Based on a 'Model for Preparing Case Studies of Environmental Technology Transfer', three case studies are developed to contribute insights on the development and commercialisation of environmental technology. Two cases address soil and groundwater contamination: Dynamic Underground Stripping (DUS) developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Gravity Pressure Vessel (GPV) by GeneSyst International. The third case: Biodiesel Fuel (BIO), produced by Biodiesel Industries and Pacific Biodiesel, is a diesel fuel substitute. A synthesis across the research model above is provided, along with critical success factors for these examples of environmental technology commercialisation.


We report on direct observations of the Ga surface coverages on both wurtzite (0001) and (000-1) GaN surface polarities during pure Ga adsorption and plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). With the use of the novel line-of-sight quadrupole mass spectrometry technique the Ga coverages could be accurately quantified by monitoring the adsorbed Ga atoms at their subsequent desorption process. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the GaN surface was found to be terminated by an equilibrium Ga adlayer that differs substantially between the two surface polarities, being 1.1 monolayers (ML) on (000-1) GaN and 2.5 ML on (0001) GaN. In the case of (0001) GaN, the Ga adlayer increases continuously from 0 to 2.5 ML when the growth conditions are varied from N-rich to moderate Ga-rich conditions. For very Ga-rich conditions the regime of equilibrium Ga adlayer coverages changes abruptly to a regime where gradual surface accumulation of Ga droplets is favored. Further temperature-dependent measurements of the Ga desorption are used to derive typical Ga adatom lifetimes that yield a fundamental understanding of the adsorbate–substrate binding energetics for the Ga adlayer and for the Ga droplets. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


After discussing the therapy of curing cough by treating Shaoyang with the theories in the Treatise on Exogenous Febrile,we analyze the pathogenetic features of Shaoyang are Dysfunction the Pivot,tend to transform to fire evil and affect the metabolism of body fluid. Based on the pathogenitic analysis of Sini pweder,we think the treatment should be at Shaoyang.To cure cough at Shaoyang where its fire being inhibited,Minor Radix Butlery Decoction can be used if the cough caused by external Pathogenesis or Sini Powder can be used if the cough caused by internal pathogenesis.


It is safer to use a hot_air furnace in heating and ventilating in coal mines than to use a boiler and operation is easier.By this way,it cannot only reduce the workers load of labor,but also provide with continuous hot air.Meanwhile,it can save a large amount of energy and money.The essay which based on the technological analysis and applied experiences in Jidong Coal Mine of Heilongjiang Province in recent years prove to the economy and feasibility of using hot_air furnaces.


The objective of study relates to steel structures which are mostly using bolted end plate connections as pinned or rigid connections joints between structural members. With these form of connections the beam tension force is transferred, through the bolts, to the column. The prospective complexity is that the column may be not strong to develop the required force for satisfying strength and stability checks. A new mean of providing local column reinforcement, using a system of threaded bars, were analysed. A finite element analysis of eight t-stub connection were undertaken in order to check the behaviour of connections reinforced in that manner. A finite element code ABAQUS was used to develop the various connections models. A finite element representing un-reinforced end plate connection was validated against an experimental test data by comparing force-displacement curves of both finite element model and test data. Adjustments were done on the finite element model to reflect test experimental data curve. To the un-reinforced finite element model, different non welded stiffeners such as backing plate, channel reinforcement to threaded bars etc. were added to improve connection strength. Connection strength improvements in order of 231% were observed when the model threaded bars compared to the un-reinforced model and 251% when using threaded bars with channels.


Based on the data of 2250 questionnaires from 6 universities in Hubei Province, the problem was analyzed by using the unordered multi-class Logit model. Research shows that college students satisfaction with physical education is negatively related to their familiarity with teachers, urban students are less satisfied with the sports teaching than those from rural areas, a more science-based physical education curriculum and sense of responsibility from physical education teachers have a significant positive impact on student satisfaction. Currently, college and university administrations have not paid enough attention to the teaching of physical education. In order to improve the health of Chinese citizens, we should attach great importance to the impact of college physical education. To do this, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of college physical education; and improve the design of the content and structure system of university physical education curriculum. Keywords—physical education in colleges and universities; satisfaction; influencing factors


High-performance In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors using a thin lattice-mismatched Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As surface layer to enhance the Schottky-barrier height have been fabricated and characterized with 1.3- mu m laser sources. The dark leakage currents were reduced by a factor of five times with Al/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As, when compared with GaAs or lattice-matched In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As. The extrinsic quantum efficiency of a detector with a 1.0- mu m absorption region was measured to be 40%. Photocurrent measurement under various illumination powers showed a linear responsivity of 0.4 A/W, and no low-frequency gain was observed. Impulse measurements showed an FWHM (full width at half maximum) of about 60 ps with no appreciable diffusion tails. >


The invention relates to a method for quantifying a composition of a volume element as well as a magnetic resonance apparatus and computer program product for carrying out the method. The method for quantifying a composition of a volume element of an object to be examined based on magnetic resonance signals generated by interaction of electromagnetic waves with at least one component of the volume element, comprising the following steps: There are provided a plurality of waveforms that include an evaluation waveform of the magnetic resonance signals and at least one database waveform. On the basis of the waveforms of at least one component of the volume element weighting factors are determined for the. Each waveform comprises a plurality of respectively corresponding evaluation points, each associated with a signal value.


Image texture and color features were used to represent the mechanical properties of expanded food products. Texture-related mechanical properties were measured through Instron shear and compression tests. the image features extracted were found highly correlated with the mechanical properties. the analysis showed useful relationships between geometric properties and mechanical behavior. Image processing proved to be an effective technique for textural analysis of expanded food products.


Concurrent product development helps to shorten deve lo pment time. The paper introduces the implementation of concurrent product develo pment and a method of process modeling with design structure matrix(DSM). The DS M describes the product design structure clearly and groups the development acti vities in light of information dependence, which forms the efficient work team. The paper proves that the method supports concurrent engineering and speeds prod uct development.


Mangrove is the most productive ecosystem in marine environment, as it provides a unique habitat opportunity for many marine species and key goods and services for human beings. In Indonesia, mangroves are still considered as underexploited marine resources, and functional materials from Indonesian mangroves are not characterized yet. In this study, two mangroves Sonneratia alba and Rhizhophora mucronata from Kendari, were hydrolyzed using the subcritical water extraction (SCWE) system. Three different temperature conditions (150–230 °C with 40 °C increments) were applied to obtain the best functional materials. Mangroves hydrolysate was further analyzed for total sugar, protein, phenol content. The antioxidant capacity and functional material contents varied significantly based on the sample materials and extraction conditions, with R. mucronata hydrolyzed at temperature 230 °C showing the highest antioxidant activity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses revealed high contain of phenolic acids in all mangroves hydrolisates especially R. mucronata fruit (RMF). Collectively, this study shows the potential of mangroves resources in Indonesia in Indonesia for different applications (food, cosmetics and pharmacy) using environmental friendly technology.


Per the request of the author and advisor, and with the approval of the Graduate Education office, an errata was added just after the title page.


Artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the single yarn tenacity of ring- and rotor- spun yarns form the cotton fibre properties, measured by high volume instrument, have been presented. Seven cotton fibre properties and yarn fineness have been used as the inputs to the neural network. Different network structures have been used to optimize the prediction performance. The relative irnportance of all the cotton fibre properties has also been quantified. The ANN rnodels could predict the single yarn tenacity with less than 57o and 2Vo n)ean error in case of ring- and rotor- spun yarns respectively. Yarn fineness, fibre bundle tenacity, elongation and length uniformity are the dominant input parameters which influence the single yarn tenacity of spun yarns.


