The utility model relates to a luminous photovoltaic module, which belongs to solar energy power generation equipment and comprises a first EVA packaging film and a second EVA packaging film, whereinbatteries are packed between the first EVA packaging film and the second EVA packaging film. The outer side of the first EVA packaging film is provided with tempered glass, and the outer side of the second EVA packaging film is provided with a backing plate. Luminous powder is evenly packed between the backing plate and the second EVA packaging film. The luminous module can be used for generatingelectricity during the day, and the ornamental function can also be added as the luminous powder can give out corresponding fluorescence at night after absorbing sunlight during the day.


Physical-geographical, social and historical, economic and demographic factors are conditioning the territorial distribution of the population. Their analysis helps us understand why there are territorial disparities of population concentration, depopulation and migration phenomena. It can be seen that the former Saxon villages now have a less numerous population because of the migration, as well as the aging of population. In contrast, the villages located in the northern part of the unit have a larger population because there are few polarizing cities.


The longest common subsequence (LCS) problem is to find an LCS of two given sequences and the length of the LCS. In this paper, an efficient systolic algorithm for the LCS problem is derived. For two sequences of length m and n, where m ≥ n, the problem can be solved with only [n/2] processors in m + 2[n/2] − 1 time steps. Compared with other systolic algorithms that solve the LCS problem, our algorithm not only takes fewer time steps but also uses fewer processors. Our algorithm is better suited to implementation on multicomputers than other systolic algorithms.


In May 2008, South Africa experienced horrific xenophobic attacks on internationals, the likes of which have not been seen since the fall of the apartheid regime. Leviticus 19 will be viewed ideologically as a search for an appropriate way of relating to others, especially those who are deemed as different. Mary Douglas" ring composition will be the ideological methodology that will be utilized to propose a theology of transformation from an exegesis of the Hebrew text of Leviticus 19. The proposed theology of transformation will accentuate the interrelationship between spiritual and social transformation. The intended outcome of this research is simple: When will the church (universal) begin to reflect on issues preemptively instead of having to address injustices after the fact?


To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Chin and colleagues1 that summarizes their initial Canadian experience with robotic prostatectomy in 30 cases. The authors should be commended for their determination and perseverance despite limitations in resources and the early sporadic patient scheduling. Results presented indisputably demonstrate the feasibility of robotic prostatectomy in the Canadian health care system. However, as pointed out by the authors, these early results reflect the learning curve of a robotic novice team, which compares fairly with other centres. Results beyond this initial phase are anxiously awaited.

Thus far in Canada there are 2 da Vinci surgical systems in London, Ont., and 1 in Montreal, Que., at the Sacre Coeur Hospital. Last year, we established a joint venture between McGill University Health Centre and Sacre Coeur Hospital and developed the first robotic prostatectomy program in the province of Quebec. The initial start was hindered by many of the inherent difficulties of our health care system as described by Chin and colleagues. Our initial results will be presented at the Quebec Urological Association meeting in November 2007.

The development of a robotic prostatectomy program presents many challenges. In order to ensure success, there needs to be commitment from the institution and the department; a dedicated, motivated surgical team including trained surgeon, assistant, nurses, and anesthesiologist; frequent patient scheduling; and measurements of outcomes. The best training, in my mind, is fellowship training at a high-volume centre of excellence.

Robotic surgery as we know it today is expensive and offers few but not many advantages over conventional approaches. The current robotic system is bulky and not versatile enough. This is only the beginning. Computer-assisted surgery is undoubtedly going to evolve similarly to other fields in our information age. Training, rehearsing, integration of real-time and computed imaging, grafting of ancillary systems such a confocal microscopy, and lasers will all become possible on the next generation robots. It is unlikely that we will continue to operate with our limited human capacities, the same way we did for the last century, while machines can "see," "feel" and "discriminate" multiple times better than our eyes and fingertips as well as remain tirelessly reproducible and extremely precise. This will lead us from organ surgery, to tissue surgery and eventually to molecular surgery. Robotic prostatectomy represents one of the initial steps of this global momentum change in surgery. We need to embark wisely and embrace this technology, contribute to its development and remain critical, otherwise we will lag behind. In Canada, I think we still have the opportunity to conduct a prospective randomized study comparing open and robotic or laparosocpic prostatectomy.


A design radio frequency signal receiver to be mounted on a satellite (1), - In to be adjusted based on the reception frequency of the receiver to the frequency command (104), a radio frequency signal receiver includes apparatus (100) for frequency control of the receiver (1), - called passband filtering assembly, a band-pass filter type filtering assembly having a passband with an adjustable passband width you can take a value set (107), a representative of the input signal of the receiver the bandwidth of the first signal (S1), and the filtering assembly to be able to limit the passband of the filtering assembly (107), - the width of the passband of the filtering assembly, adjustment means to allow adjustment using filtering passband control and (108a, 108b), - a power acquisition means to allow a power measurement value of the first signal can be sent at the output of the filtering assembly (107) (111), Radio frequency signal receiver, characterized in that it further comprises a (1).


The indentation diameter measurement is the important issue for Brinell hardness test. The large dependence of optical system is found in the first world-wide international comparison for Brinell hardness, conducted in 2005. After the comparison, some studies was carried out especially for this issue. Finally, the definition regarding the Brinell indentation edge was studied. However, the practical guide for good measurement condition of Brinell indentation diameter by using measurement microscope is not detailed explained. In this paper, we present the cause of the numerical aperture dependence of Brinell indentation diameter and also present the practical guideline of the selection of objective lens used to the observation.


A novel cathode catalyst layer with discontinuous hydrophobicity gradient distribution is designed and fabricated for passive direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The stepwise hydrophobicity distribution is beneficial to the oxygen diffusion inside the cathodic catalytic layer and to the water removal from the cathode, thus improving the performance and stability of the DMFC. The DMFC with the above-mentioned novel cathodic catalytic layer structure presents a maximum power density of 33.5 mW cm–2 at a temperature of ca. 25 °C, while the DMFC with a conventional structure only gives 27.4 mW cm–2 under the same operating conditions. The enhanced performance of the DMFC with such a novel cathode structure might be attributed to a decreased charge-transfer resistance for the oxygen reduction reaction on the cathode.


Forms of extra-compressibility terms that result from use of Favre averaging of the turbulence transport equations for kinetic energy and dissipation are derived. These forms introduce three new modeling constants, a polytropic coefficient that defines the interrelationships of the pressure, density, and enthalpy fluctuations and two constants in the dissipation equation that account for the non-zero pressure-dilitation and mean pressure gradients.


This work presents a screen-printed LC resonant tank-based strain sensor. The resonant tank consists of a planar inductor and an interdigitated capacitor connected in parallel. The inductor was screen printed on flexible polyamide substrate and the capacitor is printed on the piezoelectric Poly-L-lactide (PLLA) nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. The resonant frequency of the tank is tuned for ~13.56 MHz. The inductors and capacitors were characterized using an impedance analyzer to evaluate the frequency characteristic of both. As the interdigitated capacitor is realized on a piezoelectric substrate the permittivity and hence the capacitance varies with the application of dynamic pressure. For the dynamic pressure, less than 2 kPa the sensitivity S1 is 8.55 kPa-1. The sensitivities in the range of 2-4 kPa-1 and 4-7 kPa-1 are calculated as S2 = 31.27 kPa-1 and S3 = 8.61 kPa-1 respectively. The fabricated flexible sensor shows the potential for wearable applications such as sub-bandage pressure monitoring while also exploiting the piezoelectric properties of PLLA to accelerate the wound healing through electrical stimulation.


Purpose To investigate the benefit of intralesional injections of 5FU for the treatment of recurrent pterygium

Methods Retrospective case note review of patients following surgical excision for pterygium identified 6 patients with recurrence treated with 0.1-0.2ml (2.5-5mg) of intralesional 5 FU post operatively. The time to recurrence, post recurrence injections, grade of pterygium pre and post treatment and time to regression were identified.

Results The study group consisted of 5 male and 1 female patients, affecting 6 right eyes. 3 patients developed primary recurrence. The other 3 patients had previous surgery with recurrence followed by further surgical excision and repeat recurrence. The average grade of recurrence was 3.5. All 6 patients showed regression of the fibrovascular tissue following intralesional 5FU injections with an average dose of 0.1-0.2 ml (2.5-5mg). 5 patients required 3 injections or less for regression, whilst one patient required 14 post recurrence 5FU injections. The average grade following regression was 1.7. This level of regression was maintained at an average of 9 months follow-up. No complications of 5FU were reported.

Conclusion The use of 5FU for the treatment of recurrent pterygium is safe and effective in limiting both progression and inducing regression of recurrent pterygium.


This volume publishes lectures from the 2015 and 2016 programmes, which were posted to the Journal in 2016. The subjects covered include: Islam and the Great War in the Middle East, economic impossibilities for our grandchildren, social class mobility, the philosopher Thomas Hobbes, 'no religion' as the new religion, Shakespeare, feminine poetics. Contributors to this volume - Helen Cooper, University of Cambridge Penelope Curtis, Calouste Gulbenkian Museum Anne Fuchs, University of Warwick John H. Goldthorpe, Nuffield College, Oxford Lorna Hutson, University of St Andrews Martin Jones, University of Cambridge Joep Leerssen, University of Amsterdam Sir Noel Malcolm, All Souls College, Oxford Colin Mayer, Said Business School, Oxford Kevin Hjortshoj O'Rourke, All Souls College, Oxford Eugene Rogan, St Antony's College, Oxford Linda Woodhead, Lancaster University


High intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) is a non-thermal food preservation technology which is able to stabilize foods microbiologically and enzymatically with minimal changes on their nutritional and sensorial properties. HIPEF equipment design is improved in order to achieve more efficient treatments. The flow processing as well as the pulse shape and the design of the treatment chambers are being the most studied parameters. Moreover, great efforts are being made in modelling microbial and enzymatic inactivation by HIPEF.


