Back ground: Era of contraception, abortions, [20th, 21st centuries] implemented as family welfare schemes, witnessed increased global prevalence of obesity. Objectives: Altruistic association of contraception [if any], with increasing obesity, was sought after. Methods: In 2012, retrospective analysis of, prevalence of obesity in 350 patients of 20-35 years, 35-50 years, >50 years age groups, from data collected by convenient, stratified random sampling, from different geographical locations, between 20032012 and its association with presence, absence of contraception, abortion was undertaken; simultaneously, serum oestrogen levels obtained from 105 patients, was also analyzed. Results: Contraception status was associated with 3 fold increase in obesity [without secondary sexual dimorphism] among 20-35 years with a p value of <0.025; 6 fold increase in obesity among 35-50 years with a p value of <0.0005; 1.5 fold increase in obesity among >50 years with a p value of <0.001. Cholesterol deprived diet without contraception was associated with 10 fold increase in obesity among <20 years including adolescents with a p value of <0.0005. Endogenous oestrogen was reduced below normal in 61% of contraceptive users, with a p value of <0.0005; 25% of contraceptive users had low normal levels of serum oestrogen. Conclusion: Concept is acquired contraception, abortion status, with smashed fragmentation of germ cells, consequent reduced endogenous oestrogen: androgen, results in defaulted genomic repertoire, deranged cell cycle, cell metabolism, consequent increased incidence of obesity as part of metabolic syndrome. Cholesterol deprived diet with resultant decreased endogenous oestrogen: androgen synthesis, consequent deranged cell metabolism results in obesity; tight attires around pelvis causing thermogenic destruction of germ cells with consequent reduction of endogenous oestrogen: androgen also can lead to defaults in genomic repertoire and obesity. Physiological genomic repertoire, cell cycle of growth differentiation controlled multiplication, cell metabolism, is dependent upon endogenous oestrogen: androgen surveillance; hence reduced endogenous oestrogen: androgen surveillance results in metabolic syndrome and resultant obesity. Contraception reversal slimmed obesity remarkably, as a cause and effect phenomenon.


【Objective】 The objective of this study is to understand the Cercospora species causing maize gray leaf spot(GLS)in China. 【Method】 The samples of GLS were widely collected from maize producing areas and strains were isolated using single-spore isolation technique. The causal agents were identified based on fungal morphology, culture and molecular characters.【Result】One hundred and thirty-six strains were isolated from samples collected in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia,Shandong, Yunnan and Hubei provinces. Of them 65 strains were identified as C. zeae-maydis which found in northern provinces as well as in early years in Yunnan. Seventy-one were C. zeina only occurred in Yunnan and Hubei provinces. C. sorghi var. maydis,which was reported in China, was not detected in the strains.【Conclusion】In China, there are two Cercospora species causing GLS,which are C. zeae-maydis and C. zeina. The former is found in the northern China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Shandong provinces, and in the strains collected in Yunnan before 2008, and the later was distributed in southwest China, such as Yunnan and Hubei provinces. C. zeina is firstly reported as a causal agent of gray leaf spot on maize in China.


On the basis of investigating the reflection on the surface and transmition inside the rectangular prism, an aberation free laser attenuator made of rectangular prism is designed. By measuring the M 2 beam factor of wide and narrow He Ne laser beam, it has been verified that the rectangular prism has no distinct influence on the beam quality.


Background:Although it is known that IgM ĸ molecules predominate in cold agglutinins (CAs), exact data on the frequency of Ig classes and L-chain types (isotypes) of CAs and their distribution among CAs with different specificities are missing. Material and Methods:384 CAs of our collection were tested for isotypes by double diffusion or 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. CA specificities were determined using untreated, papain- and sialidase-treated red blood cells derived from human adults and newborns. Anti-Pr subspecificities were defined by chemically modified glycophorins and further characterized by specifically α2,3-desialylated red cells. Results:Almost all anti-I CAs are IgM. Almost all IgG and IgA examples are anti-Pr CAs, most of which are IgM. IgG and IgA CAs apparently accumulate within CAs with anti-Pr1h and anti-Pra subspecificities. λ-type IgM CAs are found among anti-I (6.5%) and anti-Pr CAs (8.7%) but are preferentially associated with anti-i CAs (20.6%). Conclusion:Ig class switching is rare in CAs. It is decisive for the mode and extent of red blood cell destruction. Autoimmune hemolysis due to IgM CAs is complement mediated. Red blood cell destruction induced by IgG CAs differs from that caused by IgM CAs, whereas IgA CAs do not cause (intense) immune hemolysis. CA class switching is associated with CA (sub)specificities. They reflect autoantigens capable of inducing class switching.


Multi-modulus divider(MMD) based on phase-switching technology finds wide application due to good trade-off between operating frequency and power consumption.For lower power consumption,the output amplitude of the first two dividers was reduced by two-stage inverter,which could also adjust duty cycle to 25% or less,thus increasing delay budget in phase control and eliminating glitch completely.Based on the principle of phase-switching four-modulus frequency divider,a multi-modulus divider operating beyond 2.55 GHz was designed.Simulation results showed that the frequency divider consumed less than 14 mW of power from 3.3 V supply,while the divider modulus changed from 128 to 255.


The invention relates to a sound box with base strengthen effect, which comprises a loudspeaker and several boxes that contain the loudspeaker, wherein each box can be flexible relative to nearby box to adjust the volume of sound box, and change the quality Qtc of sound box. Therefore, when the sound box is not working, its volume can be adjusted into minimum volume; and when the sound box is working, the listener can adjust the volume to select favorite Qtc.


This paper introduces a novel configuration software PineCAD and its application in the simulation platform development for the soot-blowing system.The simulation data is consistent with the historical data of the soot-blowing system.


Currently central problems of stacks application of communications protocols are considered. Comparison analysis of stacks application in the local area network of the Ethernet type has been carried out. The TCP/IP stack application is proposed. In considering this problem the interrelation between the program product modularity and the utility of its application has been determined.


Objectives: To study the optimal dilution of serum for quantitative measuring of level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Methods: The sera from the three serological patterns [HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+)/HBcAb(+), HBsAg(+)/HBeAb(+)/HBcAb(+) and HBsAg(+)/HBcAb(+)]were collected and diluted to a serial of different concertration with normal negtive mixed sera. The level of HBsAg was dectected by ECLIA separatedly. Results: The optimal dilution of serum for HBsAg quantitative measuring in serological pattern of HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+)/HBcAb(+) is at 32 folds because of high does(HD)-hook effect, while HBsAg level of non-diluted specimen is higher than that of diluted ones in two other serological patterns. Conclusions: In ECLIA, high does(HD)-hook effect results in less reactivity and false-negative results.In order to avoid the experimental misdiagnosis, it is necessary to predilute the serum specimen when the HBsAg concentrations exceed the measuring range of the ECLIA method. The results indicated that the specimen should be prediluted to 32 folds when measure the serum of HBsAg level in HBsAg(+)/HBeAg(+)/HBcAb(+) serological pattern, while there is no need to measuring of HBsAg level in two other serological patterns.


ABSTRACT The research is motivated were less of class II student learning outcomes Teknik Bangunan of SMK N 1 Padang subjects Real Cost Estimate. Theresearch aims was to determine whether there is a correlationbetween the learning outcomesofReal Cost Estimate of learning motivation ofReal Cost Estimate of student of II Teknik Bangunan of SMK Negeri 1 Padang . This research is a descriptive correlational study . The population subject were all students of class II Teknik Bangunan during 2012/2013 periodeis 89 students , because the population is less than 100 then the samples were taken of all members is called total sampling population totaling 89 students. The variables in research were motivated to learn as the independent variable ( X ) and the Real Cost Estimate learning outcomes as the dependent variable ( Y ). Based on the analysis of correlation r value of 0.793 obtained in the strong category and test the significance of correlations obtained tcount 7.930 > 1.988 t table then Ho is rejected. Thus it can be stated that There is a relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes Real Cost Estimate students of II Teknik Bangunan of SMK Negeri 1 Padang, the meaning that higher learning motivation students the results of the learning outcomes Real Cost Estimate has increased. Keyword: Correlation , Learning Motivation , Learning Outcomes .


Water Policy - Water Politics.- Water Policy - Water Politics.- Global Norms and National Policies.- Towards Implementation of the World Commission on Dams Recommendations.- How Global Norms for Large Dams Reach Decision-Makers.- Global Environmental Governance and Its Influence on National Water Policies.- Global Water Governance: Managing complexity on a Global Scale.- Critical Debates Revisited.- Strategic Virtual Water Trade - A critical Analysis of the Debate.- The Debate on "Water as a Human Right" and its Implications for Development Assistance.- Rethinking IWRM Under Cultural Considerations.- Politics of Water Supply and Sanitation.- Private Sector Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation.- Sector Reforms for Sustainable Financing of Water and Wastewater Services.- The Political Economy of Water and Sanitation Services in Colombia.- Power Plays in Irrigation Reforms.- Political Power Play in Bulgaria's Irrigation Sector Reform.- Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Institutional Change in Kyrgyz Water Governance.- Development Cooperation.- The World Bank's Water Sector Policy Reforms.- Challenges for German Development Cooperation in the Water Sector.- Addressing the Need for Water Service Delivery in Fragile States.- EU Water Initiative - A (non-) Innovative Form of Development Cooperation.


