1. Technical Aspects of Specimen Preparation and Introduction to Special Studies. 2. Immunophenotypic Methods and Findings in the Diagnosis of Lymphoproliferative Diseases. 3. Molecular Genetics in the Diagnosis and Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms. 4. Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia. 5. Hodgkin's Disease. 6. An Overview of the Classification of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. 7. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Related Small Lymphocytic Malignancies. 8. Low-Grade B-Cell Lymphomas Not Specified in the Working Formulation. 9. Follicular Lymphomas. 10. Intermediate and High-Grade Diffuse Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas in the Working Formulation. 11. Post-Thymic T-Cell Lymphomas. 12. Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy (AILD) and Aild-Like T Cell Lymphomas. 13. Diagnosis of T-Cell Malignant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in the Skin. 14. Diagnosis of Lymphoma and Lymphoid Proliferations in the Spleen. 15. Extranodal Lymphomas and Lymphoid Hyperplasia. 16. Pulmonary Lymphoerecticular Disorders. 17. Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) 18. Malignant Histiocytosis and True Histiocytic Lymphomas. 19. Interpretation of Nonlymphoid Elements in Lymph Node Biopsy Specimens


Normally in cases of Nasolacrimal duct obstruction the treatmentgiven is the Crigler's Massage Technique [1-4]. Which is too wellknown to bear repetition here, however, based on the last 20 years ofexperience in paediatric ophthalmology, I would like to present analternative to this technique which I had been following andinstructing the parents of patients with NLD block with 100% successrate in a week time with Minimal effort.


quinazoline: PD 1530351, as inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinase. These analyses have helped to ascertain the role of different substituents in explaining the observed inhibitory activities. From both approaches, it is concluded that the combined electron-donating nature of RI- and R2-substitutions of the quinazoline ring and the electron-withdrawing nature of the X-substitution of the anilino-ring are beneficial for increasing the inhibition activity of a compound. Further, the symmetrical alkoxy substituents present at the RI- and R2-positions are also engaged in a steric interaction which was determined quantitatively through the parabolic relationship between the activity and combined molar refraction parameter, CMR of the substituents.


In her paper, Catherine Kling takes up the important issue of functional form in the estimation of welfare changes. Several of the issues raised are not specific to nonmarket valuation but are common for all applied work in welfare economics. Kling identifies three distinct approaches to the choice of functional form, i.e., (a) choose a simple function which is easy to work with, (b) choose a demand function which fits the data well, or (c) choose a utility function which fits the data well. However, she does not directly address the question of which approach is to be preferred. This is unfortunate, as a clear understanding of the available approaches and their relationship to economic theory is necessary in order to estimate economic welfare changes. Let me offer my own view from the "ivory tower" on these issues. The starting point for welfare economics is the assumption of utility maximizing behavior and the equivalence of the consumer's welfare map and preference map. Utility maximizing behavior, subject to a linear budget constraint with fixed prices and income, implies certain restrictions on the resulting demand function. 1 These restrictions are frequently referred to as the integrability conditions, since they permit the reconstruction of the preference map from knowledge of the demand functions. The integrability theorem leads to two distinct approaches to applied welfare analysis, the "topdown" and "bottom-up" approaches in the terminology of Bowden. In the top-down approach the researcher starts with a particular parametric specification of the preferences, say


The invention discloses a welding fixture for an automobile back seat backrest framework. According to the invention, four front support blocks are sequentially arranged on the front part of an upper plate surface of a horizontal bottom plate from left to right, and four rear support blocks are arranged on the rear part of the upper plate surface of the horizontal bottom plate; two headrest connection tube location combinations are provided, each headrest connection tube location combination comprises a guide seat and an insertion rod, wherein two slide holes which are parallel in a left-and-right direction, on each guide seat, are in slide fit with a push rod of a push clamp respectively, and each guide seat and the corresponding push clamp are both installed on the upper plate surface of the horizontal bottom plate; a left press clamp is arranged between two left support blocks, and installed on the upper plate surface of the horizontal bottom plate; a right press clamp is arranged between two right support blocks, and installed on the upper plate surface of the horizontal bottom plate, and a front press clamp is arranged between each two adjacent front support blocks, and installed on the upper plate surface of the horizontal bottom plate. The welding fixture disclosed by the invention is capable of accurately locating a rectangular frame and headrest connection tubes, so as to weld the four headrest connection tubes with the rectangular frame together in the subsequent process.


Images recorded byasecurity camera haveoften severely degraded duetodirty lens orsecular distortion of therecording system. Torestore these images, thefully determination ofspace variant point spread function (PSF) is required. Tomeasure PSF,weusedaliquid crystal display. Wemadesomeexperiment torestore theimages byaCCD camerawithintentionally distorted optics.


In order to align the astronomical images with the characteristics of serious noise and smoothing edges, we propose an astronomical image registration based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and a new evaluation criterion to estimate the results of the registration. The registration algorithm includes coarse registration and fine registration. According to the shift-invariance of the NSCT, the approximate translations, which will be used to create the search windows of the fine registration, are obtained. Next, the local searches are operated in subband images, and then the feature points, which are extracted by using NSCT coefficients, are matched by utility of the gray correlation, and finally we can calculate the transformation parameters. The preliminary experimental results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm in the noise suppression and the high registration accuracy which can achieve 0.2 pixels. Feature-based registration methods extract the edge features in the reference and sensed images, and then the parameters of the transform equation are obtained using these feature points, which are extracted by utilizing spatial relationships or similarity methods. The techniques of extracting the image edge features by using the edge detection operator or wavelet transform are proposed in the literature (4) (8), but the smooth edges cannot be effectively extracted. The algorithm based on the graph matching is proposed in the literature (9) and the random sample consensus (RANSAC) method is proposed in the literature (10), both of them are used to solve the optimal solution of the matching points. According to the characteristic of the astronomical images, whose change are slow and noise is relatively serious and feature structure is smoothing, a new astronomical images registration algorithm based on NSCT is proposed in this paper.


Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. Decreased serum albumin (ALB) level may facilitate the development of HE and accelerate the death of cirrhotic patients with HE. Recent evidence also suggests that human albumin infusion may reduce the incidence of HE and improve the outcomes of cirrhotic patients. This study aimed to explore the association of serum ALB level with the development of overt HE and HE-associated mortality during hospitalization. Methods: Cirrhotic patients admitted to our hospital between January 2010 and February 2019 were screened. Independent predictors for HE were identified by logistic regression analyses. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated. Area under curve (AUC) was calculated by receiver operator characteristic curve analyses. Results: Of the 2376 included patients with cirrhosis but without HE at admission, 113 (4.8%) developed overt HE during hospitalizations. ALB level (OR = 0.878, 95% CI = 0.834–0.924) was an independent risk factor for development of overt HE. AUC of ALB level for predicting the development of overt HE was 0.770 (95% CI = 0.752–0.787, p < 0.0001), and the best cut-off value was ⩽31.6 g/l. Of the 183 included patients with cirrhosis and overt HE at admission, 20 (10.9%) died during hospitalizations. ALB level (OR = 0.864, 95% CI = 0.771–0.967) was an independent risk factor for death from overt HE. The AUC of ALB level for predicting death from overt HE was 0.737 (95% CI = 0.667–0.799, p = 0.0001), and the best cut-off value was ⩽22.8 g/l. Conclusions: Decreased serum ALB level may be associated with higher risk of overt HE and HE-associated mortality during hospitalizations in cirrhosis.


Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is increasingly used after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), as a pre-emptive or curative immunotherapy of relapsed haematological malignancies, enhancing graft-versus-tumour effects [1]. The main complication is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with cumulative incidences of 40–60% and 33–61% for acute and chronic GVHD, respectively, typically developing 32–42 days after DLI [2]. Pulmonary complications after DLI are poorly documented. To our knowledge, there are no cases of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) [3] after DLI in the literature to date. Here, we report our experience of two cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with DAD following DLI after allo-HSCT, rapidly extending to fatal pulmonary fibrosis. Submission was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained. Fatal ARDS with diffuse alveolar damage: donor lymphocyte infusion imputability? http://ow.ly/WhxP3034P6s


Educator preparation programs and institutional polices should provide background knowledge and experience with digital literacies and emerging technologies in coursework and strategies. The emphasis on the integration of technology instruction is relevant in the literature today. This chapter will explore the intersections and disjunctures between digital literacy practices in an educator preparation program and personal digital literacy use from a recent study that examined the digital literacies of six teacher educators. The chapter will be organized into sections, examining technology tools, digital interactions, and online resources applied classrooms.


Purpose – This paper aims to discuss why there is often a gulf of difference between policy rhetoric and reality. In particular, the paper seeks to explore issues with the policy rhetoric, implementation process and the lens through which reality is perceived, explaining why these issues can open up a policy rhetoric‐reality gap. This article also suggests a simple matrix framework to analyse a rhetoric‐reality gap.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a reflection on, and analysis of, the issue of the difference between policy rhetoric and reality. The framework of analysis involves: issues with policy rhetoric; issues with the implementation process; issues with examining reality.Findings – Although policy rhetoric always has laudable aims, the underlying dynamics of change and interaction among the various actors at different levels of the system often means that the rhetoric may be compromised in reality. However, it is also possible that even when implementation reality may not correspond close...