In this paper,the mechanism and modifying method of inorganic nano-particles modifying polystyrene are reviewed,and the fabrication method and properties of inorganic nano-particles/PS composite are described,the future trends are discussed in the end.


Non‐technical summary  Skeletal muscle comprises ∼40% of total body mass, and the control of muscle mass has significant effects on overall health. Skeletal muscle mass is determined by the balance of protein synthesis and degradation within muscle cells. We sought to determine which cellular proteins that control protein synthesis within muscle cells are associated with muscle growth after resistance exercise, a potent growth stimulus. We identified two proteins that were associated with muscle growth in humans: p70S6K and eIF2Bɛ. Follow up studies determined that eIF2Bɛ alone is sufficient to induce muscle growth. This is the first study to determine that this protein can induce skeletal muscle growth. These results further our understanding of how skeletal muscle responds to resistance exercise.


Abstract The article focuses on the intersections of the regulation of electronic identification as provided in the eIDAS Regulation and data protection rules in the European Union. The first part of the article is devoted to the explanation of the basic notions and framework related to the electronic identity in the European Union— the eIDAS Regulation. The second part of the article discusses specific intersections of the eIDAS Regulation with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), specifically scope, the general data protection clause and mainly personal data processing in the context of mutual recognition of electronic identification means. The article aims to discuss the overlapping issues of the regulation of the GDPR and the eIDAS Regulation and provides a further guide for interpretation and implementation of the outcomes in practice.


Many packages are available for the analysis of data from GC-MS and LC-MS experiments – typically, hardware vendors provide software that is optimized for the instrument and allow for a direct interaction of the lab scientist with the data. For high-throughput applications, however, more automatic pipelines are needed. Open-source alternatives such as xcms [1] not only are able to handle data from several different types of spectrometers, but can also be integrated easily in web interfaces [2], allowing large numbers of files to be processed simultaneously. Because of the generality of packages like xcms, several other packages have been written to tweak the functionality of xcms for optimal performance in a particular context. Package metaMS does so for the field of untargeted metabolomics; this vignette focuses on the analysis of GC-MS data. In comparison with the usual xcms pipeline several changes have been implemented, the most important of which are:


(R)-(−) Benzoin oxime 2 was catalytically tritiated to afford [2-3H] (1R,2S)-(−)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethanol 1 in 92% ee. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Purpose Emerging markets present strategists with a unique set of challenges that result from a business environment that is quite different from that which characterises developed markets. Yet, little is known about marketing's contribution to successful strategic decision-making in emerging markets. Thus, this paper examines the usage of conventional strategic marketing practice, as it relates to developed markets, within groups of higher- and lower- performing manufacturers in the emerging market of India; comparing it against that of their counterparts in the developed market of the United States. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on separate web-hosted questionnaire surveys conducted in India and the United States, yielding samples of 71 and 84 self-reported manufacturing companies, respectively. Data analyses were conducted using independent sample t-tests and logistic multiple regression and sought to compare and contrast successful strategic marketing decision-making in each country. ...


This paper concerns the direct measurement of wavenumber-frequency spectra beneath a two-dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer. The main contribution of this work is the proposed setup that should help achieving a compromise between a small sensor diameter (to avoid spatial averaging) and small sensor spacing (to gain high spatial resolution). The effect of different pinhole sizes on quarter inch microphones is first studied using an acoustical coupler to perform relative calibrations. Single-point measurements of wall pressure fluctuations in a wind-tunnel confirm that a 0.5 mm pinhole quarter inch microphone correctly captures wall pressure statistics up to a frequency of 5 kHz. Under the assumption of stationnary pressure fields, it is then suggested how rotative Archimedean spirals mainly composed of pinhole microphones can provide a uniform coverage of pressure measurements on a disc, or high resolution measurements in selected directions. Using 57 of these pinhole pressure sensors, a probe microphone as a central sensor reference and 3 Knowles pressure sensor, one of the suggested designs of spiral-shaped rotative arrays was instrumented. Measurements have been performed at low Mach numbers (M < 0:1) in a closed-loop wind-tunnel, with the array flush mounted on a side of the wind tunnel. The TBL is characterized with velocity measurements, and 2D wavenumber spectra of the wall pressure fluctuations are obtained which reveal the convective peak at low frequencies. Even preliminary and still contaminated by a strong background noise, these first results indicate that the experimental setup behaves as expected but needs additional refinements. The next steps of this on-going work are finally detailed.


The traffic of Hu Yi Highway(S6-ye Cheng road) has been rising rapidly over the years,with the implementation of Jiamin elevated road and Jiading New City,Hu Yi Highway is rebuilt to meet the increasing traffic demand.The rebuilding project should consider the function of road,traffic organization,land development of both sides of the road,feasibility of engineering technology,and coordination of relevant aspects of the project.This paper introduced Huyi Road rebuilding scale,technology standards' s selection,old pavement reconstruction design scheme,and road cross section.


On the 22nd of May, 2009 professor Milan Sojka, the external co-operator of the Department of Monetary Theory and Policy, died. He had been the head of the Department of the Institutional Economics at the Institute of Economic Sciences of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Charles University and the head of the Institute of Economics at the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno. He was one of the most significant contemporary theoreticians and historians in the field of the history of economic theories. He was a well known specialist in the area of the contemporary development of economic theory. He helped very significantly to describe the main streams in economic theory and published many excellent works, which are highly appreciated by his contemporaries and which will be very important for the next generations of economists. He will never be forgotten.


Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSG), as an effective mean to improve the frequency and voltage regulation ability of the photovoltaic (PV) power generation, had aroused wide concern. Different PV-VSG control structures had been conducted in existing researches. One significant distinction between various VSG control structures was whether voltage close loop control (VCLC) was contained in VSG control system or not. To study the impact of VCLC on PV-VSG stability, this paper developed the small-signal models of PV VSGs with and without VCLC. The oscillation modes of both VSGs were calculated based on the developed models, which were applied to investigate the influence from VCLC on VSG damping characteristics as well. On the basis of that, the impact of VCLC on the adaptation and frequency regulation ability of VSG were analyzed. The results indicated that if PV VSG was connected to a low voltage or a weak power grid, the implementing of VCLC was benefit for the oscillation modal characteristics of PV VSG.


Figure 1. Tenofovir-induced osteomalacia. Plain radiographs of pelvis (A) and both knees (B) antero-posterior view showing insufficiency fractures involving left ilium and bilateral proximal fibulas (arrows). 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate Whole Body Scintigram, anterior (left panel) and posterior (right panel) views (C) revealed multiple foci of increased tracer uptake involving epiphyseal ends of head of bilateral humerii, multiple ribs, proximal shaft of left femur and bilateral tibia, distal ends of bilateral femur, proximal and distal ends of bilateral tibia, and dorsal bones of bilateral feet.


This paper systematically analyzes the economic situation in western China from multiple aspects and discusses the economic development of the west in terms of total output value of production,industrial stucture(primary industry,industry,mining industry,energy,tertiary industries,etc.) and eco-environment.


By the access to domestic and foreign literature, overview the statistical analysis method in the study of the urban poor medical aid applications in order to identify the difficulties in practical application and point out the attention for similar researches and system analysis relates topics to provide a reference.


A mathematical model of the process of mixing in the twin-shaft paddle mixer based on the statistical analysis of experimental data has been developed. The design of the mixer-granulator optimizing the process of mixing of bulk and liquid components of different granulometric composition and physico-mechanical properties of before granulation has been offered.


Microwave characteristics of the system Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3-BaZrO3 were investigated. Ba(Zn,Ta)O3 has a perovskite pseudocell and hexagonal superstructure; the superstructure was not formed after addition of BaZrO3. Both sintering and crystallization of Ba(Zn,Ta)O3-BaZrO3 were accelerated compared to those of Ba(Zn,Ta)O3 alone, and the microwave Q value was also improved. The material optimized for the dielectric resonator, Ba(Ni,Ta)O3-Ba(Zr,Zn,Ta)O3, has a dielectric constant of 30, Q value of 10000 at 10 GHz, and temperature coeficient of resonant frequency of 0 ppm/°C.


In order to understand the characteristics and relationships between indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) during the heating period of 2014 in Beijing, the investigation of PM_(2.5) and associated species including organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC), water soluble ions, metal elements and trace organic matter (OM) were undertaken at a residential apartment. The average PM_(2.5) concentration was 55.2 ± 47.3 μg m^(-3) for indoor and 100.4 ± 82.1 μg m^(-3) for outdoor, and the indoor PM_(2.5) was found to be mainly from outdoors. OM and (NH_4)_2SO_4 were the dominated components of PM_(2.5), accounted for 71.5% in indoor PM_(2.5) and 52.4% in outdoor PM_(2.5), followed by fine soil and NH_4NO_3 (23.7% and 27.9%). The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration was 187.3 ng m^(-3) and 387.0 ng m^(-3), and the phthalic acid esters (PAEs) concentration reached 1054.2 ng m^(-3) and 515.3 ng m^(-3), for indoor and outdoor, respectively. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) only existed indoors (5.5 ng m^(-3)). HCB and most PAEs in indoor PM_(2.5) were dominated by indoor sources whereas other species were greatly influenced by outdoor sources especially during the pollution period.


