The last two decades have seen significant economic advancements in Cambodia. However, high poverty levels remain, particularly in rural communities. Poverty, in conjunction with work scarcity, often leads to the disruption of the nuclear family as parents may have to migrate to find work. As a result, children are often the most vulnerable in a landscape of broken families, many living with grandparents or are placed in residential care facilities as "orphans", despite having living parents. This article stems from a broader body of doctoral research in the area of trauma and resilience. This research project interviewed 40 participants, incorporating a resilience scale and timeline alongside a qualitative interview technique. The focus of this article underscores attachment and social connectedness in the recovery from trauma for 26 young people (aged 18-30) that were interviewed for this study. This article presents some of the key findings that capture the voices of young Cambodian trauma survivors (many of whom are orphans) who have lived experiences of broken families, jails and institutions, residential and/or foster care. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance that healthy relational interactions and attachment in buffering the impact of childhood trauma.


A novel soft strain sensor capable of withstanding strains of up to 100% is described. The sensor is made of a hyperelastic silicone elastomer that contains embedded microchannels filled with conductive liquids. This is an effort of improving the previously reported soft sensors that uses a single liquid conductor. The proposed sensor employs a hybrid approach involving two liquid conductors: an ionic solution and an eutectic gallium-indium alloy. This hybrid method reduces the sensitivity to noise that may be caused by variations in electrical resistance of the wire interface and undesired stress applied to signal routing areas. The bridge between these two liquids is made conductive by doping the elastomer locally with nickel nanoparticles. The design, fabrication, and characterization of the sensor are presented.


This review reports the main experimental results on superconducting lattice and electron properties of high-temperature superconductors of the type La2−xSrxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7 obtained at three institutes of the Ural Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Sverdlovsk. Special attention is paid to investigations of structural phase transitions, heat capacity, optic and magnetic properties, NMR relaxation and the role of radiation disordering under the influence of fast neutron irradiation. In conclusion, a brief review of possible theories to explain high-temperature superconductivity in metal oxides is given.


Article history: Received April 4 2016 Received in Revised Format April 27 2016 Accepted May 6 2016 Available online May 6 2016 A sequential production line is defined as a set of sequential operations within a factory or distribution center whereby entities undergo one or more processes to produce a final product. Sequential production lines may gain efficiencies such as increased throughput or reduced work in progress by utilizing specific configurations while maintaining the chronological order of operations. One problem identified by the authors via a case study is that, some of the configurations, such as work cell or U-shaped production lines that have groups of buffers, often increase the space utilization. Therefore, many facilities do not take advantage of the configuration efficiencies that a work cell or U-shaped production line provide. To solve this problem, the authors introduce the concept of a buffer cluster. The production line implemented with one or more buffer clusters maintains the throughput of the line, identical to that with dedicated buffers, but with the clusters reduces the buffer storage space. The paper derives a time based parametric model that determines the sizing of the buffer cluster, provides a reduced time space for which to search for the buffer cluster sizing, and determines an optimal buffer clustering policy that can be applied to any N-server, N+1-buffer sequential line configuration with deterministic processing time. This solution reduces the buffer storage space utilized while ensuring no overflows or underflows occur in the buffer. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates how the buffer clustering policy serves as an input into a facility layout tool that provides the optimal production line layout. © 2016 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved


Background. Mucus glycoproteins are often present in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, and their detection and quantification can be used in serologic diagnosis.


Personal student response systems have been used in large classes which allows instructors to propose questions during a lecture and gain feedback on student understanding of the material. Electronic pooling is helpful in measuring the understanding of the fundamental concepts in challenging thermal science courses like thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics. Focused true/false and multiple choice questions have been used. Because the feedback is from all respondents and nearly instantaneous, it has been found that adaptive questions are a good way to focus instruction in the areas of students' difficulties. An effective practice is to rephrase and repeat questions at the end of a lecture or the start of the next lecture. The technique of adaptive questioning is effective at addressing common persistent misunderstandings. Examples of the sequence of questions are described. Student feedback shows the use of frequent and persistent questions which focus on fundamental concepts are effective at improving student mastery of fundamental concepts.


Programmed cell death protein 1–programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade immunotherapy has shown notable therapeutic benefit in metastatic melanoma, but the clinical relevance of PD‐L1 expression remains unclear in melanoma, especially in acral melanoma, which is the most common subtype in Asians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of PD‐L1 expression in primary acral melanoma.


This work presents a performance analysis of software implementations of ciphers that are specially designed for the domain of ubiquitous computing. The analysis focuses on the special properties of embedded devices that need to be taken into account like cost (given by memory consumption) and energy requirements. The discussed ciphers include DESL, HIGHT, SEA, and TEA/XTEA. Assembler implementations of the ciphers for an 8-bit AVR microcontroller platform were analyzed and compared with a byte-oriented AES implementation. While all ciphers fail to outperform AES on the discussed 8-bit platform, TEA/XTEA and SEA at least consume significantly less memory than the AES.


—When designing human robot communication interface, applying non-verbal interaction modalities such as robot motions is useful. Such modalities should be designed to augment verbal communication contents and set a mood for effective human robot interactions. Designing and implementing a set of useful robot motions, however, is a difficult problem. It requires developers to describe instructions for accurately controlling motors embedded in the robot. In this paper, the authors propose a method for generating a variety of robot motions using human gestures. The proposed method captures human gestures in real time by using motion tracking techniques, converting the acquired data to robot motion instructions, and applying them to a physical robot. We developed a prototype system targeted at supporting multiple motion tracking techniques and physical humanoid robots. We also conducted experiments for controlling the robots by human gestures to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. It can promote better human robot communication environments with reducing labors in robot motion development.


This study represents a modern system of acquisition and processing of data obtained through the multi-frequency microwave meteorological complex which was designed for the operational control of state meteorological moisture targets with compensation of background noise. Furthermore the author deals with the structure and main parameters of the functional units of the experimental data collection and processing systems. The paper contains the results of experimental studies of the winter atmosphere, obtained through the multi-frequency microwave radiometric system monitoring meteorological formations.


Recently, the combination of VLSI and liquid crystal technologies has resulted in a number of compact, high density spatial light modulators. In this paper, we present results on the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a novel, optically addressed VLSI/FLC de vice for insertion into a bipolar optoelectronic learning machine. The device consists of eight pixels, representing neurons. Each nueron consists of two photodetectors, a comparator, circuitry for target values, switching circuitry, and two output modulation pads. A thin layer of smectic C* FLC (SCE-13) is sandwiched between the VLSI chip and a piece of glass coated with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) acting as an electrode. To operate the device, a 2.5 V de bias is applied on the TCO electrode, and either 5 V or 0 V is provided on the modulation pads. The voltage on each pad is determined by the optical intensity and the target value. The device demonstrated an on / off contrast ratio of 5:1, a 10 90% rise time of 3 ms (limited by the low voltage placed across the FLC), and an input optical sensitivity of 2 nW/cm2.


In this paper, we focus on designing a real-time risk management system. The system will be using CME SPAN and will consist of a multithreaded daemon process to evaluate portfolios using SPAN calculation engines and programs to determine parameters fed to SPAN. SPAN parameters can be estimated by several methods using historical data. One of the goals is to determine the best method for each parameter for every asset class. The other goal is to develop a responsive system to analyze portfolios and orders in real-time and to update the portfolio risks accordingly. Ultimately when these two parts are combined, we"ll be constructing a real-time system to evaluate portfolio risks and to determine optimum margin requirements. General Terms Finance, exchanges, computer aided decision making


According to Havelock Ellis, sexual activities, entirely and by preference outside the range in which procreation is possible, may fairly be considered abnormal, ie., they are deviations. In order to remain within the normal range, all variations must, at some point, include the procreative end for which sex exists. Of course, one should substitute heterosexual genital contact for the term, procreation, in this definition, since the latter term excludes the normal use of birth control measures. There are serious difficulties in attempting to divide sexual behavior into the dichotomies, normal and abnormal. In reality, there exist kinds of sexual behavior common to the great majority of individuals, and types of sexual behavior which are different in some form or another. The term, aberrant, which literally means straying or wandering away from a straight path, is a good term to apply to these deviations from the average. All too commonly, physicians and others judge these aberrations in sex behavior with inadequate information by their own standard of what is normal or average. It is most important that the knowledge of the average sex conduct of human beings should be widely disseminated, with particular emphasis on the broad variations encountered. Numerous anthropological investigations of the sex life of primitives, and the sex data of contemporary Americans gathered by Kinsey and his group, are exceedingly valuable sources of such information. It is evident that the relationship of an individual's sex conduct to the mores of the group is a determining factor in the consideration of its aberrant quality. However, many sex acts, such as mouthgenital contacts, etc., are utilized by many as preliminary to heterosexual genital contact. Are these, too, to be considered aberrant? We think not. Aberrant sex behavior can best be defined as sex activity utilized by preference as an end-point in gratification, despite the opportunity and ready availability of heterosexual genital contact. The term, perversion, as applied to sexual deviation, is mentioned only to be condemned. It conveys a moral judgment which, unfortunately, is already too deeply ingrained in social thought. Aberrant sexual behavior may be divided into the following types:


Using the theory of planned behavior,social exchange theory,uniqueness theory and sensation seeking theory.The research model is empirically tested by PLS-based structure equation model using data from 347 consumers participated in one of eight virtual co-creation projects in China.Our empirical findings reveal that expectations of self-image enhancement,expectations of expertise enhancement,demands for unique consumer products and sensation seeking needs are salient factors in shaping virtual consumer co-creation attitude.Virtual consumer co-creation attitude,sense of partnership with the producer and virtual consumer co-creation self-efficacy affect virtual consumer co-creation intention positively.Virtual consumer co-creation intention,sense of partnership with the producer and virtual consumer co-creation self-efficacy are positively related to virtual consumer co-creation behavior.