Memorandum presenting two-spool matching procedures which may be employed to analyze turbojet, turboprop, and stationary power plants. The procedures were applied to obtain the sea-level static equilibrium performance of a simple two-spool turbojet engine in which the compressor and turbine performances were based on experimental results. Results regarding engine performance at sea-level static conditions, component performance, and effect of compressor-discharge bleed are provided.


In our contribution we discuss structure-luminescence property relations of MSi2O2N2:Eu (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors to explain the differences in excitability, emission band position and width. The differences in Eu2+ site coordination, number and size of sites lead to a shift of emission from M = Ba over M = Sr to M = Ca from cyan to yellow accompanied by an increased Stokes shift. Because of its favourable emission properties with a peak at ~ 538 nm SrSi2O2N2:Eu was selected and optimized as down-conversion material for green pcLEDs. pcLEDs built with LUXEONR thin-film flip chip (TFFC) LEDs show stable color points under a wide range of drive conditions (I ≤ 1A, T ≤ 150°C) as a consequence of the very high conversion efficiency of optimized SrSi2O2N2:Eu color converters. Although cutbacks in color purity have to be made because of the broad band phosphor emission spectrum, efficacies of the discussed green pcLEDs are significantly higher compared to direct green emitting InGaN LEDs.


The goal of this research is to compare the accuracy of three prediction models which are permanent earnings, aggregate earnings and operational cash flow in prediction future operational cash flow. The hypotheses which are proposed in this research are H1: permanent earnings are more accurate than aggregate earnings in prediction future operational cash flow, and H2: operational cash flow is more accurate than aggregate earnings in prediction future operational cash flow. The researcher uses test instruments panel data regression to make efficient regression panel data model. The samples in this research are 29 companies from 148 manufactory companies which are registrant in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The dependent variable is operational cash flow, whereas independent variables are permanent earnings, aggregate earnings and operational cash flow. The accuracy comparison of prediction model is done by comparing the value of prediction error by using absolute percentage error (APE). The result of test by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with real  rate 5% prove that permanent earnings is not different from the accuracy with aggregate earnings in prediction future operational cash flow. Empirical evidence also shows that operational cash flow is more accurate than aggregate earnings in prediction future operational cash flow.


HIV-1 reverse transcription is initiated from a \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{3}^{\mathrm{Lys}}\) \end{document} molecule annealed to the viral RNA at the primer binding site (PBS), but the structure of the initiation complex of reverse transcription remains controversial. Here, we performed in situ structural probing, as well as in vitro structural and functional studies, of the initiation complexes formed by highly divergent isolates (MAL and NL4.3/HXB2). Our results show that the structure of the initiation complex is not conserved. In MAL, and according to sequence analysis in 14% of HIV-1 isolates, formation of the initiation complex is accompanied by complex rearrangements of the viral RNA, and extensive interactions with \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{3}^{Lys}\) \end{document} are required for efficient initiation of reverse transcription. In NL4.3, HXB2, and most isolates, \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{3}^{Lys}\) \end{document} annealing minimally affects the viral RNA structure and no interaction outside the PBS is required for optimal initiation of reverse transcription. We suggest that in MAL, extensive interactions with \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{3}^{Lys}\) \end{document} are required to drive the structural rearrangements generating the structural elements ultimately recognized by reverse transcriptase. In NL4.3 and HXB2, these elements are already present in the viral RNA prior to \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\mathrm{tRNA}_{3}^{Lys}\) \end{document} annealing, thus explaining that extensive interactions with the primer are not required. Interestingly, such interactions are required in HXB2 mutants designed to use a non-cognate tRNA as primer (tRNAHis). In the latter case, the extended interactions are required to counteract a negative contribution associate with the alternate primer.


We investigated the binding characteristics of double-stranded DNA to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing viologen groups formed on the surface of gold electrodes via Au-S bonds. The positive charged and hydrophobic surfaces of the viologen SAMs modified gold electrodes are suitable to bind strongly dth DNA, whose interactions to solution DNA and adsorbed DNA both lead to positive shifts (22.5 mV and 65 mV, respectively) in the first redox potential ci viologen centers, indicating that the main interaction is from a hydrophobic interaction. Meanwhile, the binding of DNA strongly affects the kinetics of electron transfer of the viologen group so that the separation of anodic and cathodic peak potentials becomes larger and the heterogeneous electron transfer constant becomes smaller.


The article deals with the research of approaches and best practices of application of the concept of "smart city", allowing to increase efficiency of various parts of city infrastructure, which in turn become the engine and the core of innovative technologies introduction. Conceptual and practical approaches to understanding the category of "smart city" and its interpretation in the modern world are presented. The paper describes the structure of the "smart city", it's most important and inalienable elements, their functions. In the course of the research, world examples of the development of "smart cities", the introduction of "smart" technologies, as well as the most successful projects and smart solutions in Russian practice were analyzed. Key success factors, existing requirements and possible prospects of the development of the concept under consideration were identified. A conclusion was made about the advisability of introducing these technologies in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The preliminary rating of "smart cities" of Russia is considered, its strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. This case has studied in the context of international experience of different countries and economic systems, conclusions were drawn about the key ways to implement the concept of "smart city". Keywords—smart city; smart economy; information and communication technologies; Internet of things; city; world experience; rating; social and economic development; spatial organization


This research was conducted at PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch. The problem in this research is, "Does the organizational culture affect the performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch "," Does financial compensation indirectly affect the performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Kupang ", and" Does the organizational culture and financial compensation indirectly simultaneously affect the performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch? ". The results of the research show that the Organizational Culture owned by employees of PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch, which consists of 7 (seven) indicators, namely adaptability, autonomy, cooperation, creativity, equality, honesty, rationality has a positive influence on the performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch. Indirect financial compensation owned by employees of PT. Pos Indoensia Kupang Branch, which consists of 3 (three) indicators, namely security and welfare, payment of wages for not working, and services for workers have a positive influence on the performance of employees at PT. Pos Indonesia Kupang Branch. Thus, the company needs to maintain and improve the organizational culture and financial compensation is not directly appropriate so that employee performance will increase. When employee performance increases, the organization can achieve its goals and objectives well.
 Keywords: organizational culture, indirect financial compensation, and employee performance


Sara Douglas, lead investigator of the Abstract: Video Conference Intervention for Distance Caregivers (DCGs) of Patients with Cancer: Improving Psychological Outcomes, discusses her study with MHE's Briana Contreras which will be presented at ASCO 2020.


Ferromagnetic microwires are investigated as fundamental components to generate metamaterials with double negative parameters. Electric and magnetic responses are, respectively, based on the finite conductivity and ferromagnetic resonance of the wires that in turn depend on their chemical composition. Tuning properties of samples are investigated in terms of the composition of the alloy and the applied magnetic field. The samples are measured and simulated in a waveguide environment for a large microwave frequency range. Numerical modeling supports the experimental results and helps to understand the physics involved in the transmission phenomena. Radius and conductivity of the wires are pointed out as the most critical parameters to generate a double negative response in terms of permittivity and permeability.


This thesis describes the genetic, phenotypic and screening aspects of tumor predisposition syndromes in childhood cancer patients. In tumor predisposition syndromes, the same constitutional molecular defects that lead to the clinical phenotype predispose the patient to develop specific cancers. Structural genome variations were detected in childhood cancer patients showing one of the patterns of co-occurring morphological abnormalities as defined previously by Merks et al., which were hypothesized to be susceptibility loci. 3D Shape analysis was used in this same patient cohort, which demonstrated that the childhood cancer patients showed more overall facial dysmorphism, more dysmorphism in the malar region and increased facial asymmetry compared to controls. This showed the added value of morphometric analysis to further delineate face shape differences that are too subtle or geometrically complex to identify or quantify objectively with conventional clinical and anthropometric approaches. 3D photography was also used to demonstrate statistically significant differences in face shape between individuals from the UK and the Netherlands, two European Caucasian populations of close phylogenetic and geographic proximity. From these results we recommend, that in genotype-phenotype correlation studies reference groups should be established in the same population as the individuals who form the subject of the study. Lastly, a screening instrument consisting of a screening form and 2D/3D picture series was developed, which showed to identify patients who (might) have a tumor predisposition syndrome in a first validation.


Computational approaches to studying drug toxicity have been and continue to be an important tool in drug discovery. In silico methods are especially appealing for their ease of use and reduction of resources and expenses. Advances in machine learning and deep learning have made substantial advances in recent years, offering new applications in the study of drug toxicity. Drug toxicity concerns (e.g., mutagenicity, endocrine toxicity, or cardiotoxicity) identified during screening and optimization can prevent otherwise strong therapeutic candidates from proceeding. Inability to satisfy drug safety criteria is a primary driver of drug withdrawal and termination during clinical development. Our goal is to review key advances in computational studies of drug toxicity, especially those that may be pragmatically useful in drug discovery. In this Research Topic, five unique advancements in computational studies of drug toxicity have been published. We present each accepted publications in chronological order:


Buildings are important contents in the private gardens in Beijing, with various forms including hall, study, pavilion, tower, gaily-painted pleasure-boat, theatre, altar and shrine and so on. The gardens have facilities like door, corridor, bridge, and wall of various forms. All of them were constructed according to the north administrational style of architecture, so that these gardens are widely different from the ones in South China in their fine materials, elegant shape, rich colors, and well integration with plants. Based on a lot of examples, the characters of the buildings in the private gardens in Beijing are analyzed, and their general style is explored and summarized.


