from southeastern Ecuador, T. loyolicum, is described and illustrated. Trichocentrum loyolicum is compared with T. pulchrum, from which it mainly differs by the smaller flowers, the shorter spur, the basal keels curved and convergent at the apex, and the reduced column wings. The generic circumscription of Trichocentrum is discussed.


We conduct experiments over multiple widely adopted datasets including: 100-shot, AFHQ, CIFAR-10, CIFAR100 and ImageNet. 100-shot: 100-shot contains three datasets each of which has 100 samples of resolution 256 × 256. The three datasets are 100-shot Obama, 100-shot Grumpy Cat and 100-shot Panda. AFHQ: AFHQ consists of face images of three types of animals including Cat, Dog and Wildlife, each of which has 5k training images. We follow DA [9] and use 160 AFHQCat images and 389 AFHQ-Dog images (at a resolution of 256 × 256) for training. CIFAR-10: CIFAR-10 contains 50k training images and 10k validation images with 10 classes. The image resolution is 32 × 32. In our experiments, three networks are trained with 100%, 20% or 10% training images, respectively, and the trained models are valuated over all the validation images. CIFAR-100: CIFAR-100 contains 50k training images and 10k validation images of 100 classes. The image resolution is 32 × 32. In our experiments, three networks are trained with 100%, 20% or 10% training images, respectively, and the trained models are evaluated over all the validation data.


This essay entitled 'Intertextuality in T. S. Eliot's The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and Gerontion: A Critical Study' concentrates on Eliot's effortless integration of fragments from others' texts or genres. 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' and 'Gerontion', were published respectively in the years of 1917 and 1920, almost three decades before the very concept of intertextuality first comes into light. Yet the study shows how Eliot's wide spread borrowing of fragments, allusions, references bring about an innovating and revitalising effect in his creation. How his readers responded to his fragmentary writings is a key concern too. As a critical study, it perceives some of the domains from these two poems of Eliot. They are the titles of his poems, the epigraphs, the themes, even the forms and styles of his poems that carry a close association to the very idea of intertextuality. This paper is based on content analysis. The original works of T. S. Eliot have been used here for primary sources. Different published reference books, journals, and online resources have been consulted and cited as the secondary sources. While acknowledging the sources, MLA Style Sheet 8th edition has been used. The sources used here are authentic and have been acknowledged properly to the best of my knowledge. Introduction Transmitting a moving inquisitiveness and inspiration to many of his audiences has been one of the common traits of the poetical works of T. S. Eliot. Innovative styles, techniques, and presentation etc., have been the pivotal elements behind these striking features; yet the most striking one in his poesy is his very methods of giving poetry a mosaic quality, an integration of the diverse fragments, that he accomplished organically. Eliot's exploration in almost every possible horizon of art, literature, history, tradition etc., and the apt transposition of the materials either picked up or chosen as his own texts have been very substantial in this process. The machinery, he has deployed for it, can aptly be ascertained to none other than "intertextuality". The term "intertextuality" coined by Julia Kristeva in 1966 signifies the interdependence of literary texts that have gone before them. Thus it may appear, for many readers, an intangible one compared to "allusions" recurrently used in almost all types of literary genre (Cuddon 454). The idea of "intertextuality" virtually appears almost three decades after Eliot has published his early modernist poetry; yet it carries a consistent connection to his creation. As M. H. Abram suggests, "allusion being a passing reference, without explicit identification, to a literary or historical person, place, or event or to another literary work or passage" it does not coincide with intertextuality (Abram 9). While extracting from others, Eliot never lets himself to be a blind INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND TRANSLATION STUDIES (IJELR) A QUARTERLY, INDEXED, REFEREED AND PEER REVIEWED OPEN ACCESS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL http://www.ijelr.in (Impact Factor : 5.9745 (ICI) KY PUBLICATIONS


This appendix section of the book International Prisoner Transfer 2010 presents the form for verification of consents to transfer to the United States of America. The form is for execution of penal sentence of United Mexican States. The United States has entered into prisoner transfer relations pursuant to subsidiary agreements negotiated in accordance with the Compacts of Free Association with its former Pacific Island Trust Territories of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and Palau.Keywords:Free Association; prisoner transfer; Transfer Consent Verification; United States


The GiBUU model is used to obtain information on possible neutrino-nucleus events at the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF) at CERN. An FPF neutrino program could contribute to fundamental questions such as formation times, color transparency and the EMC effect for neutrinos. I. GIBUU AS GENERATOR The Giessen model is an extensive general theory framework to describe nuclear collisions, from relativistic heavy-ion collisions to neutrino-induced reactions on nuclear targets. For its treatment of final state interactions (FSI) it is built on quantum-kinetic transport theory [1] and as such can be used as a generator, called GiBUU, for the full final state of a reaction. The underlying theory is described in detail in [2]; this article also contains the details of the actual implementation of theory and its parameters in the code. The code is being updated from year to year and its source-code is freely available from [3]. In the following section some results obtained with GiBUU for neutrinos with an incoming energy of 1 TeV impinging on a Tungsten target are discussed. At this energy Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS), handled by PYTHIA inside GiBUU, is dominant.


Prepubertal red deer hinds were subjected to shortened daily photoperiod (8 h light per day, N = 3) or a daily (afternoon) melatonin injection (N = 4) for 83 days starting on 8 January, 2 weeks after the summer solstice. Compared with control hinds (N = 3) these treatments caused premature moulting of summer pelage, reduced serum prolactin concentrations to barely detectable levels about 34 days earlier than usual and advanced the date of mating. Calves were born earlier (P less than 0.005) in the hinds exposed to a shortened photoperiod (12 November +/- 1.7 days) and melatonin treatment (11 November +/- 3.2 days) than in control hinds (13 December +/- 7.9 days). Serum progesterone levels recorded before the first detected oestrus indicated that silent ovulations had occurred in many of the hinds (6 of 10) in this experiment. This study demonstrated the role of shortened daily photoperiod in red deer and indicated that the effects of reduced photoperiod observed were mediated by melatonin.


Embedded coils into road pavement are applied to dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) that coil arrangement is different from static WPT system. Contamination easily enters the road pavement between the coils. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effect of contamination on the efficiency of DWPT. Coil parameters and theoretical efficiency have been evaluated by an LCR meter. Furthermore, WPT system efficiency has been evaluated by a power transmission experiment. Iron sand, which is the effective contamination in road construction, affects coil parameters causing a 0.14% reduction of maximum efficiency. Moreover, remained seawater and rainwater decrease the AC-to-AC efficiency by 0.93% and 0.6%, respectively. In addition, remained waters change the resonance frequency of the system.


For the power system economic dispatch problem, this paper takes the power system generation fuel cost as the objective function, and take into account the net loss of the power system. At the same time, it neglects the valve point effect in the process of the generation and establish power system model to meet the running power balance constraints and the motor running In this paper, the IEEE30BUS power system is chosen as an example, and this paper uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to simulate the power system of the known fuel consumption parameters, and the simulation result is compared with the optimization results of the basic particle swarm optimization algorithm. The result of system simulation is: the optimization result of the traditional particle swarm optimization is that the total power is 1375.63 MW, the net loss is 11.89 MW and the total cost is 16562.98 ($/h); The optimization results obtained by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm are that the total power is 1375.08 MW, the net loss is 10.49 MW, the total cost is 16546.86 ($/h). The net loss of the improved algorithm is reduced by 2% compared with the traditional algorithm and the total cost is reduced by 6.12 ($/h). The simulation results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm can effectively solve the power system economic dispatch calculation problem.


Our critique of tourism ethnographic research argues that too much existing published work tends to cite preceding studies as methodological precedents without stating how particular approaches were operationalised. Moreover, findings are often presented as individual cases with limited utility in terms of theory-building or wider understanding of contextual phenomena. We argue that closer attention first to current developments within anthropology which seek to overcome researcher naivety and, second, greater philosophical reflexivity would elevate both the rigour with which such work is undertaken and the seriousness with which it is received in the wider academy. We call for a double-reflexivity in ethnographic research in tourism that accepts both the specific situational nature of individual studies and the wider discursive frames within which they are embedded. We call for constant reflection on, and acknowledgement of, this duality in ethnographic research where, after all, the researcher is so intimately embedded in empirical and subjective terms.


Calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate combination chewable tablets may be an alternative phosphate binder to calcium carbonate tablets with suspected potential advantages of synergistic phosphate binding. The major limitation of calcium carbonate phosphate binding capacity in hemodialysis patients (HD) is the co-administration of acid-suppressing drugs like proton pump inhibitors which slow the dissolution rate of calcium carbonate tablet and decrease its phosphate binding capacity. Methods: Randomized, controlled, open label study was conducted at renal /hemodialysis unit of King Hussein Medical Center and Jordan University Hospital for six weeks aimed to evaluate the differences between CaCO3/MgCO3combination chewable tablets and CaCO3 tablets on 36HD patients who are taking PPIs in terms of serum PO4level and serum Mg. In this study, we revealed that CaCO3/MgCO3 combination chewable tablets had a significantly more effectiveness in reducing the serum PO4 ̅3 level at the cost ofsignificantly more increase in serum Mg+2 level than CaCO3 tablets when both CaCO3/MgCO3 combination chewable tablets and CaCO3 tablets were combined with PPIs.


A 92‐year‐old woman was emergently admitted to our hospital for peritonitis caused by sigmoid colon cancer perforation, with a coexistent abdominal aortic aneurysm of 76 mm in diameter.


Caribou in Gros Morne National Park reacted to provocation by snowmachine with significant differences in their response between years. Upon exposure to snowmachines, caribou were displaced 60 to 237 m from their initial locations. Groups with calves allowed the snowmachines to approach more closely before responding (5 to 600 m) than adult-only groups (30 to 1300 m), and their overall flight distances were less. Time spent in locomotion and overall reaction time were greater for animals engaged in the most sedentary activities (eg. standing; mean = 239 s and mean = 262 s, and lying; mean = 166 s and mean = 273 s) than for animals already engaged in more dynamic activities such as walking (mean = 118 s and mean = 133 s), running (mean = 74 s and mean = 63 s) and feeding (mean = 118 s and mean = 133 s). Annual differences in the response of adult-only groups were not due to differences in the sex ratio of these groups, but may be related to annual variation in winter weather conditions.


How to take advantage of Augsburg's campuswide subscription to the Chronicle of Higher Education, still the go-to publication for national academic news.


A water-soluble coumarin monomer comprising quaternary ammonium ionic moiety can bind with a γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) macrocyclic host in a 2:1 ratio to form a homoternary complex in water. The coumarin...


In the context of a continuous transformation of maritime freight transport, we considered it is important to conduct a study of the evolution of the transport of containerized goods. The aim of this research was to present the evolution of transport of containerized goods through the port Constanta between 2009 and 2017 and also to highlight the comparative analysis for the containerized trade through some of the most important countries which have ports on the Black Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the North Sea. The period analyzed for these was between 2010 and 2016. The methodology used consists in data processing and graphic representation of the comparative analysis of the results.


Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous disorders originated from the abnormalities in the proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitors in bone morrow. There is a clinical correlation between immunity engines and disease progression, but this relationship is not completely clear yet. This study was designed to assess the full immune response in Iraqi patients diagnosed with AML. Patients and healthy volunteers were divided into three groups: newly diagnosed untreated, under chemotherapy treatment patients and control group. A significant reduction were seen in C4 and IFN-γ levels in both untreated and treated groups with no significant difference between untreated and treated groups. On the other hand, IL-2 and IL-8 levels increased in untreated and treated groups, whereas IL-4 elevated only in untreated group. Additionally, IL-1α levels were decreased in treated group. Moreover, no differences in IL-10 and GM-CSF levels were found between studied groups. Levels of IGG significantly elevated after treatment. However, no differences in IGA and IGM levels were found. In conclusion, immune engines may have substantial effects on the development of AML disease, and chemotherapy may negatively or positively affect the levels of immune components. Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia, innate and adaptive immune engines, IL-8, INF-γ, IgG.


Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease characterized by increased cardiac chambers and systolic dysfunction. Because of the poor prognosis for humans and animals, studies with new therapeutic modalities have aroused great interest. Thus, there is a need for creation of experimental models of the disease for testing new therapies as new drugs and stem cells. This study was conceived to evaluate an experimental model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced in rabbits with administration of two different doses of chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, through radiography, electrocardiography, echodopplercardiography and histopathological findings. Significant reduction in systolic function after six weeks in treated animals, with decrease of ejection and shortening fraction were observed. The histopathologic findings demonstrated that cardiotoxicity due to administration of doxorrubicin occurs in left ventricle, as well as in interventricular septum and right ventricle. The results showed that rabbits can be used as an experimental model of induction of DCM with doxorrubicin, in the dose of 1mg/kg twice a week for a period of six consecutive weeks.


Although there are many excellent ways to present the principle of the classical calculus, the novel presentations probably lead most naturally to the development of the non-Newtonian calculi. In this paper we introduce vector spaces over real and complex non-Newtonian field with respect to the -calculus which is a branch of non-Newtonian calculus. Also we give the definitions of real and complex inner product spaces and study Hilbert spaces which are special type of normed space and complete inner product spaces in the sense of -calculus. Furthermore, as an example of Hilbert spaces, first we introduce the non-Cartesian plane which is a nonlinear model for plane Euclidean geometry. Secondly, we give Euclidean, unitary, and sequence spaces via corresponding norms which are induced by an inner product. Finally, by using the -norm properties of complex structures, we examine Cauchy-Schwarz and triangle inequalities.


The intrusion detection model based on the population artificial immune is composed of discrete elements among which are no direct interactions. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a model which is based on the immune network. In this model, a dynamic balance system is constituted by the mutual stimulation among different elements, so it can adapt to the continuously updating of the attack. Results show that this model can detect abnormal data packets well, and has a better self adaptability.


The pattern forming method of the present invention includes: (i) forming a film including an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a compound (A) represented by General Formula (I) shown below; a resin (P) capable of decreasing solubility with respect to a developer including organic solvent by the action of an acid; and a compound (B) capable of generating an acid by irradiation of actinic rays or radiation; (ii) irradiating the film with actinic rays or radiation; (iii) developing the film irradiated with the actinic rays or radiation using a developer including an organic solvent. RN-A-X+ (I).


Nanotechnology is today viewed by many as a great advance in the quest for stronger and lighter materials, more effective pharmaceuticals, and better medicine. The critical question-largely unanswered-is whether this kind of science harbors destructive powers which, if fully understood, would call for restrictions or a ban on the use of certain types


Traditional culture breaks and continues in its development and evolution. It is important to ascertain and study which traditional cultures have broken and which have continued till today. Special attention must be paid to all kinds of new traditions coming into being in the modern times, which is of great significance in the understanding of the contemporary Chinese society and its evolution. In the communication of different cultures, a good understanding of the backgrounds of different cultures is extremely important.


Abstract
We examine the incremental cross-sectional role of several common risk factors related to size, book-to-market, and momentum in size-and-momentum-sorted portfolios. Unlike the existing literature, which focuses on the conditional mean specification only, we evaluate the common risk factors' incremental explanatory power in the cross-sectional characterization of both average return and conditional volatility. We also investigate the role of ex-ante market risk in the cross-section. The empirical results demonstrate that the size-and-momentum-based risk factors explain a significant portion of the cross-sectional average returns and cross-sectional conditional volatility of the benchmark equity portfolios. We find that the Fama–French (1993) factors and the ex-ante market risk are priced in the cross-sectional conditional volatility. We conclude that the size-and-momentum-based factors provide a source of risk that is independent of the Fama–French factors as well as ex-post and ex-ante market risk. Our results bolster the risk-based explanation of the size and momentum effects.


Shear failure of compacted loess in different frequencies is studied using a torsion shear apparatus and the effects of frequency on dynamic strength and dynamic strength parameter are investigated. (1) At a certain defined confining pressure, dynamic strength of compacted loess is increased with the rise of the frequency, showing a positive relation with frequency. (2) At a certain defined frequency, dynamic strength of compacted loess is increased with the rise of confining pressure. (3) Both dynamic cohesion and internal fraction angle of compacted loess are increased with the rise of frequency. (4) The dynamic cohesion and the internal fraction angle are decreased and tend to be steady with the increased vibration.


During regular implementation of the bovine tuberculosis-free cattle herd certification programme in the period from 2017 to 2020, the Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnostics of Bacterial Diseases of Croatian veterinary institute Zagreb, Croatia tested material from 161 cattle from 27 holdings in 11 counties. The material was submitted following findings of pathoanatomical changes detected in the slaughter line suggesting tuberculosis, or after a positive reaction of cows to the tuberculin comparative methods. Species from the M. tuberculosis complex (M. bovis and M. caprae) were isolated from samples of 58 bovines (36%) from 16 holdings in eight counties. M. caprae was confirmed in 55 bovines (34%) originating from 13 holdings in seven counties, and M. bovis in three bovines (2%), each from a different holding in a different county. Saprophytic mycobacteria were isolated from four bovine samples (2.5%) from three holdings in two counties, i.e., M. gordonae (1), M. celatum (1) and two unidentified species (M. sp.). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the main causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is M. caprae, which confirmed previous findings. Control of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Croatia is still needed and, in the future, should be further suppressed using tuberculinisation, controls on slaughter lines, depopulation of infected herds, and etiological determination of the causative agents.