The prediction of travel mode preference, like many other choice prediction problems, may depend on categorical features of the choice options or the choice makers. Such categorical features need to be meaningfully encoded for better modeling and understanding. Problem-invariant encoding representations of the categorical features, such as one-hot encoding or label encoding, can severely limit the power of prediction models. We propose deep neural networks with entity embeddings for travel mode choice prediction. We adopt the entity embedding technique to jointly learn meaningful representation of categorical variables and accurate travel mode predictions. Experiments using the London travel dataset show that deep neural networks with entity embedding technique outperform neural networks with other encoding techniques, as well as tree-based models. Besides, we found that the learned embeddings can boost the performances of tree-based models by substituting categorical features with the neural network learned features. Finally, we verify that entity embedding can learn meaningful representations of the categorical features using feature visualization at low dimensional space.


This paper explores the feasibility and effectiveness of using virtual reality (VR) technology to attract young viewers to TV programs. The aging audience of TV programs is causing difficulties for the industry, and VR technology can create a new virtual space and a rich sensory experience to engage younger audiences. VR can also create new program forms, increase audience participation, and enhance the sense of belonging. From the perspective of program effect, VR can produce more modern programs, enhance entertainment value, and improve real-time performance. Studies show that the use of VR technology in TV programs attracts more young viewers, improves ratings, and increases user satisfaction. The paper concludes that the application of VR technology is crucial in the process of TV program youth and has great potential for future development. It can create a novel program experience, increase audience participation and satisfaction, attract more young viewers, expand the market space, and enhance the social influence of TV programs.


In time correlated photon counting, the picosecond resolution offered by the reduced transit time spread of ultrafast microchannel plate (MCP) photomultipliers is fully exploited only if all other timing jitter contributions are minimized. With the ultrashort signals of MCP detectors, the commercially available circuit modules do not provide true constant fraction triggering (CFT) operation. The residual amplitude dependent time walk therefore sets the actual limit to the obtained time resolution. A new CFT scheme has been devised for obtaining true constant fraction triggering. A circuit has been accordingly developed and tested. The time walk is reduced to less than 8 ps for a 1:14 dynamic of the input signal (pulse amplitudes from 100 mV to 1.4 V) and to less than 25 ps for a 1:20 dynamic (from 70 mV to 1.4 V). It is shown that such a performance makes it possible to exploit in actual experiments the 20 ps intrinsic resolution of the fastest available MCP detectors.


Timber construction demands institutional and educational support in order to divulge its traditions, techniques and constructive characteristics. The goal of this work is to present the results achieved by a group of Brazilian teachers that have been using small scale models as a tool in the teaching of architecture and timber constructions. With simple techniques and direct methodology undergraduate students deepen their knowledge of wood buildings by producing small scale models that reproduce real life situations from the building site. This experiment has been happening for 18 years in the University of Brasília and lately has been applied in the Institute of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo.


The recent cold weather in St. Louis has me anticipating a trip in early March (3rd–4th) to sunny La Jolla, California, where I will attend and speak at the Future of Genomic Medicine (FOGM) IX meeting. As always, FOGM has a highly unique format that conveys the latest results from translational genomic (aka "precision") medicine, with the goal of aiding clinicians and researchers in making clinical decisions of individual patients more precise and personal. The meeting informs participants about how next-generation sequencing methods and analytical computational analyses can be combined for clinically relevant studies ushering genomics into evidence-based medicine. The meeting also provides perspectives on the social impact of genomic medicine as told by journalists, media personalities, and advocates. In the session on cancer, I will discuss our newest technological advances to understand the changes in DNA alterations and RNA expression that occur during cancer progression and provide specific examples from patients on how these data can influence clinical care.

The format of the meeting is a vibrant mixture of patient stories told by the patients themselves with the gentle coaxing of Dr. Eric Topol and faculty lectures that communicate current and cutting-edge approaches. The early morning introductory patient stories are always memorable and complement our vision at CSH Molecular Case Studies (MCS) to communicate important case studies in precision medicine. I was particularly moved by my colleague, Dr. Lukas Wartman, who discussed his own case with Dr. Topol at FOGM in 2012. Lukas was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 2003, and after being treated with a multidrug chemotherapy regimen, he suffered two relapses several years apart. At the time of the second relapse, he was able to enroll in a research study at Washington University School of Medicine, allowing next-generation sequencing of his bone marrow and ultimately identification of an apparent driver in the overexpression of FLT3, a druggable kinase target. By virtue of treatment with the corresponding therapy, Lukas was able to achieve complete remission and receive a lifesaving stem cell transplant. He has also written about his experience as both a patient and a cancer researcher in the inaugural issue of MCS.

Another unique aspect of the meeting is the participants. Attendees are an interactive, inquisitive group composed of academic researchers, community physicians, physician–scientists, pharmaceutical and biotechnology researchers, and undergraduates from local STEM programs. I always enjoy this meeting because it illustrates the current excitement, reality, and promise of precision medicine, and supports the idea that there is value in understanding individual patients and their disease from an "N of 1" perspective. This notion, of course, stands in stark contrast to the typical "one size fits all" approach that medicine has pursued for years and acknowledges the individual nature of diseases with a genetic component. With the journal's launch in the autumn of 2015, I will attend this year's meeting with a new purpose in mind. Much like FOGM, the journal provides a forum for communicating the results of translational medicine across the community of medical research and practice. Our aim is to encourage sharing of patient data broadly and rapidly and to reinforce the value of communicating "N of 1" cases so that our collective knowledge becomes an N of many.

Competing Interest Statement
The author has declared no competing interest.


Objective To evaluate myocardial systolic function and myocardial blood flow in risk area after adenosine preconditioning(AP) on dogs ischemia reperfusion heart model with real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography(rt-MCE).Methods Thirteen dogs were divided into two groups: AP group(n=7,intravenous infusion of adenosine before ischemia,0.3 mg/min,30 ml) and control group(n=6,intravenous infusion of physiological saline before ischemia,30 ml).The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded to produce myocardial ischemia reperfusion models(ischemia 3 h,reperfusion 1 h).Contrast agent SonoVue was injected via femoral vein at different time points(baseline before occlusion,ischemia 3 h and reperfusion 1 h),and then short axis images of left ventricular papillary muscle were collected at each time point,and pressure curve of left ventricle was simultaneously recorded.Results Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) in AP group at reperfusion 1 h was higher than that in control group(P0.05).At ischemia 3 h and reperfusion 1 h,the maximal rising rate of left ventricular pressure(+dp/dtmax) was higher than that in control group(both P0.05).With reperfusion,myocardial blood flow in necrosis area and risk area were lower than the normal area,myocardial blood flow in the necrosis area was the lowest(all P0.05).The blood flow in myocardial risk area increased in AP group(P0.05).Conclusion Adenosine preconditioning can be used to improve myocardial systolic function,increase myocardial perfusion in risk area and improve myocardial microcirculation effectively after ischemia reperfusion.


Forest fires are common phenomenon in many countries, including Poland. Forest divisions are the institutions responsible for their monitoring and control. Their task is to detect, fight and counteract the fire forest effects. For a long time forest divisions have maintained the database of forest fires, since 2010 in digital version (Information System of the State Forests – SILP, Llas.2). The information gathered in SILP includes the classification, size and location of fires. The Information for the years 2010–2014 was obtained from the Forest Division Suchedniow (Świetokrzyskie province). Most fires were small, often limited to undergrowth and soil cover (less than 1 ha), two of them were classified as medium-size fires (over 1 ha). In post-fire areas a series of shallow geological borings was made. In most profiles no fire traces (layers of charcoal, individual coals etc.) where found. Such traces were preserved on flood plains, under the edges of terraces, where post-fire layer was covered by colluvial deposits. The study of forest soil pH indicate that fires which occurred many years ago did not leave any significant changes in the pH level, while in fire areas several years old pH level was lower. The results of contemporary post-fire sediments studys may be helpful in paleogeographical and geoarchaeological reconstructions (e.g. O'Connor, Evans 2005). In geological profiles it is common to find single charcoals, rarely layers. Their presence, changing the amount of sediment raises a number of controversies and problems with interpretation. In the Druc River valley (Belarus) the layer (0.2–0.35 cm) of post-fire charcoal (14C dating: younger than 200 years old) is covered with sandy colluvia (thickness 30 cm) with numerous of Neolithic and Iron Age artifacts. In this case the thickness of post-fire sediment many times exceeds sediments observed in Suchedniow Forest District, and suggests the occurrence of a very large forest fire (probably anthropogenic). After the fire, intensive soil erosion began in the burnt area, which in a short time covered fossilized charcoals layer by colluvium containing the artifacts.


Introduction. In the process of professional training, there are qualitative changes in the professional development of the individual, because it is during this period that the basic identification characteristics that determine her propensity for the future profession are formed. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to determine the conceptual foundations of pro-fessional training of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy. Methods. Analysis of scientific methodological literature. Results. In the course of the research the three main stages of forming the professional identity of specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy are distinguished and characterized. Important in shaping the professional identity of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy is involved in specialized trainings, during which the future specialist compares professional value orientations with their own capabilities, realities of professional activity and interpersonal relationships. Due to the factors of cooperation, dialogue, activity–creative approach, individuality and freedom of de-velopment, choice of content and forms of training, approaches have some common features: psychological basis of educational activity of future specialists; focus on the formation of professional qualities; combination, integrated use of components, principles, criteria, learning tools, methods and different technologies. Originality. The basic provisions of the conception of formation of professional identity of future specialists in physical therapy, ergotherapy in higher education institutions are developed. Conclusion. On the basis of the conducted research it is established that at the present stage of development of psychological and pedagogical science methodological and textological material is accumulated, contains various complementary theoretical and practical approaches to the study of professional identity, but differentiates the object of study various aspects of scientific phenomenon and "identity". The organization of vocational training, taking into account the provisions developed, will contribute to the formation of professional identity of future physical therapists and ergotherapists.