An interpretive and constructive understanding of information can be developed by drawing on a number of premises of autopoiesis in combination with Spencer-Brown's laws of form. Such understanding views information as selfreferential meaning construction by observing an object. Therefore, information can be perceived as form resulted from individuals' making distinction of their environment. By analyzing forms — token of indications — one can empirically understand what information is constructed. Such investigation is a qualitative exploration of human actions and


A parametric source of polarization entangled photon pairs with peculiar spatial characteristics allows to generate any kind of bi‐partite entangled states with tunable dgree of entanglement and mixedness. In particular, maximally entangled mixed states (MEMS) have been created in a reliable way by a "patchwork" technique and investigated by quantum tomography. By the same source, momentum‐polarization hyper‐entangled two‐photon states have been synthesized. The quality of the entanglement in the two degrees of freedom has been tested by multimode Hong‐Ou‐Mandel interferometry.


For using software applications, user interfaces that can be used includes command line, graphical user interface (GUI), menu driven, form-based, natural language, etc. The mainstream user interfaces include GUI and web-based, but occasionally the need for an alternative user interface arises. A chatbot based conversational user interface fits into this space. The chatbot is a class of bots that have existed in the chat platforms. The user can interact with them via graphical interfaces or widgets, and the trend is in this direction. They generally provide a stateful service i.e. the application saves data of each session. On a college's website, one often doesn't know where to search for some kind of information. It becomes difficult to extract information for a person who is not a student or employee there. The solution to these comes up with a college inquiry chat bot, a fast, standard and informative widget to enhance college website's user experience and provide effective information to the user. Chat bots are an intelligent system being developed using artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) algorithms. It has an effective user interface and answers the queries related to examination cell, admission, academics, users' attendance and grade point average, placement cell and other miscellaneous activities.


It is a focus in further developing and exploring GPS technique application to establish a continuous operation reference system(CORS) for satellite navigation and positioning.JSCORS is one of the first province-level CORS in China.The distribution design of JSCORS reference station is an important task of JSCORS construction.Scientific and rational position of reference station is useful for JSCORS to perform an important function steadily.The experiment of JSCORS reference station is helpful to CORS construction in other area.


When that occurs, the proceedings cannot simply be continued. In the event of death, all rights and obligations concerning heritage pass to the heir. In the event of the demise of a party (eg a legal person is dissolved) the situation is similar. Also in this case the entirety of the rights and obligations may pass to another person together with the right to continue proceedings.


Proofs of these relations may be found in [1, 2, 3]. If the polytope ∆ is not simple, then the relations above are not true. A polytope ∆ is said to be integral provided all its vertices belong to the integer lattice. With each integral convex polytope ∆ one associates the toric variety X = X(∆) (see [4, 5, 6, 7]). This is a projective complex algebraic variety, singular in general. It turns out that the intersection cohomology Betti numbers (see [8, 9, 10]) of the toric vairety X are combinatorial invariants of the polytope ∆ (they are calculated in [11, 12]). For example, for simple polytope ∆ we have dim IH(X,C) = hk. The relations above on the h-vector of a simple convex polytope can be deduced from the Poincaré duality and the Hard Lefschetz theorem in the cohomology of X . Each simple polytope is combinatorially equivalent to an integral one. Therefore the study of the h-vector of a simple polytope reduces formally to the study of the intersection cohomology of toric varieties.


Balancing usability and security in user authentication is essential to the adoption of any authentication method. Magnet-based Around Device Interaction (ADI), in allowing 3D gestural signatures around the device, has been shown to be a secure method for user authentication. In this paper, we further verify the usability and security of this method against video-based shoulder surfing attacks, and test the hypothesis that 2-handed gestural signatures could provide an additional layer of security. Our results showed that while 1-handed signatures are to an extent secure and usable, 2-handed input provides a poor tradeoff between usability and security. We discuss the role of 2-handed gestural input for user authentication on mobile devices.


Objective To put forward views on opportunity,indication and complication in patients after emergency PCDV Methods 16 cases of classed Child Pugh C's portal hypertension,who were suffered from posthepatitic cirrhosis (hepatitis B) and confirmed to be lower esophageal variceal splitting hemorrhage by emergency electric gastroscopy, were carried out splenectomy and porto cardia disconnection to stop bleeding. Comprehensive measure was used combining with internal medicine Results Mortality,recurring hemorrhage rate and PHG morbidity were 12 5%,6 25% and 6 25%, respectively.No severe complication was found in survivals who were following up Conclusions It's not a contraindication to patients with classed Child Pugh C's portal hypertension suffered from occurring esophageal variceal splitting greatly hemorrhage.It's necessary to evaluate the indication,pay attention to preoperative preparation and preoperative treatment.Reoccurring hemorrhage and PHG after surgery can be cured by no operation treatment


Poem from the C. B. Moore Collection. The poem is about a cat. The writer describes their companion and how they feel when coming home to their feline friend.


Socio-economic trends are thought to cause a signif ica t change in the dominant type of electricity supply a nd consumption. The current operation of system servic s might become insufficient. In this work local syste m services (LSS), defined as actions performed at a l ocal evel to contribute to the technical and financial stabil ity of the system, are studied as a possible solution. Adaptat ions of the tariff systems will be needed, but legislation offers possibilities to implement these changes.


There is a biennial tendency for the interannual variabilities of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) referred to as the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO). Previous studies have emphasized that land-atmosphere-ocean interactions in association with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) trigger a phase shift of the TBO from one year to another. However, simple lead-lag correlations among the ASM, IOD and ENSO indices reveal that there is a relatively stronger signal of the phase shift of the ASM over two years than one year. Meanwhile, the IOD has been shown to contribute to the TBO by triggering the phase shift of the ENSO by the following winter, although correlations of the ENSO do not identify such a biennial tendency. Through composite analyses, IOD-ENSO coupled events are shown to induce the phase shift of the ENSO within a year, which results in a distinctive TBO pattern of the ASM in the following two years. In contrast, ENSO events without the IOD cannot induce the phase shift, and there is no TBO pattern in the following two years. Thus, IOD-ENSO coupled events and independent ENSO events have contrasting roles in inducing different (two-year and four-year) frequencies of the ASM interannual variability in subsequent years.


Transmission and High Resolution Electron Microscopy have been used to study the dramatic changes in crystalline quality which occur in As-rich In 0.52 Al 0.48 As/InP layers when the growth temperature is lowered. We have found that for temperatures as low as 200°C and for a flux ratio of 20, the layers can be of high quality. For the lowest growth temperature of 150°C, pyramidal defects as well as hexagonal As grains are found which are characteristic of the breakdown of the monocrystalline growth in these layers. A mechanism for the formation of these defects is proposed based on their crystallographic structure. The fast photo response previously observed in these layers must be related to the presence of these defects.


People visiting Giant Panda in Zoo Negara Malaysia is getting more after the birth of the panda cub. Hence, in order to well manage the crowd due to the Giant Panda, the management needs to know further about the visitors' information, interest and their behaviour. There are several aspects to discover and one of the important aspects is safety. Therefore, this study is mainly to determine the visitors' level of awareness on safety instructions in Giant Panda Conservation Centre (GPCC), Zoo Negara. The data for this study was obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary data is collected from the visitors coming to Giant Panda Conservation Centre (GPCC), Zoo Negara through personal interview and questionnaire. Secondary data will be from relevant journals, books, website and internet searches. Data elicitation employed a face-to-face survey approach amongst visitors to GPCC. The results showed that different visitor background will have a different level of awareness on those safety instructions.


The investigation of 20 clinical patients and the autopsy material of 15 cases showed that neuromas of the cystic duct stump following cholecystectomy represent a regular pathomorphologic condition and have no correlation with any postoperative symptoms. Identical morphologic alterations can also be found on arterial stumps after resection of abdominal organs. Therefore, we suggest eliminating the cystic duct neuroma from the list of possible causes of symptoms after cholecystectomy.


All-optical control of FWM phase-matching condition is demonstrated using the Brillouin slow light effect in optical fibers. A 20 dB variation on the wavelength conversion efficiency has been obtained.


Mutant soybean germplasm was developed from a Carpathian-Ukrainian local variety, using 100–300 Gy chronic gamma irradiation to obtain lines with improved oil and/or protein content. The mutant germplasm was developed by the pedigree method. Selection for high oil and protein content started in the M3 generation. Plants with 24.1 and 23.6% oil content in the seeds were detected in the M4 generation. There were negative, moderate (r = –0.4) and significant (P<0.1 and P<0.01) correlations between the oil content and the 1000-seed weight in both the M3 and M4 generations. The fatty acid composition in the seeds of plants with high oil content was favourable. It is suggested that selection for oil content in the seeds should be started in the M4 generation. Due to the limited genetic variation for protein content no mutant genotypes with higher protein content than that of the control could be identified.


