Iona, Tara and Soissons. The origin of the royal anointing ritual. By Michael J . Enright. (Arbeiten zur Fruhmittelalterforschung, 17.) Pp. ix+198. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1985. DM 114. 3 11 010628 o As its title suggests, this book sets out to prove that the anointing of Pippin in the church of St Medard at Soissons in 751 followed a model derived from Irish sources. It opens with a discussion of the celebrated passage in the third book of Adomnan's Vita Columbae, where the saint's 'ordination' of Aidan is described. Dr Enright quite rightly argues that Aidan was not actually 'ordained' in 574; rather, he attempts to demonstrate that Adomnan was prescribing his own model for the ' ordination' of a contemporary king. Such an interpretation fails to take account of the fact that the third book of the Vita is devoted to angelic visions of spiritual, rather than of physical, reality. Dr Enright is reduced to claiming that, because an angel held the liber vitreus on the 'ordination' of kings in his hand, and then gave it to Columba, the book, at least, must have been real and tangible. Therefore, he infers, the whole account represents Adomnan's prescription for the physical form of a contemporary royal inauguration. Given this style of argument, it comes as no surprise that Dr Enright claims that, because the word ' ordinatio' might be used in a contemporary source the Collectio canonum Hibemensis to describe the Old Testament inauguration of a king, including anointing, then it must mean anointing in the Vita too. Having thus demonstrated that the Vita gave an account of Columba's anointing of Aidan, he proceeds with only the occasional admission of difficulty or moment of self-doubt to argue that Adomnan modelled the passage on the description of Saul's anointing in 1 Kings, because the idea of royal anointing could only have been derived from that source. Another remarkable piece of reasoning leads the author to assert that the only possible grounds for Adomnan's hostility to the memory of Aid Dub mac Suibni, who had killed Diarmait mac Cerbaill, the Ui Neill king of Tara in 565, was the biblical precept on the inviolability of God's anointed. He concludes that Adomnan conceived of Diarmait as an anointed king.


Speech Recognition is a rapidly expanding field with many useful applications in manmachine interfacing. One of the main benefits of speech control is the flexibility and ease of use allowed an operator for any number of specific applications. Speech recognition units (SRU) are currently at a high level of accuracy for user dependent, pretrained, isolated word recognition. However, if uncontrollable noise is added to the speech input, recognition degrades rapidly. If the application requires a vast set of control words to be used by many operators, then, there can be inconsistencies in recognition. The specific application of this study is the secondary control (ie. non-critical control) of heavy machinery (in particular a caterpillar tractor) using an operator speech interface. The inherent problem of this application is the environmental background noise due to the tractor. It is also important that a robust vocabulary is selected so that no misrecognition occurs between critical control words. In order to add speech input for control of machines in a harsh environment there are two considerations: 1. The reduction of noise from the input speech signal. 2. The selection of a robust vocabulary dependent upon the specific operator and the specific SRU. This study investigates many different types of noise reduction filters, including traditional Wiener, Power Spectral Subtraction and Gaussian filters. The results show that the best types of noise reduction filters are adaptive optimization filters which use two input signals or the Power Spectral Subtraction (PSS) filter. It is possible to


A preliminary work on symptom name recognition from free-text clinical records (FCRs) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is depicted in this paper. This problem is viewed as labeling each character in FCRs of TCM with a pre-defined tag ("B-SYC", "I-SYC" or "O-SYC") to indicate the character's role (a beginning, inside or outside part of a symptom name). The task is handled by Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) based on two types of features. The symptom name recognition F-Measure can reach up to 62.829% with recognition rate 93.403% and recognition error rate 52.665% under our experiment settings. The feasibility and effectiveness of the methods and reasonable features are verified, and several interesting and helpful results are shown. A detailed analysis for recognizing symptom names from FCRs of TCM is presented through analyzing labeling results of CRFs.


After analyzing the roots of theory of urban space decentralization,this paper thinks its idea of decentralization makes against to correspond the conflict between the development of city and saving soil in the lack of soil resources.Hereby,it advances the ways to correspond the conflict in the theory of organic concentration.Its basic idea is concentration firstly or not decentralization under condition of the lack of soil resources.Cities are centralized in the region and decentralized based on decentralization in the interior of cities.And it brings up the organizing frame of using soil of urban function baseing on the theory of organic concentration.Finally,the urban development of Jiaxing is studied in organic concentration theory.


In this paper, the ripple phenomenon, mechanism and its solutions on TFT‐LCD are discussed. We did many experiments and made many mock‐up modules to find the root cause of ripple and check its correctness. All ofthat are for better panel design and solve the ripple defect thoroughly.


During the past year the CEROS program has funded a project to implement a broadband "real time" signal processing and propagation modeling suite at the Maui Supercomputing Center (MSC) that could be run via a Web-based user interface described by Gever and Fabozzi (see Oceans 2001 Conference, 2001). This processing suite takes advantage of the parallel computational resources at MSC, specifically the IBM SP2 multinode processor as well as PC clusters currently being brought on board or developed at MSC and SAIC. Our processing suites are a logical application of such machines because of the highly parallel nature of our codes which can typically be decomposed by frequency, space, or time. Our typical problem for which we demonstrated a "real time" throughput was for a 30 element array, a search volume of 90 degrees in bearing, 0 km to 10 km in range, and 0 to 100 meters in depth. This was done for a 100 Hz signal bandwidth.


ABSTRACT The principle of modular production has been applied internally by companies since the 1960s. Innovative companies in the automotive industry are now experimenting with the application of the concept in a supply chain setting. Modular production makes it possible to further involve both distributors and suppliers in the manufacturing process and create a new tier of suppliers: the "zero-level suppliers". Expected benefits of the increased (physical) integration in the inbound and the outbound flow of goods are increased responsiveness to customers and preserved efficiency. It can be questioned, however, to what extent OEMs can increase the amount of control over operational activities based on networking, as opposed to control based on ownership, without becoming an "empty" design and marketing company.


Cyclic acetals were synthesized from n-butyl aldehyde and propylene glycol using SnCl_2 as a catalyst.It was determined by orthogonality experiment that the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: n-butyl aldehyde was 200 mmol, n(aldehyde) ∶n(glycol) was 1.0 ∶1.5,SnCl_2 was 3 g,the yield was 75.35%.The yields of other cyclic acetals were between 62.18%~81.90% by fluxing for 1 h under the optimal reaction conditions.The catalyst can be reused.


We propose a simple but practical methodology for the quantification of correlation risk in the context of credit derivatives pricing and credit valuation adjustment (CVA), where the correlation between rates and credit is often uncertain or unmodelled. We take the rates model to be Hull–White (normal) and the credit model to be Black–Karasinski (lognormal). We summarise recent work furnishing highly accurate analytic pricing formulae for credit default swaps (CDS) including with defaultable Libor flows, extending this to the situation where they are capped and/or floored. We also consider the pricing of contingent CDS with an interest rate swap underlying. We derive therefrom explicit expressions showing how the dependence of model prices on the uncertain parameter(s) can be captured in analytic formulae that are readily amenable to computation without recourse to Monte Carlo or lattice-based computation. In so doing, we crucially take into account the impact on model calibration of the uncertain (or unmodelled) parameters.


In this paper, we give upper bounds for the rate-distortion function (RDF) of any Gaussian vector, and we propose coding strategies to achieve such bounds. We use these strategies to reduce the computational complexity of coding Gaussian asymptotically wide sense stationary (AWSS) autoregressive (AR) sources. Furthermore, we also give sufficient conditions for AR processes to be AWSS.


The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) were used to detect G. Lamblia Copro-antigens. Rabbit antisera raised against Giardia trophozoites and cysts were used as anti-Giardia antibodies. The overall sensitivity of the ELISA was 96.15% and its specificity was 93.48% in contrast to 69.23% and 82.61% for the CIEP.


This chapter considers whether the move to the Ethel Lawrence Homes (EHL)—and the improved neighborhood conditions it enabled—were sufficient to change the trajectory of people's lives. Systematic comparisons between project residents and members of the nonresident control group indicated significant improvements in mental health, economic independence, and children's educational outcomes as a result of moving into the project. It discusses whether residents have been able to use the safe setting of the EHL as a platform for broader success in life—whether inhabiting a secure, nonthreatening environment indeed provided residents with a springboard to move onward and upward on the socioeconomic ladder. By moving into the EHL in Mount Laurel, Jersey, low- and moderate-income families from throughout the region were able to trade inferior housing in high-poverty, predominantly minority, city neighborhoods for well-appointed town houses located in an affluent white suburb. In doing so, they dramatically lowered their exposure to social disorder and violence and reduced the frequency with which they experienced negative life events; and these benefits did not come at the cost of social interactions with family members or access to essential services. As a bonus, evidence suggests that residents may even have experienced an increase in interaction with neighbors as a result of the move.