In this article the authors explore the origins, reasons and determine the chronological framework of the emergence of private ownership of pastures among the nomadic Kazakhs. Having studied archival sources, the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, testimonies of contemporaries and research of scientists, the authors conclude that these processes refer to the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th centuries. The issues of land use and land ownership among the Kazakhs who were engaged in nomadic cattle-breeding were and remain topical, since this problem is caused by the special role of land in nomadic society. Despite the polemics which have started in the 30's of the last century, up to the middle 50's of the XX century there was no unified opinion among scientists on the question of the nature, forms and the right of feudal property in Kazakhstan. The Soviet historiography was dominated by two opposite opinions: the first – since the times of the Karakhanid state (XI century) in Kazakhstan existed the right of feudal land ownership (S.V. Yushkov, S.Z. Zimanov, A.E. Erenov and others). The second point of view – in conditions of nomadic cattle breeding the basic means of manufacture was and remained the cattle, instead of land..., not possession of the land, but possession of cattle was a defining factor of exploitation (V.F. Shakhmatov, S.E. Tolybekov and others). One or the other position dominated at different periods in history, but scientists did not come to a consensus and the question remained unresolved in the historical literature. Communal land use existed in Russia until the beginning of capitalism, but this does not mean that there was no private land ownership. In some Asian countries, communal land tenure coexisted in parallel with state ownership. There is no doubt that in the Steppe the main form of land use was communal land use (aul or clan), but the presence of communal land use does not negate the existence of private feudal property.


The normally monomeric 01 subunit of Escherichia coti tryptophan synthetase forms dimers and higher order aggregates following exposure to high urea concentrations and removal of the urea by dialysis. The maximum yield of cx chain dimers is approximately 2%. Dimers of certain combinations of different enzymatically inactive mutant (Y monomers exhibit the missing enzymatic activity. In such heterologous dimers, the reconstituted active site has at least 50% of the activity of the active site of the native wild type 01 monomer. a! chain dimers form an enzymatically active complex with the tryptophan synthetase & subunit. However, an (Y chain dimer can bind only a single /32 molecule. The cx chain dimer dissociates into CY monomers when heated at 51". A tentative model of the structure of an 01 chain dimer is presented.


The present article is based on formulating improvement strategies in the infrastructure of "Puerto de Barranquilla" to take advantage of opportunities that generate a positive impact on the competitiveness of Colombia, the research design was of a transversal nature, where the descriptive method was applied. the biometric review related to the subject addressed, the research technique used was analytical, under the type of qualitative research, with the results it was possible to show a great failure in the port infrastructure of the port, fact that led to design sustainable strategies for improvement of the infrastructure of the port of Barranquilla and in this way to detect the opportunities that allow generating a positive impact on the competitiveness of Colombia. Finally, with this analysis of this study, it was possible to know the different shortcomings of the port of Barranquilla in terms of its infrastructure, but at the same time strategies that contribute to the economic, social and sustainable development of the port can be used.


This letter proposes a remote sensing (RS) image registration method based on adjustable threshold and variational mixture transformation (VMT). The main contributions of our method are: 1) an adjustable threshold strategy proposed to guarantee sufficient inlier pairs for image spatial transformation and 2) a VMT, which achieves a coarse-to-fine process, consisting of three main steps as follows: a) a rigid transformation is employed to achieve approximate correspondence; b) a guided Gaussian mixture model is proposed to better distinguish outliers; and c) a nonrigid transformation is applied to achieve an accurate registration. We test the performance of our algorithm in feature matching and RS image registration and compare it with the six state-of-the-art methods. Our method shows the best performances in most scenarios.


Objective To investigate the effects of preserved amniotic membrane transplantation for severe ocular alkali burn at early stage. Methods 22 patients (22 eyes) who had severe alkali burn were treated with amniotic membrane transplantation. All patients were followed-up for 3 -12 months. Results Ocular inflammation was controlled in 7 days after surgery. There were corneal macula in 14 eyes and corneal transparency in 4 eyes, toal opacity in 4 eyes. All eye balls were saved. Symblepharon occurred in 2 eyes. Conclusion The transplantation of preserved amniotic membrane in a valuable method for the treatment of early severe ocular alkali burn.


This paper examines the status of empirical research on the use of curriculum modifications and instructional accommodations for students with all types of disabilities. Conclusions and implications are provided for improving the quality of education and access to the general curriculum for students with autism. The initial intention of this literature review was to investigate curriculum modifications and instructional accommodations for students with autism. However, the bulk of information in this specific area includes discussion of policy analysis and legal interpretations of the law in the form of briefs and critiques (Browder, Wakeman, & Floweres, 2006; Hitchcock, Meyer, Rose, & Jackson, 2002; Karger & Hitchcock, 2003; Smith, 2006). Empirical research on the use of curriculum modifications and instructional accommodations by teachers in general education classrooms for students with autism is also limited. As a result of the scarcity of such studies, the current literature review was expanded to include peer-reviewed empirical research on the use of curriculum modifications and instructional accommodations for students with all types of disability in order to determine what is being done in the field of public education. The research question addressed in this paper is: What is the status of empirical research in the field of public education on the use of curriculum modifications and instructional accommodations for students with all types of disabilities? To answer the research question, this paper is organized as follows: (a) method, (b) literature review, (c) results, and (d) conclusion and implications. Method The method for the current literature review consisted of the following steps. First, I examined dissertations by reviewing Proquest Dissertation Abstracts International to find out what has been researched regarding accommodations and students with autism. Then, I looked at various key terms, such as accommodations, adaptations, inclusion, autism strategies, and students with autism in various electronic databases. Then, I searched for research studies on access to the general curriculum for students with disabilities. The next section reports on studies I have identified thus far in my search to answer the research question for this paper. Literature Review The literature review identifies five research studies that explore the general curriculum access, which means access to the educational standards within the school district that are applicable to all students (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [IDEA], 2004). These studies are concerned with the meaning and degree of access to the general curriculum for students with disabilities and types of modifications and accommodations offered students with disabilities at the school and school district level. First, research on the definition of access to the general curriculum was conducted by Dymond, Renzaglia, Gilson, and Slagor (2007). Dymond and colleagues conducted a mixed methods study in an urban school in a small mid-western state. They interviewed 20 general education social studies/science teachers and 15 special education teachers to explore their definitions of access to the general curriculum. General education social studies/science teachers


Let d be a Germain, conditionally t-minimal vector. A central problem in real Galois theory is the characterization of commutative, Gauss subsets. We show that


Most pikas of the genus Ochotona have clear cytogenetic differentiations; therefore, karyotype characteristics offer good diagnostic features in this group. The northern pika O. hyperborea is one of the most widely distributed pika species in the Russian Far East. Cytogenetic data on pikas from new localities from the Amur River Basin were obtained for elaborating on the species' identification. Chromosome staining showed that pikas from the Bastak Nature Reserve (Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia) differ from the previously studied O. hyperborea. In addition, chromosome morphology for O. hyperborea from the Bastak Nature Reserve and from the Soktahan Range in the Amur Region (Russia) was found to be slightly different. The variation found in the C-stained chromosomes can be explained by the geographic reasons. The Manchurian pika O. mantchurica from the right bank of the Shilka River (Zabaikalskiy Territory, Russia) had diploid number of chromosomes 2n=39. This is an X0 karyotype variant with a single X chromosome that has been found in Ochotonidae for the first time.


Long‐term residence in a microgravity environment induces muscle atrophy, which leads to reduction in aerobic fitness and muscle strength. We tested the efficacy of a new flywheel‐based exercise trainer, the YoYo, on a group of young sedentary subjects (16 men, 16 women). Subjects were assigned to either resistance‐only (RE) or combined aerobic/resistance (AE/RE) cohort for 5 weeks of training. RE training consisted of 11 sessions of horizontal squats, and AE training of 15 sessions of high‐intensity interval rowing. Aerobic capacity (determined by graded ergometry) improved by 8% in the AE/RE cohort, but diminished by 7% in the RE cohort. Both cohorts showed higher maximal knee extensor torque (assessed by dynamometry) at all isokinetic concentric (30–300°/s) and eccentric speeds (30,120°/s), and in isometric contraction. Legpress performance increased by 28% in RE and 21% in AE/RE cohorts. Physiologic improvements in muscle strength were matched by morphologic changes. Cross‐sectional area of the quadriceps femoris (from MRI scans) increased by 9% in men and 13% in women. Similarly, mean mixed fibre cross‐sectional area (from a vastus lateralis biopsy) increased by 10% in both men and women.


Studies on the resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS) spectra of the ion-association complexes of [MoO(SCN)5]2-were carried out with the Brilliant Cresyl Blue(BCB) in the presence of PVA-124.The spectral characteristics,the effect factors and the optimum reaction conditions have been investigated.The quantitative relation between the intensity of RRS and the concentration of molybdenum was established.Due to the increased intensity of RRS with the formation of 2[Mo(SCN)5],a new method of determination of molybdenum was established.The enhanced intensity of RRS was directly proportional to the concentration of Mo(Ⅵ) in the range of 0~1.2 μg/25mL with the detection limit of 1.7 μg/L.The method was applied to determination of molybdenum(Ⅵ) in steel with satisfactory results.


