The potential performance of 2D NAND flash with a graphene floating gate (FG) layer is presented. The field enhancement factor for patterned CVD graphene sheets atop a tunneling dielectric is experimentally extracted and used to drive higher-level circuit simulations on 64-bit NAND strings. The average field enhancement factor at a barrier height of 3.1 eV was found to be ∼2.85 with a maximum value of 4. Our modest extracted β value explains the contradiction in prior experiments that reported a field enhancement factor of few thousands but only 30%–40% improvement in the write voltage of FG memory devices. Design and operational tradeoffs are benchmarked based on these experimental values and it is shown that 2D NAND programming time and/or programming voltage can be suppressed to 10 ns and 5 V, respectively, based on a 65 nm process node. The onset of read disturbs from the more efficient FG layer are identified and shown to be easily mitigated through error correction code.


This new feature of TDR presents reports on various performances and artists. In this issue we offer an account of the 2002 Chinese theatre season, a performance rumination on the atomic bomb and 9/11, the experience of groupies at a parodic cock-rock concert, and a selection of performative haikus composed by a San Francisco performance artist.


Biomass can be converted to sugars by hydrolysis with enzymes or mineral acids. These sugars can be converted into a number of chemical intermediates in biological reactors. Biological reactions are generally slow and selection of the most efficient reactor is important in these applications. Immobilized‐cell reactors allow high cell densities and high throughput by attaching the microorganisms to a fixed support. This paper examines the rate of production of ethanol from glucose by Saccharomyces cerevisia in a packed column. These rates are compared with those for the same reaction in a stirred reactor.


A study of deaths from vehicular-related causes among teenagers was carried out from the case files of the Office of the Medical Examiner, Metro Dade County, Miami, Florida, between the years 1978–82. A total of 247 cases were examined and analysed as to the age, race and sex of victims, along with the cause of death, and whether alcohol or drugs were detected at autopsy. Also taken into account were such factors as whether seat-belts were worn, the decedent's role in the accident and the causative factors involved in the fatality. The implications for society of these findings was also noted.


The low level of moral motivation of the company, formed on the basis of collapsing culture, makes one turn to the basic fundamentals of moral education. Criteria of moral consciousness, morality, moral sentiments are productive base of moral education. The use of the Orthodox thesaurus extends the conceptual component of universal values


P 1 a t a n u s taxa have weakly cyanogenic young leaves. Larger amounts of cyanogenic glycosides are present in the peduncles of the inflorescences. Dhurrin and triglochinin have been isolated from peduncles collected in September. The amount of cyanophoric glucosides is large enough to render P 1 at a n u s peduncles toxic. A possible systematic meaning of our findings is shortly discussed.


In the mid-2000s, my colleague Harald Niklasson and I published an article, 'The Swedish Model in Turbulent Times', retracing the main developments of the Swedish model since its inception in the early 1950s up to the early 2000s (Anxo and Niklasson 2006). Our main conclusion was that, at the turn of the century, the Swedish model appeared more in line with the core components of the original Swedish model1 than during the decades 1970–1980, which constituted, in our views, a clear deviation. During the 1990s, the economic policy modifications towards more restrictive and anti-inflationary macroeconomic policies, the re-orientation of active labour market policies towards supply-oriented measures and the structural reforms undertaken in wage formation, tax and social protection systems suggested a revival of the Swedish model. After a period of turbulence related to the early 1990s economic crisis, the Swedish economy underwent particularly favourable economic development. Up to the current global recession, unemployment oscillated between 5 and 6 per cent, inflation was curbed and current account and public finances were restored.


The purpose of this review is to highlight the present state of the problem of interconnection of psycho-emotional processes with the onset, clinical course and treatment of bronchial asthma.The current researches of domestic and foreign authors is analyzed and summarized. Bronchial asthma is considered by researchers as a psychosomatic disease. The characteristic psychoneural status of children with chronic obstructive syndrome is formulated and the dependence of psycho-emotional changes on the level of bronchial asthma control is shown.The importance of further study of the psychopathogenesis of emotional disorders associated with bronchial asthma is stated in order to develop more effective methods of therapy for these conditions.


The need for sustainable production of food, feed, and fuel for a growing global population with minimum pressure on land use and other ecological impacts is a major challenge. The aim of the current study is to pre‐screen available biomass types to prepare for a system‐wide sustainability assessment in related biorefinery value chains. The study describes the use of multiple‐criteria decision‐making techniques as tools for assessing criteria and to draw preferences among the alternatives. Thirteen biomass types (classified as yellow, green, and woody) are evaluated with respect to 15 criteria. The criteria are classified under the three assessment parameters: supply potential, biomass properties, and potential environmental gain/losses. Pair‐wise comparisons of the alternatives are carried out in an outranking method (PROMETHEE) on the basis of their ratings (on a 1–5 scale) and weights assigned to the criteria. Weighting factors of the criteria are calculated by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The study shows that the net outranking flow for the most preferred biomass types are: grass‐clover 2.8, wheat‐straw 1.2 and willow 1, representing the biomass categories green, yellow and woody, respectively. The overall order of the preferred biomass types is grass‐clover, pure grass, alfalfa from the green category; straw based on wheat and barley from the yellow category; and willow from the woody category. Furthermore, irrespective of whether or not the raw materials are processed in integrated biorefineries, preferences on biomass types are also important in the context of their sustainable conversions in related biorefinery platforms (e.g. straw in a sugar‐based lignocellulosic biorefinery and grass‐clover in a green biorefinery). © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


Summary The aim of the article is an attempt to find an answer to the question about the state of Ukrainian FDI in Poland: showing the state, support, government incentives, motives, barriers and investor sentiment. It was possible to reach the target primarily thanks to a thorough analysis of documentation from the websites of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and interviews with representatives of institutions or their employees. The article consists of three main parts: the first is the administrative activity for the development of Ukraine's cooperation with Poland and the existence of "incentives" for FDI from Ukraine; the second part analysed data on Ukrainian FDI in Poland and Ukrainian FDI in total and approximated the state of commodity exchange of Ukrainian companies with Poland as a basis for economic contacts (which may develop into strategic alliances, joint ventures or FDI); the third part presents the results of empirical research on investor sentiment, motives and barriers in this process.


The simple supersymmetric model of Caticha [Phys. Rev. A 51, 4264 (1995)] as used by Rosu [Phys. Rev. E 55, 2038 (1997)] for microtubules is generalized to the case of Mielnik's one-parameter nonrelativistic supersymmetry [J. Math. Phys. 25, 3387 (1984)] . By this means, we introduce Montroll double-well potentials with singularities that move along the positive or negative traveling direction depending on the sign of the free parameter of Mielnik's method. Possible interpretations of the singularity are microtubule associated proteins (motors) or structural discontinuities in the arrangement of the tubulin molecules. PACS number(s): 87.15.He, 03.65.Ge, 11.30.Pb Microtubules (MTs) are hollow cylinder tubes, 25 nm in outer diameter and 14 nm inner diameter, made of two types of 4 nm-long dimers of a polar protein known as tubulin that can self-assemble both in vivo and in vitro to lengths from several nm up to mm in some neurons. They form the main filamentary component of the cytoskeleton of all eukariotic cells. Along their walls the tubulin dimers are distributed onto 13 (the seventh Fibonacci number) so-called protofilaments laterally associated. Brain tissues are especially enriched in MTs. Many interesting speculations on MTs have been advanced in recent years [1]. Based on well-established results of Collins, Blumen, Currie and Ross [2] regarding the dynamics of domain walls in ferrodistortive materials, Tuszyński and collaborators [3, 4] considered MTs to be ferrodistortive and studied kinks of the Montroll type [5] as excitations responsible for the energy transfer within this highly interesting biological context. The Euler-Lagrange dimensionless equation of motion of ferrodistortive domain walls as derived in [2] from a Ginzburg-Landau free energy with driven field and dissipation included is of the traveling reaction-diffusion type ψ ′′ + ρψ ′ − ψ + ψ + σ = 0 , (1) where the primes are derivatives with respect to a traveling coordinate ξ = x−vt, ρ is a friction coefficient and σ is related to the driven field [2]. e-mail: email@example.com 1 There may be ferrodistortive domain walls that can be identified with the Montroll kink solution of Eq. (1) M(ξ) = α1 + √ 2β 1 + exp(βξ) , (2) where β = (α2 − α1)/ √ 2 and the parameters α1 and α2 are two nonequal solutions of the cubic equation (ψ − α1)(ψ − α2)(ψ − α3) = ψ − ψ − σ . (3) In a previous paper [6], one of the authors noted that Montroll's kink can be written as a typical tanh kink M(ξ) = γ − tanh (


