L. V. H. Martin in your journal. That this work should receive a registrar's prize is extraordinary, since the conclusions drawn are not wholly substantiated by the experimental work in cooling curves described in the article. Some of the problems of determining vapour concentration delivered by the 'Halox' have been simplified by graphs and other means (Jennings, Taylor & Young; Young; Collesl-3) but the fact remains that however difficult it may be, an accurate calculation of halothane vapour delivered can be performed at all times. Theinability to do this has lead to accidents in the past both with the Boyle's Bottle (Jennings &Hersant4) and the 'Fluotec', before it was modified. The construction of the apparatus allows the anaesthetist to see that it is working satisfactorily and the glass does not prevent a steady state being reached in 2&30 minutes, even with high gas flows, as Martin shows. There are other advantages of this vaporiser which make it preferable to a Boyle's Bottle and indeed to many thermally compensated vaporisers. These are its comparative cheapness, its ability to be used with all volatile agents (except diethyl ether), its effectiveness in closed circuit and the fact that it 'fails safe' both in cooling after being first set and in the event of the oxygen supply failing, because the carrier and diluent streams are quite separate. It would indeed be a pity if the continued criticism of this type of vaporiser Ied to its abandonment, especially as an understanding of the principles on which it works leads to better appreciation of the physical principles underlying all vaporisers.


The implementation of a transition program for special education students is hardcore during face-to-face and it became more difficult to implement during distance education. The research aimed to explore the essence of the experiences of Special Education (SPED) teachers and parents under the transition curriculum. This study utilized qualitative design. Particularly, this study employed a phenomenological research design. The participants of this study were eight (8) parents having LWD at home enrolled in the school SY 2021-2022 under Special Education Program and five (5) SPED teachers. The information and replies of the participants were gathered using a semi-structured interview guide. Coding and triangulation were done to analyze and identify the emerging theme. The emerging themes for the teachers lived experiences revealed flexibility and adaptability in times of pandemic, the power of communication, and effective problem-solving strategies. For the parents, the main themes that emerged from their testimonies were the needs for assistance and parent as a manager. The findings also revealed that all problems related to the transition curriculum were addressed and solved by teachers and parents by working with each other. Knowing how parents struggles due to their work and parental roles helped the teachers to understand them and help them build a strong relationship based on trust and understanding. The researcher recommended that the school may intensify the relationship between the teachers and parents by improving communication, collaboration, and cooperation between them. To help the parents more in assisting their kids, parenting techniques, mentoring, and coaching programs may be provided.


Exploiting protective layer is one of the most effective measures for control of coal and gas outburst; and the key problem is to locate the protection scope exactly. Aimed at the problem of locating the protection scope for the exploiting of steeply clined upper-protective layer, based on the theory of gas leak flow and the coupling effect between deformation of coal rock and gas seepage, the methane gas seepage field equation and coal rock deformation field equation are established; and then the mathematical models of gas leak flow coupled solid and gas of steeply clined upper-protective layer are also established. Taking a coal mine in Nantong mining area for engineering example, by using multi-physical field coupling system for numerical calculation of the model, the law of gas pressure distribution in protected layer is gained after protective layer was mined. Furthermore, the pressure-relief scope of protective layer mining is also obtained. It is shown that the protection scopes of numerical simulation are basically closed to the results of practical test. Therefore, this study results can provide theoretical guidance for locating protection scope and are of great significance for practical matters.


The author brings up again the study of general semantics, a practical philosophy focuses on linguistic communication.He hopes to further its study in applied fields, and in doing so, to guide our everyday life.


In this study, myoglobin (Mb) immobilized on carbon paste electrode that modified with zirconia nanoparticles to construct a novel biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The prepared nanoparticles and electrodes were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The resulting electrode displayed an excellent redox behavior for the myoglobin. The myoglobin showed a quasi-reversible electrochemical redox behavior with a formal potential of -0.428 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in 0.1 M PBS solution at pH 7.0 and temperature 25°C. The linear range of this biosensor for H2O2 determination was from 20 to 450 μM Moreover, the modified electrode demonstrated additional improved electrochemical properties, such as good reversibility (ipc/ipa ≈1) and high selectivity good stability and repeatability.


Stimulation of the peripheral end of the cervical vagus results in marked bradycardia, a secondary fall in blood pressure, and little change in respiration. Stimulation of the central end results in immediate apnea, a moderate fall in blood pressure, and little change in heart rate.


Since 1990s, as technique and social progress more quick, the world economy has experienced significant change. People ask for the varieties and specifications of products according to their own needs of work and life. So enterprises should become highly flexible and response rapidly to fit with constantly changing conditions. Therefore, a new organization mode appeared. Under this mode, the modern businesses make knowledge, technique, capital, materials, market and management resources in everywhere together using information technology. This organizational structure and management pattern was known as Virtual Organization (VO). Sharing of scientific data is an important contemporary scientific and technical infrastructure construction activity. This activity focuses on how scientific data resources, especially those supported by public research funding to be obtained, are organized, largescale produced, processed and preserved within the maximum extent. The goal of this activity is to provide useful data services for researchers conveniently, rapidly and efficiently. Many countries and regions, such as USA, English, Germany, China, and so on, are mobilizing the relevant institutions and resources to build the scientific data infrastructure for the whole society. One of the most important organization types is virtual organization, which is a way of structuring and managing goal-oriented activities. This thesis introduces the concepts, development, applications, research status of virtual organizations, analysed the Scientific Data Sharing Virtual Organization (SDSVO) operation problems. Then the work prompted that supply chain management should be led into SDSVO to solve above problems. In the aspects of champion selection, members choose and IT system design, it would be best for SDSVO managers to supply chain integration. Three theoretical basis includes resources dependences, transaction cost minimization and Gametheory must be considered while supply chain integration. The paper analysed the scientific data supply chain includes data creators, data centres, data service providers and data users based on three theory, then defined analytical frameworks, then chose two cases, which are German National Science Data Infrastructure (GNSDI) and China National Scientific Data Sharing Program (CNSDSP), to discuss operation mechanism construction, such as champion selection, members composition, IT system development,


All-optical switching in silicon epilayer waveguides was investigated to determine the dependence of the transient recovery times on the "gate" pulse wavelength and the illumination geometry. Continuous wave light at a wavelength of 1.3 μm was end-fire coupled into planar waveguide structures and the guided beam path was then optically switched with a 500 psec-long gate pulse from a dye laser. Recovery times ranging from 1.2 to 15 nsec were observed. A numerical model was developed to predict the spatial and temporal free carrier distributions and the resulting deflection and absorption of the 1.3 μm beam. The variation in response speeds was shown to result from the increasing importance of Auger recombination at higher free carrier concentrations.


The finding of small penises among PCB-exposed human males tends to confirm that humans and wildlife are affected similarly by exposure to "endocrine-disrupting chemicals" such as PCBs, dioxin, DDT, and dozens of others. (See RHWN #249, #263, #264, #323, #327, #334, #337, #364, #365.) The endocrine system, in wildlife and humans, is a complex set of bodily organs and tissues whose activities are coordinated by chemical messengers, called hormones, that control growth, development and behavior. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that several dozen pesticides and other industrial chemicals mimic, or interfere with, hormones and thus disrupt the endrocine system. In both wildlife and humans, it is the reproductive system that seems most prone to disruption by hormone-like industrial pollutants.


In this paper, an extraction and classification of steady state-visual evoked potentials using the IIR Chebyshev I of 4 order and the adaptive feed-forward Neural Networks algorithm, respectively are applied. The classification results of the extracted signals is directly used to make a user able of controlling the directions (stop, forward, right, and left with stimuli frequencies of 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz, respectively) of a wheelchair based brain computer interface. The data was collected during a session in which fourteen subjects with age about 24±2 years were tested. The average classification accuracy level around 82% of four directions is achieved. It is improve about 13.75% compare with the obtained previous result.


The problem is really quite simple: Sacks and Doyle ( S & D) have misinterpreted the goal, or rather some of the goals, of qualitative reasoning (QR) research. Actually, the QR research community should take some of the blame for this. They have adopted a catholic attitude to approaches to QR including within its scope anything that claimed to reason about the qualitative properties of (physical) systems. While per se this may be no bad thing, they have failed to categorize the motivation behind the various approaches, concentrating too much on the technology and clever algorithms and not enough on the principles behind the approaches and clearly establishing just what it is that they attempt to achieve.


This paper introduces and studies nil-reversible rings wherein we call a ring R nil-reversible if the left and right annihilators of every nilpotent element of R are equal. Reversible rings (and hence reduced rings) form a proper subclass of nil-reversible rings and hence we provide some conditions for a nil-reversible ring to be reduced. It turns out that nil-reversible rings are abelian, 2-primal, weakly semicommutative and nil-Armendariz. Further, we observe that the polynomial ring over a nil-reversible ring R is not necessarily nil-reversible in general, but it is nil-reversible if R is Armendariz additionally.


