I. 1 Historical overview The idea of a constitutional limitation of private property rights--and especially of the right to direct other people's work derived from this property--has a long tradition in Germany, starting as early as in the National Assembly of Frankfurt in 1848 (Paulskirche). The development of an institutionalized employee "codetermination" as a modification (or, as property rights theorists would prefer to call it, "attenuation"!)) of property rights with regard to the use of the means of production has to be seen from the background of the specific economic and political development of Germany above all in the late 19th and the early 20th century. 2) The specific features of the German course of events in the frame of the general process of industrialization in Western Europe and Northern America have to be seen mainly in the following characteristics: In contrast to the leading European powers in the middle of the 19th century, especially England and France, Germany had not yet overcome the historical splintering of the territory, and its way to a modern nation state was further complicated by the emerging conflict between Prussia and Austria. -On the level of politics and society, to this territorial splintering corresponded the lasting dominance of the old feudal powers, especially of the territorial princes and the territorial nobility who were mainly involved in the conflict about the course and the conditions of the nation-building process whereby other social groups were largely excluded. -In accordance with this delayed formation of a German nation state, also the process of industrialization lagged behind France, Great Britain and the United States, further complicated by various constraints for the mobility of the factors of production (e.g. through domestic tariffs, trade constraints, lack of common currency etc.). -Based on the factors mentioned before, a relative weakness of the German bourgeoisie is to be observed which was largely excluded from political power, partly even after the unionization in the Bismarck empire of 1871, and which was largely restricted to the initially less developed economic sphere. -Correspondingly, there was also a delayed rise of an industrial working class, and in


Nine patients with Ebstein's malformation have undergone surgical repair since 1971. Their ages ranged from 10 to 49 years. Two patients were in functional class II and six in III. Dysrhythmias were indicators for operation in the remaining patient. All patients underwent prosthetic valve replacement. Other procedures included atrial septal defect closure in eight and plication of the atrialized ventricular segment in four cases. Three patients died during the postoperative period. Three patients died during the postoperative period. Functional classification improved in five of the six operative survivors. The multiple aspects of the clinical features, the different surgical management and the variability of results are explained by the wide range of morphologic and functional aspects of the malformation.


Currently, neurogenic blockade is used as a supplement to sulfonamide-diuretics (with or without reserpine) when optimal antihypertensive control is not obtained with these drugs alone. Although the use of neurogenic blocking agents preceded that of sulfonamide-diuretics by ten years, the latter have become first in therapeutic choice. A combination of chlorthalidone and reserpine produced normotension in 58 of 100 ambulatory outpatients with moderate to severe essential hypertension. Twentytwo of 42 subjects with residual hypertension became normotensive when chlorthalidone-reserpine therapy was augmented with a postganglionic sympathetic blocking agent (debrisoquin sulfate). In the authors' opinion neurogenic blocking agents, or other potent antihypertensive drugs as adjuncts to sulfonamide-diuretics, are indicated in approximately 40% of patients with moderate or severe essential hypertension. Debrisoquin appears to be more practical, as a supplementary antihypertensive drug, than older related blocking agents.


Background: Nurses play crucial role in avoiding hospital procured infections, by guaranteeing that all viewpoints of their nursing practice is prove based, and also through nursing inquire research and understanding instruction. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the nurse's compliance with infection control measures and-barrier precautions in delivery room. Methods: Research design: An exploratory design had been chosen for carrying out our paper. Setting: The study was carried out in four hospitals in Damietta governorate. Subjects: 51 on duty nurses were taken at the time of the study. Tools of data collection: Data were collected using self-administers questioners. Results: Findings revealed the existence of poor standard precautions (100%). There is connection between age, education level, work involvement experience, and compliance with standard safety measures and precautions at p<0.05. At the same time significant relation between training courses and compliance to standard precautions was p<0.05. Conclusion: The nurses in the current study faced a lot of barriers that posed a hindrance in implementing the infection control measures, such as in situations like: emergency situation, lack of equipment & supplies, lack of infection control measures, lack of periodical infection and control training course. Recommendations: Strategic plan to overcome obstacles & barriers that hinder nurses to compliance with infection control measures should be conducted. It is essential to consider the national standards of infection prevention adopted by the ministry of health in delivery room of all hospital in Damietta governorate.


: In an EU-funded project RICHFIELDS, a data platform was designed with the aim to collect, link and harmo-nize, analyze, store, and deliver food- and nutrition-related data and information to various stakeholders. To integrate heterogenous food data sets, we propose a RICHFIELDS framework for semantic interoperability of food information, which is a combination of already developed NLP approaches for the food domain. The framework includes i) a food ontology to which foods are linked, ii) a part that explains how the relevant foods can be extracted and represented in a structured way, and iii) a similarity measure that is used to link the foods to the ontology. To evaluate the RICHFIELDS framework, we selected two distinct data sets from different food information systems. The experimental results provided promising results,i.e., 81.5% and 87.5% of the foods from the first and the second data set, respectively, obtained a tag from the ontology (i.e., semantic annotation was performed). The annotations provided by the framework allow automatic integration of food information provided in both data sets.


Mice of 18—22 grams body weight were infected on their shaved abdominalskin with 40,70,100,130,150 naturally shedded cercariae of Schistosomajaponicum.From the results of necropsy of the infected hosts after theperiods of 24—25,29—30 and 35—36 days,it was found that the developmentrate of the Schistosome was 60.59%,67.87% and 72.28% for the three fixedperiods respectively.Irrespective of the number of cercariae (40—150),therate varied very little.The distribution of the worms in the intrahepatic andextrahepatic vessels was 26.81% and 73.19% respectively on 24—25 days;21.87% and 78.13% respectively on 29—30 days,and 19.31% and 80.68%respectively on 35—36 days.More female worms than males migrated fromthe liver to the mesenteric vessels at the period of 24—36 days after infection. As time went on,more worms became sexually matured.They were foundto have 38.19%,75.35% and 91.81% matured at the periods of 24—25,29—30and 35—36 days respectively.The maturation rate of the females was 69.98%,92.28% and 89.96% at the above mentioned three periods respectively,whereasthat of the males was 28.20%,68.56% and 92.86% at the same three periodsrespectively.Each uterus of the mature female worms was found to contain,in average,21.56±2.26,92.39±3.89 and 126.96±8.29 eggs at the same threeperiods respectively.From the results obtained,it is evident that 29—30 daysafter infection,more than 90% of the females have become sexually maturedwith uteri each filled with about 100 eggs.Therefore we have reasons tosuggest that the treatment of experimental Schistosomiasis japonica in miceshould begin from 29—30 days after infection instead of 35—40 days.In theinfected mice the male worms usually exceeded the females in number.Insuch cases all the females were sexually mature.On the other hand manyfemale worms remained immature in the mice in which the females were lessthan the males in number.The percentage of the immature females increasedas the ratio of the female to male became greater. Five groups of mice were infected in the similar manner with 40,70,100,120,150 cercariae of the Japanese schistosome.Thirty days after infectiononly a few mice died in some groups,but the mortality of the hosts becamegreater as the disease progressed.Forty two days after infection more than50% of the hosts died in the last three groups.Forty nine days after infec-tion the mortality rate was 70.17%,80.76%,92.50%,93.10% and 92.00% forthe five groups respectively,whereas only 3.51% of mice died in the control.


This chapter is not only a scholarly attempt to understand the different expressions of women's voice in Occupied Palestine, but also the record of an activist from inside the movement who has engaged with and participated in its different stages and who offers here some critical observations and conclusions that need to be shared with feminists and the current and future women's leadership. Understanding the transformation that took place in the women's movement and reflecting on the lessons learnt is an important task, because it contextualizes and theorizes women's experience and voice under colonial occupation. Palestinian women's voices have been presented mostly by women outside the movement – researchers from local or international communities – or by men who have interpreted women's activism through their own interests and instrumentalist framework. Rarely have women activists conveyed their own experiences directly to wider audiences. This chapter aims to reclaim this space for activist voices in the hope of reflecting a genuine but critical view of women's activism – one which is often misrepresented or misinterpreted by those outside the experience. Although it reflects the power of the women's movement in Palestine in resisting the colonial occupation, the chapter also clarifies the transformation of the women's movements' agenda and focus in different political periods – changing from purely and primarily resisting occupation and addressing gender only


Soil bioengineering is an environmentally friendly method which employs vegetation to contribute sloping terrain by reinforcing the soil. The vegetation can contribute to slope stability with two effects: mechanical and hydrological. Vetiver grass (Vetiveria nemoralis A. Camus), a perennial grass that had been promoted to help conserve the soil and runoff by the World Bank in the 1980s, has been developed to become an important soil bioengineering tool. This paper demonstrates the effect of vetiver root matrix on the soil slope focusing on the mechanical reinforcement. The vetiver grass specimens grown under one year were used in this study. The investigation program includes root observations and direct shear tests. The growing rate of the vetiver roots and the root area ratios were observed during the tests. The cohesion and angle of internal friction of root-reinforced soils were determined from a standard direct shear and a large direct shear apparatus. The results indicated that the roots of vetiver grass were fast growing. Shear strength of the root-reinforced soil was significantly increased because of roots bundling as well as the increased number of root hair. Electron microscopic results revealed that the bundling and adhesion contributed from large surface area of root hair can help to improve the slope stability by increasing shear strength of the soil.