Julian Nida-Rümelin's philosophical approach to rationality is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions exist which are carried out in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions that are oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational just because no underlying maximizing heuristics are found. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still situated within the realm of cost-benefit reasoning. The idea of social preferences (e.g. Rabin, Fehr and Schmidt) or meta-preferences (Sen) is insufficient to reflect the plurality of human actions. According to Nida-Rümelin, those concepts ignore the plurality of reasons which drive agency. Hence, they try to fit agency into a theory which undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges daily patterns of interaction and meaning. In philosophy, questions about rationality and its normative character can be situated within two theoretical debates which have largely evolved separately from each other. First, rationality is a central topic in the philosophy of action. Prominent authors such as Thomas Scanlon, Christine Korsgaard, Michael Bratman or Joseph Raz have debated why we should be rational, how rationality constrains our beliefs, intentions and attitudes, or whether we have any reason to be rational at all. Second, rationality is a central concept in the discussion of so-called rational choice theory (RCT) in economics and classic game theory. A central question, which most authors in these areas answer affirmatively, is whether rationality is purely instrumental or whether there are forms of rationality which cannot be explained by this standard model. According to the standard model, rationality is nothing more than a tool to find the best means to one's end(s). This text serves two purposes. First, we present Julian Nida-Rümelin's work on the concept of "structural rationality", which expands the instrumental model without denying its importance. Thus, he also criticizes theories of reason which neglect or ignore the importance of instrumentality in various aspects. We argue that his model of rationality is philosophically superior to ProtoSociology – Essays on Philosophy 2 © ProtoSociology www.protosociology.de/on-philosophy both the dominant traditions in contemporary theories of action and rational choice. Julian Nida-Rümelin's approach explains phenomena like rules-commitment strategies, cooperation and collective action using the formal framework of rational choice (which is difficult for many approaches). His approach is the only theory that takes into account what advocates of rational choice theories as well as the theorists in philosophy of action have to say, and which brings these two – hitherto separate – discussions together. We support our hypothesis, by, second, comparing Nida-Rümelin's account of structural rationality with the most prominent approaches to (structural) rationality in Anglo-Saxon philosophy and rational choice theory. We will show that most theorists have a more limited and simpler view than Nida-Rümelin's, because they often only focus on short-term, instrumental and individualist forms of rationality. They thus disregard two important considerations. First, they fail to see that the critical arguments that are brought forward against rational choice theory also apply to their theories. Second, they are unable to explain various and diverse forms of action and decision-making: cooperation, collective action, actions and practices that have intrinsic value (friendship, enjoying arts, sports), long-term decisions etc. We will point out that Michael Bratman's account of rationality and, to some extent, Joseph Raz's are the only approaches that are able to address some of these problems, even though they overemphasize the individualist perspective. These are the reasons why we believe that it is highly worthwhile to engage more with Nida-Rümelin's account, which is inspired by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Immanuel Kant and Aristotle. In what follows, we give an overview of Nida-Rümelin's account by showing how it differs from the term "Structural Rationality" as it is used in AngloSaxon philosophy of action and the concept of rational choice in economic theory. We highlight how Nida-Rümelin's theory of structural rationality transcends these limitations of these two approaches and also bridges the gap between them. In philosophy of action, the expression "structural rationality" is commonly ascribed to Thomas Scanlon (2007). Nida-Rümelin had already used the term earlier, in his works on rationality written in German (most notably in NidaRümelin 2001). It is also important to highlight that the Scanlonian use of the term diverges strikingly from Nida-Rümelin's, since the phenomenon it describes differs in scope and meaning. It should rather be called, as Scanlon does, the phenomenon of "structural irrationality" (Scanlon 2007, p. 84). Scanlon and other philosophical theorists of action – for instance Bratman or Broome – examine it as the problem that some people fail to have their attitudes com3 ProtoSociology – Essays on Philosophy © ProtoSociology www.protosociology.de/on-philosophy bined coherently, and thus structures, in a rational way. Thus, irrationality is not only located within one or several particular attitudes, but also in their combination or rather arrangement as such. These authors thus claim that it is irrational to combine certain attitudes. Let us take the following example to illustrate this (Langlois 2014): You intend to spend the weekend with your family while simultaneously intending to complete your new manuscript by Sunday. You also believe that both of these goals are achievable. Intuitively, a person truly intending both things at the same time makes a mistake of rationality, which cannot be attributed to the content of these intentions. Hence, the structure of the set of attitudes is irrational. This explanation of irrationality is to be understood formally. Conversely, the authors that espouse this theory hold, there must be structural requirements of rationality that create a normative demand on how people are supposed to combine their attitudes. Several questions arise from this conceptualization and the theory of rationality that lies beneath it. Most fundamentally, there is the issue how standards of rationality have normative power over us. Does the tenet that a certain combination of attitudes is irrational have normative traction? If so, how does it have to be characterized? What are the requirements for structural rationality of this kind? Obviously, they are located in conditions of coherence and consistency (Langlois 2014). Hence, one of the most fundamental questions regarding the conceptualization of structural (ir)rationality pertains to the rules that determine in which way attitudes of an agent should be combined and arranged. For Scanlon and his followers, rationality is of instrumental character in the way David Hume described it, i.e. it pertains to the relationship between the means and ends for an action. Take again the example we just described: the protagonist has two goals (writing an essay and spending time with her family). Neither of them is irrational per se, since either can be achievable within the means of the author. Also they are not in principle incompatible or contradictory in relation to each other. Yet, there is something problematic in holding them both at the same time, because they seem to be in tension with each other. It is, at the very least, very difficult to reach both of these goals simultaneously in the manner planned, if we confine the idea of rationality to an instrumental, subjectivist one as Scanlon et al. do. We cannot criticize the goals or the reasons behind them as irrational, since rationality is a matter of picking suitable means for one's particular goal, e.g. finding time and space to write the paper if you want to write a paper or finding the right means of transport of reaching one's family. Viewing attitudes in this isolated and individualist way thus gives us no ground to criticize either the goals behind them or the way that they relate to each other, because this would transcend the standard instrumental, indiProtoSociology – Essays on Philosophy 4 © ProtoSociology www.protosociology.de/on-philosophy vidualist model of rationality. What remains is to look at the ways that agents combine their attitudes, intentions and reasons. This, however, begs several questions, e.g. what kind of requirements regulate the combinations or where the normative traction of these requirements comes from. Nida-Rümelin avoids these difficulties, since he neither assumes that rationality is purely and only instrumental nor that intentions and reasons or rather goals are merely subjective. For Nida-Rümelin, the structures that people adopt can be objective, and the sources of reason are plural, and also dependent on the Lebensform that people are embedded in. In our orientation to adopt and follow structures, we agents do more than simply look for the best means based on reasons and intentions that relate to mere subjective and current goals. To illustrate this, consider the following example: Imagine a father watching his son falling and hurting himself. The father hurries to his son's side and immediately consoles him. What is his reason for acting in this case? What is his goal? The father acts because he is a father. He is doing this because consoling is part of a father-son-relationship: it is an essential part of such a relationship to help and be empathic. He does not need to have a specific, subjective reas


Natural fodder lands are a fodder base for livestock production in Bryansk region. The lands cover the area of 5500 km2, its greater part was contaminated with long-lived artificial radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident. Therefore, there was a risk of contamination of the forage for dairy livestock with Cs-137 and its content in the grass would exceed the acceptable limit. Long after the Chernobyl accident the measures to remediate contaminated floodplains in Iput River in Novozybkovsky district of the Bryansk region for further use in feed production were examined. It was found that if Cs-137 contamination density exceeded 555 kBq/m2 the radionuclide content in the mass of air-dry wild grasses would be ≥5.5 times higher than the acceptable limit depending on a harvesting period. Due to the use of agrotechnical and organizational measures to improve the quality of radiation contaminated flood meadows the Cs-137 specific activity in air-dry cultivated grasses reduced by 10% as compared with the radionuclide activity in natural/wild grasses. The use of agrochemical measures for remediation of radiation contaminated flood meadows allowed to obtain air-dry masses of wild and cultivated grasses with the acceptable limit of Cs-137 radioactivity in fodders. The maximum effect was obtained when applying mineral fertilizers with a ratio of nitrogen to potassium as 1:2. Due to the use of correlation analysis it became made evident that the presence of nitrogen fertilizer increased Cs-137 specific activity in the fodder and there was the correlation between calendar years of the study and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers in soil. The correlation between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil and the specific activity of Cs-137 in the air-dry mass of natural and cultivated grasses during the years of 2003-2008 was strong and ranged from 0.76 to 0.85. In the study periods from 2009 to 2014, the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the radionuclide specific activity in feed decreased regardless of the harvest period of natural and cultivated grasses. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.38 to 0.58, the correlation strength was average. With the use of correlation analysis nitrogen fertilizers were found to increase the specific activity of Cs-137 in airdry grass mass, the correlation strength depends on calendar years of the study, it may be strong and average. Adding potassium fertilizer into soil negate the negative effect of nitrogen fertilizers. The use of radioactive floodplains as hay fields without the use of agrochemical measures is unacceptable. According to made calculations, the use of coarse fodder grown on radiation contaminated lands leads to milk contaminated with Cs-137 content that exceeds the limit established by standard.


The article deals with the development and research of thyristor voltage regulator (TVR) dual-zone control algorithm in the electrical distribution networks 6-20 kV. The TVR control system hardware and software complex based on the algorithm was developed using LabVIEW and NI myRIO controllers. The transverse, longitudinal and longitudinal-transversal voltage regulation modes experimental research was conducted by the TVR prototype. The experimental research results confirmed the developed algorithm and its program realization effectiveness and efficiency.


I was interested to read the news item (April 10) about pay settlements which referred to negotiations at Heatherwood and Wexham Park Hospitals Trust.


Uncovering the dynamics of community structures in complex networks helps us to explore how such community structures change over time. But, understanding these structures is very challenging, especifically in dynamic complex networks where network structure changes frequently and interaction between the individuals changes over time. Recently, many dynamic community detection algorithms have been introduced to capture the dynamics of network community structures. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the dynamic community detection algorithms in terms of computation time and accuracy. To provide detailed and extensive analysis, we tested dynamic algorithms on small, medium and large real-world network dataset. Based on the analysis results and network properties, we provide some guidelines that may help to choose the best dynamic community detection algorithms for the given dynamic complex networks.


Plasma and magnetic field observations from the Voyager 2 spacecraft when it was outbound from Neptune reveal low-frequency waves in the solar wind which are clearly associated with the planet. The waves have frequencies below the proton cyclotron frequency f{sub cp}, which is about 10{sup {minus}3} Hz during the periods waves are observed. The waves are present when the interplanetary magnetic field is oriented such that the spacecraft is connected to the bow shock by the magnetic field lines. The authors have identified the waves to be Alfvenic waves propagating at {approximately}140 {degree} to the ambient magnetic field and away from the bow shock. As at the other planets, these downstream waves are thought to be generated in the upstream region, where energetic protons created near the nose of the bow shock excite waves as they stream along solar wind magnetic field lines.


According to your election survey (Features April 23), 12 per cent of qualified nurses intended to vote Conservative. Certainly, they are at liberty to do so, but are we to believe that 1 in 8 intended to vote for a party that gave us the obscene haggling of the internal market, divisive local pay and the spectre of nurse redundancies? What can their motives be?