"This book makes an important contribution to our understanding of diversity work on the ground and the crucial role of collaboration among faculty leadership and administrators. It is an invaluable resource for those involved in diversifying higher education in a challenging legal environment." -Lee Bollinger, president, Columbia University "Doing Diversity in Higher Education is an extraordinary collection of essays by faculty leaders from a diverse group of colleges and universities. Their candid analyses of a broad range of transformation efforts are a testament to both the successes and shortcomings of this important work. In the context of an ongoing backlash against diversity initiatives in the academy-despite the urgency of these projects-it is refreshing to witness the tenacity and courage of such a group." -Beverly Guy-Sheftall, founding director, Women's Research & Resource Center, Spelman College Incorporating case studies from a rich variety of colleges and universities throughout the nation, Doing Diversity in Higher Education examines the role faculty play in improving diversity on their campuses. The power of professors to enhance diversity has long been underestimated and their initiatives often hidden from view. Winnifred R. Brown-Glaude and a stellar group of contributors uncover major themes and offer faculty and administrators a blueprint for addressing important issues facing higher education. Essays explore how to dismantle hostile microclimates, sustain and enhance accomplishments, deal with incomplete institutionalization, and collaborate with administrators. The contributors believe working on behalf of diversity should not be considered faculty "service," but rather a genuine intellectual project. This accomplished collection provides a wide array of models for institutional change. Winnifred R. Brown-Glaude is an assistant professor in the department of African American studies at the College of New Jersey and was the project director for the Rutgers Institute for Women's Leadership's Ford Foundation grant. She has a Ph.D. in sociology from Temple University.


To evaluate the incidence of central hole‐induced ring‐shaped dysphotopsia after posterior chamber phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) with central hole (hole ICL) implantation and to investigate the causes of central hole‐induced dysphotopsia.


A scute is a bony type of projection often is a modified scale. Scute material from Decapterus species found in coastal waters of Macajalar Bay is presented. Geometric morphometric methods were used to determine if scute morphology can discriminate between sexes and scutes variants among different body regions. Based on the morphological characterization of scutes using SHAPE method, Paleontological Statistics (PAST) revealed a morphological variation of scutes among regions but not between male and female Decapterus sp. Scute variation often an alteration of one or more morphological, behavioral, physiological, or developmental responses. This paper will help provide more information about diversity and complexity of fish scutes as it may resolve identification problems for future fish taxonomy.


The school system is a green pasture for inexhaustible investigations for the purpose of enhancing academic achievement. The reason is that factors and variables within the confines of educational activities appear also to be inexhaustible. One such factor that attracted an investigation is 'administrative stress' as it affects secondary school principals. This paper presents the results of a research conducted on the subject. Five hypotheses were proposed. The results revealed that inadequate funding; inadequate school facilities, work overload and poor conditions of service generated administrative stress for principals. The major implication of these results is that educational institutions should be adequately funded as other management variables will thereby be taken care of.


In the context of rapid global urbanization, urban environments represent one of the most dynamic regions on earth. Even in developed countries the yearly conversion of natural or agricultural space into residential, industrial or transport areas frequently exceeds 100 ha. The current increase in population has resulted in widespread spatial changes, particularly rapid development of built-up areas, in the city and its environs. Due to these rapid changes, up-to-date spatial information is requisite for the effective management and mitigation of the effects of built-up dynamics. Various studies have shown the potential of high resolution optical satellite data for the detection and classification of urban area. Nevertheless optical satellite imagery is characterized by a high dependency in weather conditions and daytime. Thus, particularly in case of regional and national surveys within a short period of time, disaster management, or when data have to be acquired at specific dates, radar systems are more valuable. Thus, the new generation of civil space borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-Systems with short revisit can serve as a valuable instrument. Furthermore, there is today a growing access to available data, with revisit times shorter and shorter, improved available resolutions, and a diversification of polarimetric modes. Thus, promising approaches towards the classification of urban area include the analysis of multipolarized image analysis.


Background There was a causal relationship between elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and increased risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) in whites and blacks. The present study aimed to investigate whether Lp(a) levels were associated with aortic stenosis (AS) severity and clinical events in Chinese patients. Methods Levels of serum Lp(a) were measured in 652 patients with CAVS, whom all underwent baseline echocardiographic examination. The clinical endpoint was defined as a composite of aortic valve replacement (AVR) and cardiac death. Results Patients in the tertile 3 of Lp(a) had a higher percentage of severe AS compared with those in the tertile 1 and 2 of Lp(a) (46.2% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.005). Moreover, the top tertile of Lp(a) was an independent predictor of severe AS (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.18–2.66, P = 0.006). However, there was no significant association between tertile 3 of Lp(a) and clinical events (hazard ratio: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.43–1.24; P = 0.239) in the multivariate Cox regression analysis during a mean follow-up time of 3.16 ± 2.74 years. Conclusions Elevated Lp(a) level was an independent predictor of severe AS by echocardiography in the Chinese population, but was not associated with the increased risk of AVR and cardiac death, suggesting that Lp(a) levels might be helpful in the risk stratification of patients with CAVS.


During the last three decades processes of urban development have spread speedily across the globe, transforming hundreds of cities into primary sites for the implementation of a neoliberal agenda. ...


In this article we consider the $m$-topology on linebreak $M(X,mathscr{A})$, the ring of all real measurable functions on a measurable space $(X, mathscr{A})$, and we denote it by $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$. We show that $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$ is a Hausdorff regular topological ring, moreover we prove that if $(X, mathscr{A})$ is a $T$-measurable space and $X$ is a finite set with $|X|=n$, then $M_m(X,mathscr{A})cong mathbb R^n$ as topological rings. Also, we show that $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$ is never a pseudocompact space and it is also never a countably compact space. We prove that $(X,mathscr{A})$ is a pseudocompact measurable space, if and only if $ {M}_{m}(X,mathscr{A})= {M}_{u}(X,mathscr{A})$, if and only if $ M_m(X,mathscr{A}) $ is a first countable topological space, if and only if $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$ is a connected space, if and only if $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$ is a locally connected space, if and only if $M^*(X,mathscr{A})$ is a connected subset of $M_m(X,mathscr{A})$.


In a recent paper in the journal, Calbet (2001) describes the analysis of data on primary production and mesozoo-plankton grazing from a wide variety of marine ecosystems. The somewhat surprising result of Calbet's analysis is that, ''The slope of the log-log relationship between ingestion rates and PP was significantly Ͻ1, indicating a decline of relative importance of mesozooplankton grazing with increasing PP'' (Calbet 2001, p. 1824). It is a well-known fact, however, that model I regression analysis leads to a biased estimate of the slope between two variables X and Y when both variables are subject to error (Ricker 1973; Laws and Archie 1981; Sokal and Rohlf 1981). The nature of the bias causes the magnitude of the expectation value of the model I slope to underestimate the magnitude of the true slope of the underlying relationship between X and Y. Calbet's model I analysis, treating the logarithm of primary production (PP) as the independent variable (X) and the logarithm of meso-zooplankton ingestion rate (I) as the dependent variable (Y), indicates that I varies as PP is raised to the 0.64 power. However, had Calbet performed a similar analysis treating the logarithm of I as the independent variable and the logarithm of PP as the dependent variable, he would have concluded that I varied as PP raised to the 0.64r Ϫ2 power (Laws 1997), where r is the product-moment correlation coefficient between log(I) and log(PP). In this case, r ϭ 0.45, and (0.64)(0.45) Ϫ2 ϭ 3.2. Calbet's application of a t-test to determine whether the slope of the regression line is significantly different from 1.0 is inappropriate, because both the X and Y variables are subject to error, and neither was under the control of the investigator (Laws 1997). With respect to error, it is important to realize that for variables such as I and PP there are two sources of error. One is the measurement error. The other, as noted by Ricker (1973, p. 410), is the error ''inherent in the material being measured.'' In the case of I and PP, it is reasonable to assume that factors other than PP control I, and vice versa. Thus one would expect to see scatter in a plot of PP and I, even if both variables were measured with great accuracy. Model I regression methods will provide an un-biased estimate of the slope between X and Y even when both X …


The blood libel is normally associated with anti-Semitic traditions, but in Soviet atheist propaganda of the 1950s and early 1960s it was evangelical Christians who were accused of ritually killing young children. In the existing scholarly literature, the anti-religious campaigns of the Khrushchev era tend to be explained in terms of a quest for scientific, rational modernity, but by focusing on the blood libel I uncover a rather more sensationalist dimension to them. The shocking and emotive stories and images found in the press and other published materials had a powerful impact on the popular imagination, and even when the Soviet government criticized such approaches after 1964, fears of a "sectarian" conspiracy remained. Drawing on two case-studies from the archives, I examine in detail the legal proceedings, the press coverage, and public reactions and I suggest that belief in the blood libel should be understood not only in terms of concerns over religious boundaries but also, and perhaps primarily, in relation to anxiety about the safety of children.