I introduce two new methods for tensor field visualization in this dissertation. They are built on the idea that physical tensor quantities can be transformed into metrics which in turn can be visualized. This approach helps to distill information in the tensor field and present them for a specific application. They are especially appropriate for the visualization of stress and strain tensor fields which play an important role in many application areas including mechanics and solid state physics.
The first technique is a global method using line integral convolution (LIC). It creates a fabric like visualization of the tensor field and shows regions of compression and expansion. These are features due to the applied physical forces represented in the tensor data. This texture based approach is intuitive to understand and provides many free parameters such as size, color, and density for users to map various tensor quantities.
The second method is a practical way to generate stochastic anisotropic samples that approximate Poisson-disk characteristic over a two-dimensional domain. In contrast with isotropic samples, anisotropic samples are non-overlapping ellipses whose size and density match a given anisotropic metric. Anisotropic noise samples are useful for many visualization and graphics applications. The spot samples not only can be used as input for texture generation, for example, LIC, but also can be used directly for visualization. My work combines ideas from sampling theory and mesh generation. To generate these samples with the desired properties, first I construct a set of non-overlapping ellipses whose distribution closely matches the underlying metric. This set of samples is then used as input for a generalized anisotropic Lloyd relaxation to distribute noise samples more evenly. Instead of computing the Voronoi tessellation explicitly, I introduce a discrete approach that combines the Voronoi cell and centroid computation in one step. This method supports automatic packing of the elliptical samples, resulting in textures similar to those generated by anisotropic reaction-diffusion.


To the Editor. — I read the recent article of Deaconson et al 1 with great interest, followed by astonishment. The notion that performance on psychometric tests, spurred by financial incentives, is directly related to the quality of patient care is absurd. I wondered why this study, with conclusions so politically sensitive and contrary to the prevailing beliefs, appeared without editorial comment. The words that define this study's problem are, "We conclude that the repetitive episodes of sleep deprivation... do not impair the performance of residents on psychometric tests and, by implication, performance in the provision of patient care." By implication? This is a leap of illogic unsupported in the data or discussion, and the image it conjures up of the physician as a pegboard-punching automaton is misleading and offensive. The key word here is care, which went unmeasured and undiscussed. What sleep deprivation so insidiously and dangerously undermines is


Objective To observe the cytogenetic abnormalities in the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and its clinical significance.Methods The chromosome analysis was performed in 38 cases of primary MDS using short-term culture of bone marrow cells and RHG handing technique.According to WHO criteria.4 patients presented with refractory anemia (RA).1 with refractory anemia with ringed siderohlasts (RARS).17 with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB).14 with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD).and 2 with MDS unclassified (MDS-U). Results Fourteen of the 38 patients had clonal chromosome changes (36.8%).The simple alnormalities were observed in 9 cases,including the numerical abnormalities in 6 cases and the structural abnormalities in 3 cases.The complex karyotype abnormalities were observed in 5 cases and the karyotype derivation occurred in one case.Conclusions The karyotype analysis plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis,the pathogenetic monitoring and the prognostic judgement in the MDS.


Methods of application of file system access is described. In an embodiment, a request to access the file system of the computing device is obtained by one or more modules via the application programming interface from an application running on a computing device. A portion having a selectable option by the user to confirm that the access is allowed, what is so as not be known application that it contains in a portion thereof, by one or more modules It is exposed to the user interface. In response to the option selection, where whether the access is permitted so as not to application to know the file system, accessible by one or more modules is permitted to the application. .FIELD 1


Trust in elected representatives and the political institutions within which they operate is often emphasised as a prerequisite for citizens' political participation. While research has indeed show ...


An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of substrate concentration and inoculums ratio on the start-up of anaerobic digestion of rice straw at 35 ℃. The results indicated that the inoculums ratio should be increased when rice straw digested alone. Compared to 12% total solid loading(TSL) and 20% TSL, the initial 16% TSL was optimal for biogas-production. When the TSL was 16%, the biogas-production reached the peak at day 7, and the numbers of days reaching above 50% methane content were decreased 4 days and 1 days compared with 12% TSL and 20%TSL, respectively. When the TSL was 16%, the average volumetric biogas production was 0.63 L·L-1·d-1 during the initial 20 days, and the increase were 42.30% and 69.01% compared with 12% TSL and 20%TSL, respectively.


The case of a 2.5-year-old sheep sent for diagnostic evaluation is presented. At the necropsy, mucoid degeneration of coronary fat, pleural adhesions, hypostatic congestion, hemoperitoneum, reticulum, rumen, omasum, and abomasum distention were found. The most significant finding was the whitish, hard-to-touch appearance of the right atrium. The atrial sample was decalcified for sectioning and histopathology study. The histology of the section performed revealed: extensive areas of cartilaginous metaplasia, swelling, and undulation of cardiac muscle fibers, fatty infiltration between cardiac fibers, as well as figures compatible with Sarcocystis . The clinical chemistry indicated hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia. According to the process for the sheep diagnostic evaluation, cartilaginous metaplasia of the right atrium, associated with the ingestion of Trisetum flavescens was found. In the different animal species, the probability of progressive poisoning from the consumption of toxic plants is a risk that can occur in any animal production system. This study describes the clinical case of a sheep that, according to background and data provided by the owner, had been ingesting Trisetum flavescens and showed clinical signs of decay, among others; the most evident lesions in the macro and microscopic study were associated with cartilaginous metaplasia of the right atrium, a condition that highlights the risk of consuming plants, which may contain a variety of substances that can affect and deteriorate the health of different herbivorous domestic species.


Not many writers in the diverse and very broad fields of transnational law are capable of integrating them into a clear, coherent and concise reading. The fourth edition of Dalhuisen on Transnational Comparative, Commercial, Financial and Trade Law continues to examine these bodies of law — from the formation of contracts in civil and common law to the private international law aspects of chattels and assignments, and from modern security interests to international aspects of financial services regulation — with its unique virtuosity in explanation, narration and presentation. Dalhuisen takes an international perspective on these various subjects, helping to locate domestic commercial and financial law in their wider context.


In this paper, a conformal high-order finite difference time-domain (CHO-FDTD) scheme is present to deal with the dielectric curved objects. The general update equations of the CHO-FDTD have been derivated. The CHO-FDTD method, based on the effective dielectric constant EDC technique, is applied in scattering cases, and the conclusion are that the scheme provides the better accuracy than the HO-FDTD and other higher order methods. This electronic document is a "live" template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet.


Wafer bonding is a key technology for many advanced chip technologies. For 3D integration, advanced stacking schemes and high-density packaging put a stringent requirement on the bonding reliability. Bonding quality can be characterized by the absence of voids at the bonding interface, as the voids delimit the complexity of the subsequent processing and integration steps. Therefore, in-line and non-destructive inspection techniques for void detection are crucial for early-stage detection and full process integration. In this work, we perform a comprehensive study on bonding void detection for 3D integration. We fabricate bonded Si wafers with programmed bonding voids with size from 10 nm to 20 μm. We combine different inspection and review tools, including acoustic, optical, electron beam etc., for bonding void detection at different process steps of the fabrication with different top Si thicknesses.


This paper addresses the ideology that would have been embodied in the Civil Procedure Code of 1992-1993. It starts from the premise that the civil procedure is an ideological institution on which an ideology is projected on the relations between the State and the individual. Thus, it is found that the procedural model regulated by the Code is built on the idea that individuals are instruments of the State. This idea would be compatible with certain ideologies that have served as the foundation or antecedent of the model: the Marxist, Klein's and Menger's ideologies.


Study and analysis of development of the scientific researches in sphere of physical training shows substantial increase of attention of the scientists and specialists to the actual problems for the past 25 years. To the middle 90s the problem of the optimality of physical activities for the students has been solved at large. Towards the end of 90s the problem of uncertainty of the scientific representations and terminology has been practically removed. At the same time the criteria of physical readiness of the engaged in sport for the various groups of health have been insufficiently proved. Also the problem of influence of the training loads on health state of the students with unequal level of physical readiness has been insufficiently studied. Thereupon it is urgent need to analyze the up-to-date approaches to the program-standard practice of physical training of Russian students.


The effect of bitumen concentration, presence of electrolytes, storage temperature, mean droplet diameter, and distribution and the length of the ethylene oxide chain in nonionic surfactants, on the viscoelastic parameters of bitumen in water emulsions, was investigated. Viscoelastic parameters were derived from the creep compliance-time response of the emulsions at a constant stress. All the emulsions exhibited an increase in the instantaneous elastic modulus and in the Newtonian viscosity, when the mean droplet diameter was decreased at constant bitumen fraction, or when the bitumen fraction was increased at constant mean droplet diameter. In all cases studied, the storage temperature and the presence of a magnesium nitrate in the aqueous phase, promoted a decrease in the values of the viscoelastic parameters. Results are explained based on the interaction between the hydrophilic chains of the surfactant molecules adsorbed on adjacent bitumen droplets. Emulsion stability, measured, as a function of the ...


This paper describes a new fiber-optic multisensor based on an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and capable of remote sensing using a multioptical fiber array (MOFA). A two-dimensional charge-coupled device (CCD) was used as a detector, and the AOTF was used as a wavelength selector. Unlike a tunable grating or prism-based monochromator, an AOTF has no moving parts, and an AOTF can be rapidly tuned to any wavelength in its operating range within microseconds. The large aperture of the AOTF allows the optical signal from over 100 fiber-optic sensors to be measured simultaneously. These characteristics, combined with their small size, make AOTFs an important new alternative to conventional monochromators, especially for spectral multisensing and imaging. A prototype fiber-optic multisensor system has been developed, and its feasibility for simultaneous detection of molecular luminescence signal via fiber-optic probes is demonstrated.