Publication Classification (76) Inventor: Benjamin John Corrie, London (GB) (51) Int. Cl. G06F 9/44 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 717/166 IBM CORPORATION 3O39 CORNWALLIS RD. DEPT. T81 / B503, PO BOX 12195 (57) ABSTRACT REASEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC 27709 (US) A system 300 and method for fast matching of JAVA classpaths in a shared classes JVM system by identifying classpaths of loaded classes and storing a local array (110, (21) Appl. No.: 11/557,990 210) of identified classpaths in order to avoid checking on a subsequent class load for a particular JVM. This allows dramatic speeding up of class-loading in cases where mul (22) Filed: Nov. 9, 2006 tiple JVMs are running similar applications.


Using published records and original data, a checklist was compiled of the water mite (Acari, Hydrachnidia) fauna of Korea. The total number of species and subspecies recorded from Korea up to date is 74 species, in  32 genera and 13 families. One new subgenus, Orientmomonia , and two new species are described: Albia ( Albiella ) kseniae and Momonia ( Orientmomonia ) koreana ; the first description of the male is given for Atractides gracilis (Sokolow, 1934). Woolastookia concava Kim & Chung, 1996 is synonymized with W. elongata (Sokolow, 1934). Additionally, first records for Korea are given for Panisopsis orientalis Imamura & Mitchell, 1967, Hydrodroma torrenticola (Walter, 1908), Hygrobates (Hygrobates) longiporus Thor, 1898, and Arrenurus ( Truncaturus ) sp. near corsicus (E. Angelier, 1951).


The present paper considers the transmission of sound from a source distribution inside a jet to a receiver or observer outside; the source can be represented by a combination of multipoles moving relative to the jet. The shear layer has a random shape with a plane mean position, and entrains a region of turbulence. The transmission across the plane shear layer involves: (i) scattering by the convected, irregular and unsteady interface across which occurs the transition from the jet to the ambient medium; (ii) refraction in the region of low Mach number turbulence entrained by the shear layer. If the jet Mach number does not exceed two the local turbulence can be taken as incompressible. The transmission involves: (i) a deterministic amplitude factor due to the difference in sound speed, mass density and velocity between the jet and ambient medium; (ii) a random phase shift due to the scattering of sound by the irregular interface and the convection of sound by the turbulence entrained with the shear layer. Since there is a random phase shift for the acoustic pressure, the acoustic power, which is quadratic in the acoustic pressure, involves the statistics of interference between two waves. The latter specify the spectral directivity, defined as the acoustic power radiated per unit solid angle and unit frequency band, i.e. either the spectrum received in each direction or the directivity of sound received outside the jet at each frequency. The statistics of sound scattering by irregular interfaces and convection by turbulence are subject to assumptions and constraints which affect critically the directivity and spectra. The evaluation of radiation integrals without low- or high-frequency approximations is also essential to reproduce experimental results on the noise of cold or hot jets. An accuracy of 3 dB can be expected for directivities and 6 dB for spectra, for directions not too far away from the vertical, (i.e perpendicular to the jet).


Tea plants in Indonesia are derived from Carmelia sinensis var. assamica which contain catechin in quite high amount compared with other countries tea plant. Green tea is made by inactivating the oxidase / phenolase enzyme that presents in the fresh tea leaf buds from tea garden, by using hot steam to prevent the oxidation of the catechins. Drying process to reduce the moisture of tea, one of the method is by utilizing the dry air from dehumidification process. Liquid desiccant made from 50% concentration of CaCl 2 , the temperature is lowered to 10 °C and sprayed into the air stream which contains water vapor by using a 0.2 mm spraying nozzle so that mass transfer and latent heat occur in the dehumidifier. The result of air dehumidification process used for drying tea leaves. The air is able to dry the tea leaves from the weight of 58 grams to 47 grams. Then the liquid desiccant dehumidification process will be streamed into the humidifier, where the liquid desiccant regeneration process will have change into the initial concentration. The result of air humidification process has an average absolute humidity rise of 0.07 g/kg. The liquid desiccant regeneration process that happened continuously reaching the saturation point at 280 minutes. It can be concluded that the process of dehumidification-humidification is a fairly effective method for drying the tea leaves.


The intensity and angular distribution of photoelectrons are calculated accurately for hydrogen molecules. The Hagstrom-Shull--type wave function is used for the initial state (i.e., the ground state of H/sub 2/) and the final continuum wave function for e+H/sub 2/ /sup +/ is obtained variationally. The two-center nature and the vibrational-rotational motion of the molecule are properly taken into account. The cross section and asymmetry parameter are calculated for each vibrational state of the residual ion. The result is in very good agreement with the recent measurement at 584 A. The vibrationally unresolved cross section and asymmetry parameter are evaluated and compared with experiment at 736, 650, and 584 A. Finally, a rather extensive study is made to clarify the effect of the accuracy of the initial- and final-state wave functions on the cross section.


A six‐year follow‐up of a year's intake of 94 new patients with ventricular septal defects was undertaken. They were initially divided into five groups on the basis of their hæmodynamic disturbance at presentation.


In the other one paper,a new non- classical logic,called Lawry logic of Vague propositions with same subject on same label w as presented based on Law ry 's uncertainty model. In the paper,its researchful object is extended. The concept of truth degree of Law ry product-adition( infimum-supremum) of vague propositions on same label,is introduced using product and addition( infimum and supremum),operators. Further,their logical law s are given. Consequently, non-classical logics,called Law ry Product-Addition( Law ry Infimum-Supremum) logic of vague propositions on same label,is presented. These tw o logics are novel,and comparing Law ry's uncertainty model,their applied scopes are w ide.


Electron beam lithography (EBL) is mainly employed for mask production and not for the final product manufacturing. The reason is EBL takes longer drawing time and eventually results in high cost. Micro/Nano embossing or Nano imprinting then has been introduced as one of the most powerful technique to reduce the manufacturing cost. Other problems of EBL are for its low aspect ratio and restriction of available materials. The structures of aspect ratio of more than 2 with various materials are expected in MEMS or NEMS applications. In this paper, a high aspect ratio replication technology has been developed with a combination of the EBL, Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE), Nickel Electroforming and hot embossing. The minimum line width of the resist patterns and the etched patterns onto silicon wafer was 0.2um. Aspect ratio of etched patterns was more than 4 at the line width of 1.0um. The minimum line width and the maximum height of a Nickel mold were 0.2 and 2.5um at the line width of 1.0um. Micro/Nano embossing of Polycarbonate (PC) was tried with the Nickel mold. The patterns were transferred the line width of 0.5um and holes of 0.5um in radius to PC.


Many quality problems were found at PCB hole orifice.This paper discussed the mechanism of some quality problems.It also gave the ways to solve these problems.


Biodegradable foam packaging were made from tapioca, corn hominy, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP), and plasticizer ethylene glicol (EG). Packaging materials were processed by thermopressing. The aim of research was to find out the effects of ZnONP and EG addition. The research design was a completely randomized factorial followed by Duncan test at α=5%. Two factors used in the research, namely ZnONP concentrationsat 0, 1, and 2 % and EG concentrations at 0 and 5%. The effects of ZnONP incorporation on physical properties and antimicrobial activity of the trays were evaluated by analysis on their color parameters, moisture content, water absorption, density, crystallinity, morphological structure, thermal and antimicrobial activity. The best treatment was Z2P0 with 2% ZnONP and 0% EG, characteristics of biodegradable was L value 78.42, °hue value 91.88, moisture content 7.65%, water absorption 59.65%, density 0.64g/cm³, crystallinity 38.3%, Tm 160.24°C, and reduced 1 log of Staphylococcus aureus colonies. The research proved that the obtained biodegradable foam made from tapioca, corn hominy, ZnONP, and plasticizer EG has a potential to be used as antimicrobial packaging for food products.


Abstract: Men, Masculinities and Professional Hierarchies
Research on gender equality in academia only addresses men's experiences to a limited extent, and the significance of masculine norms is also poorly elucidated. In this chapter, we present our results on the effects of male dominance in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Oslo. We first discuss whether it is an advantage to be a man at the faculty. The simple answer, based on our data, is "yes". However, although we could not identify a specific "male" pattern of problems, a significant proportion of men experience problems – some feel "as affected as women" and oppose specific measures for women. There are also indications of informal communities of men, a poorly-considered majority position, the notion that an academic career is incompatible with family and caregiving – not just for women, but for men too – and tendencies toward an unyielding connection between men, masculinity and professional hierarchies.


An 85-year-old woman was transferred from her local hospital for cardiac evaluation after presenting with repeated episodes of syncope during bowel movements. A thorough evaluation revealed no cardiac abnormalities but did reveal a Morgagni hernia with transverse colon in the mediastinum. She underwent laparoscopic reduction of the colon and repair of the hernia with mesh and had a rapid and uneventful recovery.