Asian dust storms carry a large amount of particles from desert areas. The aim of this study is to retrieve data by sampling under different atmospheric conditions such as sand-blowing and dust storm in Lanzhou. The rules of particle size distribution under different conditions were also obtained, with the conclusion that PM10 can be inhaled into the lung of people and other animals, doing harm to their health.


Accurate counts of aircraft operations at unmonitored or partially monitored general aviation airports are difficult to achieve, but they are important because of their effect on the allocation of federal and state airport improvement funds. Impediments to correctly counting aircraft operations include inaccuracies related to the acoustic counters that are commonly used to collect data and errors in the statistical procedures that extrapolate the sample data into meaningful counts. In response to these impediments, the authors developed a measurement technique that uses data from aircraft transponders to determine the occurrence of aircraft operations at these airports. To validate the accuracy of this technique, operations counts calculated from its use at a general aviation airport in the state of Indiana were compared with those obtained from the FAA's Air Traffic Activity Data System database, which contains official operations data reported by airports with towers. This comparison, which was conducted using data for April 2016, indicated that the new technology provided values within 5% of the 7,837 total operations reported by tower operators. The transponder signal–counting technology thus appears to be an effective and inexpensive means of establishing accurate operations counts not only at these airports but potentially at the more than 2,800 of the 3,331 airports in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems that lack associated air traffic control towers.


SUMMARY A 50–fold increase in peach tree growth over a 98-day spraying season resulted in a 64 and 96% reduction in nigrosine dye deposit in the periphery and centre of the tree, respectively. Drift from spraying of adjacent rows made a significant contribution (18–39%) to the total chemical deposit in the tree periphery in four of six applications. Drift between rows was not a factor in centre tree deposit, except for a 38% contribution in the initial application. A variable reduced application rate of methyl parathion, calculated using a regression equation, resulted in a more uniform deposit throughout the season than a full application rate, providing comparable control of Oriental fruit moth with c. 50% less insecticide.


We propose a method for building a spoken-language text corpus for a spoken- language system. Conventional methods to build a new corpus include transcribing re- corded conversations, collecting text from existing documents, or writing original texts. However, these often have difficulties, such as insufficient corpus size and low cost effec- tiveness, when preparing the text data in the applied system's domain. To address these is- sues, we have developed a method that uses "germ dialogs," which are short-scripted dia- logs that enable writers to continue or replace them in a logical sequence that sounds natu- ral. This enables the corpus size to be proliferated in a cost-effective manner. Our results show that the proposed method can be used to create higher degree of adequateness for the system's domain than conventional methods. The text data collected for the proposed method are used to generate a language model for our speech translation system between English and Japanese.


CuPc thin films on Al2O3 substrates fabricated by using vacuum evaporation deposition method have been investigated at different conditions such as different deposition rate,different thickness and different substrate temperature.Features of the CuPc thin films were measured by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and UV-Vis spectrophotometer technology.Results show that the particle size of CuPc films decreases with the deposition rate increasing,and the thicker the film is,the higher the crystallinity is.The phase transition of the CuPc films occurs around 250 ℃,so that structures of the films change from the original meta-stable α-CuPc into stable β-CuPc crystal structure.The crystal structure of CuPc thin films is transformed from orthorhombic α-phase to monoclinic β-phase.


By conventionalwisdom dating back to the genesisof the Internet,TCP is not suitablefor realtime applicationsbecauseit favors reliability over timeliness. The result hasbeena proliferation of application-specificandcandidatereal-timetransportprotocols,noneof which hasachievedthematurity andacceptanceof TCP. To our knowledge,therehasnot beenmuchprior study to ask the basic engineeringquestion:What changesin TCP andits usewould be requiredto allow it to be usedfor real-timenetwork applicationsof interest? In this paper , we investigateexactly this question.Our testbed-based andpublic Internetexperiment resultsshow that thecombinationof a relatively modestextensionto TCP, whatwe call real-timemode (RTM), andseveralapplicationtechniquesallow real-timeapplicationsto operatewell over TCP, making all the benefitsof TCP, including error recovery, availableto the real-timeapplicationdevelopers. TheTCP-RTM approachalsoleadsto real-timeapplicationsthatareresponsi ve to network congestion, sharingthenetwork resourcesfairly with otherTCPapplications.


Synthetic aperture radar tomography (TomoSAR) at different radar wavelength can be used to measure different structural elements of forests. In this letter, we compared the airborne P- and L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomograms and TomoSAR-measured canopy height model (CHM) and above-ground biomass (AGB) over a tropical forest in Lopé, Gabon. The SAR data sets were acquired by German Aerospace Center (DLR)'s F-SAR system during the AfriSAR2016 campaign. First, the Weighted covariance fitting-based Iterative Spectral Estimator (WISE) was applied to obtain tomograms. CHM was then retrieved based on the canopy phase center derived from the tomograms. Finally, AGB was estimated via an empirical logarithmic model developed from field measurements and the tomographic backscatter power of vegetation layers between 40 and 50 m above ground. Compared with the classical approaches of Capon and Wavelet-based Compressed Sensing, the WISE method can achieve better resolution with higher computational efficiency and reduce the ambiguity level of L-band tomograms successfully. The experimental results also show that there is no substantial difference between P- and L-band TomoCHM, while P-band tomographic intensity is more sensitive than the L-band for the inversion of tropical forest AGB at a resolution of 50 m $\times $ 50 m.


The high turnover rates among teachers, particularly novice teachers, is a significant problem in the field of education. This study examines the relationship between teacher turnover and a construct found in organizational literature -job embeddedness. Job embeddedness is the extent to which an employee connects socially and emotionally to their job and the community in which they work. Data from 143 elementary, middle, and high school novice teachers in three Central California school districts in the San Joaquin Valley indicate that the degree to which teachers are connected to their schools and communities is a substantial factor in whether new teachers stay or leave. The use of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified a correlation between embeddedness and retention. The findings suggest that job embeddedness is a useful construct for better understanding novice teacher turnover. Further, practical implications of this study suggest that efforts to enhance the social and emotional links between novice teachers, their jobs and surrounding community may help stem the high turnover rate among new teachers.


Synthesis of aliphatic polyesters has been studied intensively due to their biocompatible and biodegradable properties and their applications in medical and agricultural fields. Among them, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is a naturally occurring polymer, is synthesized by a variety of bacteria and algae. However, this polymer has poor mechanical properties due to its brittleness. Herein is presented a practical route to a highly syndiotactic PHB by way of a one-pot reaction. We report the results of a comprehensive investigation of the newly discovered stereoselective and controlled polymerization of racemic β-butyrolactone (rac-BBL) using an initiator prepared in situ from yttrium(III) isopropoxide Y(OiPr)3, and a bisphenoxide ligand. DFT studies on the alkoxide catalyst reveal that the R and S monomers are almost equivalent for the first ring-opening reaction. The selectivity of the next insertion was scrutinized, demonstrating that the polymerization process is predicted to be stationary (back-side insertion).


Cloud computing is a suitable computing paradigm that delivers scalable resources for big data sciences to support ever-increasing scientific applications. However, it has become more challenging with a massive and heterogeneous pool of resources, which calls for an efficient and effective resource provisioning strategy to decide the number and type of resources in order to meet certain quality of service (QoS) requirements. Moreover, when to lease or release the resources in clouds is also crucial for maximizing overall resource utilization, reducing energy consumption as well as monetary cost. In this work, we propose a novel heuristic algorithm based on genetic operators and non-dominance sorting, named Pareto Dominance for Makespan, Cost and Energy (PDMCE), to efficiently assign scientific workflows with intricate inter-task dependencies to cloud resources to reduce total execution time, monetary cost, and energy consumption. In our experiments, PDMCE demonstrates the best performance with a smaller computational time among all three algorithms in comparison.


Seismic methods are often used for detection of pre-collapsed sinkholes (voids) under roadway for remediation to minimize the risk to the safety of the traveling public. While the active-source seismic methods can provide accurate subsurface profiles, they require closing the traffic flow for hours during testing and potentially cause sinkhole collapse due to ground perturbation by source excitation. To address these issues, we present a new 2D ambient noise tomography (2D ANT) method for imaging voids under roadway. Instead of using the approximated Green's function, whose required assumption of energy balance at both sides of each receiver pair is rarely satisfied, the cross-correlation function of traffic noise recordings is inverted directly to obtain velocity structures. To adopt the concepts of seismic interferometry and derive the model structural kernel, passing-by vehicles are assumed as moving sources along the receiver array. The source power-spectrum density is determined via the reverse-time imaging approach to approximate the source distribution. The 2D ANT method is first demonstrated on a realistic synthetic model with the accurate recovery of the model variable layers and a buried void. To demonstrate its effectiveness to the real-world problems, we successfully applied it to field data for assessment of a repaired sinkhole under the US441 highway, Florida, USA. The field experimental result shows that the method is capable of resolving the subsurface S-wave velocity ( VS) structure and detecting a low-velocity anomaly. The inverted VS profile from the 2D ANT generally agrees with that of 2D active-source full-waveform inversion, including the VS value and depth of the anomaly. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to directly invert the waveform cross-correlation of traffic noise recordings to extract material property at the engineering meter scale (<30 m depth).