This paper is the second of a series dealing with determinations at the National Physical Laboratory of fixed points on the scale of high pressures. It gives the results of an accurate investigation of the vapour pressure of pure carbon dioxide at the temperature (0.0100°c) of the triple point of water, measured by direct reference to the Laboratory's standard pressure balances. This quantity has been widely used as a reference pressure for the local calibration of pressure balances. The value obtained is 3.485 64 MN m-2 with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.000 12 MN m-2. This result is compared with those of several previous investigations and the possible cause of discrepancies are discussed.


Abstract : Burma (Myanmar) is in the midst of an exceptional transition from rule by dictatorship to becoming a more democratic state. The biggest threats to this transition are the ethnic insurgencies that have existed since the countrys independence. The United States has increased engagement with Burma but if the administration chooses to deepen relations to facilitate this transition, Burmas military, the countrys most powerful political actor, must be the central target in order to deal with the insurgency problem. Such engagement would likely take the form of a military-to-military security cooperation campaign, and this study surveys the limitations of making strategy for these campaigns and then proposes a methodology for accomplishing this. Current guidance drives rigid end states and the removal of strategy from a deep knowledge of the environment, and therefore a better way to conceive strategy for a security cooperation campaign is to envision, through analysis, a better state of affairs. To achieve this better state, the strategist must understand the context and then apply theory that then results in the creation of strategic goals. Applying this methodology to the Burma case, this paper finds that there are two applicable theories: democratization and counterinsurgency. These theories, along with the contextual elements, generate two main strategic categories with five nested strategic goals. First, the strategy should aim to secure the population, using efforts to halt abuses of ethnic groups and provide physical security for the population. Second, the strategy should strive to connect the government to the ethnic populations, using efforts to stabilize ethnic areas, address the populations needs in these areas, and enhance the governments legitimacy and control at the same time.


In recent years, immunotherapy has become an important treatment alternative in the treatment of many cancers. Research on immunotherapy in prostate cancer has been accelerated by obtaining Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of sipuleucel-T for asymptomatic or minimal symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite all these developments, the patients in whom these agents should be used, sequential use and combination strategies remain unclear. In this review, mechanisms of action and survival outcomes of different immunotherapeutic agents and therapeutic cancer vaccines in mCRPC are discussed.


The inability to conclude the DDA negotiations bas spawned a proliferation of bilateral FTAs across the world. While East Asia is a relative newcomer...


This paper presents a new multicast protection technique for optical WDM mesh networks based on a novel Steiner tree algorithm. The new technique has lower blocking probability and cost, compared to conventional protection methods.


Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) helps in early detection and diagnosis of diabetes. Case Based Reasoning (CBR)-based CDSS is the applicable technique for these ill formed problems. Building CBR case-base is the most critical challenge. Electronic health record (EHR) is the complete source of cases for CBR. However, mapping EHR into case-base is challenge. This paper proposes a standard relational data model for diabetes diagnosis based on HL7 REVI, EHR and SNOMED CT. This data model will work as an operational data store to extract diabetes specific data elements from EHR, standardize its structure using REVI, standardize its data fields using diabetes diagnosis common data elements, standardize its contents using a standard terminology (SNOMED CT), and organize data in the form of problem-solution form to be suitable for case-base format. This case-base will be used as a knowledge base for a diabetes diagnosis CBR system.


The S-layer protein of Acetogenium kivui was subjected to proteolysis with different proteases and several high molecular mass glycosaminoglycan peptides containing glucose, galactosamine and an unidentified sugar-related component were separated by molecular sieve chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC and subjected to N-terminal sequence analysis. By methylation analysis glucose was found to be uniformly 1,6-linked, whereas galactosamine was exclusively 1,4-linked. Hydrazinolysis and subsequent amino-acid analysis as well as two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that in these peptides carbohydrate was covalently linked to tyrosine. As all of the four Tyr-glycosylation sites were found to be preceded by valine, a new recognition sequence for glycosylation is suggested.


The present study addresses the recent cultural and intellectual movement that works to adopt the Western "hermeneutics" methodolo gy and apply it to the Noble Qur'an and Islamic religious texts in general, with comple te indifference to the established principles of tafsīr (exegesis), rules of interpretation and related P rophetic clarification from the authenticated Sunnah. It also shows how this moveme nt turns a blind eye to the accumulated experience of Islamic civilisation, based on the cl aim that the Islamic heritage has been patriarchal and chauvinistic against women. It furt her brings to light the fact that this movement consists of a number of academics educated in Western paradigms, but almost entirely lacking in authentic training in Islamic c ulture and religious sciences. Then it discusses the negative consequences of this movemen t for Muslim societies in terms of their connection with their civilisational heritage, and for the Arabic language, in that it poses a threat to the soundness of the Arab tongue. After t his, it outlines the origins of hermeneutics and its development until its present form, as well as its highly subjective and biased approach to Arab and Islamic heritage. It concludes by discu ssing the requirements of constructing an Islamic hermeneutics that is approp riate to our heritage, language and unique historical experience.


Membrane reactors have found utility in a broad range of applications including biochemical, chemical, environmental, and petrochemical systems. The variety of membrane separation processes, the novel characteristics of membrane structures, and the geometrical advantages offered by the membrane modules have been employed to enhance and assist reaction schemes to attain higher performance levels compared to conventional approaches. In these, membranes perform a wide variety of functions, often more than one function in a given context. An understanding of these various membrane functions will be quite useful in future development and commercialization of membrane reactors. This overview develops a functional perspective for membranes in a variety of reaction processes. Various functions of the membranes in a reactor can be categorized according to the essential role of the membranes. They can be employed to introduce/separate/purify reactant(s) and products, to provide the surface for reactions, to provide...


This essay investigates the trade mark doctrine for parallel importation of repackaged pharmaceuticals established in community law, and how this doctrine is applied in Swedish courts. Initially the author generally describes parallel imports and the pharmaceutical market before investigating the establishment of the doctrine and its meaning.

The ECJ have established that whilst the treaty does not affect the existence of intellectual property rights, the exercise of those rights may nevertheless constitute restrictions of the free movement of goods and can thus be restricted by the prohibitions contained in the treaty. Derogations from the fundamental principle of free movement of goods are justified only to the extent to which such exceptions are motivated for the purpose of safeguarding the rights which constitute the specific subject-matter of that property. For trade mark rights all uses of the trade mark that could distort the guarantee of origin falls within the specific subject-matter and can thus be prevented by means of trade mark law.

All repackaging of pharmaceuticals could in principle distort the guarantee of origin, and could hence be hindered. The doctrine of repackaging however constitutes an exception in which such prevention is unjustified under certain circumstances. The trade mark owner may not oppose the further marketing of a repackaged pharmaceutical product if:

- It is established that the reliance on trade mark rights by the owner in order to oppose the marketing of repackaged products under that trade mark would contribute to the artificial partitioning of the markets between Member States.
- It is shown that the repackaging cannot affect the original condition of the product inside the packaging.
- It is clearly stated on the new packaging who repackaged the product and the name of the manufacturer.
- The presentation of the repackaged product is not such as to be liable to damage the reputation of the trade mark and of its owner.
- The importer gives notice to the trade mark owner before the repackaged product is put on sale, and, on demand, supplies him with a specimen of the repackaged product.

The burden of proof that these circumstances are fulfilled lies mainly on the parallel importer. If they are not met every use of the trade mark constitutes an infringement of the trade mark right.

The doctrine of repackaging has been applied by Swedish courts only in a couple cases. From the cases that are published it seems like Swedish courts have difficulties understanding the functioning of parallel importation and the doctrine, and they tend to take on a too strict stance toward the importer.


Most geographic applications systems designed to solve real problems implicitly have dual objectives: not only must they provide good solutions, but they must also communicate with their users. The former is well appreciated, but technical prowess will be for nought if the people with the actual problem are unable to establish to the system the problem's parameters and readily understand model results. Unfortunately, these objectives are sometimes at cross purposes, and compromises must be made in system design which will do the least damage to both. We discuss here some of the design aspects of the Mobilization Automated Control System (MASS) that illustrate the nature of these compromises, and our experiences with users that have influenced our choices. This discussion will center on three dichotomies in system design: optimality vs. practicality; flexibility vs. rigidity; and visual vs. verbal communication. Our experience should show why these approaches are in tension and the advantages of each, and that many design questions can be places on these dimensions. 5 refs., 2 figs.


Source term presented in TID-14844 and Regulatory Guide 1.4 has been used to estimate radiation dose from design basis accidents. However, a more realistic and physically-based source term, alternate source term, has been developed and presented in NUREG-1465 and Regulatory Guide 1.183. In addition, the concept and criteria of radiological dose estimation has been changed through the serial publications of ICRP-9, 26, and 60. In ICRP-60, ICRP introduced effective dose concept in stead of dose concept based on critical organ and whole body since the publication of ICRP-9. Korean regulatory authority is planning to issue the new regulation to adopt the alternate source term and the effective dose concept to radiation dose analysis for design basis accidents. As a measure for the issuance of the new regulation, the application methodology of alternate source term and effective dose for design basis accidents was established and merged to the computer program called DBADOSE. This program was verified in accordance with the verification procedure. The result of calculation by DBADOSE showed small difference of less than 5% in comparison with the result of STARDOSE which was developed by Polestar Applied Technology, Inc. Kori Units 3,4 was selected as a pilot plant to applymore » the alternate source term and the effective dose. The margins to licensing criteria were reanalyzed for design basis accidents. As a result of this application, it was assured that current design of Kori Units 3,4 has enough margins and design simplification were proposed. (authors)« less


A dilemma game is presented to study the crossing conflicts at unsignalized intersection. Each driver has two possible strategies: cooperation (driver who respects the right-hand priority rule) or defection (driver who crosses quickly or aggressively the intersection without any caution). A evolutionary dilemma game is played when two drivers (left and right drivers) attempt to cross simultaneously the intersection. In this game, the left driver has a trade-off between crossing the intersection safely and doing it quickly. In addition, each driver, within a distance [Formula: see text] from the intersection, may be able to change his strategy, at time [Formula: see text], by imitating the driver in front of him and who got through the crossroad at time [Formula: see text]. We study the outcomes of these behavior strategies and their impacts on the traffic capacity of the system. An analysis of these results shows that the strategies adopted by drivers at unsignalized intersection are intrinsically linked to the occurrence of collisions between left and right drivers and can have subconscious effects on their decisions making. The traffic flow capacity is computed using computer simulations for various values of the system parameters and we found that it is extremely dependent on the decisions of drivers crossing the intersection.