Viscoelastic properties of urethane and ester conjugation cardo polymers that contain fluorene group, 9,9-bis(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)fluorene (BPEF), were investigated. As for the urethane-type cardo polymers containing BPEF in the main chain, it had a high glass-transition temperature (Tg), which was observed as the α dispersion on viscoelastic measurement, and its temperature depended on the chemical structure of the spacing unit, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene dicycloexyl diisocyanate (CMDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). Moreover, the Tg of urethane-type cardo copolymers with various cardo contents increased with an increase of cardo content. Owing to the increase of Tg of cardo polymers, another molecular motion can be measured at the temperature between the α and β dispersion that was assigned to the molecular motion of urethane conjugation unit around 200 K, and it was referred to as the αsub dispersion. The peak temperature of the αsub dispersion was influenced by the chemical structure of the spacing unit, but it did not change for the cardo polymer containing the same spacing unit. Consequently, it was deduced that the αsub dispersion was originated in the subsegmental molecular motions of the cardo polymers. Ester-type cardo polymer had higher Tg in comparison with noncardo polymer that consisted of dimethyl groups (BPEP) instead of BPEF as well. The αsub dispersion was also measured at the temperature between the α and β dispersion, which was assigned to the molecular motion of ester conjugation unit, around 220 K. For ester cardo polymer, the γ dispersion was measured in a low-temperature region around 140 K, and it was due to a small unit motion in the ester-type cardo polymers, such as ethoxyl unit, C2H4O. Moreover, the intensity of the γ dispersion of noncardo polymer was higher than that of cardo polymer, which means the molecular motion was much restricted by the cardo structure of BPEF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2259–2268, 2005


A series of bis(dienyl)beryllium and bis(dienyl)zinc compounds were prepared by metal exchange reaction from seven different dienyl anions and were isolated as crystals of TMEDA complexes. Bis(dienyl)beryllium compounds of open chain structure obtained from pentadienyl, 2-methylpentadienyl, and 3-methylpentadienyl anions assume the terminally σ-bonded (E)-2,4-pentadienyl structure in solution as evidenced by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies. Hydrolysis of these compounds gave 1,4-dienes regioselectively. The corresponding bis(dienyl)zinc compounds exist as a (Z), (E) mixture of teminally σ-bonded structures. An X-ray analysis of pentadienylzinc chloride·TMEDA complex showed that it had terminally σ-bonded (E)-2,4-pentadienyl structure with s-trans conformation. Steric effect of two methyl substituents in bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)zinc induces the (Z) configuration which leads to the fluxional behavior by rapid 1,5-rearrangement above −80 °C.


Doppler effect leads to the distortion of the wide-band underwater acoustic (UWA) communication signal. It brings frequency offset to the signal carrier. Simultaneously, the UWA signal length is compressed or broadened. For the UWA communication with a large relative velocity, the influence of Doppler effect is more prominent. This paper presents a method of Doppler tracking and symbol synchronization for movable M-ary spread spectrum (MSS) communication system, which provides a solution for mobile spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication with variable Doppler and large environmental noise. Using a large time bandwidth product of the spread spectrum code carrying information, the Doppler estimation is realized by searching the frequency of M spread spectrum codes within a certain range, and the next symbol is synchronously corrected in the time domain according to the estimation results. This method does not need the re-sampling operation for Doppler compensation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate and track the rapidly changing Doppler, and is suitable for mobile spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication. Compared with the conventional M-ary spread spectrum method, it is more robust.


despite of extensive researches for decades, there are many unclear aspects for recrystallization phenomenon in the cold rolled ni-based alloys. hence, different thermal cycles were conducted in order to determine microstructural evolutions and its effect on the magnetic and mechanical properties of a 90% cold-rolled thin sheet of a Ni-Fe-Cu-Mo alloy (~80 μm). The obtained results revealed that the recrystallization was started at a temperature of 550°C and was completed after 4 hours. An increase in the number of annealing twins was observed with an increase in annealing temperature, which was due to a bulging and long-range migration of grain boundaries during the discontinuous recrystallization. ordering transformation occurred in the temperature range of 400-600°C and as a result, hardness, yield strength, and UTS were increased, while with an increase in the annealing temperature these mechanical properties were decreased. Maximum toughness was obtained by annealing at 550°C for 4 hours, while the highest elongation was obtained after annealing at 1050°C, where other mechanical properties including toughness, hardness, yield strength, and UTS were decreased due to the grain growth and secondary recrystallization. Moreover, coercivity and remanence magnetization were decreased from 4.5 oe and 3.8 emu/g for the cold rolled sample to below 0.5 oe and 0.15 emu/g for the sample annealed at 950°C, respectively.


Breast cancer is causing a significant increase in the number of deaths every year. It is the most common kind of cancer and the leading cause of death in women all over the world. Any improvement in cancer illness prediction and detection is critical for a healthy life. As a result, high accuracy in cancer prediction is critical for keeping patients' treatment and survival standards up to date. Machine learning and deep learning approaches, which have been shown to have a significant impact on the process of breast cancer prediction and early diagnosis, have become a research hotspot and have been proven to be a powerful technique. We went through one machine learning method, XGBoost and deep neural network in this research on the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnostic (WBCD) dataset. After getting the outcomes, these distinct classifiers' performance is evaluated and compared. The major goal of this research is to use machine-learning and deep learning algorithms to predict and diagnose breast cancer, and to determine which algorithms are the most efficient in terms of confusion matrix, precision, and accuracy.


The goal of this paper is to highlight the cross-sectoral importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and give the big picture of ICT in developing countries. This is done by presenting a number of successful implementations of ICT applications. The examples are organized according to a simple framework consisting of three layers, which are ICT infrastructure, sector applications and use of applications. The cases throughout the paper shall serve as a basis for creative thought and innovation in ICT in developing countries.


DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.4.29 Abstract: The main objective of this study was concerned and focussed on the level of depression and stress in criminals and noncriminal women. In this study 150 samples were selected through accidental sampling. For measuring the level of depression and stress, Mental Depression Scale (MDS) and Personal Stress Source Inventory (PSSI) were used. Findings suggested that the level of depression and stress in criminal women is more than non-criminal women. It means that criminals suffer from so many negative emotions and thoughts that's why they commit crime or involved in antisocial activities. In high level of stress and depression a person does not able to take decisions in right ways. This research work focused to find out these areas and dimensions of stress and depression.


For a long time history of the origin and evolution of printing in France has drawn attention of the specialists in the field of book culture research. However, in this work ISTC (Incunabula Short Title Catalogue) becomes a source for the research into the history of book-printing for the first time. The article is dedicated to the history of developing book-printing in the city of Lyons, one of the biggest publishing center of France in the 15 th century. With the help of data which were received by means of advanced search in the ISTC, new evidences of printers' activities in Lyons and the kinds of books published by them were found. The analysis of this information reveals the main tendencies in the development of printing in Lyons in 15 th century and displays a wide range of its peculiarities.


Although ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) surgery is most widely used surgical treatment for patients with hydrocephalus, postoperative complications are unexpectedly frequent and variable. We present a rare case of retrograde bacterial meningitis due to colonic penetration by the peritoneal shunt tube. A 61-year-old man had a VP shunt catheter inserted for secondary hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Twelve years later, he exhibited headache and fever, and was admitted to our hospital. Following diagnosis of the shunt infection, he was to undergo shunt removal surgery. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) before surgery demonstrated that the peritoneal tip of the shunt tube was in the ascending colon. The shunt system was carefully removed by exploratory laparotomy, and his postoperative course was uneventful without shunt reconstruction. Bowel perforation is a rare compilation of VPS, but it may be fatal if it progresses to meningitis. As such bowel perforation often remain asymptomatic, routine CTs may be necessary.


In digital evolution, self-replicating computer programs-digital organisms-experience mutations and selective pressures, potentially producing computational systems that, like natural organisms, adapt to their environment and protect themselves from threats. Such organisms can help guide the design of computer software.


This research is motivated by the lack of understanding of students on colloidal concepts in chemistry learning and the absence of chemistry student workbook based problem solving. In this study a chemistry student workbook based problem solving design was designed to support learning in colloid lesson. It was a Research and Development (R&D) method with Borg and Gall design. This research was administrated at State Senior High School 1 Salo. Subject of this research were Media design experts, Learning lesson experts, chemistry teachers and tenth student at the tweleve grade of MIPA. Object of this research were chemistry student workbook based problem solving on colloid lesson. The instruments of this research were questionnaire of validity test by the experts and questionnaire of practicality test by teacher and students. Student workbook was good if it was valid and practice aspect quality. Validity and practicality could be seen from the result of validity and practicality by using validity and practicalities sheets. The level percentage of validity was 91.5% (Very valid) and level of practicality was 87.72% (Very practice). From the identifiy result that student workbook testing was good and practice to be an additional teaching material for teachers at school.