Investigation of astronomical objects and tracking of man-made space objects lead to generation of huge amount of information for optical processing. Traditional big-size optical elements (such as optical telescopes) have a tendency for increasing aperture size in order to improve sensitivity. This tendency leads to increasing of weight and costs of optical systems and stimulate search for the new, more adequate technologies. One approach to meet these demands is based on developing of holographic optical elements using new polymeric materials. We have investigated possibility to use new material PQ-PMMA (phenantrenequinone-doped PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate)) for fabrication of highly selective optical filters and fast spatial-temporal light modulators. This material was originally developed in Russia and later was tested in CalTech as a candidate material for optical storage. Our theoretical investigation predicts the possibility of realization of fast spatial and temporal light modulation, using volume reflection-type spectral filter. We have developed also model of holographic-grating recording in PQ-PMMA material, based on diffusional amplification. This mechanism of recording allow to receive high diffraction efficiency during recording of reflection-type volume holographic grating (holographic mirror). We also investigated recording of dynamic gratings in the photorefractive crystals LiNbO3 (LN) for space-based spectroscopy and for adaptive correction of aberrations in the telescope's mirrors. We have shown, that specific 'photogalvanic' mechanism of holographic grating recording in LN allow to realize recording of blazed gratings for volume and surface gratings. Possible applications of dynamic gratings in LN for amplification of images, transmitted through an imaging fiber guide was also demonstrated.


Superconductivity and Particle Accelerator (SPAS) conference is devoted to research in the domain of superconductivity and its applications in science, as well as on research in the field of particle accelerators, conducted in Polish research institutions as well as by Polish scientists working in the international laboratories. The objective of SPAS conference is to identify current and potential areas of research in superconductivity and particle accelerators, developed and possible to develop in Poland and to determine the needs in the infrastructure to support this research. The SPAS'2018 program included all main areas related to the superconductivity and accelerators, and also included a task of challenges in thermonuclear projects, which are non-accelerator project but related to the superconductivity and superconducting technology developed for accelerators. Another interesting subjects presented during conference were the Rapid Single Quantum Flux electronics which uses Josephson junctions and could be possible used in superconducting quantum computer, and lead-free materials that could substitute materials containing lead in its composition.


OBJECTIVE
Suicide rates have been of increasing concern across the United States, particularly among military veterans. The Veterans Health Administration has initiated multiple suicide prevention initiatives, but little research has examined the impact of these programs. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that more frequent contact with suicide prevention clinicians would predict lower odds of suicidal behavior.

METHOD
Retrospective medical record review was performed for 1364 veterans identified as high risk for suicide during 2012-2018. Logistic regression was used to test whether the number of suicide prevention contacts predicted the odds of suicide attempt, any self-directed violence, or reactivation of high-risk status in the next year, accounting for age, sex, length of high-risk episode, and other mental health contacts.

RESULTS
Each additional suicide prevention coordinator contact was associated with 4%-5% lower odds of suicide attempt, suicidal behavior, and reactivation of high-risk status in the next year (ps < 0.05). For suicide attempt and self-directed violence, associations were stronger when considering only initial high-risk episodes (8%-10% lower odds, ps < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest ongoing support from suicide prevention clinicians can have a significant protective effect. Additional research is needed to identify mechanisms by which this support reduces risk.


In this paper, we provide algorithms to rank and unrank certain degree-restricted classes of Cayley trees (spanning trees of the n-vertex complete graph). Specifically, we consider classes of trees that have a given set of leaves or a fixed number k of leaves. For fixed k, the number of Cayley trees with n vertices and k leaves grows roughly as n! and hence the ranks have O(nlog_2(n)) bits. Our ranking and unranking algorithms require at most O(n^2) comparisons of numbers less than or equal to n plus O(n) operations of multiplication, division, addition, substraction and comparision on numbers of length O(nlog(n)).


A series of fluorous surfactants with additional functionality were generated through the attachment of substituents at the amino nitrogen atom of the surfactant moiety. Examples of molecules containing one and two triazole ring systems were synthesized through N-alkylation and N-acylation strategies.


Stories about Pearl Bright and Ronda Thompson (pseudonyms), two mothers whose literacy lives offered possibilities for new relationships with their children's elementary school, are recounted in this article. Negative personal schooling histories and lack of academic successes kept Pearl from trusting the educational system and motivated Ronda to make every effort to be intimately engaged in parent involvement opportunities. Both women voiced and acted out a sense of inadequacy in the school context that they didn't demonstrate in other aspects of their families' lives. However, Pearl was an avid reader, writer, poet, and naturalist. Ronda was a constant reader and writer who regularly shared advanced knowledge about gourmet cooking and the food industry with her family. When these women's funds of knowledge and uses of family literacy were validated in the academic and social culture of the school, shifts occurred in the tenor of their home–school relationships.


Objective To investigate the atorvastatin combined with the clinical efficacy of trimetazidine treatment of coronary heart disease. Methods 120 cases of coronary heart disease patients were divided into study group and the control group by a random number table, each 60 cases. All patients have implemented conventional treatment, on this basis, the control group trimetazidine, study groups combined trimetazidine and atorvastatin, improve heart function between the two groups of patients, blood rheology and other indicators cases and incidence of adverse reactions. Results The two indices of cardiac function after treatment were significantly improved, and the degree of improvement in the study group than the control group(P 0.05); hemorheology study group after treatment, serum lipids were significantly better than the degree of improvement the control group, and significant efficiency, the total effective rate was significantly higher(P0.05). Conclusion Combination of atorvastatin and trimetazidine treatment of coronary heart disease, can improve cardiac function and hemorheology, clinical efficacy, and side effects, and has important clinical value.


This report outlines the work done on participation and engagement at Heritage Quay as part of the archive's Heritage Lottery-Funded project, 2014-17


We use a near-field scanning microwave microscope to simultaneously image the dielectric constant, loss tangent, and topography in a PbTiO3 crystal. By this method, we study the effects of the local dielectric constant and loss tangent in the geometry of periodic domains on the measured resonant frequency, and quality factor. We also carry out theoretical calculations and the results agree well with the experimental data and reveal the anisotropic nature of the dielectric constant.


Genus Siegesbeckia has been utilized as herbal medicine for treating arthritis, stroke, rash and other diseases for hundreds of years in East Asia. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated the species of genus Siegesbeckia contains numerous naturally occurring active compounds. Till now, 250 compounds have been separated from Siegesbeckia species, namely 128 diterpenoids, 71 sesquiterpenoids, 14 flavonoids and 37 other compounds. A number of studies showed Siegesbeckia extracts or constituents possessed various therapeutic activities, including anti-inflammation, analgesia, anti-cancer and so on. Some of them have a bright prospect in naturally occurring drug discovery.The information provided by this review is expected to be beneficial for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the genus Siegesbeckia.


Abstract : The present study was an attempt to replicate the experiment and findings of Putz et al. (1976). In the Putz et al. study it was shown that 5 percent COHb resulting from four hours of exposure to 70 ppm CO produced decrements in tracking and monitoring behavior in healthy young men. Intensive effort was made to assure that the Putz et al. procedural and equipment were duplicated. Certain procedural changes were introduced out of necessity or due to lack of exact information. The results of the present study using 22 healthy men did not show a statistically significant effect of CO exposure to 100 ppm for four hours on either tracking or monitoring. In the present study (a) observed trends were in the same direction as those of Putz et al. (b) results approached statistical significance criterion and (c) several inadvertent methodological changes from Putz et al. apparently occurred. Due to these considerations and the findings of Putz et al. (1976) and Putx (1979), it may be tentatively concluded that (a) tracking may be sensitive to impairment by CO exposure (b) monitoring does not appear to be affected by CO exposure and (c) important variables in research on the effects of CO exposure on tracking appear to be the level of subject training and the task difficulty. Originator supplied keywords include: Carbon monoxide, CO Tracking, Vigilance, Flash Detection, Human Carboxyhemoglobin.


We have examined α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SM actin) protein and mRNA levels in proliferating and density‐arrested rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and also studied overall polypeptide synthesis in these cells by two‐dimensional (2‐D) gel electrophoresis. Of the approximately 1,000 cellular polypeptides resolved by 2‐D gel analysis, we consistently detected increased expression of 12 polypeptides in growth‐arrested SMC. These polypeptides, with apparent molecular weights of 24,000 to 55,000 exhibited relative increases of between fourfold to greater than tenfold. Three of these polypeptides were expressed at undetectable levels in proliferating SMC. We also detected 12 secreted polypeptides that were expressed at higher levels in growth‐arrested SMC. More changes were associated with the secreted polypeptides, since they represented approximately 4% of the total resolved secreted polypeptides, while only 1% of the cellular polypeptides were increased in high‐density growth‐arrested cells. Under these conditions we observed no change in relative α‐SM actin protein content as determined by 2‐D gel analysis and Western blots. This was corroborated by high levels of α‐SM actin mRNA levels in both proliferating and high‐density growth‐arrested SMC. These results indicate rabbit vascular SMC maintain a high level of expression of a smooth muscle differentiation marker (α‐SM actin) in a proliferation‐ and density‐independent manner. We also examined polypeptide synthesis in SMC isolated by enzymatic digestion of the aorta vs. cells isolated by the explant method. We found that although overall protein patterns were remarkably similar, several differences were observed. These differences were not due to increased contamination by fibroblasts, since both enzymatically‐ and explant‐derived SMC contained high levels of α‐SM actin as determined by immunofluorescence and by Northern analysis.