Arcobacter are emerging food borne enteropathogens which can cause severe diarrhea and occasional systemic infection such as bacteraemia and peritonitis in humans. To understand the pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen, putative adhesive factors in the organism were studied by examining their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes from humans and other animal species. A total of 10 Arcobacter species from which four strains were obtained from humans and one from pigs in France. Five isolates were obtained from stool of healthy pigs and chicken in Nigeria. They were identified and confirmed by phenotypic and PCR techniques. Bacteria cells were washed in PBS by centrifugation. 20 μl of bacteria cells was reacted with equal volume of erythrocytes. Macroscopic haemagglutination was scored as either positive or negative after 5 minutes of mixing at room temperature. To understand the nature of red cell receptor for haemagglutinin, various sugars was used to inhibit previously positive haemagglutination reaction. Fresh cultures of all strains agglutinated erythrocytes from humans (blood group A+), sheep, guinea-pig and chicken. 20μl of all suspension containing 10 cells\ml gave a strong microscopic haemagglutination within 5 minutes after mixing with an equal volume of 3% erythrocytes suspension on a clean microscopic slide. No inhibition was observed with D glucose and mannose on previously positive haemagglutinating strains, but galactose inhibited by the same 50/50% (v|v). The result of this experiment provides a basis for further development of specific immunogen required for a more detailed study of characterization of specific adhesins. Keywords : Arcobacter, Haemagglutination, Adhesive factors, Nigeria


The microstructure changes of polypropylene induced by a complex combination of shearing, friction, compression and stretching actions during pan-milling were revealed by spectroscopic techniques. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of polypropylene transferred from crystal into amorphous after undergoing enough milling operation. No transformation between crystal forms was observed. The study of the high-frequency region of the Raman spectrum between 2800 and 3100cm-1 of polypropylene indicated that molecular motion and chain deformation of PP led to amorphization and deterioration of packing regularity during pan-milling. By co-panmilling PP with bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate under ambient condition, ESR signals of free radicals formed by mechanochemical scission of main chain were observed, and an increase of ESR intensity with milling was detected.


It seems to have been demonstrated that the active agent in arthritis deformans may enter through the intestinal tract. This active agent is undoubtedly bacterial, probably most commonly streptococcic, and the intestinal mucosa is thus to be regarded as one of a number of mucous surfaces through which infection may enter the system. Through the production of stasis, and probably also, through its influence on glandular secretions, visceroptosis acts to cause increased intestinal infection, and so favors systemic invasion; thus in an individual with lessened joint resistance it may be the deciding factor in the development of arthritis. How frequently arthritis develops in visceroptotic subjects, and what the proportion is between the number of cases of arthritis due to this cause and that arising from other intestinal affections, cannot now be stated.


Conventional anti-jamming schemes fail to protect the communication system when it comes to cognitive radio networks with adaptive and intelligent jammers as an adversary. In this article, deception based anti-jamming is adopted to combat an intelligent jammer in cognitive radio networks. We proposed a game-theoretic novel pseudo secondary user based decoy mechanism to protect the communication system by introducing a sweetener for a jammer to deceive them. The simulation results suggest that the proposed technique is effective, resulting in greater bandwidth efficiency and thus overall system security.


Gender and Civil Society: Transcending Boundaries. Edited by Jude Howell and Diane Mulligan. London and New York: Routledge. 2005. 257 pp. $125.00. This book provides a welcome addition to the ever-growing comparative scholarship on gender politics and the state. Editors Jude Howell and Diane Mulligan bring together a group of experts with the ideal blend of country expertise and understanding about comparative analysis and theoretical issues to systematically map out and operationalize the concept of "civil society" in a cross-national study of the interface between women's organizations and the state. Howell raises the central analytical problem of the book in the introduction. While the concept of civil society has great promise for understanding how, why, and to what extent women organize and seek to influence the state, comparative gender and politics analysts have shied away from using the term; comparativists and political theorists have basically ignored the quite obviously gendered aspects of civil society. As this edited volume convincingly asserts, intersecting the study of civil society with comparative gender research moves the two areas much further along by compelling "researchers to gauge their understanding of empirical civil societies, to question the assumptions about the relationship between democratization, civil society and gender equality and to query the idea of civil society and feminism as universally valid concepts" (p. 246).


Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring is a mainstay of good clinical practice in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients, in order to individualise post-induction treatment according to disease risk. In this issue, Lovvik Juul-Dam and colleagues published their study on MRD-monitoring by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in childhood AML. They have suggested that peripheral blood (PB) could be the optimal source for correctly detecting the kinetics of MRD regrowth and predicting disease recurrence, especially when distinctive fusion transcripts are used as MRD markers (e.g. RUNX1-RUNX1T1, KMT2A-NLLT3 and KMT2A-ELL). In particular, they highlighted that bone marrow (BM) MRD persistence during consolidation did not increase the risk of relapse and that only PB MRD at therapy completion correlated to outcome. Moreover, all patients with detectable MRD from PB after consolidation (8/8), as well as all patients with detectable MRD during follow-up (14/14), eventually relapsed – all 253 PB samples collected during follow-up from 36 patients in complete remission were MRD-negative. With the exception of core-binding factor leukaemia, this was not the case when BM was used as a source for MRD monitoring. In the last 10–15 years, several papers have been published addressing the issue of MRD-monitoring in AML. An early assessment of MRD-persistence during chemotherapy or a longitudinal monitoring of positivity at MRD-level could allow for a re-allocation of the disease to a different risk category or could suggest the need of pre-emptive therapy, reducing the risk of overt relapse. Nevertheless, there are still some unmet clinical needs, namely (i) the best marker for MRD monitoring and (ii) the best source for MRD monitoring (PB vs. BM), considering that an optimal longitudinal follow-up could require repetitive samples analysis (e.g. monthly). The best marker for MRD monitoring is relatively easily identified, given the general stipulation that the ideal marker should be disease-specific, and thus associated with high specificity and sensitivity to the leukaemic clone. In other words, a pathologic gene rearrangement (e.g. RUNX1RUNX1T1) is definitively more reliable than a non-diseasespecific marker (e.g. WT1). The question regarding the best source for MRD-monitoring (PB vs. BM) is still a matter of debate. Along with other authors, our group suggested that PB may be at least as reliable as BM for MRD monitoring. This undoubtedly represents a very attractive scenario, because a repetitive (e.g. monthly) assessment of MRD using PB is surely more feasible than using BM. In the setting of chronic myeloid leukaemia, this has become a mainstay of good clinical practice, and guidelines from different groups currently clearly agree in abolishing BM for MRD-monitoring. The reasons why PB could be even more reliable than BM for MRD-monitoring are not clear. There is some speculation regarding the WT1 gene, which is a universal marker of MRD, as it is overexpressed in the great majority of AML cases. Evaluating BM soon after chemotherapy cycles is surely feasible, but results need to be considered with caution, as WT1 expression partially reflects the pool of proliferating precursors, which of course could be hyperplastic in BM regenerating after chemotherapy. In this scenario, PB could reflect the percentage of residual leukaemic cells with higher accuracy, as the contamination from proliferating precursors is definitively lower than that observed in BM. All these observations are clearly acceptable when conventional methods for MRD-monitoring are adopted (e.g. molecular RT-qPCR and flow cytometry). We are currently facing a new diagnostic era in which new methods are being taken on in clinical practice. Among these technologies, the new concept of liquid biopsy (based on the study of cell-free DNA/RNA or tumour-derived exosomes), the application of digital PCR (dPCR), and the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms appear to be the most promising ones. It is probable that strategies emphasising the synergy of these different tools may be the key. We have Correspondence: Michele Malagola, Chair of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com commentary


National consciousness and government's support are two important factors to help revive minority's languages.After reviewing and comparing the social background,ethnic consciousness,the government's support and the practice of language revival in Canada and in New Zealand,this paper adopts Fishman's theory of Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale(GIDS) to analyze and evaluate the practice of Aboriginal language revival in two countries,and concludes with some experiences and inspiration for indigenous people or ethnic minorities in two countries,as well as in the world.