Coastal methane (CH4) emissions dominate the global ocean CH4 budget and can offset the "blue carbon" storage capacity of vegetated coastal ecosystems. However, current estimates lack systematic, high‐resolution, and long‐term data from these intrinsically heterogeneous environments, making coastal budgets sensitive to statistical assumptions and uncertainties. Using continuous CH4 concentrations, δ13C‐CH4 values, and CH4 sea–air fluxes across four seasons in three globally pervasive coastal habitats, we show that the CH4 distribution is spatially patchy over meter‐scales and highly variable in time. Areas with mixed vegetation, macroalgae, and their surrounding sediments exhibited a spatiotemporal variability of surface water CH4 concentrations ranging two orders of magnitude (i.e., 6–460 nM CH4) with habitat‐specific seasonal and diurnal patterns. We observed (1) δ13C‐CH4 signatures that revealed habitat‐specific CH4 production and consumption pathways, (2) daily peak concentration events that could change >100% within hours across all habitats, and (3) a high thermal sensitivity of the CH4 distribution signified by apparent activation energies of ~1 eV that drove seasonal changes. Bootstrapping simulations show that scaling the CH4 distribution from few samples involves large errors, and that ~50 concentration samples per day are needed to resolve the scale and drivers of the natural variability and improve the certainty of flux calculations by up to 70%. Finally, we identify northern temperate coastal habitats with mixed vegetation and macroalgae as understudied but seasonally relevant atmospheric CH4 sources (i.e., releasing ≥ 100 μmol CH4 m−2 day−1 in summer). Due to the large spatial and temporal heterogeneity of coastal environments, high‐resolution measurements will improve the reliability of CH4 estimates and confine the habitat‐specific contribution to regional and global CH4 budgets.


This report presents the results of a series of model simulations on the
waiting list for residential care of the mentally disabled in the
Netherlands. The model assesses the number of mentally disabled in the
Netherlands, the institutional and semi-institutional residential care
and the waiting lists for these types of care. Future developments in
the waiting list are explored by means of studying scenarios showing the
effects on the waiting list of alternative forms of ambulatory care, a
lower level of outflow from the waiting list, an improved waiting-list
registration and the increased survival of the mentally disabled
population in residential care. The period 1996-2010 shows a growth in
the number of mentally disabled in the Dutch population of 5.0% (from
104,400 to 109,700). In the subsequent years 2010-2020 the growth
gradually decreases. There are increasing numbers of ageing mentally
disabled persons: in the period 1996-2020, the number of mentally
disabled over 65 years of age shows more than a doubling. In the
reference scenario, based on developments in the 1996-1998 period, the
waiting list for residential care of the mentally disabled increases from
over 6,800 clients in 1996 to 8,200 in 2000. After this year the waiting
list decreases due to an assumed decreasing inflow into and a larger
outflow from the waiting list, partly because of a growing capacity of
the institutions. The scenario home-care describes the situation in
which after 2002 provision of suitable alternative ambulatory care
reduces the inflow into the waiting list by 38%. As a result, the
waiting list decreases rapidly to 3,000 in 2010 and less than 1,000 in
2020. The scenario less outflow takes a variant assumption on the
unspecified fraction of the outflow data in the waiting list
registration, resulting in a reduced outflow to other care than
institutional and semi-institutional residential care. In this scenario,
the waiting list increases to 10,900 in 2007, after which a decrease
follows to 9,600 in 2020. The scenario clean waiting list assumes, based
on actual data from a regional investigation, that the waiting list has a
20% over-registration. In this scenario the waiting list develops from
5,500 in 1996 to a maximum of 6,800 in 1999. After this year the waiting
list decreases to 4,600 in 2010 and 3,500 in 2020. Finally, in the
scenario improved survival the mortality rates of the mentally disabled
in the institutions in the period 2000-2020 are assumed to be reduced by
10%. As a result, the waiting list increases to 8,200 clients in 2000.
After this year the waiting list decreases to 4,900 clients in 2020. In
order to make more accurate projections of possible bottlenecks in
providing appropriate care for the mentally disabled, it is important to
update the estimate of the number of mentally handicapped in the
population and to improve the waiting-list registration and the quality
of semi-institutional registration. The developed model can be expanded
to study regional aspects of the waiting list problem, cost allocations,
and the effects of changing incidences of mental
handicap.


Ascertaining the medical status of soldiers deployed in the battlefield is essential for medical and strategic decision-making. The diagnostic and treatment methods used in the battlefield are currently suboptimal due to limited field resources and communication mechanisms. The system described herein is designed to remotely assess the medical status of deployed soldiers to augment resources of the medic, promoting more efficient and timely treatment of battlefield injuries. Key components of this combat casualty care system are an intelligent mobile agent information management network, a sensor capable of collecting pertinent physiological data, an assessment and alert algorithm, an ad hoc wireless routing system, and a user interface. The focus of this paper is on the development and preliminary evaluation of our medical model and assessment algorithms, which were implemented using hard-coded rules and a fuzzy logic approach. We discuss results of our initial simulations, the limitations of our medical model, and present a strategy for testing and improving different implementations of our model.


In this paper life-cycle assessment (LCA) is studied and a brief review and classification of databases and inventories is given. The factors affecting the dissimilar results in various databases are examined and discussed. The main obstacles to LCA and life-cycle energy studies, and their sources, are discussed, together with the role of data in inventory analysis. Embodied energy results are reviewed and compared, and the causes of dissimilarities and variations in these studies are presented. This paper focuses on methodologies developed and adopted for data processing, and inventory analysis for building materials. The data–LCA relationship is investigated, and the importance and role of data in LCA is reviewed. A case study of steel as a building material is introduced and a number of life cycle energy assessment studies are evaluated. The paper concludes by outlining a number of issues which need to be handled with care when performing a life-cycle study, and which warrant further qualitative and qu...


Using nature itself – on prehistoric caves – or as inspiration for their artificial constructions such as in one of the first known settlements: Çatal Huyuk in Anatolia, man always looked for underground shelter. The North of Portugal is characterized by a disperse territory occupancy, what is problematic due to infra-structures and transport environmental costs. This reality has diverse causes: accented topography, parcel split of soil due to multiple transmission of property, an intensive labour and delocalized small industry. The generalized access to individual transport in the last 30 years accentuated this phenomena, that is now irreversible, but economic paradigm is now changing drastically, with small industries closing and increasing unemployment, what is now impelling the return to individual means of subsistence, such as private poultry. But a lot of soil surface is now blocked for agriculture, due to the existence of small disperse buildings that pop up on territory, difficult accesses and limiting the insulation to potentially productive soils. This is especially critical on South oriented slopes. Increase density is now utopia for this region, so a strategy proposed for dealing with this reality can be to integrate new constructions on terrace slopes, leaving the housing upper and immediate vicinity soil more easily available for agriculture and reducing visual impact of buildings on landscape. Underground Contemporary Houses in the North of Portugal King saud university College of Architecture and Planning 650 1.Introduction Underground housing is usually associated with archaic, unhealthy, poor conditions. However, underground buildings have many qualities including low temperature oscillation, better acoustic performance and higher protection against intruders in comparison with conventional upper ground buildings. Global warming and violent social convulsions announce the forthcoming era where security and protection will become major concerns. In this paper different types of underground housing are presented and some contemporary examples in Portugal are analyzed. The use of underground housing dates back to the first human settlements. Villages began to develop during the Neolithic age, in Minor Asia, such as Çatal Hüyük in Turkey (6.700-5.700b.C.). This settlement consisted of houses joined together so that the roofs formed a continuous surface from which the interior could be accessed by stairs. Doors also served as windows for lighting and ventilation. In addition, some small high openings appeared in walls (clerestory), a solution that is repeated in temples of the middle Babylonic era (about 1.500b.C.) such as the Kurigalzu Palace (Peraza Sánchez, 2000). The Sumerian houses (2.870 to 2.370b.C.) consisted of rectangular compartments, positioned around a courtyard, with a hole in the ceiling from which light and air penetrate. The only connection to the street was a door. Nowadays, underground settlements are still characteristic of several regions in the world. The most abundant are located in China, in Hunan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Guansu provinces with approximately ten million people living in underground houses. Dwelling caves are found mainly in northern Shaanxi Province, in Yan'an and Yulin. They are built in the Loess mountain slopes. Cappadocia in Turkey is also known by its underground constructions which are still being built nowadays using the same constructive system as in the past. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a recently built hotel in Göreme, Nevşehir province in Central Anatolia. Other important examples of traditional dwelling caves can be found in Iran, Tunisia and Spain. 2.Geographical characterisation of Portugal Geographical physical characterisation is important to understand the possibility of using underground housing, especially regarding the climate and the soil properties. In terms of climate there are three regions: Atlantic Portugal (wet Iberia, at the Northwest), Portugal "transmontano" (dry Iberia, at the Northeast) and Mediterranean Portugal (arid Iberia, at the south of the Tagus) (Ribeiro et al., 1987). From the topographical point of view the Tagus River


The feasibility and influencing factors of the coherent combination of multi-wavelength and multi-channel fiber laser is studied by simulation and experiment. The experiment has obtained the effective coherent combination of multi-wavelength laser. The results have shown: The number of channels between multi -wavelength light beams has a great influence on the intensity distribution of coherent combination. With the increase of the number of channels, the coherent fringes become narrow and the energy concentration increases. Theoretical simulation and experimental results proved that the multi-wavelength laser can also effectively be coherent combined.


It is well known that Newton and quasi-Newton algorithms are effective to small and medium scale smooth problems because they take full use of corresponding gradient function's information but fail to solve nonsmooth problems. The perfect algorithm stems from concept of 'bundle' successfully addresses both smooth and nonsmooth complex problems, but it is regrettable that it is merely effective to small and medium optimization models since it needs to store and update relevant information of parameter's bundle. The conjugate gradient algorithm is effective both large-scale smooth and nonsmooth optimization model since its simplicity that utilizes objective function's information and the technique of Moreau-Yosida regularization. Thus, a modified three-term conjugate gradient algorithm was proposed, and it has a sufficiently descent property and a trust region character. At the same time, it possesses the global convergence under mild assumptions and numerical test proves it is efficient than similar optimization algorithms.