HOWARD J SHERMAN: RE‐INVENTING MARXISM, JOHN HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS, BALTIMORE, LONDON. ISBN 0–8018–5077–0. Rajani Kannepalli Kanth: Breaking with the Enlightenment. The Twilight of History and the Rediscovery of Utopia, Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1997. IBSN 0–391–04031–6


The term "history of pre-Islamic religion" is best understood as denoting the history of religion of the Arabian Peninsula and its margins up to approximately the year 610, in other words, until the beginning of Muhammad's activity. This chapter concentrates on just the last few decades before Muhammad, and is in the main restricted to the region where he himself was active, namely the Ḥijāz. It examines an extensive group of sources not dealt with by what still remains the most important publication on the subject, Julius Wellhausen's Reste arabischen Heidentums , the so-called talbiyas . The chapter addressess the other sources - the Qurʾan, pre-Islamic literature and the information given by Islamic authors. It briefs an examination of the etymology of talbiya and labbayka and describes the tradition of the talbiyas . Keywords: labbayka; pre-Islamic religion; Qurʾan; talbiyas


BACKGOUND Membrane distillation (MD) is a promising low-cost and efficient desalination process, yet it has not been fully implemented at an industrial scale. Membrane wetting and low porosity are limiting factors leading to low water recovery rates. The current study involved the synthesis of membranes that combined high mechanical stability, porosity and superhydrophobicity, to prevent wetting, with high salt rejection and water flux. RESULTS Silica nanoparticles (SiO(2)NPs) were synthesized by a novel green chemistry procedure, modified with three different silane reagents [octadecyltrimethoxysilane, N-octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and chlorodimethyl-octadecyl silane] and finally embedded on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibre membranes using an in-situ electrospinning technique. These modified membranes displayed a Young's modulus of similar to 43 MPa and showed highly porous properties (similar to 80% porosity, 1.24-1.41 mu m pore sizes) and superhydrophobic surfaces (contact angle >150(o)); thus possessing parameters falling within the range of highly recommended values in MD. Remarkably, the concentration of modified SiO(2)NPs used to produce the superhydrophobic PVDF nanofibre membranes was significantly lower (1% w/w) than those reported in the literature (3-4% w/w), clearly indicating the efficiency of these silane reagents. CONCLUSION Membranes embedded with ODTS-modified SiO(2)NPs were the most efficient; rejecting salts at high efficiencies (>99.9%) with water fluxes of approximate to 34.2 LMH at 60 degrees C, thus indicating their capacity as an energy-efficient process to produce high purity water. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry


The temperature dependence of the electroluminescence (EL) spectral intensity has been investigated in detail between T=20 and 300K at various injection current levels for a set of two blue InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without an additional n-doped In0.18Ga0.82N electron reservoir layer (ERL). The radiative recombination efficiency of the main blue emission band (∼480nm) is found to be significantly improved at all temperature regions and current levels when the additional ERL is introduced. For high injection currents If, i.e., large forward bias voltages Vf, a quenching of the EL intensity is observed for T<100K for both LED structures, accompanying appearance of short-wavelength satellite emissions around 380–430nm. Furthermore, the low-temperature intensity reduction of the main EL band is stronger for the LED without the ERL than with the ERL. For low If, i.e., small Vf, however, no quenching of the EL intensity is observed for both LEDs even below 100K ...


We have fabricated flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using transparent clay films with high heat-resistance and gas-barrier properties. Flexible OLEDs with the structure of clay film/indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD)/tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum (Alq3)/Al showed a turn-on voltage of around 7.2 V, a luminance efficiency of 2.7 cd A-1, and a luminance of 100 cd m-2 at 11.5 V. Results showed that the clay film is an excellent candidate for transparent flexible substrates for use in displays or other electronic applications.


Recent research has demonstrated that heterogeneous charge-transfer reactions are not restricted to conductors and that electrochemical reactions can occur on the surface of statically charged insulators. However, the exact mechanism by which insulators gain and lose electrical charges remains controversial. Herein we have studied quantitatively the reduction of silver ions on intrinsic amorphous silicon surfaces that are statically charged by contact against plastic polymers. We have quantified the magnitude of the redox work done by the tribocharged silicon surface as a function of its adhesion and hardness, with these two variables being tuned using covalent Si—C monolayer chemistries. We observed that metallic particles grow preferentially over surfaces that are relatively soft (low DMT modulus) and highly adhesive, hence indirectly proving that the triboelectrification of an insulator–insulator dynamic contact is caused by the exchange of ionic fragments, rather than by the movement of free electrons...


Objectives The high volume of emergency admissions to hospital is a challenge for health systems internationally. Patients with lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently admitted to hospital as emergency cases. While the frequency of emergency admission has been investigated, few studies report patient experiences, particularly in relation to the decision-making process prior to emergency admission. We sought to explore patient and carer experiences and those of their healthcare professionals in the period leading up to emergency admission to hospital. Setting 3 UK hospitals located in different urban and rural settings. Design Qualitative critical incident study. Participants 24 patients with advanced lung cancer and 15 with advanced COPD admitted to hospital as emergencies, 20 of their carers and 50 of the health professionals involved in the patients' care. Results The analysis of patient, carer and professionals' interviews revealed a detailed picture of the complex processes involved leading to emergency admission to hospital. 3 phases were apparent in this period: self-management of deteriorating symptoms, negotiated decision-making and letting go. These were dynamic processes, characterised by an often rapidly changing clinical condition, uncertainty and anxiety. Patients considered their options drawing on experience, current and earlier advice. Patients tried to avoid admission, reluctantly accepting it, albeit often with a sense of relief, as anxiety increased with worsening symptoms. Conclusions Patients with advanced respiratory illness, and their carers, try to avoid emergency admission, and use logical and complex decision-making before reluctantly accepting it. Clinicians and policy-makers need to understand this complex process when considering how to reduce emergency hospital admissions rather than focusing on identifying and labelling admissions as 'inappropriate'.


In "Conundrums with Uncertainty Factors,"(1) Roger Cooke raises a number of important conceptual issues that provide context for his discussion of difficulties in, at long last, using probabilistic tools to replace the system of single-point "uncertainty" factors that is the heritage of the original 100-fold safety factor proposal of Lehman and Fitzhugh.(2) The issue is current because of a recent courageous National Academy Committee report that recommends that EPA and agencies world wide begin the transition toward the use of use probabilistic interpretations of the uncertainty factors used in setting EPA reference values, "acceptable daily intakes," and similar guidance numbers for health protections. The issues and Dr. Cooke's salient observations go well beyond his immediate concerns about working with uncertainty factors. It is therefore useful, we believe, to expand on his general observations before turning to the direct implications of the conundrums. Our comments are organized as follows: in the next section, we discuss some opportunities and concerns that arise in considering the use of probability distributions for characterizing uncertainties and variability in risks from chemicals, paying particular attention to implications for EPA's primary compendium of reference values, the IRIS database;(3) in the following section, we consider implications of a "random chemical approach" to such characterization; we then take a look at the conundrums and assess their implications by way of examining their relevance to a particular example that we are familiar with, our articles presenting and refining a Straw Man pro-


Our highly industrialized society is always in search of ways to reduce or control friction and wear of materials. CVD diamond coatings are a potential solution for these problems. The scarcity and high cost of natural diamond have motivated researchers to attempt to synthesize diamond ever since it was discovered that diamond is an allotrope of carbon. This introductory chapter gives a brief summary on the allotropes of carbon and outlines the history of diamond synthesis. Then, the properties and applications of diamond are shortly listed and the motivation for the present work is described. Finally, an overview of the work described in this thesis is presented.


The microwave dielectric properties and the sintering behavior of commercial BaO-TiO/sub 2/-WO/sub 3/ dielectrics, N-35, with addition of various glasses; (1) simple glass formers, (2) ZnO-B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ based, (3) B/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ based and (4) Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-SiO/sub 2/ based glasses were studied. The Q of N-35 sintered with a ZnO-B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ glass system showed a sudden drop in the sintering temperature to around 1000/spl deg/C. Results of XRD, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy suggest that the chemical reaction between N-35 and the glass had a larger effect on Q than density. A 5wt% addition of B/sub 2/O/sub 3/ to N-35, when sintered at 1200/spl deg/C, had the best dielectric properties, Q=8300 and K=34.1 at 8.5 GHz, among the glasses Q, K and density increased with sintering temperature from 1000 to 1200/spl deg/C. The effects of the amount of glass added and the mixing method on the density and the dielectric properties will be discussed.


The equation between the virtual and digital technologies that prevailed during much of the 1990s is now regarded as more or less untenable. This paper argues that another sense of the virtual remains intact and even vital in understanding the 'newness' of new media as cultural-technological processes. This notion of virtuality, loosely drawn from recent cultural theories of post-social relationality (Shields, Massumi, Knorr-Cetina), describes processes that involve divergent, ongoing, generative transformations in a given domain linking people and things. This paper analyses the notion of 'the virtual' at work in the production, circulation, and representation of the Internet programming language and software platform, Java. Examining the circulation, interpretations, coding practices, branding and implementation of Java, it suggests that a notion of practical virtuality can help understand the dynamism of new media as open-ended cultural-technical relationality.


It has been found that in hydrocarbonate–chloride solutions (pH = 8.4) benzotriazole inhibits copper pitting corrosion. Comparative results obtained on stationary and rotating disc electrode have shown that rotation stabilizes the meta l/ electrolyte systems. Under drastic hydrodynamic conditions, the benzotriazole concentration required for full suppression of copper pitting corrosion was reduced 10-fold on a rotating disc.