The process-based XBeach model has numerous empirical parameters because of insufficient understanding of hydrodynamics and sediment transport on the nearshore; hence, it is necessary to calibrate parameters to apply to various study areas and wave conditions. Therefore, the calibration process of parameters is essential for the improvement of model performance. Generally, the trial-and-error method is widely used; however, this method is passive and limited to various and comprehensive parameter ranges. In this study, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method was used to estimate the optimal range of three parameters (gamma, facua, and gamma2) using morphological field data collected in Maengbang beach during the four typhoons that struck from September to October 2019. The model performance and optimal range of empirical parameters were evaluated using Brier Skill Score (BSS) along with the baseline profiles, sensitivity, and likelihood density analysis of BSS in the GLUE tools. Accordingly, the optimal parameter combinations were derived when facua was less than 0.15 and simulated well the shifting shape, from crescentic sand bar to alongshore uniform sand bars in the surf zone of Maengbang beach after storm impact. However, the erosion and accretion patterns nearby in the surf zone and shoreline remain challenges in the XBeach model.


Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been used as electrochemical energy storage devices in various fields, ranging from mobile phones to electric vehicles. LIBs are composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a binder. Among them, electrolytes consist of organic solvents and lithium ion conducting salts. The electrolytes used in LIBs are mostly linear and cyclic alkyl carbonates. These electrolytes are usually based on their combinations to allow the use of Li as the anodic active component, resulting in the high power and energy density of batteries. However, these organic electrolytes have high volatility and flammability that pose a serious safety issue when exposed to extreme conditions such as elevated temperatures. At that time, these electrolytes can react with active electrode materials and release a considerable amount of heat and gas. In this study, a simultaneous thermal analysis-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on six different organic solvents to examine the effect of water on hydrogen fluoride (HF) generation temperature in the electrolyte of a LIB. The electrolytes used in the experiment were anhydrous diethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, ethylene carbonate, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran, each containing LiPF6. The HF formation temperature was observed and compared with that when water entered the electrolyte exposed to high-temperature conditions such as fire.


Chronologically, Indonesia moved rather quickly from rupture of the authoritarian regime in May 1998 to the installation of a democratically elected government in October 1999. However, the suddenness of the rupture and the weakness of the anti‐regime forces enabled regime defenders to wield broad influence over the terms of the transition and to protect substantial authoritarian enclaves. These conditions suggest that Indonesia's transition remains far from complete and is likely to be protracted. Viewed more broadly, they call attention to a set of factors that suggest a typology of pacted and protracted transitions: the presence or absence of an opportunity to negotiate a transition pact among competing elites, and the relative degree of consensus among those elites regarding the nature and direction of political reform. This typology highlights features of the Mexican and Indonesian cases that mark them as variants on the protracted transition model rather than unrelated paths toward democracy.


Abstract Los Arcos, A, Yanci, J, Mendiguchia, J, and Gorostiaga, EM. Rating of muscular and respiratory perceived exertion in professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3285–3293, 2014—This study investigated, in male professional players: (a) fluctuations in rating of local-muscular (sRPEmus) and central-respiratory (sRPEres) perceived exertion measured after the completion of each training and competitive session, over a 9-week competitive period and (b) the influence of quantitative assessment of different training and competition modes on changes in physical performance. sRPEres, sRPEmus, and heart rate were measured in 21 players in 847 individual training and competitive sessions. Training load was calculated by multiplying sRPEmus or sRPEres by the duration of the training or competition sessions. A test battery (vertical jump, sprint, and endurance running) was performed before and after the studied period. At the end of official matches, average sRPEmus was higher (7.4 ± 0.6; p ⩽ 0.05) than sRPEres (6.4 ± 1.3). Significant negative correlations were observed between the values of total training and competition time (r = −0.62; p < 0.01) or total added sRPEmus (r = −0.59; p ⩽ 0.05), and vertical jump or sprint running velocity changes, respectively. This suggests that sRPEmus should be considered the main fatigue rating during a soccer match. Training and competition volume may have negative effects on the muscle power performance gains of the legs.


Fine root is one of major component of plants,regulating balance of carbon in ecosystem.The effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 in atmosphere on fine roots is becoming an important topic in study of background of global change.Because of this,this paper reviews influences of elevated atmosphere CO2 on fine roots in the past years.In generally,(1) the effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 on dynamics of fine root growth;(2) the effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 on physiological characters of fine root;(3) the effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 on the fine root components,exudates and mycorrhiza.Because the growth of fine roots is influenced by multi-factors,the studying results are of very diverse.Besides,there also are some shortcomings in experimental technology and methodology that are being applied at present. Therefore,how to study the effects of elevated atmosphere CO2 on fine roots in the undisturbed conditions is still a big challenge that needs to be tackled by researchers who are concerning about belowground ecological processes.


A polarimetric model for the power delay spectrum for inroom communication is proposed. The proposed model describes the gradual depolarization of the signal with delay. The model is based on the theory of room electromagnetics, specifically the mirror source approach, which is straightforwardly generalized to the polarimetric case. Compared to the previously known unipolarized room electromagnetic models, which are contained as a special case, the new model holds one additional parameter describing the polarization leakage per wall bounce. The proposed model is found to fit well to two sets of polarimetric data one mm-wave and one cm-wave measurements.


Pyrolysis is a process that runs in an oxygen-free environment and at the same time a thermochemical decomposition occurs. This process can be used for sound treatment of End-Of-Life tires (EOLT) – one of the most dangerous wastes in the world. Temperature of pyrolysis process is a determining parameter for both the flow rate of the process and the resulting products. This requires the construction of an automated heating process management system that facilitates operation, increases safety and reduces the need for a permanent operator presence on the site. An automated management system for a pyrolysis station with three cameras used for EOLT treatment is presented in this paper.


A steam generator sludge lancing system with a flexible inter-tube lance is provided to improve maintenance and repair by preventing errors of servo motors through installation of the motors outside a steam generator. A steam generator sludge lancing system includes a rail guide(500), a T-rail(700), a flexible inter-tube lance(900), and a lance head. The rail guide mounts a driving unit support flange(301) and a rail guide support flange(302) on a hand hole without a fixing bar in a center and is installed inside a steam generator through the driving support flange. The T-rail is installed through a groove of the rail guide, has a high flow rate barrel spray nozzle, and is rotatable to be twisted. The lance is bent at an angle of 90 degrees by a bending guide coupled to an end of the T-rail by being inserted into the T-rail. The lance head has nozzle tips with various injection angles and is coupled to an end of the flexible inter-tube lance.


We investigate how to enhance answer precision in frequently asked questions posed by distributed users using cloud-based Large Language Models (LLMs). Our study focuses on a typical situations where users ask similar queries that involve identical mathematical reasoning steps and problem-solving procedures. Due to the unsatisfactory accuracy of LLMs' zero-shot prompting with standalone questions, we propose to improve the distributed synonymous questions using Self-Consistency (SC) and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) techniques. Specifically, we first retrieve synonymous questions from a crowd-sourced database and create a federated question pool. We call these federated synonymous questions with the same or different parameters SP-questions or DP-questions, respectively. We refer to our methods as Fed-SP-SC and Fed-DP-CoT, which can generate significantly more accurate answers for all user queries without requiring sophisticated model-tuning. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed methods can significantly enhance question accuracy by fully exploring the synonymous nature of the questions and the consistency of the answers.


This paper is concerned with initial bar tensions in pin-jointed statically indeterminate assemblies, for example the grid shown in Fig. 1. Initial tensions are present in such assemblies on account of the lack-of-fit of the constituent bars and joints due to unavoidable inaccuracies in manufacture: and they may contribute to premature collapse of an assembly under increasing load, by predisposing particular bars to early failure by buckling. An algorithm for computing initial stresses due to given lack-of-fit is used to make statistical estimates of the magnitudes of initial bar tensions in a grid assembled from bars whose lengths are specified in the form of a mean and standard deviation. A scheme for computing the attenuation of these initial bar tensions by allowing for a limited amount of "backlash" at the bar-joint connections is also investigated. The theoretical and computational work is supported by a series of detailed experiments on a double-layer space grid of the type shown in Fig. 1, and built from standard MERO spherical bolted junctions: these experiments involve the measurement of initial bar tensions both with and without some deliberate loosening of bolts to produce limited "backlash" at the joints.