December 2020 | Volume 38 | Issue 2 | Page 110 Abstract | During the survey of soil and plant-parasitic nematodes of vegetable and fruit crops of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, seven new species and one new record of following species were recovered: Helicotylenchus siddiqii sp. nov. from soil around roots of Glycine max L. Miller, from Kashmir University Campus, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. fotedariensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis L. from Zadibal, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. harwaniensis sp. nov. from soil around roots of Lycopersicum esculentum Miller, in Harwan, Srinagar, Kashmir; H. mushtaqi sp. nov. from soil around roots of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. in Darbagh, Harwan, Kashmir; Pratylenchus badamwariensis sp. nov. from the roots of Prunus amygdalus Batsch, in Badarnwari, Hawal, Srinagar, Kashmir; Boleodorus seshadrii sp. nov. from soil around roots of Glycine max (L) Miller, in Aru, Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir; Macroposthonia iqbali sp. nov. from soil around roots of Pyrus malus L., from Kashmir University Campus, Srinagar, Kashmir and Pratylenchus ekrami Bajaj and Bhatti, 1984 from the roots of Solanum tuberosum L. in Narwara, Srinagar, Kashmir represents a new record of this species from the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Morphological and morphometric details, line drawings along with description, characteristics, diagnosis and relationships of each new species with its closely related species are given. Zafar Ahmad Handoo1*, Mihail Radu Kantor1 and Ekramullah Khan2


An introduction is presented for an article in the issue examining how taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages in Mexico impacted public health.


From the cultural point of view, the Carpathian Basin resembled a mosaic during the circa 500 years of the Middle Bronze Age. Despite the fact that every community developed a specific material culture we still may speak about a so-called "tell society" in this period based on social and economical macro features. This is specific type of habitat in the region under study and the major part of the great Hungarian Plain, where a "cultural complex" characterized by the homogeneity of pottery and bronze metallurgy developed during the Middle Bronze Age.In the last decades, the problematic of the metallurgy of the Otomani communities became the subject of several archaeological studies written by Romanian scholars like Ivan Ordentlich, Nicolae Chidiosan, Tiberius Bader, Alexandru Vulpe etc. and colleagues from other countries too. Despite the undertaken research and the fact that the study of metallurgy was popular among Bronze Age scholars, a proper typological and chronological analysis of the discovered ar...


We present a general technique for analyzing the steady-state tracking performance of the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm for estimating Rayleigh fading channels in terms of the mean squared identification error (MSIE) or mean squared deviation (MSD). The technique may be used with a general-order vector-autoregressive (VAR) model. Numerical results obtained using the technique agree closely with experimental results.


The "Interpsychic" is a functional, presubjective level where two persons can exchange internal contents and experiences in a shared way, through the utilization of "normal" communicative projective identifications. Taking inspiration from every day life situations and from clinical vignettes, this paper explores the natural area of these human interchanges, in order to better understsand what happens during many important phases of the analytic work, when it works well enough. The concepts of Intrapsychic/Interpsychic, Self/Non-Self, Personnation/Depersonnation, and Psychoanalytic Empathy are involved, together with the metaphor of the "cat-flow" ("chatiere"), to describe the complexity of the exchanges between the interiors of two human beings when a real encounter and internal contact takes place.


AbstractIt is possible that sexist gender role standards are being perpetuated in the sex educator's classroom. The author asks for recognition that this may be a problem for healthy sexual communication, given some differences between male and female sexual socialization and resulting attitudes.


Objective To determine the prevalence of diabetes in 20~70 years old chinese population living in Huairou District of Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional population survey for diabetes was performed in Huairou District during July 2007 to August 2008. 1797 subjects participated the study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to determine the prevalence of diabetes. Results The overall prevalence rate of DM in this region was 10.2%, 10.7% in male, 9.9% in female. Standardized by the the country's population in 2007, prevalence rates were 9.7%, 10.2% and 9.3%. The prevalence in the urban area was higher than in rural areas (12.1% vs. 7.96%, X2 = 8.589,P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between prevalence rate of women in urban and rural areas (9.49% vs. 8.66%, X2 = 0.281,P = 0.596), The prevalence of urban males was significantly higher than that in rural areas (14.64% vs. 7.44%, X2 = 8.02,P = 0.005). Awareness of diabetes in urban and rural areas were both relatively low (35.2% vs. 33.3%, X2 = 0.069, P = 0.794). Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes in Huairou District is high. Compared with rural areas, in urban areas,the DM prevalence rate is higher, the peak incidence is earlier and the prevalence in urban males is increasing significantly. Awareness of diabetes is low, so it is very important to enhance the education.


Recently, there emerges a new kind of Web AR APP for brand advertising, which displays the brand-related content when a smartphone with the APP sees the brand's logo. However, the hand-crafted features used in these APPs usually lead to low recognition performance when used in a real environment. This is either because the target logo has less sharp edges and corner features which the hand-crafted schemes heavily depend on, or because some logos have larger intra-class variations and appear with different backgrounds. Some apps deal with this problem by just adding a button for the user to skip the phase of logo recognition. But this dramatically reduces the attractiveness of the apps as well as the advertisement effect. We promote an elegant solution to tackle the challenge of brand logo recognition. Thus, we propose a new CNN-based logo recognition scheme with a novel data enhancement strategy bias towards a single logo. We adapted the well-known CNN LeNet-5 to learn only two classes: the target logo and its best accompanying logo. Specifically, we utilized shape context as a measurement for characterizing the similarity between the target logo and other logos. Based on the similarity, the best accompanying dataset is generated for training the target logo. The experimental results show that the recall of our scheme surpasses hand-crafted feature based methods such as SIFT by 10% on real images while maintaining the same level of precision.


A prison setting was used to examine self-report and biochemical evidence of architecturally mediated crowding stress. Further, the relationship among illness complaints, perceived crowding, and urinary catecholamines was explored. Inmates of a federal corrections institution provided urine samples assayed for epinephrine and norepinephrine, and they supplied self-report data on their perceptions of crowding. Infirmary records were reviewed for each inmate's health history. Inmates resided in one of three housing types that varied in degree to which privacy and crowding were afforded. Housing type with the lowest social density was a private cell, while open dormitories had the highest. An intermediate level of social density was represented by inmates in partitioned dormitories or cubicles. Lower levels of social density were expected to be associated with lower perceived crowding, lower levels of urinary catecholamines, and fewer health complaints. Across all inmates, perceived crowding was positively correlated with levels of urinary catecholamines. Single cell inmates reported less crowding and exhibited lower levels of urinary catecholamines than


The present invention provides an immunological reagent strip sample pad drying method and apparatus. The apparatus comprising: a body comprising at least two drying tunnel housing, each of which comprises a housing inlet and outlet; wherein the path comprises a sample is set by the rotary movement of the wheel at each receiving pad in the housing; the in the first case than the second path of the path in the housing; wherein, without substantial air flow between said two casing. Using the apparatus and method of the present invention for drying the sample pad uniformly distributed chemical reagents, high processing efficiency, while saving energy.


ABSTRACT This article elaborates upon the concept of speculative urbanism and the theory of accumulation by dispossession by delving into the recent history of the transformation of Bengaluru (formerly Bangalore) India into a global city. It explains how the conversion of rural land into urban real estate for 'global-city' projects triggered distinct forms of dispossession and financialization. The shifting practices of global finance capital along with its national and local partners have created the conditions for widespread dispossession of rural producers and the financialization of the regional economy, a phenomenon identified here as 'dispossession by financialization'.


From Cold War competition to a business model The development of global satellite navigation was sparked by the Cold War competition between the USA and the USSR, which led to the birth of GPS and GLONASS. The concept of satellite navigation was created in the 1960s. In 1963, Aerospace Corporation in the USA began a study on a space-based satellite navigation system. At that time, the concept of GPS had already been developed [1]. By the mid 1960s, a similar research program had started in the Soviet Union. In a few years, both programs resulted in first satellite launches. In May 1967, the USA launched the first navigation satellite for the US Navy satellite system Timation. This satellite system provided a foundation for GPS. In November of the same year, the USSR launched the first Soviet navigation satellite, Kosmos-192, which transmitted navigation signals on 150 and 400 MHz. In 1973, the NAVSTAR GPS program began, and in the following year the first NAVSTAR satellite was launched. The first GLONASS satellite, Kosmos-1413, was launched nine years later, in 1982. GLONASS started to be used by the international geodetic community in 1987.


A synthesis of thebaine is described where the C-1 position is labelled with tritium to specific activity of 16 Ci/mmole. From codeine (2), 1-iodocodeine (3) was prepared and converted to 1-iodothebaine (7) in 3 steps. The subsequent key reaction was the selective hydrogenolysis of the carbon-iodine bond in 7 in the presence of the dienic-enol ether system. Using 10% Pd/C as catalyst, the desired reaction occurs in about 80% yield.


Coagulation is a very important process in rapid filtration system for effective removal of turbidity and organic matters in the sequential sedimentation and filtration processes. The purpose of this research is to find both coagulant consumption factors and to determine coagulant dosing equation with characteristics of water. Many coagulation factors are proposed such as pH, alkalinity, TOC, temperature, velocity gradient, mixing time, among these factors we have studied on the alkalinity and natural organic matter (NOM) as humic acid in pH 7.0∼7.5 value using two different coagulants; poly sulfate organic-magnesium (PSO-M) and poly aluminium chloride silicate (PACS). The results for coagulants consumption rates with alkalinity and NOM concentration showed that the dosing equation of PSO-M and PACS is as 10^((0.722log(alk)+0.00497)), 10^((1.06log(alk)-1.0)) for alkalinity and 6.1 ㎎/1, 5.l㎎/l for NOM, respectively.