I. Preliminary Factual Questions Concerning the Interaction with and Recovery of Human Remains at Sea ...................... 366 A. The Likelihood of Encountering Human Remains During Exploration and Excavation of Underwater Cultural Heritage ............................................................ 366 B. Distinguishing Human Remains from Other Underwater Cultural Heritage. ....................................... 366 C. Shipwrecks as Gravesites ............................................... 367 D. Unresolved Questions Concerning the Interaction with and Potential Recovery of Human Remains at Sea .................................................................................. 367 II. Development of the Current International Scheme ............... 368 A. Developing the Maritime Jurisdictional Framework ...... 368 1. Internal Waters ......................................................... 369 2. Territorial Sea ........................................................... 369 3. Contiguous Zone ...................................................... 370 4. Continental Shelf ...................................................... 371


Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) is defined as a
conformational difference of single-stranded nucleotide
sequences. For example, the cytosine (C)-rich single-stranded
DNA can adopt i-motif structure consisting of intercalated
hemiprotonated C–C+ base pairing [1,2]. Using linear sweep
voltammetry (LSV) and elimination voltammetry with linear scan
(EVLS) [3,4] we studied the effect of pH, the number and
sequence of C in homo and hetero-ODN chains on the reduction
signals on mercury electrodes in buffered and non-buffered
solutions. The EVLS procedure in connection with adsorptive
stripping techniques (AdS) was found to be capable of revealing
the changed ODN structure on a mercury electrode surface and
reflects the single-strand chain polymorphism. For this purpose
the EVLS function E4 conserving the diffusion current and
eliminating the kinetic and charging current components was
used. Compared to common voltammetric methods, the EVLS E4
function is capable of providing 7-15 fold sensitivity and a
better resolution of redox signals of the nucleobases in the
ODN chain [5]. This benefit is particularly pronounced in the
case of an adsorbed substance yielding a well-developed
elimination signal (peak-counterpeak) which does not require a
baseline correction. Changes in the nucleotide sequence, owing
to a polymorphism, are expected to alter the secondary
structure of the ODN molecules resulting in a shift in their
redox and adsorption properties. Although SSCP analysis is
primarily associated with the electrophoretic methods and the
polymerase chain reaction [6] our AdS EVLS can quickly identify
different conformers in solutions and on the electrode surface
in dependence on experimental conditions such as temperature,
pH, ionic strength and buffer components.


Acetic acid lignin (AAL) was isolated from acetic acid pulping waste liquor. The structure of AAL was characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)and 31P-NMR spectrum. AAL was used to substitute for part of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the synthesis of polyurethane foams (PUF). Thermal stability and physical characteristics of ALL-based polyurethane foams were determined by TGA/DSC and compression tests, respectively. The results showed that AAL has the typical structure of polyol. The density of AAL-based polyurethane foams is 0.20~0.28 g/cm3. When the dosage of lignin added in the foam is about 20%, the compression modulus is maximum, which is 164.4 kPa. In addition, the result also showed that the AAL addition has no significant effect on glass transition temperature of the polyurethane foams, but the start degradation temperature and the mass residue ratio of polyurethane increase, which indicates that the AAL-based polyurethane foams have better heat resistance than that without AAL.


The rapidly-evolving demand of applications using wireless sensor networks in several areas such as building and industrial automation or smart cities, among other, makes it necessary to determine and provide QoS support mechanisms which can satisfy the requirements of applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism that establishes different QoS levels, based on Publish/Subscribe model for wireless networks to meet application requirements, to provide reliable delivery of packet and timeliness. The first level delivers packets in a best effort way. The second one intends to provide reliable packet delivery with a novel approach for Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calculation, which adjusts the RTO depending on the subscriber Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The third one provides the same reliable packet delivery as the second one, but in addition, it provides data aggregation trying to be efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of network bandwidth. The last one provides timeliness in the packet delivery. We evaluate each QoS Level with several performance metrics such as PDR, Message Delivery Ratio, Duplicated and Retransmitted Packet Ratio and Packet Timeliness Ratio to demonstrate that our proposal provides significant improvements based on the increase of the PDR obtained.


Hybrid pulse laser deposition and liquid phase epitaxy methods have been used to produce in-plane c-axis (IPCA) oriented barium ferrite (BaM) films on a-plane (112¯0) sapphire substrates with low microwave loss and a high remanence. Total thicknesses were from 5to20μm. A reasonable compromise for low loss and high remanence was reached at a thickness of 7μm, with a remanence ratio of 0.84 and a 59GHz peak-to-peak derivative linewidth of 250Oe. The 20μm thick film had a linewidth of 110Oe, one of the smallest values ever obtained for IPCA BaM films.


Modern semiconductor industry has a major focus on die size reduction and favours the usage of multiple metal layers to increase gross margins. High congestion and voltage or IR drop challenges result from designs with higher and lower core utilisations. Owing to this issue, one of the major difficulties in large silicon-on-chip (SoC) design is the implementation of a power grid design. It's essential to correctly analyze IR drops to guarantee the reliability of the power grid. This paper presents a comprehensive review approach for the analysis of IR drop for robust power grid design in semiconductor chips. The necessity of the vector-based dynamic analysis and the drawbacks of the vector-less analysis have been addressed. The various techniques used to mitigate IR drop effects, including power grid modeling techniques, use of decoupling capacitors, and voltage drop analysis are explored. The review concludes by identifying the most promising techniques for robust power grid design in semiconductor chips and providing recommendations for future research. The simulations are carried out using ANSYS RedHawk, and the analysis findings are achieved using FinFET technology.


The spheroidal parts can be processed by adopting the number control lather,but the cost of process is high.Introduces a kind of methods which process the spheroidal parts by model.This method only need to refit in brief the common lather.It has the features of high efficient and low advantage in cost.


The expression of complement receptor Type I (CR I, CD35) on erythrocytes (E) is unique to humans and other primates. E-CRI, a C3b/C4b receptor that also acts as cofactor for Factor I, appears to be important in clearing C3/C4-opsonized immune complexes from the circulation, in controlling complement activation in the circulation, and in regulating antibody formation. This study was undertaken to determine whether therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) might increase E-CRI expression in humans. The rationale is that young erythrocytes express E-CRI than old erythrocytes. Thus, conditions that stimulate erythropoiesis should increase E-CRI expression. The hypothesis that stimulating erythropoiesis by rEPO therapy can increase E-CRI expression six anemic chronic hemodialysis patients five systemic lupus erythematosus patients 45%, re-quiring discontinuation of rEPO. It was concluded that rEPO therapy in anemic humans increases E-CRI expression. The magnitude of the changes suggests that E-CRI function could be importantly increased by rEPO therapy.


Importance: Lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia are characterized by scarring alopecia associated with pruritus, inflammation, and pain of affected areas. There is a paucity of data on treatment options for these disorders. The available management options are associated with significant adverse effects and poor efficacy. Objective: To explore apremilast as a treatment option for refractory lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia Design: This is a retrospective case series analyzing the outcomes of four patients with refractory lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia treated with apremilast. Setting: The patients were seen in the faculty practice of an academic institution in New York City. Participants: Four female patients with biopsy confirmed lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia refractory to currently used treatments Observations: We report a case series of four patients with lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia who had failed multiple previous treatments, including intralesional steroids, anti-malarials, oral anti-inflammatory agents, minocycline, acitretin, mycophenolate mofetil, and laser treatment who responded to apremilast. While two of these patients discontinued the drug due to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, clinical improvement was seen in every patient. Conclusions: To date, this is the first report of the use of apremilast for lichen planopilaris or frontal fibrosing alopecia, indicating its possible use in patients refractory to other treatments.


Professor Shorey reviews Plato's Theory of Ethics (this Journal, XXXIX, No. 2, 231-35), in spite of its Preface and method, from the standpoint of a professor fGreek literature. He thinks the book too long, and suggests four headings under which what he calls "the Platonic ethics" could be handled in "a dozen pages." Doubtless it could: but Professor Shorey's headings are of philological, rather than of specifically philosophical interest. Philosophers will regret that Professor Shorey has not been able to follow his distinguished colleague in Berlin' in recognizing the nature, legitimacy, and importance, in this field, of the analysis and synthesis which characterize philosophy. R. C. LODGE


The article provides a brief historiographical overview of complex monographic legal studies devoted to legal fiction, identifies trends in the field of its scientific development, draws attention to the fact that interest in general theoretical and special branch problems of fiction has resumed over the past few years, this is confirmed by the appearance of a number of original scientific works in 2021—2022, their characteristics are given the conclusion is made that fiction is a sought-after object of political and legal reality that is relevant for scientific understanding, connected with many modern problems of law-making and law enforcement activities of a theoretical and applied nature, the conclusion defines promising directions for its further study.