6575 Background: Many chemotherapies have the potential to prolong the QT interval, requiring monitoring of the corrected QT (QTc) to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. Most clinical guidelines recommend adjusting/holding chemotherapy with Grade 3 or higher toxicity by CTCAE (QTc≥500). Several formulae are used for QTc monitoring including Bazett, Fridericia, and Framingham. The most commonly used formula, Bazett, is well-documented to result in inappropriately high QTc values although the potential impact of this overcorrection on cancer treatment is unknown. We aimed to describe the prevalence of QTc prolongation among cancer patients and the effects on CTCAE adverse event grading by various QTc formulae to determine the potential impact on clinical management. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of QT values from electrocardiograms (ECGs) collected January 2010-April 2020 and evaluated associations between QTc values, medications, and patient characteristics. QTc prolonging agents were determined by FDA package insert and cross-referenced with CredibleMeds.org. Results: 20,017 ECGs were evaluated. 18.6% (3,730) met ACC/ACCF/HRS criteria for prolonged QTc by ≥1 QT correction formula (either Bazett, Fridericia, or Framingham). 7.5% (1,494) were prolonged with all three formulae, and 8.6% (1,635) were prolonged only with Bazett. The CTCAE classification using the Bazett formula differed from both Fridericia and Framingham in 37.9% (7,583) of the ECGs. In contrast, Fridericia and Framingham formulae resulted in the same CTCAE classification in 94.5% (18,912). Of 1,789 ECGs classified as Grade 3 toxicity by Bazett, 72.0% (1,288, 6.4% of all ECGs) were classified as Grade 2 or less by both Fridericia and Framingham. 12.0% (2,340) of all ECGs were taken from patients (n = 421) on 24 different QT-prolonging chemotherapies. In 38.8% (909) of the ECGs, the CTCAE classification using the Bazett formula differed from both Fridericia and Framingham while use of Fridericia and Framingham formulae resulted in the same classification in 93.0% (2,176) of the ECGs. Of 293 ECGs classified as Grade 3 toxicity by Bazett, 65.2% (191) were classified as Grade 2 or less by both Fridericia and Framingham. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis of discrepancies between different QTc formulae in patients receiving chemotherapy. These findings demonstrate an unacceptably high rate of discordance between formulae. Discordant data can lead to inconsistent clinical management and adverse event grading underscoring the urgent need to standardize QTc monitoring and reporting. These findings support the discontinuation of the routine use of the Bazett correction formula among cancer patients as CTCAE Grade 3 reporting from the Bazett formula is unreliable in over 65% of cases.


An introduction was made on the principle and characteristics of supersonic arc spraying technology,or high-velocity air-fuel(HVAF-ARC) spray system.The technology property of this system was studied.The author also analyzed the five kinds of technology parameters which may influence the bonding strength and the micro-fabric of coating.


The present study describes the quantitative monitoring of the metallocene-catalyzed copolymerization of propene with 10-undecene-1-ol (UO) by in-line ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in order to obtain kinetic data. For the description of the time dependency of this copolymerization reaction a pseudo-first-order rate law was used. The apparent rate constant k app of the comonomer consumption could be determined by evaluation of the integral absorbances of characteristic IR bands of the double bond of UO and of special IR determined concentration profiles of that comonomer using chemometric tools. The apparent rate constants determined by the integral absorbances of the ν C=C band (stretching vibrations) range of 0.32-0.66 × 10 -4 s -1 whereas evaluation of the absolute concentrations of the comonomer yields rate constants of 0.29-0.57 × 10 -4 s -1 . Variations within the rate constants obtained from different experimental runs point to a certain complexity of the reaction and a significant dependence of the copolymerization on the exact polymerization procedure.


Software quality is a key assessment factor for organizations to determine the ability of software ecosystems to meet the constantly changing requirements. Many quality models exist that capture and assess the changing factors affecting the quality of a software product. Common to these models is that they, contrary to the software ecosystems they are assessing, are not evolvable or reusable. The thesis first defines what constitutes a unified, evolvable, and reusable quality metamodel. We then introduce SE-EQUAM, a novel, ontological, quality assessment metamodel that was designed from the ground up to support quality unification, reuse, and evolvability. We then validate the reus-ability of our metamodel through instantiating a domain specific quality assessment model called OntEQAM that assesses evolvability as a non-functional software quality based on product and com-munity dimensions. A fuzzy logic based assessment process that addresses uncertainties around score boundaries supports the evolvability quality assessment. The presented assessment process also uses the unified representation of the input knowledge artifacts, the metamodel, and the model to provide a fuzzy assessment score. Finally, we further interpret and predict the evolvability as-sessment scores using a novel, cross-disciplinary approach that re-applies financial technical analy-sis, which are indicators, and patterns typically used for price analysis and the forecasting of stocks in financial markets. We performed several case studies to illustrate and evaluate the applicability of our proposed evolvability score prediction approach.


Communication could not separate from emotion.Rural ideological and political workers should have emotional quality of truth,kindness and beauty and integrate them into the theme and method of the works,so as to realize the perfect combination of subject and object,content and form in ideological and political work.Therefore ideological and political work could be gradually effective.


Experience, though noon auctoriteeWere in this world, is right ynogh for me.Geoffrey Chaucer, The wife of Bath of Bath's prologue and taleBernard Mandeville is correctly known for helping to ground modern ideas of political economy in a naturalistic social psychology, affecting the views of David Hume, Adam Smith, perhaps Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and others. While speaking in his own identifiable voice, as a Dutch immigrant and physician in Britain he articulated philosophical and political positions well known on the continent. The medical flavor of Mandeville's views, which grounded the social in the personal, is not commonly noted, however. The way in which he argued for the physical nature of human bodies and minds, and by implication the societies in which they live, drew on a line of philosophical materialism well known in medical circles and soon after made famous by the French-speaking philosophe Julien Offray de la Mettrie. Such views harken back to the epicurean libertines erudites of the early seventeenth century. Through his involvement in professional medical conflicts he came to have both motive and opportunity for exposing the hypocrisy of powerful moralists who were simply trying to oppress innovations that would lead to material betterment. At the same time, however, Mandeville maintained the necessity for intervention in the affairs of the body politic by the "skillful politician" in the same way that he advocated the necessity of experienced medical practitioners for maintaining the well-being of their patients. In both cases, they could enable bodily flourishing, but only if the benefits they gained from doing so were exposed. He came to many of these conclusions from self-reflection about his own circumstances, considering how his own striving for success shaped his own actions and views.If we take Mandeville's self-reflection seriously, then a biographical approach to his work has the best chance of coherence, and although very little has been found about his personal life his medical connections can be traced. They throw further light not only on his milieu but on the sources of his ideas. In short, understanding Mandeville as a physician can provide insights into the nature of his political arguments and even point to the general importance of medicine for driving him toward materialism, which in turn pushed moral philosophy toward a branch of natural philosophy soon called political economy.POLITICS AND MEDICINEMandeville's most famous work down the centuries has been The fable of the bees (1714, expanded edition 1723). No doubt its popularity has been helped by the famous maxim on its title page: "Private Vices, Publick Benefits". It implies that the whole benefits from the private passions of each person: that wealth and power are derived from the ways in which nature drives us. The slogan is new in 1714, but it points back to an understanding of human nature he had forcefully presented some years earlier, in the satirical poem of a decade earlier that is reprinted at the beginning of the Fable, 'The grumbling hive: or, knaves turn'd honest' (1705). The poem explains that all humans really desire stem from vanity and the search for pleasure and ease. Consequently, "No Calling was without Deceit". But although "every Part was full of Vice, / Yet the whole Mass a Paradice". The apparent paradox of how the general good could come from individual failings could be explained by noting how politicians made virtue and vice friends of one another, so that "The worst of all the Multitude / Did something for the Common Good". Put another way, "Their Crimes conspired to make 'em Great. / [...] This was the State's Craft, that maintain'd / The Whole, of which each Part complain'd". Tragedy struck this great nation, however, when those who placed moral behavior above all else finally got Jove's attention, and he agreed to make everyone virtuous; without spending on luxuries the economy shrank and each act of modesty led to further hardship until the few remaining bees ended up living in a hollow tree to avoid their enemies. …


In the 21st century, with the rapid development of science and technology, the relationship between technology and economy has become more and more close. Business management in the era of knowledge economy has brought new opportunities and challenges. Companies must continue to learn and grasp new ideas, new trends, new features and new ways in order to survive and develop in the fast-changing market development. Enterprise information technology, as a new concept of corporate governance, is respected by entrepreneurs. This paper aims to explore the advanced means of information management. Through building a main framework of information construction, the authors explore the current information management system. Finally some practical information means are introduced.


Aliens — Admission of — Exclusion of Alien Previously Resident in the State from which Excluded — Necessity of a Hearing — Discretion of the Executive Department — Use of Confidential Information — Effect of Continued Detention of Alien at Immigration Station — The Law of the United States of America.


Spatial cues for sound azimuth (interaural differences) and elevation (spectral) are processed through distinct central processes. However, it is unclear how they interact to modify perceived sound location. Potentially, such interactions might correct errors in azimuth that are inherent in the geometry of interaural cues as a function of elevation. We studied the influence of target location on sound localization in azimuth in the presence or absence of spectral cues. Human subjects were tested in a dark echo-attenuated room. Their heads were restrained while facing a cylindrical screen at 2 m, behind which a non-visible speaker on a robotic arm randomly presented auditory targets along three vertical slices at 0deg and plusmn45deg azimuth. Stimuli consisted of repeating 150-ms bursts of broadband (BB: 0.1-20 kHz), high-pass (HP: 3-20 kHz) and lowpass (LP: 0.1-1 kHz) noise, which emphasize azimuth (LP), elevation (HP), or both (BB) cues. Targets were localized by manually pointing a visually-guided joystick-mounted laser at perceived target locations. Azimuth accuracy of all three sounds in the median plane remained unaffected by elevation. Away from the median plane, target elevation strongly influenced azimuth accuracy of LP sounds, where accuracy was biased toward the median plane with increasing eccentricity in elevation. Localization of HP and BB sounds showed less spatial distortion. Our results suggest a synergistic interaction between interaural and spectral cues, which corrects errors in perceived sound azimuth as a function of elevation


India was among the first few to warn the United Nations that it would be risky to implement the constitutional provisions of the Charter in the absence of its political assumptions. In June 195°, when the United Nations decided to employ an international force to repel the aggression in Korea, India suggested that some other method should be tried.2 Ultimately, when a UN Command was created to take enforcement measures, India withheld military co-operation from the campaign. In an official explanation of India's attitude it was stated that it was difficult for India to spare its armed forces in the early years of its independence, more so because their composition and structure did not permit their operation in far-off