WHILE NEWER REFINEMENTS in patient monitoring and management have significantly reduced the mortality from acute myocardial infarction, the occurrence of shock still carries a grave prognosis. Once shock develops the survival of the patient is entirely dependent on the perception, attentiveness and judgment of his physician. Shock is characterized by a critical reduction in tissue perfusion. Inadequacy of blood flow impairs organ function and disrupts the integrity of normal metabolic pathways. If shock is not promptly corrected, the flow deficiency leads to organ damage, metabolic acidosis and a vicious circle resulting in progressive circulatory deterioration and death. The sooner the syndrome can be recognized the more likely is therapy to be effective. The need for prompt recognition of shock must not, however, be satisfied at the expense of "over-diagnosis." It is in this initial evaluation that the physician's perceptiveness is critical. He must be able to recognize the difference between the mildly hypotensive patient who is adequately perfusing his tissues (and needs no immediate treatment) and the patient who is in the incipient stages of shock and requires prompt therapy to restore peripheral blood flow. In considering the diagnosis of shock, attention should be given to the following signs: Skin temperature. Warm skin indicates adequate cutaneous blood flow and usually a fairly well maintained cardiac output. Cool, clammy skin indicates sympathoadrenal discharge, a sign of reflex vasoconstriction in response to a fall in cardiac output.


CARE FOR children at risk is failing because nurses are often kept in the dark about their backgrounds, according to a solicitor who investigated the death of a 13-year-old girl from a drug overdose.


Whilst investigating current teaching practice at Australian Universities in accounting accredited finance subjects, some innovations were discovered (Jacobsen, 2007). Teaching approach in accredited finance subjects usually involves two hours of lectures and an hour long tutorial, and an invigilated test and examination worth 85% of total marks. Descriptions of learning objectives and teaching and learning activities in finance subjects show a diversity of approaches to teaching and or conception of teaching. Three
innovations that indicate student-centric approaches cover lecture activities and assessment. These examples represent an important dissemination to accounting and finance educators. The course coordinator presents the context of each case.


Indian independence in 1947 came in the context of uneven capitalist development. The postcolonial state's nation-building agenda included social justice and socialism, and modernization following western models for triggering 'internal colonialisms', thus increasing erstwhile inequalities on different geographical scales. Marathwada subregion, which has a feudal background, was integrated into the Indian Republic in 1948. The movement Marathwada Janata Vikas Aandolan (MJVA), which emerged in the 1960s, comprised a series of campaigns and protests organized by propertied classes, trading classes and students. Exclusion from mainstream agendas of development in the context of aspirations for a democratic way of life and muted democratic institutions led these actors to challenge predominant definitions of development, democracy and nationalism. This article uses the MJVA example and moves beyond the framework of conflict and underscores complex articulations of global, national, regional and local to analyse collective action. It argues that the processes related to modernity, reflexivity and identity formation are combined to shape the movement against exclusion and marginalization.


Reggio education tried to find a balance point between "teacher center" and "children center" and formed a "community center" within children,teachers,parents and related staff.The enlightenment we get from the teacher's role in the Reggio Program is: the conversion of the teacher's role,the construction of teacher's occupation training system to strengthen the consciousness of the role;the building of "community of learners" of teachers to interpret teacher's multiple roles;the creation of a good environment,and the enhancement of the teacher's cooperation and reflection ability.


Thematic learning is an instructional method of teaching in which emphasis is given on choosing a specific theme for teaching curricular's concepts. The concept of integrating subjects to teach in Indonesian schools, generally is not new and has not been very successful in the past. In addition, some people consider thematic learning as an opportunity while others view it as having problems. The answer, however, to how thematic learning implementation has not been studied yet comprehensively. This research constructs thematic learning's lesson plan for guide students on achieving scientific literacy, using R&D approach 4D model that is: define, design, develop, and disseminate. To evaluate implementation of this result, we uses orservation implementation sheets and tests students scientific literacy. Furthermore, to elaborate the profil of students' scientific literacy, we analyses this profil based on learning motivation. and concept's mastering through correlational research. The output of this research is the syllabus of scientific literacy-oriented thematic learning programs whose general validity and reliability in the category can be used. The implementation of the program reveals that the program can be implemented by the teacher and can be followed by students. The scientific literacy profile has a positive linear correlation with learning motivation and concept's mastery.


Background: Recent population structure studies of T. gondii revealed that a few major clonal lineages predominated in different geographical regions. T. gondii in South America is genetically and biologically divergent, whereas this parasite is remarkably clonal in North America and Europe with a few major lineages including Types I, II and III. Information on genotypes and mouse virulence of T. gondii isolates from China is scarce and insufficient to investigate its population structure, evolution, and transmission.


Students' academic performance was assessed using quality control techniques. Results show that performance of students was out of control using mean chart (?̅?-Chart) with Central Limit (CL) = 2.35, Upper Control Limit (UCL) = 3.20 (although grade points above this limit may not necessarily be regarded as out-of-control-points for academic performance) and Lower Control Limit (LCL) = 1.51. Similarly, students' performance was also found not to be in control using Standard Deviation (S-Chart) with Central Limit (CL) = 0.71, Upper Control Limit = 1.34, Lower Control Limit = 0.001 approximately.The chart shows point falling below lower control limit (1.51); that is, students with poor performance. This can be adopted as a bench mark for assessing whether or not students should proceed to the next academic level, some sort of "Academic Good-Standing". Above the upper control limit are exceptional/ good results. The average performance of students is 2.35


Ethnic radio talk shows are rare in the world of media, especially those airing daily on terrestrial radio. One exception is found in the Native American culture in the daily program Native America Calling produced by Koahnic Broadcasting and aired on over 30 stations with substantial Native American audiences. Because of the unique, but culturally diverse audience of this program, this paper examines how it meets the needs of Native American radio stations and their listeners. First, a content analysis of the Native America Calling was conducted in order to identify show topics and reoccurring themes, which found Cultural/Arts/Entertainment, Native Issues, and Health to be the most prevalent discussed topics, with Religion being the least discussed topic. Next, a second content analysis of Native America Calling was conducted in order to identify tribal affiliations in show topics and guest tribal affiliations, which found that only 90 of the 781 programs specifically focused on a particular Native American tribe, with Native Alaskan being featured the most. According to Debra Merskin (1998) the 1990s was the decade in which media had decided to turn their attention to the Native American culture. We see this in the explosion of Native American media study publications, such as Signals In The Air: Native Broadcasting In America by Michael C. Keith (1994). Since the 1990s, very little research has been conducted on the actual content or effectiveness of the media that target the Native American community. This is the basis of our research. This study focuses on one specific radio program, Native America Calling, since radio is the dominant form of broadcasting targeted towards this community. This study hopes to discover what topics are covered by the programs presented on Native America Calling, what are the most prevalent issues, what topics address the unique needs of the native population, and which tribes are featured on this program as both the specific topic of a program and/or as the guest experts. The research in this paper is meant to be a starting point for further research. Literature Review When we look at research that deals with Native Americans and the media, we tend to refer to research that has been conducted about the media representations, or misrepresentations, of the Native Americans. Murphy and Murphy (1981) discuss how the media's stereotyping of Native Americans has been so prevalent that this minority group was left out of the civil rights movement.


The hybrid method of moments and physical optics (MOM‐PO) based on nonuniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) modeling represented a suitable approach for dealing with electromagnetic (EM) radiation problems because of its higher efficiency and more accurate modeling than Triangle MOM‐PO method.However, the invalidation in existing NURBS MOM‐PO method occurs when the distance between antenna and scatterer is less than one wavelength. The reason is analyzed in detail in this article. This article introduces an improved NURBS MOM‐PO method to overcome this problem. Ludwig integral combining with stationary phase method is utilized to calculate the integral of PO currents. Thus, both the efficiency and validity are ensured. Numerical results demonstrate that accurate results can be achieved efficiently in electrically large EM radiation problems by using the present method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2675–2679, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25569


After a brief overview of the scientific data on cloning, the article examines the ethical issues put forth by this particular form of reproduction. A distinction is made between the application of cloning to the animal and vegetable realms and to the human species. The cloning of plants and animals is ethically permissible if it guarantees the preservation of species and of genetic diversity within the species. Humankind is not entitled to an absolute and irresponsible dominion -ius utendi et abutendi - over the world. As the Yahwist has taught us, the human person has been placed in the middle of the garden as its guardian and caretaker (Gn 2,15). On the other hand, the prudent use of vegetable and animal cloning can render a great service to humankind both in agriculture and in medicine. When it comes to the application of cloning to the human species, the article introduces a distinction between the «procreation» of human beings through these techniques and the reproduction of human cells for therapeutic uses. The author concludes that the production of human persons through the application of cloning techniques is morally unacceptable. The ethical objections are presented under three major headings: 1) the respect due to the human embryo; 2) the dignity of the human person (the «principle of humanity»); and 3) the authentic meaning of human procreation as a fully human activity. The values at stake in the cloning of human beings are among the most basic values for the moral life: the value of human life itself from its inception, the uniqueness of each human person, the relationships between man and woman, as well as the relationship between parent and child. Society cannot afford to endanger these fundamental values. Our very identity as ethical beings rests upon them. On the other hand, a limited application of cloning to the human species can be acceptable from the moral point of view. The cloning of human cells -not of human persons - for therapeutic uses


We have observed a sample of 15 and 8 quasars with redshifts between 0.11 and 0.87 (mean value 0.38) in the J and K 0 bands respectively. Eleven of the quasars were previously known to be associated with extended emission line regions. After deconvolution of the image, substraction of the PSF when possible, and identication of companions with the help of HST archive images when available, extensions are seen for at least eleven quasars. However, average proles are dierent from that of the PSF in only four objects, for which a good t is obtained with an r 1=4 law, suggesting that the underlying galaxies are ellipticals. Redshifts were available in the literature for surround- ing objects in ve quasar elds. For these objects, one to ve companion galaxies were found. One quasar even be- longs to a richness class 1 cluster. Most other quasars in our sample have nearby galaxies in projection which may also be companions. Environmental eects are therefore probably important to account for the properties of these objects.