Abstract The modal ranges of the 0.3–2 MeV H+ and 0.7–2 MeV H+ 2 ions in silicon and germanium have been determined by measuring with profilometers the depth of the craters arising in consequence of the exfoliative effect of the implanted hydrogen gas. The modal ranges deduced agree with those obtained from Monte Carlo calculations using the tabulated data for electronic stopping. The average ranges of the components of the H+ 2 molecule are within 5 % the same as equivalent proton ranges.


ABSTRACT Do students make their best effort in large-scale assessment studies such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)? Despite six cycles of PISA surveys from 2000 to 2015, empirical studies regarding students' test motivation and experience of the tests are sparse. The present study examines students' test motivation in PISA, and how closely students' achievement correlates with students' reported test motivation. A total of 40 students from eight schools that participated in the PISA study in 2006, 2009 and 2012 were interviewed. In addition, questionnaire data from a total of 9400 students who participated in PISA 2009 and 2012 were collected. The findings of this study indicate that students overall were motivated to do their best in the PISA study, despite the fact that these low-stakes tests have no impact on students' grades or future school entrance. In contrast to claims in the media, where it has been suggested that Norwegian students are more relaxed towards the PISA test than students in other countries, students report that they are motivated to do their best, but girls report significantly higher test motivation than boys. Despite the policy influence of PISA and the large number of countries participating, very few studies have reported findings from students' perspectives regarding their test motivation and experience of the test. The present study aims to fill that gap.


The focus of the article is on the historical stimuli which might have
 prompted the compilation of the Irish Life of St Berach, Betha Beraigh,
 and on the textual structure and motifs employed by the hagiographer to
 achieve his goals, i.e. to extol his patron saint and to claim territories for
 his church. Although the twelfth century was characterized by Church
 reform, Betha Beraigh seems to show little interest in contemporary
 religious discourse. Instead, the main purpose of the text seems to be
 concern with property, as well as desire to forge or revive connections with
 secular dynasties. The Life, therefore, represents a property record and
 accordingly, should be read against a political background as a document
 similar in its intent to continental charters.


Genomic, proteomic and other experimentally generated data from studies of biological systems aiming to discover disease biomarkers are currently analyzed without sufficient supporting evidence from the literature due to complexities associated with automated processing. Extracting prior knowledge about markers associated with biological sample types and disease states from the literature is tedious, and little research has been performed to understand how to use this knowledge to inform the generation of classification models from 'omic' data. Using pathway analysis methods to better understand the underlying biology of complex diseases such as breast and lung cancers is state-of-the-art. However, the problem of how to combine literature-mining evidence with pathway analysis evidence is an open problem in biomedical informatics research.
This dissertation presents a novel semi-automated framework, named Knowledge Enhanced Data Analysis (KEDA), which incorporates the following components: 1) literature mining of text; 2) classification modeling; and 3) pathway analysis. This framework aids researchers in assigning literature-mining-based prior knowledge values to genes and proteins associated with disease biology. It incorporates prior knowledge into the modeling of experimental datasets, enriching the development process with current findings from the scientific community.
New knowledge is presented in the form of lists of known disease-specific biomarkers and their accompanying scores obtained through literature mining of millions of lung and breast cancer abstracts. These scores can subsequently be used as prior knowledge values in Bayesian modeling and pathway analysis. Ranked, newly discovered biomarker-disease-biofluid relationships which identify biomarker specificity across biofluids are presented. A novel method of identifying biomarker relationships is discussed that examines the attributes from the best-performing models. Pathway analysis results from the addition of prior information, ultimately lead to more robust evidence for pathway involvement in diseases of interest based on statistically significant standard measures of impact factor and p-values.
The outcome of implementing the KEDA framework is enhanced modeling and pathway analysis findings. Enhanced knowledge discovery analysis leads to new disease-specific entities and relationships that otherwise would not have been identified. Increased disease understanding, as well as identification of biomarkers for disease diagnosis, treatment, or therapy targets should ultimately lead to validation and clinical implementation.


The disturbance of local areas with complex railway networks and high traffic density not only impedes the efficient use of rail networks in those areas, but also propagates delays to the entire railway network. This has motivated research on train rescheduling problems in high-density local areas to minimize train delays by modifying their planned arrival and departure times. In this paper, we present a train rescheduling method based on Q-learning in reinforcement learning. More specifically, we used deep neural networks to approximate the action-value function, and the underlying Markov decision process (MDP) is based on the alternative graph formulation for the train rescheduling problem. In the proposed MDP formulation, the status of the alternative graph corresponding to the current schedule is defined as the state, and the alternative arc corresponds to the action the agent can take. The MDP is approximately solved via deep Q-learning in which deep neural networks are used to approximate the action-value function in Q-learning. Although the size of the alternative graph depends on the number of trains, our MDP formulation is independent of the number of trains, which makes the proposed method more scalable. The evaluation of the method was performed on a simple railway network and a real-world example in Seoul, South Korea, with randomly generated initial train schedules and train delays. The experimental result showed that the proposed method is comparable to the mixed-integer-linear-programming (MILP)-based exact approach with respect to the quality of the solution.


The article discusses scope of journalism in virtual media along with challenges in the process such as representation, witnessing and accountability. Topics discussed include how the concept of empathy affects virtual experiences of readers, acquisition of a virtual reality headset company by social media company Facebook to integrate its virtual reality cameras video into its News Feed, and impact of internet, social media and computational methods on journalism.


Objective To establish a method for the determination of pesticide residues in vegetables by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.Methods The samples were ground,soaked,and extracted by solid phase,organophosphorus pesticide residues were determined by GC with FPD detector and organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides compounds by GC with ECD detector.Results The linearity range and coefficients of correlation were 0.125-6.25 g/ml and 0.999 1-0.999 8 for organophosphorus respectively,and 0.005-1.0 g/ml and 0.999 3-0.999 6 for organochlorine,and 0.010-2.0 g/ml and 0.998 90.999 8 for pyrethroid.The relative standard deviation varied between 0.82% to 2.5%,and recovery rate ranged from 88.5% to 110.0%.No significant difference was found between this method and national standard method.Conclusion The method has the advantages of easy and quick operation,more disturbances being eliminated and higher accuracy and precision.


Preliminary study of serum hemagglutinin of abalone(Haliotis diversicolor aquatilis) showed that the serum hemagglutinin agglutinated all kinds of vertebrate and human erythrocytes,and that the agglutinating activity was the highest for rabbit erythrocytes.When heated at 40~50 ℃ for 20 min,the hemagglutinin had the stable agglutinating activity,but lost its function completely when heated over 70 ℃ for 20 min.The highest agglutinating activity was kept at pH values from 6 to 12.There were neither positive nor negative effects of Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+) and EDTA on the serum activity.The agglutinating activity was observed at a wide salinity ranging from 6 to 48.The serum agglutination was not affected by the monosaccharides.


777 Oil is a topically applied Ayurvedic formulation used for the effective treatment of psoriasis. The formulation is composed of leaf extract of Wrightia tinctoria and Oleum Cocus nucifera. A selective, sensitive, and reproducible HPLC method was developed for analyzing marker compound of Wrightia tinctoria (Rutin) in 777 Oil for routine standardization purpose. The chromatography was performed on Phenomenex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm particle) column using methanol-water (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase; adjusted to pH 3.0 by orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. with detection at 360 nm. The values of retention times and capacity factor were 3.88 and 0.40, respectively. The calibration plot showed a good linear relationship between response curve and concentration in the range of 1.0–1000.0 µgmL−1 with regression coefficient 0.9998. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were found 27.0 and 95.0 ngmL−1 respectively. The statistical analysis proved that the method was precise, reproducible, selective, and accurate for the analysis of rutin in 777 Oil. The developed HPLC method is useful for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of rutin in 777 Oil and other products of traditional systems of medicine.


The economic crisis that has hit countries in the west in recent years has generated a decline in the presence and the strength of the entrepreneurial class and also of its traditional role of "customer" of the design sector. Design has recently responded to this new situation by generating new working methods. Politecnico di Torino has evolved its classic demanding approach to design and brought it up to date by incorporating "explorative" capacities into the training of its students, providing them with the necessary skills to cope with an absence of market, proposing the designer as a key fi gure capable of exploring existing situations and off ering new solutions. The aim of this paper is to show how, in the absence of market, the strategies that Exploring Design can implement generate system-product, process, service design projects that are always original and innovative, capable of leading quite easily to new methods, business ideas and spheres of activity in which customers can become involved later on. Keywords: Advanced design, Exploring Design, Design education, Design methodology.


The logic underlying the formulation of statistical tests of hypothesis can be counterintuitive for the non-mathematician, e.g. to test whether two treatments are different, why suppose they are equal? When introducing the topic of hypothesis testing, it is easy to present the formal fiamework for the testing procedure without explaining the logic behind it. In courses for statisticians, one may often (unjustifiably) rely on the understanding of probability concepts as a foundation for understanding statistical inference, but in courses taught to non-statisticians where there is minimal discussion of probability, it is essential that explanations must be based on concepts the students can readily understand. The method proposed here for teaching the concept of hypothesis testing makes an analogy to the judicial system, whereby a person is assumed innocent until sufficient evidence warrants a verdict of guilty. Analogies for the different elements of statistical tests are presented and discussed, together ...