Objective:The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship of vascular enhancement patterns seen in arterial phase of dynamic multidetector computed tomography(MDCT) with the histopathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:64 patients(67 tumor foci) with surgery confirmed HCC were collected.All had triphasic dynamic enhanced MDCT scanning.67 lesions were divided into three groups according to tumor-vascular enhancement patterns on MDCT arterial phase including Group A,significant tumor parenchyma-enhancement in arterial phase;Group B,significant tumor-vascular enhancement in arterial phase;Group C,no significant enhancement of tumor.Tumors were pathologically classified as follows:well-differentiated group,patients with well-differentiated or well-moderately-differentiated HCC;moderately-differentiated group,with moderately-differentiated HCC;poorly differentiated group,with poorly-differentiated or moderately-poorly-differentiated HCC.The enhancement of tumor lesions in arterial phase was correlated with the pathology differentiation.Results:Of the 67 lesions,there were well differentiated tumors in Group A(n=12),Group B(n=3),Group C(n=2);moderately differentiated tumors in Group A(n=12),Group B(n=13),Group C(n=6);and 3,11 and 5 poorly-differentiated HCC in Group A,B,C respectively,with significant statistical differences(P0.05).Conclusion:The histopathological differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma was correlated with the arterial phase features on contrast enhanced MSCT,as the degree of tumor differentiation decreased,the intra-tumoral vasculature increased.More information about the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC could be provided by the characteristics of arterial phase on enhanced MSCT.


The need for public access to criminal proceedings increased in Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It was clear at the time that the public has the same interest as the offender, and it acts as a means of control. Therefore, the need for publicity was not an issue. But the world has changed a lot in the last 200 years. The interest in criminal cases has increased, often becoming a national or even international interest. But the data that become known to the public often have adverse consequences for both the offenders and the victims. It makes the problem even worse that the media reports on crimes are rarely objective. In my study, I am looking for answers to the questions as to what problems publicity may cause and how these problems could be avoided without undermining the principle of publicity.


Reconstructing high-fidelity 3D facial texture from a single image is a challenging task since the lack of complete face information and the domain gap between the 3D face and 2D image. The most recent works tackle facial texture reconstruction problem by applying either generation-based or reconstruction-based methods. Although each method has its own advantage, none of them is capable of recovering a high-fidelity and re-renderable facial texture, where the term 're-renderable' demands the facial texture to be spatially complete and disentangled with environmental illumination. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised learning framework for reconstructing high-quality 3D faces from single-view images in-the-wild. Our main idea is to first utilize the prior generation module to produce a prior albedo, then leverage the detail refinement module to obtain detailed albedo. To further make facial textures disentangled with illumination, we present a novel detailed illumination representation which is reconstructed with the detailed albedo together. We also design several regularization loss functions on both the albedo side and illumination side to facilitate the disentanglement of these two factors. Finally, thanks to the differentiable rendering technique, our neural network can be efficiently trained in a self-supervised manner. Extensive experiments on challenging datasets demonstrate that our framework substantially outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both qualitative and quantitative comparisons.


Objectives: Pitch plays a key role in the perception of speech and music, the recognition of a speaker's voice, and in analyzing complex auditory patterns. To date, little consideration has been given to the influence of stimulation level on pitch perception. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a sound's intensity on pitch perception in cochlear implant recipients using monopolar stimulation.


The optical behaviour of photovoltaic (PV) modules from different fabrication technologies was investigated under diffuse light by a novel characterization method. The optical apparatus, hemispherical/hemispherical reflectometer, allows both reflectance and transmittance measurements under an incident diffuse light which simulates the distributed outdoor irradiation from the sky or from the albedo. This paper presents only the configuration for reflectance measurements. The apparatus is provided with a single integrating sphere of 40 cm diameter, which acts as a lambertian source of diffuse light and spontaneously collects the diffuse light reflected by the sample in the front hemisphere. The hemispherical/hemispherical reflectance, R; expresses the optical loss of the PV device under diffuse light, and is obtained by measurements of light irradiance inside the sphere in correspondence with the sample and with a selected number of standards of diffuse reflectance. The best optical performances, in terms of optical loss, were achieved by modules realized with blue mono-Si cells and having textured front surfaces in the cover sheets. r 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


The invention discloses three-dimensional pattern window glass and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of processing three-dimensional patterns on the surface of a transparent sheet by a UV transfer printing technology, coating one, two or more transparent color films on the three-dimensional patterns in vacuum, carrying out silk-screen printing of a first ink layer of preset patterns on the transparent color films, covering the transparent color films needing to be retained, putting the transparent sheet subjected to silk-screen printing into a stripping solution, carrying out stripping, removing the needless transparent color films, carrying out punching according to a preset shape to obtain the transparent sheet having a required shape, and pasting a three-dimensional pattern-less surface of the punched transparent sheet to window glass to obtain the three-dimensional pattern window glass having a three-dimensional pattern visual effect. The three-dimensional pattern window glass is obtained by the manufacturing method. Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method realizes that the right side of the three-dimensional pattern window glass has real three-dimensional pattern visual effects, is not damaged and is not depreciated.


When a solar flare erupts, the sun emits a flood of X-rays and high-energy particles that reach Earth at the speed of light, causing a sudden ionospheric disturbance event (SID event). The D layer of the ionosphere absorbs high-frequency radio signals. With the increase of flare intensity, the D layer's absorption capacity becomes stronger, which leads to the decline of shortwave communication quality and even the interruption of shortwave communication. In this paper, solar flares, which caused large area short-wave communication interruption in recent years, are observed and analyzed by very low frequency (VLF) method, and the influence of solar flares on short-wave communication is summarized. Finally, several methods to deal with the short-wave communication interruption caused by solar flares are proposed.


Bilevel programming can be used to formulate many engineering and economics problems. However, solving such problems is hard, which impedes their implementation in real-life. In this paper, we propose to address this tractability challenge using machine learning classification techniques to learn the active constraints of the lower-level problem, in order to reduce it to those constraints only. Unlike in the commonly used reformulation of bilevel programs with the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions as a mixed-integer linear problem, our approach avoids introducing binaries and big-M constants. The application of machine learning reduces the online solving time, and is particularly necessary when the same problem has to be solved multiple times. In particular, it is very adapted to power systems problems, and especially to market applications in which the same problem is solved many times for different loads. Three methods are developed and applied to the problem of a strategic generator, with a DCOPF in the lower-level. We show that for networks of varying sizes, the computational burden is significantly reduced with a good probability of retrieving the optimal solution. We manage to find solutions for problems that were previously intractable.


Motivated by practical applications, chiefly clinical trials, we study the regret achievable for stochastic bandits under the constraint that the employed policy must split trials into a small number of batches. We propose a simple policy, and show that a very small number of batches gives close to minimax optimal regret bounds. As a byproduct, we derive optimal policies with low switching cost for stochastic bandits.


The thesis mainly analyzed the evolution of concept and standard of information fluency in US,and on the basis of that,it concluded that domestic information literacy education calls for the national education and technical standards,and it's necessary to strengthen the cooperation in the field of information quality in order to effectively raise people's,especially the students' information literacy up to information fluency.


30 p. transcript of an interview with Rowena McLellan conducted by Murray Dobbin on August 16, 1976. Tape number IH-392, transcript disc 94.


7 authors, 10 Arabic articles per author from electronic sources. http://www.taamolat.com/ Included, a directory for each author containing the text of each of the 10 articles and the metadata for that article. It was used as the basis for a paper appearing in ICALP2019, October 16-17, 2019 Nancy/France


The aims of the Family Styles Project, set up to study the effects on child development of the counter-cultural life styles that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s, are reviewed. Background data on the project are presented as an introduction to papers dealing with child-rearing practices, maternal employment, and interpersonal conflict in alternative families.


The synthesis of unprecedented branched pyrrolizidines and indolizidines was accomplished via nitrone chemistry. The required ketonitrone, a known intermediate usually obtained as a mixture of regioisomers, was prepared in a pure form from d-arabinose by a sequence of oximation/reduction/oxidation steps. Nucleophilic vinylation or allylation followed by ring-closing metathesis of the corresponding N-allylpyrrolidines furnished the targeted iminosugars, which proved potent and selective inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase from rice (GH31 family).


In the conducted study, we observed the effect of cognitive rehabilitation in the stroke patients. Stroke patients irrespective of gender, attending physical medicine and rehabilitation OPD and stroke clinic were included in study. Cognitive ability was assessed clinically using relevant assessment scales (MMSE, ACER,) and various tasks. Assessment of patients was done at three monthly intervals (0, 3, 6, 9 months) the results were compared with control group and analysed by appropriate statistical methods. There was a significant improvement, in cognitive status after 9 month from the from the base line value (paired t test) in both cases and controls. However, statistical analysis failed to show any significant intergroup difference.


Clustering is the process of discovering groups within high-dimensional databases, based on similarities, with a minimal knowledge of their structure. Traditional clustering algorithms perform it over centralized databases, however, recent applications require datasets distributed among several sites. Therefore, in distributed database environments, all distributed data must be concentrated on a central site before applying traditional algorithms. There is a series of limitations which hinder the utilization of traditional data mining techniques on distributed databases. The approach commonly taken, the gathering of all distributed databases in a central unit, followed by algorithm application, is strongly criticized, because in these cases, it is important to take into consideration some issues, namely: the possibility of existence of similar data with different names and formats, differences in data structures, and conflicts between one and another database (Zhang et al., 2003). Besides, the unification of all of the registers in a single database may take to the loss of meaningful information, once that statistically interesting values in a local context may be ignored when gathered to other ones in a larger volume. On the other hand, integration of several database in a single location is not suggested when it is composed of very large databases. If a great organization has large disperse databases and needs to gather all the data in order to apply on them data mining algorithms, this process may demand great data transference, which may be slow and costly (Forman & Zhang, 2000). Moreover, any change that may occur in distributed data, for instance inclusion of new information or alteration of those already existing will have to be updated along with the central database. This requires a very complex data updating strategy, with overload of information transference in the system. Furthermore, in some domains such as medical and business areas whereas distributed databases occurs, transferring raw datasets among parties can be insecure because confidential information can be obtained, putting in risk privacy preserving and security requirements. Due to all of these problems related to database integration, research for algorithms that perform data mining in a distributed way is not recent. In the end of the 90s, several researches about algorithms to effectuate distributed data mining started to appear, having been strengthened mainly by the rise of the distributed database managing systems and of the need for an analysis of such data in the way that they were dispersed (DeWitt & Gray, 1992; Souza, 1998). Currently, there is an increasing demand for methods with the ability to


Balance experiments were carried out on 6 children being treated for kwashiorkor. The intakes and excretions of N, fat, Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cr were measured. The absorptions were all thought to be in the normal range and the retentions were high. The stools were bulky and contained much undetermined matter, probably unavailable carbohydrate derived from the matooke which formed part of their diet. In the light of previous and present findings the ratios of K/N and Mg/N retained, though higher than those found in muscle or in the whole body, cannot be taken to mean that the children were K or Mg deficient.