This study was designed to develop a model for predicting forgiveness in emerging adults. The parallel multiple mediation of cognitive control/flexibility was tested in the relationship between ego-resiliency and forgiveness in the hypothesized model. The study was carried out with 354 students who were recruited from a state university in the Mediterranean Region. Of the 354 participants 141 (40%) were students who received undergraduate education in various departments of the Faculty of Education, 213 (60%) were students who received pedagogical training. 142 (40.1%) of the participants were female and 184 (52%) were male. 28 participants (7.9%) did not declare gender. The mean age of the participants was 22.79 (SD: 4.20). Ego-Resiliency Scale, Cognitive Control/Flexibility Questionnaire, and Heartland Forgiveness Scale were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and mediation analysis were used in the study. The findings revealed that there were positive relationships among ego-resiliency, forgiveness and cognitive control/flexibility. In the analysis for the mediating effect, the parallel multiple mediation of cognitive control/flexibility in the relationship between ego-resiliency and forgiveness was found to be statistically significant. In the light of the findings of the study, it can be said that individuals with psychological resilience have the ability to control their negative emotions and thoughts, manage them, and create alternative coping strategies, and thanks to these features, they are more forgiving.


Objective To study the composition and distribution of the animal host of plague in Guangzhou city.Methods Rodents were captured by cages and the species were identified.Flea index was determined and the antibody of plague F1 was determined by IHA.Results 1601 rodents belonging to 7 species,4 genera,2 family were caught.These included 1451 rattus and 150 insectivora.Total density of rodents and rattus was 12.09% and 11.50%,respectively.46 out of 242 rodents were found to have fleas and 92 fleas were identified as Xenopsylla cheopis.The total flea index was 0.38.No F1 antibody of plague was found.Conclusion The major rodent species in Guangzhou city is Rattus norvegicus and the major species of fleas is Xenopsylla cheopis.Epidemic plague was not found.


Purpose. It consists in establishing the influence of the chemical composition on the type, chemical composition and morphology of the primary carbides of the nickel-based superalloy, which allows to increase the operational properties of the parts through the structure of the carbide component.
Research methods. Process modeling was carried out using the CALPHAD method. The initial data were the chemical compositions of model alloys with different concentrations of carbide-forming elements. The result of the calculation was the chemical composition of the carbides released in the corresponding systems. The experimental values were processed by statistical methods to obtain correlation dependencies of the "parameter-property" type and establish mathematical equations of regression models that optimally describe these dependencies.
Results. The regularities of the effect of metal chemical composition on the morphology of carbides of MC type have been established. It is shown that depending on chemical elements introduced in the system, the basis of carbides can change, which causes a change in their shape and an increase in the crack resistance of the material. It is shown that the obtained dependences are closely correlated with metallographic studies of alloys of this class.
Scientific novelty. The dependences of the influence of the chemical composition variation of the multicomponent system Ni-Cr-Co-Al-W-Re-Ta-Mo-Nb-C on the chemical composition and morphology of carbides have been established. This makes it possible to change the basis of the carbides, their composition and morphology, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, especially fatigue and heat-resistant characteristics.
Practical value. An effective solution for establishing the structural-phase state of nickel-based superalloys by optimizing their chemical composition is proposed, which made it possible to improve the operational properties of the material. The established dependencies can be used in the optimization of the composition of industrial cast nickel-based superalloys and in the development of new compositions.


Objective To understand the current situation of ascarids infection in primary and middle school students in Hubei province from 1992 to 2003,and to find out the weak points for control.(Methods)Data collected from investigation,annual statistics of school health department and relevant literature at home and abroad since 1992.(Results) The infection rate of intestinal ascarids in primary and secondary school students in our province decreased from 25.97%(1992) to 10.57%(2000) and met the goal of the project.However,there was a relapse in rural area in 2003.The infection rate of intestinal ascarids in primary school students was higher than that of the middle school students.And the rate in rural area was higher than that in the city.Conclusion The total infection rate of intestinal ascarids in primary and middle school students was decreasing year by year,infection control should still be strengthened,and priority should be put on primary and middle school students in rural areas.


By enabling artists to work interactively with multiple active renders from a single application, new lighting and surfacing workflows were made possible. This technique was implemented by replacing Katana's interactive-render mechanism, and by leveraging Arras, DreamWorks' in-house cloud computation system.


Currently, the detection of students who may drop out from an academic program is a relevant issue for universities, so there are efforts to examine the variables that determine students' drop out. Drop out is defined in different ways, however, all the studies converge in that for a student to drop out a course of study, some variables must be combined. This study presents a comparison of performance indicators of the current drop out model of the Universidad del Bío-Bío (UBB), which is based on logistic regression technique and it is compared with a new model based on decision trees. The new model is obtained through data mining methodologies and it was implemented through the SAP Predictive Analytics tool. To train, validate, and apply the model, real data from the UBB databases were used. The comparison shows that the prediction of student´ drop out of the proposed model obtains an accuracy of 86%, a precision of 97% with an error rate of 14%, better indicators than the current values delivered by the model based on logistic regression. Subsequently, the prediction model obtained was optimized considering other variables, improving even more the prediction indicators. Higher education institutions should take into account the variables that explain the most the phenomenon of student´s drop out to improve the retention of their students.


Zuo Zongtang attached importance to talent people. He looked down on imperial competitive examination. He attached importance to the people who had real ability and learning. He held that talents should have good quality and great abilities. He knew how to choose the right person for the right job. He attached importance to bringing in and fostering talent. The causes of Zuo Zongtang 's talent thoughts are mainly in three aspects. One is his unusual experience; The second is the historical background,; and the third is the influence of his friends.


We demonstrate that by filtering high harmonics it is possible to obtain two different single attosecond pulses (SAP) resulting from naturally separated spectral domains formed during propagation in the macroscopic medium. We propose a feasible experimental configuration in which one can obtain a SAP in a lower energy domain ( 300 eV). Without filtering, a double attosecond pulse emission with fixed temporal separation is obtained. The gap between the two spectral domains is close to the onset of the water window.


In Korea, typhoons from July onwards usually influence the production of kiwifruit. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of early defoliation on vine growth of current season and nutrient reserves during winter after leaves abscission. A new cultivar 'Goldrush( Actinidiachinensis)' was used for this experiment, followingde-blossomingin spring. And the vines were artificially defoliated from July 15 to October 14 with one month intervals and the degrees of defoliation were 0, 25, 50, 75, and100%. Out of all the defoliation treatments conducted from July 15 to October 14, defoliation on August 16 and September 15 significantly reduced vine dry weight. In particular, 75% and 100% defoliation on August 16 resulted in a 79.2 g and 83.1 g of dry weight reduction, respectively, from the control vines (145.6 g). Vine dry weight was also reduced by a 54.5 g and 59.8 g for the 75% and 100% defoliation treatments on September 15,respectively, compared to the control vines. Defoliation on August 16 decreased both the aboveground and underground dry weight of vines, whereas underground dry weight was not affected by defoliation on September 15. Most nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) of the young vines accumulated in the roots as starch. Defoliation on August 16 and September 15 reduced the accumulation of NSC reserves, which was correlated with a decline in vine dry weight. For vines with more than 75% defoliation on August 16 and September 15, about less than half amount of starch accumulated in the roots compared to those of the control vines.


Aromatic hydrocarbons represent one of the most important classes of chemical compounds presently used as fuels and solvents; thus, they are emitted into the atmosphere in substantial quantities. This study was conducted to examine and address three of the major problems encountered in studying the product distribution from the degradation of aromatic compounds initiated by hydroxyl radicals (OH). Aromatic compounds have moderate emission masses and most degrade in the atmosphere at a rapid rate. Degradation mechanism for these compounds is highly dependent on the atmospheric conditions present, particularly the level of the nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NO).


The review article is specifically targeted towards the footprints of digital marketing on the customers' purchase decision. Though customers' purchase decision process is not single-handedly handled, it is a consolidated process that involves societal influence, word-of-mouth, cultural values, income level & other psychological aspects. However, the current era of the 2.0 web is not less than anything and contributes majorly towards constructing a customer's purchase decision. Thereby, the following article's objectivity is filled by reviewing 16 research articles from around the world from 2010. Nonetheless, specific recommendations have also been summarized at the end of this review article to help marketers digitalize their businesses & increase their customers' loyalty.


This paper introduces a new device of power fact online measurement based on AVR micro-controller, the soft method to determine power fact lead or leg is adopted. The developed device has the following advantages of simplicity hardware, simplicity for forming networks and convenient for operation.


Chimonocalamus peregrinus was first reported in May 2009 from Southern Sichuan Bamboo Park,Changning County of Sichuan Province.In the end of 2000,this species was introduced into Jinping County of Yunnan from Vietnam for further reproduction.In April 2001,the bamboo was further introduced into Changning Century Bamboo Garden,Sichuan Province from Jinping..After 8 years' artificial cultivation test,this bamboo has shown successful localization with the formal height,diameter and the shooting periodicity.In spring of 2009,it was observed that the bamboo budding was of 5-8,with comparison to 3-4 buddings in the autumn.These facts above showed that the bamboo is suitable for further transplantation.