Detailed simulations of the Ni-like soft x-ray laser are presented for the target elements Sm, Gd along with preliminary results for Ta. A 1.5D combined two uid atomic code is used to self-consistently solve the hydrodynamic / atomic physics problem inherent in laser pumped solid target systems. The code uses a detailed description of the Cu-like and Ni-like ion stages. Collisional pumping rates for these levels are obtained from fully relativistic distorted wave calculations available in the literature. The remaining ion stages are treated using the screened hydrogenic approximation. All ion stages are treated using a collisional radiative model.


Objective: Vehicle safety plays a key role in reducing the number of road traffic deaths and serious injuries. This study aims to investigate the effect of vehicle safety on the severity of traffic crashes in Iran using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study of all imported vehicles with Aras free trade zone license plate as well as all domestic vehicles (cars produced in Iran) commuting on Tabriz-Jolfa road. The study population included drivers who had accidents on Tabriz-Jolfa road over a period of one year from September 22, 2020 to September 21, 2021 and were injured or  their vehicles had been damaged (n=652). Data was collected using set of questionnaires with 10 sections. The effect of independent variables, as exogenous latent variables (human, vehicle, and environmental factors), on a dependent variable, as an endogenous latent variable (crash severity) was measured using SEM. All data were analyzed using Mplus 8.0 software.
Results: In the structure part of the model with foreign vehicles group, the effect sizes of three exogenous variables, i.e., human, environmental, and vehicle factors, on the dependent variables were found to be 0.412, 0.396 and 0.358, respectively. The effect sizes in the model with domestic vehicles were found to be 0.312, 0.702 and 0.820, respectively.
Conclusion: Vehicle factors (variables related to car safety) had a high impact on crash severity in the national license plate and domestically manufactured vehicle group, indicating the necessity of improving vehicle safety.


A program package has been developed that calculates chemical equilibrium and thermodynamic properties of reactants and products of a combustion reaction between fuel and air. The package consists ...


Abstract The recent increase in maritime piracy is often associated with economic issues such as a decline in the fishing industry, but there is still no consensus on whether a decrease in local fishing causes a rise in piracy rates. We introduce the use of unreported fish catch and fishing industry type in addition to reported fish catch in Gulf of Guinea waters when analyzing factors influencing West African piracy. Using a newly released data set, which includes Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) fish catch by sector, we show that an increase in reported and unreported fishing yields an increase in piracy. Further, we find that increases in industrial fish catch are related to increases in maritime piracy while the opposite is true of artisanal and subsistence fish catch. We expect this new approach will highlight the impact of IUU and large-scale industrial fishing on piracy throughout the entire world.


1Earlier versions of this paper were presented at Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta (August 1997), Institute of Social Studies, The Hague (September 1997) and the University of Passau (June 1998). Thanks particularly to Juliette Koning for helpful comments, to Jenny and Paul Alexander for reminding me of an important missing reference, and to Alison Leitch for endless patience.


VIKRA ARDIANSYAH ZAINI. Evaluation of Triterpenoid as an Anticancer Liver Candidate by Decreasing the Expression of miR-494 and TNF-α by In Silico Approach. Supervised by PURWANTININGSIH SUGITA and LUTHFAN IRFANA. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for up to 90% of all primary liver cancers worldwide. Cinobufagin is recognized to inhibit miR-494 as the HCC target. Increased expression of TNF-α results in a poor response to liver anticancer drugs. The models in this study were cinobufagin, cycloartenol, and the ethyl acetate fractions of Ganoderma lucidum, 3–6. The docking targets in this study are Akt, ERK1, ERK2, PI3K, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TNFR2. Cycloartenol and fraction 5 comply with Veber's rules, Lipinski's rule of 5, and have moderate toxicity. The act is a potential docking target because it produces bond affinities with fractions 3–6 that are compatible with the IC50 in the literature. The results are in line with in vitro experiments. The Akt has an inhibitor, which is AZD5363 (7). Cycloartenol has a low ability in inhibiting Akt. Conversely, fraction 5 is able to inhibit the Akt better than cycloartenol, although not as good as cinobufagin and fraction 7, therefore, fraction 5 is potential to become an anticancer liver candidate. Triterpenoids with a basic skeleton of lanostane is potential as anticancer liver candidates.


This study was conducted to find out the effect of English extra class on students' motivation at SMA 1 Seunagan. In this case, the extra class is expected to be able to provide additional material that has not been completed in the school hours and also to be able to solve the problem of students in learning English. The aim of this study is to find out the effect of English extra class on students' motivation and to investigate factors motivating students in taking English extra class. The population in this study are the students in second grade of Senior High School 1 Seunagan, Nagan Raya. The sample are students of XI IPA 1 and XI IPA 2 classes. They were chosen by purposive sampling. This is a quantitative research that used questionnaire to collect the data. The findings of this study shows that 23% students have high motivation in learning English in the extra class and 77% students have very high motivation to learn English in the extra class. The calculation result of students motivation is 3.7, which means the second grade students at Senior High School 1 Seunagan have very high motivation in learning English in the extra class. It can be conclude that the English extra class increases students' motivation.


Traumatic brain injury accounts one-quarter to one-third of accidental deaths and for ⅔rds of trauma deaths in hospitals.The study has been conducted to evaluate the recovery of patients following head injury with GCS categorization and RLA


The heavy metal pollution on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Bone River has not been studied. This present study determined to investigate the diversity of the macrozoobenthic trough the length of Bone River concerning the heavy metals leads and mercury at eight sampling stations. The samples were taken in July 2021. A sample of four representative macro zoobenthic families (Hydropsychidae, Baetidae and Elmidae) was also used to analyze metal bioaccumulation. The macrozoobenthic recorded in this study comprise of ten orders and 35 families with a total of 3146 individuals. Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera, and Trichoptera dominate the population size of benthic. The diversity indices show the low and medium categories but favour a better macrozoobenthic development. Monitoring studies show that the concentration of Pb in sediments is much higher than that of mercury. Metal accumulation in sediments showed fluctuations but did not reflect macrozoobenthic metal concentrations. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) value generally indicates that the three taxa are categorized in the low accumulative category.


In this paper the challenging coplanar waveguide direct current (DC) pass filter is designed, analysed, fabricated and measured. As the ground plane and the conductive line are etched on the same plane, this technology allows the connection of series and shunt elements to the active devices without via holes through the substrate. Indeed, this study presents the first step in the optimization of a complete rectenna in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology: key element of a radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system. The measurement of the proposed filter shows good performance in the rejection of F0=2.45 GHz and F1=4.9 GHz. Additionally, a harmonic balance (HB) simulation of the complete rectenna is performed and shows a maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of 37% with the studied DC-pass filter for an input power of 10 µW at 2.45 GHz.


Background: Chronic communicating hydrocephalus is a common sequela of subarachnoid haemorrhage and develops when the flow and drainage of CSF are impaired after fibrosis in the subarachnoid space. Released by platelets into the CSF after subarachnoid haemorrhage, transforming growth factor (TGF)β1/β2 are potent fibrogenic agents that may promote post-haemorrhagic fibrosis and chronic communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: Temporal changes in total (latent plus active) TGFβ1/β2 CSF levels of post-haemorrhage patients developing acute hydrocephalus were measured using ELISA to discover if titres were higher in patients that subsequently developed chronic communicating hydrocephalus, compared with those that did not. Results: Mean (SD) CSF levels of total TGFβ1 were 97 (42) pg/ml and total TGFβ2 were 395 (39) pg/ml in control patients with (non-haemorrhagic) hydrocephalus. For days 1–5 post-subarachnoid haemorrhage (dph), levels of 1427 (242) pg/ml and 976 (191) pg/ml were seen for total TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, respectively. Beyond 5 dph, total TGFβ1/β2 levels declined but remained significantly elevated (p<0.01) above control patient values for at least 19 dph. Haemorrhagic patients that went on to develop chronic communicating hydrocephalus had significantly higher levels of total TGFβ1 (p<0.01) and TGFβ2 (p<0.05) between 1 and 9 dph, compared with those of haemorrhagic patients that did not. Conclusions: Acutely measured levels of TGFβ1/β2 in the CSF of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage are thus potential prognostic biomarkers for the subsequent development of chronic communicating hydrocephalus, indicating likely dependency on CSF shunting.