 Abstract— The life of a structural part for aerospace use is usually a function of the interactions between the existing component defects, the loading conditions in service as well as the existing residual stresses within the parts. Depending on their type, distribution or magnitude, the residual stresses can be beneficial or destructive for the component. Each of the many manufacturing processes used to produce components always adds to the residual stresses, resulting in a final distribution affecting the mechanical properties and producing dimensional and geometrical distortions for the part features. These may lead to high rejection rates and quality- related problems during component assembly. This paper proposes an experimental approach to determine the influence of existing residual stresses within workpieces on the distortion of parts following machining operations. This study compares parts machined from a special 7475-T7351 aluminum alloy material exempt of residual stresses with those machined using the same alloy type but processed through standard approach leading to embedded residual stresses within the rolled material. The residual stresses were measured before and after the machining process for both material types, using the neutron scattering non-destructive inspection technique. The part deformations were evaluated using a coordinate measuring machine equipped with a laser high density scanning head. The results show that the sample parts machined from standard raw materials underwent deformations while those machined from raw materials with a controlled process underwent none or very few deformations. It was observed that the distribution, signs, and magnitudes of the residual stresses may be at the origin of the deformations measured, which indicates that residual stresses embedded within the raw material are partly responsible for the distortion of the part following the machining operation.


Various reports from the surgical and gastroenterologic literature have stated that the incidence of primary gastric lymphoma has increased. Other reports have claimed that this is a relative increase or represents referral center bias. The current study was designed to determine if the incidence of primary gastric lymphoma has increased in the community hospital setting. A total of 147 cases of gastric neoplasms were reviewed over a 10‐year study period. The cases were divided into two 5‐year periods, i.e., 1978‐82 and 1983‐87. There were two new cases (2.8%) of primary gastric lymphoma in the period 1978‐82 and 11 new cases (19%) in the period 1983‐87. The difference in proportion of primary gastric lymphoma between these two time periods was statistically significant (P = 0.01 by chi‐square analysis). This increased incidence of primary gastric lymphoma is difficult to explain, but it must be recognized by surgeons and endoscopists.


ABSTRACT This paper presents results on characterisation of a lateritic nickel ore of Indian origin (Sukinda, Orissa) by various physical, chemical and thermal techniques. The study also includes quantitative phase analysis (QPA) of high resolution XRD plot using Rietveld structural refinement with the aid of pseudo-Voigt peak shape model. The overburden sample contained four major crystalline phases, namely quartz, goethite, iron chromite and aluminium silicate hydroxide. The information obtained from various techniques corroborated well with the results of Rietveld structural refinement.


Cloud computing is the name given to internet based information systems that are used and shared by users when necessary. The basic purpose of cloud computing is to provide sharing of resources without service infrastructure. Ensuring the security and integrity of these shared resources depend on the country's legislation. This study focuses on cloud computing systems. At the same time, cloud computing in our country and international legislation structure is presented problems and solution suggestions from different angles.


ABSTRACT:Ten graffiti have been identified in the Pompeian House of Marcus Lucretius (IX.3.5, 24), but only one, a captioned drawing of a labyrinth (CIL IV 2331), has received much scholarly attention—though it has long been mislocated in the house. The labyrinth and seven other graffiti cluster near the same room (20) along the garden, and most of these graffiti are thematically unified, including three that refer to Nero (CIL IV 2333, 2335, 2337) and three that identify men as cinaedi (CIL IV 2332, 2334, 2338). This article offers new interpretations of these graffiti by tracing a series of sexually inflected dialogues among them.


The time of pandemic acted as a magnifying glass – directing one's attention to features of printmaking practice that correspond with contemporary condition of humans and their needs in terms of communication, contact and relations. As two female printmakers practicing relief printing techniques and trying to push and expand the range of tools and recipes of our graphic kitchen, we exchange and discuss our personal narratives, experiences and experiments. The keywords that kept reappearing during these last two years were for us: materiality, touch, presence, constantly followed and supplemented by virtuality, distance and representation.

The above notions resonate with Jennifer L. Roberts' series of Mellon Lectures (2021) entitled Contact: Art and the Pull of Print – with  conceptual brackets that can be identified with two opposite or complementary concepts: contact and alienation. Using examples of our practices we refer to the idea of "new materiality", exploring how different materials of a matrix, of paper or fabric "give life to different realities and actualise aspects of subjectivity, embodiment and human-world relations that are particular to their material qualities" (Coleman, Page, Palmer, 2019).

However, the haptic quality of the process as a part of the artist's experience is difficult to transfer and share with the audience in the situation of the virtual distribution of the image. How can we interpret and make most of the notion of touch in order to translate it into "tuché" (Lacanian "encounter with the real"), despite the mediation of the screen? Can we provocatively argue that virtual presentation can be seen as "porno-graphic" of the printmaking practice with the images being inevitably digitally edited and presented in such way that they look flawless, alienated from the real world?

The paper also explores the narrative strands, entangled with the ambiguous experience of touch, explored through our printmaking practices.


A new copoly(ether imide) 1a was synthesized from 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 4,4′- bis [3′-trifluoromethyl-p-aminobiphenyl ether)biphenyl (TFBB) with 20 wt% loading of 3,5-diaminobenzoate terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DBPDMS) by solution imidization technique. The copoly(ether imide) showed a glass transition temperature of 272°C by differential scanning calorimetry and of 300°C by dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. The polymer showed thermal stability up to 371°C for 5% wt loss in synthetic air. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed storage modulus as high as 1.62 GPa at 40°C. In the DMA plot a distinct sub Tg relaxation was observed at 130°C. The copolyimide formed tough transparent film, with tensile strength up to 47 MPa, a modulus of elasticity up to 1.83 GPa and elongation at break up to 65%. Thermal, mechanical and surface properties of the copoly(ether imide) have been evaluated and compared with the already reported analogous random copoly(ether imide) containing siloxane unit in the main chain and with the homopolyimide without siloxane unit.


This chapter presents the state of the art of the parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and gives a comprehensive review on their powertrain and power management strategy. In this chapter, different transmission systems (such as pretransmission, posttransmission, and split transmission) are presented. Furthermore, the hybridization rate of parallel HEVs is explained in this chapter. The advantages and the drawbacks of the parallel HEVs are presented. Moreover, the mechanical coupling is described.

Keywords:

parallel hybrid electric vehicles;
parallel hybrid electric drivetrains;
operating modes;
power electronics interfaces;
mechanical coupling;
electric motor;
power flow control strategies


Abstract Although perceived value is considered essential in any marketing activity, the role it plays regarding the relationship between perceived risk and loyalty in the context of organizational markets is not thoroughly considered. Therefore, this paper addresses the aforementioned issues in the context of the small and medium size enterprise market in Romania. From a sample of 229 entities, data were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling techniques. Results confirmed that different relationships are established between functional or financial risk and emotional value on the one hand, and emotional value and loyalty on the other hand. Discussions of the results integrate main findings with other studies that partially or tangentially study the connections between emotional value, risk and loyalty. The paper end with a brief limitations and avenues for future research.


Austenitic stainless steels are likely to form oxide scales, which are easy to drol) off to cause some troubles, by contacting with high tempera ture superheated steam in boilers. To solve this problem, it has been known that cold working applied on the surface of austenitic stainless steels is effective to l) revCllt oxidation by high temparature steam. Then the authors trially applied shot blasting to the inner surface of stainless steel tubing fo r cold working. After laboratory tests, stainless tub ings shot blasted all til! illmr surface were set in boilers for practical use. After a year's operation they were removed out and it was observed that there formed a lot of scale all non-worked surface, but that practically no scale was formed all the shot blasted surface. Shot blasting has no adverse effect all the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking and on the cold bending, thus causing no difJiClllty in p ractical applicatiOllS.


Based on the analysis of shortages about temporal effectiveness of the traditional FTP search engine,a dynamic model of ef-ficient FTP search engine was proposed.In this model,a network node space was built and searching and storage mechanism were im-proved.Obligation-domain mechanism and asynchronous retrieval were introduced to improve the speed of search.Also,it provides the validity and reliability of results of searching on submit state.


With the advent of social media platforms such as Facebook and YouTube, online dissemination of exhibitionist videos has gained popularity. One recent disturbing trend is the "fire challenge" wherein a participant douses his or herself in a household accelerant such as isopropyl alcohol or acetone, sets him or herself ablaze, and attempts to extinguish the flames before serious burns are incurred. As expected, participants in the "fire challenge" often accidentally suffer serious burns. A 17-year-old white male was recently treated at our burn center after participating in the "fire challenge." He suffered 15% TBSA full and partial thickness burns requiring split thickness skin grafting to his abdomen. He reported lighting himself on fire because he had seen this stunt performed on the internet. A search for "fire challenge" and similar terms was conducted on YouTube (www.youtube.com). Gender and ethnicity of each participant were documented. Burn size, burn depth, and age of video participant were estimated by two attending burn surgeons evaluating YouTube videos. Results were reported with descriptive statistics. The search yielded thousands of hits, mostly home videos, compilations of stunts, and commentaries. After omitting duplicate and irrelevant videos, 50 videos were selected for the study. Of these, 13 videos included postburn footage demonstrating burn wounds of various location, size, and severity. Of these burns, the median TBSA burned was 4 ± 2.7% with a maximum size of 10%. Superficial and partial thickness burns were sustained on the torso (10/13, 77%), face (4/13, 31%), and extremities (2/13, 15%). Full thickness burns were seen in 2/13 videos. Some burn wounds were obscured by dressings. Of the 50 videos reviewed, 45/50 participants (90%) were male and 32/50 (64%) were African American with 29/50 participants (58%) estimated to be under age 20. The "fire challenge" is a popular social media phenomenon, but it can result in severe injury as seen with the patient at our institution. The lure of a challenge and potential for a shocking video to "go viral" might entice people to mimic this risky behavior. This study shows a disturbing trend, but undoubtedly only reflects a small portion of actual participants. A disproportionate number of videos featured young African American males, making this a target population for education and prevention efforts. Our patient's TBSA exceeded the maximum found on YouTube, suggesting that less severe burns may be posted online while larger burns are not, diminishing perceived risk and encouraging this behavior.