The frequency and epidemiology of sporadic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was studied in adult urban population. The diagnosis of NANB hepatitis was made on the basis of exclusion by serological markers of acute viral hepatitis A and B and other aetiological factors. A frequency of 77.16 % of NANB hepatitis was found in adults in Northern Pakistan which ranks as one of the highest in the world. The faecal oral route is considered to be the most likely method of spread of sporadic NANB hepatitis in Northern Pakistan due to poor hygienic conditions prevailing in the country (JPMA 37: 190, 1987).


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic,recurrent and inflammatory skin disease characterized by increased serum IgE levels,predominance of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) immune response,and elevated susceptibility to various pathogenic microorganisms.Studies have shown that there are two kinds of dendritic cells,including inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDECs) and Langerhans cells,in AD lesions.IDECs specifically exist in inflammatory skin disease,and are exclusively expressed in inflamed skin.Moreover,activated IDECs may release various inflammatory cytokines and chemotactic factors,and gradually disappear after the control of dermatitis.In the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis,IDECs not only play important roles in the maintenance and progression of inflammation,but also are associated with the shift from Th2 to Th1 immune response in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis.

Key words:
Dermatitis, atopic;  Dendritic cells;  Receptors, IgE;  Receptors, histamine H4


Background and purpose:  In vitro studies demonstrate that cannabinoid CB1 receptors subserve activity‐dependent suppression of inhibition in the neocortex. To examine this mechanism in vivo, we assessed the effects of local changes in CB1 receptor activity on somatosensory cortex neuronal activation by whisker movement in rats.


Abstract : Instrumentation for measuring large, high strain rate strains with foil type resistance strain gages was designed, constructed, and evaluated in terms of signal to noise ratio, strain rate response characteristics, and overall accuracy of measurement. Complete design procedures and component specifications for the Wheatstone bridge, pulsed power supply, and control circuit, as well as calibration and data reduction procedures are included. The apparatus has a signal to noise ratio up to six times that which can be obtained with conventional strain gage signal conditioning equipment, and can measure to plus/minus 0.20 strain at strain rates up to 10 to the 4th power s to the -1 power over a 35 to 200 microsecond sample time. Pulsed power density limits for annealed constantant foil strain gages were also investigated and are reported.


The body temperatures of basking Euphydryas aurinia Rott. (Nymphalidae) larvae were measured using thermistor probes under field conditions. These showed that basking larvae could elevate their body temperatures to well above ambient. Under conditions of low ambient temperature but high solar radiation intensity, the temperature excess (i.e. observed body temperature minus ambient) of basking larvae can attain 30'C. Increases in body temperature were positively correlated with periods of high solar radiation intensity. The contribution of larval colour and behaviour is discussed.


Spectroscopic Properties of Silicon-Sulfur-Compounds with at least one Si-S-bound – A Review

Bond lenghts, bond angles and 29Si-NMR data are tabulated. If possible this parameters are discussed on the bases of covalent radii, electronegativities and other general properties.

Qualitative estimations of 29Si-NMR shifts as a function of series of compounds, as a function of ring-size and by comparison with homologous Si-O compounds are suggested. Observations of contrarotating effects of 29Si-NMR shifts in organosubstituted Si-O and Si-S molecules as compared to their hydrogensubstituted counterparts are discussed briefly.


Background: In low-resource settings (LRS), a COVID-19 severity scoring tool could ensure timely access to appropriate care and guide use of critically limited resources. We systematically evaluated existing literature for associations between COVID-19 illness severity, and historical characteristics, clinical presentations, and investigations measurable in LRS.

Methods: A systematic review of four databases from December 01, 2019 to June 01, 2020 identified all studies assessing potential associations between clinical characteristics and investigations, and illness severity. Data for all variables that were statistically analysed in relation to COVID-19 disease severity were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted to generate pooled estimates of odds ratios (pORs). This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020178098).

Findings: Of 8402 relevant articles, 79 were eligible for inclusion, analysing 27713 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. A total of 202 features were analysed in relation to COVID-19 severity. Of these, 81 were deemed feasible for assessment in LRS: appropriate data were available for meta-analysis of 44 (54·3%). Meta-analysis identified 19 significant predictors of severe COVID-19, including: stroke (pOR: 3.08 (95% CI [1.95, 4.88])), shortness of breath (pOR: 2·78 (95% CI [2·24-3·46])), and chronic kidney disease (pOR: 2.55 (95% CI [1.52-4.29])). I 2 testing suggested substantial heterogeneity across samples.

Interpretation: We identified multiple variables predictive of severe COVID-19. Due to the novelty of the disease, there is currently no prognostication tool purpose-designed and validated for LRS. Findings may inform such a tool that can offer guidance on clinical treatment and disposition, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality due to the pandemic.

Funding: No funding was received for this study.

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.


The present design is one that that relates to a neck pillow to be used during relax attached to the neck, especially designed to be that the function of the neck pillow, as well as features of the hanger neck pillow designed to have a variety of functions. Devised] To achieve the above object, so by injecting air that shape the hanger mounting portion integral with the formed neck pillows, car within indoors neck pillow outdoors function as well as a hanger features a neck pillow a variety will be more.


With the advancement in control of photovoltaic inverters, reactive power support is one of the advanced features which is expected from an inverter. Reactive power is injected into the grid during a faulty condition to regain stability. However, during the process of reactive power injection, the semiconductor switches and DC link capacitor witness additional power losses which lead to a rise in junction temperature and increasing strain. In this paper, the impact of reactive power injection on inverter components is studied. The thermal analysis of semiconductor switches and DC link capacitors on the base of the mission profile is performed. The lifetime analysis is performed on different components present in the inverter along with periodic reactive power injection. The result is further compared with inverter lifetime estimation without considering the reactive power injection to analyze the impact on inverter life due to reactive power injection.


Results of room-temperature experiments with a multiple-quantum-well, nonlinear, contradirectional coupler are reported. A power-dependent, contradirectional coupling condition is demonstrated, inducing an optically controlled switching of optical signals, with a switching energy of 1 pJ.


Even within the context of MRI, the term "myocardial tissue characterization" could encompass a wide variety of techniques. In this presentation, the focus will be entirely on those methods designed to evaluate myocardium based on magnetic resonance relaxation times T1 (pre- and post-contrast), T2, and T2*. These relaxation time constants that form the basis for image contrast in many pulse sequences can be sensitive indicators of pathological changes in the myocardium, as they are for most tissues of the body. While the basic concepts behind T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted imaging of the heart have been in place for a number of years, there has been a recent resurgence of interest in techniques designed to quantify and map myocardial relaxation times on a pixel-by-pixel basis. These quantitative methods have led to improved techniques to evaluate global as well as regional changes in myocardial tissue. This talk will cover the basic techniques utilized for T1- and T2-weighted imaging of the heart, as well as more recently described methods for quantitative relaxation time parameter mapping. Late Gadolinium Enhancement Imaging It was recognized in animal experiments in the early 1980's that regions of infarcted myocardium demonstrated higher signal than viable tissue in T1-weighted spin echo images acquired several minutes after injection of gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent. This concept formed the basis for myocardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) imaging [1] that has found widespread clinical application in recent years. Most Gd contrast agents behave similarly; they rapidly diffuse across the capillary membranes and into the interstitial space, but do not penetrate intact viable cell membranes. LGE imaging of the heart is typically performed from 5 to 30 minutes after contrast injection. During this time, the contrast agent reaches a quasi-equilibrium state, although with slow continual washout if no additional agent is infused. It has been shown that the equilibrium volume of distribution of Gd is higher in acutely necrotic myocardium and chronic scar tissue than in viable myocardium [2]. It is hypothesized that the density of intact cells in viable tissue leaves less space for the contrast agent to distribute than in regions of tissue containing ruptured cell membranes or collagenous scar. As a result, the relative concentration of Gd per gram of tissue is higher in necrotic and fibrotic regions than in viable myocardium [3]. The T1 shortening effect of Gd is proportional to concentration, thus regions of myocardium with higher Gd concentration exhibit a shorter T1 and appear brighter on T1-weighted images. Myocardial pre-contrast T1 is approximately 977 ms; 15 minutes after injection of 0.15 mmol/kg Gd, the T1 of viable myocardium is approximately 500 ms, while the T1 of infarcted myocardium is typically less than 400 ms [4], although these values vary depending on dose and the time elapsed since injection [5]. This T1 difference is the basic mechanism exploited by the LGE technique to differentiate non-viable from viable myocardial tissue.


SUMMARY During 2008 experiments were conducted to improve the selectivity of round-fish from gears used by Scottish Nephrops trawlers targeting North Sea grounds. The main aims of these selectivity trials were to assess the differences in performance between square mesh panels (SMPs) placed in the straight extension or in the taper, between 110 and 120 mm SMPs, and between gears towed by vessels of different horsepower. Results demonstrated that compared to an 80 mm codend with no SMP, all cases with an SMP improved the selection of haddock and whiting. Increasing the mesh size of the SMP from 110 mm to 120 mm in the straight extension of the net rather than the tapered section improved the selection of whiting and was sometimes shown to improve the selection of haddock. Catches of haddock or whiting were not affected by the power of the vessel.