ABSTRACT Fiscal decentralization has been adopted worldwide. The common motive of many countries adopted fiscal decentralization because it potentially improve performance of the public sector. Since the "UU No. 22/ 1999" and "UU No 25/1999" released and revised by "UU No 32/2004" and "UU No 33/2004" it have impact local government in Indonesia, because they have role to decide local government finance. It also assumted that local government improving public services for women. That measured by women access to education sector. This paper use panel data which analyze with Fixed Effect Methods model. Data series on local goverments of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta is contructed for the years 2004-2009. The variabel is local revenue, government expenditure, population, per capita income, amount of highschool. Finding suggest that fiscal decentralization which analyze with Fixed Effect Methods Model does not have significant influence to women education access in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.


A sharp increase in number of Ukrainian immigrants is observed recently in Poland. Data on durability of the migration are lacking. An aim of the article is to describe the durability due to indirect observation of registered Polish-Ukrainian marriages, which are contracted in Poland and number of children born in Poland by mothers with Ukrainian citizenship. Analyzed data indicate sharp increase in number of demographic events confi rming willingness of Ukrainian immigrants to settle in Poland.


America is in a unique position in its history. In maintaining its position as the world's only superpower, the US consistently finds itself taking on the role of a global cop, chief exporter of hard and soft power, and primary impetus for globalization. A view of the current global situation shows an America that can benefit greatly from the effects of globalization and soft power. Similarly, America's power can be reduced significantly if globalization and its soft power are not handled properly. At the same time, America has slowly come to realize that its next major adversary is not a near peer competitor but terrorism and disconnected nations that seek nuclear capabilities. In dealing with this new threat, America needs to come to terms with its own nuclear arsenal and build a security rule set that will establish for the world explicitly what actions will cause the US to consider nuclear weapons release. This rule set; however, needs to be established with sensitivity to the US's international interests in globalization and soft power. The US must find a way to establish its doctrine governing nuclear weapons release without threatening other peaceful nations in the process.


In the article, the author made an attempt to identify the most archaic features of the Mordovian funeral and memorial rites. The relevance of this study is determined by the importance of preserving the cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia, the interest in their national traditions and their origins. The research is based on both archival and published historical sources, as well as on the works of scientists who have considered various aspects of the Mordovian funeral rites. The use of comparative typological and structural-semantic methods made it possible to identify not only archaic elements of funeral and memorial rites, but also to determine their symbolism. In the funeral and memorial rites of the Mordovians, the real living conditions of the Mordovian people were reflected. Living in a forest area, before the appearance of ground burials at the beginning of the first millennium AD, the Mordvins buried the dead in trees, which may have led to their animistic views on trees as receptacles of souls and spirits. Such ideas are a universal phenomenon for the peoples of the forest zone. With the change in the method of burial, the symbolism of the tree continues to play an important role in the funeral and memorial rite. In the course of the study, it was revealed that echoes of such archaic survivor traits as the belief about the incarnation of the souls of the dead in trees can be found in the Mordovian funeral rite up to the present time. Similar phenomena are typical for other peoples of the Volga region the Mari, the Chuvash. In the funeral rites, as a later phenomenon, they were preserved in the funeral rites of the 40th day until the beginning of the XX century, but by the end of the XX century their meaning is lost


The importance of reading English for EFL learners cannot be ignored. It is widely accepted
that comprehension is at the heart of reading and the vigorous process of making meaning from
text (Durkin, 1993).Comprehension counts on not only traits of the reader, such as prior
knowledge ,and activating it, but also effective strategies to making meaning through decoding
the text. Thus the present study aimed at investigating the effect of paraphrasing on improving
reading comprehension. Sixty male learners with age range of 18 -21 participated in the quasi-
experimental study which lasted for one semester. The collected data was analyzed by means of
SPSS. It was indicated that through paraphrasing, learners acquired how to get the meaning of
the texts, and also they learn how reconstruct a text rather than rote memorizing it. This resulted
in deep understanding and longer retention of the reading materials.


The Auger resonant Raman spectra of CO, arising from the transitions to the X and A final electronic states of CO+, have been recorded at photon energies corresponding to the vibrational excitations v[prime]=3,5, and 8 in the O 1s-->2pi resonance. The spectra are simulated within the model that takes into account both the lifetime-vibrational interference (LVI) and interference with the nonresonant photoemission. The spectroscopic parameters, omegae, omegaexe, Gamma and re, of the O 1s–12pi core-excited state, necessary for the simulation, have been derived by fitting the Franck-Condon simulation to the total ion yield spectrum, assuming a Morse potential for the O 1s–12pi state. Not only the LVI but also the interference with the nonresonant photoemission turn out to be significant.


Objective:To investigate the relationship of ages,genders and nationalities in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients infected with different hepatitis B virus,to compare the hepatic tissue damage degree,HBV-DNA load and the liver function change among patients with different genotype.Methods:Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) instrument was used to test HBV DNA and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) method was used to test genotypes.Results:Among 94 patients with CHB,B genotype was accounted for 74.5% and C genotype for 25.5%.CHB patients HBV genotype had nothing to do with age and sex.The proportion of Zhuang nationality in C genotype was obviously higher than that in B genotype.The HBeAg positive rate of patients with C genotype was obviously lowered than that of patients with B genotype(P0.05).The pathological damage degree of the hepatic tissue was correlated with B and C genotype.The proportion of C genotype in the hepatic tissue with serious inflammation and fibrosis was higher than that in B genotype(P0.05).The hepatic tissue damage degree was correlated with liver function indexes(P0.05),but not HBV DNA levels.Conclusion:The HBV genotypes of enrolled CHB patients is B genotype and C genotype B genotype is mainly distributed among the population,followed by C genotype,other types or mixed types are not found yet.The patients with Han nationality is mainly B genotype and those with Zhuang nationality is primarily C genotype.Patients with C genotype have serious hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and are prone to induce servere liver damage and adverse prognosis such as liver cancer.


In order to improve the energy conservation effect of the room air conditioning,on one hand,it carries on the depth maintenance and fine design to the room air-conditioning,such as determining a reasonable temperature,humidity and fresh air,regularly washing the outdoor machine of air conditioning,replacing the condensor with unreasonable configuration and increasing wind barrier gate;on the other hand,it carries on fine design when building new computer room,making full use of new energy conservation technologies,such as frequency conversion technology of compressor,data code scroll technology,Glycol air conditioning cycle unit,intelligent fresh air energy conservation system,air conditioning remote monitoring system based on Internet technology,that could be attain a good energy conservation effect and economic benefits.


The potential of a combined integrated treatment system using photo-Fenton process and membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied in the treatment of spent caustic wastewater with initial COD and sulfide of 1990-2740 mg/L and 82-165 mg/L, respectively and at biodegradability level (BOD5/COD) of 0.39-0.52. Photo- Fenton process was carried out to reduce influent toxicity that can destroy living microorganism in the MBR. Molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to COD values ([H2O2/COD]), ferrous ion to hydrogen peroxide [Fe2+/H2O2], and reaction time were studied on degradation of chemicals contained in the wastewater within the range of 1.5-2.5, 0.05-0.15 and 0-60 minutes. A statistical experimental design using central composite design (CCD) was employed to describe the relationship of individual and combined parameters towards the degradation. The optimum conditions were selected based on the highest percentage of COD and sulfide removal as well as acceptable BOD5/COD with minimum value of molar ratio [H2O2/COD] and [Fe2+/H2O2] within reaction time range. Optimum conditions for molar ratio [H2O2/COD] and [Fe2+/H2O2] at pH of 3 were 1.5 and 0.05 with reaction time of 47.84 minutes. The optimum condition for MBR was evaluated based on critical flux value. It was observed that critical flux was achieved at flux of 6 and 9.5 L m-2 h-2. The achievement of optimal conditions for both processes led to the assessment of the integrated treatment. It was found that the overall percentage removal of COD and sulfide were 99.27–99.92% and 100% leading to final effluent with COD and sulfide concentrations of 20 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L, respectively. It can be concluded that the integrated treatment system combining photo-Fenton and MBR could be an efficient alternative method for spent caustic wastewater.