The study was conducted on 20 young Frieswal bulls (cross between Holstein - Friesian (HF) x Sahiwal; having 5/8 exotic (HF) inheritance) during their pubertal period (9-18 months old) to find out the age related changes in body and gonadal development. The overall body weight of young Frieswal bulls at 9 months of age was ]95.20±4.03 kg which increased nearly 2 folds (368.00±:7.18 kg) at 18 months of age. The hcalt girth. body length. rear girth and height at withers increased to 23. 24.3, 19 and 17.9%, respectively, during this period. Scrotal circumference. testicular length. breadth and width/thickness increased almost linearly during the pubertal period. At 18 months of age. paired testicular volume (PTV) and weight (PTW) was increased by 2.75 and 2.03 times respectively. from 9 months of age. Overall dimensions of the left testicle were always less than that of the right 1 throughout the entire study period. In different stages of growth period, the PTV increased by 49.39, 48.96 and 23.80% during 12, 15 and 18 months of age, respectively, and the corresponding values in PTW were 28.45, 24.24 and 27.30% respectively. The testicular weight: volume ratio was 1.3: 1. 1.1: 1.0.9: 1 and 0.9: 1 at 9,12,15 and 18 months or age, respectively. which showed a declined trend with advancement of age. During 9 to 15 months of age the PTV and P'T W increased by 122.5 und 59.57%. respectively. whereas during 1.6 to 18 mouths it was 23.81 and 27.30% respectively. During puberty gonadal development was faster as compared to general body (weight and measurements) deVelopment and within the pubertal period testicular development was faster in eadier part (9-15 months) as compared to the later part (16- 18 months of age).


Four combinations of marine fat and vegetable fat were tested in the manufacture of ice cream with 7% fat its influence in the principal physicochemical and sensory characteristics. The combination of 75% marine fat and 25% of soya oil was selected as more appropiate to obtain a similar product to the control and with satisfactory economical effect.


This study was designed to determine the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute severe attack of bronchial asthma in comparison with conventional therapy. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease in both the developed and developing countries. Asthmatic patients are at risk of worsening of disease characterized by an increased breathlessness, cough, chest discomfort and wheezing and decreased in expiratory airflow rate. Leukotrienes are lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid, an element of the phospholipid bi-layer membranes. leukotriene D4 (LTD4), and leukotriene E4 (LTE4), which are potent chemo attractants. These chemical mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Study results reveled the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonist in preventing many types of aggravated asthmatic responses. Oral administration of leukotriene receptor antagonist in acute asthmatic patients improves airway function. Once-daily treatment with 10 mg of montelukast, as compared with conventional therapy, provided significant protection against severe broncho-constriction. Study also shows that there was no worsening of the disease. Parameters strongly confirmed the role of leukotriene receptor antagonist when in addition added with steroid therapy in the treatment of acute asthma, there were a smooth improvement was noticed.


Cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) that integrate and derive information from cyberspace, physical space, and social space are data-driven, but have yet to be fully investigated. In this article, the authors study CPSS from a data-centric perspective, characterize its core features, and present a layered framework (architecture), focusing on multispace collaborative sensing and cross-space data fusion.


We present a novel technique of automatically building baseforms from the spelling for languages that are phonetic. For such languages, although rule-based techniques give fairly accurate baseforms, they have some ambiguities depending upon the language. To handle these, we apply a statistical method to improve the correctness of phonetic spelling builders. The rule-based baseforms are used as a training corpus for improving the system. We also present an alternative method of building decision trees over the phone context to modify the rule-based baseforms. The novel framework of generating the baseforms using both, spelling-to-sound rules and statistics, one after the other, requires very small amount of training data. Correction results and recognition results are presented by using the Hindi language baseform builder and by using the baseforms generated in a Hindi speech recognition task.


The key technique of DNC system realization is information changes and connection between numerical control equipments and computers. This paper introduces a communication technique based on Ethernet. The technique can realize to send process information to numerical control equipments, online monitor and handle immediate return information; accomplish assistance manufacture between numerical control equipments by central computer.


course. The book's ten essays are grouped in four sections—"Identities in Time and Space," "Contrastive Identities: 'Us' and 'Them'," "'Essential' Identities," and "Symbols of Identity." Each section begins with an editorial introduction, and each essay (or chapter) has a dual structure: first historical and theoretical background on the issue at hand, then a study of a particular cultural phenomenon or series of texts. While the chapters vary in balance, the editors have succeeded admirably in guiding their distinguished contributors, whose subjects range so widely, toward a unified structure. The editors' opening contributions—Franklin on "Russia in Time" and Widdis on "Russia as Space"—are, as one might expect, exemplary. Franklin's overview of concepts of Russia in historical time is followed by engaging close readings of two kinds of texts: postage stamps and banknotes. Widdis's discussion of conceptualizations of Russian space moves to the representation of national space in the Stalinist period, focusing first on Ivan Pyr'ev's film Tale of the Siberian Land and then on a 1934 map of socialist achievements. Franklin, who contributes a second chapter as well, on identity and religion (his highlighted texts there are Nikolai Leskov's "Enchanted Wanderer" and Sergei Eizenshtein's Akksandr Nevskii), is particularly good at what he calls "brutal summaries" (104) that prepare the reader for the original analyses that bring die broad picture to life. These summaries may be more necessary to students who are a principal audience for this book, than to scholars, but while scholars will be especially interested in the specific readings of cultural texts, they should also be appreciative of the condensed wisdom of the contributors: the graceful introduction to a field of inquiry is a difficult genre that all of them do well. The contributors, and their topics, are as follows: Hubertus F. Jahn, "'Us': Russians on Russianness"; Anthony Cross, "'Them': Russians on Foreigners"; Marina Frolova-Walker, "Music of the Soul?"; Boris Gasparov, "Identity in Language?"; Catriona Kelly, "Byl: Identity and Everyday Life"; Lindsey Hughes, "Monuments and Identity"; Stephanie Sandler, "'Pushkin' and Identity." This list makes clear the range of riches here. The texts analyzed extend from folk songs (in Frolova-Walker's fascinating analysis of the myth of Russian melancholia) to nineteenth-century peep shows (Jahn) to 1920s' child-rearing guides (Kelly). The chronological spread, as already indicated, is broad: Gasparov's account of the role of Church Slavonic in the formation of Russian identity takes us back as far as Vladimir Monomakh; Hughes deals with cathedrals and monuments from the Muscovite to the Soviet periods; Cross focuses on the late eighteenth century; Sandler's reading of the meanings of Aleksandr Pushkin includes the latest postmodern Pushkiniana. While the book is accessible to the undergraduate or general reader familiar with the outlines of Russian history (the editors take such care to make it accessible that they even offer a parenthetical definition of "permafrost"), the authors do not in any way condescend. These are demanding and often thought-provoking essays, full of illuminating moments, that will point graduate students and specialists in profitable directions. On the matter of directions, one quibble: the map of Russia preceding the essays uses the misleading projection that shows Kiev to be farther north than Moscow and St. Petersburg to be farther east. The book as a whole, however, admirably fulfills its goal of mapping the dimensions of national identity, what Franklin and Widdis in their opening essay call "the interwoven strands and multiple layers of imagined Russianness" (8).


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Wind turbine noise exposure could potentially interfere with the initiation of sleep. However, effects on objectively assessed sleep latency are largely unknown. This study sought to assess the impact of wind turbine noise on polysomnographically-measured and sleep diary-determined sleep latency compared to control background noise alone in healthy good sleepers without habitual prior wind turbine noise exposure.

METHODS
Twenty-three wind turbine noise naïve urban residents (mean±standard deviation age: 21.7±2.1 years, range 18-29, 13 females) attended the sleep laboratory for two polysomnography studies, one week apart. Participants were blind to noise conditions and only informed that they may or may not hear noise during each night. During the sleep onset period, participants were exposed to counterbalanced nights of wind turbine noise at 33 dB(A), the upper end of expected indoor values; or background noise alone as the control condition (23 dB(A)).

RESULTS
Linear mixed model analysis revealed no differences in log10 normalized objective or subjective sleep latency between the wind turbine noise versus control nights (median [interquartile range] objective 16.5 [11.0 to 18.5] versus 16.5 [10.5 to 29.0] minutes, p = 0.401; subjective 20.0 [15.0 to 25.0] versus 15.0 [10.0 to 30.0] minutes, p = 0.907).

CONCLUSIONS
Although undetected small effects cannot be ruled out, these results do not support that wind turbine noise extends sleep latency in young urban dwelling individuals without prior wind turbine noise exposure.


During his research on the origin of the Japanese islands, carried out in the last few years'' the senior author realized how important the ideas of fades and phase are in making a spacio-temporal analysis and synthesis of a tectonic development. " Lattice analysis " proposed here2' refers to an analysis of a phase of crustal deformation into two or more subphases by means of variations in the f acies of a late orogenic sediment and its stratigraphic relation, to its basement. The use of this analysis is most appropriate in deciphering an imbricated structure, such as the Yokusen orogenic zone. The Yokusen geosyncline in South Chosen was first deformed after the deposition of the Heian group by the Triassic Shorin phase of deformation. In a lake introduced on its southeastern side was deposited the Bansho formation which is a member of the Daido series. Subsequently the area was strongly disturbed by the Taiho orogenesis and the complicated imbricated structure of Yokusen was thus produced. Such being the case, it is much more difficult to clarify the pre-Bansho than the post-Bansho structure. On the southeastern side of the Yokuseniden there is the Bansho formation which is aligned along thrust lines in the imbrication. The ten belts of the formation which now exist in the Seizen and Girinkitsu areas are called as follows : I. Budochi belt II. Hihosan belt III-III'. The northern and southern Kiganri belts IV. Suikatsusan-Kwantakusan belt VI. Bansho belt VII. Yuho belt VIII. Kohori belt IX. Soho belt


Two-thirds of the world's remaining oil reserves are made up of heavy and extra heavy crude oils (EHOs). EHOs have a high viscosity due to their complex chemical structure. Production, transport a ...


Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains are frequently recovered from stools of patients with dysbiotic microbiota. They have remarkable properties of adherence to the intestinal epithelium, and survive better than other E. coli in macrophages. The best studied of these AIEC is probably strain LF82, which was isolated from a Crohn's disease patient. This strain contains five complete prophages, which have not been studied until now. We undertook their analysis, both in vitro and inside macrophages, and show that all of them form virions. The Gally prophage is by far the most active, generating spontaneously over 108 viral particles per mL of culture supernatants in vitro, more than 100-fold higher than the other phages. Gally is over-induced after a genotoxic stress generated by ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim. However, upon macrophage infection, Gally virion production is decreased by more than 20-fold, and the transcription profile of the prophage indicates that part of the structural module is specifically repressed while the replication module is overexpressed compared to unstressed culture conditions. We conclude that strain LF82 has evolved an efficient way to "tame" its most active prophage upon macrophage infection, which may participate to its good survival in macrophages. The results are discussed in light of the active lysogeny process. AUTHOR SUMMARY Prophages are bacterial viruses stably integrated into their host, to which they can provide new functions, thus increasing their fitness in the environment. Thereby, they can participate to the virulence of bacterial pathogens. However, prophages are double-edged swords that can be awakened in response to genotoxic stresses, resulting in the death of their bacterial host. This raises the question of the effect of this type of stress in the natural environments where their bacterial hosts exert their virulence. In this study, we characterized the five active prophages present in Escherichia coli LF82, a strain belonging to the intestinal microbiota and suspected to be involved in Crohn's disease via its ability to invade macrophages, a highly genotoxic environment. We show that LF82 inhibits the awakening of its prophages in macrophages, allowing it to survive there. Moreover, deletion of its most active prophage does not affect the viability of LF82 in this environment. These results show that LF82 has tamed its prophages in macrophages and also suggest that if they convey fitness advantages, they probably do so in environments differing from macrophages, and which remain to be discovered.


from the 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 two-year cycles of the NHANES study. The subjects in this study were measured for depression using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the results indicated that the odds of a person self-reporting a depressive disorder was 1.5 greater per 25 dB of hearing loss in the better ear. Moreover, the odds of self-reporting any depressive symptom increased to 1.63 per 25 dB. The results indicated that hearing loss was independently associated with depression. Similar findings were found in a 12-year review 5 of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) which included 5,043 patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 20,172 patients without hearing loss. The analysis revealed that the risk of depression was higher in the hearing loss cohort, with the hazard ratio being 1.73—again suggesting that hearing loss is an independent risk factor associated with depression regardless of age, gender, and comorbidities.


A case of intraosseous ganglion developed in the acetabulum was reported. The patient was a twenty-three-old woman complaining of mild and localized pain in her hip on weight bearing for about last seven years. The radiographs of the hip joint revealed a cystic lesion (1.5cm in diameter) with sclerotic margin in the roof of the acetabulum. Curettage and autogenous-bone graft was scheduled for the treatment. At the operation, typical ganglionic fluid was found in the cyst. The histological specimen was compatible with intraosseous ganglion. Her symptoms resolved completely three months after operation.


This paper introduces the generation ramping constraints into congestion management (CM). The California Independent System Operator (CAISO) protocol is used as the basis of the presentation. In CAISO protocol, the forward transmission markets for which congestion management is applied include the day-ahead (DA) and hour-ahead (HA) markets. The protocol requires the modeling of market separation constraints to maintain portfolio balancing separately for different scheduling coordinators in the congestion management process. This paper presents the congestion management formulation with ramping constraints for DA and HA markets. In DA formulation, all hours of the DA scheduling. horizon are coupled together. An interior point method is applied to facilitate the decoupling of the time-constrained CM problem. For HA formulation in which the scheduling is for a single hour, terms modeling the penalty effect of ramping constraints on the future hours due to the adjustments of the current hour are included into the objective function. Congestion charge to scheduling coordinators is calculated using the same formula irrespective to the modeling of generation ramping constraints. Examples are presented for illustration.


The invention relates to a mechanical seal device (1) comprising a mechanical seal (10) having a rotary seal ring (2) and a stationary seal ring (3) which define between themselves a sealing gap (4), a first throttle (5) comprising a first throttle ring (51), wherein a first throttle point (50) on an inner periphery of the first orifice ring (51) is provided a second throttle (6) comprising a second orifice ring (61), on the inner circumference of the second throttle ring (61) a second throttle point (60) is provided, wherein the first throttle (5) in the axial direction (XX) between the mechanical seal (10) and the second throttle (6) is arranged, and wherein the first throttle (5) is floatingly provided.


Selective vs Nonselective Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Anastomotic Leakage After Colorectal Surgery To the Editor We read with interest the article by Hakkarainen et al1 and wish to commend the authors on their attempt to shed light on the challenging question of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk for anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. A growing body of evidence has implicated NSAIDs, particularly selective NSAIDs, as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage. These types of NSAIDs work by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) class of enzymes: COX1, which is present throughout the body (including the vascular endothelium, stomach, and kidneys) and COX2, which is predominantly found at the site of injury (triggered by inflammatory mediators).2 Hakkarainen et al1 found a 24% increase in the leak rate in their cohort of patients who underwent bariatric surgery, elective colorectal surgery, or nonelective colorectal surgery. In their subgroup analysis, the association was limited to nonelective colorectal surgery (odds ratio [OR], 1.70 [P = .01]), not elective colorectal surgery (OR, 1.13 [P = .36]). They acknowledged that they could not specify the NSAIDs used in their study,1 but they believed that nonselective NSAIDs, such as ketorolac tromethamine, were predominantly used. We feel that there are 2 points requiring emphasis and clarification. First, the classification of selective vs nonselective NSAIDs is often misunderstood. The term selective refers to the newer class of COX2 inhibitors, whereas nonselective NSAIDs are generally thought to indiscriminately inhibit both isoforms. In point of fact, however, this is not the case. Nonselective NSAIDs can inhibit either COX1 or COX2 preferentially. Diclofenac, a nonselective NSAID, behaves like a selective NSAID and, in fact, has an inhibitory profile similar to that of the selective NSAID celocoxib, preferentially inhibiting COX2.2,3 Ketorolac, another nonselective NSAID, preferentially inhibits COX1 more so than any other commercially available NSAID.2 Second, virtually all NSAIDs have the potential to inhibit both COX enzymes regardless of their selectivity. For example, celocoxib will inhibit 60% of COX1 enzymes at 80% of its maximal inhibitory concentration for COX2.2 In our article4 looking at the perioperative use of ketorolac and anastomotic leakage after elective colorectal surgery, we found no association with leakage (OR, 1.21 [P = .66]). We attributed this to ketorolac's COX1 selectiveness. However, in our subgroup analysis, higher doses were associated with leakage (OR, 1.29 [P = .048]) for every 15-mg increase in ketorolac administered. Perioperative use of NSAIDs and anastomotic leakage remain important issues in the fast-track era of multimodal pain management. Future studies should address the selectivity of the NSAIDs used and the doses administered over the perioperative period to effectively answer this question.


In 1993, a cross‐sectional study of sexual maturation of normal Chinese schoolgirls was performed in Hong Kong. The aim of the study was to obtain an up‐to‐date reference for normal pubertal development in Chinese girls. Breast development was assessed in 3749 girls aged 7–19 y, and pubic hair rating was assessed in 3745 girls. Menstrual status was recorded in 6467 girls over 6 y of age. The median age of onset of puberty as indicated by breast stage II or above was 9. 78 (95% CI 9. 70–9. 85) y. The median age of onset of pubic hair development was 11. 64 (95% CI 11. 56–11. 72) y. The median age of menarche was 12. 38 (95% CI 11. 98–12. 78) years. Percentile values for the age at which each puberty staging appeared were constructed and incorporated into the height‐for‐age charts. When comparison is made with similar studies done in 1962 and 1979, a significant downward secular trend in sexual maturation is observed (p < 0. 01). Except for breast development the downward secular trend in sexual maturation appears to be diminishing and may be coming to a halt in the Chinese girls in Hong Kong. Their median ages of sexual maturation are now among one of the earliest medians recorded in the world population studied.