Multi-thread programming using OpenMP on the shared-memory architecture with hyperthreading technology allows the resource to be accessed by multiple processors simultaneously. Each processor can execute more than one thread for a certain period of time. However, its speedup depends on the ability of the processor to execute threads in limited quantities, especially the sequential algorithm which contains a nested loop. The number of the outer loop iterations is greater than the maximum number of threads that can be executed by a processor. The thread distribution technique that had been found previously only be applied by the high-level programmer. This paper generates a parallelization procedure for low-level programmer in dealing with 2-level nested loop problems with the maximum number of threads that can be executed by a processor is smaller than the number of the outer loop iterations. Data preprocessing which is related to the number of the outer loop and the inner loop iterations, the computationa...


The author inquiries into the relation between the Taiping Rebellion and Taoism and the influence of the traditional culture upon the Taiping Rebellion by analyzing the adoration object of the Bai Shang Di Jiao, its religious rites and religious regulations, in order to get more explicit understanding on the religious substance of "The Bai Shang Di Jiao".


The article deals with non-thermal effects of mobile phones on biological objects. Even though these effects are observed for longer period, there are not so far unequivocal results on obtained biological and biophysical results in this field. Biologicaleffects of electromagnetic field (EMF) depend on its character, its duration as well as on features of organism. As the receptors offield are not known (e.g. inputs of EMF into organism), its effects are judged only by non-specific reaction of organism. With high frequencyand microwave fields are relatively the most clarified thermal effects, but effect of EMF mobile phones on central nervous system, cardio-vascular, blood and immune system are ascribed to non-thermal effects, e.g. longer standing exposures of fields with relative low power level. Neither these, nor genetic or carcinogen effects of mobile phones have been so far unequivocally proved and acknowledged.


......................................................................................................................9 Tiivistelmä ................................................................................................................11 List of original publications ...................................................................................13 Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................14 1.  Introduction ......................................................................................................15 2. Review of the literature ....................................................................................17 2.1. Eating disorders ........................................................................................17 2.1.1. Eating disorders: a historical perspective ..................................17 2.1.2. Defi nitions ......................................................................................18 2.1.3. Epidemiology ................................................................................21 2.1.4. Correlates .......................................................................................22 2.1.5. Comorbidity and risk factors ......................................................24 2.2. Recovery in eating disorders ...................................................................26 2.2.1. Assessment of core symptoms ....................................................27 2.2.2. Clinical recovery ............................................................................29 2.2.3. Assessment of specifi c outcomes ................................................31 2.3. Reproductive health in eating disorders ...............................................31 2.3.1. Assessment of reproductive health ............................................31 2.3.2. Reproduction in eating disorders: biological and psychological background ...........................................................32 2.3.3. Reproductive health outcomes in eating disorders .................35 2.4. Psychological outcomes in eating disorders .........................................38 2.4.1. Psychological health and body weight ......................................38 2.4.2. Psychological outcomes ..............................................................39 2.5. Framework of the study ...........................................................................41 3. Aims of the study ..............................................................................................42 4. Methods ..............................................................................................................43 4.1. Participants ................................................................................................43 4.1.1. Clinical sample ..............................................................................43 4.1.2. FinnTwin16 ....................................................................................45 4.2. Measures ....................................................................................................46 4.2.1. Clinical sample ..............................................................................46 4.2.2. FinnTwin16 ....................................................................................48 4.2.3. Screening for eating disorders in FinnTwin16 ..........................50 CONTENTS 4.3. Statistical methods ....................................................................................51 4.3.1. General descriptive methods .......................................................51 4.3.2. Regression models ........................................................................51 4.3.3. Survival models .............................................................................52 5. Results .................................................................................................................53 5.1. Clinical recovery and body weight ........................................................53 5.1.1. Clinical recovery ............................................................................53 5.1.2. Body weight ...................................................................................53 5.2. General reproductive health outcomes .................................................54 5.2.1. Parity ...............................................................................................54 5.2.2. Pregnancies ....................................................................................54 5.2.3. Miscarriages ...................................................................................55 5.2.4. Induced abortions .........................................................................56 5.2.5. Infertility treatments .....................................................................56 5.3. Pregnancy, obstetric and perinatal health outcomes ...........................57 5.3.1. Pregnancy outcomes .....................................................................57 5.3.2. Obstetric outcomes .......................................................................59 5.3.3. Perinatal health outcomes ............................................................59 5.4. Psychological and social outcomes ........................................................60 5.4.1. Psychological well-being and body weight ..............................60 5.4.2. General psychological outcomes in eating disorders ..............60 5.4.3. Time-dependent trends in psychological outcomes ...............61 5.4.4. Comorbidity ...................................................................................63 5.4.5. Social outcomes .............................................................................63 6. Discussion ...........................................................................................................64 6.1. Summary of the fi ndings .........................................................................64 6.2. Clinical recovery .......................................................................................64 6.3. Reproductive health outcomes ...............................................................65 6.4. Psychological outcomes ...........................................................................68 6.5. Methodological considerations ...............................................................70 6.6. Conclusions and implications .................................................................72 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................73 References ................................................................................................................75


: Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of disability and death worldwide. Effective prevention remains the best approach for reducing the burden of stroke. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of stroke risk factors and the possible relation between such risk factors and the disease severity. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil hospital Karachi during June 2019 to March 2020. The data was collected from 150 patients of stroke. All subjects were subjected to history taking, clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation. Stroke severity and disability were evaluated by National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) respectively. Results: Hypertension was detected in 104 patients (62.3%), dyslipidemia was detected in 46 patients (58.1%). Diabetes mellitus was detected in 58 patients (34.7%) with high prevalence of cardio-embolic risk factor, 36 patients (21.6%) had rheumatic heart, and 44 patients (26.3%) had atrial fibrillation. Disease severity score was significantly higher in patients with age > 45 years old (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), cardio-embolic risk factor (P = 0.044), and carotid stenosis ≥ 50% (P = 0.017). Conclusions: It is concluded that the most common risk factor for stroke was hypertension followed by dyslipidemia and then smoking with higher incidence of rheumatic heart diseases due to lowered living conditions. Age, hypertension, cardio-embolic risk factors, and carotid stenosis ≥ 50% have negative impact on stroke severity and disability.


This study aims to determine the effect of Leadership Style, Work Environment and Compensation on employee job satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. This research was conducted with quantitative methods. The target population in this study were all employees at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo, totaling 122 employees. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire with a sample of 103 people. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 22 for windows. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that there was an influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment and Compensation on Job Satisfaction at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo. The implementation of the results of this research analysis is as input for the company on the subject matter that has been adapted to the existing theory.


In this lesson you will be introduced to the concept of 'Natural Justice'. Natural Justice in simple terms means the minimum standards or principles which the administrative authorities should follow in deciding matters which have the civil consequences. There are mainly two Principles of Natural Justice which every administrative authority should follow whether or not these are specifically provided in the relevant Acts or rules. Principles are:


Alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPARs) are the primary mediators for inter‐neuronal communication and play a crucial role in higher brain functions including learning and memory. Our previous work demonstrated that AMPARs are subject to ubiquitination by the E3 ligase Nedd4, resulting in EPS15‐mediated receptor internalization and Ubiquitin (Ub)–proteasome pathway (UPP)‐dependent degradation. Protein ubiquitination is a highly dynamic and reversible process, achieved via the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination. However, deubiquitination of mammalian AMPARs and the responsible deubiquitinating enzymes remain elusive. In this study, we identify USP46 as the deubiquitinating enzyme for AMPARs. We find that AMPARs are subject to K63 type ubiquitination, and USP46 is able to deubiquitinate AMPARs in vivo and in vitro. In heterologous cells and neurons, expression of USP46 results in a significant reduction in AMPAR ubiquitination, accompanied by a reduced rate in AMPAR degradation and an increase in surface AMPAR accumulation. By contrast, knockdown of USP46 by RNAi leads to elevated AMPAR ubiquitination and a reduction in surface AMPARs at synapses in neurons. Consistently, miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents recordings show reduced synaptic strength in neurons expressing USP46‐selective RNAi. These results demonstrate USP46‐mediated regulation of AMPAR ubiquitination and turnover, which may play an important role in synaptic plasticity and brain function.


AbstractThis article explores the construction of Iraq as lyric object in the poetry of Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb, Mahmūd Darwīsh, Sadī Yūsuf, and Sinān Antūn. I argue that there is a clear sense of ambivalence for these poets over how to represent Iraq; the country emerges in their verse as both an unmarred idyll and as a landscape of wretchedness and despair. In putting these Arabic works in dialogue with the anti-war poems of the American writer Brian Turner, I suggest the ways in which comparative analysis between these two canons can help us move beyond nostalgic representations of Iraq and the U.S. as civilizational others, and push us toward more constructive forms of cross-cultural exchange.