In the article, three female storytellers are compared – Dorothea Viehmann, Laura Gonzenbah and Tyna Wajtawa, with an investigation of their narrative repertoire and their socio-cultural background. Their fairy tales reflect multilingualism and intercultur - alism, with the influence of elements of German, Romance and Slavic cultures. Based on the comparative analysis of the ATU folktale types, it was discovered that they have all included in their repertoire a fairy tale of the folktale types ATU 402 (animal bride) and ATU 425 (searching for a lost husband). The article includes a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of their variants of fairy tale type ATU 402 "The Animal Bride".


This article summarizes the results of hard turbulent convection obtained in laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. Its applications to mantle convection are illustrated by two-dimensional numerical solutions to (1) Newtonian, (2) non-Newtonian convection and (3) Newtonian convection with multiple phase transitions. In Newtonian mantle convection the transition from soft to hard turbulence is marked by the appearance of disconnected plumes. Spectral analysis of the time series of the Nusselt number reveals the presence of a spectral scaling subrange for hard turbulence but not for soft turbulence. In hard turbulence there is correspondence between the spectra in frequency and wavenumber domains. The slope of the seismic wave spectra measured from seismology suggests that the mantle convection today is strongly time-dependent. The transition to hard-turbulence takes place at much lower Nusselt numbers for non-Newtonian than for Newtonian rheology. For the mantle this would have important ramifications. Non-Newtonian plumes behave quite differently from Newtonian ones in that large curvatures are developed in their trajectories in the hard turbulent regime. Mantle convection with phase transitions tends to become more layered with increasing Rayleigh numbers. The style of mantle convection might have changed from a layered to a more whole mantle type of flow with time. Catastrophic overturns associated with strong gravitational instabilities in the transition zone could be responsible for superplume events.


A computational model of air atomization has been developed to predict the size and velocity of fuel droplets near the exit of air-assisted hollow-cone injectors. In this model, stratified two-phase flow in the injectors and breakup of liquid film into small droplets are considered. The model shows that Sauter mean diameter of droplets is proportional to (liquid film thickness)1/3 and (liquid surface tension/dynamic pressure defined by relative velocity between liquid and air)2/3. Droplet size measurements were conducted to determine the proportionality constant for a realistic injector. The effects of operating conditions of the injectors on the droplet size and velocity will be predicted using this model.


Farmers face the challenge in the next 40 years of helping to feed the 3 billion extra people who are on the way to a hotter and drier world. The role of people in agriculture and agricultural science is as important as it has ever been. Yet, less young people are entering the field. The numbers of students training in agriculture and agricultural science is declining, just as the supply of trained people in agriculture and agricultural science is lagging relative to the demand for them. Meanwhile, old agricultural scientists in the profession are many, the young are relatively fewer. When looking at people training in agriculture, or even at the agricultural science profession in Australia, a big question leaps forth: where have all the young people gone.


The aim of this article is to analyse migration policies in Spain from 1900 until present time. The basic idea is that the so called gap hypothesis (significant and persistent gaps between official migration policies and actual policy outcomes) can also be applied to historical situations. In the Spanish case, the gap between stated policy objectives and outcomes is a constant over time both in the phase of external migration and in current immigration policies. The article is divided in two main sections. The first one presents a brief summary of the main trends in migration policies in Spain since the beginning of the 20th century. The second (and longer) section analyzes the main gaps in Spanish migration policies. Policy gaps are of two kinds: those caused by objectives impossible to fulfil and those caused by the frequent use of inadequate policy instruments.


This book is an innovative collaboration of different American psychoanalysts and psychotherapists. It is a dense and informative book with 15 chapters, each written by a different analyst focusing on a different theme of integrating relational psychoanalysis with other orientations, but mainly cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The book is divided into four parts respectively titled Conceptual Framework for Integration, Integrating Multiple Models of Psychotherapy, Working with Specific Populations and The Future of Integration. Part I contains three chapters: Introduction, A postmodern Critique, and Assimilative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. The Introduction is written by Bresler and Starr. They explain how psychoanalysis could be integrated, theoretically and practically, with relational and CBT, to gain more efficacy in clinical practice. It begins with a brief overview of the historical attempts made by analysts such as Ferenczi and Rank (1925), Ferenczi (1932) and Alexander and French (1946) to integrate psychoanalysis with other psychotherapeutic modalities. They argued that patients could benefit from gaining insight, and subsequently have different experiences in therapy which are different from their experiences in previous relationships. They attempted to modify, and integrate psychoanalysis with other approaches but were isolated by Freud and his inner circle in an attempt to keep a tight lid on traditional psychoanalytic practice. This introduction also reveals that '...in fact, most psychoanalytic practitioners are more flexible in their actual practice than is apparent from the literature' (p. 7). Chapter two is written by Safran and Messer, and they examine and advocate for a postmodern perspective of moving away from a dogmatic approach and a model that finds superiority of one theory against others, to more dialogue between different psychotherapeutic modalities. They call for a 'more contextually based, pluralistic approach toward psychotherapy integration' (p. 32) and dialogue among orientations such as psychoanalysis, which puts emphasis on the unconscious, and CBT, which emphasises the impact of social situations on human beings. They also examine three different strategies for integration within the contextualism and pluralism stance. The first is technical eclecticism (an integration of different technical approaches). The second is common change factors (an integration of the principles of change embedded Psychodynamic Practice, 2018 Vol. 24, No. 4, 378–392


We have performed an experimental study of the s ructure, composition and magnetic properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays at different cataly st source concentrations during their synthesis. Fl oating catalyst chemical vapor deposition was chosen for t he synthesis of CNT arrays as a low-cost, simple an d effective technique. Various concentrations of ferr ocene/xylene solution used as a feedstock for CNT g rowth allowed obtaining arrays of aligned multi-wall CNTs on Si/SiO2 substrates with different percentage content, shape and aspect ratio of catalyst inclusions being incorporated in the channels and between the shell s of CNTs. In this way the nanoparticles are mostly isol ated from interaction with each other, and protecte d from oxidation in the air atmosphere. The structure and composition of the obtained material was investigat ed by scanning and transmission electron microscpies, Ram an, Mössbauer spectroscopies, and X-ray diffraction . Magnetic properties of CNT arrays were studied by S QUID magnetometer in parallel and perpendicular to the substrate directions at various temperatures (2 -380 K). Our results show that magnetic properties of CNTiron phases can be easily varied depending only on the initially used catalyst source concentration fo r CNTs synthesis.


The number of reports on villous adenoma of the large intestine has recently been increasing, but most of the lesions are located in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. Villous adenoma of the cecum is very rare, and there are only four cases including the present one, as far as we could investigate. The patient was a 75-year-old woman. She visited our department with the complaint of right hypogastric pain. She was diagnosed as having a villous adenoma of the cecum by enema and radiography, and endoscopy of the large intestine. Resection of the ileocecum (R2) was performed because of the size of the tumor and the high incidence of a complication of cancer. Examination of the excised specimen revealed that the tumor was 3×3×3.5cm in size and sub-pedunculated. Histopathological examination revealed that two-thirds of the tumor was a villous adenoma and the remaining third was a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. It has been reported that the incidence of the complication of cancer in villous adenoma is 89.2% in Japan. Villous adenoma is thus liable to be wide-based and the size is 2cm or more in most cases, seemingly showing severe malignancy. For treatment, a small tumor should be totally resected under endoscopic observation, and if intestinal resection is necessary, the lesion should be operated on as carcinoma of the colon.


High entropy alloy (HEA) is a new class of alloy that has a different alloy design concept over the conventional dilute alloys. In this alloy, the alloying elements have an equi-atomic ratio that helps to increase the entropy of the alloy to stabilize the simple solid solution (BCC, FCC and HCP) over the intermetallics. The stabilization of solid solution improves the paradoxial properties such as strength and toughness. High thermal stability, excellent creep and fatigue properties, outstanding corrosion resistance are the attractive features of HEA. Recently, the HEA is explored as a matrix or particle in the metal matrix composites. Research studies on HEA based composites are plenty and scattered. In this work, we attempt to collate essential information in the HEA based composites. The overview covers (1) processing techniques, (2) microstructure characterization and (3) the mechanical properties in detail. A short note on the potential applications of HEA based composites is also proposed.


Based on the current situation of urbanization in China, the author points out the problems of land use in the progress of urbanization and explored the effect of urbanization on the changes of cultivated land area. Finally some solutions for land sustainable utilization are proposed.