The restoration and reconstruction work of Cheonggyecheon is an important construction practice towards improving Seoul city ecosystem environment,promoting city status of Seoul and competition ability in the world. The historical development process of Cheonggyecheon and its surrounding areas is reviewed. Main problems existing in the restoration works of Cheonggyecheon and some solutions are analyzed. Then some inspiration ideas from this project and problems after the restoration are proposed for the purpose of constructions of Chinese cities.


In the scientific communication there are presented elements of structural analysis of costs in relation with the processes of firm financing. The main criteria of costs' classification are connected with different stages of the activity of modern firm financing. The role of costs' structural analysis thus exceeds the accountancy area and enters the process of making tactic or strategic decisions. The interdisciplinary nature of the decisional act appears inclusively by means of processing (for financial purposes) the information resulted from the analysis of costs.


Constructing a portfolio of investments is one of the most significant financial decisions facing individuals and institutions, modern portfolio theory is based on a rational investor choosing the proportions of assets in a portfolio so as to minimize risk and maximize the expected return. In this paper, the portfolio investment in which expected return rates are stochastic variables is studied and the velocity limited particle swarm optimization (VLPSO) algorithm is applied to solve this problem. First, the stochastic portfolio model and reliable decision are presented. Second, with the aim to overcome the local and global searching limitation of traditional numerical algorithms in the solution of nonlinear programming problems, a new global searching algorithm - velocity limited particle swarm optimization (VLPSO) is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed VLPSO algorithm is demonstrated on a portfolio selection problem. Simulation results show that the VLPSO algorithm is effective and has potential to solve the portfolio management problem in real time


An extension to nonzero temperatares of the HugenholtzPines procedure for the degenerate Bose gas is provided. It is shown that under certain conditions the elementary excitation spectrum must approach zero for zero momentum, at nonzero, as well as at zero temperatares. The apparert discrepancy of this result with the particular case of a charged boson gas with a uniform positive background is discussed. Finally, a suggestion is made for modifying the Bogoliubov approximation, which is particularly relevant at nonzero temperatures. (auth)


41 During the spring of 2010, NASA Goddard's COMMIT ground-based mobile laboratory 42 was stationed on Dongsha Island off the southwest coast of Taiwan, in preparation for the 43 upcoming 2012 7-SEAS field campaign. The measurement period offered a unique opportunity 44 for conducting detailed investigations of the optical properties of aerosols associated with 45 different air mass regimes including background maritime and those contaminated by 46 anthropogenic air pollution and mineral dust. What appears to be the first time for this region, a 47 shortwave optical closure experiment for both scattering and absorption was attempted over a 48 12-day period during which aerosols exhibited the most change. Constraints to the optical model 49 included combined SMPS and APS number concentration data for a continuum of fine and 50 coarse-mode particle sizes up to PM2.5. We also take advantage of an IMPROVE chemical 51 sampler to help constrain aerosol composition and mass partitioning of key elemental species 52 including sea-salt, particulate organic matter, soil, non sea-salt sulphate, nitrate, and elemental 53 carbon. Our results demonstrate that the observed aerosol scattering and absorption for these 54 diverse air masses are reasonably captured by the model, where peak aerosol events and 55 transitions between key aerosols types are evident. Signatures of heavy polluted aerosol 56 composed mostly of ammonium and non sea-salt sulphate mixed with some dust with transitions 57 to background sea-salt conditions are apparent in the absorption data, which is particularly 58 reassuring owing to the large variability in the imaginary component of the refractive indices. 59 Extinctive features at significantly smaller time scales than the one-day sample period of 60 IMPROVE are more difficult to reproduce, as this requires further knowledge concerning the 61 source apportionment of major chemical components in the model. Consistency between the 62 measured and modeled optical parameters serves as an important link for advancing remote 63 sensing and climate research studies in dynamic aerosol-rich environments like Dongsha. 64


40 days' tracking test on the performance of a heat pump type of room air conditioner charged with a new kind of additive called polarized refrigerant oil additive(PROA) was carried out under the standard working condition.The result of the experiment shows that the suction and discharge temperatures of the compressor decline obviously,but the fluctuations of them are just about 1.5 ℃during the long running period when the PROA is used.Furthermore,the temperatures and pressures of suction and discharge have only little change,and there is also no negative effect on key components such as compressor.It illustrates that the PROA constantly plays an active role in the air conditioning system.


This article explores the effectiveness of tax incentives on the decision to make a charitable donation in Canada and extends the analysis to compare the effectiveness of tax incentives across different types of giving. The data set employed is the 2007 Canada Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating (CSGVP), which is analysed using probit and probit selection models. The results imply that public policy can be used to influence the likelihood of making a donation in general and that the degree of influence varies across different donation sectors.


The book then discusses Mao, Chu Teh and P'eng Te-huai. The reader must feel compelled to ask, "disproportionate compared to what,?" and how do we know or can we know that the confrontations were traumatic given the state of biographical art on China. ' Pye's analysis depends upon the acceptance of his view of China. If one is compelled to deny or modify those views, what remains may be innovative ideas about psychological constraints in politics, perhaps the necessity to re-think or define assumptions, but not an explanation of Chinese politics.


Researching on urbanization construction financing efficiency in Guizhou Province is benefit to improve the financing efficiency, and enhance the level of urbanization. In this paper, Using correlation analysis and multiple regression model, this paper empirically analyzes the urbanization construction financing efficiency in Guizhou Province. The empirical results show that the financing efficiency of government financing, financial institutions, and foreign capital utilization is significantly positive correlated with the urbanization construction level in Guizhou Province. Government financing efficiency, financial institution financing efficiency, and foreign capital utilization financing efficiency have positive influence on the urbanization level in Guizhou Province.


The present invention provides an apparatus for supporting a substrate. In one embodiment, a substrate support having a body and an upper portion, said upper portion having a socket and a ball, said ball suitable substrate on a substrate support member supporting thereon the friction and / or chemical reaction between minimized. The substrate support may be used, for example a closed chamber and subjected to heat treatment of various load chamber.


When I arrived in the Kunkel laboratory, I was one of the very few postdocs there who had experience in the laboratory. I had worked in Tom Tomasi's laboratory at the University of Vermont for three summers and part-time during my medical school years, and had spent a full two year postdoc at the NIH working on the genetic code. Thus, it was a shock that he did not want me to immediately do experiments when I arrived. I got a desk (the famous Hans Muller–Eberhard desk) and some papers to read and a few JEM papers to 'review'. Along the way, I participated in laboratory meetings, discussions within the laboratory, etc. Weekly I approached him with an experiment I wanted to do, and each week he discouraged the experiment for one reason or another. One of my favorite memories was his statement 'Hans Muller– Eberhard sat at that same desk for 9 months and then discovered that complement was more than one or two components in the space of a week or two' (I subsequently learned that this was essentially true). One day, while reading a recent paper from the Oudin laboratory, I got an idea that would forever change my career. I proposed we immunize rabbits with a cold agglutinin and absorb the antiserum with normal human serum and see if other cold agglutinins would be reactive. The result of the experiment which took 6 weeks to do, but in reality only involved 8–10 hours of time (he had a collection of cold agglutinins, and the only labor was immunizing two rabbits and waiting) was the discovery of the 'cross-reactive idiotype', a problem I still study. Indeed, my laboratory is currently preparing for publication a manuscript that will (Ž nally!) explain our results. Then, a remarkable 'Kunkelism'. With the result in hand, he announced 'Ralph Williams discovered the same thing a few years ago'. He then proceeded to pull down some notebooks and, indeed, Ralph had found the same thing, but somehow he had not believed it!! The Science paper which resulted from these Ž ndings was 'Williams, Kunkel and Capra' so my Ž rst paper as a postdoc in the Kunkel laboratory had me listed as the 'senior author!'. Henry felt that Ralph deserved the 'Ž rst' position as he had discovered the phenomenon Ž ve or six years before I came into the laboratory. When I was 'on' in this area, I was working across the bench from Henry, and (as all his students know) he did two (at most four) gel diffusion experiments a day. I would come in the morning and drag out my 25 Ouchterlony plates and he would peer up from his bench and say, 'Dr Capra, how can you possibly keep track of so many experiments?' Gradually, I learned to do only a few plates a night; and soon learned how to do one damn good experiment. I like to think that has made a difference in my own career. I have not 'sequenced' but have had a good question, and the sequences seem to provide good answers.


Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is expected to resolve traffic congestion at tollgates. However, it may newly create another bottleneck of traffic at the merging section in the downstream. This study proposes a methodology to evaluate whether ETC system can raise the level-of-service at on-ramp merging section in total. The level-of-service is evaluated in a newly developed measure based on the drivers' perception. Numerical example shows that the effect of ETC highly depends on the traffic conditions. For the covering abstract see ITRD E114174.