Community acquired pneumonia is a common infectious disease in the elderly patients.The new generation fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin has a definite clinical effect and high safety,can be widely used in the treatment of elderly patients with community acquired pneumonia.


The article reports the study of the possibilities of a statistical analysis of long-standing morbidity for clarifying the role of H.pylori in the development of ulcer and its complications, and also the estimation of the effectiveness of therapy for eradicating H.pylori. Based on statistic data it is shown that the massive application of the eradication therapy led to a steady reduction in the ulcer morbidity and perforated ulcer morbidity and also the connected with them basic statistical indices (decrease of mortality, shortened periods of treatment, decrease of cases and days of disablement, etc). At the same time, a yearly increase in the frequency of ulcerous hemorrhages is observed, which is caused by the absence or inadequacy of eradication therapy for the surgical patients, with increasing application of the minimal operations and conservative methods of the stoppage of hemorrhages


Abstract An updated systematization of maintenance strategies based on selected transport device exploitation parameters, working in continuous process was presented. The presented framework provides guidelines of assessment methods and an evolution of the way-of-thinking and technological changes in the modern industry related with the maintenance strategies. The paper present also a holistic discussion about the maintenance strategies applicability on overhead operating cranes.


Capital running is a managing action of which nature is capital benefit.Its essence is a kind of enterprise behavior.But the state-owned enterprise capital running still faced some problems such as the government's interference,undeveloped capital market and property rights confusion and so on.Thus developing a comprehensive market system,defining independent corporations as the main part and training outstanding managers is the key of what improve and perfect the macro-economic environment and micro-basis.


The invention discloses a universal hinged joint structure which comprises a lug plate (1), an embedding plate (2), a pin roll (3) and a radial spherical plain bearing (4), wherein the radial spherical plain bearing (4) is of a sphere universal rotating structure; the front end of the embedding plate (2) is provided with a recess embedded with the radial spherical plain bearing (4); an external embedding section is formed at the rear end of the embedding plate (2) and the radial spherical plain bearing (4) is embedded in the recess of the embedding plate (2) through a fixing member; a shaft hole corresponding to the pin roll (3) in shape and size is arranged on the lug plate (1), the front end of the lug plate (1) is movably connected with the radial spherical plain bearing (4) through the pin roll (3), and a universal rotary connecting structure is formed in the connecting part of the lug plate (1) and the embedding plate (2); and the rear end of the lug plate (1) is formed with an external connecting end. The universal hinged joint structure is simple in installation, can rotate in any direction, and can be used as a connecting joint of a steel column and a steel beam, a main pipe and a branch pipe of a space structure, and a support and a rod member of a rise structure.


To the Editor:

We read with interest the systematic review by C. Denkinger and co-workers on the use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) [1], particularly in light of World Health Organization (WHO) endorsement of Xpert MTB/RIF and its recent policy statement on extrapulmonary TB [1–3]. Given the severe clinical course and high mortality associated with TB meningitis, combined with the lack of TB culture capacity in much of the developing world, WHO has endorsed testing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with the automated Xpert MTB/RIF assay as a first-line test over conventional microscopy in patients with suspected TB meningitis [2]. This policy recommendation came as a "strong …


Recently, <001>-oriented nanometer-sized pores (nano-pores) without side branches, unlike porous Si, have been realized by our group on (001) n-InP surfaces by means of electrochemical anodization in 1M HCl solution. However, they exhibit large structural nonuniformity including the presence of an irregular top layer, random pore positioning and wavy pore walls. In this study, attempts have been made to improve pore uniformity and to clarify their optical properties. Anodization in 1 M HCl+HNO3 solution realized highly uniform nano-pore arrays consisting of square-shaped straight pores defined by four crystalline (011) facets. This improvement is explained in terms of preferential etching along the vertical <001>-direction at the pore tip due to the slow etching rate along the lateral <011>-direction as well as the uniform supply of reactant species to pore tips realized by the removal of the irregular top layer during the anodization process. The nano-pore arrays show strong blue- and red-shifted photoluminescence emissions at high and low temperatures, respectively. These are assigned as emissions due to the transition between electron and hole quantum states inside the pore walls and that involving a broad surface state continuum at pore wall surfaces, respectively.


This is the 2nd of a series of discussion papers (Table 1) around the pedagogy of supervision in the technology disciplines. The papers form part of an Australian Learning and Teaching Council Fellowship program conducted by ALTC Associate Fellow, Professor Christine Bruce, Queensland University of Technology.; ;


We consider in this paper the wave scattering problem by an object with Neumann boundary conditions in an anisotropic elastic body. To obtain an efficient numerical method (permitting the use of regular grids) we follow a fictitious domain approach coupled with a first order velocity stress formulation for elastodynamics. We first observe that the method does not always converge when the $Q_1^{\rm div}-Q_0$ finite element is used. In particular, the method converges for some scattering object geometries but not for others. Note that the convergence of the $Q_1^{\rm div}-Q_0$ finite element method was shown in [E. Becache, P. Joly, and C. Tsogka, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 39 (2002), pp. 2109-2132] for the elastodynamic problem in the absence of a scattering object (i.e., without the coupling of the mixed finite elements with the fictitious domain method). Therefore we propose here a modification of the $Q_1^{\rm div}-Q_0$ element following the approach in [E. Becache, J. Rodriguez, and C. Tsogka, On the convergence of the fictitious domain method for wave equation problems, Technical report 5802, INRIA, 2006], where the simpler acoustic case was considered. To study the numerical properties of the new element we carry out a dispersion analysis. Several numerical simulations as well as a numerical convergence analysis show that the proposed method provides a good approximate solution.


There is a close relationship between lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass and inflammatory responses.Among various inflammatory mediators neutrophil is thought to be a major pathogenesis by accumulation in distal airway and secreting elastase and oxygen-free radicals.Ulinastatin,a serine protease inhibitor,can inhibit the activities of trypsin,cathepsin,elastase,et al.This makes it probable that ulinastatin is suitable for protection against and therapy for lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.


We show how the quantum to classical transition of the cosmological fluctuations produced during inflation can be described by means of the influence functional and the master equation. We split the inflaton field into the system-field (long-wavelength modes), and the environment, represented by its own short-wavelength modes. We compute the decoherence times for the system-field modes and compare them with the other time scales of the model.


For the problem of yield calculation and pump dynamometer card recognition associated to sucker rod pumping systems,this paper investigates an accurate positing approach to valve opening and closing points of the sucker rod pump,depending on the ground and pump dynamometer cards and the basic principle of the pump.It is used to locate the points of any pump dynamometer card.Actual data examination shows that such approach can satisfy the demand of yield calculation for the pumped well.


Anxiety is usually associated with dysfunction of cognitive control. The aim of the present study is to examine whether high anxious individuals have a damage of cognitive control function in a standard response inhibition task, Go/Nogo-paradigm, and to investigate its neural correlates with event-related potentials (ERPs). We focused on the N2 and P3 components in the difference wave between NoGo condition and Go condition, which is considered to reflect different processing stage of response inhibition. The P3 component was mainly influenced by trait anxiety, showing the reduction in HTA group. Using the standardised Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography method (sLORETA), we found that the reduced P3 of difference wave in HTA group was associated with the medial frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus. Therefore, the attenuation of response inhibition in anxiety is likely mediated by the decreased activation of frontal area.


New polypyridines [1,3-bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin-6-yl)benzene L1 and 1,3-bis[4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin-6-yl)benzene] L2 were prepared. Their reactions with copper(II) acetate and silver(I) acetate gave [Cu2L12]4+, [Cu2L22]4+, [Ag2L12]2+ and [Ag2L22]2+ while [Ru2L2(terpy)2]4+ was obtained from [Ru(terpy)Cl3](terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) with L2. The complexes [Cu2L22][PF6]4·6MeCN and [Ag2L22][PF6]·Me2CO have been established by X-ray crystal analyses to have double helical structures. Electrospray mass spectrometry showed that the double helical [Cu2L22]4+ and [Ag2L12]2+ complexes and the single helical [Ru2L2(terpy)2]4+ complex are the only species present in solutions. All five complexes undergo reversible oxidations or reductions. Interestingly, the electrochemical data indicate substantial electronic coupling within the bimetallic double helical [M2L2]3+(M = Cu or Ag, L = L1 and L2) but not the single helical [Ru2L2(terpy)2]4+ systems.


A sincere attempt is made to probe EM domains using Randomness & Random Numbers by using a Quantum Device as stated in the above mentioned TITLE of this technical communication.To the best of our knowledge this is indeed a pioneering R&D technical note using a Quantum Device.