The paper theoretically and empirically investigates the effect of changes in national labourmarket conditions on regional growth from the point of view of local economies. The mechanism of efficiency wage is introduced to a growth model and it is argued that local regions belonging to richer countries would experience slower economic growth than those in poorer countries, ceteris paribus. The model emphasises the process of interregional wage dependence in which national average wage or income plays an important role in determining regional wages and growth. The empirical findings from EU regional data also suggest that national income is significantly and negatively associated with regional growth. The adverse effect of national income on regional growth is also observed to be stronger among richer regions whose income is above the national average.


A comparison of uv-photoemission spectra recorded from the surface alloys Pt(111)({radical}(3){times}{radical}(3))R30{degree}Ce and Pt(111)(2{times}2)La allows the contribution from the 4f electrons to be seen easily. The valence-band structure of these two surfaces is very similar, and the most obvious 4f contribution in high-resolution photoemission spectra of the Ce-containing alloy is the tail of the Kondo peak cut at E{sub F}. Within the limits of our measurement, no dispersion of this feature in the occupied regime is detected. The Kondo peak displays a marked intensity dependence on the emission angle, suggesting that hybridization is present in only a limited part of reciprocal space. The temperature dependence of this near-E{sub F} feature supports this interpretation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


In 1547, while in Venice, Guillaume Postel purchased a Zohar manuscript from Daniel Bomberg. That Zohar copy was the one he studied together with Mother Johanna and the one he used as the source for his Latin translation of this treatise. That Zohar copy has most probably not survived, and as a result, hitherto no information regarding its unique structure, contents or wording has been available. Fortunately enough we were able to use both the strategy of the 'Zohar HaRaki'a' project conducted by Ronit Meroz as well as the data accumulated in it; thus we could locate an almost identical cognate of that lost manuscript in MS Parma Palatina 2718. It is impossible to determine with certainty whether Postel's original was copied directly or indirectly from MS Parma, or from a different source belonging to this family. In any event, as Postel's Zohar manuscript itself is not accessible, it is henceforth possible to make use of MS Parma to offer us a Zoharic text which is almost identical, in both structure and wording, to Postel's original.


Understanding the spatial pattern of ecosystem services is important for effective environmental policy and decision-making. In this study, we use a geospatial decision-support tool (Marxan) to identify conservation priorities for habitat and a suite of ecosystem services (storage carbon, soil retention and water yield) in the Upper Parana Atlantic Forest from Misiones, Argentina—an area of global conservation priority. Using these results, we then evaluate the efficiency of existing protected areas in conserving both habitat and ecosystem services. Selected areas for conserving habitat had an overlap of carbon and soil ecosystem services. Yet, selected areas for water yield did not have this overlap. Furthermore, selected areas with relatively high overlap of ecosystem services tended to be inside protected areas; however, other important areas for ecosystem services (i.e., central highlands) do not have legal protection, revealing the importance of enforcing existing environmental regulations in these areas.


The urachus or median umbilical ligament is a normal embryonic remnant of the primitive bladder dome and extends upward from the anterior dome of the bladder toward the umbilicus. The tubular urachus is normally changed into a fibrous band after birth. If this regression is incomplete, disorders of the urachus can appear. Umbilical-urachal sinus occurs when the umbilical end of the urachus fails to obliterate and persists as a fusiform outpouching structure just below the navel. Periumbilical pain and tenderness with a periodic discharge through the navel and a wet umbilicus are usually reported in patients with an umbilical-urachal sinus. We report the case of a 40-year-old, diabetic, and hypertensive male presenting with recurrent episodes of pus discharge from the umbilicus. Further, evaluation with a Computed tomography confirmed the presence of urachal sinus. We discuss the management of the same, along with a brief review of the literature.


With the rapid development of China's national economy, the development of the petrochemical industry is particularly rapid, high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines are widely used in the oil and gas storage and operation industries. The design level becomes the key to measuring whether a design unit can win in the fierce market competition, and one of the core technologies is the stress analysis of the pressure pipeline. CAESAR II pipeline stress analysis software is more popular in the international one of pipe stress analysis software. Its data input is simple and the graphic display is intuitive, which is easy for beginners to master, but also has a strong engineering practicality. This article will discuss the advantages and problems of CAESARII stress analysis software in practical applications, and use examples to perform relevant analysis.


As the tenth anniversary of the death of Sir James Stirling approaches, Michael Spens considers the relative significance of aspects of his work, both in terms of a sequence of key designs and in the light of contemporaneous critiques. What emerges is a confirmation of the architect's underlying extension of a progressive, enriching modernity. The best work is seen as a rare consummation of the Sublime, as opposed to the Picturesque, within the general continuity of Modernism.


Synthesis of a model compound 4 structurally related to a bioactive lactone 3 isolated from Otoba parvifolia has been accomplished. The good match between the NMR data of both compounds suggests they have identical bicyclic [3.3.1] carbon skeletons.


In the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, 12 to 16 wells are repaired annually. This is mainly due to the silica scaling that occurs in the production casing and the zones adjacent to the formation. There are wells that have been worked over on four or five occasions and their productive life has been increased up to 15 years. Many times, when the production casing will no longer permit the cementation of liner of a lesser diameter inside, it is the practice to open a window, generally in the 9 5/8 inch {phi} casing above the production zone and sidetrack it a few meters from the original well. We expose, with this technique, a new section of the reservoir, free of scaling that in many cases, permits us to recover steam production equivalent to the one obtained when the well was originally drilled. This paper presents the methodology used in the Cerro Prieto Field to diagnose and define the type of repair advisable in each instance.


Cottonseed was treated with several fungicide treatments in an effort to protect the seed and seedling from disease. Seed germination and vigor was evaluated in three Arizona locations; Maricopa, Marana, and Safford. Stand counts were taken on two separate dates after emergence at all three locations and percent emergence (PEA was calculated.


Convictive theory is the integration of ontology and epistemology of crime.Both ontology and epistemology of the convictive theory of German and Japanese criminal law have deep logical predicament.Ontology has the contradiction between composing elements and illegality and responsibility,while epistemology has the contradiction between composing elements and the fact in accord with the composing elements.The direct reason for these contradictions is the formalized criminal definition of German and Japanese criminal law.Its philosophical essence is confusion of the characteristics and functions of ontology and epistemology.The basic characteristic of German and Japanese criminal law convictive theory is the combination of ontology of three-elements formalized crime and epistemology of two-part resistance crime.


The report summarizes data analysis performed on existing pipeline PCB contamination data provided by two different natural gas pipeline companies. The PCB data were evaluated in the context of current regulations and EPA guidance on statistical sampling for characterization of natural gas pipelines. Previous research evaluating PCB contamination in natural gas pipelines identified several areas in which additional statistical analysis of available industry data might support developing efficient characterization strategies. Statistical analyses performed as part of the project described in the report addressed three of these areas: To determine the utility of condensate liquids PCB measurements as a predictor of PCB concentrations on interior pipe surfaces; To characterize the statistical distribution of PCB concentration data associated with PCB-contaminated pipelines; and To illustrate the stringency of EPA's statistical criteria for pipeline characterization using actual and simulated PCB measurement data.


Madagascar has one of the highest poverty rates in the world and consequently the long‐term monitoring of groundwater resources is not a priority for the authorities. However, groundwater is often the only sustainable resource that has a satisfactory quality to supply the population. This is especially true in the south‐west of the country, which is a semi‐arid region and a global change hot spot (intense land use and climate changes). In response to the lack of data, the Groundwater Resource Observatory for Southwestern Madagascar (GROSoM) was established to monitor piezometry and meteorology over the longer term as part of a humanitarian response. The first site was setup in 2014 in a catchment located over a carbonate plateau; in 2018, a second site was installed in an alluvial setting within a crystalline basement catchment and a third site will be installed in 2020 to monitor groundwater dynamics in a coastal setting. The three sites, located between Toliara and Taolagnaro cities, are complementary and representative of various hydrogeological systems in Southwestern Madagascar. Each site includes a weather station and between 3 and 6 piezometric probes. The monitoring data indicate a strong inter‐annual variability in precipitation, which induces a strong variability in aquifers recharge. One of the driest years in 2016 seems to be consistent with strong El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects observed at the global scale, while years with higher recharge appear to be related to cyclones such as Fundi in 2015 and Eketsang in 2019. Preliminary results of cross‐disciplinary studies demonstrated a link between groundwater and health issues (i.e., admissions to basic health centres). This observatory aims to produce long‐term data and has two objectives: (i) strengthening the early warning system for humanitarian crises in Madagascar; (ii) contributing to a better understanding of the effects of climate change on groundwater resources in this semi‐arid region.