Rating: Teen And Up Audiences Archive Warning: No Archive Warnings Apply Category: F/M Fandom: The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, The Legend of Zelda & Related Fandoms Relationship: Link/Mipha (Legend of Zelda) Character: Link (Legend of Zelda), Mipha (Legend of Zelda), Muzu (Legend of Zelda), Prince Sidon, King Dorephan, Zoras (Legend of Zelda) Additional Tags: Family, Family Fluff, Family Drama, Romance Stats: Published: 2018-03-20 Completed: 2019-09-02 Chapters: 17/17 Words: 154159


The prediction of vibration impact remains as a complex challenge for designers of new railway infrastructures. Due to the large quantity of parameters involved in the generation, transmission and reception of the vibration waves, it would be necessary to develop a complete study for each potential receiver, which would include: source, soil and building characterization,
infrastructure vibration behaviour modelling and, finally, countermeasures influence prediction.
This process can turn out to be very costly in terms of both time and money. Therefore, it is usually done only for areas very likely to suffer high vibration levels or for high sensitive buildings (hospital, educational).
The CATdBTren project, which has been awarded with R&D funding from the Catalonia
Government, is aimed to develop a new prediction tool for evaluating the vibration impact from new railway infrastructures as well as to develop new types of fastening systems having high vibration isolation properties. That tool is intended to be user-friendly and to produce results with
average accuracy, so it still will be required detailed studies of problematic areas.
In this sense, the software will model the contact forces caused by high-speed, conventional and underground rolling stock. Moreover, it will model the infrastructure's vibration transmission behaviour, ground vibration propagation, terrain-foundation coupling and building vibration
mechanism. The CATdBTren prediction tool will be also capable of estimating the influence of the rolling stock, rail and wheel roughness, fastening system, substructure, soil vibration propagation properties and building characteristics, all in the final vibration impact.


The MUST (Mass Unspecific Supervised Tagging) method has proven to be successful in implementing generic jet taggers capable of discriminating various signals over a wide range of jet masses. We implement the MUST concept by using eXtreme Gradient Boosting ({\tt XGBoost}) classifiers instead of neural networks (NNs) as previously done. We build both fully-generic and specific multi-pronged taggers, to identify 2, 3, and/or 4-pronged signals from SM QCD background. We show that {\tt XGBoost}-based taggers are not only easier to optimize and much faster than those based in NNs, but also show quite similar performance, even when testing with signals not used in training, providing an alternative machine-learning implementation that can potentially be used to test the robustness of the results.


A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1 collected in proton–proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets. Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics ∗See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members ar X iv :1 10 6. 45 03 v1 [ he pex ] 2 2 Ju n 20 11


These are notes for a mini-course of 3 lectures given at the St. Petersburg School in Probability and Statistical Physics (June 2012). My aim was to explain, on the example of a particular model, how ideas from the representation theory of big groups can be applied in probabilistic problems. The material is based on the joint paper [7] by Alexei Borodin and myself; a broader range of topics is surveyed in the lecture notes by Alexei Borodin and Vadim Gorin [3]. The main result of [7] consisted in constructing a family of Feller Markov processes living on the infinite-dimensional locally compact space Û(∞), a kind of dual object to the infinite-dimensional unitary group U(∞). By definition, the group U(∞) is the union of the chain of compact unitary groups U(N), N = 1, 2, . . . , embedded to each other. Dually, the space Û(∞) appears as the "entrance boundary" of a chain


To evaluate the validity of Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) prognostic scoring systems for Overall Survival (OS) in intracranial Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) of all patients diagnosed at a single center.


Background and Aims Conventional management of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) often requires prolonged hospital admission, proving costly in both financial and social terms. However, safety issues often preclude the option of community-based withdrawal programs. We report the experience of our IHBW program. Methods A retrospective audit was undertaken of infants older than 34 weeks gestation admitted to the Royal Women's Hospital Neonatal Unit for treatment of NAS between 2001–2010. Selected infants were offered the IHBW program from 2004. Results 163 infants were admitted for treatment of NAS; 38 were managed on the IHBW program. 97% were exposed to opioids in utero. Morphine was used to treat 145 (89%) infants with 18 (11%) receiving either phenobarbitone or a combination of both. Abstract 1053 Table 1 IHBW versus conventional management of NAS Conventional (N=125) IHBW (N = 38) Mean difference (95% CI) or p value Maternal Age (yr) 27.6 (5.8) 29.2 (5.7) 1.12 (–1.0, 3.2) Gestational Age 38.4 (1.5) 39.2 (1.3) 0.7 (0.2, 1.2) Birth weight (g) 2929 (545) 3087 (355) 158 (–28,344) NAS score before medication 8.6 (1.7) 9.3 (1.8) 0.7 (0.001, 1.4) Days of hospital stay 39 (12) 19 (12) –20.3 (–24.7,–15.9) Total dose morphine (mg/kg/birthweight) 11.6 (5.6) 10.2 (5.4) –1.4 (–3.4, 0.6) Foster Care 27 (22%) 2 (5%) 0.02 Child Protection Involvement 75 (60%) 9 (24%) <0.001 Data in mean (SD) Conclusion In selected families, IHBW reduces hospital stay in managing NAS, without increasing morphine dose. Concerns regarding infant welfare limit the number of infants suitable for this management pathway.


In view of the problem that the robustness of feature is poor and the complex function fitting ability is weak in classification, a pedestrian detection method based on texture feature and deep learning is proposed. Firstly, Put forward an improve GSRLBP texture feature extraction algorithm for extract the local texture feature of pedestrian images, through obtain gradient information of the pixel and combine the GSRLBP elimination of ill effects about small perturbation; in addition, set up deep learning pedestrians sample classifier based on deep belief network, make use of the input and middle layer RBM structure, which achieve data transfer between the hidden layer structure, realize the self-learning of the feature data. And, the BP neural network is used for output of classifier, which can optimize the classification structure. Experimental results show that the propose method is workable and effective, which performs better than the classic shallow machine learning pedestrian detection algorithms.


T he economy which had sustained the Roman empire collapsed. It did so through a very long concatenation of gradual deteriorations and sharp blows. Over time, the short-term trend was neither uniform nor unidirectional: the situation improved, sometimes considerably, at various times between c. 250 and 650. But the short-term upswings were not sufficient to redress the long-term trend even when, in some areas, they lasted two or three generations. Certain regions began to decline while others were still, or once again, climbing to new heights of population and the production of wealth. This very disjuncture worked negative consequences on the interaction of different regions of the Roman empire. The situation in the closing decades of the seventh century was radically different from what had obtained even 160 years earlier. Population and settlement decline had reached the southeastern quadrant of the former Roman world at last. Whether it still continued in the areas where it had first appeared, and how exactly the newcomers, especially the Slavs and Arabs, affected it, is less clear. There is no sign that late antiquity's established or newly virulent infections were abating. In volume, variety, and also geographic range of export, the last pottery shops of Africa were producing on a scale which was but a shadow of their former selves; in the Middle East, others may have been stepping to the fore, but they are, for now, indistinct.


Global interconnects have been identified as a serious limitation to chip scaling, due to their limited bandwidth and large delay. A critical analysis of intrinsic limitations of electrical interconnect indicates that these limitations can be overcome. This basic analysis is presented, together with design constraints. We demonstrate a scheme for this, based on the utilization of upper-level metals as transmission lines. A global communication architecture based on a global mesochronous, local synchronous approach allows very high data-rate per wire and therefore very high bandwidth in buses of limited width. As an example, we demonstrate a 320μm wide bus with a capacity of 160Gb/s in a nearly standard 0.18μm process.


Variceal bleeding is a consequence of severe portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Although the rate of bleeding has decreased over time, variceal bleeding in the presence of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) carries a high-risk of treatment failure and short-term mortality. Treatment and/or removal of precipitating events (mainly bacterial infection and alcoholic hepatitis) and decrease of portal pressure may improve outcome of patients with acute decompensation or ACLF. Transjugular intrahepatic systemic shunts (TIPS), especially in the pre-emptive situation, have been found to efficiently control bleeding, prevent rebleeding and reduce short-term mortality. Therefore, TIPS placement should be considered as an option in the management of ACLF patients with variceal bleeding.


GRS1201, (Reg. no. GP-357, PI 561948) is a multi-biotype greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm developed by USDAARS in cooperation with the Oklahoma Agric. Exp. Stn. It was formally released in March 1992. GRS1201 is resistant to biotypes B, C, E, G, and I of the greenbug (1). GRS1201 is a 1AL/1RS wheat/rye (Secale cereale L.) translocation line developed from an alien substitution plant that was derived from a wheat x rye hybrid (short wheat selection/ 'Scout'[TX69A345-2]//'Insave F.A.'). Spikes of the alien substitution plant were irradiated with a total of 7.5 Sv to induce chromosomal breakage and translocation of chromatin. Mature, irradiated pollen of the alien substitution plant was used to pollinate 'TAM W-101' hard red winter wheat. X, (Xn denotes generation following irradiation treatment) plants were selected for self-fertility. Progeny were selfed for seven generations with selection for self-fertility performed for each generation. In the X7 generation, seedlings resistant to greenbug biotype G were identified utilizing standard protocols (2). Further tests revealed that GRS1201 is resistant to biotypes B, C, E, G, (1) and I (D.R. Porter, 1992, unpublished data), but susceptible to F (1) and H (D.R. Porter, 1992, unpublished data). Greenbug resistance of GRS1201 is conditioned by the translocated IRS chromosome arm derived from 'Insave F.A.' rye (D.R. Porter, 1992, unpublished data). Resistance is dominant. GRS1201 is a composite of 40 homozygous resistant X8 lines that were tested in the X9 generation (30 seedlings from each line) to verify homozygous greenbug biotype G resistance. GRS1201 is similar to TAM-W-101 in maturity and height. It also carries stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.) resistance genes SrS, Sr7b, and 5rl7. GRS1201 is susceptible to the wheat curl mite [Eriophyes tulipae (Keifer)] and powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal). Written requests for small quantities of GRS1201 seed should be sent to the corresponding author. Recognition of origin of this germplasm should be indicated whenever it is used for research or breeding purposes. Seed will be maintained at the Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK.