Commercial legal relation body-the definition of businessmen and approval of the laws are subjectivity basis to estabilish commercial order.Modern commercial partnership obviously has essential differences from civil partnership,commercial individual and commercial corporation.However,the cognition of partnership has been frequently made at a loss,which affect the establishment and perfection of market order.Based on the general legal concept of commercial partnership,this paper tries to reveal the internal legal quality of modern commercial partnership,mainly in combination of the new 《Partnership Enterprise Code》,so that one more definite judgment on commercial partnership can be theoretically made and applied to legal practice.


Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition. This study describes an expert system for predicting diabetes and insulin dosage. A deep learning approach is used in the proposed system to predict diabetes and a machine learning algorithm is used to predict insulin dosage based on several characteristics like blood sugar levels, body mass, age, insulin, and diabetic pedigree function. A deep learning and machine learning algorithm was trained on a PIMA Indian diabetes dataset& related properties to create the system. To improve the model parameters, the model is trained using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique. Once trained, the algorithm can accurately calculate insulin dosage. The result reveals that the model exceeds existing insulin dosage prediction systems in terms of accuracy. The proposed approach can potentially improve the accuracy of insulin dosage prediction, reduce the risk of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, & ultimately improve the quality of life for diabetic patients.


Self-medication, an initiative that springs from the patient or their care, consists of the use of a product aimed at treating a disease or relieving symptoms. In spite of the existence of over-the-counter drugs, the patient should not use them inappropriately. This study aimed to investigate the main reasons underlying self-medication of undergraduates of the Medical School of the Juiz de Fora Federal University. A 10-item questionnaire was answered by 213 students from the 1st, 2nd, 8th, and 9th periods. Results: Self-medication was found in 76.05% (162/213); a hundred and fifty of 213 (90.03%) deemed a medical consultation unnecessary; from the 1st and 2nd periods 36/87 (41,13%) of the students were advised by relatives and/or friends, while 5/87 (5,74%) relied on their own judgment; the rates for those in the 8th and 9th periods were 5,68% (5/88) were advised by relatives and/or friends, while 45,45% (40/88) relied on their own judgment. Conclusion: self-medication is very frequent among medical undergraduates. A feeling of self-sufficiency being more frequent among those in the more advanced periods; for those in the first two periods, self-medication is chiefly based on advice from relatives and friends; those in the more advanced periods base their attitude on their own knowledge.


The ECG is one of the mainly effective investigative tools to detect cardiac diseases. It is a technique to calculate and record dissimilar electrical potentials of the heart. The electrical potential generated by electrical action in cardiac tissue is calculated on the surface of the human body. Present flow, in the variety of ions, signals reduction of cardiac muscle fibers important to the heart's pumping action. This ECG can be classified as standard and abnormal signals. In this work, a systematic experimental study was conducted to demonstrate the advantage of the generalization capability of the Particle Swarm Optimization Extreme Learning Machine (PSO-ELM) compared with Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) approach in the automatic classification of ECG beats. The simplificationpresentation of the ELM classifier has not attained the nearest maximum accuracy of ECG signal classification. To attain the maximum accuracy the PSO-ELM classifier design by searching for the best value of the parameters that tune it'sdistinguish function, and upstream by looking for the best subset of features that feed the classifier. The experiments were conducted on the ECG data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology–Beth Israel Hospital (MIT– BIH) arrhythmia database to categorize five kinds of abnormal waveforms and normal beats. In particular, the sensitivity of the PSO-ELM classifier is tested and that is compared with ELM. The attained results clearly confirm the superiority of the PSO-ELM approach when compared to ELM classifiers.


Understand how the body reacts to injury and surgery; Have knowledge about insulin resistance in surgery; Have knowledge about how metabolic changes in surgery are related to surgical complications; Have knowledge about ways to reduce the catabolic response to elective surgery and how this affects recovery; Have knowledge about treatments that may impact the metabolic response to elective surgery; Know about patients with special metabolic problem.


In the rural areas of our country,nowadays,the traditional security pattern,including the security of family,of land,and some collective security,cannot meet the demand of the social development.The strategies towards the social security system of the rural areas in the building of a harmonious society may involve the following: To absorb foreign experiences based on the Chinese condition,it is important to build a multi-level,multi-standard social security system suitable for rural economic growth,and good for peasant workers as well.The approach to choose today is to encourage system innovation and build new models and patterns.


A zinc(ii)-phthalocyanine-flavin dyad has been synthesized by Heck-type cross-coupling between a flavin that bears a p-iodophenyl group and a phthalocyanine functionalized with a vinyl moiety. Electrochemical experiments reveal that no significant interaction occurs at the ground state between the two electroactive subunits. However, the occurrence of a photoinduced electron transfer in this donor–acceptor conjugate is observed in transient absorption experiments. Charge-separation (i.e., 4.0 × 1011 s–1) and charge-recombination dynamics in benzonitrile (2.2 × 1010 s–1) reveal a remarkable stabilization of the radical ion pair in this solvent.


The purpose of this study was to examine the role of competitive strategic responses on performance of fast moving consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 258 managers of these firms; from where a sample size of 157 respondents was obtained. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire, administered using drop and pick method. This data was analyse using both qualitative and quantitative approaches where descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained. The study revealed that, each of competitive strategic responses; prospector strategy (p =0.047; β =.159), defender strategy (p =0.022; β =.135), analyzer strategy (p =0.013; β =.224) and reactor strategy (p < 0.01; β = .299) has a significant positive influence on performance of fastmoving consumer goods manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. These strategic responses account for 29.82% of change in performance of FMCG manufacturing firm in Nairobi County. Original Research Article Okumu and Kariuki; AJEBA, 21(7): 59-71, 2021; Article no.AJEBA.68972 60


 Synthetic and Biosynthetic cannabinoid production presents potential to disrupt the cannabis industry supply chain: With the expected shift in consumer preferences for derivative cannabis product formats, and the applications for cannabinoids in the pharmaceutical space, the demand for cannabinoid extracts and isolates is expected to grow exponentially in the coming years. We see the immense potential for chemical synthetic and biosynthetic production methods to be a disruptive force the supply chain for cannabinoids.


BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 Tc =2 0 K and overdoped BaFe1.85Ni0.15As2 Tc =1 4 K superconductors, the static AF longrange order is completely suppressed and the spin excitation spectra are dominated by a resonance and spin gap at lower energies. We determine the electron-doping dependence of the neutron spin resonance and spin gap energies and demonstrate that the three-dimensional nature of the resonance survives into the overdoped regime. If spin excitations are important for superconductivity, these results would suggest that the threedimensional characters of the electronic superconducting gaps are prevalent throughout the phase diagram and may be critical for superconductivity in these materials.


Multimedia application that useS animation is widely used in all areas, and of one of its function is as medium of information. With an animated multimedia application, inforrmation can be delivered more excitingly due to its interesting view. Hence it can be used as promotional media for product such as car. Interactive Multimedia Application for Luxurious Car Catalog is one of the pplications that provides information about car.


By the methods of literature study, expert interview and questionnaire, the author selected some Shanghai people(picked at random at some fitness corners) as the subjects for a survey of the status quo of the scientific fitness of Shanghai citizens and the related measures. The status quo surveyed in the course of fitness includes the awareness of one's physical functions, the confusion problems during the course of fitness, the cognition of one's scientific fitness, the understanding of scientific fitness know-how, the available auxiliary means of fitness, the fitness monitoring instruments used, the acknowledgment of scientific fitness requirements and so on. The related measures are put forward after a careful study.


A new planetwide control net of Mars has been computed by a single large-block analytical triangulation derived from 17,224 measurements of 3,037 control points on 928 Mariner 9 pictures. The computation incorporated the new Viking determined direction of the spin axis and rotation rate of Mars. The angle V, measured from the vernal equinox to the prime meridian (areocentric right ascension) of Mars, was determined to be V = 148.368� + 350.891986�(JD - 2433282.5), where JD refers to the Julian date. The prime meridian of Mars passes through the center of the small crater Airy-O. The longitudes of the Viking landers are λ1= 47.82��0.10� and λ2 = 225.590��0.10�.


We prove an effective version of Nori's connectivity theorem using Koszul cohomology computations. We apply this result to study the cycle class, Abel–Jacobi and regulator maps and the nonvanishing of certain Griffiths groups for complete intersections in projective spaces, abelian varieties and quadrics.