The study aimed to isolate antibiotic resistant S. aureus from acne of college students and screening natural remedies to control acne S. aureus. Totally nine isolates exhibited yellow colonies on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and the metallic black colony with a zone of clearance in Baird Parker Agar medium was used. Gram staining of these isolates exhibited Gram-positive cocci in bunches and biochemical tests revealed that the isolates were citrate positive, methyl-red positive, coagulase positive, urease positive, catalase positive and utilization of glucose, lactose and mannitol confirmed the isolates as Staphylococcus aureus. Five antibiotics tested against acne isolates, in which S6 isolate reveled resistance against Ampicillin (beta-lactam), Gentamycin (aminoglycoside), Penicillin (beta-lactam) and Erythromycin (macrolides), the isolate S11 showed resistances against Ampicillin, Erythromycin, and Penicillin, the isolate S5 and S7 exhibited resistances against Erythromycin. Among tested antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) was found to be potent against all tested isolates. Natural herbs such as Aloevera, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Solanum lycopersicum tested against S. aureus only S. lycopersicum (18-25 mm) and A. vera (5-10 mm) was effective against antibiotic resistant S. aureus. From the present study, it was concluded that the indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided to prevent the development of resistant isolates of the S. aureus and adapting natural remedies are effective in its control. Key words : Acne vulgaris, Antibiotic, Natural herbs, Staphylococcus aureus Cite this Article Saranya Devi. K, Firos A, Esther Anju A, Thushara U, Resmi V, Jency Priya P. A Study on Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Acne and the Evaluation of Anti-Staphylococcal Activity using Natural Herbs. Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science . 2019; 8(1): 21–31p.


Conventional host-based central-processing type logistics information systems collect all information about stocked products (sales results, inventory, out-of-stock items) on a single host computer, and based on this information perform ordering, shipping, receiving, and other processing. In a client/server architecture, the system is not simply downsized: in order to ensure more effective use of logistics information and closer coordination with manufacturing information systems, the logistics information system must be configured as a distributed system specific to a given factory and its various products. Such distributed systems each function acts independently, but at the same time the overall system of which they is part must operate in harmony to perform cost optimization, adjust allocation of resources among different factories and business locations, and present a single monolithic interface to retailers and sales agents. In this paper, we propose a logistics information system with a distributed architecture as well as agents whose role is to coordinate operation of the overall system, as one means of realizing this combination of component autonomy and overall system harmony. The methodology proposed here was applied to a proving system, and its effectiveness was verified.


The question, ''Are the multi-billion dollar LNG projects still viable.'' is discussed. The author concludes that by the late 1980's when many of the existing major domestic gas supply contracts will be expiring and the new shape of the gas market will be more clearly discernible, the increased sized LNG projects can once again be considered as the most appropriate policy for the industry. (LK)


In this paper, we consider the following logarithmic Schrodinger equation \begin{equation*} -\varepsilon^2\Delta u + V(x)u=u\log u^2\ \ \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$, $N\ge 1$, $V(x)\in C(\mathbb{R}^N,\mathbb{R})$ is a continuous potential. We use variational methods and a new truncated skill to show the problem has a positive solution concentrating at a local minimum of $V$ if $\varepsilon\in(0,\varepsilon_0)$ for some $\varepsilon_0>0$ is a small constant. All decay rates of $V$ are admissible in this work.


Metal contaminants at trace levels in the pre-gate oxide clean solutions have always been a concern with scaling down trends in CMOS-based devices. The effect of multielement contamination (alkali, transition, and noble metals up to 200 ppb levels) in dilute hydrofluoric acid (DHF), standard clean one (SC1), and standard clean two (SC2) solutions is investigated for an Intel Pentium-based sub-100-nm microprocessor technology. The main significance of this work is to achieve a rational specification for process chemical purity. Results from surface analyses of monitor wafers and device level electrical measurements of production scale wafers along with yield and reliability analyses are presented in this paper. Deposition of metallic contaminants from clean solutions has been explained qualitatively based on electrochemical theory of reduction potentials. Among the 35 elements investigated in this study, only platinum at very low parts-per-billion levels in the HF-based cleans has been found to affect the gate oxide integrity producing zero yield. An increase in the surface roughness (2-8/spl times/) was also observed with silicon monitor wafers for 100-ppb-platinum-contaminated DHF solutions and could play an important role in degrading the gate oxide performance. Other alkali and transition metals including copper up to 200 ppb levels in the HF-based cleans studied here did not show any deleterious effects in the gate oxide integrity and product reliability measurements. The effect of contamination in the SC1 and SC2 cleans was negligible even for 100 ppb platinum. Significant cost reduction can be realized by safely relaxing the process chemical contamination disposition limits for alkali and transition elements.


At the beginning of the new millennium the worship of the Korean church must be renewed. Christian drama is an essential element in the renewal of worship. Drama in the Bible is concerned with worship and festival. There were liturgical rites and joyful feasts with song and musical instruments. These liturgical rites developed into liturgical plays or church dramas. A liturgical play produced the mystery play which is conducted in the moving pageant. Plays have been performed in the Korean church at the feast of Christmas. This was developed as a mission play by a professional drama group. This article suggests a new type of worship through Christian drama. It embraces an experimental example which has been conducted in the university chapel.


1. A method of manufacturing crystalline microparticles of the active substance, comprising stages in which the suspension is prepared from the primary particles of the active substance, a solution of the active substance, a precipitant for the active substance and inert formed parts, the suspension is mixed, after which the active substance is crystallized from the suspension, the active substance is isolated in product particles and then the product particles are dried, where the primary particles and the product particles are crystalline, are in the most stable crystalline modification of the active substance, have a surface crystal area of 3-10 m2 / g and the size distribution of the primary particles and product particles is d50 = 1-2 μm, d99 <6 μm and d100 <12 μm for each. ! 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) a solution of the active substance in a solvent and (b) a precipitant are added to a suspension of primary particles and inert formed parts in a mixture of a solvent and a precipitant for the active substance. ! 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separation of the product particles is carried out by removing a suspension of product particles, while preferably the method is performed continuously. ! 4. The method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing is performed by mixing the suspension. ! 5. The method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that d10 of the product particles is <0.7 μm and d100 of the product particles is <8 μm. ! 6. The method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the crystallinity of the primary particles and the product particles is ≥98 wt.%, Preferably ≥99 wt.% For each. ! 7. The method according


The conducted research was limited to the study of the technical implementation of repair of communications, priority attention was paid to the rational relationship between its cost and technical characteristics. The analysis of existing problems in the designated area allowed us to formulate the purpose of the work, which is to study the parameters of linear treatment facilities that affect the quality of roads.


Field tests were carried out to study the simplex centroid design combination of coated urea and urea on cucumber,and the yield and its composition of cucumber were determined.By establishing yield regression equation of all factors,analysis of fertilizer efficacy and its economic benefits was made.The results show that in the rate of x1(urea U)=0.20,x2(release-controlled urea D60)=0.50 and x3(release-controlled urea D30)=0.30,which can be converted into the actual combination of nitrogen fertilization as x1=7.0 kg,x2=17.5 kg and x3=10.5 kg per 667 m2,the expected highest yield can reach 8 173 kg/667m2.The combination of D30 and D60 can increase the cucumber yield by 1 766 kg/667m2 compared with only urea fertilization,with an increase rate of 29.3%.While the results of the economic benefit analysis indicate that the treatment of UD60D30 can gain a profit of 3 753.51 yuan/667m2,with an output-input ratio of 15.46∶1.Therefore,the mixture of urea and two kinds of release-controlled urea in certain rate is favorable to increasing cucumber yield and farmers' income.


We present a new wavelet numerical scheme for the discretization of Navier-Stokes equations with physical boundary conditions. The temporal discretization of the method is inspired from the projection method. Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition using divergence-free and curl-free wavelet bases satisfying physical boundary conditions allows to define the projection operator. This avoids the use of Poisson equation solver and reduce the steps of usual methods with more accuracy. Numerical experiments conducted on lid driven cavity flow simulation show the effectiveness and the precision of the method.


Crystals of Yb3+:Sr5-xBax(PO4)3F (0 ≤ × ≤ 5) have been investigated as a means to obtain broader absorption bands than are currently available with Yb3+:S-FAP [Yb3+:Sr5(PO4)3F], thereby improving diode-pumping efficiency for high peak power applications. Large diode-mays have a FWHM pump band of ≥5 nm while the FWHM of the 900 nm absorption band for Yb:S-FAP is 5.5 nm; therefore, a significant amount of pump power can be wasted due to the nonideal overlap. Spectroscopic analysis of Yb:Sr5-xBax-FAP crystals indicates that adding barium to the lattice increases the pump band to 13-16 nm which more than compensates for the diode-array pump source without a detrimental reduction in absorption cross section. However, the emission cross section decreases by approximately half with relatively no effect on the emission lifetime. The small signal gain has also been measured and compared to the parent material Yb:S-FAP and emission cross sections have been determined by the method of reciprocity, the Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg method, and small signal gain. Overall, Yb3+:Sr5-x Bax(PO4)3F crystals appear to achieve the goal of nearly matching the favorable thermal and laser performance properties of Yb:S-FAP while having a broader absorption band to better accommodate diode pumping.