FIELD: items of private use. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to handle for steam discharging, installed on cover of kitchenware. Handle for steam discharging, allowing channel for steam withdrawal, contains body, rigidly fixed on cover of kitchenware, and device for regulation of steam discharging, which is implemented separately from body with ability of fixation in it. Regulating device contains facilities for regulation of steam discharging, one of which is implemented in the form of manual regulation element. EFFECT: development of facility for regulation of steam discharging, which is implemented in the form of manual regulation element. 10 cl, 6 dwg


This paper presents a new approach to measure multidimensional poverty, combining the strengths of the Fuzzy Set method and the Alkire and Foster method, and addresses some of their limitations. The approach applies the Fuzzy Set method to resolve the discontinuity problem that arises when the latter is used in the Alkire and Foster method to identify the multidimensionally poor people. The resultant process satisfies poverty axioms of a good poverty measure. It also incorporates some s statistical techniques in selecting indicators and computing weights for the membership function. The empirical assessment is done to primary data, collected from the Uva province of Sri Lanka, an economically, neglected comprising of people representing various socio-economic backgrounds. This study examines poverty under three main dimensions; material, social dimensions and human capital. The results reveal that, 42.3 percent of people in the Uva province have a propensity to poverty. The incidence of multidimensional poverty is 56 percent and the intensity is 48.6 percent. The adjusted fuzzy headcount index is 27.2 percent. Interestingly, the highest contribution to overall poverty comes from deprivation by social dimensions. The application of the this method undoubtedly would encourage the analysis of further research on multidimensional poverty.


It's the most pressing task at the moment to enhance the quality possessed by the physical education teachers at the ordinary institutes of highter learning.Nowadays,quality education is so much attached importance to that the P E teachers should change all the old ideas,recreate the professional character,and open up new paths steadily.They must be enterprising,full of innovations and must develop the quality of himself as well.In the article,some opinions on the quality which must be possessed by a teacher are put forward,which include the P E professional quality,scientific and cultural quality,physical and mental quality and idea logical and moral quality.


On the east side of the diamond shape Philippine Sea Plate, it is the trench system which concludes Izu-Bonin-Mariana trench, Yap trench, Palau and Ayu trench, there is the deepest trench in the world. The Yap Trench, together with the Palau Trench, is located at the southern end of the long chain of trench-arc systems. At the ultra deepest bottom, there is not only unique depositional and digenetic environment, but also frequent geologic activity caused by plate subduction such as serpentinization, gas release and volcanic earthquake. The Yap and Palau Trenches differ from the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) Trenches to the north. On seismology, it is markedly lower at Yap and Palau with no evidence of a Benioff zone compared with IBM which has well-developed Benioff zones. The distance between the arc and the trench axis is less than 50 km, much less than those found for other arc–trench systems and it lacks active arc volcanism, which maybe the consequence of the Cenozoic collision with the Caroline Ridge. Moreover, the Yap trench is very short which is from 7°30′N to 11°30′, and there is a typical trench-trench junction existing near 11°7′where Mariana trench intersect as a perpendicular angle, and its northern part is the deep valley named North Yap Escarpment. Some researchers suggested that subduction at the Yap Trench may have been terminated by collision of the Caroline Ridge. However, recent studies suggest that the Yap subduction zone is still active. In the inner slope of the Yap Trench at about 6000m deep, ultramafic and gabbroic rocks were observed and considered as the similar one to those exposed in the Parece Vela basin. Since lower crustal and even upper mantle sections of the PSP are exposed on the inner slope of the Yap Trench, it is extremely important for correctly interpreting the petrological and chronological data collected along that arc. There are still very little samples and data from Yap trench, more are needed to understand the geology of it. In this paper, we will report some new samples and it petrology and geochemistry of new peridotite and basalts collected by manned submersible of China 'JiaoLong' at more than 6000m depth from the inner slope of Yap trench, and discuss its evolution implication for the PSP arc system.


The equilibrium structural parameters, electronic and optical properties of the alkali hydrides RbH and CsH compounds in rock-salt (RS) and cesium chloride (CsCl) structures have been studied using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method. Wu and Cohen generalized gradient approximation (WC-GGA) was used for the exchange-correlation potential to compute the equilibrium structural parameters, such as the lattice constant (a0), the bulk modulus (B) and bulk modulus first order pressure derivative (B'). In addition to the WC-GGA, the modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) scheme has been also used to overcome the underestimation of the band gap energies. RbH and CsH compounds are found to be semiconductors (wide energy-band gap) using the WC-GGA method, while they are insulators using the mBJ-GGA method. Elastic constants, mechanical and thermodynamic properties were obtained by using the IRelast package. RbH and CsH compounds at ambient pressure are mechanically stable in RS and CsCl struct...


For novice teachers, collaborative teaching and research activities are an important way to enhance their professionalism and realize their aspirations as teachers. In diverse collaborative teaching and research activities such as teacher-apprentice systems and group listening and evaluation, teachers are able to find their own breakthroughs in imitation, practice and reflection, shaking off the pain of identity change in a short time and moving towards the goal of teacher excellence. However, existing collaborative teaching and research activities are generally characterized by formalism, lack of teacher initiative and utilitarian outcomes, which hinder the development of novice teachers. Therefore, based on the above background, this paper proposes an effective path for novice teachers to achieve growth in collaborative teaching and research activities from two dimensions: extrapolation and endogenization, with the aim of using teachers' endogenous motivation as the source and efficient and diverse collaborative teaching and research activities as a scaffold to help novice teachers achieve growth and transformation.


Dejan Lovrinčević was born in Split on 1 May 1985. He attended Spinut Primary School and the Civil EngineeringGeodesy Technical Secondary School in Split. He graduated from the Faculty ofGeodesy (University ofZagreb) in 2010. In the same year, he was employed by the Cartographic Department of the Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia as an editor ofmaritime charts. He enrolled in postgraduate doctoral studies in geodesy and geoinformatics at the Faculty ofGeodesy in Zagreb in 2012. He participated in teaching as an external assistant at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy of the University of Split, delivering courses in Map Projections and Geoinformation Infrastructure. He has published six scientific and professional articles, either as an independent author or co-author, in Croatian and foreign journals, and has participated in ten scientific-professional meetings. His doctoral thesis, A New Method ofAutomatic Sounding Selection on Nautical Charts, is 126 pages long (A4), with abstracts in Croatian and English, 58 illustrations, six tables, a bibliography of105 titles, and the author's biography. Applying knowledge of how nautical charts are produced, and an approach to integrated hydrographic spatial analysis based on GIS, along with guidelines and principles from a systematic analysis of existing nautical charts (Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia – HHI), the thesis describes a new automatic sounding selection method. The scientific contribution ofthe thesis is evident in defining rules and principles for applying the spatial parameters of inclination and direction, with the aim of improving the quality ofsounding selection. There is also a contribution in terms of proposing a solution to improve the integration of the final sounding selection on existing chart conditions. The proposed methodology of sounding selection, based on sea bed relief changes, revealed the need to include other bases than the hydrographic original as the basis for sounding selection. Inclination and direction, which are frequent parameters in other scientific areas linked to researching and modelling the seabed, may contribute to the accuracy of information which marine cartographers provide for users. The quality of a hydrographic survey allows these parameters and whole range of others to be calculated with sufficient accuracy for sounding selection on marine charts. Too much density, or too great a number of soundings shown on charts, is seen as one of the greatest shortcomings in official, manual sounding selection on HHI charts. The reason is that is limits potential errors by the number of selections, but it also has a partial effect on the Dejan Lovrinčević defended his doctoral thesis A New Method ofAutomatic Sounding Selection on Nautical Charts on 5 October 2018. The commission for the defence of the doctoral thesis comprised Prof. Dr. Stanislav Frangeš, Assist. Prof. Dr. Robert Župan, and Prof. Dr. Josip Faričić from the Department of Geography, University of Zadar. The mentor was Prof. Emeritus Miljenko Lapaine.


Abstract Novel nanocomposites based on gelatin polymer networks containing poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) were prepared and morphological, chemical and rheological properties were investigated. The successful incorporation of PLGA nanoparticles into the gelatin gels was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). FESEM microscopy showed also a more homogeneous pore structure of the nanocomposite with respect to the primary gel. The introduction of PLGA nanospheres at a 1% w/v with respect to gelatin weight does not influence the elastic modulus of the pristine gelatin but an increase in the amount of PLGA spheres determine a negative effect on the elastic modulus. The prepared PLGA-NPs gelatin gels with biocompatible and biodegradable properties are very interesting from both applied and fundamental perspectives for a future application in biomedical and food fields for the control release of active molecules.


The masonry unit used for the construction of masonry works in the western Gujarat region of India, Kutch is a lean concrete blocks of size varying as per the purpose of masonry work i.e. for load bearing or partition work. These blocks are manufactured by blending the cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate at proportion of 1:6:4 with w/c of about 0.5, the resulting mix is than utilized to produce the blocks with help of vibro-pressure machineries. These consume the natural resources such as natural fine aggregate and natural coarse aggregate and hence diminishes the environment gradually. Generation of wastes from various industries also results in pollution of environment because of improper disposal of these wastes and lack of exploration for utilization of such wastes. This paper identifies a potential use of wastes from foundry industry and construction industry for utilization in construction industry and represents the experimental investigation on utilization of foundry waste as a partial replacement of natural sand by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and recycled aggregate as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate by 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. This various trial mixes are compared in the terms of compression strength and water absorption with respect to the standard mix proportion. The result shows the increase in compressive strength and reduction in water absorption with increase in content of foundry sand whereas reduction in compressive strength and increase in water absorption with increase in content of recycled aggregate.