At present, more and more tennis players use forehand drive play to carry out important tennis match in the tennis sports. In order to better tennis forehand pumping ball to understand technical motion analysis, the use of tennis forehand drive action to carry on mechanical analysis. Through the theoretical mechanics analysis of tennis forehand drive, to select our country excellent tennis players carry out tennis forehand drive experimental mechanical analysis, at the same time, tennis players use the forehand drive movement structure and the comprehensive effect of smoke ball for the different rotation tennis of forehand out, which can obtain the mechanics characteristic of tennis athletes forehand drive technology movement that conduce to tennis players' attack and defence skill training.


In both architecture and software, the main goal of data locality-oriented optimizations has always been "minimizing the number of cache misses" (especially, costly last-level cache misses). However, this paper shows that other metrics such as the distance between the last-level cache and memory controller as well as the memory queuing latency can play an equally important role, as far as application performance is concerned. Focusing on a large set of multithreaded applications, we first show that the last-level cache "write backs" (memory writes due to displacement of a victim block from the last-level cache) can exhibit significant latencies as well as variances, and then make a case for "relaxing" the strict LRU policy to save (write back) cycles in both the on-chip network and memory queues. Specifically, we explore novel architecture-level schemes that optimize on-chip network latency, memory queuing latency or both, of the write back messages, by carefully selecting the victim block to write back at the time of cache replacement. Our extensive experimental evaluations using 15 multithreaded applications and a cycle-accurate simulation infrastructure clearly demonstrate that this tradeoffs (between cache hit rate and on-chip network/memory queuing latency) pays off in most of the cases, leading to about 12.2% execution time improvement and 14.9% energy savings, in our default 64-core system with 6 memory controllers.


Abstract : The purpose of this contract was threefold. (1) To develop a miniature X-band parametric amplifier. (2) To develop a Ka-band avalanche diode oscillator for the pump. (3) Integrate the paramp with a receiver previously developed.


The authors demonstrate an optical switching mechanism based on two-mode lasers in which bistability does not exist. Both theoretical analysis and experiment show that a small amount of gain or loss modulation is sufficient to cause switching between two oscillating modes.


Traditional segmentation schemes are often based on a grouping of consumers with similar preference functions. The research steps, ultimately leading to such segmentation schemes, are typically independent. In the present article, a new integrated approach to segmentation is introduced, which incorporates elements of traditional approaches, albeit in a new and innovative way. The new methodology and its potential managerial and policy relevance is illustrated using the Dutch initiative of reducing car use for leisure trips as an example.


One problem with the plethora of electronic instruments in the music world today is all the wires and cables that need to be transported, plugged in, and managed. For an electronic drum set, the wires make setup complicated and look messy, and the difficulty of assembly and disassembly limits its use to one fixed place. A wireless system, on the other hand, would provide portability and greatly expand the range of venues where electronic drums could be used in place of acoustic ones. A batteryless self-powered wireless transmitter has been developed that sends a signal from a drum pad to a synthesizer. The power generated by a piezoelectric generator functions both as the "Play" signal for the synthesizer and as the power source for the wireless transmitter. A DC isolation technique based on a transformer and coupling capacitors provides efficient power division. The system employs direct FM modulation so that zero latency is theoretically supported in the radio transmission process. Experimental results for an electronic drum without any connecting wires fully demonstrated the feasibility of a self-powered wireless transmission system with a latency of 900 μs.


Much information on the ecology of the coconut moth in Java has been col¬ lected since the late Dr S. Leefmans (1928) laid the foundations of our know¬ ledge of this pest during his career as agricultural entomologist in Indonesia. From a practical point of view it was of particular importance to study conditions under which outbreaks of this pest are likely to develop, and for this purpose population studies were made during a number of years on a coconut estate in Central Java (van der Vecht, 1950 a). It proved much more difficult to investigate the factors responsible for the termination of outbreaks, for in most outbreaks reported since 1928 the pest was controlled by mechanical or chemical methods. Some smaller outbreaks where control was unnecessary were either reported too late or they were too far away from the main laboratory at Bogor. When in December 1939 an outbreak was discovered in a coconut area of minor economic importance in the neighbourhood of Djakarta, only 30 miles from Bogor, this was a welcome opportunity to make a detailed study of the influence of parasites, hyperparasites and possible other factors. As it was very unlikely that the outbreak would assume serious pro¬ portions, the owners of the trees agreed to abstain from application of control measures.


As-cast Ti-43Al-9V-0.3Y alloy comprisesγphase,minorα_2,B2 and YAl_2,and its microstructure is lamellar structure (lamellar volume fraction of about 85%,lamellar colony size of about 80μm).As-forged alloy comprises a large number of dynamicly recrystallizedγgrains with sizes of 1-5μm,and microstructure was drastically refined.As-rolled alloy consists of the fine nearγwith size of about 20μm and fine net-like B2 phases distributed alongγgrains.The ultimate tensile strengths of about 510.6 and 425.8 MPa were obtained at room temperature and 700℃for as-cast alloy with the elongations of about 0.5% and 5.7%,respectively.After forging and rolling,the tensile properties of the alloy were greatly improved.


There are numerous examples of sheet sand deposits in the literature, but our knowledge is limited by restricted outcrop exposure or by the resolution of seismic data. Even in areas where exposure of deep-sea or basin-floor sediment is deemed good, such as the Tanqua Fan (Wickens and Bouma, 2000) or the Jackfork Formation (Coleman et al. 1994), work is often limited to correlation between widely spaced stratigraphic logs or to continuous exposures well below the size architectural elements of modern fans.


The transcription factor GATA2 plays an important role in cell lineage decisions during hematopoiesis. GATA2 Zinc-Finger (ZF) mutations are associated with distinct entities of myeloid malignancies. Alterations of the N-terminal ZF1 were identified in AML patients with biallelic CEBPA mutations, whereas the C-terminal ZF2 is typically affected by germline mutations predisposing to MDS and AML, or by somatic lesions in CML blast crisis. Nevertheless, the context-dependent mechanisms underlying GATA2 ZF mutations remain mostly unclear. Here, we set out to study the functional consequences of GATA2 ZF mutations.
 To test the effect on differentiation, we expressed GATA2 wild-type (WT) or GATA2 ZF mutants in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, stimulated with appropriate cytokines. Differentiation was evaluated by FACS-measurements of surface marker expression (erythroid markers: CD71, CD235a; granulocytic/monocytic markers: CD15, CD14). GATA2 WT caused a block of erythroid differentiation that is overcome by the ZF1 mutants (A318T and G320D), whereas the ZF2 mutant L359V may aggravate this block. For granulocytic/monocytic differentiation an overall block was observed for GATA2 WT and all the ZF mutants tested (Figure 1 A, B).
 Recently, we and others observed GATA2 mutation gain in AML relapse (Greif et al., 2018 Clin Cancer Res; Christopher et al., 2018, NEJM), pointing towards a potential role in therapy resistance. Therefore, we treated K562 cells stably expressing GATA2 WT or mutants with Daunorubicin (one of the two drugs commonly used in AML chemotherapy). Expression of GATA2 A318T in K562 cells correlated with higher sensitivity to Daunorubicin and lower expression levels of IDH2. (Figure 1 C, D). Interestingly, this particular ZF1 mutation was the only one that got lost at relapse in the study by Christopher and colleagues, consistent with therapy sensitivity, whereas most of the GATA2 mutations gained at relapse were localized in the ZF2 domain.
 In summary, GATA2 ZF mutations influence hematopoietic differentiation and chemotherapy response in a position-dependent manner. In the present study, we report distinct roles for individual GATA2 mutations depending on the affected ZF domain and altered amino acid positions. Understanding the oncogenic collaboration of GATA2 mutations with other driver genes in distinct patient subgroups is a challenge ahead.
 Figure.1

 Hiddemann: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Research Funding; Vector Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