The traditional cadastral management information system can not meet the require of the daily land management.Integrated environments consisting of the model of the urban and rural integration,land management and e-government integration is the developing direction of the modern cadastral management.The design goal of integrated cadastral management information system was discussed in detail,based on these studies,the structure and function of ICMIS were studied,which will provide reference for coordinated urban and rural cadastral management.


This paper analyzes the cultural approach in teaching English. A foreign language teacher has a responsibility to implement the cultural approaches in order to socialize the language to the learners through the culture. Consequently, students must learn culture when they learn language. In other words, the culture must be adapted by the students in order to get success in learning language. Key words: teaching English, reflects of culture, Islamic cultural approach


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of value-at-risk (VaR) in the cross-section of stock returns in the Indian stock market during the period 1999-2014.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper follows the methodology of Bali and Cakici (2004) to investigate the relationship between VaR and stock returns and employs Fama and French's (1993) and Fama and Macbeth's (1973) methods to find out the predictive power of VaR in time-series and cross-section settings. Further, it follows Fama and French (2008) to estimate separate cross-section regressions for small, medium and big stocks to verify the pervasiveness of the anomaly.

Findings

This study finds positive risk premium associated with VaR in the Indian stock market during 2001-2008, the period of short selling constraint for institutional investors. This premium is confined to small stocks and low institutional holdings. The positive premium can be attributed to short selling constraints.

Practical implications

The risk-return tradeoff can be utilized by investors and fund managers. As it is confined to small stocks, transaction costs may affect the profitability of the investment strategy.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the scanty empirical literature on the role of VaR in the cross-section of expected stock returns. Moreover, this is the first study that explores the relationship between VaR and stock returns in the asset pricing context for the Indian stock market.


January 23, 2013 Frances Kirwan's book Complex algebraic curves is an excellent introduction to complex algebraic curves (see [5]). Whenever possible I have included a page reference to the book, in the form [5]. Another beautiful book on this subject is Rick Miranda's book Algebraic curves and Riemann surfaces (see [6]). To get a feeling what is higher-dimensional complex algebraic geometry, see the book Undergraduate algebraic geometry by Miles Reid (see [8]). Both these book go far beyond the syllabus of the SMSTC course.


Length-frequency data of the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) caught by the Taiwanese offshore longline vessels was collected monthly at Tungkang fish market between September 2001 and October 2002. These samples were used to estimate the von Bertalanffy growth parameters and the mean length at age for yellowfin tuna by the length-based MULTIFAN method. Twenty-four cases were considered and the best match was found in the case when April was set as month 1, the sample number was merged to 12 by month and 3 cm was selected for length interval. In this case, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as growth coefficient K = 0.392 yr, asymptotic fork length FL8 = 175.0 cm, and theoretical age at zero length t0 = 0.00306 yr. Six age classes were identified and mean length at age was L1 = 56.16 cm, L2 = 95.00 cm, L3 = 120.95 cm, L4 = 138.48 cm, L5 = 150.32 cm, and L6 = 158.32 cm. The estimated longevity (tmax) was 7.65 years.


Edmund Husserl's account, especially in his Crisis of European Sciences (1936) and Vienna Lecture (1935), of the Greek philosophical breakthrough to universal rationality has been criticized as Eurocentric. Husserl speaks of the universality inherent in 'European' philosophical culture of the logos and contrasts it with other communal life-worlds, which are, in his view, merely 'empirical-anthropological' types, with their own peculiar 'historicities' and 'relativities'. In this paper, I propose to defend Husserl's appeal to critical universal reason by situating it within the political context, especially the National Socialist inspired philosophy and anthropology of Germany in the 1930s. Husserl's stance in favour of universal rationality as an enduring telos for humanity is an explicit rejection of National Socialist race-based ideologies that made reason relative to race. Husserl's assertion in the Vienna Lecture that 'there is, for essential reasons, no zoology of peoples' must surely be read as a clear repudiation of race-based doctrines. Moreover, philosophy, for Husserl, is essentially international and every culture contains within it an implicit openness to the universal, although, as a matter of contingent history, it was the 'a few Greek eccentrics' who made the actual breakthrough to the concept of rationality open to infinite tasks.


The purpose of this paper is to analyse a set of techniques and tools that have been applied in the teaching-learning process of professionals skills, in the field of knowledge of Creative Advertising. The methodology was structured around a series of strategies as the development of case studies, the use of tools in the blackboard, classroom sessions and non-contact sessions to monitor student's activities. Both the academic performance and the results obtained positive assessments results and feedback. © 2016, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.


Mathematical models describing the response of diodes and transistors to ionizing radiation are derived from the continuity and diffusion equations and, in the case of the transistor, the charge control model. Solutions are obtained for both steady-state and transient radiation environments. In addition to being of use in understanding device behavior, these solutions also indicate those device parameters which must be optimized to reduce transient response and therefore provide criteria for the design and/or selection of devices with minimum response. A model is also presented which describes the nonlinear effect of collector multiplication upon the collector photocurrent of a transistor. This model is used as a basis for explaining and predicting the nonlinear relation between the peak photo-response and the radiation dose which has been observed in some devices.


Abstract A novel Beckmann rearrangement of the 6-mono-oxime of l-methyl-2,3-benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4,6-dione provides the basis for a much improved synthesis of benzomorphans.


We describe a female patient with a selective demyelinating disease of the 1a afferent sensory nerve fibers. After suffering from fever for 3 days the patient developed disorder of balance, dizziness, muscle cramps and altered sense of position and muscle tension of the trunk and extremities. Neurological examination revealed positive Romberg ́s sign with no improvement during follow-up of 8 years. Laboratory and imaging studies showed no remarkable findings. However, ENMG demonstrated a permanent slow conduction affecting selectively the 1a afferent nerve fibers. We conclude that the patient suffered from an acute and probably immune-mediated demyelinating disease restricted to 1a-afferent nerve fibers, with a prompt remission but persistent sequelae.


Voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs) are small abundant proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane that interact with the adenine nucleotide translocater and bind glycerol kinase and hexokinase. Kinase binding is developmentally regulated, tissue specific, and increased in various tumor cell lines. VDACs are also components of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and GABA{sub A} receptor. Two human VDAC cDNAs have previously been reported, and expression of these isoforms appears ubiquitous. Genomic Southern analysis suggests the presence of other as yet uncharacterised VDAC genes. To study VDAC function in a mammal more amenable to experimental manipulation, we have isolated three mouse VDAC genes by cDNA cloning from a mouse brain cDNA library. DNA sequencing of the cDNAs shows that they share 65-75% amino acid identity. Northern analysis indicates that MVDAC1 is expressed most highly in kidney, heart, and brain. Using an MVDAC3 3{prime} untranslated exon as a probe, three distinct transcripts can be detected. The gene structure for MVDAC3 and MVDAC2 has been completed and suggests that the VDAC isoforms did not arise by gene duplication and divergence. The intron/exon boundaries are not conserved between MVDAC1 and MVDAC3, and MVDAC2 appears to be encoded by a single intronless gene.


This paper discusses the current development of network database from aspects of the concept,classification and retrieval technique of network database,and the general situation and application of domestic and foreign commercial network databases for providing references for the scientific researchers to understand and utilize network database.


The error-based active disturbance rejection control (EADRC) structure is investigated to obtain precise tracking control of a mechanical system with one degree of freedom. We formally take into account the uncertainty of the input gain, which affects the performance of the controller, and consider stability of the closed-loop system for the full-order and reduced-order extended-state observers (ESOs). Apart from theoretical analysis, we present experimental results, which confirm that the application of the reduction-order observer can improve control performance. We also investigate whether the explicit formulation of the feedforward in EADRC makes it possible to improve the tracking precision under real conditions.


The mechanical stability of homogeneous crystals has been the subject of extensive theoretical and computational studies. It has been suggested that Born stability conditions are only valid for the analysis of an unstressed lattice. The generalization of the elastic stability criteria to the non-zero stress case can be done by formulating the stability criteria in terms of the elastic stiffness coefficients instead of the elastic constants. In this paper we present results of the study of stability criteria of Be chalcogenides, BeSe and BeTe, from first principles calculations, under hydrostatic pressure. Our results show the validity of the generalized criteria, in reasonable good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical results, and suggest the connection between the mechanical instability and the structural transition.


The purpose of this study is to gain a deep understanding of the factors which influence the adoption and usage of ICT by SMEs in Malaysia Businesses around the world are using ICT to improve business competitiveness. ICT provides a numerous opportunity for SMEs to compete equally with large corporations. This study uses Moore and Benbasats perceived characteristics of innovating (PCI) constructs to determine factors that influence the SMEs adoption of ICT. Data are collected through self administered questionnaire and the sample consists of 214 manufacturing SMEs in the southern region in Malaysia. The multiple regression analysis results indicate that compatibility, perceived ease of use, image and security have significant influence ICT adoption intention. The implications of the study are discussed and further researches are suggested.


The utility model belongs to an anti-eccentric adjustment valve, and particularly relates to an adjustment valve of which the inlet is provided with two manifolds. The anti-eccentric adjustment valve comprises a valve body of a hollow structure and a valve cover, wherein the valve body is connected with the valve cover through bolts, the valve body is further connected with a lower valve body, a valve seat is arranged between the valve body and the lower valve body, the valve seat is pressed by the lower valve body to form a pressure boundary, the inside of the valve body is connected with a movable part valve element, and the valve element is sleeved with a guide sleeve. The anti-eccentric adjustment valve has the advantages that the two manifolds of the valve body are arranged horizontally, the structure is compact, the manifolds have large sections, the flow speed is reduced, and earlier abrasion of the manifolds is avoided.