Edge illumination is an X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique capable of quantitative retrieval of phase and amplitude images. The retrieval of the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering was recently developed and implemented with the area-imaging counterpart of an edge-illumination system, sometimes referred to as coded-aperture setup. This is an incoherent and achromatic technique, well suited for translation of the potential of X-ray phase contrast imaging into efficient laboratory-scale setups. We report on recent advances of these developments along two main directions. One relates to the expansion of the technique with respect to the data analysis and corrections that are required when non-ideal optical elements are used and optimized sampling strategies. The second is directed towards high-resolution and high-energy implementations. A laboratory-based prototype for high-energy X-ray phase-contrast microscopy was built and its performance was modelled and experimentally characterized.


A special step-up/down converter is investigated. The basic function, the stationary relationships, the small signal behavior, the position of the poles and zeros and the dimensioning are discussed. For a model converter, simulation and measurement results are compared. The advantages of this converter are: the duty ratio is always larger than 0.5 giving, an easier realization of a low-loss snubber circuit and therefore making higher switching frequencies possible; an equal voltage is given across the two inductors, making a coupling possible and therefore a realization on a common core; the control of the active switch does not have to be floating. Because the circuit has some serious disadvantage, the advantages can take effect only for special and limited applications. Such disadvantages are: pulsed current drawn from the source; for larger duty ratios substantially higher currents than the load current flow in the semiconductor devices and in the input inductor. This results in high conduction losses in the semiconductors, relatively low efficiency and problems with cooling.<<ETX>>


A fossil flora from the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene Thyra 0 Formation of eastern North Greenland (paleolatitude 770 N) has yielded monocotyledon leaf impressions with characters seen only in the closely related modern species in the families of Heliconiaceae, Musaceae, and Strelitziaceae. The combination of large costae widths and parallel, nonanastomosing, lateral veins that depart at right angles from the costae in the fossil material are features present only in leaves of extant species from these families. Three basic venation patterns also are recognized in the modern species of these families, but except for the genera Strelitzia and Phenakospermum, none of these patterns are present exclusively in any one family. Musopsis n. gen. is created for the fossil material from Greenland, but it is considered a form genus due to the lack of gross morphological features that can be used for separating leaves of the modern genera in Heliconiaceae, Musaceae, and Strelitiziaceae. It is the first known Arctic occurrence of fossil leaf material resembling this modern group of taxa.


The global objective of this research was to identify the proteins secreted by stem cells in response to mechanical stress. Since it has been shown in previous studies that conditioned medium from compressed chick limb bud cells cultured in alginate can initiate chondrogenesis in non-compressed cells, it was hypothesized that the conditioned medium contains valuable growth/differentiation factors. Due to cartilage?s limited capacity for repair, factors that stimulate stem-cell mediated regeneration are highly sought. To discern these proteins, conditioned medium was collected from cyclically compressed stage 23/24 chick limb buds suspended in alginate. The proteins were extracted, separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis, and evaluated by mass spectroscopy. While a few regulators of chondrogenesis were observed, such as FGF receptor, actin, and IP3 receptor, many potential peptides were not found in the database. However, this study showed that ascertaining proteins produced by chondrocytes in response to mechanical stimulation should be pursued.


Teacher preparation programs in the United States are expected to educate preservice teacher candidates through instructor-learner partnerships. Collaborative learning, project-based learning, and authentic assessment therefore are vital for preparing teacher candidates to teach in 7-12 grades. This chapter shares instances of instructor-learner partnership from an undergraduate educational psychology course via course-based and field-based assignments. First, an overview of constructivism is presented as foundational theory anchoring instructor-learner partnership in the teacher preparation course. Next, instructor-learner partnership is illustrated within a simulation task, technology-enhanced project, and fieldwork experience. Finally, instructor-learner partnership in formative assessment of course-based and field-based activities are illustrated. The chapter concludes with recommendations for inculcating instructor-learner partnership in teacher education courses, and directions for future research pertinent to instructor-learner partnership in teacher preparation programs.


Objective: To investigate the expression of leucocyte differentiation antigen 147(CD147) and significance in gastric adenocarcinoma. Method: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CD147 in 10 specimens of normal gastric mucosas,20 specimens of juxtacancerous tissues and 60 specimens of adenocarcinoma tissues,and analyzed significances with clinical pathological factors. Result: The expression positive rate of CD147 was much higher in carcinoma tissues than in normal gastric mucosas and juxtacancerous tissues(P0.01),in juxtacancerous tissues than in normal gastric mucosas(P0.05).The expression positive rate of CD147 were also much higher in poorly differentiated tissues than in moderately differentiated tissues,was higher in tissues with muscular layer and placenta percreta infiltration than those with submucosa infiltration,was higher in tissues with lymph nodes metastasis than those without lymph nodes metastasis.No significant difference was found between tissues with muscular layer infiltration and placenta percreta infiltration,and no correlation was found with sex,age and site of tumor. Conclusion: Tonic expression of CD147 may play a role in invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoenesis.CD147 may enhance the progress of gastric carcinoenesis.


The number of social media has become its own trend in society especially in Indonesia, one of which is Instagram. It is undeniable that Instagram can have a positive and negative impact in society, especially teenagers. The number of teenagers who have not been able to filter story instagram video messages delivered by communicators, so that the style of language conveyed by communicators can be imitated by teenagers. Base on these, the researcher is interested in conducting research with the aim to find out how much influencing the exposure of Instagram videos stories by Reza Oktovian on the imitation of teenage language styles on students Senior High School 3 Bandar Lampung.
 Researcher uses quantitative methods with the type of research quantitative associative. The sampling technique used is stratified sampling, where there were 74 respondents of the students of SMAN 3 Bandar Lampung period 2019. While the data obtained from the questionnaire were disseminated to students of SMAN 3 Bandar Lampung who were the respondents of the study.
Besides questionnaire, other data is also supported by secondary data in the form of books, e-books, scientific journals and articles, and online searches. After the data is collected, analyzed the validity and reliability, then the linear regression test was carried out simple and t test. The researcher used the S-O-R theory to explain phenomena and research results.
 From the results of data analysis obtained from the coefficient of determination (R2) amounting to 0,041. It can be concluded that there is an influence between video exposure Instagram stories by Reza Oktovian (X) towards imitation of language style adolescents (Y), although only a little is 4,1% and the remaining 95,9% is affected by other variables not discussed in this study. From the table SPSS coefficients, constant numbers of Unstandardized Coefficients = 16,992 and regression coefficient number = 0,266. That is, the imitation of language style (Y) will increase amounting to 0,266 units for each additional unit of data journalism exposure (X), with the regression equation Y = 16,992 + 0,266X.


Since the earliest descriptions of ADHD, controversy has persisted about whether ADHD results from a delay in brain maturation or a deviation from


Hb Washtenaw [beta 11(A8)Val-->Phe] is a new, low oxygen affinity variant with a previously undescribed substitution, identified in seven members over three generations of a Hungarian-American family. The hemoglobin is mildly unstable and the family members studied are clinically asymptomatic but mildly cyanotic, and some exhibit mild anemia. The index case had severe pulmonary hypertension and some of the family members had increased pulmonary vascular resistance on echocardiography. An association between the inheritance of this abnormal hemoglobin and the pathogenesis of primary pulmonary hypertension is suggested but the mechanism is unclear.


Nowadays stress is a very common problem in every human life. Today, the world is moving very fast, peoples are giving high-level work performance for their life's betterment. In this scenario, they are affected by high-level stress. There are two major factors for stress; one is an internal factor, and another one is an external factor. IT sector is one of the fastest-growing sectors in India. The employees working in different organizations must deal with stress. Especially IT professionals are under a great deal of stress due to many reasons. The stress contributes to decreased organizational performance, decreased employee overall performance, decreased quality of work, high attrition rate and absenteeism due to health problems such as anxiety, depression, headache and backache. Men and women are equally getting job opportunity in this sector. Compared to men, women face many tasks in their working and family environment. Work-life balance is an art; if the women employees are properly balancing their work and family life, means they can easily avoid the stress in their working environment.


International tourism island is developing in Hainan Province at present.How to seize the opportunity to exert comparative advantages of sightseeing agriculture in Hainan is our concern.Based on the development of international tourism island,this article put forward that Hainan's sightseeing agriculture should make innovations from strategies,production,marketing,institution and so on and achieve a breakthrough development.


The aim of this paper is to show the behaviors and characteristics that, after the Tridentine reform, should lead to the beatification or canonization of women deserving of such treatment, and should also become models of female behavior. To do this, we will start from the features that different authors have already pointed out in their studies and taking as an example the specific case of the tertiary sister Mariana de Jesús, we will check to what extent she complied or contravened these behavioral archetypes.


In this issue of PNAS, Leahy and coworkers (1) present the first crystal structure of a complex between the N-terminal fragment of Hh (HhN) and an Ihog fragment encompassing its two extracellular fibronectin domains (IhogFn1–2). This work is part of the group's ongoing effort to elucidate the structural basis for hedgehog (Hh) signal transmission at the cell surface (2). Based on this structure and supporting biochemical data, the authors put forth a new model in which heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAGs) play a direct role in promoting Hh signaling.


Knowledge utilization to achieve competitive advantage is not only a source of creating critical success factors but nurturing core competencies as well. In order to stay, competitive organizations have to be fully aware of customer preference, trends and changing needs. This flexibility of any organization can help attain competitive advantage by adapting to changing environment and maintaining it. The real life example of marketing strategy by sportswear giants Adidas and Nike show how effective knowledge management can help achieve organization goals.