Bali river resort includes natural original sources and lakes and rivers.This paper analyses the existing problems during its run,and puts forward the countmeasures for its development.According to the different visitors,relative schedule and countmeasures are provided.


Let $\kappa$ be an infinite cardinal. A topological space $X$ is $\kappa$-bounded if the closure of any subset of cardinality $\le\kappa$ in $X$ is compact. We discuss the problem of embeddability of topological spaces into Hausdorff (Urysohn, regular) $\kappa$-bounded spaces, and present a canonical construction of such an embedding. Also we construct a (consistent) example of a sequentially compact separable regular space that cannot be embedded into a Hausdorff $\omega$-bounded space.


The Italian System of Sanctions 1. 297 Definition of criminal sanctions and relationship to other sanctions 1.1. 297 General remarks 1.1.1. 297 Criminal sanctions 1.1.2. 299 Penalties a) 299 Security measures b) 300 Non-criminal sanctions 1.1.3. 301 Sanctions for legal persons: criminal or administrative sanctions? 1.1.4. 302 A special Italian problem: the uncertain nature of the so called "preventive measures" 1.1.5. 303 Constitutional limits 1.2. 303 The sanctions (in a broad sense) in the Italian legal order 1.3. 305 Deprivation or restriction of liberty 1.3.1. 305 Life imprisonment and imprisonment a) 305 Non-criminal sanctions affecting personal liberty b) 306 Financial loss 1.3.2. 306 Criminal fines a) 306 Non-criminal fines b) 307 Confiscation c) 307 Deprivation/restriction of rights 1.3.3. 309 Protective/preventive sanctions 1.3.4. 310 Security measures (misure di sicurezza) a) 310 Preventive measures (misure di prevenzione) b) 311 Performance of certain duties 1.3.5. 312 Other sanctions 1.3.6. 313 Sanctions imposed on legal persons 1.4. 313 Relationship between the sanctions 1.5. 315 Hierarchy of sanctions in terms of severity 1.5.1. 315 Mutual exclusion or possibility to combine sanctions with one another 1.5.2. 315 Automatic application of certain sanctions 1.5.3. 316


during the urbanization in China, a lot of villages and fields are put under the local administration. It leads to the increase of placement dwellings' demand. Different from the commercial residential buildings, the placement dwellings' purchase or selling also has the planned economy color. So it has different characteristics in its planning construction and developing.


Academic dishonesty is always interesting to study in many institutions. Various previous studies have examined a lot of dishonesty in universities with different departments. This research examines how the experience of teachers currently teaching in educational institutions in Indonesia. Structured interviews were conducted on 9 teachers with different teaching backgrounds. the results of the study state that academic dishonesty has been carried out by the teacher in working on individual tasks, examinations in class and group assignments. The teacher also reported that he had committed academic dishonesty while working on the thesis and when the attendance was signed in class. The implications of this research can be used as evaluation material for universities to instill honesty values especially in the teacher training department.


The term "formation" (a) was borrowed from geology. There it has simultaneously historical and structural meanings: formations are structures that came into being in the earth's crust in a given sequence. The words "formation," "deformation," and "transformation" can always be used in a double sense: for a process and for its result. Socioeconomic formations are also not only phenomena, products of history, but first of all forming processes; and like geological formations, social formations carry with them ideas about their temporal succession. In geology a formation would have no meaning if it were not clear what came before or after it. Historical social formations and the modes of production on which they are based make up the law of successive levels of the progress of world history or progressive steps in the economic forming of society.


According to the seismic data Ms≥7.0since 1970in Philippines,this work analyses and judges the rule and trend of earthquakes time-space symmetry in Philippines by adopting the commensurability method including ternary,quaternary and quintuple and map of butterfly structure(MBS).Results show that the seismic signal Ms≥7.0is very strong in Philippines in 2013and 2014.Therefore,it is very likely that earthquake happens in 2014.Meanwhile,the earthquake epicenter may move to the northwest region in the future,north of 11.5°N,west of 124.0°E,that is,northwest area in Philippines.


There has been an apparent increase in the use of social work groups for clinical purposes. This trend has neglected the more traditional and important use of groups for community change goals. Even when working with clinical groups, community goals can be impacted. This article suggests a specific methodology for integrating group treatment goals with community action. It suggests that group workers view their role as instigators in broadening community support and action around clinical group work issues; that agencies need to make time to do this; that how group workers connect group work to community action needs to be empirically demonstrated with each service act.


Physical computing, and robotics in particular, is an excellent tool which can be used to help students understand many aspects of Engineering and Computer Science. However, obtaining and using suitable kits or hardware can involve significant financial outlay for a school. Additionally maintaining, storing and using the physical hardware presents many practical problems for teachers. These factors combine to create a significant entry barrier, especially for teachers who have previously not used robots and may be lacking confidence or motivation to use physical computing as a teaching aid. Robotic simulation provides a good alternative as it provides the experience and many of the benefits of working with robots to be gained at low cost, using computers already available in school. A software platform which meets this need is CoSpace Rescue. This has been created by Singapore Polytechnic as an educational tool and provides a simulation platform for RoboCupJunior. This platform allows students to experience event driven programming by developing search strategies to find and deposit coloured objects, whilst avoiding obstacles and traps. CoSpace was introduced to the UK in 2013 coincident with the introduction of a new compulsory national computing curriculum for England. The approach used to introduce CoSpace into schools and the relevance that CoSpace has to the new curriculum for England are presented in this paper. Four teams have now represented the UK at international RoboCupJunior competitions and the UK national competition, now in its third year, is already attracting over 100 competing teams with over 300 schools making use of the CoSpace Platform nationwide.


As robots penetrate into real-world environments, practical human-robot co-existence issues such as the requirement for safe human-robot interaction are becoming increasingly important. In almost every vision-capable mobile robot, the field of view of the robot is occluded by the presence of obstacles such as indoor walls, furniture, and humans. Such occlusions force the robots to be stationary or to move slowly so that they can avoid collisions and violations of entry into the personal spaces of humans. We see this as a barrier to robots being able to optimally plan motions with reasonable speeds. In order to solve this problem, we propose to augment the sensing capability of a robot by using a commodity WiFi receiver. Using our proposed method, a robot can observe the changes in the properties of received signals, and thus be able to infer whether a human is present behind the wall or obstacles, which enhances its ability to plan and navigate efficiently and intelligently.


Diverse strands of geographic inquiry share a concern for the role of seductive projections of various forms in shaping urban policy and material realities at a distance. We trace a case of urban policy transfer from Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia to Hyderabad, India. Drawing on our respective empirical investigations of the two Asian cities, we consider a geography of urban policy replication. At one level, this involves direct political connections between the two cities and, in particular, KL as a "model" for Hyderabad. Yet we are also concerned with identifying broader intra-Asia policy networks and practices that demand critical geographic attention. We conclude with some reflections on the implications of the KL-Hyderabad case for conceptions of and ways of doing urban geography. We argue that the kind of urban geography traced here forms an important complement to more conventional academic practices based on sustained engagement with specific urban sites, lives, and transformations.


Coud e spectroscopic data of a poorly-studied peculiar supergiant, HD 327083, are presented. H and H line proles have been tted employing a non-LTE code adequate for spherically expanding atmospheres. Line ts lead to estimates of physical parameters. These parameters suggest that HD 327083 may be close to the Luminous Blue Variable phase but it is also possible that it could be a B(e) Supergiant.


Abstract : Conventional and non-conventional methods for accomplishing each step in the flash welding process were reviewed and certain further studies of them were recommended for optimization of the process. Four combat vehicles were redesigned for flash welding and five machines recommended for mass production of them. These have platen widths from 31 to 202 inches and depths from 22 to 241 inches, produce upset forces from .9 to 13 million pounds, and have electrical demands from 5 to 39 megavolt-amperes. Locations of twenty-three power systems capable of meeting the maximum demand of one machine at selected points were shown and methods of reducing demand to permit further freedom of location were presented. Trial welds in four aluminum armor alloys (2219-T87, 5083-H113, 6061-T6, and 7039-T6) were reviewed. Study of motion records, examination of one weld, and strength tests of all showed that these flash welds exceed fusion welds in tensile strength and that production flash welds should exceed ninety percent joint efficiency. (Author)


This article reports on effect of solvent vapor annealing on TiOPc thin films and the application on hybrid solar cells based on ZnO/TiOPc with DH-alpha6T as an electron blocking layer. The band gap shows a change for the TiOPc thin film solvent vapor annealed with various solvents, which may be due to the phase transition from amorphous to alpha-phase, beta-form or alpha+beta-form. The phase separation could be responsible for the variations of the optical properties. No significant change is observed in the pi-pi* transition at various phase behaviors. Device performance of hybrid solar cells could be improved and open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current (ISC) and power conversion efficiency (eta) were enhanced by solvent vapor annealing, which originated from amorphous TiOPc films transformed into crystalline alpha-phase, beta-form or alpha+beta-form.nbsp At alpha-TiOPc, the device achieved the highest performance with VOC, ISC and eta of 0.57 V, 1.40 mA/cm2, and 0.22 %, respectively, which originated from alpha-TiOPc with the widest red and near-IR absorption band.