As a traditional Chinese medicine, the sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has a long history in the treatment of ischemic heart disease and circulatory disorders. However, the active compounds responsible for and the underlying mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. In this article, isorhamnetin pretreatment counteracted H2O2‐induced apoptotic damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Isorhamnetin did not inhibit the death receptor‐dependent or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, as characterized by its absence in both caspase‐8 inactivation and tBid downregulation along with unchanged Fas and TNFR1 mRNA levels. Instead, isorhamnetin specifically suppressed the mitochondria‐dependent or intrinsic apoptotic pathways, as characterized by inactivation of caspase‐9 and ‐3, maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and regulation of a series of Bcl‐2 family genes upstream of ΔΨm. The anti‐apoptotic effects of isorhamnetin were linked to decreased ROS generation. H2O2 activated ERK and p53, whereas isorhamnetin inhibited their activation. ERK overexpression overrode the isorhamnetin‐induced inhibition of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which indicated that an ERK‐dependent pathway was involved. Furthermore, N‐acetyl cysteine (a potent ROS scavenger) could attenuate the H2O2‐induced apoptosis. However, PD98059 (an ERK‐specific inhibitor) could not effectively antagonize ROS generation, which indicates that ROS may be an upstream inducer of ERK. In conclusion, isorhamnetin inhibits the H2O2‐induced activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via ROS scavenging and ERK inactivation. Therefore, isorhamnetin is a promising reagent for the treatment of ROS‐induced cardiomyopathy. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 473–485, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Faba bean is attacked by a number of fungal diseases, among which Chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae , Ascochyta blight ( Ascochyta fabae ) and rust ( Uromyces vicia faba ) are the major ones. Chocolate spot and rust are the major diseases which can reduce yield by about 61 and 21%, respectively. The use of effective synthetic fungicides is one the control options frequently practiced in Ethiopia. Environmental hazard and economic unfeasibility of this option makes the search for environmentally safe, economically affordable and easily available control measures inevitable. This trial is planned to investigate the efficacy of cow and horse dung compost teas against the in vivo growth of Chocolate spot ( Botrytis fabae , Ascochyta blight ( Ascochyta fabae ) and rust ( Uromyces vicia faba ). The result showed that B. fabae reduced to less than 22% severity by application of aerated cow and horse dung compost teas. It was also possible to lower the severity of A. fabae to 18.5% from treatment of aerated cow and aerated anon aerated horse dung compost teas. Moreover, with the use of aerated cow dung compost extract rust could be minimized to about 22.2% severity. From this experiment, it has become clear that compost teas of the two sources are effective against severity of the three diseases. It is important that thorough investigation is required on the practicality of the compost teas to fully exploit their potential.


9 10 Abstract. To derive an optimal observation system for surface ocean pCO2 in the Atlantic Ocean and the Atlantic 11 sector of the Southern Ocean eleven Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) were completed. Each 12 OSSE is a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) that is based on a different data distribution and provides ocean 13 surface pCO2 for the period 2008-2010 with a 5 day time interval. Based on the geographical and time positions 14 from three observational platforms, volunteering observing ships (VOS), Argo floats and OceanSITES moorings, 15 pseudo-observations were constructed using the outputs from an online-coupled physical-biogeochemical global 16 ocean model with 0.25o nominal resolution. The aim of this work was to find an optimal spatial distribution of 17 observations to supplement the widely used Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) and to improve the accuracy of 18 ocean surface pCO2 reconstructions. OSSEs showed that the additional data from mooring stations and an 19 improved coverage of the Southern Hemisphere with biogeochemical ARGO floats corresponding to least 25% of 20 the density of active floats (2008-2010) (OSSE 10) would significantly improve the pCO2 reconstruction and 21 reduce the bias of derived estimates of sea-air CO2 fluxes by 74% compared to ocean model outputs. 22 23


(57) Abstract: The present invention is to adhere to the intestinal mucosa, of lactic acid bacteria capable of forming an essentially colonies intestinal mucosa relates to the use for the treatment of disorders associated with peritonitis. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of such lactic acid bacteria for the treatment of peritonitis caused by liver cirrhosis.


Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern globally, with the threat of a post-antibiotic era, where common infections can become fatal, a very plausible reality. Despite ongoing efforts to control AMR, both mortality and expenses have increased. To combat this threat, a thorough understanding of the mechanisms and the driver behind this issue needs to be known. The key mechanisms of resistance are modification or destruction of antimicrobials, reduction of access to the target, and alteration of the target. These mechanisms may be present in the microorganisms naturally or may have been acquired from other microorganisms. As AMR jeopardizes the successful prevention and treatment of many infectious diseases, this article looks at the causes of AMR, along with the possible mechanisms of resistance development, and suggested control strategies to deal with the problem conclusively.


This paper analyses the multiplicity of image rights in Europe and the classical conflictual relationship between the right to one's own image and copyright law. First, the paper analyses the main mechanisms of legal protection of a person's image in selected jurisdictions, in both the civil law and the common law tradition. It is deduced that the civil law approach based on the right of privacy or the right of personality is expressed mainly either via a duality, reflecting the extra-patrimonial and the patrimonial attributes to one's own image, or via the recognition of a single right with a dual nature. On the other hand, the protection granted to the right to one's own image in the United Kingdom is piecemeal in nature, since it is based on a broad interpretation of the classic torts of breach of confidence and passing off, which fails to provide a coherent and effective legal framework for protecting the intangible asset of a person's image, both in terms of its dignitary and its economic identity. After pinpointing the major differences in terms of protecting the right to one's own image in Europe, the emphasis is placed on the relationship between image rights and copyright law. A classic approach considers image rights as an external limitation of copyright law, and therefore typifies the relationship between image rights and copyright law as being primarily conflictual in nature. Nonetheless, it is also possible to focus on the convergences between the right to one's own image and copyright law, since both refer to intangible assets that combine both extra-patrimonial and patrimonial interests. In this respect, copyright law could serve as a model for the eventual creation of a European patrimonial right to one's own image. While the idea of promoting the recognition or establishment of a new intellectual property right for protecting the economic attributes of a person's image in EU Member States' domestic jurisdictions, inspired by the US publicity right, is not new, and has been advanced by doctrinal circles both in the civil law and in the common law tradition, the new borderless realities of the dissemination and commodification of image, and the affirmation of strong protection for the dignitary attributes of a person's image by the case law of the European Court of Human Rights emphasise the need for, and the feasibility of, the construction of a European patrimonial right to one's own image. The unique prototype of copyright law consisting of a synthesis of extra-patrimonial and patrimonial interests could be used as a model for building such a right.


: This work is design to study the variation in monthly number of live and stillbirth at university of Abuja teaching hospital Gwagwalada, Abuja between 1996 and 2015.To provide a model useful in forecasting live and still birth pattern. The study will give an insight on how stillbirth can be reduced in the hospital. The study will also serve as a guide to pregnant women and the general public to know the cause of stillbirth and how it can be prevented. The study will as well help the government to know the total number of babies that will be given birth to in the years to come (forecast).During the course of this study, it was noted/discovered that the data on live birth and stillbirth had irregular patterns such that, it goes very high at a period and very low at another. Also, the trend estimated showed a positive correlation between the live birth and still birth. Furthermore, the deterministic model was fitted and forecast was made. Probabilistic model identification, fitting of appropriate model and forecast was also carried out. However, the models fitted satisfy stationery condition and also had the minimum Akaike Information Criterion. ARIMA (3 1 2) and ARIMA (2 1 1) which was fitted led to the forecast that live birth increased and then decreased for some time before and then decreased totally. It was also noticed in the original data collected that the total number of live births in august and September 2001 and 2002 and some other months was decreased leading to a decrease in the still birth. Lastly, it was discovered that maybe the number of pregnant women in the labor room at a time out-weighed the number of nursing staff making them inefficient and leading to some of the pregnant women being in labor for too long which lead to death of the fetal in the womb before delivery. Also, some of the nursing mothers were not properly orientated on the kind of health care required during pregnancy and the level of poverty in the country may have contributed to the increase in stillbirth during delivery. Based on this study, ARIMA (3 1 2) and ARIMA (2 1 1) were found appropriately fit to the live birth and stillbirth respectively. Increase in live birth also account for the increase in still birth and showed that as time goes on, more live birth and stillbirth will be noticed. This could be reduced drastically if women are well oriented and have standard good health condition. Figure and figure shows the time plots of the autocorrelation function and the partial autocorrelation function of live birth residuals respectively, the time plots the residuals appears to be randomly scattered, no correlation between the error term. The residuals therefore conceived of an independently distributed sequence with zero mean and constant variance. The ACF and PACF plots of the residuals also shows no great evidence of significant spike indicating the uncorrelation between the residuals indicating that the residuals of ARIMA (3 1 2) is a white noise, therefore ARIMA (3 1 2) is the best model that can be used for forecasting the live birth series.


Free radical acrylate polymerization is associated with a considerable number of side reactions occurring during chain growth. Most notably, the secondary chain propagating radicals can undergo intramolecular transfer reactions, forming...


This paper analyzes the objective logic of professional commitment to the defense of social causes in the city of Aracaju/Sergipe. The methodological procedure consists in questionnaires given to professionals who occupy positions in institutions oriented towards collective causes, in order to identify who they are, where they come from and what is the main basis for their social resources. This research details the profile of these professionals, theirs social and political backgrounds as well as the role of formal and informal relationship networks as the main access channel to the causes.