The article presents a physical and mathematical model of the propagation of air shock waves in the network of coal mine workings after an instant explosion of the methane-air mixture in a given area. An approach to the implementation of a method for solving problems on the propagation of air shock waves in a branched network of mine workings is presented, taking into account arbitrary angles of their conjugation. The results of calculating the propagation of air shock waves in the model networks of mine workings are presented.


The invention discloses a copper-covered ALSiC composite radiating substrate which comprises an ALSiC substrate body and a copper layer attached to the ALSiC substrate body. A copper-aluminum spinel interface is formed between the copper layer and the ALSiC substrate body. The ALSiC composite radiation substrate is simple in structure, good in radiating performance, capable of solving the problem that the radiating substrate body is not matched with thermal expansion of a chip material, capable of preventing an LED chip packaged on the substrate body from being easily disengaged, capable of prolonging the service life of an LED and applicable to manufacturing of low-cost large-power LEDs.


To prevent on-rail reset or down of lower computer of power in satellite , a software ampere hour meter is used to make control, and meanwhile a traditional hardware V/T curve control method is taken as the backup measure of software ampere hour meter. The invention is used for solving the problem of less- charging or over-charging in process of controlling charge of satellite storage cell to extend the on-rail life of satellite.


DVD menus often miss out on usability and are complex and difficult to navigate through. One of the main problems is the lack of design standards. By conducting an expert walkthrough we identified typical usability issues of DVD menus and verified them with usability testing and a user survey. Our research goal is to develop a set of specific solutions for designing usable DVD menus to improve the overall user experience. As a first step towards this goal we present an initial set of usability issues that are specifically relevant for DVD menu design.


The word of wisdom, the religious commandment which regulates alcohol and tobacco consumption for the member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was first articulated as a principle with a promise, the observance of which was left up to the individual's discretion. During the second half of the 19th century church leadership moved towards stricter enforcement of the principle regulating alcohol and tobacco consumption. We argue that this intensification of religious behavioral standards in the Utah territory was a direct result of the quickly encroaching Transcontinental Railroad, the advancing federal government of the United States after the end of the civil war, statehood, the threat of being integrated into the larger market economy that came with both, and ultimately federal alcohol prohibition. The stricter behavioral standards for practicing Mormons allowed the church to continue to provide a wide array of public goods in the face of increased potential for trade with religious outsiders in and outside of the Beehive (Utah territory).


The main concern of this paper is to explore the managerial factors influencing the performance of Shehia administration practices in Urban District Unguja. The study adopted a case study design. The data was collected through face to face interviews and focus group discussion with the total of 44 respondents selected purposively from the four Shehias of Urban District Unguja. Qualitative Data were analyzed by thematic Analysis.
The findings of this study revealed that there are themes of factors that influence the performance of Shehia administration practices in Urban District Unguja such as the, lack of autonomy in decision making process, low co-operation between local government and Shehias, as well as inadequate resources and facilities. Therefore, through this study; the researcher recommends that there should be intervention of government to support Shehias in establishing economic projects. Provision of adequate and modern equipment on the Shehia administration activities; performing ongoing training to the Shehas and establishment of good policy that will allow a competent Shehas to be appointed to the position of Shehas so as to make sure administration activities is being done effectively.


Passive acoustic monitoring is commonly used to detect the presence of different species of vocalizing marine mammals. The effectiveness of this monitoring strongly depends on the behavioral traits of the species being studied. Description of specific call parameters, such as duration, frequency range, and intensity, are necessary to identify the species present and to predict the potential range of detectability for a particular monitoring system. The behavioral function of these calls and the rates of sound production related to behavior are also important parameters to consider. In this study, a suction cup archival acoustic recording tag (Dtag) was attached to individual North Atlantic right whales and humpback whales in Massachusetts Bay in April of 2009 and 2010. Acoustic records were reviewed for sounds produced by the tagged whale. Analysis of the acoustic records from tagged individuals revealed a marked difference in vocal behavior, with right whales producing few sounds and humpback whales frequently vocalizing during periods of active foraging as confirmed from surface visual observations. These differences in the vocal behavior have potential implications for the relative acoustic detectability of these two species dependent upon the behavioral state of the individual.


The chapter discusses the background for the most demanding dependability challenges for reconfigurable processors in many-core systems and presents a dependable runtime reconfigurable processor for high reliability. It uses an adaptive modular redundancy technique that guarantees an application-specified level of reliability under changing SEU rates by budgeting the effective critical bits among all kernels and all accelerators of an application. This allows to deploy reconfigurable processors in harsh environments without statically protecting them.


Element for compressing a fuel cell stack comprising two spring plates defining a gas-tight cavity filled with a suitable medium. Expansion of the medium upon increase of the temperature gives rise to a force compressing the stack. Additional spring rings can be placed between the spring plates, in order to increase the compressive force .


A theory of polarization holographic recording and image reconstruction has been worked out for three-dimensional photoanisotropic medium in kinematical approximation. The expression of wave fields formed by a hologram have been received at arbitrary coefficients of vector and scalar reactions and at a reference wave of elliptical polarization. The possibility of adequate image reconstruction in the particular case of a reference wave of linear and circular polarizations has been proved which is realized at a definite relation of connection of vector and scalar reactions with the original characteristics of the medium and the intensity of a reference wave. Under these conditions a conjugate image has been transformed according to polarization.


This paper attempts to identify the key determinants of earnings of the employees in institutions of general education in Lahore District (Pakistan). A sample of 3358 teaching and non-teaching employees of institutions (universities, colleges, schools) has been gathered in 2009 through a questionnaire technique. The main objective of this research work was to explore the major factors that affect individual's earnings and to estimate the private financial returns to education by different levels of education. The factors that positively and significantly contributed to earnings of all, university, college and school respondents were respondent's education, age, experience, occupation, gender, working hours, spouse education, family background and family status. The results of this study reveal that private financial returns to education vary with the level of education. The private financial returns to education for college level respondents have been found to be the highest (9.1%) among all levels of education. The positive contribution of computer literacy in case of University respondents has been found to be highest (15.3%) among all. The occupation (teaching vs non-teaching) earning differentials were found to be highest at University level of education. Teaching staff (irrespective of gender) has been found earning more than non-teaching staff at all levels of education. The gender earning differential gap found to be highest at school level. Those university respondents, who have passed matriculation examination (SSC) from private educational institutes, earn 8.7% more than those who have qualified SSC from government educational institutes. On the basis of findings of this study, it is recommended that such rational development programs and policies should be initiated that minimizes the staff earnings differentials that arise due to occupation (teaching vs non-teaching) and gender (male vs female) basis.


PURPOSE The arrival of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) tumor cells to the bone niche requires a metabolic adaptation. We sought to identify metabolic dysregulations fueling PCa metastasis, modulated by bone secreted factors. METHODS By an indirect co-culture system of PCa (PC3) and bone progenitors (MC3T3, pre-osteoblasts, or Raw 264.7, pre-osteoclasts) we assessed the transcriptome of PC3 cells modulated by soluble factors released from bone precursors. We validated the transcriptional profile of metabolic genes in open-access transcriptomic datasets. We performed an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to delineate the regulators of these metabolic genes. Bone secretome was profiled on the conditioned media (CM) by ESI-MS/MS. RESULTS PC3 cells co-cultured with bone progenitors displayed an activation of lipidic categories, including PPAR-signaling and fat absorption/digestion. Principal Component and Unsupervised Clustering analyses using transcriptomic data from human PCa and bone metastatic samples (GSE74685) showed that the metabolic genes deregulated in PC3 accurately clustered samples in primary tumor or bone metastasis. Moreover, four lipid-associated genes, PPARA, VDR, SLC16A1 and GPX1, were associated with a shorter survival time (SU2C-PCF dataset), and were independent risk-predictors of death (P < .05). An IPA revealed that these genes are regulated by the Protein Kinase A (PKA). Accordingly, PC3 cells treated with the CM of the co-culture presented a decreased ATP content compared to the treatment with the CM of PC3 grown alone, which was restored upon PKA inhibition. Finally, the secretome analysis revealed soluble factors secreted by bone progenitors (Col1a1, Fn1) which could regulate PKA activity. CONCLUSION We identified a novel lipid-associated gene signature important for metastatic PCa, triggered by the dialogue with bone cells. Moreover, PKA could regulate this signature in response to bone-secreted factors reprogramming the metabolic phenotype of metastatic cells, emerging as a potential druggable target for this disease.


he DAVID II (Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable efibrillator II) trial tested two bradycardia programming odalities for a population of patients who received dualhamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) but ad no clear indication for pacing. Two key questions arise hen one considers the findings of this trial: Was there eally a need to perform this study? Does it affect everyday linical practice? The role of ICDs in improving the survival of patients ith heart disease at risk of sudden death is well established 1), but modern devices do more than just defibrillate. Of he vast array of sophisticated programming possibilities (2), acing options can mitigate bradycardia, chronotropic inompetence, episodic asystole and atrioventricular (AV) lock should they develop (3), as they often do (4–6). owever, dual chamber pacing for these and other soft ndications may lead to adverse outcomes (7).