English has been one of the compulsory subjects for special schools in Indonesia. However, there have been a rather limited number of studies conducted regarding the teaching of English under the framework of Special Education. Responding to this gap, this current study aimed at investigating whether a particular language teaching approach called Lexical Input Approach assisted by series of pictures could provide a desirable effect on post-lingual deaf students vocabulary mastery. This research employed a pre-experimental Single Subject with a multiple base (A-B-A-B) design. The sample included three 8th grade Junior High School students with the similarity of ages and hearing-loss history. The primary data in this study were taken by using assessments and analyzed statistically by calculating the Percentage of Data Points Exceeding the Median (PEM). The findings indicated that there was an improvement in the students vocabulary scores after the treatments (from 41/ novice advanced category to 46 and 51/ novice high category). Thus, it could be concluded that using Picture-Assisted Lexical Input Approach was effective to improve English vocabulary mastery for post-lingual deaf students.


Diffusion profiles of arsenic and antimony in undoped and carbon doped germanium (Ge), respectively, were analysed by means of scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM). Whereas earlier secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses have determined the distribution of the chemical concentration of dopants and carbon, the electrically active defect concentration is quantified by SSRM using appropriate calibration samples and a preparation technique that reduces the surface roughness and its density of electronic states. Pronounced differences between the chemical and electrical dopant profiles are observed and consistently described by the formation of inactive dopant defect complexes in the framework of the vacancy mediated diffusion of donor atoms in Ge. This reveals that donor deactivation occurs during dopant diffusion at elevated temperatures.


The superconvergence for a nonconforming mixed finite element approximation of the Navier–Stokes equations is analyzed in this article. The velocity field is approximated by the constrained nonconforming rotated Q1 (CNRQ1) element, and the pressure is approximated by the piecewise constant functions. Under some regularity assumptions, the superconvergence estimates for both the velocity in broken H1‐norm and the pressure in L2‐norm are obtained. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate our theoretical results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 646–660, 2016


The adsorption, methanation, and heat evolved over a Ru/TiO2catalyst were found to be quite different than that over a polycrystalline Ru sample, when exposed to CO+H2(1:4) pulses at different temperatures in the range 300–470 K. The coadsorbed H2is found to have a large promotional effect on the CO uptake by the Ru/TiO2catalyst, the extent of which depended on the catalyst temperature and the surface coverage. No such effect was observed in the case of Ru metal. Thus, while using Ru/TiO2the ratio H2(ad)/CO(ad)increased progressively from 0.7 to 4 with the rise in catalyst temperature from 300 to 470 K, it was almost constant at ∼5±0.5 in the case of ruthenium metal. The exposure of Ru metal to CO+H2(1:4) pulses gave rise to a differential heat of adsorption (qd) ∼ 50 kJ mol−1at all the reaction temperatures under study, which corresponded to adsorption of CO and H2molecules at distinct metal sites and in 1:1 stoichiometry. In the presence of excess H2, aqdvalue of ∼180–190 kJ mol−1was observed at the reaction temperatures above 425 K, suggesting the simultaneous hydrogenation of Csspecies formed during CO dissociation. Contrary to this, aqd ∼ 115 kJ mol−1was observed for the CO+H2(1:4) pulse injection over Ru/TiO2at 300 K, the value reducing to ∼70 kJ mol−1at higher reaction temperatures. Furthermore, a lowerqdvalue (∼50 kJ mol−1) was observed during CO adsorption over Ru/TiO2at 300 K in the presence of excess H2, which increased to ∼250 kJ mol−1for the sample temperatures of 420 and 470 K. These data are consistent with the FTIR spectroscopy results on CO+H2adsorption over Ru/TiO2catalyst, showing the formation of Ru(CO)n, RuH(CO)n, and RuH(CO)n−1type surface complexes (n=2 or 3 ) in addition to the linear or the bridge-bonded CO molecules held at the large metal cluster sites (RuxCO). The relative intensity of IR bands responsible to these species depended on the catalyst temperature, the RuxCO species growing progressively with the temperature rise. In the case of Ru metal, the formation of only linearly held surface species is envisaged. Arguments are presented to suggest that the CO molecules adsorbed in the multicarbonyl form require lesser energy to dissociate and are therefore responsible to the observed low temperature (<450 K) methanation activity of Ru/TiO2. On the other hand, the activity at the higher reaction temperatures, both for the Ru metal and for the Ru/TiO2catalyst, arises due to dissociation of the linearly or bridge-bonded CO molecules. The Ru–Cnand Ru–C species formed during dissociation of multicarbonyls and linearly bonded CO, respectively, are envisaged to have different rates of graphitization, the former species causing a rapid catalyst deactivation at the lower temperatures.


Physical and biophysical methods of detecting spores of Myxosoma cerebralis were used in sequence on 87 individual fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from two populations with a low incidence of infection. Physical methods of releasing spores from the organs of equilibrium, gill arches, or the axial skeleton gave an estimated rate of infection of 2.3–4.6%. Each succeeding step — pepsin digestion, trypsin digestion, and differential centrifugation through 55% dextrose solution — revealed additional infected fish. The final step of the sequence detected 10.5 times more infected fish than were found by examination of the organs of equilibrium or the axial skeleton with physical means; the true incidence was at least 24.1%. Procedures are described for using biophysical methods on 60-fish pools for hatchery inspection work and also on the more bony skeletons of mature fish.


Details of the background situation and the major candidates in the 2010 Sudanese election are presented. It is observed that the election is a sham with Al-Bashir, the only major candidate in the fray, likely to win and the existing situation not changing for the Sudanese in any way.


JOHN MCCARTHY, computer scientist at Stanford University, first coined the term "artificial intelligence" in 1955, defining it as, "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs." Machines are intelligent when they can replicate human cognitive skills such as forming categories, recognizing patterns, and solving problems. For machines to achieve artificial intelligence, computer programmers must create algorithms that can scan and organize input data to train and teach the machines to perform tasks. This method is called machine learning, the most basic of all AI techniques. Several other AI methods have since been developed, including neural network, a process that mimics how the human brain learns by using interconnected nodes to process data. Its more sophisticated version is called deep learning, which uses multiple layers of neural networks so that computers can analyze bigger datasets. With the advent of big geospatial data, there are far more inputs for AI machines to train on and improve their accuracy. And due to AI's ability to handle big datasets such as imagery, computer vision is currently one of the hottest geospatial applications. With computer vision technology, machines can be taught to "see" real-world objects from images, thus allowing companies like Mapillary to identify roads from street photos, Ecopia to extract built-up areas from satellite imagery, and VOXELGRID to recognize construction materials from a point cloud.


A wireless docking system comprising a dockee device (110, 210) and a docking station (220), the dockee device (110, 210) docking with the docking station (220), which docking station comprises first means for establishing a first network connection (215) for connecting to the dockee device (110, 210) and second means for establishing a second network connection (225) for connecting to a wireless network access point (130, 230). The docking station (220) is configured to, in a first step, to establish a secure wireless connection between the docking station and the dockee for receiving from the dockee device (110, 210) information for accessing the wireless network access point (130, 230), and, in a second step to establish a secure wireless connection between the docking station and the wireless network access point by connecting to the access point (130, 230) using the information received from the dockee device (110, 210) for the connection the docking station further configured to enable tunneling traffic between the dockee device (110, 210) and the wireless network access point (130, 230).


In this paper, I explore the devastation of war and its effect on the people's lives, followed by an anticipation of peace in the post-conflict narratives: Mohan Raj Sharma's "A Ra and a Mo" and Rajendra Bimal's "The Lankuri Tree Will Blossom Again." The narratives are about ten-year long Maoist insurgency that caused more than fifteen thousand innocent people's lives. In the beginning, the narratives have been analyzed by showing how these authors show the trauma of conflict victimized by dealing with the negative aspect of one fighting group, and trauma presented with the help of a neutral observer of the event not supporting and opposing any groups. A theoretical argument of some well-known theorists like Caruth, Lacapra, Alexander and Pandey have been discussed to bring out the traumatic facts of the insurgency. In particular, Caruth and Alexander's insights of trauma theory have been used to bring out the traumatic facts that the characters have undergone whereas Lacapra's middle voice has been used to measure how the narratives have been designed in the plot. The major issue of this paper is to show that the narrators being either a biased or partial observers of the insurgency or a neutral witness of the events have narrated the testimony of the insurgency.


This paper studies the minimization of non-convex and non-smooth composite functions. In particular, we discuss the algorithm proposed by Ochs et al. in [14], called iPiano. Following [14], we present a global convergence result for functions satisfying the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz property [12, 11] which is based on the work by Attouch et al. [4]. Furthermore, we discuss the implementation of iPiano and apply the algorithm to image denoising and image segmentation. In contrast to [14], we use simple denoising functionals instead of Fields of Expert [18, 7] to demonstrate that simple functionals may benefit from non-smooth and non-convex terms. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm to image segmentation based on a 2-phase field approximation of the Mumford-Shah functional [19].