The role of nutrition on the physiology, behaviour and fitness of individuals is increasingly recognized as a major factor regulating interactions within social groups. Understanding the impact of the nutritional status is of particular importance for species showing transient gregariousness. Variations in diet experienced by group members can impact their decision to initiate dispersal and, thereby, the maintenance of cohesion. Spiders are relevant models to address this issue as all species show a transient gregarious phase. The duration of this phase is a highly plastic trait under the dependence of food availability. Several studies have investigated the feeding habits of spiders (e.g. foraging behaviour) but only recently attention has been paid to their nutritional ecology (nutrients required for optimal growth, survival and reproduction). For the most part however, the influence of the nutritional state on the regulation of social behaviours and their physiological determinants has been largely overlooked. The important role of food availability on the duration of gregariousness in solitary spiderlings nevertheless suggests a major influence of nutritional status on the initiation of dispersal. In this context, our study aimed to examine the interplay between food supply, energetic stores and short range communication on the maintenance of social cohesion during the gregarious phase of the spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae, Agelenidae). In our experiments, spiderlings were reared under different diets differing in prey quantities. At different developmental stages following hatching, spiderlings were introduced in circular arenas to quantify their degrees of mutual tolerance and interattraction. After the completion of behavioral assays, we characterized the profiles of cuticular lipids and we quantified energetic stores (triglycerides and cholesterol). Our results suggest a decoupling between the nutritional status and the maintenance of tolerant social interactions in spiderlings. This study provides valuable insight for understanding the proximal causes of social transitions in spiders.


The performance of a probe for measuring low velocities in weak electrolytes is reported; its sensing element, dipped into the fluid, consists of two Pt electrodes supplied with direct current. The calibration was made for two types of probes in water and dilute solutions of H2SO4 and NaCl. Data are presented concerning the reproducibility of the measurements and the sensitivity of the apparatus at different current intensities. The possibilities of using the probe to yield the kinematic properties of a liquid in motion are studied.


ABSTRACT With the neighborhood seen as the ideal unit for participatory modes of governance, many cities in the United States have established formal systems of neighborhood councils to increase civic participation, improve service delivery, and enhance democracy. Los Angeles boasts the most extensive neighborhood council system, which was founded in 1999, in the country. Through a qualitative study of two neighborhood councils in LA, this study investigates how neighborhood councils influence land use and policy decision-making. It finds that political capital, negotiation, and associational leverage are the most important tools for these councils in exerting influence. In doing so, the authors suggest that the oft-cited justifications for pursuing formalized modes of participatory urban governance do not take into consideration the sociopolitical dimensions of urban regimes, and suggest three propositions for future research on neighborhood governance systems.


Journal of Thoracic Oncology • Volume 8, Number 2, February 2013 A 69-year-old man was admitted with complaints of chest pain. Three years earlier, he had radical surgery because of esophageal adenocarcinoma staged pT3N1M0. In the following 3 years up to admission, he developed a metastasis to his scar, followed by metastases to his liver, and local recurrence causing dysphagia. An esophageal stent was initially placed, but with recurring dysphagia, another stent and radiotherapy (30 Gy, 10 fractions) was needed to relieve his dysphagia. Later, he received palliative chemotherapy with etoposid, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and leukovorin with palliative intent. After 5-FU infusion, he had acute chest pain and dyspnea. 5-FU-induced toxicity was initially suspected because the electrocardiograph revealed atrial fibrillation. However, a plain chest radiograph revealed a pneumopericardium. A computed tomography scan of the thorax showed pericardial fluid and air. A fistula between the esophagus and pericardium was suspected, but the patient was considered too fragile for surgical intervention. Eight days later, he was feeling well in the morning, but at noon he suddenly died without sign of distress. A postmortem examination suggested cause of death to be a tamponade of the heart because of rapid filling of blood in the pericardium after the atrial perforation.


Abstract In order to enhance hydrophilicity and complexing properties of amino-phosphonates we synthesized a large variety of these compounds possessing one or two carboxylic groups in the aromatic ring(s). Such grups could facilitate enantiomer resolution and can be used for preparing a variety of interesting compounds as well as polycondensates. Characterization was performed by 1H-NMR and MS-FAB tech-niques. All compounds synthesized are crystalline high melting materials soluble in water and/or in strong polar solvents, rendering them attractive both for complexation studies and biological applications.


Introduction:
 Ischemic stroke involves an ischemic event followed by post-ischemic neuroinflammation, leading to acute mortality, neuronal loss, and impaired recovery. Standard of care reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis or thrombectomy) has a limited treatment window due to risk of hemorrhage, and leads to functional independence in only a subset of patients. We studied the role of complement and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology behind the major clinical challenges of reperfusion therapy; the risk of hemorrhage and limited cognitive recovery.

 Methods:
 We used 3 stroke models, namely transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), permanent MCAO and microembolic models, to investigate the effects of t-PA, mechanical reperfusion, rehabilitation therapy, and complement inhibition in mice. We used B4-Crry, a site-targeted inhibitor of C3 activation that specifically localizes to neoepitopes expressed in the post-ischemic brain following its intravenous administration. A retrospective analysis was also performed for cognitive and motor recovery in human patients following reperfusion therapy.

 Results:
 Complement inhibition with B4-Crry improved the safety, efficacy and treatment window of reperfusion therapy, decreased hemorrhagic transformation, and improved cognitive recovery. Despite reperfusion with t-PA, there was ongoing complement-dependent microglial activation and phagocytosis of hippocampal synapses for at least 30 days leading to pronounced long-term cognitive deficits. Administration of B4Crry, alone or in combination with thrombolytic therapy, limited complement deposition in the perilesional brain, and reduced microgliosis and synaptic uptake. Reperfusion therapy alone did not improve cognitive outcomes, even when combined with rehabilitation therapy. Reperfusion therapy did not improve cognitive outcomes in stroke patients.

 Conclusions:
 Although post-stroke reperfusion therapy limits the size of injury and improves motor deficits, post-reperfusion complement activation and neuroinflammation contribute to the malignant transformation of stroke acutely and seeds a chronic neurodegenerative inflammatory response. Complement modulation may be a promising adjuvant to reperfusion therapy.


As the economy slowed to a near halt this spring because of the COVID-19 pandemic, some critical civil engineering projects were completed faster than originally scheduled because of fewer vehicles on the road, fewer air travelers, and more employees and students working or learning from home Other projects moved ahead more efficiently or cost-effectively because of federal economic stimuli and support policies While far from a silver lining to the current crisis, the continuing work on these projects helps demonstrate the civil engineering profession's commitment to improving the built environment and promoting the public welfare even under the most challenging conditions © 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers


Having an ancillary data flag (ADF) in the auxiliary data packets, in which are formed a plurality of disable code in accordance with a first combination according to disable code does not include auxiliary information data DYA / DCA does not include encryption to give auxiliary information data disable code DYAE / DCAE, and the auxiliary data has a second flag ADF is prohibited combination code flag EADF auxiliary data replaced by said second combination is different from the first combination, thereby constituting a secondary encrypted packet, which It comprises an ancillary data flag EADF, further comprising auxiliary information data encrypted DYAE / DCAE, and transmits the encrypted auxiliary packet.


A dual-band antenna design that covers the 2.26-2.54 GHz and 5.14-6.10 GHz bands is presented. The proposed antenna design consists of two patch radiators suspended above a ground plane. The performance in the lower and upper bands can be controlled with less mutual coupling effect. The antenna also features less beam squinting of the radiation patterns at boresight for both operating bands.


The near equiatomic NiTi alloy is the most successful shape memory alloy by a large margin. It is widely used in biomedical devices and is the focus of nearly half of all research on metallic materials. Yet, despite having a repeatable pseudoelastic effect and excellent shape-memory, NiTi is very far from satisfying any of the conditions of compatibility that currently characterize the most reversible phase transforming materials. Thus, the scientific reasons underlying its vast success present an enigma. We are led by a systematic theoretical study of transformation mechanisms to previously unrecognized kinds of twin-like defects that we term {\it involution domains}, and we observe them in NiTi in the scanning-tunneling electron microscope. Involution domains lead to an additional 216 compatible interfaces between phases in NiTi, and we theorize that this feature contributes importantly to its reliability. They are expected to arise in other transformations and to alter the conventional interpretation of the mechanism of the martensitic transformation.


A topological defect in the form of the Abrikosov–Nielsen–Olesen vortex is considered as a gauge-flux-carrying tube that is impenetrable for quantum matter. Charged scalar matter field is quantized in the vortex background with the perfectly reflecting (Dirichlet) boundary condition imposed at the side surface of the vortex. We show that a current circulating around the vortex and a magnetic field directed along the vortex are induced in the vacuum, if the Compton wavelength of the matter field exceeds considerably the transverse size of the vortex. The vacuum current and magnetic field are periodic in the value of the gauge flux of the vortex, providing a quantum-field-theoretical manifestation of the Aharonov–Bohm effect. The total flux of the induced vacuum magnetic field attains notable finite values even for the Compton wavelength of the matter field exceeding the transverse size of the vortex by just three orders of magnitude.