Objective To investigate the genetic association between KPNB3 gene in chromosome 13q32 and schizophrenic phenotypes in Han population from North China. Methods Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood samples.A single nucleotide polymorphism,rs626716 (Pst I site) present in the KPNB3 gene,was detected using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis among 752 Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia (case group) and 909 ethnicity-matched healthy controls (control group).The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for genotypic distribution was estimated by the goodness-of-fit χ2 test.The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of KPNB3 gene and the relationship between allelic frequencies and the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia were statistically computed. Results The goodness-of-fit χ2 test showed that the genotypic distributions of rs626716 were not deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both case group and control group (P0.05).The χ2 test did not show allelic association and genotypic association for rs626716 (P0.05).There were no correlations between allelic or genotypic frequencies and the clinical phenotypes of schizophrenia (P0.05). Conclusion rs626716 locus may not be associated with schizophrenic phenotypes,but the correlation between the other SNPs locus at KPNB3 gene and schizophrenia could not be ruled out.


Given the rise in transnational problems and the inadequacy of the old, intergovernmental system, scholars are searching for a new, post-cold war global architecture. The 2001 anti-terrorism coalition presents a new architecture - the semi-empire - which is dominated by one nation (or a small group of nations) that pressures other nations to follow the course it sets, and has a limited number of missions. The article explores the possibility that the coalition could expand to tackle other transnational problems besides terrorism. Given the coalition's lack of scope and legitimacy, other options are explored that might be more effective and legitimate. The alternatives turn out to be either based on the old system (e.g. transgovernmental agencies), unrealistic except in the very long term (a global nation), or implausible (e.g. a global constitutional assembly). The article argues that an expanded coalition, or semi-empire, might gradually become more effective and legitimate over time.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the loading properties of the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD) in a new nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC), evaluating its bioaccessibility in gastric and intestinal simulated physiological media. CBD has a low water solubility, as well as high instability in simulated physiological conditions and in the acidic media, which results in a very low bioavailability—less than 6%. NLCs containing CBD (10 mg/mL), Compritol 888 ATO, Lauroglycol 90, Labrafil 2125, Tween 20, and Poloxamer 188 were formulated. This resulted in them being suitable for oral administration because the size was less than 200 nm, polydispersity index 0.152, and ζ-potential −39.21 ± 1.89 mV. Recovery and encapsulation efficiency were 100% and 93%, respectively. After two hours of incubation in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), NLCs remained unchanged, protecting CBD from acidic medium. Indeed, CBD is also reported to be not stable in media with pH = 7.4 at 37 °C, but our studies evidenced that in the presence of the intestinal fluid, the NLC was digested and formed an emulsion, which can protect and preserve the CBD chemical structure, as confirmed by the 100% recovery found after six hours. Accordingly, CBD-loaded NLCs are a promising oral formulation that optimize bioaccessibility in the small intestine.


Proceedings of the Planning Workshop For the Establishment of the Asian Component of a Global Network on Tropical and Subtropical Soybeans : Chiang Mai, Thailand, 2-7 March 1992 , Proceedings of the Planning Workshop For the Establishment of the Asian Component of a Global Networ... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Context and technology have significantly shaped architectural design throughout history, with contextuality playing a vital role in assigning meaning to designs. In light of computational tools and algorithms that revolutionize architectural design, enabling intricate and complex building geometries within shorter timeframes and heightened efficiency, this study aims to underscore the potential of algorithmic façade design. It focuses on contextual integration, utilizing the Newari lattice window as a foundational element for design exploration. The study employed computational modeling with parametric tools, scripting, and generative algorithms to create digital models that reflect the Newari lattice window pattern and fractal geometry. It utilized Text-Based Language (TBLs) like Python and Visual-Based Language (VBLs) like Grasshopper for visual experimentation and precision. Demonstrated through the re-design of the façade of the existing commercial building, Civil Mall, a significant building in Kathmandu Valley's urban landscape, the research showcases algorithmic prowess in seamlessly integrating traditional Newari wisdom into intricate geometrical patterns. By transcending manual methods through recursion, iteration, randomness, and embracing unforeseen possibilities, the study establishes a foundational reference, enriching Nepal's architectural discourse beyond the traditional versus modern binary. This might be helpful in fostering a distinctive modern architectural language unique to Nepal. The study holds potential for further research on the prevailing traditional architectural forms and geometry in the country.


To evaluate color discrimination ability (CDA), stereoscopic acuity (SA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) by considering age factor and educational level in healthy individ- uals. This study was design as a prospective study. The study included 43 binocular healthy individuals (31 males; mean age, 25.79±6.83 years) without a color vision deficiency who were aged between ≥18 years and ≤40 years and had an educational level of secondary education or higher. The following tests/system were used: the Farnsworth Munsell 100 (FM100) hue test for CDA; the TNO and Titmus tests for SA; the automatized ClearChart® 2 Digital Acuity System for CS. Total error score (TES), blue-yellow (b-y) local error score (LES) and red- green (r-g) LES of the FM100 hue test were 25.40±20.89, 14.26±12.09 and 10.53±10.13, respectively. Stereo test scores were 52.33±43.35 arcsec and 43.02±9.14 arcsec for the TNO and Titmus tests, respectively. The logCS score was 2.5±0 at low- and mid-spatial frequencies and 3.84±1.92 at high-spatial frequency. In the correlation analyses, TNO test score was positively correlated with TES, b-y LES, and r-g LES (r=0.339, p=0.021; r=0.309, p=0.036; and r=0.308, p=0.037, respectively). The Titmus test score was positively correlated with TES, b-y LES, and r-g LES (r=0.575, p<0.001; r=0.539, p<0.001; and r=0.504 p<0.001, respectively). According to the study results, SA increased with increasing CDA and that b-y and r-g color zones contributed to this increment in the healthy adult group. Future large-scale studies would further illuminate both the topic and the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.


The fetal membrane is composed of amnion and chorion,cells with good plasticity and immunological tolerance can be segregated from this tissue.It draws great interest as a source of cells for generative medicine and cell therapy-based clinical applications.Fetal membrane is an affiliated tissue of the fetus,and is available easily without invasive procedures,and clinical use of it does not elicit ethical debate.Recently,numerous researches have reported the isolation and characterization procedure of the stem cells from the fetal membrane.The aim of this review is to summarize the cell isolation protocols and characteristics of these cells,as well as to provide preliminary indications of the use of these cells in future clinical applications.


The use of potentiostats for corrosion rate studies and activation polarization is very crucial because the weight loss method is limited in corrosion studies. However,commercial potentiostats are expensive for most end users. For these reasons, it was desirable to design and build an inexpensive field-portable potentiostat to interface with electrochemical cell.This paper presents theprocedure and design principles of a portable, digital and inexpensive potentiostat, its construction and testing.PROTEUS® software was used in the design of the different components of the potentiostatand simulation of the potentiostat circuit based on considerations of potentiostatic control and an output current of 0.01 to 1A. The potentiostat was tested in a corrosion cell in which a mild steel working electrode (WE) was immersed in 5%NaCl solution. Ag/AgCl reference electrode(RE) was used as well as a Pt counter electrode(CE). An open circuit potential (OCP) of -0.22 V, exchange current density (iomild steel,Fe/Fe) of 1.5 x 10 A/cm, standard potential of mild steel (Emildsteel) of – 0.42V and corrosion penetration rate(CPR) at io of 9.18 x 10cm/hr and Taffel β value of 0.13 V was obtained for mild steel in 5% NaCl solution. The values of OCP,io,E ,CPR and β were consistent with values obtained from literature.


The reaction between [Mo(CO)4(NO)(ClAlCl3)] and the sterically hindered diphosphanes (P∩P) 1,3-bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)propane (dippp, a), 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)ethane (dippe, b), 1,1′-bis(diisopropylphosphanyl)ferrocene (dippf, c) and 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)ethane (dcype, d) produced the chlorides [Mo(P∩P)(CO)2(NO)Cl] (1a–1d), which were transformed into the corresponding hydrides [Mo(P∩P)(CO)2(NO)H] (2a–2d) by reaction with LiBH4 in Et3N at room temperature. The molybdenum–THF complex [Mo(dippp)(CO)2(NO)(THF)][BArF4] [3a; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3], obtained by the reaction of 2a with [H(Et2O)2][BArF4], was exemplarily tested in the hydrogenation of the imine PhCH=N(α-naphthyl). Replacement of the [BArF4]– counterion by the more stable [B(C6F5)4]– anion greatly increased the catalytic activity. The use of in situ mixtures of the hydrides 2a–2d and [H(Et2O)2][B(C6F5)4] improved the hydrogenation activity. The hydride 2b in combination with [H(Et2O)2][B(C6F5)4] exhibited the highest TOF value of 123 h–1 in the reduction of PhCH=N(α-naphthyl). The hydrogenation of the imines PhCH=NPh, p-ClC6H4CH=NPh, p-ClC6H4CH=N-p-C6H4Cl, PhCH=NCH(Ph)2 and PhCH=NMes showed TOF values of 34, 74, 41, 18 and 84 h–1 at room temperatureand a H2 pressure of 30 bar. A mechanism for the ionic hydrogenation with "proton-before-hydride transfer" is anticipated.


In the current new era, people's requirements for film and television works have changed dramatically, and they have gradually developed into a full range of visual needs for film and television works. As an important part of ancient film and television dramas, fashion design can not only reflect the fashion designer's art. Catharsis, but also has a very important aesthetic value. However, as far as the current situation is concerned, there are still a series of problems in the design of ancient costumes in China's film and television dramas, such as the history of particulars, the lack of emphasis on the combination of classical and avant-garde and the combination of virtual and real. To this end, this paper first analyzes the role of ancient costume design in film and television works, and then puts forward innovative design measures based on the problem, in order to improve the ancient costume design level of China's film and television drama works.