Digital camera function added mobile communication terminal apparatus of the present invention is composed of a first portion and a second portion. It takes on four types of mechanical conditions that can be due to the rotation of the display unit on the base part of the fold and the second part of the mobile communication terminal unit. The mobile communication terminal device is automatically assigned to an operation mode of the camera mode or the non-camera mode for the mechanical state of the respective four types. In addition, the mobile communication terminal device as appropriate, to change the operation mode of the mobile communication terminal unit, if necessary. Mobile communication terminal device, a mobile phone, cellular phone


Students from normal colleges and universities are the reserve force of excellent teachers. Improving and cultivating teaching skills, practical ability and comprehensive quality of normal school students majoring in ideological and political can enhance their competitiveness in employment and lay a foundation for their teaching probation, internship and becoming a qualified politics teacher in the future. Teaching skills are the essential basic qualities for students majoring in ideological and political education to be political teachers, as well as the basis and core of their professional development. From three aspects--classroom teaching design, improvement of basic skills of normal school students and multimedia teaching, this paper sums up the typical problems in the development of teaching skills of ideological and political education majors, such as lack of systematicness and coherence in designed teaching content, teaching language, teaching manner and blackboardwriting problems in terms of basic teaching skills. Specific to these problems, the paper puts forward corresponding solutions including integrating education teaching resources to improve theoretical knowledge of these normal school students; strengthening the training of teaching skills to improve their practical ability; carrying out multimedia teaching competition to improve their multimedia teaching skills. This paper aims to provide reference for the professional training and improvement of employability skills of normal school students. Keywords—ideological and political education; teaching skills; solutions


Thesis summary: In Feb 1995, on request by enthusiasts, 'Xiao Xi Yuan' Hand Puppet Show troupe leader XU Wang produced a series of "Romance of Three Kingdom". For certain reason, the series was never shown to the public and has been kept in storage until 2005 when 'National Center for Traditional Arts' acquired the distribution rights and made into DVD for sale. Since then, this "Romance of Three Kingdom" puppet show with a whole decade dusts has finally came out from the grave and saw the light of day. Not only did it promote the art of classic puppet show, it gave the general public a chance to get to know a master of the time of Wang's skills, and his proficiency in composing and showing hand puppet show. Although "Romance of Three Kingdom" is a "Historical Play", the figure's story and fighting details described in the book is the pioneer of 'Martial Arts Show'. Able to handle 'Three Kingdom Show' means able to handle the techniques of plays of "Classic Play" and the thriller and detective chapter of "Martial Arts Show', and even the mysteriousness and weirdness of「Jiang Guang Xi」. Therefore, it is the best show any puppet show performer can use to perfect his/her skill. This thesis uses this 20 part "Romance of Three Kingdom" series as basis to further analyze 「Xiao Xi Yuan」Xu Wang, his coincidence with "Romance of Three Kingdom" and spectacular performance.


We produced antigenic peptide of Trichinella spiralis newborn larvae (NBL) which seemed to be a part (approximately one fourth) of myosin heavy chain, and some basic profiles were revealed. The cDNA library was constructed from NBL and immunoscreened with an antibody against the parasite. A clone, designated NBL21, was selected. It contained a cDNA transcript of 1656 by in length, which encoded 552-amino acids (64868 Da in the estimated molecular weight). The fusion protein encoded by the clone NBL21 was produced in an Escherichia coli expression system and affinity purified. NBL21 fusion proteins migrated at 64 kDa and reacted to T spiralis infected mouse sera and the antibody against NBL crude antigen. Antisera were developed against NBL21 fusion proteins, which reacted to a single band migrating at 200 kDa on Western blotting analysis of crude extracts from muscle larvae, and reacted to hypodermal muscles of T spiralis on immunohistochemical staining. The antigen was recognized by the mouse serum obtained from the early phase of infection, but the antigenicity was devoid of species specificity.


Background: Left atrial (LA) structures for the maintenance of different atrial fibrillation (AF) forms are not uniform. The incidence, electrophysiological patterns, and LA sites of sinus rhythm (SR) restoration during ablation of different AF forms were evaluated.


An one-dimensional(1D) coupled cavity optical waveguides(CCOWs) with Kerr defect was proposed.It was a Kerr medium doped into a high refractive index medium layer in CCOWs.The optical bistability(OB) of the structure was investigated by using one-dimensional transfer matrix method and nonlinear transfer matrix method.The linear properties of this structure,including the characterics of the field distribution and the shift of low-frequency band edge modes,were analyzed by one-dimensional transfer matrix method.The principle of the OB realized by the structure was discussed.It is found that different incident directions have different bistability threshold,because the refractive index of the defect layer is changed by three order nonlinear effect of Kerr medium stimulated by the localization of optical field in the defect layer.The field distribution in defect layer was related to the incident light direction.The properties of the OB were studied by the nonlinear transfer matrix method.The results indicate that the threshold of the forward direction(from left to right) is a half lower than that of the backward one(from right to left),because the localization behaviour of the forward direction is larger than that of the backward direction due to the position of the defect layer.


A general theory of vector-valued modular functions, holomorphic in the upper half-plane, is presented for finite dimensional representations of the modular group. This also provides a description of vector-valued modular forms of arbitrary half-integer weight. It is shown that the space of these modular functions is spanned, as a module over the polynomials in J, by the columns of a matrix that satisfies an abstract hypergeometric equation, providing a simple solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem for representations of the modular group. Restrictions on the coefficients of this differential equation implied by analyticity are discussed, and an inversion formula is presented that allows the determination of an arbitrary vector-valued modular function from its singular behavior. Questions of rationality and positivity of expansion coefficients are addressed. Closed expressions for the number of vector-valued modular forms of half-integer weight are given, and the general theory is illustrated on simple examples.


This review article describes the scientific basis of contemporary management of pain after oral surgery. Management can be challenging but significant improvement can be made to the patient's experience by patient education, staff education and the use of an evidence-based analgesic protocol.


The possibility of building a regional system for assessing the climatic potential and agroclimatic zoning using geoinformation approaches and specialized description language CSML (Climate Science Modelling Language) for the Southern Aral Sea basin. Modern approaches to the construction of agroclimatic zoning systems using ground-based and space-based monitoring are discussed. The necessity of combining geoecological and bioclimatic zoning of the territory using spatial databases is shown.


The analytical solutions describing intensive wave propagation in the stratified atmosphere are found. The exponential increase of amplitude due to stratification and change of effective viscousity are taken into account. The evolution of the initial periodic signal and the single impulse is investigated. The main attention is payed to the fine structure of shock front. The analysis of the qualitative features of evolution of both initial signals is made. The influence of the atmosphere temperature dependence on the height from Earth surface is investigated. It is shown that the strong temperature rise at large heights leads to the increase of distance of wave propagation. The obtained analytical solutions are used for estimation of intensive wave influence on the atmosphere state at large heights.


The community structure and biodiversity of protozoa and zoobenthos in Juma River were studied in March and April 2003.Totally,125 species of protozoa and 17 species of zoobenthos were reported in this paper.The current water quality and the indications of protozoa and zoobenthos to contamination were also investigated.The results showed that species biodiversity of protozoa and zoobenthos in Juma River is high.The water quality is contaminated infrequently.Ecological characteristics of environmental indicators were also discussed.It is able to predict the trends of water qualitative in the river by the variation of the biological indicators.


Intrinsic defects, including vacancies at the Cu and Al sites (VCu and VAl), substitutional Cu at the Al site (CuAl), and interstitial O (Oi), have been proposed to be responsible for the p-type conductivity in CuAlO2. We have investigated the formation energies of these and other intrinsic defects in CuAlO2 using GGA+U calculations. Our results support previous studies that the potential alignment and image charge correction are required in the calculation of defect formation energies by using the supercell approach. In CuAlO2, these p-type defects (VCu, VAl, CuAl, and Oi) invariably have lower formation energies than their n-type counterparts. Particularly, VCu and CuAl have the lowest formation energies among intrinsic defects, and therefore are most likely responsible for the p-type conductivity. However, the transition levels of the VCu and CuAl defects are deep, which are responsible for the poor p-type conductivity in CuAlO2.


Tightness of flange joints for large polyethylene pipes – Part 1 Numerical simulations Leaks occasionally occur in flange joints in plastic pipelines, predominantly large dimension ones. Such pipel ...


Objective To observe the effects of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide on T cell subsets and Th1/Th2 subsets of spleen deficiency mice,and investigate its immunoregulation mechanism.Methods Forty-eight KM mice were divided into 6 groups:normal group,spleen deficiency group,positive group(lentinan),three dosage groups of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide,8 mice in each group.The mice were injected corresponding drug intraperitoneally for 10 days.Then mice in each group were detected CD3+,CD4+ and CD8+T cell by flow cytometry.IFN-γ and IL-4 levels were detected by ELISA.Results The high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase the CD4+T lymphocytes percentage in peripheral blood(P 0.05).Medium and high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio(P 0.01) and CD3+T lymphocyte percentage(P 0.01) of spleen deficiency mice.Medium and high dose of grifola frondosa polysaccharide could significantly increase IFN-γ level in serum of spleen deficiency mice(P 0.01),and high dose of Grifola frondosa polysaccharide could decrease IL-4 level in serum of spleen deficiency mice(P 0.01).Conclusion Grifola frondosa polysaccharide can improve the decreased CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio which caused by spleen deficiency,and promote the transformation of Th1 to Th2,thus treating spleen deficiency syndrome.


A case of solitary cyst of the pancreas is described, and the management of such cysts discussed. The diagnosis of pancreatic cysts is not difficult using routine plain radiographs and barium and cholangiographic studies. More complex arteriographic and isotopic studies are not essential.


The objective of this research was to study the effect of lablab flour on the glycemic index (GI) and certain qualities of macaroni. Four different preparation methods (soaking, germination, cooking and fermentation) of lablab flour for macaroni were compared to macaroni made from 100% semolina flour. Color L*, b*, texture value, cooking loss, sensory hedonic score of appearance, overall odor, overall taste, stickiness and overall liking of macaroni containing fermented lablab flour were not significantly different (P≥0.05) from macaroni made from 100% semolina flour. The ratios of semolina and lablab flour (100:0, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 and 70:30 w/w) were investigated. Results revealed that the optimal ratio of semolina and lablab flour was 85:15. The GI of mixed macaroni was 64, which was lower by about 13% when compared to macaroni made from 100% semolina flour (GI = 77). Overall-liking hedonic score was like slightly (6.1). In conclusion, use of fermented lablab flour provides health benefits in terms of lowering GI.