Studies were conducted for 28days to ascertain the carcass and internal organ characteristics of deep litter managed finisher broilers fed diets containing Neem (Azadirachtaindica) leaf meal. The neem leaf meal was included in the broiler finisher diets at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% levels respectively and fed to groups of 30 broiler birds of finisher phase using completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was further sub–divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each and each replicate housed in a pen, measuring 1½ x2m. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for the 4 weeks. The air dried neem leaf meal contained 15.56% crude fibre and 18.10% crude protein.At the end of the feeding trial, 2 birds from each replicate were randomly selected, sacrificed, eviscerated and their carcarses and internal organs weighed. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the live-weights of the birds on T0, T2.5, and T5.0, but significant differences existed (P 0.05). However, significant differences (P 0.05) among the other treatments. The weights of thighs were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). However, weights of wings were affected by treatments. The weights of drumsticks increased as the level of Neem leaf meal increased but there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the drumsticks of T0, T2.5, and T5.0. Heart and liver weights were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). T10 recorded the highest weight (P<0.05) for gall bladder. Abdominal fat reduced as from T7.5. The carcass and internal organ characteristics obtained from the study tended to suggest that the Neem leaf meal did not present any discernible nutritional problems to the birds that could clearly manifest in the organ weights.


Theorem 1 (Lazard, see e.g. [Berger1] prop. 4.12). (i) Any finitely generated ideal of RL is principal. (ii) Any finite type submodule of RL admits elementary divisors. Remark 1. Part (i) implies that finite type, torsion free, RL-modules are free. Part (ii) implies e.g. that if M ⊂ N := RL is of finite type over RL, then the saturation of M in N (that is M sat = {x ∈ N,∃f 6= 0 ∈ RL, fx ∈ M}) is finite type over RL with the same rank as M .


Since the year 2000 detailed research and technology pre-development work on gel propulsion for rockets and ramjets is conducted at the DLR Institute for Space Propulsion at Lampoldshausen test site. Test facilities are available to conduct rheological investigations, spray experiments under ambient conditions and combustion tests under ramjet and rocket relevant test conditions. This publication gives a short overview about facilities, instrumentation together with some major results of the work conducted. The presented results cover a rheological law (HBE equation) for the shear viscosity / shear rate dependency, flow behavior, generalized and critical Reynolds number dependencies, spray and combustion behavior in separate experimental setups as well as rocket combustor process investigations in a modular model combustor.


The modern progress in human activities is accompanied by the increasing dependence of the economy on various natural phenomena (climate anomalies, catastrophic natural processes) and the state of the environment (determination of food quality and the ambient medium). The anthropogenic load on the environment becomes more and more essential, which interferes with the existing equilibrium of natural processes. Human activities also produce essential changes in marine ecosystems, and reduce fishing and varieties of the marine fauna. The industrial application of sea and ocean shelfs and their use for gas and oil production and transport increase the probability of large-scale accidents with irreparable damage of recreational and biological sea resources. It is obvious that the intensification of the industrial development of marine areas should be accompanied by the improvement of systems of control over the marine environment, so that it could give reliable information for decision making, correction of existing projects, and justification of future economic projects. The ability to simulate, forecast, and control the state of the marine environment allows us to improve the efficiency of operations in the sea and to avoid negative consequences of the economic activity. Efficient means for control and prognosis of the marine environment are offered by modern geoinformation technologies, including operational observation systems, mathematical models of the marine environment evolution, and observation data assimilation methods. Methods and systems of modelling and monitoring global and regional natural processes have been intensely developed during the last 2–3 decades in different countries. This was stimulated by progress in mathematical methods and computational technologies, by increasing capacity of multiprocessor computational platforms, by creation of new measurement complexes (satellites, floating buoys, etc.). Computing and information systems have been set up, which allows one to analyze and forecast three-dimensional dynamics of sea and ocean circulation and the evolution of marine ecosystems. As examples of progress in this direction in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, we can mention the model of ocean hydrodynamics with variational data assimilation algorithms developed at


Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) of copper in trenches and vias of patterned silicon wafers is routinely used in CMOS processes as well as MEMS applications. Although the main goals of CMP are to achieve a planar surface at the nano-scale without scratches, it is generally the case that copper is preferentially polished, a condition called dishing and erosion, relative to the pattern geometry. We have measured dishing and erosion of electroplated copper on patterned silicon wafers with specially-designed patterns containing combinations of line-width and density. One hundred millimeter diameter wafers were patterned using a standard etching process and electroplated with copper. The polishing was done on a modified laboratory-scale bench top polisher which allows ranges of normal loads and velocities. A commercial pad (Rodel IC1000 plain) and slurry were used along with a slurry-delivery rate fixed by a peristaltic pump. The pad conditioning and other process parameters were chosen to represent those used in standard industrial practice. Dishing and erosion were measured as a function of the pattern geometry and polishing conditions. The measured dishing and erosion were then compared to other models.© 2005 ASME


Carfilzomib is an irreversible epoxyketone-based proteasome inhibitor (PI) that is specific for the chymotrypsin-like active site of 20S proteasome. In 2012, carfilzomib was first approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). It has equal or higher efficacy than bortezomib. Haematological adverse events (AEs) remain the most common Grade 3–4 AEs associated with carfilzomib. Besides, carfilzomib is well-known for its unique set of cardiovascular AEs. Infection is a frequent non-haematological AE in patients with MM treated with PIs. However, definitive data on carfilzomib are still lacking. Hence, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the relative risk of serious infections with carfilzomib in patients with MM. A comprehensive electronic search (search strategy in Appendix S1) was conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinical Trial.gov databases to the 20 March 2019. All identified citations were uploaded in Covidence systematic review software (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia). Two investigators (S.W. and T.R.B.) independently screened the titles and abstracts. Differences were resolved by discussion with a third investigator (R.C.). We included all RCTs comparing carfilzomib-based regimens with non-carfilzomib-based regimens in MM. The study selection process is summarised in Appendix S2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. The primary outcome of our present study was the relative risk of serious infections with carfilzomib, and the relevant data were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov. Serious infections were defined as infections that were life-threatening or resulted in death, inpatient hospitalisation, extended hospital stay, or significant incapacity in patients. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model by Der Simonian and Laird. The heterogeneity across studies was quantified using I statistic. Publication bias was assessed with the Egger's regression test. All statistical analyses were performed with the Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3; The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark). Four RCTs with 2954 patients (1486 in the carfilzomib arm and 1468 in the control arm) were included in the final analysis. The characteristics of the included studies are summarised in Table I. The risk of bias amongst studies is given in Appendix S3. Three studies were conducted in patients with relapsed/refractory MM, whereas one study (CLARION) was done in individuals with newly diagnosed MM. The median duration of treatment in the carfilzomib arm ranged from 16 to 88 weeks. Carfilzomib was administered twice weekly in all trials, with a starting dose of 20 mg/ m. The peak doses ranged from 27 to 56 mg/m. A total of 514 serious infection events were noted in patients on carfilzomib-based regimens, compared to 354 in the control arms. The relative risk of total serious infections was significantly elevated with carfilzomib-based regimens (pooled RR 1 40, 95% CI 1 17–1 69; P = 0 0003, Fig 1A). In the carfilzomib arm, 65% of all serious infections involved the respiratory tract, and 38% were pneumonia. Patients on carfilzomib were at a statistically significant higher risk of serious respiratory tract infections (RTIs) than controls (pooled RR 1 30, 95% CI 1 12–1 50; P = 0 0004, Fig 1B). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of serious pneumonia between the carfilzomib and control groups (pooled RR 1 14, 95% CI 0 92–1 41; P = 0 23). Substantial heterogeneity (I = 57%) was noted across trials. A subgroup analysis based on carfilzomib dose (≤27 vs. >27 mg/m) and treatment setting (relapsed/refractory vs. newly diagnosed) did not reveal any statistically significant subgroup effect. There was no publication bias, and sensitivity analysis did not yield any significant change in our findings. Our meta-analysis found that carfilzomib-based regimens were associated with a significantly higher risk of serious infections, particularly serious RTIs; however, the risk of serious pneumonia was not significantly increased. Despite the tremendous advancement in therapeutics in the last few decades, MM remains an incurable disease with a high rate of relapses and most patients die from disease progression. Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in myeloma, and about half of early deaths are attributable to infections. Risk factors include several host-related, diseaseassociated immune defects, and treatment-related AEs. Patients with MM have significantly decreased numbers of na€ıve or activated CD-8 positive T cells and natural killer cells compared with age-matched healthy individuals. These T-cell subsets decline even more with each successive line of conventional chemotherapy. Proteasome inhibition leads to disruption of intracellular antigen presentation and depletion of alloreactive T cells. Treatment with a PI poses a higher risk of reactivation of viral infection and the development of other opportunistic infections. Prior studies with carfilzomib have reported incidence rates of RTI ranging from 10% to 18 8%. Pneumonia seems to be the most common respiratory AE and correspondence


A system for analyzing an offset QPSK modulation, comprising: Is set for the predetermined candidate value for an initial phase of a first compensation unit (430) that moves in accordance with a candidate value for an initial phase, the phase of a baseband signal obtained by orthogonally detecting an offset-QPSK-modulated signal, a first estimation unit (434) which generates a QPSK signal by eliminating an offset that contains a quadrature component or an in-phase component of the by the first compensation unit (430) compensated signal, and a clock delay using the QPSK signal estimates a second compensation unit (436) that compensates for by the first compensation unit (430) according to the compensated signal by the first estimation unit (434) the estimated clock delay, a unit (438, 440) for generating an ideal signal that generates an ideal signal for by the second compensation unit (436) compensated signal by executing again an offset QPSK modulation process, after an offset-QPSK demodulation has the through the second compensation unit (436) executed compensated signal, ...