We have started to develop 1-MΩ quantum Hall array standards with GaAs/AlGaAs substrates. This 1-MΩ QHR array device consists of 88 Hall bars, and the nominal value is 1 MΩ × (1-0.0342 μΩ/Ω). The ratio for this nominal, 10150/131, was derived by the continued fraction expansion method. It adopts the triple-connection technique to avoid the influence of contact resistance and wiring resistance on the quantized resistance value. We expect that this device will allow us to improve the high-resistance standard system and to convert the small current from electron pumps to easily measurable voltage without lowering precision.


Hitachi High Technologies is On the Frontlines of Science Education Outreach Programs. Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation (Hitachi High-Tech), a global leader in the electron microscope industry, is working to inspire a new generation of achievement in science education. In loaning out its tabletop microscopes Hitachi High-Tech is tackling the problem of waning interest in science education, which is becoming a global issue throughout all industrialized nations. Hitachi High-Tech aims to become the global leader in providing high-tech solutions, and its support for science extends beyond Japan to North America, South America, and Europe.


Type of funding sources: None.

 Long-term survivors of Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) lymphomas experience late adverse effects of mediastinal radiotherapy and/or anthracycline containing chemotherapy, which lead to premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is unknown whether early stages of myocardial dysfunction and heart failure in these survivors can be detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

 To identify early sensitive markers for the detection of subclinical late cardiotoxicity using CMR in asymptomatic survivors of HL and (primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma) NHL.

 For this prospective observational study, we included 80 HL or selected NHL survivors, who have been free of disease for ≥5 years and were treated with mediastinal radiotherapy (RT) with/without chemotherapy. Patients with known cardiac disease were excluded. Included patients were compared to 40 age- and sex matched healthy controls. CMR included 1) cine imaging for assessment of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) dimensions, systolic function and strain; 2) 2-dimensional late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging; 3) T2 mapping and 4) pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping (MOLLI) for assessment of native T1 values and extracellular volume (ECV).

 Of the 80 patients, 78 (98%) had a history of HL and 2 (2%) of NHL with a mean age of 47 ± 11 years (46% male). All patients were treated with mediastinal RT which was combined with anthracycline containing chemotherapy in 68 (85%) patients. The median interval between diagnosis and CMR was 20 [14 – 26] years. Differences in CMR characteristics between patients and healthy controls are shown in the table. LV end-systolic volume was statistically significantly higher, but LV ejection fraction and mass were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls. RV volumes were significantly lower in patients, but RV ejection fraction was preserved. Strain parameters of the LV, i.e. global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain and global radial strain, were slightly but significantly reduced in patients. No significant differences were found in myocardial T2 times and ECV; however, native myocardial T1 time was significantly higher in patients compared to healthy controls. LGE was detected in 25% of the patients and in the majority of patients with LGE this was classified as hinge point fibrosis.

 Asymptomatic survivors of HL and NHL are not exempt of late cardiotoxicity, which can be detected by subtle changes in LV myocardial function, strain and native T1 value with CMR. Furthermore, late gadolinium enhancement was present in 25% of the patients. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess the implication of these changes in relation to clinical outcome.


Six compounds were obtained from the roots of Uvaria calamistrata Hance by extraction with 95% ethanol,partition between different solvent systems and chromatography on open silica gel column.The structures of the compounds were identified as(-)1,6-desoxypipoxide(1),piperenol A(2),zeylena(3),grandifloracin(4),cis-cinnamic acid(5),and benzoic acid(6)by spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS.


A running compressor generates a huge amount of data every day. Some of the data contains useful information that allows the user to determine in advance whether the machine will fail or not. Forecasting in advance cannot only avoid the huge loss caused by unnecessary downtime but also ensure the safety of staff. The main tasks of compressor condition monitoring include data acquisition, data preprocessing, data analysis, alarm module, response strategy analysis, etc. Prediction is one of the tasks of condition monitoring. This paper mainly studies the performance of different time prediction models on the running data produced by a centrifugal compressor. In the data preprocessing part, this paper uses Bayesian wavelet denoising and probabilistic principal component analysis methods proposed by the research group to remove the useless parts in the data. In the part of time series model, the prediction performance of LSTM, GRU and ARIMA on the same dataset is compared. The comparative results indicate that since the dataset is non-stationary, the LSTM and GRU outperform the statistical ARIMA model.


Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) commonly causes orolabial infection, but can also infect the genital mucosa. In contrast, HSV‐2 is usually genital. Genital herpes can transmit the virus vertically to the fetus during pregnancy. We sought to estimate the prevalence of HSV‐1/2 on the maternal and fetal sides of the placenta.


In this paper, a novel quasi-proportional resonance (quasi-PR) controller for grid-connected current control is proposed. For the traditional quasi-PR controller, the performance decreases in cases when a large gird frequency deviation is going through. To solve the problem, a frequency adaptive structure is applied in the current control method to achieve online correction on the resonance frequency, so that a high control accuracy is maintained and the robustness of the control system is enhanced. The feasibility of the proposed method has been verified by experimental results.


The present invention discloses an optical pickup device capable of detecting and compensating for spherical aberration according to the thickness change of the recording layer of the optical recording medium. The optical pickup device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a light source for emitting light; An objective lens for forming a light spot on an optical recording medium by focusing the light emitted from the light source; Optical branching means for such that the light source and to be located between the objective lens, by splitting the light emitted by the light source one main spot and two sub-spots formed on the optical recording medium; Detector for respectively detecting the light amount of the light spot and a sub of the main spot reflected by the optical recording medium; To be located between the light source and the objective lens, a beam splitter for directing the light reflected from the optical recording medium in the detector; Signal generating circuit for generating a tracking error signal, a focusing error signal and each of the spherical aberration signal according to the output of said detector; And to be located between the objective lens and the beam splitter, the spherical aberration compensation element for compensating the spherical aberration in accordance with the signal generated by the signal generation circuit of the spherical aberration caused by thickness variation; characterized in that it comprises a.


ciple 1 of the IAW's initial International Declaration of Principles, dated 1902: "Men and women are born equally free and independent members of the human race, equally endowed with intelligence and ability, and equally entitled to free exercise of their individual rights and liberty." Thus, it is not in any way incongruous that, alongside the IAW birthday greetings and tributes, each contribution echoes with the frank, but important, reminder contained in Rebecca Cook's essay on the enforcement of the Women's Convention: "Violations of women's international human rights continue to be cruel and massive. In many countries, violations remain not simply unremedied. but unnoticed as discriminatory or as an affront to the dignity of women" (p.29). The volume's essays break down into two major categories—general and particular—but all converge on the theme of equality. Alongside Cook in the general category one finds Margherita Rendel on the gap between theory and practice in human rights protection; Katherine O'Donovan on the problems created by law's universal "human" subject: Ute Gerhard on a re-reading of freedom, equality and dignity: and the editor. Alice YotopoulosMarangopoulos. on democracy, equality and the history of human rights. The latter, "special issues" category of essays raises a range of subjects and includes Athena Petraki Kottis on the "glass ceiling" in employment: Koula Kassimati's comparison of inequality in education and employment in Greece: Eva Kolstad on Scandinavian successes with equality ombuds: and two separate pieces on pornography. I did experience a number of problems with this volume. The essays are of too varied a style and of oddly inconsistent length. The production quality is not high. On occasion the reader has to work hard to fit the essays to the volume's title. Women's Rights, Human Rights. That said, the volume's tribute is timely and appropriate: without the work of women's NGOs, the Vienna. Cairo and Beijing Conferences might never have been able to declare "women's rights, human rights".


The study elicited over 100 ideas for Space Processing. Of the elicited ideas, more than 20% involved processing of biologicals, or related medical and life sciences applications. Among these were High Purity Separation of Isoenzymes, and Development of Biorhythms applications data. Program planning for four products is outlined. Experimentation and testing resulted in definition of nearly 70 series of tests in ground-based laboratories, sounding rockets, etc., and space shuttle. Development schedules established timing and interrelationships of decisions involved in carrying these products to the point of production. The potential profitability of the four products is determined. Resources needed to achieve full scale production included use of shuttle for transportation, for which cost apportionment model was developed. R and D resources for the four products totalled $46,000,000 with Isoenzymes requiring the smallest expenditure, $4,000,000. A computerized profitability model (INVEST) was used to determine the measures of profitability of each product. Results build confidence that there will be a payoff.


ABSTRACT Producing biochar from poultry litter through slow pyrolysis is a farm-based, value added approach to recycle organic residues. Experiments were conducted to examine how heat treatments affected the final composition of carbonized and pyrolyzed material in relation to immediate analysis and gravimetric yield to assess agronomic performance value. These processes were carried out in porcelain containers containing samples of poultry litter and placed in a muffle furnace. The treatments corresponded to three temperatures: samples carbonized at 250 °C (CPL) and pyrolyzed at 350 and 450 °C (PPL). Samples were analyzed in relation to the volatile content, fixed carbon, ash, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and zero charge point (ZCP). The PPL350 and PPL450 biochars had the highest ash contents and the lowest fixed carbon, moisture and gravimetric yields. The increase in temperatures used in the process resulted in higher pH and electrical conductivity values. In addition, the ZCP value, with the exception of CPL250, showed the presence of negative charges on the surface of the biochars.