4. In particular, from 1980 onwards, central government imposed on local authorities a policy of compulsory competitive tendering (CCT), which prohibited them from continuing to perform certain activities themselves unless those activities were put out to competitive tender, allowing private companies to bid for contracts. The Local Government Planning and Land Act 1980 ("the 1980 Act") applied CCT to construction, building maintenance and highways, and the Local Government Act 1988 ("the 1988 Act") extended it to many other areas, including school meals, refuse collection and street cleaning.


Abstract—Food is widely packaged with plastic materials to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage. Ionizing radiation is widely used to sterilize the food-packaging materials. Sterilization by γ-radiation causes degradation such as embrittlement, stiffening, softening, discoloration, odour generation, and decrease in molecular weight. Many antioxidants can prevent γ-degradation but most of them are toxic. The migration of antioxidants to its environment gives rise to major concerns in case of food packaging plastics. In this attempt, we have aimed to utilize synergistic mixtures of stabilizers which are approved for food-contact applications. Ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer has been melt-mixed with hindered amine stabilizers (HAS), phenolic antioxidants and organophosphites (hydroperoxide decomposer). Results were discussed by comparing the stabilizing efficiency of mixtures with and without phenol system. Among phenol containing systems where we mostly observed discoloration due to the oxidation of hindered phenol, the combination of secondary HAS, tertiary HAS, organo-phosphite and hindered phenol exhibited improved stabilization efficiency than single or binary additive systems. The mixture of secondary HAS and tertiary HAS, has shown antagonistic effect of stabilization. However, the combination of organo-phosphite with secondary HAS, tertiary HAS and phenol antioxidants have been found to give synergistic even at higher doses of Gamma-irradiation. The effects have been explained through the interaction between the stabilizers. After γ-irradiation, the consumption of oligomeric stabilizer significantly depends on the components of stabilization mixture. The effect of the organo-phosphite antioxidant on the overall stability has been discussed.


Let , and be real Hilbert spaces, let and be two bounded linear operators. Moudafi introduced simultaneous iterative algorithms with weak convergence for the following split common fixed-point problem:Section.Display where and are two firmly quasi-nonexpansive operators with nonempty fixed-point sets and . Note that, by taking and , we recover the split common fixed-point problem originally introduced by Cesnor and Segal. However, to employ Moudafi's algorithms, one needs to know a prior norm (or at least an estimate of the norm) of the bounded linear operators. To estimate the norm of an operator is very difficult, if it is not an impossible task. In this paper, we will continue to consider the split common fixed-point problem (1) governed by the general class of quasi-nonexpansive operators. We introduce a simultaneous iterative algorithm with a way of selecting the stepsizes such that the implementation of the algorithm does not need any prior information about the operator norms. The weak convergence result of algorithm is obtained and some applied nonlinear analysis examples are stated.


We report a 71-year-old Japanese man with breast cancer. The patient had first noticed a papule on the right areola in 1996. Because the papule had gradually enlarged, and begun to bleed and cause pain, the patient came to our clinic in September 2001. The tumor measured 59×55×15 mm and gave off an unpleasant odor. Skin biopsy revealed breast cancer (solid-tubular scirrhous carcinoma). A roentgenography of the chest showed multiple pulmonary metastases, and a CT scan revealed metastases in the right lymph nodes. Auchincloss' operation and lymphadenectomy were performed. Fifteen of 20 lymph nodes taken from the right axilla were positive for tumor cells. Because post-surgical hormonal therapy using anastrozole did not improve the pulmonary metastases, chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil and epirubicin hydrochloride was added in February 2002. Currently, at six months after the chemotherapy, the pulmonary metastases have not enlarged. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2002; 17: 304-307]


Experience with three prenatally diagnosed pregnancies complicated by an acardiac twin reveals that ultrasonography and echocardiography are helpful in detecting early signs of in‐utero congestive heart failure in the normal twin. The use of Doppler blood flow analysis to determine direction of blood flow, post‐mortem placental and fetal angiography, and umbilical cord blood gas determination provided proof that retrograde arterial perfusion occurs in the acardiac fetus. In a fourth pregnancy, an experimental approach to occlude the acardiac twin's umbilical cord was attempted, but was unsuccessful.


Abstract Compass of the Soul is the most comprehensive treatment of Jungian typology theory since the publication of C.G. Jung's Psychological Types in 1921. The book includes a complete review of the development of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and other models and approaches to typology that have emerged over the last eight decades. The book also surveys such diverse fields as Ned Hermann's brain research, Walter Lowen's developmental theories, and William Deming's organizational development model, exploring their remarkable parallels to the archetypal typology compass that the author develops.


[Extract] Keith Grint is arguably one of the most innovative and imaginative scholars currently working in the field of leadership studies. A sociologist by training, his scholarship ranges across several other disciplines within the humanities, including inter alia: history (particularly military history); social studies of science and technology; philosophy; and literary theory. The scope of Grint's approach to the study of leaders and leadership makes him an obvious candidate for attention in this inaugural issue of Leadership and the Humanities, and it is for this reason that I have chosen to review two of his publications here. While Grint has held chairs in several UK business schools, his work is by no means representative of the managerialist orthodoxy that has come to influence, and perhaps even dominate, debates relating to human organization and governance. His is a dissenting voice that eschews the often simple-minded thinking and crude methodological instrumentality which characterizes much business school treatment of the leadership phenomenon. Before offering a critical appraisal of the two Grint volumes, it may be helpful briefly to locate his work in relation to the evolution of leadership as a distinct field of study. His heterodox contribution can only properly be understood, I suggest, as a counterpoint to mainstream approaches.


The main research responsibility of the Law Library of Congress is to serve as the research arm of the United States Congress for the study of the legal systems of other countries. The studies, reports, and briefings its specialists prepare provide a worldwide perspective to the Congress on particular legal issues. This type of work can generally be described as comparative law research.


Simple Schwarz–Christoffel mapping is used to estimate fields and flux components of a permeable master for printing reference patterns for self-servo writing. Geometry of lines and spaces govern effectiveness of the printing. Magnetic images from a spin stand illustrate adequate control of noise components.


ABSTRACT Humans are unique in their creative abilities and this creativity likely arose as a result of self-domestication. Language use would have been a driver of early human self-domestication, and this paper examines how the controlled use of fire for cooking was an early driver in the development of language. Cooking allowed for greater caloric intake and a greater diversity of diet, contributing to larger hominin brain sizes and group sizes. These developments created new social constraints that were met by the emergence of language. Diets can impact neuroplasticity, enhancing divergent thinking and creativity. One potential source of such transformative foodstuffs were intoxicants, the use of which could have easily become ritualized and used as social and cognitive tools. Cooking and ritualization, as fundamentally hierarchically and temporally structured actions, are grounded in recursion, which is also a key aspect of language. Cooking, recursive, and symbolic thought coevolved, driving the development of language. This paper is part one of a two-part article.


Aluminum brass HAL66-6-3-2 is abrasion-resistant alloy with high strength, hardness and wear resistance, corrosion resistance is also well, commonly used in the field of marine and ordnance industry. The quasi static and dynamic mechanical properties were tested through the use of electronic universal testing machine and Split Hopkinson Tension Bar (SHTB). Meanwhile, the material stress-strain curve at different temperatures and different strain rates is also obtained. Based on Johnson-Cook constitutive model, using the method of least squares fitting the experimental data to determine the model parameters, fitting and experimental results agree well.


ABSTRACT In a first-year seminar on mass extinctions, a field-based, paleontology-focused exercise promotes active learning about Earth's biodiversity, form and function, and the biomimicry potential of ancient and modern life. Students study Devonian fossils at a local quarry and gain foundational experience in describing anatomy and relating form to biological function. Another goal is to give students a firsthand opportunity to evaluate the fossil record and what it reveals about past mass extinction episodes on our planet. Students who complete this exercise acquire the basic tools for developing and testing hypotheses. They become more skilled at making observations and inferences about familiar species that live in modern environments and about the strange and marvelous creatures that inhabited Earth's lost worlds. Finally, students gain valuable insights into how bioinspired designs can solve human problems in a sustainable way, elevating their appreciation for the value of species conservation as the Sixth Extinction gains traction.