whether the patient's illness will respond or not. The trouble is that most of the experiments are bad ones; they almost seem to be designed to perpetuate ignorance instead of to give the answer to a question. I would only ask that the experiments should be designed a little more logically to find the answers. This is the real essence of research, which, as I have said, is an attitude of mind. It is an attitude of mind which is not taken in by custom, prejudice, or false logic, but which seeks to find an answer. Those who are disinclined to depart from custom might remember that the man who first gave up the practice of blood-letting departed from the custom of his day. No one would doubt that he was a benefactor to mankind. An example of a good therapeutic experiment came to my notice a little while ago. My friend Dr. Peter Duncan is interested in lymphocytic choriomeningitis. A case was admitted to hospital which he had reason to believe (and later proved) to be in the pre-meningitic stage of this disease. There is some doubt about whether it responds to aureomycin. Duncan thinks that it does not, and that others who claim benefit from its use have given aureomycin at the stage when the second (meningitic) temperature peak is about to run its natural course towards resolution. He therefore gave this man aureomycin in full doses in the pre-meningitic phase, and proved that, so far from having an effect, it was powerless to prevent the second rise of temperature and the onset of meningitic symptoms. Thus by giving an expensive drug which he believed to be useless, in such a way that its value, if any, could be assessed, he proved his point, and at the expense of a few pounds may have saved hundreds of other cases from being treated in the same useless manner. I know that one case is not proof, but in an experiment as well designed as this one it is very strong evidence. Moreover, choriomeningitis is a fairly uncommon disease, but I am sure that if practitioners cared to make a few properly recorded critical experiments of this kind they could be the means of putting to an end a great deal of useless, expensive, and misapplied therapeutic efforts.


Studies on violence in a workplace indicate that the number of cases of violence in the healthcare sector is much higher than that in other sectors. Violence in the healthcare sector is most frequently seen in emergency services followed by psychiatry clinics (2). Studies also revealed that only assaults that resulted in injury are considered to be cases of violence and are reported to authorities, whereas other forms of violence are usually not reported. The actual incidence of violence is unknown owing to underreporting (2-4).


Abstract Objective There is limited understanding amongst patients and parents of paediatric patients regarding adenoidectomy. Most patients access health-related information online. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of online information on adenoidectomy. Method The term 'adenoid' was used to search Google, and the first 50 websites identified were screened. For each website, the readability and quality were assessed. Results Of the 41 websites that met the inclusion criteria, the mean readability scores corresponded to 'difficult to read' and university-level reading categories. For the quality of the websites, the mean score corresponded to 'fair' with 39 per cent of the websites containing either 'poor' or 'very poor' quality data. The ENT UK information is one of the most readable and reliable online resources. Conclusion The online information on adenoidectomy is largely set at an inappropriate readability level and of variable quality. Surgeons should consider assisting their patients with online searches regarding adenoidectomy.


The Routing, Code, Baud rate, Modulation Level, and Spectrum Assignment (RBCMLSA) problem is critical in Elastic Optical Networks (EON). Literature reports solutions based on Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and heuristic techniques. However, when the complexity of the problem increases, the first technique becomes a non-scalable solution, while the second is inefficient. As an alternative, this work proposes two techniques based on Genetic Algorithms (GA): (1) a routing-based GA and (2) a permutation-based GA. The GAs seek a solution that minimizes the used spectrum subject to optical layer constraints. Numerical simulations perform the proposed GAs and the state-of-the-art (ILP and heuristic) under static traffic in several traffic loads and network scenarios. The simulation results in the considered instances show that the proposed GAs are competitive obtaining quality results close to the ILP approach with a reasonable computational time. Even more, the route-based GA incurs in a longer computational time than the permutation-based GA.


of the lessons to the needs of the learner and teacher. One of the most difficult tasks in developing effective second language texts lies in creating realistic contexts, and it is in this area that NHE clearly supercedes any text that I have yet seen. Indeed, the series makes the other texts seem quite dull by comparison. Throughout the six volumes (as well as in the corresponding workbooks), the chief concern seems to be the use of realistic contexts. One finds no meaningless lists of drill exercise for practicing new structures. Although drill-type exercises do appear in NHE, the drill is always contextually coherent, and the content is often depicted graphically. In fact, pictures are used to the best advantage throughout the six volumes. For the first two texts a "Picture Show" is available. This "show" is a set of excellent pictures on large pieces of heavy-duty paper with suggestions for use on the back of each one. They are especially meaningful in that many of them are taken directly from the text while others depict characters to whom the learners have already been introduced in the text. Examples of the context-creating used so ingeniously in NHE can be found on almost any page of the series. For example, the structures for indirect "yes or no" questions (Book 3, 37)occur in a context which could easily be adapted to several teaching activities in the classroom. A man is speaking to his son on the telephone and the man's wife sitting next to him tells her husband a series of questions to ask their son over the telephone. Mother: Ask him if he has studied every day. Father: (to his son on the tiephone) Have you studied every day? Mother: Ask if Judy has cooked dinner every night. Father: Has Judy cooked dinner every night? The adaptability of this lesson to the classroom situation is apparent. A toy telephone and a little role playing could easily expand this exercise for greater practice with indirect "yes or no" questions and provide a basis for further practice with indirect "question word" questions. Of course, just as the text uses the present perfect tense throughout this exercise, a teacher might adapt the material to any other tense. It seems that Mellgren and Walker have kept in mind Slager's suggestion that "a textbook


A simple and practical method for the synthesis of an alkaloid piperlongumine, an efficient inhibitor of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone, was established by employing Wadsworth-Horner modified Wittig reaction as a key step. An alkaloid piperolonguminine [W-isobutyl-5-(l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,4-pentadienamide, la] was first isolated from Piper longttm Linn. (I), then also isolated from other Piper species (2) as well as other genus (3). Piper longum, known as "Pippali", has long been used as an effective drug in the treatment of asthma and chronic bronchitis in the Ayuvedic system of medicine in India (4). Biological properties of the extracts, composed mainly of la, piperine (1c), and /V-isobutyl-(£,£)-2,4-decadienamide, were studied to show anti-allergic (5) and tumor inhibitory activity (6). Recent report on the inhibitory activity of la on α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced tyrosinase synthesis, a key step in melanin biosynthesis, opened a new vista of the la as a cosmetic additive (7). Most of the synthetic methods of piperlongumine employed piperic acid ( lb) which could be derived from readily available natural product piperine (8). However, the content of Ic in most pepper plants is low (0.025-6%) and the cost of raw pepper is relatively high. The promising potential of piperolongumine as a whitening agent in cosmetic spurred us to design a simple and practical synthetic method to provide sufficient amount for pursuing further biological properties on experimental animals. Synthetic sequence for la was quite straight forward as shown. Wadsworth-Horner modified Wittig condensation (9) of readily available and cheap piperonal (2) with the anion generated from ethyl (£)-4diethylphosphono-2-butenoate (3) gave ethyl piperate (7) in 6 5 % yield. ' H N M R showed a characteristic doublet of doublet ( J = 15.3 and 10.5 Hz) for H3 at δ 7.39, a doublet (J = 15.3 Hz) at δ 5.92 for H2, a doublet at δ 6.77 ( J = 15.0, 10.0 Hz) for H4, and a doublet ( J = 10.3 Hz) at δ 6.70 for H5 for pentadienoic acid moiety. No isomeric product was observed in 250 M H z 'H N M R and 62.5 M H z C N M R . The starting phosphono ester 3 was prepared in 9 0 % yield by Arbuzov reaction of commercially available ethyl 4-bromo-2-butenoate (4) and triethyl phosphate. Our attempts for an amination of ethyl piperate by isobutylamine in the presence of sodium methoxide (10) suffered from low yield, which led us to employ an alternative synthetic pathway. The ester was, thus, hydrolyzed to corresponding acid (5), which was condensed with isobutylamine in the presence of catalytic amount of boric acid (11) to yield la in 9 1 % two-step yield. Ο l a R = NHCH2CH(CH3)2 b R = Η 407 Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/2/19 11:44 AM Vol. 11, No. 5, 2005 A simple synthesis of piperlongnminine Alternative synthetic route employing aldehyde 7 and triphenylpiperonylphosphonium bromide (8) was also pursued to afford the desired ester 4 in similar yield. It is worthy to noting that reaction with 8 gave better yield compared to the reaction with its diethylphosphono congener.


: COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. It can affect your upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe and lungs). It spreads the same way other corona viruses do, mainly through person-to-person contact. Infections range from mild to deadly. SARS-CoV-2 is one of seven types of corona virus, including the ones that cause severe diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and sudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The other corona viruses cause most of the colds that affect us during the year but aren't a serious threat for otherwise healthy people. This study will be helpful for nursing students to improve their knowledge in the area of COVID-19 disease.