Selected MAGSAT data are used to derive a spherical harmonic model of the earth's internal magnetic field of degree and order 23. The power spectrum, with terms of the form (Mauersberger, 1956; Lowes, 1974):

Rn=(n+1)∑m=0n((gnm)2+(hnm)2),

is computed. It exhibits a distinct change of slope at about n = 14 which is interpreted to mean that the field from the core dominates for n ⩽ 13 and the field from the crust for n ⩾ 15. The two portions of the spectrum are well represented by: Rn = 1.349 × 109 (0.270)n (nT)² for the core and Rn = 37.1 (0.974)n (nT)² for the crust. These representations can be used to establish order of magnitude inaccuracies in core field models due to crustal fields and due to inability to "observe" the core field wavelengths beyond n = 13 which are totally obscured by the crustal field.


A zero failure always exists in modern electronic products and its reliability based on zero-failure data has become a problem that needs to be solved to improve the reliability of the whole equipment. This paper solved the problem of parameter selection in the E-Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian estimation methods and then applied these two Bayesian methods to the zero-failure data of an electric control system for its reliability analysis. Different prior distribution and different parameters are considered in the experiment. The performances using two methods are compared. The experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the failure rate estimation of the electronic control system. It provides a reference for the reliability analyses of other industrial products.


The invention relates to an oil supply pressure for the double clutch (1) of a motor vehicle, preferably for the two clutches (K1, K2) of the double clutch (1) of a dual clutch transmission, wherein for the first clutch (K1) and the second clutch (K2) having a common hub (2) for arrangement on an input shaft of a transmission, preferably of the double-clutch transmission, is provided, for the realization of the oil pressure supply to the first and second clutch (K1, K2) a first and second oil supply (5, 6) is provided, wherein the first oil supply (5) is formed as a hydraulic rotary inlet and the hub (2) at least one leading to the pressure chamber of the first clutch (7) for this purpose - first - hub oil agent channel (8). The space requirement is reduced by the fact that for the second oil supply (6) for the second clutch (K2) at least one oil agent channel (9) in an input shaft (3, 4) in such a way and / or is formed so that this oil agent channel (9) provided with a in the hub (2) second hub oil medium channel (10) is fluidly connected, so that the second oil supply (6) via the oil medium passage (9) of the input shaft and the second hub-oil medium channel (10) to the pressure chamber of the second clutch (11) is realized.


It seemed straightforward on its surface: a minimal-risk study to look at financial incentives for evidence-based treatment of hypertension. In the end, however, it took 27 months and 115 submissio...


The quantitative structure-activity relationship(QSAR) of xylanase in G/11 family was studied based on the the stepwise regression,the correlation coefficient of the model was 0.975 and model reached a significant level(p 0.000 1).The optimal pH of xylanases was calculated based on the model and the results was shown as below: there were only two xylanses with the deviation between the calculated pHs the optimum pHs larger than 0.6,while there 6 xylanases with the deviation less than 0.1 the mean absolute percent error was 5.91%,the mean absolute error were 0.26 pH unit,respectively.It was superior when compared with the reported stepwise regression model based on dipeptide composition.Meanwhile,by comparing the calculating results with the crystal structure of xylanse,in 1YNA,the six amino acids were Pro,Leu,Val,Aal and Tyr,the first three amino acids were located in the seventh turn,which meant that they were suit for mutation.


The primary objective of the of the IFE Reactor Design Studies was to provide the Office of Fusion Energy with an evaluation of the potential of inertial fusion for electric power production. The term reactor studies is somewhat of a misnomer since these studies included the conceptual design and analysis of all aspects of the IFE power plants: the chambers, heat transport and power conversion systems, other balance of plant facilities, target systems (including the target production, injection, and tracking systems), and the two drivers. The scope of the IFE Reactor Design Studies was quite ambitious. The majority of our effort was spent on the conceptual design of two IFE electric power plants, one using an induction linac heavy ion beam (HIB) driver and the other using a Krypton Fluoride (KrF) laser driver. After the two point designs were developed, they were assessed in terms of their (1) environmental and safety aspects; (2) reliability, availability, and maintainability; (3) technical issues and technology development requirements; and (4) economics. Finally, we compared the design features and the results of the assessments for the two designs.


Harrison states that he hopes the text will go (some way to demystifying the whole subject'. The book is aimed at the clinical medical student and is split into three sections dealing with history and examination, common problems and investigations. The section on history and examination is concise and well structured. It was pleasing to see the inclusion of colour plates illustrating normal and abnormal fundi since diagrams rarely give an accurate impression of what will be seen when confronting a patient with an ophthalmoscope. The photographs and illustrations of the motor and sensory examination and typical patterns of loss are excellent in their clarity. The 'common problems' section attempts to break down the subject in terms of symptoms. This is adequately dealt with considering that only 48 pages are devoted to it. However, neurological disorders are often complex, with many symptoms. Although it deals specifically with the neurological examination, many students will reach for this book when faced with a neurological case. To get information on a common neurological disorder such as Parkinson's disease one would need to refer to six different sections. Perhaps a small section could have specifically dealt with the commoner neurological disorders so that the typical features of these conditions could be easily accessed by the reader. In the 'investigations' the standard investigative techniques used in neurology are reviewed. The discussion of electromyography, nerve conduction studies, evoked potentials, electroencephalography and electronystagmography can provide only a brief overview of these subjects but the information contained would certainly be adequate for any medical student. Indeed, many a physician doing a ward round would be horrified to be questioned by a student about the significance of the 'M' response and 'F' waves of the patient lying before them. The section on neuroimaging is well illustrated although a few of the plates are rather small and of relatively poor resolution, particularly the computerized tomography images. The acid test was to circulate the book amongst the medical students attached to our department. Approval was unanimous. A few felt that, although this book is dedicated to clinical skills, an indication of the prevalence and incidence of the neurological disorders would have been useful. Perhaps most significant of all is that the book disappeared with two student firms,re emerging only after the end of clinical exams. Other student oriented books on the clinical examination may discuss the examination technique in more detail. However, Professor Harrison's book wins in its clarity of text and quality of diagrams and photographs. I recommend it as a general introduction to the clinical neurological skills required in medicine. It is cheap enough for most students to afford.


Abstract Nylon is used as a gear material thanks to its beneficial characteristics, such as self-lubrication, noiseless and fail-safe operation. Poor resistance to heat, dimensional stability, shock and impact loads are major drawbacks of nylon when used in engineering applications. The addition of a nanofiller to a nylon matrix can enhance its mechanical and vibrational properties. Montmorillonite nanoclay (Cloisite 15 A, Cloisite 20 A and Cloisite 30B) modified with ammonium salt was incorporated into the Nylon 6 matrix by solution mixing and melt mixing. Nanoclay with 1, 2 and 3 wt.-% were added to the nylon matrix and the resulting mechanical and free vibration characteristics were determined. The experimental results of the mechanical and free vibration behavior were compared with the ANSYS results. Tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, specific strength, specific stiffness, natural frequency and damping factor were found to increase as the weight percentage of the nanoclay in the nylon matrix increased. Cloisite 30B nanocomposite shows better mechanical and free vibration characteristics when compared with pure Nylon 6, Cloisite 15 A and Cloisite 20 A nanocomposites. The Cloisite 30B nano-composite was prepared with 2 wt.-% shows maximum mechanical and free vibration performance.


The invention relates to an air filter for filtering induced air for internal combustion engines. Said air filter comprises a filter housing (10) which has an air inlet and outlet (11, 12) and at least one water run-off (18), said water run-off being located on the housing floor (101); and a replaceable filter mat (13) which is situated in the filter housing (10) between the air inlet and the air outlet (11, 12). According to the invention, a water separator (19) is located in the filter housing (10), upstream of the filter mat (13), and means for forming a water level (23) in the water run-off (18) at a height that will compensate the negative pressure acting on said water run-off in the filter housing (10) are provided in the at least one water run-off (18). This ensures that water particles are separated from the induced air and that the water that is separated is optimally discharged from the filter housing (10).


The DIGILOG leading `1'-first, recursive multiplication algorithm and its efficient mapping onto a VLSI architecture is presented. Multiplication accuracy is studied and the accuracy control method is discussed. Due to low chip area requirements, DIGILOG exhibits a good area/time product that supports highly parallel operation of many small computational elements on a chip; it permits a trade-off of computational accuracy versus throughput. A prototype chip is presented that contains nine reconfigurable DIGILOG elements on a CMOS 1.2¿m 2nd generation sea-of-gates GATE FOREST. Depending on the selected accuracy, the chip achieves a maximum operation rate of up to 360 million 8-bit multiplications per second. The chip can be configured to perform filtering operations ranging from one-dimensional FIR-filtering to low-level image processing algorithms.