The comment to our previous publication performs calculations for the absorption and emission transition energies of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) by hybrid B3LYP density functional theory with the 6-31G* basis set on the basis of the geometrical optimizations by SCF, CIS, and B3LYP levels of theory. Most oligomers of the monomer (PPV1) through the decamer (PPV10) have been computed, and polynomial functions up to the sixth degree, as well as multiparameter exponential decay functions, have been utilized to extrapolate the aforementioned transition energies. Various "averaged" structural parameters are additionally displayed in comparison with the experimental values to assist the polynomial-fitted energetic. It is, in principle, better to calculate more points for extrapolation. Nevertheless, in the studied case, the linearity is quite good; thus, the extension of polymer size from heptamer to decamer does not change the nature of the fit significantly. In addition, although polynomial functions of high degrees perform relatively well for the extrapolation, they exhibit less direct physical insights.1 The implication of the degrees and the parameters remains uninterpretable. The geometries optimized by the Hartree-Fock method are known to be relatively inferior compared to theories incorporated with electronic correlations.2,3 Because the definition of "averaging" was not provided, we are unable to judge if the match between averaged-HF and averaged-experimental values in Table 2 of the comment is merely a coincidence. The claim that HF leads to superior geometry should be justified with more data. It is noticed that the data reported in the comment show that the geometric parameters by different methods actually distribute within the same range. It has been well known that a better comparison with experimental results does not necessarily imply a more reliable choice of computational method because the effect of error cancellation may play a major role and it is difficult to control or predict the error cancellation. The CIS method in the Gaussian package requires fewer resources to proceed compared to CASSCF in such a large system; however, the CIS method still demands large disk space or becomes extremely time consuming if the in-core computation is carried out.4 The CIS calculations are not reliable if a small basis set is utilized. In our reported CIS calculation, the optimization for PPV4 (C34H28) with the 6-31G* basis set (566 basis functions) required ∼150 GB of scratch storage in a 64bit Compaq/Alpha system. The optimization for PPV10 (C82H64, 1358 basis functions with basis set 6-31G*) reported in the comment would become a benchmark study in the excited states with CIS theory, and the computational information is indeed sufficiently interesting to be reported with details. The possible negative Stoke shift resulting from linear regression in the studies of polymers was noticed; it is calculated only with many assumptions and is to be used as a quick reference only when the resulting energy is reasonable. Because accurate spectral studies for large molecules using timedependent DFT excitations have employed ground-state structures optimized with DFT methods5,6 instead of SCF, proper correction to the Stoke shift should be done in the excited state by more reliable geometrical minimization methods. When the Stoke shift is determined, care must be taken in the excited state as well as the ground state.


Purpose To report a case of intracranial tumor in a patient with positive tensilon test. Methods Interventional case report. A 19-year-old male presented with left 6th nerve palsy and had a tensilon test, which was highly positive and was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis. Results The neurologist scanned the patient, which showed an intracranial tumor in the floor of the temporal fossa on the left side. The patient had surgery and a schwannoma was removed. The VIth nerve palsy did not improve upto two years after surgery. Conclusions A patient with a positive tensilon test can also have an associated intracranial tumor.


If you're doing Circuit Breakers right, they're not something that you code into individual microservices, but are part of the infrastructure of your routing between


The robust dissipative filtering problem of nonlinear systems with time-delay which can be represented by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models with time-delay is addressed. The parametric uncertainty is assumed to be norm bounded. Based on delay-dependent Lyapunov functional approach, some sufficient conditions for the existence of robust dissipative filters are provided. With the help of linear matrix inequality (LMI) method, robust dissipative delay-dependent filters are designed such that, for all admissible uncertainties and time delays, the resulting filtering error system is robustly stable and satisfies the proposed dissipative performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method can be shown by the simulation example.


Thisstudywas designedto determine whetherspecificcontrol/display associationstereotypesexistinthepopulation whencontrolsand theircorresponding displaysare arrangedsequentially on a two dimensional surface.Thenullhypothesis was testedunderthreecontrol/display configuration conditions by means of a paper andpenciltest administered to 70 male collegestudents.Resultsshowedthata reliablecorrespondence betweenthelocationof thedisplaystimulusandthecontrolresponseexistsinorthogonal, rectangularand alternatearrangementsof controlsanddisplays.


National safe poduction has the characteristic of externality, which consists of the external economy and the external non economy. To overcome the latter and realize the internalization, all kinds of proper forms should be adopted. The first is the form of enterprises, namely to establish the system of modern enterprises in the national defence enterprises, to establish the isolation belt between governments and enterprises, to separate enterprises' ownership from managerial authority, and to make enterprises become the body corperation which operates independently and assumes sole responsibility for its profits or losses. The second is the form of contract market, namely to make the transaction contract between the supply side and the demand side and to define the right and duty of the both sides. This is the most fundamental and important form of the all. The third is the form of vertical integration of projects, which is a form carried out under the condition of the transaction cost of the contract market form being too high, and which can transform the market transaction into the internal transaction of projects in order to save the transaction expenses. The fourth is the form of government adjustment, which is a form carried out under the condition of the internal transaction cost of the project form being too high, and which differs from the traditional govemment one: It strictly distinguishes the authorities of governments, army, and enterprises, and it complements the contract form and the project one. Therefore, it is not the form of mandatory planning and the important transaction one, either.


In recent years, as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the role of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, several studies have been conducted on the use of controlled mixed fermentations with Saccharomyces and different non-Saccharomyces yeast species from the winemaking environment. To benefit from the metabolic particularities of some non-Saccharomyces yeasts, the management of a non-Saccharomyces strain in mixed fermentation is a crucial step, in particular the use of procedures addressed to increase the persistence of non-Saccharomyces strains during the fermentative process. The use of microencapsulation for cell immobilization might represent a strategy for enhancing the competitiveness of non-Saccharomyces yeasts during mixed fermentation. This study was aimed to assess the fermentative performance of a mixed starter culture, composed by a wild Hanseniaspora osmophila strain (ND1) and a commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (EC1118). For this purpose, free and microencapsulated cells of ND1 strain were tested in co-culture with EC1118 during mixed fermentations in order to evaluate the effect of the microencapsulation on fermentative behavior of mixed starter and final wine composition. The data have shown that H. osmophila cell formulation affects the persistence of both ND1 and EC1118 strains during fermentations and microencapsulation resulted in a suitable system to increase the fermentative efficiency of ND1 strain during mixed starter fermentation.


The invention concerns a glass composition for transformation into glass fabric, comprising the following constituents in proportions by weight: SiO2: 55-71 %; Al2O3: > 2 %; MgO: 4-11 % and > 8 % if Al2O3 < 5 %; Na2O: 9-16.5 %; K2O: 4-10 %.


After a histological examination of the compound eye and optic ganglia of several dragonfly nymphal instars (with particular attention given to the last nymphal instar), several observations relative to the postembryonic development of these structures are noted. The nymphal dragonfly compound eye increases in size from instar to instar by the development of new ommatidia from a permanent primitive portion of eye tissue located on the median edge of the original nymphal eye as well as from individual ommatidial growth. Internally adjacent to this zone of developing ommatidial tissue, a portion of the first optic ganglion is also in a constant state of development. The adult dragonfly eye is largely a new structure which develops during the last nymphal instar from primitive anlagen located outside, but connected to the functional nymphal eye. The adult optic ganglia also develop in the last nymphal instar. Development proceeds in two distinct regions, one region giving rise to that portion of the adult ganglion which is found adjacent to the dorsal ommatidia, and the other region riving rise to that portion of the adult ganglion which lies adjacent to the ventral ommatidia. Postembryonic development in insects encompasses the period of time from emergence from the egg to the formation of the adult insect and consists of a series of closely coordinated yet separate processes of structural development and differentiation which finally give rise to the adult organism. However, imaginal regions giving rise to imaginal anlagen are laid clown during embryonic development (Ando, 1957); hence embryonic and postembryonic development are very intimately connected and should not be separated. Perhaps a better term for postembryonic development would be late development. When a hemimetabolous nymph such as the dragonfly hatches, it possesses a functional compound eye. During postembryonic life this compound eye grows from instar to instar and in most hemimetabolous insects reaches its largest and final size after its final nymphal molt. This poses the question of how the increase in size of the eye is accomplished from one nymphal stage to the next. Bodenstein ( 19 53) suggests that increase in nymphal eye size is due mainly to an increase in cell size, i.e., each ommaticlial cell grows without dividing, and in only a few instances is due to an increase in the number of ommatidia. Lew ( 1934) who did an external study of the postembryonic development of the compound eye in Oclonata notes a very definite and regular increase in the number of ommaticlia in addition to the increased ommatidial size as the nymphs aged. Lew's experiments consisted of marking definite spots of the eye region of the nymphal dragonflies by pricking them with a fine needle. lBiology Department, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa.


By Surgeon-Major T. E. B. Brown, Principal, Medical School, Lahore; late Chemical Examiner for the Punjab. Of late years a method of poisoning has been used in some t)<\rta c\f Punjab, which is not described in books. It lias neipany been employed for the destruction of cattle, but in a few cases human beings have been killed in the same way. It consists in the introduction of some irritant poison, usually arsenious acid, or croton tiglium seeds, into the subcutaneous cellular tissue, in the form of a small, hard, conical solid, made up into a thin needle-like shape, about ? an inch long and of


Chemical-looping combustion (CLC), which has the characteristic of greenhouse gas CO2 inherent separation, is a novel combustion technology. In this study, CLC experiments of methane using CaSO4 oxygen carrier with lime addition were carried out in a batched fluidized bed reactor, where the sample was exposed to alternate oxidizing and reducing conditions. The influences of temperature, calcium-to-sulphur ratio and lime particle size on the conversion of CaSO4 and sulfur capture were investigated and a suitable operation condition was determined. Under the optimal operation condition, a multi-cycle test was performed to evaluate the cyclic redox behavior of the limepromoted CaSO4 sample. X-ray diffraction and a field emission scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the phase and surface morphology of the samples used. The results show that the addition of lime could improve the conversion rate of CaSO4 and the capture efficiency of sulfur-containing gases. The operation conditions of calciumto-sulfur ratio 0.8, lime particle size of 180-250 μm and operation temperature of 900 °C turned out to be the optimal conditions. Besides, the average desulphurization rate of lime was up to 78.77% during the cyclic test.