Risk-taking behaviour by motorcyclists has been shown to contribute to a substantial proportion of road crashes in Australia and abroad. Concern has been expressed that traditional motorcycle licence training programs do not sufficiently address such behaviour. Accordingly, the Three Steps to Safer Riding program was developed to address risk taking behaviour by riders as an adjunct to existing skills-based rider training. The program was designed to be delivered in a one hour classroom session at the start of training, with a 20 minute debrief to revise the key concepts at the end of training. This paper reports on the key training concepts, methodology and implementation of the pilot program with a major rider training organisation in Queensland and presents findings from a process evaluation. The Three Steps to Safer Riding intervention pilot was delivered to 518 learner riders over a three month period. Follow-up focus groups and one interview with intervention participants (N=18) five to eight months after completion of the program suggest that new riders (absolute novices) embraced and internalised many of the intervention concepts. However, some riders who had previous riding experience prior to training stated these issues were common sense, yet still expressed riding styles that were contrary to some of the key intervention messages. This is discussed in terms of raising awareness of risk issues for motorcyclists versus behaviour change. Additionally, interviews conducted with riding instructors are discussed regarding logistical challenges of implementation, training consistency, skills required to deliver the program, support for the program, and student engagement.


In this study,the effects of pH,temperature and protein concentration on some key physicochemical properties of peanut peptides were investigated.Compared with peanut protein isolate,peanut peptides exhibited a significantly higher solubility at pH values 2~12 and temperature between 30℃ and 80℃.Peanut peptide had lower water holding and fat adsorption capacities,but showed better emulsifying capacity,foam capacity and foam stability over a wide range of protein concentrations(2~5g/100mL)than peanut protein isolate.In addition,peanut peptide exhibited higher in vitro antioxidant properties measured in terms of reducing power,scavenging of hydroxyl radical,and scavenging of DPPH radical.Overall,peanut peptide appeared to have better functional and antioxidant properties and hence has a good potential as main components in functional foods or health food or as a food additive.


Solution-derived poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) piezoelectric thin films on cellulose paper substrates were prepared as flexible power generators for wearable device applications. Optimization of appropriate annealing and cooling sequences of the co-polymer films resulted in the formation of dense and uniform microstructures exhibiting a well-developed β-phase. A maximum open-circuit voltage of 1.5 V was generated from the periodic bending and releasing of the paper power generator at approximately 1 Hz. To demonstrate the wearable applications, P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric film-based paper power generators were directly attached on the back of a human hand, and they generated a maximum output open-circuit voltage of 0.4 V at low bending frequencies of 0.25 Hz. Good open-circuit voltage performance at low frequencies makes P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric thin films on paper substrates a strong candidate for future self-powered wearable devices.


Plants produce a variety of natural products with highly diverse structures. These products are commonly termed "secondary metabolites" in contrast to the "primary metabolites" which are essential for plant growth and development. Secondary metabolites were formerly regarded as "waste products" without physiological function for the plant. The project was carried out to screen the leaves of Cleistopholis paten for their biological assay. The plant was sundried at a particular temperature to avoid the loss of active metabolites in the plant. The leaves of cleistopholis patens after being grinded was weighed soaked in an aspirator bottle for two weeks in the solvent chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol in order of their polarity. The extract was obtained by decantation using funnel and cotton wool and concentrated by air distillation. The crude extract were then expose to air and were left to dry off to remove the solvent and prevent decomposition. The crude extract of the solvent were then send for biological assay.


Background and Aim: Nurses experience many psychological problems during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak, and compare these problems in nurses based on gender, educational level, marital status and department. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive study conducted on 312 nurses working in hospitals in Malayer, Iran. who were selected using census method. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Scale for Suicidal Ideation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the collected data in SPSS v. 24 software. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Malayer University (Code: IR. MALAYERU. REC.1399.002).


Suitable chiral additives can render nonequivalent the n.m.r. spectra of the enantiomers of compounds chiral by virtue of 13C labelling, thereby allowing direct determination of the enantiomeric purities of these isotopic chiral compounds.


Aussie company UBIQ has produced an alternative to traditional interior and exterior cladding products which is robust, recyclable and suitable for both internal and external applications. Callum Fitzpatrick reports.


ABSTRACT: How often lightning strikes the Earth has been the object of interest and research for decades. Several authors estimated different global flash rates using ground-based instruments, but it has been the satellite era that enabled us to monitor lightning thunderstorm activity on the time and place that lightning exactly occurs. Launched into space as a component of NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, in November 1997, the Lighting Imaging Sensor (LIS) is still operating. LIS detects total lightning (i.e., intracloud and cloud-to-ground) from space in a low-earth orbit (35 o orbit). LIS has collected lightning measurements for 13 years (1998-2010) and here we present a fully revised and current total lightning climatology over the tropics. Our analysis includes the individual flash characteristics (number of events and groups, total radiance, area footprint, etc.), composite climatological maps, and trends for the observed total lightning during these 13 years. We have identified differences in the energetics of the flashes and/or the optical scattering properties of the storms cells due to cell-relative variations in microphysics and kinematics (i.e., convective or stratiform rainfall). On the climatological total lightning maps we found a dependency on the scale of analysis (resolution) in identifying the lightning maximums in the tropics. The analysis of total lightning trends observed by LIS from 1998 to 2010 in different temporal (annual and seasonal) and spatial (large and regional) scales, showed no systematic trends in the median to lower-end of the distributions, but most places in the tropics presented a decrease in the highest total lightning flash rates (higher-end of the distributions).


R.N. Bowles (see IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Symp. Rec., 1991, p.220) has derived the form of an electromagnetic pulse that has propagated, as a plane wave, in homogeneous sea water with an assumed frequency-independent conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability. These three parameters are assumed real. Bowles gives an integral representation for the waveform which includes the effect of displacement currents. The present author presents an alternative procedure. >


This essay explores the origins and functions of two national father figures, Bismarck and Garibaldi, in modern Italy and Germany. Although fundamentally different in character and political outlook, Bismarck and Garibaldi acquired the status of `fathers' of the nation due to their pre-eminent roles in bringing about national unification. The ways in which these father figures were portrayed shifted remarkably over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, testifying to the ability of both narratives to adapt to changing circumstances and even to different types of political rule. The divergent meanings attached to them were reflections of highly fragmented societies trying to establish historical continuities in times of profound and rapid historical change. Ultimately both men were employed by fascist dictatorships in an attempt to win over broader public support and to bolster the dictatorships' claims to historical legitimacy, but with varying degrees of success.


In view of arc suppression coil effect and dominant characteristic band difference, to solve alignment inaccuration problem of single-phase ground fault in resonant grounding power distribution system, with detail analysis of transient zero-sequence current in resonant grounding power distribution system characteristics, improved energy to alignment as a new method is proposed. Using transient zero-sequence current of feeders into MATLAB, and 1/4 of frequency cycle short window data is used to calculate short window energy. Then the short window energy is improved based on feeders' length. After comparing the improved energy by feeders, alignment is determined with principle of maximum wavelet packet energy of the improved fault line. A large number EMTP simulation results show that the method has a high detect line margin and is not affected by fault closing angle, fault distance, transition resistance, arc, system operating mode and other factors. Compared to classical energy alignment method, it is more rapid and accurate.


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Ants are notoriously good at finding the most direct route to food. Laying down volatile pheromones to guide their colleagues, ant colonies eventually home in on the most direct path as pheromone is lost from longer paths and added to more heavily used shorter routes. Finding the


This paper presents a novel sample and hold (S/H) circuit for improving charge leakage problem which leads to better linearity. Design of cascaded simple switch is a vital attribute in the proposed circuit. In this work, various sample and hold circuits are simulated using LTSPICE XVII, in 180nm TSMC technology and their performances are examined. The results show that the proposed design is a better choice for front end design of biomedical or sensor applications. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed cascaded S/H circuit with boosted driver consumes 2.02 nW of power at 1 V supply voltage. In addition, Signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) of 87.288 dB is achieved for 200 Hz input signal with 250 KS/s sampling rate.


Regorafenib is indicated for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have had previous treatment with multiple regimens. Here we report a 45 year old female who had carcinoma recto sigmoid and hemicolectomy with stage III disease. She had adjuvant chemotherapy with 12 cycles of FOLFOX regimen [June 2011 - December 2011] and relapsed after 7 months. Then she was treated with Irinotecan 5FU/LV/Avastin for 6 cycles as a second line. She had a 6 months PFS from July 2012 - December 2012]. From January 2013 to October 2013, she was on follow up and the USG abdomen and PET scan showed relapse of the disease and so she was started on regorifinib 160 mg OD as the third line since November 2013. After 2 weeks, she developed jaundice and hand foot syndrome and hence the dose was modified to 2 tablets/day. At this dose level she was tolerating it well and showed good clinical response. After 22 monthsrevaluation with CT scan, CEA showed progressive disease and hence chemotherapy was done again. She is in good performance status now with stage IV disease even after 50 Months from the diagnosis of stage IV cancer. Before the availability of these agents, the survival of these patients was less than 6 months. We emphasize that Regorifenib is an important role in the management of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer as a third line chemotherapy which has been approved by the US FDA.