By using fuzzy controller for combustion of Soaking Pits in Japan,it describes the features of combustion control system which the fuzzy controller is applied.Real\|time control results show that the control ideal is applicable and effect is satisfactory.


Space net capture robot system provides a new kind of on-orbit capture strategy by using flexible tether-net system.Because the inertia time-varying characteristic during the net release and target capture procedure,the attitude dynamics of space net capture robot system is very different from general spacecraft.In this paper with a consideration about gradient of gravity,the inertia time-varying attitude dynamics for pre and post-capture are investigated,and series of simulations with different initial conditions are performed.The simulation results reveal that during the capture an obvious in-plane libration will take place,but the stability of equilibrium point will not be influenced.The result of the paper also provides a technology support for system attitude control in the subsequence research.


Modern economic capitalism has long engulfed small farmers in rural coffee plantations in South Sumatra. Capitalism has always been wrapped within good deeds. The definition of good deeds in this article is how the capitalists disguise their evil economic activities with morality to deceive the small coffee farmers. The aim of this research is to find out the experiences of small coffee farmers and their conflicts of interest and power. It also aims to understand the government's role in saving coffee farmers from economic dependency and poverty. The field study was conducted to analyze the behaviours and habits of the informants and the local culture observed on a daily basis. The collected data were then analyzed with descriptive qualitative methods based on the semantic relationship between variables. The results of the study prove that the poverty among coffee farmers was due to various factors, such as; historical elements as a result of colonial-feudalism, financial-industrial and technological-industrial dependency rendering them helpless. The farmers' expenditure is increasing, hence consumerism is rampant and has become their new lifestyle. The farmers also adopted a new habit of money-borrowing from the coffee collectors due to the rapid growth of population and economic pressure. The long-term debt then got paid through instalment scheme whenever the harvest time came.


ABSTRACT Bunker Shielding is most important in the safety of an accelerator and one of the most important aspects of this shielding is the door. The bunker's door have be properly designed to minimize the leakage radiation and shall not exceed the permitted limit of 2.5pSv/hr. In such a bunker, the leakage radiation doses were estimated using the radiation protection concept and the data provided by machine supplier (BINP). The radiation leakage outside the bunker was determined through direct measurement using a survey meter. It was found thai there were leakage radiation doses that have exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5/aSv/hr at the gap between the bunker's door and the wall, with the highest found to be at the labeled location 10 which were f66.6f7pSv/hr (from, the calculation) and f79.573p.Sv/hr (from direct measurement). This high leakage radiation dose was due to the lack of significant thickness in the bunker's door of the shielding and the size of the gaps between the door and the wall. Thus modification and improvement to the shielding need to be done in order to protect workers and the public whilst the accelerator is in operation.


Foeniculum vulgare Mill. with common name fennel, is a very popular spice as well as an important traditional Chinese medicine. The plant is native to Southern Europe and Mediterranean region. It has two important subspecies of Capillaceum and Piperitum. It mainly contains essential oil, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, etc. The most intense odor compounds of fennel are trans-anethole, estragole and fenchone. Fennel has many biological activities due to its volatile and nonvolatile compounds, and it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating various conditions, particularly rheumatism, cold pain and stomach disorder. It is also used as a spice for its aromatic fruit. This review covers progresses on the chemistry, pharmacology and nutraceutical value of fennel, and aims to lay the foundation for further study and utilization of fennel.

 Key words: Chemistry, bioactivity, Foeniculum vulgare.


Tennis is a sport characterised by dynamic movements which play an important role in the performance and risk of injury of the player (Reinschmidt and Nigg 2000). These manoeuvres require sufficien...


: Internal audit, together with national audit and social audit, constitutes China's audit supervision system and is an essential component of the Party and state supervision system. This article explores the construction of an intelligent supervision system for the internal auditing of state-owned enterprises in Beijing from four aspects: data intelligence collection, data intelligence processing and storage, data intelligence extraction and analysis, and data intelligence application. It helps to provide a reference for enterprises to build a centralized, unified, authoritative, and efficient internal auditing intelligent supervision system. Also, it helps to improve the supervision system of the Party and the state, and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.


In this article, the narrative of Cain and Abel in Genesis Chapter 4 - sibling conflict- is reinterpreted as a kind of conflicts among social groups, while traditional interpretations have regarded the narrative merely as conflict between good and evil. For it is hardly impractical to discern clearly good and evil in the conflicts among social groups, it is more appropriate to consider them as a status conflict between the strong and the weak, the center and the margin. And also it will be more useful to take advantage of the meaning and plot of emotion than distinguish good(positive) emotion and bad(negative) emotion. Therefore, I treat emotion as a ``vector(mathematical term that has size and direction)` moving in space, following the proposal of Emmanuel Y. Letty which viewed the spirituality as a vector. Miroslav Volf showed an interpretation of Cain`s exclusion. So the dynamics of exclusion can be configured with envy and shame as vectors, in the space where one can embrace the other. Envy is a vector that shove out the others from one`s space, and also shame is another vector that shove oneself out from one`s space. With this mathematical symbol of vector, we can regard conflicts among social groups as the dynamics of relations, not the distinction between good and evil. When exclusion is understood with vectors of envy and shame in space, the self-reflection and the awareness of emotion will be followed. As a result, the exclusion can be not be fixed, but relaxed.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a therapeutic medicinal composition which contains sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid as an essential ingredient and is useful in treatment for venous insufficiency and venous ulcer and remission of venous ulcer. SOLUTION: This medicinal composition contains (A) sulfasalazine or (B) a monomeric or dimeric form of 3-aminosalicylic acid as an essential ingredient and is preferably dosed orally or topically. This medicine comprising the component A or the component B is preferably given in a suitable preparation together with an excipient so that its daily dose of the active ingredients becomes 0.1-4g.


Due to the heterogeneity of radio access technology and service in the 4G heterogeneous wireless access networks, it has been a great challenge on radio resource management. This paper considers a bandwidth allocation approach for multiple services in fourth generation (4G) heterogeneous wireless access networks where a mobile with multi-homing capability will be able to simultaneously connect to several wireless interfaces. In this scheme, a utility function is introduced to estimate the effect of network performance when the network provide bandwidth to a new arrival connection and the bandwidth offered by different wireless access networks is normalized by using their corresponding capacities. And then, based on the concept of network utility, a bandwidth allocation algorithm is proposed to allocate bandwidth to both CBR and VBR connections depending on utility fairness for same type of service not only within a wireless access network but also among different wireless access networks. Simulation results show that our bandwidth allocation algorithm is effective in allocating bandwidth for both CBR and VBR services while keeping connection blocking probability substantially low.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of Shewhart methodology and other quality management principles to gain a deeper understanding of the observed volatility in stock returns and its impact on market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The validity of quality management philosophy in the context of financial market behaviour is discussed. The technique of rational subgrouping is used to identify the observable variations in stock returns as either common or special cause variation. The usefulness of the proposed methodology is investigated through empirical data. The risk/return and skewness/kurtosis trade-offs of S&P 500 stocks are examined. The consistency of this approach is reviewed by relating the separated variability to "efficient market" and "behavioural finance" theories.

Findings

Significant positive and negative risk/return trade-offs were found after partitioning the returns series into common and special cause periods, respectively, while total data did not exhibit a significant risk/return trade-off at all. A highly negative skewness/kurtosis trade-off was found in total and special cause periods as compared to the common cause periods. These results are broadly consistent with the theoretical concepts of finance and other empirical findings.

Practical implications

The quality management principles-based approach to analysing financial data avoids the complexities commonly found in stochastic-volatility forecasting models.

Social implications

The results provide new insights into the impact of volatility in stock returns. They should have direct implications for financial market participants.

Originality/value

The authors explore the relevance of Shewhart methodology in analysing variability in stock returns through reviewing financial market behaviour.


BACKGROUND
Enterobiasis occurs throughout the female genital tract and may involve peritoneal surfaces. It is generally an incidental finding at surgery or at autopsy but occasionally is symptomatic. Most of the superficial lesions are composed of granulomas with variable fibrosis in which diagnostic eggs are found, often associated with degenerated adult worms. Multiple histologic sections may be required to establish the diagnosis in older lesions.

CASE
A case of enterobiasis of the ovary in a patient with squamous-cell carcinoma in situ of the cervix is presented. The features of enterobiasis are discussed.

CONCLUSION
The importance of mistaking such lesions for ovarian cancer is discussed.


The spectral and localization properties of heterogeneous random graphs are determined by the resolvent distributional equations, which have so far resisted an analytic treatment. We solve analytically the resolvent equations of random graphs with an arbitrary degree distribution in the high-connectivity limit, from which we perform a thorough analysis of the impact of degree fluctuations on the spectral density, the inverse participation ratio, and the distribution of the local density of states (LDOSs). For random graphs with a negative binomial degree distribution, we show that all eigenvectors are extended and that the spectral density exhibits a logarithmic or a power-law divergence when the variance of the degree distribution is large enough. We elucidate this singular behaviour by showing that the distribution of the LDOSs at the centre of the spectrum displays a power-law tail controlled by the variance of the degree distribution. In the regime of weak degree fluctuations the spectral density has a finite support, which promotes the stability of large complex systems on random graphs.