IN its simplest form, the genetic-conflict hypothesis players are alleles at a locus, strategies are the alleles' patterns of expression, and an unbeatable (Hamilton for the evolution of genomic imprinting posits that multiple paternity of a female's offspring, in combina1967) or evolutionarily stable strategy (Maynard Smith and Price 1973) is a pattern of expression, which, when tion with postzygotic maternal care, favors differential expression of maternal and paternal alleles in offspring adopted by most of the alleles in a population, is noninvasible by alternative strategies. The definition of alleles such that the expression of paternal alleles increases the cost of the offspring to its mother, whereas the as players and patterns of expression as strategies means expression of maternal alleles reduces the cost to the that most, if not all, genetic models can be interpreted mother (Haig and Westoby 1989; Moore and Haig as descriptions of games played by genes, even if the 1991; Mochizuki et al. 1996). The hypothesis has often models are not expressed in these terms by their aubeen phrased in terms of effects on offspring growth, thors. This equivalence between game-theoretic and gebut the underlying logic applies to all fitness-related netic models does not exist if individuals, rather than costs to a mother that benefit her offspring, not only genes, are the strategists. those that affect offspring size. In its more general form, For purposes of comparison among models, let an the hypothesis applies to all interactions among relatives allele's strategy be represented by a two-element vector that have different maternal and paternal coefficients {x, y} of which the first element is the allele's level of of relatedness (Haig 1992a, 1997). expression when maternally derived and the second Spencer et al. (1998) have recently presented a series element the allele's level of expression when paternally of diallelic models that appear to contradict key predicderived. An unimprinted strategy occurs when x 5 y tions of the genetic-conflict hypothesis. Specifically, and an imprinted strategy when x ? y. The models of Spencer et al. (1998) argue that multiple paternity is Haig (1996a, 1997) and Mochizuki et al. (1996) treat not necessary for the evolution of imprinting and is x and y as continuous variables and find a strategy {x*, irrelevant for understanding maternal inactivation of y*} that cannot be invaded by alternative strategies {x* 1 growth-enhancing genes. If two well-formed evolutiondx, y*} or {x*, y* 1 dy}. Thus, these models implicitly ary models come to different conclusions, both models select an unbeatable strategy from among an infinite will be correct in their own terms, and their different set of alleles. By contrast, the models of Spencer et al. conclusions must result from different initial assumpconsider only two alleles, imprinted and unimprinted, tions. A choice between the models must then be based and then derive fitness criteria that allow one allele to on each reader's judgment about which set of initial displace the other, or that allow both alleles to coexist assumptions is more appropriate to the question being at a polymorphic equilibrium. These alleles can be repasked. The purpose of this letter is to clarify why Spencer resented by strategies {x, x} and {x, 0} in Spencer et al.'s et al.'s models and the genetic-conflict hypothesis come models of paternal imprinting (i.e., paternal inactivato different conclusions and to argue that diallelic modtion) and {x, x} and {0, x} in their models of maternal els are not appropriate for modeling long-term evoluimprinting. The models do not consider alternative tionary change, although such models are useful for strategies in which there is quantitative, rather than answering questions about short-term changes within qualitative, variation in gene expression. Therefore, x populations. is implicitly a constant rather than a continuous variable. Over the long-term evolutionary time scale, mutation generates many different alleles with different expresCOMPARISON OF MODELS sion levels (including different degrees of imprinting), In the language of evolutionary game theory, the geand these alleles are tested against previously estabnetic-conflict hypothesis describes a game in which the lished alleles by natural selection. The "infinite-strategy" models of Haig (1996a, 1997) seek a monomorphic equilibrium at which the established allele cannot be Address for correspondence: Department of Organismic and Evolutioninvaded by any alternative allele. Thus, these models ary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com emphasize noninvasibility and do not consider the pos-


Copper is one of the major metallic materials together with steel and aluminum. At present, approx. 11 Mt of copper are produced all over the world by electrorefining in sulfuric acid electrolytes. In the last years the current density could be increased to 320-340 A/m 2 by simultaneous improvement of the cathode quality, although the parameters electrolyte and anode quality did not change essentially. This was possible substantially by modifying the cell design, the starter sheets and the optimization of inhibitors and flow control at the electrodes. Further possibilities to optimize this process are described in this paper.


The article represents the explication of some Hegel's ideas with coherence to Hölderlin's philosophical reflections, all of which are dealing with the problem of making more significant the philosophy for the social life especially in the period of the national self-statement and radical cultural transformations on the crossing of the XVIII-th and XIX-th centuries. The communication between Hegel and Hölderlin shows the different ways of making philosophy more available for lower classes of population. Hölderlin's considering on this problem was to make philosophical thinking more sensuous through its transforming into a new rational religion. Hegel perceived solving of this problem in education and teaching without reducing standards of philosophy as a science. The university philosophy with its abstract concepts and systems was criticized by Hölderlin and accepted by Hegel, because his aim was to activate the social and orientation functions of philosophical ideas. The popular philosophy with its metaphorical language was regarded by him as preparing for fundamental philosophical studies. The role of the philosophical lyric in the evolution of German Idealism is analyzed with its impulses for the renewal of philosophical thinking. Hegel shows some risks of symbiosis of the lyric and philosophy such as losing its freedom and turning into a new mythology with eclipse of reason. Hegel emphasizes the role of the grammar of philosophical thinking: its concepts and categories. The dialectical potential of concepts is illustrated on their cunning possibility what might be regarded as opening of closed systems. The adaptation possibilities of this theoretical and practical experience to the Ukrainian social and cultural contexts are regarded. Hegel's interpretation of the dialectical interconnection existing between the philosophical creativity and the philosophical education for the foundation of the philosophical inquiring culture are actual today as well his demand to search for the truth. The causes for explaining Hegel's intuitions about the concept's and reason's cunning are stating in their validity for developing strategies and practices of the spiritual renewal of the Ukrainian society.


to determine and identify priority areas for action Prioritizing areas for action in the field of population-based prevention of childhood obesity: a set of tools for Member States to determine and identify priority areas for action. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Conclusion References Additional sources of information Appendix 1: Analysis grids – scanning tools to identify range of policy areas for action Appendix 2: WHO Stepwise framework for preventing chronic diseases worksheets Appendix 3: ANGELO process worksheets


study evaluated the effects of the water-feed ratio (WFR) and of a rheological sepiolite (Splf, Tolsa SA) on physical parameters of the liquid diet, reliability of liquid feeding systems and performances in growing-finishing units. In exp.1 (23 to 115 kg), 48 pigs per group received ad lib a diet mixed with water in a ratio of 2.8:1 l/kg, or the same diet with 1 % Splf at 2.8:1 or 2.2:1 l/kg. In exp.2 (27 to 69 kg), 36 pigs per group were fed ad lib in a 2x2 factorial study: inclusion or not of 1% Splf and WFR (2.7:1 or 2.35:1 l/kg). From d0 to d21 in exp.1, pigs receiving Splf at a 2.8 or 2.2:1 ratio had higher intakes (FI: respectively 1.64 and 1.64 vs. 1.59 kg/d; p<0.05) and daily gains (ADG: 796 and 798 vs. 772 g/d; p <0.05), as feed conversion ratio was not affected. From d0 to d47, FI (2.08 and 2.11 vs. 2.04 kg/d; p<0.01) and ADG (897 and 905 vs. 886 g/d; not significant) stay higher. From d0 to d15 in exp.2, FI were equal for all diets and ADG of Splf treatments (783 vs. 759 g/d) did not differ statistically. From d0 to d43, ADG and FCR were unchanged by WFR and were slightly but not significantly improved by Splf (ADG: 992 vs. 974 g/d). It was concluded that rheological properties of Splf increased water retention by diet, setting of particles in suspension, fluidity of the liquid mixture, facilitated accuracy of the distribution and a lower WFR, and improved performances of growing pigs.


Media literacy and special education communities have largely ignored the impact of digital media use on special education students with Autism spectrum disorder and Emotional and Behavioral Disorder. This paper investigates the possibility of using social media literacy education as part of an individualized education plan (IEP) intervention for improving the social and emotional learning outcomes of students with disabilities. Using the example of a "provocative selfie" as a form of media production and consumption, this paper provides a framework for using the NAMLE key questions to teach specific CASEL Social and Emotional (SEL) competencies and address IEP goals and objectives of students with social and emotional deficits. By using the key questions of media literacy to teach the CASEL competencies, educators can provide special education students with strategies for analyzing, evaluating, creating, and acting responsibly in the digital world while remediating poor social and emotional skills commonly associated with many social, emotional, and behavioral disorders.


Offloading heavy virtual reality (VR) computational operations to a network edge computation entity is receiving increasing attention as a tool to wirelessly and energy efficiently provide low-end client devices with high-quality and immersive interactive VR services anytime and anywhere across the globe. In this work, we aim to provide an understanding of various characteristics of VR computation offloading through comprehensive experiments conducted using a prototype testbed for edge-assisted VR processing and streaming. First, we investigate the benefits of VR offloading in terms of computational load and power consumption reduction for a client device compared to standalone operation. Next, we measure VR traffic patterns, including frame size and data and packet rates with various settings, such as different resolution and encoding options. We also measure several performance metrics associated with the quality of experience, namely, frame rate, packet loss rate, and image quality, with various configuration settings. Then, we present latency measurement studies and investigate per-component latency with various settings. Furthermore, we report the rigorous experiments performed to study the impacts of latency and motion patterns on the black borders formed due to image reprojection and the overfilling technique used to eliminate these black borders.