The O–H bond breaking in H2O molecules on metal surfaces covered with pre-adsorbed oxygen atoms is an important topic in heterogeneous catalysis. The adsorption configurations of H2O and relevant dissociation species on clean and O-pre-adsorbed Fe(100) surfaces were investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The preferential sites for H2O, HO, O, and H were investigated on both surfaces. Both the first H abstraction from adsorbed H2O and the subsequent OH dissociation are exothermic on the O-pre-adsorbed Fe(100) surface. However, the pre-adsorbed O significantly reduces the kinetics energy barriers for both reactions. Our results confirmed that the presence of pre-adsorbed oxygen species could significantly promote H2O dissociation.


(57) Abstract: memory array, circuitry for accessing the array, a plurality of color value register for storing a plurality of color values to be written to the array, and the memory cell data representing a single pixel or write to, a frame having a circuit for writing data representing the number of pixels equal to the number of conductors on the data bus or written to the memory cell, or data representative of the entire row of pixels in array in the memory cell ·buffer.


The dependences of neutron yield on incident energy and atomic mass of the target have been studied by bombardment of 44GeV or 18GeV 12C ions with Cu or Phtargets. The CR-39 stacks are used to detect fast neutrons. The neutron yield ratios obtained for 44GeV and 18GeV are 2.12± 0.19(Cu target) and 2.04±0.15(Pb target).The neutron yield ratios obtained for Ph and Cu target are 2.54±0.20(44GeV) and 2.56 ± 0.20(18GeV), showing that Pb target produces more neutrons than Cu target in the same conditions.


AIMS To study the effect of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection on upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS Hp in gastric mucosa in 72 patients with liver cirrhosis, obtained endoscopically was detected by histologic techniques. RESULTS The rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Hp positive group was significantly higher (38.1% ) than that in Hp negative group (16.7%, P0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased rate of bleeding in Hp positive group was related with increased incidence of duodenal ulcer and active gastritis and hypergastrinemia. Eradication of Hp infection may play an important role on reducing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.


The Swan estuarine system, bound by Perth Metropolis has been experiencing increasing algal bloom in recent years. Enhanced nutrient discharge from urban sandy coastal areas is expected to be a major contributor. Quantitative information on nutrient discharge through urban runoff as well as groundwater discharge is crucial for developing an effective management strategy to minimize nutrient discharge. We present information on nitrogen and phosphorous (P) concentrations and loads in discharge, based on two specific sets of studies. One of the studies quantified nutrient leaching beneath representative urban lawns, which occupy some 45% of the Perth landscape. A large proportion (up to 50%) of the applied irrigation passed below the root zone carrying nutrients to the underlying aquifer. There were strong seasonal effects, flow-weighted mean concentrations for N were from 0.8 to 5.4 mg/l, and for P up to 0.05 mg/l. Annual loadings for N were from 7 to 83 kg/ha, and for P up to 0.01 kglha. Patterns of storm runoff and nutrient concentrations were measured in a number of urban catchments along with their characteristics. About 1520% of rainfall resulted as runoff in typical urban catchments. There was a strong seasonality in nutrient loadings, being highest during autumn. Annual loadings for TP were within 0.095 to 0.18 kg/ha, and for TN within 0.64 to 1.49 kg/ha. Typical TP and TN concentrations were mostly within 0.3 and 1.0 mg/l respectively.


Due to its impressive compliance rates, the European Human Rights system is widely held to be the most effective regional human rights system in place. While human rights courts in the Southern hemisphere (i.e. the Inter-American Court for Human Rights and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights) have a stronger focus on social and economic rights, the majority of cases adjudicated before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) relates to the alleged violation of civil and political rights. It is often assumed that rights falling under the latter category are more easily implemented than those belonging to the former. However, despite the common perception of regular compliance in the European context, human rights judgments in Europe are often implemented with significant delays. Moreover, the compliance requirements spelled out in the judgments often face contestation by state parties, be they established democracies and states moving towards democracy. This indicates that civil and political rights judgments are not more conducive to implementation by virtue of their substance, and suggests that even in democratic contexts, compliance with human rights judgments is not to be taken for granted.


Abstract The present study involves the fabrication of CH and CH-Ag hydrogel beads and the investigation of the antimicrobial properties. The beads were fabricated using a simple coacervation method. The successfully synthesized beads were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR. The surface morphology, shape and diameter of the samples were determined by optical microscopy and SEM. The antimicrobial activities were determined against potential human pathogens including bacterial and fungal species. Our results demonstrated that beads can be utilized as potential materials for use in biomedical approaches including delivery systems and tissue engineering applications to prevent microbial contamination and to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.


Diseases, illness, injuries, mental and physical problems are all caused by disturbance the energy field. Once these disturbances can be corrected a person can come back to a state of health. The spiritual nursing care or energy healing can be provided through therapeutic communication.  Therapeutic communication is holistic and patient centered, and engages the totality of the patient's condition – environmental, spiritual, psychological, as well as physiological elements. The practice of therapeutic communication helps to form a health-focused and stress-reducing collaborative relationship; its primary goal is the establishment of trust in order to create a healing exchange between nurse and patient. Spiritual life force energy works to heal and harmonize all the energy systems in all of your bodies. Spiritual life force energy goes to the root of whatsoever part that needs healing at the time of its application. This article seeks to illuminate the foundation for spiritual-energy care nursing, the interconnectedness of therapeutic communication and spiritually guided life force energy, the principles of life force energy, establishing nurse-client relationship for energy healing and the role of nurses in energy care.


Large-eddy simulations are carried out for a particle-laden vertical turbulent channel flow at Reynolds number of 180 based on friction velocity and channel half-width. To minimize the numerical and aliasing errors, a fourth-order compact finite-volume method in space and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method in time along with a dynamic Smagorinsky model with explicit filter-grid size ratio 2 have been used to solve the filtered equations of the carrier flow. Heavy, small particle motion is governed by drag, gravitational, and Saffman lift forces in the Lagrangian frame. These particle equations are integrated in time using a second-order Adams-Bashforth method. The effect of subgrid-scale (SGS) fluctuations on particle statistics has been studied using two models available in the literature, with and without considering SGS velocity temporal correlation. In addition, a new model is implemented in this work to account for the anisotropy of flow. The results show that in the near-wall region the effect of SGS fluctuations on particle statistics is considerable, especially for small particle size of the order of 1μ m. The fluctuation levels of the wall-normal and spanwise directions of 1 − μ m lycopodium particle velocity are influenced strongly by SGS fluctuations and they are accentuated when the SGS effects are considered. The results for the 1 − μ m lycopodium particle show that the new model, which accounts for SGS anisotropy and Lagrangian temporal correlations of SGS fluctuations, yields improved results for particle turbulent intensity, especially in the near-wall region, when compared with other models. The effect of Saffman lift force on particle turbulent intensity is increased by increasing particle Reynolds number, especially in the wall-normal and spanwise directions.


This research aimed to produced multimedia Interactive such as flash animation.  Design used research and development, the subject of the trial are  XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2 SMA N 1 and XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2 class of SMA Teladan Way Jepara. This Research through three stages: a preliminary study , development and evaluation.  Result of this research is multi- media based interactive Flash animation. Effectiveness test showed average of learning outcomes in experiment was higher than control class (experiment 1 = 91,56; experiment 2 = 96,7; control 1 = 68,39; control 2 = 66,3). Attractiveness test got feasibility scored 3,28 with values assessment so interesting. Test of material expert  got  percentage feassibility of 85%,  test  of design  expert  90%, test  of language expert 90%, test of practitioner expert 100. It can be concluded that the result of Flash  animation development product  effective  to  improve  students learning outcomes and can be source of  alternative learning varied.


This note provides a correction to an entry in  The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature , clarifying Ursula Bethell's relationship with the literary editors of The Press and the publication of her poem, 'The Long Harbour.'