In this paper, the inkjet printing of polymeric field-effect transistors (FETs), inverters and active-matrix backplanes will be reviewed. Inkjet printing, which is characterized as an additive and noncontact patterning method, is an efficient method of fabricating organic devices. All-solution-processed FETs were prepared in ambient air by inkjet-printing the liquid sources of a conductor or a semiconductor, and exhibited a high on–off current ratio of more than 105. This stability is attributed to the high ionization potential (5.4 eV) of the fluorene–bithiophene copolymer used in our work. Channel lengths of less than 20 µm were also achieved by depositing an aqueous dispersion of a conducting polymer along a prepatterned strip that exhibited a hydrophobic surface, thus defining the transistor channel. Partially-solution-processed FETs were also obtained by combining conventional vacuum processes and the inkjet printing of solutions. This approach is considered to be efficient for producing actual devices, and flexible active-matrix backplanes were fabricated using this structure. A flexible electrophoretic display has been achieved by laminating an inkjet-printed active-matrix backplane with an electrophoretic device.


Perfluorocyclobutane (PFCB) polymer solutions were subjected to pulsed ultrasound, leading to mechanically induced chain scission and molecular weight degradation. (19)F NMR revealed that the new, mechanically generated end groups are trifluorovinyl ethers formed by cycloreversion of the PFCB groups, a process that differs from thermal degradation pathways. One consequence of the mechanochemical process is that the trifluorovinyl ether end groups can be remended simply by subjecting the polymer solution to the original polymerization conditions, that is, heating to >150 °C. Stereochemical changes in the PFCBs, in combination with radical trapping experiments, indicate that PFCB scission proceeds via a stepwise mechanism with a 1,4-diradical intermediate, offering a potential mechanism for localized functionalization and cross-linking in regions of high stress.


The recent Climate Summits, in particular Copenhagen in 2009 and Durban in 2011, were at least disappointing. Many negotiators, many heads of state had hoped that they could bring home a more satisfying result. It has turned out that reaching international cooperation is much more complicated and much more time-consuming than many observers anticipated. Pursuing their own interests nation states seem to have an incentive to continually increase their use of the atmosphere, eventually deeply disturbing this precious ecological system. It seems that the 'Tragedy of the Commons' has not been transformed into a 'Drama of the Commons' where people learn their proper roles and accept their responsibilities, in short, where self-government can establish institutions that enable communities to manage such resources remarkably well. Managing the global commons remains a drama in any case because neither is a happy-end guaranteed nor is humankind doomed to fail. Managing the global commons requires knowledge and insights from scientists. It also requires wise and bold statecraft.


In a paper in the Duke Journal, A. E. Taylor remarks that it is an open question whether or not there exists a projection of the space (m)y of bounded sequences, on its subspace (c0), the space of sequences convergent to 0. In this note we make a few remarks which supplement those of Taylor on this question, and we point out that a negative answer follows from a recent result of R. S. Phillips, so that the question is now settled. Taylor shows that if a projection of the space (c), of convergent sequences, on the space (co) exists, it must be of norm greater than or equal to 2. This implies the same result for (m) on (co), since any projection of (m) on (co) would be in particular a projection of (c) on (co). The space (c) is essentially of dimension only one greater than that of its subspace (co). This follows since (c) is obviously the set of all elements of the form x = x ( 0 ) + / X i , where Xi= (1, 1, • • • ), x (0 £(co), and t is a number. If x~ {xi} is any element of (c), the linear functional a(x) = / = limnH.oo xn is of norm 1, and vanishes on the subspace (co). Now it is a remark of Bohnenblust that for any subspace of a normed linear space L defined by the vanishing of a fixed linear functional on L, there exist projections of norm less than or equal to 2 + e, for arbitrary e>0 . Consequently there are projections of (c) on (co) of norm less than or equal to 2 + €. There are projections of (c) on (̂ o) which are of norm exactly 2, as may be seen as follows. If x— (x+tXi)£.(c), the general form of a projection of (c) on (c0) is


The failure of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farming could make farmers stop their cultivation activities. As an alternative, vannamei shrimp cultivation gives hope for productive, profitable, and sustainable cultivation. The development of shrimp farming in Tegal City is carried out through simple methods, intensive technology, and the use of Busmetik technology or mini-scale shrimp farming on plastic ponds. The high demand in the shrimp market continues to encourage farmers to increase their productivity by increasing stocking density. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of vannamei shrimp cultivation which is cultivated intensively including yields, survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and shrimp growth in Tegal City, Central Java Province. The research was conducted from July to October 2019. The research method used was a case study with 16 plots of ponds, and the average area of the pond was 1000 m2. Based on the results of the calculation, it can be seen that the average yield is 1,603 kg per pond with a stocking density of 100 fish/m2, a survival rate (SR) is 85.6%, a feed conversion ratio (FCR) is 1.41 and the shrimp growth is 0.16 grams per day. Economically, based on the Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C ratio) of 1.46, vannamei shrimp cultivation in Tegal City is profitable so that shrimp farming can be carried out sustainably.


Proportional control of curvature of a flexible bevel-tipped needle can be accomplished by rotating the needle shaft with a duty cycle. Using this technique, an algorithm for image-guided path-following control in two dimensions, based on an autonomous vehicle controller, has been previously demonstrated. This paper describes a computationally simple algorithm that extends the path-following control to three dimensions. Results from simulation are presented.


The present invention relates to a method for using ViewPort frustum provide information about the targets. The method comprises the steps of: (a) specify the vertices are at least two views see frustum viewpoint of each user terminal; and (b) by reference to the common contained in the first video and see frustum second video see frustum both target to calculate the target level of concern, first, as the apex see frustum is the culmination point of view of the first user terminal and the second video see frustum is a second user viewpoint terminal.


Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a major challenge in the treatment of malignant neoplasms. However, with the development of cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy and local therapies, survival rates have improved significantly. Treatment of patients with CRC in the third and subsequent lines of therapy suggests the use of regorafenib / TAS102, as well as a return to previously used chemotherapy. Late-line treatment with anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab, panitumumab) is the choice for mCRC as it has been shown to improve survival rates. BRAF inhibitor and an anti-EGFR antibody is effective in BRAF mutations. A feature of the HER2 / neu mutation is the requirement for dual blockade with trastuzumab + lapatinib or pertuzumab + trastuzumab. For MSI-high, anti-PD therapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or nivolumab + ipilimumab combination therapy) is highly effective. Adagrasib and sotorasib have demonstrated their value in the treatment of CRC with the KRAS G12C mutation. Two inhibitors are approved for NTRK-positive colorectal cancer — larotrectinib and entrectinib. It is also worth noting that one of the local options for the treatment of mCRC is stereotactic radiation therapy. This article presents the current possibilities of therapy for chemoresistant CRC.


Abstract: Quality of life is an important outcome measure of palliative care among people who are terminally ill; however, there are no specific instruments to measure this outcome in Thailand. This study examined the validity and reliability of Thai version of the Missoula-Vitas Quality-of-Life Index. Four steps were used: forward-backward translation; content validity testing by expert committee confirmation; construct validity testing by the convergent, known-groups technique and exploratory factor analysis; and internal consistency reliability testing. One hundred and eighty Thais with advanced cancer receiving palliative care at 5 healthcare settings participated in the convergent, exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing, and 126 were a part of the 180 participants in the known-groups technique. The sample size was determined via estimation of the population proportion from each of the selected study sites. The Thai version of the Index has acceptable content validity and known group technique can differentiate quality of life total scores, functional and interpersonal dimensions. Factor analysis yielded seven factors accounting for 60.88% of variance and five domains of the original Index accounting for 49.9% of variance. An examination of the factor loadings did not support the theoretical structure of the instrument and the internal consistency reliability in each dimension was rather low. The instrument may not have suitable psychometric properties but has some clinical utility for assessing the overall quality of life. Therefore we recommend that another instrument for people with advanced cancer within the Thai cultural context be developed and tested.


Purpose: Although projection acquisition (PA), which fills in k-space data with radial spokes, was the first k-space trajectory, it had not been widely used for the time being due to sensitivity to B0 inhomogeneity and gradient nonlinearity. Thanks to the advance of MR technology, PA recently revived and its advantages were appreciated again such as less sensitivity to motion and a shorter echo-time (TE) without phase encoding. Such advantages motivated most of ultrashort TE (UTE) imaging techniques to employ PA as their basic sampling strategy (1, 2, 3). Thus, it was very natural the first application of the original UTE technique (1) was lung imaging, where some challenging issues exist due to T2 * shortening and respiratory motion. Although PA intrinsically offers reduced motion artifacts, respiratory gating is preferable for a better image quality in many cases of lung studies. When 3D PA is used with the respiratory gating and parts of projections are selected below/above a certain threshold of the respiration phase, non-uniform regions appear on a sphere in the 3D k-space trajectory (4), which may cause some streak artifacts and blurring in images. In this study, we show that increasing the number of interleaves can practically be a good and easy way to avoid this issue when filling in 3D k-space with a spiral trajectory, demonstrating the results of simulation and human lung imaging at 3T.