The reason for the current paper is to concentrate fair and square of CSR drives take by the Indian organizations and its effect on the presentation of the organizations. For this reason the presentation is estimated as far as monetary boundaries as well as execution in the securities exchange. However there are a few ventures in the Indian corporate area, the oil and Gas industry is considered as one of the profoundly dirtying ventures. to dissect the linkage between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Initiatives with Monetary as well as market Performance. The review depends on optional information, gathered from PROWESS an information base of CMIE. In the examination, at first the year-wise degree of CSR drives of chosen organization was estimated. To Calculate CSP score of an organization, three key boundaries were thought of. They are, CSR appraisals given by - the organization's distribution of asset for CSR exercises in the Budget lastly the area of center made by the organization in their CSR exercises or inclusion. In the current review CSR Activities have been ordered into Medical services, Education, Environment, Rural turn of events and Other Local area Welfare exercises.


Young though it may be as a professional field, African American literary studies has at least one problem in common with the literature it examines. While the scholars and authors that create both have their own rich, nuanced, and autonomous views, the larger profession or polity in which they exist inevitably affects their tenor. This is hardly news. We have long known that African American literature has developed under white gazes or legitimating authorities, while the academy by definition frames literary studies within its bounds. To continue rehearsing these facts would be insulting to the reader already familiar with the field. I begin with this brief reminder to highlight the moral imperative that guides the current issue's contributions. Though they focus upon contemporary African American literature, the authors write of problems that may be found in some form throughout the literature's history, but that are made more urgent in view of contemporary events: the rise of privately owned penitentiaries; the swelling prison population; the dearth of viable economic opportunities for African Americans, especially the youth; the rash of African Americans shot by police and private citizens without any punishment for the shooters; the rise of Black Lives Matter as a result of those


In the past 10 years, preeminent achievements and outstanding progress have been achieved on sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs). Early work on SICs focussed more on the electrochemical performance. While it is easy to confirm which specific electrodes exhibit excellent properties, it is difficult to understand the mechanisms which are most promising for the next generation of SICs. From the early research in supercapacitors iterations to the present well‐developed Na‐ion batteries, the evolution of the controversial pseudocapacitive mechanism for SICs has been full of breakthroughs and back tracing steps. Moreover, as the research has progressed and the interests have changed, different emphases on the different subdisciplines (cell configurations, flexible devices, and presodiation technologies) have increased. In this review, first, the electric double layer mechanism, battery‐type mechanism, and the controversial pseudocapacitance mechanism are systematically analyzed and compared. Subsequently, mechanism‐oriented SICs cell configurations with different cathode and anode mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, the characteristics and features of electrode materials in different SICs cell configurations are summarized. Finally, key technologies and possible future developments are discussed. This review summarizes SICs from a broad and macro perspective from mechanisms to cell configurations, from cathodes to anodes, and from history to future, and offers a deep understanding of SICs devices.


In order to track, acquire and maintain a free-space optical link between mobile platforms experiencing misalignment due to movement and atmospheric turbulence requires a different approach than traditional free-space optical transceivers. Recent investigations of alternative receiver configurations found that a lens array performed better than a collimator array as a light collector, and compared methods for summing light collected from different lenses in the array. This paper reports on experimental investigations of receiver performance for a coupling lens array at the front end and an aspheric-lens based summing approach at the back end. The receiver performance is evaluated using two different transmission systems, including a SONET bit-error-rate tester. Key evaluation parameters include the received power and achieved bit-error rate. Measurements are made under perfect alignment and under a variety of misalignment conditions. The investigation finds that size of the lenses used in the array, which dictates the number of collecting fibers used, impacts the effectiveness of the receiver and of the summing approach. Both a single lens and multiple lens solution are evaluated for implementing the summing function. Optimization of the summing optics is required for the receiver to be effective for high data rate communication.


Lithium metal (Li) is a highly promising anode for next-generation rechargeable due to its high specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and low negative electrochemical potential (-3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). However, the issues such as high reactivity with electrolyte, infinite volume expansion, and uneven Li plating/stripping, cause low Coulombic efficiency, unstable growth of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), and lithium dendrites. SEI plays an important role in the stabilization of lithium metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Here we report a polymeric inorganic composite coatings (PICC) on the Celgard separator to regulate the Li-ion transport during charge/discharge of the battery. Such coatings enable uniformly deposition of Li, form a stable SEI film and in turn improve the electrochemical performance of the rechargeable batteries. Firstly, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Li6.03La3Zr1.75Nb0.25Al0.24O12 (LLZO) were mixed at a mass ratio of 1:2, 1:1 and 1:2 in DMF, respectively. Afterwards the mixtures were coated onto the Celgard separator using doctor blades. In the carbonate-based electrolyte, the cycle life of Li‖Cu batteries with coating (PVDF:LLZO=1:2) increases from 30 cycles for uncoated batteries to 120 cycles of and a high Coulomb Efficiency of 96% is achieved. Moreover, when a high mass loading of 15 mg/cm2 NCM811 is chosen as cathodes, the Li‖NCM811 batteries using the PICC exhibit decent rate and cycling performance. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention at 0.2C of 94% is obtained, and the specific capacity is still 191 mAh/g. These results indicate that PICC can improve the electrochemical performance of Li anodes for high-energy rechargeable lithium metal batteries.


Building embedded languages in Prolog is considered, with special attention given to expert system shells. The paradigm of metaprogramming of which building embedded languages is an example, is discussed. Interpreters for embedded languages are reviewed with emphasis on metainterpreters. Two applications, explanation and uncertainty reasoning are presented, and the techniques that were used in their construction are discussed.<<ETX>>


The goal of this study was to refine our understanding of disease risk attributable to common genetic variation in SNCA, a major locus in Parkinson disease, with potential implications for clinical trials targeting α‐synuclein. We aimed to dissect the multiple independent association signals, stratify individuals by SNCA‐specific risk profiles, and explore expression quantitative trait loci.


Thin films of amorphous germanium-carbon alloy (Ge 1-x C x ) were obtained by sputtering germanium and carbon targets with argon in radio-frequency magnetron sputtering equipment. The films with the same value of x had some differences in structure depending on deposition conditions. For a radio-frequency power of 50 W, the film mainly exhibited Ge-C bonds and showed the maximum energy gap for each composition x. For higher values of radio-frequency power, however, the film included excess germanium clusters which gave a lower value in energy gap.


The utility model relates to an automatic water-heater system with multi-heat-source, which comprises a solar collector, a storage tank, a heating exchanger mounted on the base of the storage tank and a water-uptake pipe connected with the top part. The utility model relates to characterized in that hot-water cyclic pipes, a auto-controller, temperature sensors and water level sensors connecting with the input terminals of the auto-controller, a electromagnetic valve, a hot-water cyclic pump, a heat-collecting cyclic pump and an electromagnetic pipe heater separately connecting with the output terminals of the auto-controller are comprised; the electromagnetic pipe heater and the hot-water cyclic pump are arranged successively and separately on the hot-water cyclic pipes closing to outlet of the storage tank; the electromagnetic valve is positioned on water pipes. The utility model has the advantages of intelligent automatic control, multi-heat-source superiority complementary, automatic conversion, automatic watering, and hot-water supply in 24 hours all-day.


—This paper presents Transhumance a middleware supporting peer-to-peer applications on pocket PC-based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Transhumance provides full communication and deployment facilities as well as complete and extended data sharing facilities. It also addresses two missing points in the existing middleware: security and power management. It targets small networks of up to 20 mobile nodes.


As science teachers, should we be concerned about the falling standards of literacy regularly reported in the press? Do these alleged falling standards have any impact on how we should be teaching science? The aim of this research was to investigate how enhanced literacy provision in the context of a science lesson can improve performance in science. The research showed that students achieved significantly better results where they received additional literacy support. There was a corresponding improvement in engagement in lessons. Data were collected by assessing the students' work, lesson observations and test results. This article outlines that research and the conclusions, together with suggestions as to how additional literacy may be incorporated into lessons.


Fully commercial exploitation of graphene properties through its integration in the Si-dominated electronic technologies needs to reach challenging growth and processing standards. Indeed, fabrication and subsequent processing of graphene using current methodologies, such as chemical vapor deposition oriented to industrial fabrication, require discriminating and assessing strain and corrugation in order to achieve practical use. For the first time, a combination of ab initio simulations and experimental hyperspectral near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) data was successfully employed to monitor mechanical deformation in graphene (i.e., strain and corrugation) at wafer-scale dimensions. Notably, this innovative assessment offers promise towards wafer-scale characterization to inform industrial manufacturing. To this end, the first study presented in this thesis examines the atomic sensitivity to corrugation of the dichroic ratio, orbital vector approximation, and unsupervised machine learning methods. Significantly, the orbital vector approach proved to be the method with the highest sensitivity as reflected by the measured α parameter, which also strongly depends on the frequency of the defects. In the second study of this thesis, a new methodology to assess strain with the aid of theoretical samples taken as standards is presented. The most significant results are its accurate strain estimation of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene on Cu substrates and reasonably accurate estimation of transferred multilayers of graphene onto SiC substrates. In the last study, a method to simulate characteristic angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra (spectral fingerprints) of representative topological defects on graphene is presented and proves to effectively analyze the correlation between the spatial extent of the defect and its spectral fingerprints. This theoretical database of point defects can contribute to the analysis and interpretation of complex experimental spectroscopic data.