In view of the fast convergence and global optimization of particle swarm optimization (PSO), a prediction model based on particle swarm optimization for optimizing BP neural network is proposed. The aim of this paper is to increase the quantity of haematococcus pluvialis. The biomass of haematococcus pluvialis was predicted under different survival conditions by using BP neural network and particle swarm optimization BP neural network. Respectively, the prediction accuracy and fitting degree of the two simulation models are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that particle swarm optimization BP neural network has a high reliability in the prediction of algae biomass. Compared with the prior BP neural network prediction model, the prediction accuracy is more than 95%. And the fitting degree of the curve is also improved. The algorithm provides the support for the prediction of the biomass of haematococcus pluvialis.


The authors seek to illustrate that gaps exist between leadership theory and practice. Well-reasoned theories are disseminated in various academic venues; however, they are hardly applied in practice. In higher education, these gaps seem to be compounded by the administrator's lack of technical skills or leadership ethics. To demonstrate the true gaps between leadership theories and practice, the authors provide a real world example. While different leadership theories are briefly reviewed, the authors' intention was to show that they need to be applied to practice in order for leaders to be effective. Closing the gaps between leadership theories and practice may take many years and much effort. By reading this chapter, the authors hope readers/researchers will clearly see the gaps that exist in higher education and work to find ways to plug those gaps. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-0062-1.ch009


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTChemicals are tested for carcinogenicity by exposing animals to levels that are high fractions of the toxic dose. In order to use these data to estimate risk to humans, the results must be extrapolated to low levels. We review several non-threshold models in wide-spread use. Risk estimates obtained from these are compared with threshold values estimated from the new "filter model".


Bixin, a pigment used for food colouring is known to have a hyperglycemic effect. It was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide, from the seeds of annatto (Bixa orellana L.). The major pigment in annatto, trans-bixin, was quantified by high pressure liquid chromatography. A combination of static and dynamic modes of extraction with carbon dioxide containing acetonitrile (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid) as modifier at 60.62 MPa and 40°C was found to the best set of conditions studied and afforded 2.70 mg bixin/g dry weight of the annatto seeds. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To improve life quality of renal transplant patients by exploring erectile function in men with renal failure before and after kidney transplantation.Methods The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) was employed to evaluate erectile dysfunction (ED) of 50 patients with chronic renal failure before and after kidney transplantation, and sex hormones were determined.Results The prevalence of ED was 84 % before kidney transplantation and it decreased to 54 % in patients with normal renal function after transplantation ( P 0.05 ). IIEF was higher in patients with hemodialysis less than 6 months than in those with hemodialysis between 6 and 24 months, and more than 24 months before transplantation ( P 0.05 ). IIEF were increased to some extent without reference to age of recipients after transplantation ( P 0.05 ). Oestradiol ( P 0.05 ) and prolactin ( P 0.01 ) levels were decreased significantly, and testosterone levers were increased after transplantation ( P 0.05 ).Conclusion Successful renal transplantation can improve erectile function of penis. In addition, adjusting sexual mentality of the recipients can decrease the prevalence of ED.


This paper studies empirical issues of one-factor yield curve models. We focus on the models by Hoand Lee (1986), Hull and White (1990) and Moraleda and Vorst (1996). To be consistent in thecomparison of the models, we derive them all within the Ritkchen and Sankarasubramanian (1995)framework, which is a subset of the very general Heath, Jarrow and Morton (1992) model. Weestimate model parameters from historical time series of government bond prices. The model byMoraleda and Vorst (1996) turns out to best explain the yield curve dynamics through time.Moreover, humped shapes in the volatility structure as modelled in this model are typically found.Next, we use these parameter estimations for pricing options traded in the Spanish financial market.A comparison between model and market option prices is provided.


Abstract: The interaction of dark matter particles (WIMPs) with the odd-mass $^{73}$Ge and $^{131}$Xe target nuclei ,{ {that is the recoil rates corresponding to the elastic scattering of WIMPs by these nuclei}}, is analysed in the context of the minimal extensions of the SUSY model. The BCS+QRPA technique plus the quasiparticle-phonon coupling scheme is used to describe the nuclear structure part of the calculations. The resulting values for the nuclear spin content of both nuclei are compared to values previously reported in the literature.


Abstract The stability and dispersion of dredged material at an offshore disposal site was studied using integrated multibeam–geophysical surveys, sampling, in situ monitoring, and modelling techniques. The disposed material at the disposal site undergoes significant reworking by strong tidal currents and superimposed waves: 84% of the dumped material, mainly fine-grained sediments, was transported away from the disposal site and only 16%, mainly coarser material, remained near the disposal site centre to form an irregularly shaped spoil mound with ∼1 km radius and approximately 14 m height at the disposal centre. A large slump, 1.4 by 1.4 km in size, developed south of the spoil mound because of the failure of the dumped material. Tidal currents up to 60 cm s−1 were measured and can cause sediment mobilization over more than 50% of a tidal cycle. The total-load transport rate calculated using measured currents can reach 0.16 kg m−1 s−1. Superimposition of 1-year storm waves could enhance this by one to two orders of magnitude. Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling indicated that the maximum total transport rate for uniform fine sand at the disposal site can reach 0.024 kg m−1 s−1 under tide-only conditions, in the eastward direction during flooding and the westward direction during ebbing. The net transport averaged over a tidal cycle is relatively small (0.00027 to 0.0027 kg m−1 s−1) and to the southeast. The significant enhancement of sediment transport by storm waves clearly indicates that wave effects should be included in assessing the mobility of dredged material at ocean disposal sites. The majority of the disposed sediment was effectively dispersed by the wave-enhanced tidal transport; therefore the disposal site is deemed suitable for continued disposal of dredged material. Future disposals should be spread to a broader area to limit disposal mound build up.


My thesis examines the unique role of the community art educator, the practice of teaching art in community settings, and how these relate to the particular skills needed to succeed as an community art educator. This thesis interviews four community art educators and describes their reasons for choosing this career. The goal of this thesis is to develop a descriptive profile of the community art educator.


With the increased failure rate expected in future extreme scale supercomputers, process replication might become a viable alternative to check pointing. By default, the workload efficiency of replication is limited to 50% because of the additional resources that have to be used to execute the replicas of the application's processes. In this paper, we introduce intra-parallelization, a solution that avoids replicating all computation by introducing work-sharing between replicas. We show on a representative set of benchmarks that intra-parallelization allows achieving more than 50% efficiency without compromising fault tolerance.


Abstract This study aimed to examine the effect of motivation on work performance. A quantitative research was conducted with the participation of 188 employees working at Ziraat Bank of Bosnia-Herzegovina through a questionnaire consisting of demographic information form, performance, and motivation scales. The study concluded that gender, age, and duration of service in the current institution did not significantly affect performance and motivation. However, education level, marital status, income level, and total work experience made a significant difference in task performance, motivation, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation, respectively. Moreover, while a moderately positive relationship was found between task performance and intrinsic motivation, contextual performance was determined to be associated with intrinsic and extrinsic motivation moderately and weakly, respectively. On the other hand, work performance had a moderate positive relationship with job motivation. According to the result of regression analysis, job performance is affected positively by intrinsic and negatively by extrinsic motivation.


International Journal of Trends in Tourism Management (IJTITM) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (Annually) of articles in all areas of the subject. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published approximately one month after acceptance. All articles published in IJTITM will be peer-reviewed. The International Journal of Trends in Tourism Management will be published Quarterly by Academic Journals online. Types of paper Regular Articles: These should describe new and carefully confirmed findings, and experimental procedures should be given in sufficient detail for others to verify the work. The length of a full paper should be the minimum required to describe and interpret the work clearly. Short Communications: A Short Communication is suitable for recording the results of complete small investigations or giving details of new models or hypotheses, innovative methods, techniques or apparatus. The style of main sections need not conform to that of full-length papers. Short communications are 2 to 4 printed pages (about 6 to 12 manuscript pages) in length. Reviews: Submissions of reviews and perspectives covering topics of current interest are welcome and encouraged. Reviews should be concise and no longer than 4-6 printed pages (about 12 to 18 manuscript pages). Reviews manuscripts are also peer-reviewed The aim of IJTITM is to publish peer reviewed research and review articles in contemporary issues in the field of Tourism Management. This journal is an online journal having full access to the research and review paper. The journal also seeks clearly written survey and review articles from experts in the field, to promote insightful understanding of the state-of-the-art and trends. IJTITM aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of Tourism but not limited to the following Topics Frequency of Publication: Online-Monthly & Hard Copy-Bi-Annually Focus Area The aim of IJTITM is to publish peer reviewed research and review articles in contemporary issues in the field of Tourism Management. This journal is an online journal having full access to the research and review paper. The journal also seeks clearly written survey and review articles from experts in the field, to promote insightful understanding of the state-of-the-art and trends. IJTITM aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of Tourism Management but not limited to the following Topics Tourism and Travel Management Hospitality Management National Tourism Event Management Leisure and Recreation Studies Catering International Tourism House Keeping Restaurant Hotel Operations