ABSTRACT Objective: This study was conducted to know the incidence of Urinary Tract Infection in the patients of diabetes mellitus. Place and time of study: This study was conducted in Outdoor patient department of THQ Hospital Pattoki, Pakistan lasting from January 2018 to June 2018. Materials and Methods: Every patient who had diabetes mellitus from last 3 years was included in our study. Patients were asked about asked about symptoms of UTI and fever on a preformed questionnaire. Urine samples were collected and then urine cultures were obtained. Informed Consent was obtained from every patient prior to inclusion in the study. Results:  A total of 376 patients were included in our study. The mean age was  49.32  + 2.2 with range from 36-60 years. 200 patients were male whereas 176 patients were female. 49(13.03%) patients had positive blood cultures. Out of 49 UTI patients , 30(61.22%) were asymptomatic whereas 19(26.54%) were having symptomatic UTI. Out of 49 UTI patients , 36(73.46%)  were female whereas 13(26.54%) were males. The most common organism isolated was E.Coli, in 32(65.30%) patients whereas rest of the patient cultures showed other species. Conclusions:  Asymptomatic bacteriruia is very common and every known patient of diabetes mellitus must be screened for UTI periodically. Keywords: UTI ; Diabetes Mellitus; Urine culture ; E.Coli


The paper examines a contribution to the HighResMIP project from the MPI. The climate state in MPI-ESM with different atmosphere and ocean resolutions are examined. The paper is quite clear and thorough. Major results include the fact that increasing atmosphere horizontal resolution degraded some aspects of the solution (forming a cold bias in NH) , but this was fixed by changing the ocean vertical mixing scheme: and that using an eddy-resolving ocean fixed much of the remaining bias in ocean and atmosphere temperature. These results (when well-explained) are valuable to the community trying to decide where to invest computer time: on different resolution or ensembles or improved physics. Another aspect of interest to the community is the freeze over of the Labrador Sea and steps made to alleviate it.


Intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) is studied by picosecond time resolved stimulated emission pumping (TRSEP). This technique is used to obtain decays for 3 of the 19 previously studied vibronic levels in p‐cyclohexylaniline. These TRSEP decays allow one to quantitatively measure the ratio of fast to slow fluorescence intensities in order to obtain accurate values for the number of coupled states. This data inspired us to take a closer look at the time decays which eventually led to the understanding of why the medium energy levels exhibit temporal behavior with fast initial decays and small damped quantum beats when large undamped quantum beats are expected. This paper demonstrates that the rotational state interactions are the cause for this interesting behavior.


We study the very strong coupling effect in a semiconductor optical microcavity in which the exciton radius is dramatically modified due to the presence of strong photon–exciton coupling by means of nonlinear numerical optimization. To experimentally verify the features of very strong coupling and distinguish them from those of strong coupling, we propose two schemes and show that our proposals can provide unequivocal experimental proof of the existence of very strong coupling.


• We have developed a physics-based approach for efficiently simulating both large areas of soft tissue, and detail such as skin layers (necessary to produce wrinkles), focussing on the forehead. This includes: ◦ Automatic creation of simulation-ready non-conforming voxelbased FE models with bound surface meshes ◦ Simulation using a GPU-based non-linear total Lagrangian explicit dynamic finite element (TLED FE) solver


We use a balanced panel dataset of Australian households to study the channels through which house price fluctuations affect consumption decisions of heterogeneous households. Consistent with a wealth effect, we find that the consumption of homeowners with more than one property tends to respond to house price increases more positively than renters or those with just one property, and the consumption of renters who become homeowners (especially the older ones) responds more positively after the purchase. Consistent with a precautionary savings motive, we find that homeowners with greater income risk have stronger consumption sensitivity to house prices. We also find that rising house prices increase the probability of cash-out refinancing by constrained homeowners (particularly the young ones) and these households tend to increase consumption subsequent to refinancing. Further, credit-constrained households are sensitive to predictable changes in house prices, and more constrained households, such as young homeowners, are more sensitive to house price fluctuations. Our results suggest that house prices plays an important role in household consumption decisions, and that they influence heterogeneous households through different mechanisms. ∗Corresponding author. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


About 20 years ago interest in human trichinosis in the United States was stimulated by Queen's work, 1 in which he showed the incidence of infections, as measured by recovery of larvae from human diaphragms by peptic digestion, to be far higher than would be indicated by the reported diagnoses of clinical trichinosis. His study was followed by those of a succession of investigators who used similar techniques. Extensive studies of trichinous infections in men and in hogs were made, notably by Hall and Collins, and others working with Willard Wright at the National Institute of Health. 2 It was established that infections by Trichinella spiralis were quite common. Larvae were found in about 16 per cent of the human diaphragms collected in various parts of the United States. Wright, Jacobs and Walton 3 concluded that there was no correlation between Trichinella infection and sex, civil or military status, past


The radiohologram distortion and resolving power of space-based synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) are considered with linear FM scanning of the antenna beam, when the angle of deviation exceeds the antenna-beam width. Reduction in effective bandwidth of the linear FM signal is investigated. The response of the space-based SAR to a single point target is found analytically. The results are confirmed by modeling data. Displacement of the spatial position of the interference-generating regions is shown, and algorithms compensating this displacement are proposed.


Tooth-filling antral rhinolithiasis is the phenomenon by which dental fillings are extruded into the maxillary sinus and are a source of infection. These fillings eventually become coated by salts of calcium and therefore form a stone. We describe a rare case in which the dental amalgam was eventually seen to cause osteomeatal complex obstruction after entering the sinus.


The traditional self-examined measure of students is mainly dependent on paper,which is unable to recycle. This measure not only waste the teacher's time,but also cannot help the students to understand and correct their own mistakes timely. Now many nonprofessionals often use examination knowledge of Authorware to design the test system. Because AuthorWare was the most major characteristic has created based on the icon creation way,(what the maker only need be actually most commonly used to the icon was 12 kinds,video frequency icon not commonly used) carries on dragging and drop and dropping and the establishment,might complete the ordinary courseware the development. However,the system is inflexible and with limitation in function. Furthermore,the operation interface is unattractive. By contraries,the self-examined system mutually designed by Authorware is not only practical,but also humanism.


Recent studies have indicated an improvement in the survival rate of patients using docetaxel in addition to androgen deprivation therapy for high‐volume metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer. Hepatorrhexis, characterized by the rupture of the liver, is a rare complication associated with chemotherapies. We report a case of hepatic metastases rupture during androgen deprivation therapy combined with upfront docetaxel chemotherapy.


The paper aims to describe the articulatory traits of the Baraba-Tatar phoneme o /ʊ̇/ by the somatic methods. The method used is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Eighteen Barabian tomograms comprising o-type articulation have been described and analyzed according to the technique adopted in the V. M. Nadelyayev's Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches (Institute of Philology SB RAS). The text provides only general observations and conclusions, with a full description of all tomograms given in three tables. The experimentalphonetic analysis of the Baraba-Tatar tomograms of the vowel o allowed the author to draw several conclusions. There is a variability of the o-type tunings in Barabian, the most typical being the central-back narrow labialized ejective realization. Though it is very narrow and is phonetically transcribed as /ʊ̇/, it is acoustically perceived as o. While producing the sound o, the oral and pharyngeal cavities become very small, producing the effect of tension. Additional narrowing occurs between the soft palate and the tongue back as well as between the upper teeth and the lower lip, thus preventing the airflow from free release. The lip position is also unusual: instead of protruding forward, the upper lip moves back, tightly covering the upper teeth to produce an interesting acoustic effect. To sum up, further investigation of all vocal system units of Baraba-Tatar is needed to draw ultimate conclusions about the typological belonging of the language under consideration.


From the microscopic effect of the compression and deform of viscosity soil,it discloses the principles of the controlling of recharge to the land subsidence,introduces the mode of artificial recharge,discusses the problems existing in the process of the recharge of underground water,and puts forward the corresponding control steps to the land subsidence,gives a meaningful guidance to projects practice.


The so-called structuralist program of substantiation scientific knowledge is one of the most technically developed variants of the set-theoretic strategy of formalization and axiomatization of scientific knowledge. A distinctive feature of this version of the specified strategy is the use of a powerful mathematical apparatus, which often leads to an incorrect interpretation of its essence. This paper is devoted to a detailed description of the conceptual apparatus of the structuralist strategy for the substantiation of scientific knowledge, as well as the characteristics of the underlying substantive premises. Keywords—axiomatization; formalization; structuralism; theory; potential model; partial potential model; actual model


The adoption of triangular fuzzy sets to define Strong Fuzzy Partitions (SFPs) is a common practice in the research community: due to their inherent simplicity, triangular fuzzy sets can be easily derived from data by applying suitable clustering algorithms. However, the choice of triangular fuzzy sets may be limiting for the modeling process. In this paper we focus on SFPs built up starting from cuts (points of separation between cluster projections on data dimensions), showing that a SFP based on cuts can always be defined by trapezoidal fuzzy sets. Different mechanisms to derive SFPs from cuts are presented and compared by employing DC*, an algorithm for extracting fuzzy information granules from classified data.


SUMMARY:  This study examines trends in the disciplinary sanctions imposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) over the 35-year period 1980–2014. It reveals that the sizable increase in the number of sanctions that followed the 1988 revision to the Institute's Code of Professional Conduct has mostly stabilized. However, there is still growth in the number of sanctions being imposed for substandard professional service. The sanctions imposed for substandard professional service have also become more stringent. In combination these actions confer assurance that continuing members of the Institute provide superior professional service. A 2003 bylaw change that imposes automatic sanctions for members disciplined by approved bodies has resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of investigations undertaken by the AICPA. However, there is a high incidence of noncooperation with the remaining investigations, the reasons for which are not established by the current study.