Background The association between the 9p21-3 locus and coronary heart disease (CHD) is well known. We performed a systematic review of the literature to assess whether this locus was associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Data Sources Multiple relevant electronic databases were searched through September 2012 for English language studies with comparative design. Data extraction We tested the association of the 9p21-3 locus: 1) measures of severity of coronary atherosclerosis [number of diseased vessels, Gensini Score, Duke CHD Prognostic Index (Dc.PI)]. 2) angiographic outcomes [change in minimum lumen diameter ([[Unable to Display Character: ∆]]MLD) and number of new lesions at follow-up] and 3) key clinical outcomes (all-cause mortality, recurrent myocardial infarction and need for coronary revascularization). Genotypes were classified either as homozygous low risk (Lo) or homozygous high risk (Hi). Data Synthesis Relative risks (RR) were pooled using the random effects model. Seventeen distinct data sets that included 15,826 participants were analyzed. Ten studies (n=9807) reported number of diseased vessels at baseline. Hi genotype was associated with a 33.7% increased risk of triple vessel disease (95% CI 1.08-1.65; p=0.01). The Hi genotype was associated 0.27 higher baseline Gensini Score (95% CI 0.04-0.48; p=0.01) in 3787 individuals. The locus was not associated with Dc.PI [RR=0.21 (95% CI -0.14-0.55; p=0.25)]. The high risk genotype did not predict [[Unable to Display Character: ∆]]MLD or number of new lesions at follow-up. There was no difference between Hi and Lo genotypes in terms of all-cause mortality [RR=1.13 (95%CI 0.90-1.41;p=0.28)], recurrent myocardial infarction (95%CI 0.92-1.40; p=0.24) or frequency of coronary revascularization [RR=1.101 95% CI (0.78-1.57); p=0.56]. Conclusion An association between 9p21-3 and greater baseline severity of coronary atherosclerosis was seen in this meta-analysis. However no association was seen between 9p21-3 and adverse angiographic and clinical outcomes which may be due to diminishing genetic risk following dietary modification and statin therapy.


The importance of Road and Transportation Project Management Cycle contributions internationally and encourages further development initiative to support Middle Eastern region and United Arab Emirates (UAE) roads and transport. UAE's infrastructure project failure rate has been estimated to be as high as 50%. The general objective of this study is to assess the relationship between project management process, technological orientation and Infrastructure performance in United Arab Emirates (UAE). A cross-sectional study was carried out for this purpose. For this study the target population was an employee of RTA. However, population was the officer, managers, and engineer who worked in RTA for this research. The questionnaire was pilot tested for content validity with a sample of 36 employees. To ensure a high rate of response, structured-short and self-administrated questions, and mostly closed questions were prepared. The required sample size for this study was estimated to be 361. Because the current study employed quantitative methodology, statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 24 and AMOS 21. The results of structural equation modelling showed that there is significant relationship between project management process and technological orientation (β = 0.313, t = 6.686, p ≤ .05), project management process and infrastructure performance (β = 0.331, t = 6.431, p ≤ .05) and technological orientation and infrastructure performance (β = 0.411, t = 7.346, p ≤ .05). The study also found that there is a significant partial mediating effect of technological orientation between project management process and infrastructure performance. This study concluded that firms can improve infrastructure performance through the incorporation of technological tools. It is further concluded that dimensions of project management process are the important determinants that support performance. Therefore, the study encourages firms' management to pursue technology in improving infrastructure performance in today's competitive and digital era.
Keywords: Road and transportation, Project management, Technological orientation, Infrastructure performance, United Arab Emirates


Four step photoresist process for etching thick aluminum layers for semiconductor device contacts produces uniform contact surfaces, eliminates bridging, minimizes undercutting, and may be used on various materials of any thickness.


A modified high-temperature arc furnace was used to produce carbon nanotubes from carbon black by a solid-state transformation without a catalyst. The layer of carbon nanotubes thus formed was nearly pure with only a minor amount of carbon black particles. The properties of these nanotubes were found to be very similar to those produced by the conventional arc synthesis. Based on this process, a mechanism for the growth of these nanotubes is proposed. In addition, field-emission properties of these nanotubes were comparable to the properties of arc-grown carbon nanotubes.


This article describes the problems of the banking market and capability to improve profitability through the introduction of probabilistic customers assessment system


Comprising two cores (HS), including the step of forming a wax pattern of the femoral head, the hollow casting an artificial hip head (22 '). The first core is a central socket forming core (116), the second core is a ceramic hollow form core (118). Wax pattern captures core extension (112, 114) therein, to form a shell, and is coated with ceramic slurry. Wax is melted, is evacuated, the shell is subjected to fire so as to form a casting. Metal is cast, when cooled, is removed and the shell and the core, each of the apertures in the head are sealed by the hollow forming the core.


The recent economic crisis highlights the role of financial markets in allowing economic agents, including prominent banks, to speculate on the future returns of different financial assets, such as mortgage-backed securities. This paper introduces a dynamic general equilibriummodel with aggregate shocks, endogeneously incomplete markets and heterogeneous agents to investigate this role of financial markets. In addition to their risk aversion and endowments, agents differ in their beliefs about the future exogenous states (aggregate and idiosyncratic) of the economy. This difference in beliefs induces them to take large bets under frictionless complete financial markets, which enable agents to leverage their future wealth. Consequently, as hypothesized by Friedman (1953), under complete markets, agents with incorrect beliefs will eventually be driven out of the markets. In this case, they also have no influence on asset prices in the long run. In contrast, I show that under incomplete markets generated by collateral constraints, agents with heterogeneous (potentially incorrect) beliefs survive in the long run and the movement in the financial wealth distribution between agents with different beliefs permanently drive up asset price volatility. The movement in wealth distribution between agents with different beliefs also generates complex dynamics of asset prices, such as debt-deflation and fire-sale, and booms, busts, and bubbles. Laslty, tighter financial regulation in this framework surprisingly increases the long run financial wealth of agents with incorrect beliefs as well as asset price volatility. ∗I am grateful to Daron Acemoglu and Ivan Werning for their infinite support and guidance during my time at MIT. I wish to thank Guido Lorenzoni and Robert Townsend for their advice since the beginning of this project, to thank Ricardo Caballero and MIT Macro seminar, Macro Lunch, Theory Lunch, International breakfast participants for helpful comments and discussions. I also thank Markus Brunnermeier, Behzad Diba, John Geanakoplos, Mark Huggett, Felix Kubler, Dirk Krueger, Per Krusell, and other participants at conferences and seminars at UCLA, Georgetown, Princeton, UCL, LSE, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Yale, Cowles Foundation, SED meeting in Montreal, Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics, NYUColumbia NBER mathematical economics meeting for comments and discussions on the later versions of the paper. †Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Based on the data of the damage on pines by Hemibrlesia pitysophica, the result showed that during 5-year survey the average middle and heavy damage of Pinus thunbergii,Pinus massomniana and Pinus ellottii accounted for 76.9%,57.8% and 13.3% respectively;during 3-year survey the average dead trees of P.thunbergii,P.massomniana and P.ellottii accounted for 9.8%,1.3% and 0.069% respectively.More damage happened to P.thunbergii than to P.massomniana,then to P.ellottii,so P.ellottii was suggested to plant in the area where H.pitysophica was epidemic.


: In this study, we have investigated the mixing kinetics and flow patterns of non-spherical particles in a horizontal double paddle blender using both experiments and the discrete element method (DEM). The experimental data were obtained using image analysis from a rotary drum containing cubical and cylindrical particles. Then, the experimental data were used in order to calibrate the DEM model. Using the calibrated DEM model, the effects of operating parameters such as vessel fill level, particle loading arrangement, and impeller rotational speed on the mixing performance were examined. The diffusivity coefficient was calculated to assess the mixing performance.


In this paper we have introduced the notion of relative n-annihilators around a fixed element n of a nearlattice S which is used to generalize several results on relatively nearlattices. We have also given some characterizations of distributive and modular nearlattices in terms of relative n- annihilators. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/rujs.v38i0.16545 Rajshahi University J. of Sci. 38 , 17-24 (2010)


1Department of Energy Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36003, Taiwan 3Department of Materials and Minerals Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan 5Department of Chemistry and Physics, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA


The teaching of reading comprehension is a key part as well as the core of Chinese teaching.The article,starting with learners' interest,takes up a probe on how to motivate learners' interest in reading by transforming teaching modes from the point of learners' interest,tapping the"beauty points"in the text to train learners' imagination and thinking and give priority to steering learners to read leisurely.


We present a model-independent method of quantifying galaxy evolution in high-resolution images, a method which we apply to the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). Our procedure is to k-correct all pixels belonging to the images of a complete set of bright galaxies and then to replicate each galaxy image to higher redshift by the product of its space density, 1/Vmax, and the cosmological volume. The set of bright galaxies is itself selected from the HDF, because presently the HDF provides the highest quality UV images of a redshift-complete sample of galaxies (31 galaxies with I < 21.9, =0.5, for which V/Vmax is spread fairly). These galaxies are bright enough to permit accurate pixel-by-pixel k-corrections into the rest frame UV (~2000 Å). We match the shot noise, spatial sampling, and point-spread function smoothing of the HDF data, resulting in entirely empirical and parameter-free "no-evolution" deep fields of galaxies for direct comparison with the HDF. In addition, the overcounting rate and the level of incompleteness can be accurately quantified by this procedure. We obtain the following results. Faint HDF galaxies (I > 24) are much smaller, more numerous, and less regular than our no-evolution extrapolation, for any interesting geometry. A higher proportion of HDF galaxies "dropout" in both U and B, indicating that some galaxies are brighter at higher redshifts than our "cloned" z ~ 0.5 population.