Southeast Asian riverine fishes are classified into three guilds ('black', 'white' and 'grey' species) based on their reproductive and migration strategies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fish morphology could be used to predict the Mekong fish guilds. Nine dimensionless ratios of fish morphological traits were used to describe the locomotion and food acquisition strategies of 121 fish species. The links between morphological traits and fish guilds were assessed using a principal component analysis (PCA) and a variance partitioning analysis, which revealed a strong morphological overlap between the guilds. Despite the high contribution of intra-guild variability to overall morphological variability (~90%), black and white fish significantly differed in terms of locomotion-related traits. Mekong fish guilds were satisfactorily predicted by using a random forest (RF) model, which produced a percentage of successful classification of ca 50% for each of the three guilds. Caudal propulsion efficiency, pectoral fin vertical position and body elongation were the most significant traits in the RF predictive model. Although the present study provides initial insight into the links between Mekong fish morphology and ecological guilds, further research is needed in order to clarify the relationship between species morphology, migratory status and responses to environmental variation.


This article documents the place of practice research in Australian social work from 1929 to the present by examining practice research publications as well as the professional discourse concerning the place of research in social work generally. It is concluded that practice research has historically occupied a marginal place in Australian social work but that this has been changing rapidly in the 1990s.


We proposed a novel blind polarization de-multiplexing technique for higher order modulation signals based on unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in 3D Stokes space. Simulation results show that UKF has better performance of de-multiplexing and convergence speed compared to extended Kalman filters (EKF).


Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a Banach algebra, and $\mathcal{X}$ a Banach $\mathfrak{A}$-bimodule. A bounded linear mapping $\mathcal{D}:\mathfrak{A}\rightarrow \mathcal{X}$ is approximately semi-inner derivation if there eixist nets $(\xi_{\alpha})_{\alpha}$ and $(\mu_{\alpha})_{\alpha}$ in $\mathcal{X}$ suh that, for each $a\in\mathfrak{A}$, $\mathcal{D}(a)=\lim_{\alpha}(a.\xi_{\alpha}-\mu_{\alpha}.a)$. $\mathfrak{A}$ is called approximately semi-amenable if for every Banach $\mathfrak{A}$-bimodule $\mathcal{X}$, every $\mathcal{D}\in\mathcal{Z}^{1}(\mathfrak{A},\mathcal{X}^{*})$ is approximtely semi-inner. There are some Banach algebras which are approximately semi-amenable, but not approximately amenable. In this manuscript, we investigate some properties of approximate semi-amenability of Banach algebras. Also in Theorem \ref{ee} we prove the approximate semi-amenability of Segal algebras on a locally compact, SIN group $G$.


300854 * Ruby is a PhD Candidate and Scottish Government Hydro Nation Scholar at the University of Edinburgh School of Law and PhD Researcher at the Department of Environment and Planning Law, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany. 1 See V. Lagendijk, 'Divided Development: Post-war Ideas on River Utilization and Their Influence on the Development of the Danube', The International History Review. DOI: 10.1080/07075332.2013.859165. 2 Section 1.2, Danube River Basin District Management Plan (DRBP) (adopted 10 December 2009), accessed 1 March 2014. 3 Romania has only 1,700 m3 /capita/year (ICPDR, Danube Facts and Figures: Romania (ICPDR, 2006) accessed 12 February 2014. For general discussion on the trade-offs between different uses in the Danube see Schmeier S., Governing International Watercourses: River Basin Organizations and the Sustainable Governance of Internationally Shared Rivers and Lakes (Routledge, 2013) at 171. chapter 20


1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(4-antipyrineyl)-triazene(NPAPT) has been synthesized. A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of silver(I),which is more sensitive and selective,is developed based on the color reaction between NPAPT and silver(I).Its apparent molar absorptivity is 1.26×105 L/(mol·cm).The maximum absorption of the complex is at 530 nm,and Beer's law is obeyed for 0 to 460 μg/L Ag.The method has been employed to determine the trace amounts of silver(I) in developer waste with satisfactory results.


The ionic properties of these polymers are important when considering applications such as encapsulating enzymes, formulating macromolecular complexes, and gene transfection.


Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate transdermal films of Metoprolol Tartrate (MT) using sodium alginate (SA) and xanthan gum (XG) as biopolymers to minimize adverse effects associated with oral administration. Methods: Transdermal films of MT with SA / XG by varying the blend ratios were prepared by solution casting method. FTIR and DSC were studied to assess any interaction between the drug and the polymers. Drug loaded films were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics such as physical appearance, thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, % moisture absorption studies, SEM analysis, drug content uniformity. Tensile strength, invitro diffusion was determined by Franz diffusion cell. In vitro skin permeation of optimized formulation was compared with that of MT conventional gel. The patches were tested for their potential to cause skin irritation in rats. Results: Thin, flexible, smooth and transparent films of MT were obtained with SA/XG blends. The FT/IR and DSC studies confirmed no interaction between the drug and polymers. SEM pictures clearly exhibited the homogeneous dispersion of MT in the transdermal films. Thickness, Tensile strength, folding endurance and % elongation were found to be uniform and reproducible. In vitro diffusion release studies revels effectiveness of optimized formulation when compared with the conventional gel. The highest flux and enhancement ratio for MT from the film (A3) was found to be 0.268 ± 0.041 mg/cm 2 /h & 8.37 mg/cm 2 /h respectively. The skin irritation study indicated that neither the polymer nor the drug caused any noticeable irritation. Conclusions: It could be concluded that the polymeric matrix/type transdermal films of biopolymer based transdermal films are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of MT effective therapy.


The utility model discloses a ground irrigating fine fertilizer, which comprises a machine frame, a fertilizer liquid can mounted on the machine frame, a mini petrol generator group, a mini pump. An agitator is arranged in the fertilizer liquid can and connects with the mini pump. The mini petrol generator group supplies power for the mini pump. The utility model also comprises a water transmission pipe. The fertilizer liquid is suck by the mini pump from the fertilizer liquid can and pressurized. The fertilizer liquid is injected into the water transmission pipe through special injection pipe. The fertilizer liquid and irrigation water fully mix and flow to the field. A liquid level meter is arranged on the can body of the fertilizer liquid can. Manual pumps and control valves are installed accordingly on the water transmission pipe. A filter screen is installed on the water inlet of the water transmission pipe. An express connector can be installed on the water inlet of the water transmission pipe and a reverse lunge connector can be installed on the water outlet of the water transmission pipe. A carriage wheel and a supporting foot can be installed on the machine frame. The utility model realizes the coupling and even irrigation of the water and fertilizer. The utility model sufficiently increases the utilizing rate of the fertilizer liquid, encourages the absorption of crop and increases the crop production.


This paper uses the block‐booking film exhibition contracts that were the subject of Paramount to examine the role of contract terms in facilitating self‐enforcing relationships. Because of the large uncertainty in film value at the time of contracting, it is difficult to fully specify optimal exhibitor performance (such as exhibition run length) ex ante. Instead, the efficient contractual arrangement contractually overconstrains exhibitors and relies on the superior reputational capital of distributors to flexibly adjust contract terms ex post. The analysis illustrates that, rather than thinking of contracts as either court enforced or self‐enforced, transactors generally combine court‐enforced and self‐enforced sanctions by using contract terms to economize on their limited reputational capital. Block booking is explained within this framework by its effects on reducing the variance in the value of the film package and, therefore, the demands placed on the distributors' reputational capital.


The radiation-pattern variations of a ground radiation antenna are investigated. The series capacitor connected in the antenna radiation loop is successively placed in two different positions while the radiation patterns are respectively observed. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the radiation patterns are significantly changed in accordance with the capacitor's position. This study can be applied to implementing a radiation-pattern-reconfigurable GPS antenna.


The invention provides an automatic optical detection system and a method, which is particularly suitable for the condition that multiple times of local image collection combined analysis and detection is needed. The automatic optical detection system comprises an image collection device, a software detection platform and a mechanical motion device, wherein the image collection device is provided with a plurality of charge coupled device (CCD) lenses which are distributed in an area array; when a clamping plate of the mechanical motion device well fixes a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate and enters a state under test, the software detection platform conducts the full-plate scanning and the programming; and then the image collection device and the PCB substrate are controlled by the software detection platform and driven by the mechanical motion device to move along an optimum route, and the image collection function and the substrate detection function are completed in the motion. In the automatic optical detection system, due to adopting the area-array CCD, the complexity in the image processing is greatly reduced, and the detection accuracy rate can be improved; and the synchronization of the dynamic image collection and the instant detection is realized, so that the detection speed is greatly improved, simultaneously the influence of the mechanical vibration in the image collection process also can be avoided, and the system stability can be enhanced.


We have studied Laguerre-Gaussian spatial solitary waves in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media analytically and numerically. An exact analytical solution of two-dimensional self-similar waves is obtained. Furthermore, a family of different spatial solitary waves has been found. It is interesting that the spatial soliton profile and its width remain unchanged with increasing propagation distance. The theoretical predictions may give new insights into low-energetic spatial soliton transmission with high fidelity.


The data required to plan the clean-up of an environmentally contaminated site is available, but scattered throughout research journals. In this paper, we present a process used to collect and organize this data in a single data repository. We discuss information quality issues encountered in building the repository and how these issues were resolved. We also present the design of an application which makes the data available and usable to environmental analysts via the World Wide Web. In constructing the site, numerous Web 2.0 technologies were employed. We describe their application.