A new typed high power LED streamer lamp relates to the optics, electricity and machinery art, more particularly relating to an illuminating element, specially relating to a daily illumination common used standard lamp, more precisely an MR16 standard lamp which adopts a high power shining diode light resource. The utility model better solves the radiation problem which puzzles the application of big power LED with a unique design. The utility model takes three big power LED as a light-emitting component, which is matched with a prism with the same beam angle, to outgo the beam, by choosing prism with different angles, demand on different light distribution picture feature can be realized, thereby meeting the demand of different situations, the utility model adopts special used constant driving current to uniformly drive three LED cascade, which avoids the influence from uncertain conducting decompression, and fully realizes the basic need of flow equalizing, equal brightness and low pressure safe performance.


Web services' QoS evaluation involves high degree of uncertainty due to the unpredictable nature of network. Existing models are not realistic because they apply crisp computation. Hence, a model using Interval Fuzzy Type-2 (IT2) method was proposed in our previous work. IT2 method was selected because it has better ability than Fuzzy Type-1 and crisp methods in handling uncertainties. However, the introduction of an extra component and a degree of freedom has made IT2 method computationally expensive. Therefore, it is proposed that the IT2-based web services' evaluation model to be implemented on high performance computing (HPC) platform. This paper reviews previous research that are related to HPC-based IT2 implementation as well as discusses the implications of the work.


RS and Chi-square analyses are powerful steganalytic techniques for detecting the presence of secret information embedded in the least-significant-bit(LSB) plane of digital images. This paper describes an improved LSB steganographic scheme that can effectively resist both RS and Chi-square analyses without sacrificing perceptual quality of the cover image. In the described steganographic technique, a pair of mutually complementary mappings, F1 and F-1, is used, leading to a balanced behavior of several statistical parameters explored by the two steganalytic approaches, therefore improved security. In other words, not only can the flipping between 2i and 2i + 1 be used, but also changes from 2i to 2i-1 or from 2i-1 to 2i are allowable. Although modification to the host pixels may affect the higher bit planes, the induced distortion to the host image is not increased compared to the simple LSB replacement technique. Extraction of the embedded information can still be accomplished by extracting the LSB plane as in the straight LSB method. The proposed method has low computation complexity and is easy to implement. Analysis of the effectiveness and experimental results are presented.


The conjecture on acyclic 5‐choosability of planar graphs [Borodin et al., 2002] as yet has been verified only for several restricted classes of graphs. None of these classes allows 4‐cycles. We prove that a planar graph is acyclically 5‐choosable if it does not contain an i‐cycle adjacent to a j‐cycle where 3⩽j⩽5 if i = 3 and 4⩽j⩽6 if i = 4. This result absorbs most of the previous work in this direction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 68:169‐176, 2011


ABSTRACT In accordance with the operational characteristics of semiconductor wafer fabrication (FAB), multiple-dynamic-scheduling-rule (MDSR) selection mechanisms must be developed for dynamic scheduling in FAB. The main disadvantage of the classic MDSR selection approach is that it does not immediately reflect changes in production requirements in a dynamic FAB environment. A dynamic scheduling knowledge base (KB) is generally not static; therefore, if a major change occurs in the production system, a mechanism for modifying the KB must be established. Accordingly, we develop a dynamic scheduling scheme that uses a Q-learning-based MDSR selection mechanism to support shop floor control in FAB. This selection mechanism involves two phases: initial generation of an MDSR KB and revision of the MDSR KB. On the basis of various performance criteria, the proposed scheme exhibited superior system performance to a classic MDSR selection approach and an approach that applies fixed scheduling decisions.


The invention provides a method and device for searching a server side for music and a method and device for searching a terminal device for music. The method for searching the server side for music includes the steps of receiving a music searching request containing searching information from the terminal device, finding out music most relevant to the searching information in a music bank according to the received searching information, finding out meta-information of a set of pieces of music which is most relevant to the searching information and has the same melody in the music bank on the basis of the audio features of music which is found to be most relevant to the searching information, and sending the meta-information of the set of pieces of searched music which is most relevant to the searching information and has the same melody to the terminal device, wherein the meta-information of the music includes music information corresponding to all the pieces of music. According to the method and device, different pieces of music with the same melody can be obtained, and the various versions of the same music in different ages can also be obtained.


Perfectionism is a multi-dimensional trait which is effective on sports success. Although this factor is correlated with experiencing different emotions, its correlation with emotion regulation strategies is not considered. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the the relationship between dimension of perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies in elite Taekwondo athletes. Present study research method was descriptive-correlational, Statistic population was included all of from Iranian Taekwondo athletes participating in super League competition. Samples were and 132 female and male selected based on random sampling, and completed the Scals of of perfectionism and emotion regulation. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression (inward method) tests. The results revealed that positive perfectionism was positively associated with reappraisal strategies, and negatively correlated with negative suppression strategies. Negative perfectionism had the negative correlation with these strategies. Regression analysis showed that positive and negative perfectionism dimensions predict 33 and 41 percent of reappraisal and Suppression strategies variance respectively. According to the findings, we can conclude that dimensions of perfectionism have an important role in selecting emotion regulation strategies and the kind of strategies which every person uses is correlated with these dimensions.


Background and Aim:  Locally acquired hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been described in a number of developed countries and is thought to be zoonotic from pigs. Little is known about hepatitis E in humans in New Zealand (NZ) but 90% of NZ pigs show evidence of HEV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis E infection in NZ by documenting HEV immunoglobulin (Ig) G seroprevalence in NZ blood donors, testing patients with unexplained hepatitis for HEV, and comparing genetic sequences of human HEV with local porcine isolates.


We demonstrate a Bayesian optimization framework for quantum cascade (QC) devices in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) and terahertz (THz) regime. The optimization algorithm is based on Gaussian process regression (GPR) and the devices are evaluated using a perturbed rate equation approach based on scattering rates calculated self-consistently by Fermi's golden rule or alternatively extracted from an Ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) simulation tool. Here, we focus on the optimization of a mid-IR quantum cascade detector (QCD) at a wavelength of $4.7\mu \mathrm{m}$ with respect to the specific detectivity as a measure for the signal to noise ratio. At a temperature of 220 K we obtain an improvement in specific detectivity by a factor $\sim 2.6$ to a value of $2.6\times 10^{8}$ Jones.


A healthy and vigorous program for innovation is fundamental to provide for the nation's statistical needs. Innovation in federal statistics is a broad-spectrum subject and ranges from the traditional subjects to those less usually considered, such as new approaches to bridging the interface between users and statisticians. Innovation in the federal statistical system is influenced by three forces: the need for more focused and higher-quality innovation, the gap between emerging data visualization and communications technologies, and the maturation of the information technology discipline. This article suggests that there are structural changes that should be made to the current federal statistical system to ensure that innovation is fostered. In particular, a new focus on systemwide research and informatics is needed—a Center for Innovation.


Objective To study the minimum number of lymph nodes required to be determined in the case of colorectal carcinoma being resected. Methods Data of 1?076 radically resected specimens were collected to analyse the correlation between the number of examined lymph nodes and the metastatic rate and cumulative percent of lymph node metastasis. Results The metastatic rate increased with the number of examined lymph nodes, but the lymph node metastasis rate did not increase again when the examined lymph nodes ≥16. Conclusions At least 16 lymph nodes must be examined to determine whether the patients with coloracted carcinoma have lymph node lymph metastasis or not.


: Linear cases of Bragg-Hawthorne equation for steady axisymmetric incompressible ideal flows are systematically discussed. The equation is converted to a more convenient form in spherical coordinate system. A new vorticity decomposition is derived. General solutions for 12 out of 16 cases of linear equation are obtained. These solutions can be specified to gain new vortex flows, as examples demonstrate. A lot of well-known solutions like potential flow past a sphere, Hill's vortex with and without swirl, are included in these solutions as specific cases. Special relations between some solutions are also explored. Abstract: Linear cases of Bragg-Hawthorne equation for steady axisymmetric incompressible ideal flows are systematically discussed. The equation is converted to a more convenient form in spherical coordinate system. A new vorticity decomposition is derived. General solutions for 12 out of 16 cases of linear equation are obtained. These solutions can be specified to gain new vortex flows, as examples demonstrate. A lot of well-known solutions like potential flow past a sphere, Hill's vortex with and without swirl, are included in these solutions as specific cases. Special relations between some solutions are also explored.


Ladakh is an isolated arid environment in the Western Himalayas whose population relies mainly on glacial melt water. If the predicted adverse impacts of climate change occur, rising temperatures would accelerate the retreat of glaciers and place immense stress on the traditional Ladakhi agriculture and way of life. Very few studies in hydrology and glaciology currently document physical processes happening in Ladakh and only one project has combined climate data based upon measurements of temperature and precipitation, collected by the Indian Air Force in Leh town, and perceptions of local communities in order to explore the potential impacts of climate change in the area. This information constitutes the basis for climate change-related interventions of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), both local and international, and could help inform any future climate modeling. However, the quality of this data can be questioned on several points, it terms of accuracy, availability and, most importantly, usefulness. Moreover, this chapter discusses the relevance of this kind of data when the focus is placed upon the adaptation of local communities to global environmental changes where climate change may not be the primary cause. For instance, the region is also currently undergoing a rapid transition from subsistence farming to a market-based economy due to the integration of Ladakh into India and the growing influx of tourism. When addressing the broader context of environmental change, reliable, accurate, and available climate data and models could be useful only if used as part of a holistic approach. This approach requires research and interventions to combine scientific information with local knowledge and perceptions about the impacts of climate change to root the physical data in a "real world" context. It must also acknowledge other drivers of environmental changes such as unsustainable development.