By use of saturated-vapor enthalpies determined by accepted procedures in conjunction with differential latent heats of condensation, the saturated-liquid enthalpies are established for the system methane–ethane at 200, 400, and 600 lb./sq. in. abs. and for the system ethane–n-butane and propane–n-butane at the two lower pressures. Where comparison is possible, the liquid-enthalpy values obtained by this method are in general agreement with those previously determined by Edmister and Canjar. The procedure used is thermodynamically rigorous and may be applied to any binary mixture, provided the Benedict-Rubin-Webb equation of state is valid in the vapor phase and P-V-T-x data are available.


This dissertation comprises three essays addressing questions from Industrial Organization Economics concerning the oil and gas industry. The essays offer substantive contributions to the study of joint decision-making (Chapter 2), extrapolative beliefs (Chapter 3), and auctions (Chapter 4). Chapter 2 investigates the quality of joint operations, where multiple oil and gas companies explore a piece of land together. By developing a discrete-choice model which can be matched to actual drilling data, I show that joint operators consisting of only large companies have the least accurate signals. Further counterfactual analyses show that the best policy governing joint operations depends on government priority: to maximize revenue or to avoid damage to the environment. Chapter 3, co-authored with Lawrence Jin and Matthew Shum, presents a model of dynamic investment and production in which producers over-extrapolate recent demand conditions into the future. We show theoretically and empirically that, in a volatile industry, these biased beliefs can be beneficial in the long-run by counteracting the general trend in the industry. Calibration of our model to Alaska oil exploration shows that the cushioning effect can be large in reducing price decline and accelerating price recovery. Chapter 4 examines whether common value or private value auction model best describes the bidding decisions made by oil and gas companies. The common value model suggests that more competition can lead to lower equilibrium bids from bidders and lower revenue. By analyzing tract auction data from Alaska, I find that common value components play a slightly larger role when observable heterogeneity is removed. However, expected revenue still increases with competition and plateaus when competition becomes sufficiently high.


The internetworking of grid-connected power electronics converters (PECs) in photovoltaic (PV) farms has inevitably expanded the cyber-attack surfaces. This paper presents a comprehensive study on cyber-attack detection and diagnosis for PEC-enabled PV farms via single waveform sensor to distinguish between normal conditions, open-circuit faults, short-circuit faults, and cyber-attacks. To our knowledge, this has not been attempted before. Firstly, we propose frequency-domain magnitude-based residuals to identify short-circuit faults and a time-domain mean current vector-based feature to distinguish open-circuit faults from other threats. These features can fully reflect the specific physical characteristics of PV farms during threat duration. Secondly, unlike micro phasor measurement units ( $\mu $ PMU) and raw electric waveform-based methods, the proposed innovative features can address novel cyber-attacks that are excluded from the training process. Thirdly, an online hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed using the OPAL-RT real-time digital simulator has verified the effectiveness. The monitoring system runs in real-time while using HIL as an operational solar farm and a National Instruments (NI) data acquisition card as the electric waveform sensor at the point of coupling.


Al-Anbar J. Vet. Sci., Vol.: 4 No. (2), 2011 ISSN: 1999-6527 Preparation, Characterization of Mn(II),Mn(III), an d Mn(IV) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Sal icylic acid Hydrazide have N,O Donors and Biological Activity Study O. I. H. Al-Ajrawy College of Veterinary Medicine\ Al-Anbar University Abstract Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn (IV) complexes with two Sch iff base ligands derived from salicylic acid hydrazide with 4-dimethylaminobenzal dehyde and 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde have been prepared and characterized by several tec hniques, including, infrared and electronic spectra, magnetic measurements, molar co nductance measurements, and the metal content in complexes were estimated by gravim etr c analysis. Based on these studies square pyramidal structure for Mn (III) co mplexes and octahedral structure for the Mn (II) and Mn (IV) complexes were proposed. Th e antimicrobial activity against two Strain Gram +ve bacteria (Staphalococcus auras, Enterococcus) and two Strain Gram -ve bacteria (E.coli, P.aeruginosa) and yeast Candida albicans to assess their inhibiting potential, the results showed all ligand s and their complexes inactive against Staphalococcus auras and they have moderate activi ty against the rest microorganisms.


Implantation of the internal mammary artery into the ventricular myocardium as proposed by Vineberg, has been under study in our laboratory for the past three and one-half years. In a previous article, We have reported our experiences with this procedure as applied to normal dog ventricles.5 We used a technique in which, among other details, all the branches of the internal mammary artery were ligated and cut, the end of the main artery was left open in the myocardial tunnel, and the implant was anchored to the epicardium at the tunnel entrance. A description of this technique is reported elsewhere. 3,4 In our first series of 30 implants into 16 normal (nonischemic) dog ventricles, subjected to second operation 4-28 months later, we found no evidence that the implant afforded protection against acute graded coronary artery ligations. At time of killing, injection of Schlesinger mass into the heart side of the


The aim of this study was to examine the gender standards of male nurses in women-dominated workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influenced the psychosocial workin ...


The description of equilibrium states of pine forest in case of drought or fire danger on the basis of the mathematical theory of catastrophes is given in the article. It is shown how to predict the future states of forest before and after a fire.


This paper reviews the curriculums on the nursing in oriental medicine currently provided by Korean nursing education institutes. As of October 2000, 14 of 48 four-year-system and 40 of 65 three-years system nursing schools provide the various academic courses and programs titled with the nursing care in oriental medicine. Depending on schools, the credit assigned to these courses and programs vary widely ranged from 1 to 8 units. Even in some schools the courses are offered not as a regular credit course but as a part of other courses on time sharing base. It is absolutely insufficient efforts in promoting education on the nursing in oriental medicine. The oriental medicine is basically based on the principles that the most critical factor in promoting health and preventing disease is the process for improving the condition of both physical and mental part of patients. In this context it seems to be an valuable attempt to apply the principles of oriental medicine to the field of nursing care, and to develop the new methods. It is because promoting health, preventing disease, recovering health, alleviating pains are the basic responsibilities of nursing care. The national health policies have been increasingly emphasizing low-cost and high-efficiency just as in economic policies. In terms of cost-effectiveness nursing education in oriental medicine seems to be evaluated as good enough to satisfy these efficiency requirements. As a initial step for promoting and specializing the nursing education in oriental medicine it is absolutely needed to introduce and expand the curriculum on this new field. Increasing concerns about the oriental medicine as the third medical care is the world wide phenomenon now. Considering this trend, current insufficient curriculum on nursing in oriental medicine in education institutes, especially in four-year system nursing school, might be an undesirable phenomenon for future development of nursing education in Korea. In-depth studies about this issue are seriously needed.


Abstract:  Social withdrawal among Japanese youth has been noticed since the latter-half of the 1990s. It is called Hikikomori in Japan. Though some clinicians in the mental health field have referred to social backgrounds of this problem, only a few sociological studies have been conducted. I have conducted participant observation in a private support group and recorded the rehabilitation processes of people with Hikikomori for two years. My study has two aspects. First, it is a short ethnography concerning the features of the group efforts. Second, it is intended to interpret relations between the features and rehabilitation processes. The first feature is the group dynamics arising from friendly and competitive relationships among the people with Hikikomori—called Hikikomorians. The second feature is "managing categorization". It is a tendency to be vague about categories that indicate their social status accompanied with some roles. This tendency could be observed in various aspects of the group activities, for example, concerning diseases' names, schedules, definition of space and so on. Managing categorization allows Hikikomorians to easily participate in and experience social activities. They are people who do not have social categories to explain themselves easily in social settings and do not have the self-confidence to perform some roles. Under social pressures, however, they tend to maintain a behavioral principle that is based on categories. Managing categorization therefore functions to provisionally release their attitudes and allow them to attempt trial and error based situations more easily. Finally, I also indicate some difficulties of managing categorization.


The main aim of this work is to find out how hight is the social effectivity of law of shared parenting and child custody on the basis of § 26 zakona c. 91/1998 Sb. It determines the degree of regulation of family relationships. This work evaluates and gives reasons for the divergence of opinions involving problems with shared parenting and child custody. The evaluation is confronted not only with the intent which is monitoring by law, but also with results of legal practise. At the same time the thesis justifies the necessity to achieve the objective evaluation, acceptation of the interpretation law, opinions of participatory ?branches and scientific disciplines? as well as decisive authority power. This work tries to interpret established conclusion to the same extent. The conclusion deals with the problems, their answers could be the synthesis that solve problems and transfer perception.


Coleus aromaticus (Benth) is a commonly available medicinal herb in India. The antimicrobial activity of this herb is tested as a cure for reproductive tract infections (RTI) among women. Fresh leaf has been used as a disc in different diameters to test the antimicrobial activity, against RTI causing microbes. Candida krusei showed the highest zone of inhibition of growth, followed by Candida albicans, Proteus mirablis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , Enterococcus faecalis , Klebsiella pneumoniae and the least inhibition was observed for Neisseria gonohorreae. Coleus aromaticus exhibits an effective antifungal and marked antibacterial activity. Using the leaf as a disc seems to be a novel and easy method that can be used initially to access the antimicrobial activity of a herb, before proceeding for further studies. This herb seems to be an ideal choice to treat RTI infections among women.