Selective hydrogenation of acetylene alcohols is widely used in fine organic synthesis in production of fragrances, biologically active compounds and fat-soluble vitamins. Palladium is well known to be the most selective catalyst for hydrogenation of triple -С≡Сbond of alkynols. Historically, Lindlar suggested Pd/CaCO3 catalyst modified with lead acetate and quinoline, which allows up to 95% selectivity at nearly 100% conversion in triple bond hydrogenation. However, the application of these modifiers leads to pollution of target products. The use of polymeric matrices as supports allows achieving high activity and selectivity without the necessity of the use of toxic modifiers as well as providing the possibility of stabilization of Pd-containing species inside polymer nanostructures. Functionalized polymers, especially nitrogen-containing ones, were shown to be the most promising ones from the point of view of provision of high metal dispersion, improvement of reactant diffusion into the pores and facilitation of interaction between polymer and metal nanoparticles (NPs). It is noteworthy that free electron doublet of nitrogen in the amino groups can be involved in binding of Pd2+ ions from the precursor solution that likely results in more uniform distribution of Pd precursor inside the polymer along with prevention of Pd leaching. Besides, more rapid reduction of Pd2+ ions to Pd0 with formation of Pd NPs can be found. In the framework of this study the series of Pd-containing catalysts based on polyamines (1%-Pd/PA) was synthesized via conventional wet-impregnation method at variation of PA type (molecular weight, existence of additional functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -PO(OH)2, etc.), cross-linking degree hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity) while using Pd acetate as a precursor. All the synthesized catalysts were tested in hydrogenation of


In China,the liability for compensation in automobile-related traffic accidents includes automobile holders'infringement liability for compensation beyond their insurance liability limit and insurers'insurance liability for compensation within their insurance liability limit. The former takes the balancing of equity and efficiency as the starting point in determining the doctrine of liability fixation,which is beneficial to achieving a balance of interests for all parties. The latter lets insurers bear obligations for insurance;In compulsory liability insurance in automobile-related traffic accidents,insurers shall perform their obligations according to the compensation doctrine of"limitation with no fault"once traffic accidents happen. This insurance can help victims get quick and effective remedies,and in actual effect,shrink due to its defects.


: Background: Patients with Hemoglobin disorders have weak immune system. Patients with sickle cell have auto-splenectomy and use hydroxyurea treatment which could cause further immunosuppression. This fact is thought to increases the risk of acquiring COVID 19 infection specially if they were older and have other co-morbid illnesses as diabetes or cancer. At April 12, 2020 Ministry of health shared the first version of Rapid Response Guidelines on COVID19 in Sickle Cell Disease. The guideline was based on expert opinion since no studies have been published to study this special population. Aim: To study prevalence and clinical features of hospitalized patients with hemoglobinopathies and confirmed COVID-19 in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two major hospitals in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia from March 2020 to September 2020. Data for patients with confirmed COVID19 and hemoglobinopathy were collected from electronic medical files. descriptive and analytic inferential statistics was conducted. Results: There were 1122 patients (700 from King Fahad Hospital in Al-Hassa and 422 from Dammam Hospital) admitted due COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2020. Among them, 43 patients had been diagnosed with hemoglobinopathy, giving an overall prevalence rate of 3.83%. The most common type of hemoglobin disorder was sickle cell disease (53.5%) followed by sickle cell trait (27.9%). mean duration of hospital stay was 18.7 (SD 43.5) days. it was observed that the duration of hospital stay of patients who were taking antiviral medication (p=0.009) and hydroxychloroquine (p=0.019) were significantly longer. Conclusion: Saudi Arabia showed higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection in patients with hemoglobinopathies in comparison to other countries worldwide. This is ought to the fact that Eastern province is one of the most prevalent areas for patients hemoglobinopathies. researchers found that despite a large population of patients with hemoglobinopathies in our area, COVID 19 patients with SCD or thalassemia who required hospital care, oxygenation or ICU admission were less than the non-hemoglobinopathies patients.


A structure consisting of quasi-laminar and turbulent regions in a stripe pattern, which can be found in a transitional plane channel flow, is called 'turbulent stripe'. In this work, its formation from a turbulent spot has been investigated using a direct numerical simulation in a relatively large-scale computational domain of Lx × Ly × Lz = 731.4δ × 2δ × 365.7δ. We found that a spot developed into the turbulent stripes, as the spot split in the spanwise direction and took in the form of V-shape. Quasi-laminar and turbulent regions coexist inside the spot and each region became multiple V-shape. Several branching turbulent regions expanded from the edge of the spot and parallel to each other obliquely to the streamwise direction with an angle of about 30°. It was also found that the branching turbulent region gave rise to oblique waves at their edges.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Abstract : Aims. We study the formation and evolution of a failed filament eruption observed in NOAA active region 11121 near the southeast limb on November 6, 2010. Methods. We used a time series of SDO/AIA 304, 171, 131, 193, 335, and 94 images, SDO/HMI magnetograms, as well as ROSA and ISOON H_ images to study the erupting active region. Results. We identify coronal loop arcades associated with a quadrupolar magnetic configuration, and show that the expansion and cancellation of the central loop arcade system over the filament is followed by the eruption of the filament. The erupting filament reveals a clear helical twist and develops the same sign of writhe in the form of inverse 298-shape. Conclusions. The observations support the magnetic breakout process in which the eruption is triggered by quadrupolar reconnection in the corona. We propose that the formation mechanism of the inverse -shape flux rope is the magnetohydrodynamic helical kink instability. The eruption has failed because of the large-scale, closed, overlying magnetic loop arcade that encloses the active region.


Based on the remote sensing and hydrologic data and in combining with the characteristics of arid area,a landscape classification system for Ili River Delta was established.In the meantime,by the methods of quantitative analysis in landscape ecology and the simulation method with CA_Markov model,the landscape change pattern in the Delta from 1975 to 2007 and the scenarios simulation landscape pattern in 2020 were analyzed.Under the effects of anthropogenic activities and environmental factors,the landscape change pattern in 1975-2007 presented definite periodicity and instability.In 1990-2007,the landscape change accorded with the applied conditions of CA_Markov model;in 2020,the predicated landscape pattern showed severe patch fragmentation,the landscape connectivity tended to be weakened,and the spatiotemporal change patterns of the landscapes closely related to water,such as lake,marsh,and floodplain,were of great uncertainty.There was a significant differentiation between the predicated landscape patterns in 2020 based on the 1990-2000 and 2000-2007 probabilistic transfer matrixes.The variation degrees and expression forms of different landscapes also differed,due to the discrepancy and instability of natural conditions,as well as the different change ways and directions of landscape types in 1900-2000 and 2000-2007.


Leading Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) vendors are offering new tools and solutions allowing co-ordination through centralized planning and control of the overall Supply Chain (SC); yet there are many SCs made up of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in which such an approach is not viable, since the components of the chain are not willing to give up their planning autonomy for co-ordination's sake; moreover, information privacy is also an issue. In this paper, a Multi Agent System (MAS) architecture is presented, aiming to improve planning co-ordination in networks of independent enterprises.


ABSTRACT The history of Christian Science is characterized by rapid growth and subsequent decline. Almost two decades ago, Rodney Stark concluded that the movement was a 'dismal failure' and might not even survive another generation. Richard Singelenberg drew attention to the importance of including consideration of the role of the Church's doctrinal and financial controversies as possible determinants of the movement's present and future development. Indeed, after these controversies in the 1990s, the Mother Church has attempted to move on and stabilize itself. Today, Christian Science continues to decline overall, in terms of the number of churches, societies, and practitioners, but the Church is still in existence and likely will be for the foreseeable future. Two main reasons for this are addressed—increased financial capital and some growth in some countries of the global south, which has slowed the general decline. This research note briefly explores these developments and some recent activities of the Church to provide an overview of the movement in the twenty-first century.


We detail how resource estimates should be made for large scale, error corrected computation. We detail the series of steps needed when compiling algorithms and illustrate how to estimate the qubit/time requirements of any computation.


Syst. China Trial aimed to determine whether titrated antihypertensive treatment could reduce the risk of stroke incidence and other cardiovascular complications among 2,298 older Chinese patients (> or = 60) with isolated systolic hypertension. The data from 3 years follow-up showed that the blood pressure reduction was 7/2 mmHG more in the active treatment group than in the placebo group. Whether this blood pressure reduction results in a clinically meaningful decrease of cardiovascular complications is still under investigation.


The present study seeks to investigate the attitudes of Moroccan EFL learners (MEFLLs) towards different varieties of English speech (World Englishes (WE)). The study utilises a direct method of attitude measurement as the study's participants are directly asked about their own explicit attitudes towards six English varieties of English speech[1] (namely, American English, British English, Indian English, Filipino English, Japanese English and Thai English). A sample of 544 MEFLLs was recruited in the study. The findings of the study show that MEFLLs' attitudes towards varieties of English are aligned, to some extent, with those of previous studies conducted elsewhere (Jindapitak & Teo, 2012; Chien, 2018; Almegren, 2017). For example, it was found that MEFLLs, on the one hand, prefer Inner Circle Englishes (ICE) over Outer Circle Englishes (OCE) and Outer Circle Englishes over Expanding Circle Englishes (ECE) on the other hand. Another interesting finding is that the participants surveyed are already aware of English language variation, and they are willing to learn more about the different varieties of English spoken worldwide. Generally speaking, the Moroccan context seems to be a fertile setting for the discussion of World Englishes-related issues as the participants do, in fact, recognise and appreciate the sociolinguistic variation exhibited in the English language. The study concludes with a number of pedagogical implications for the choice of linguistic model(s) to be employed in EFL classrooms both inside and outside Morocco.

[1] American English, AmE; British English, BrE; Indian English, InE; Filipino English, FiE; Japanese English, JpE; Thai English, ThE