Abstract  Purpose: The purpose is to present results of endovascular exclusion (stent‐graft treatment) of aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta both in elective cases and in emergencies. Methods: Indications for stent‐graft treatment were dependent on multislice angio‐CT evaluation revealing a proximal neck of at least 10 mm between the left common carotid artery and the onset of aneurysm. All stent grafts were inserted in the operating room; 43 transfemoral, 2 transiliac. The stent grafts used were Corvita, Stenford, Vanguard, AneuRx, Talent, and Excluder. Deployment was achieved under fluoroscopic control, endoleaks were checked for with D S A on the operating table and postoperatively by angio‐CT. Long‐term follow‐up consisted of evaluation with angio‐CT after 6 and 12 months, and from there on once a year and with plain chest X‐rays. Follow‐up was achieved in all patients. Results: Mean follow‐up is 21 months (1–66); 30‐day mortality is 3/45, no permanent neurologic deficit. Thirty patients were treated electively, 15 with contained rupture. Left subclavian artery overstenting proved to be necessary in 12 patients for proper proximal sealing of the aneurysm, type I endoleaks were observed in 10 patients, one early conversion, 7 proximal extension cuffs, one sealed spontaneously, one still at risk. Among patients where LSA had been overstented only one wanted a transposition, all others did well without left‐hand ischemia or subclavian steal syndrome. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment is less invasive and has reasonable mortality and morbidity but is limited to well‐defined morphologies. Mid‐term results are promising but it has to be observed whether these will translate into long‐term durability. (J Card Surg 2003; 18:367‐374)


We theoretically analyse an autonomous clock comprising a nanoelectromechanical system, which undergoes self-oscillations driven by electron tunnelling. The periodic mechanical motion behaves as the clockwork, similar to the swinging of a pendulum, while induced oscillations in the electrical current can be used to read out the ticks. We simulate the dynamics of the system in the quasi-adiabatic limit of slow mechanical motion, allowing us to infer statistical properties of the clock's ticks from the current auto-correlation function. The distribution of individual ticks exhibits a tradeoff between accuracy, resolution, and dissipation, as expected from previous literature. Going beyond the distribution of individual ticks, we investigate how clock accuracy varies over different integration times by computing the Allan variance. We observe non-monotonic features in the Allan variance as a function of time and applied voltage, which can be explained by the presence of temporal correlations between ticks. These correlations are shown to yield a precision advantage for timekeeping over the timescales that the correlations persist. Our results illustrate the non-trivial features of the tick series produced by nanoscale clocks, and pave the way for experimental investigation of clock thermodynamics using nanoelectromechanical systems.


Background : Candidiasis is the most frequent encountered opportunistic fungal infection. Candida albicans is the major cause of candidiasis. Nigella sativa consist of thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone which were shown to have antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans. Ketoconazole inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes so that ergosterol synthesis is blocked and fungal cell membrane damage is occurred. The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of 100% Nigella sativa infusion with 2% ketoconazole in vitro to the growth of Candida albicans.
Method : The study is a laboratory experimental design. The samples consist of 16 Candida albicans isolates clinical isolates which is isolated from cervical swab and identified by germ tube test. The colonies of Candida albicans were diluted in steril 0,9% NaCl to make the solution equal to 0,5 Mc Farland standard. As many as 0,1 cc of solution was cultivated on the SDA media supplemented with 100% Nigella sativa infusion and SDA media supplemented with 2% ketoconazole, and then the media were incubated at 370 C for 2 days. . The antimicrobial activity is determined by the growth of Candida albicans.
Result : Research was resulted that 100% Nigella sativa infusion can not inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.
Conclusion : 100% Nigella sativa infusion is not effective in inhibitting the growth of Candida albicans in vitro.

Keyword : Candida albicans, Nigella sativa, ketoconazole


Metal rubber material can work under high temperature,low temperature,vacuum and corrosion medium,which traditional rubber can not do,so more and more people pay attention to it.Our research of metal rubber is late which is still blank about the research of metal rubber made with non-circular wire in China.This paper discusses the temperature control based on electrical heating method under hot rolling process of non-circular wire making metal rubber.


Dithering skip mode with a novel load sensor for DC-DC converters is proposed to maintain a high efficiency over a wide load range. Due to the efficiency drop of the transition from the pulse-width modulation (PWM) to pulse-frequency modulation (PFM), a novel dithering skip modulation (DSM) is introduced to smooth the efficiency curve. Importantly, DSM mode can dynamically skip the number of gate driving pulses, which is inverse proportional to load current. Besides, a novel proposed load sensor can automatically select the optimum modulation method from these three modulation methods without an external selection pin. Simulation results shows DSM can maintain the efficiency of converters as high as about 89% over a wide load current range from 3mA to 500mA


While agent-based modelling of traffic demand is gaining attention, a macroscopic dynamic network loading model may be beneficial, particularly in large-scale applications. We investigate the implications of coupling such models, with inclusion of enroute choices, for the modelling of links and the determination of turning fractions, yielding useful recommendations to help select an appropriate solution scheme of the macroscopic traffic flow theory and overcome other practical challenges specifically associated with the coupling of agent-based traffic demand and macroscopic traffic propagation. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Conference Program Chairs.


20 Introduction 21 Materials and Methods 23 Study Species 23 Stimulus Species Selection 24 Stimulus Acquisition 25 Predator Avoidance in Predator-Experienced E. nana 26 Predator Avoidance in Predator-Naive E. nana 27 Statistical Analyses 27 Results 28 Complete Model 28 Predator Avoidance in Predator-Experienced E. nana 28 Predator Avoidance in Predator-Naive E. nana 29 Discussion 30 Acknowledgements 33 Literature Cited 34


BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare differences in hospitalization and emergency department (ED) use associated with the use of three popularly prescribed atypical antipsychotics: olanzapine (Zyprexa; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN); quetiapine (Seroquel; AstraZeneca, London, England); and risperidone (Risperdal; Janssen, L.P, Titusville, NJ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis examined patients who had been diagnosed with a mental illness and initiated


A multi-agent system product line (MAS-PL) defines an architecture whose design and implementation is accomplished using software agents to address its common and variable features. MAS-PL promotes the large-scale reuse of common and variable agency features across multiple MAS applications. The development of MAS-PLs can be achieved through MAS-specific platforms and implementation techniques, such as conditional compilation and aspect-oriented programming (AOP). However, there is not much evidence on how these techniques provide better modularity, allowing the conception of stable MAS-PL designs. This paper presents a quantitative study on the design modularity and stability of an evolving MASPL. The MAS-PL was built following the reactive product line adoption approach. The product line was developed and evolved based on several versions of a conference management webbased system, named Expert Committee (EC). Our evaluation is made through a series of change scenarios related to new agency features, which are agent characteristics that enhance the system with autonomous behavior. The quantitative study consists of a systematic comparison between two different versions of the EC MAS-PL based on a MAS-specific platform, called JADE. One version was implemented with object-oriented and conditional compilation techniques. The other one relied on AOP. Our analysis was driven by well-known modularity and change impact metrics.


Structural colors of 2D gratings are iridescent, color‐tunable, and never fade, which renders them appealing for anti‐counterfeiting applications. However, for advanced security, it still remains a challenge to completely hide the encrypted color patterns and reveal them on demand. In this work, a water‐responsive photonic grating consisting of a micropillar array and a hydrogel overcoat with a similar refractive index, termed "hydrocipher", is presented. The joint effect of stimuli‐reversible refractive‐index (mis)match and reconfigurable grating‐based diffraction coloration enables a complete encryption of the structural color and rapid decryption. The photonic structure shows a strong iridescence due to the angle‐dependent diffraction when the hydrogel overcoat is swollen from water. Upon drying, the micropillars bend and the refractive index contrast disappears, which dramatically lessens the diffraction intensity and renders the surface highly transparent. The dehydrated‐to‐hydrated state transition can occur within 1 s, enabling fast decryption. The color switching is highly reversible over a prolonged hydration/dehydration cycle, and the dehydrated hydrogel layer protects the delicate micropillar array from external mechanical stress. The creative combination of hydrogel material and the 2D grating structure offers a new and simple strategy for realizing reversible, durable, and fast‐response cryptography with potentially broad impact on the anti‐counterfeiting technology market.


In this study, strength softening models are developed for exploring rainfall-induced landslide mechanism based on Mohr-Coulombstrength theory with both saturation degree and temporal evolution into consideration. According tothe ratio of two time scales available, the model can be classified into three categories, i.e., instant softeningmodel, delay softeningmodel, and couplingsoftening model.Corresponding evolution functions are specified to represent these kinds of softening processes andthen applied to simulate landslide of homogeneous slopes triggered by rainfall, therefrom, usefulconclusions can be drawn in the end.


This paper proposed an improved incremental conductance method to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) for PV Panel under fast changing solar irradiation. When there is increment in solar irradiation level, the conventional incremental conductance method is confused and responses incorrectly. The proposed method response correctly and there is no steady state oscillation compared to the conventional method. Matlab simulation is carried out for both the improved and conventional incremental conductance method under fast changing solar irradiation level. The simulation results showed the system able to track the MPP faster than the conventional method.


In this paper,we build up the numerical control machine failure database,research the application of the database,then the design of remote fault diagnosis system are particularly discussed,including in organization model,updating model of database,solve equipment failure and introduce the application example of long distance maintenance service.


"An Encyclopedia of the Violin" by Alberto Bachmann has been reprinted in paperback by Da Capo Press, Inc., 227 West 17th Street, New York City 10011. The volume traces the evolution of violin technique, examines the construction and manufacture of violins, lists designers in Europe and America, and provides biographies of the soloists who brought the instrument to its present prominence. The four-hundred-seventypage book sells for $5.95.


Objective: To investigate the curative effect of metabolic balance decoction on metabolic syndrome.Methods: 60 patients with metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The control group administered captopril and metformin.Experimental group was added metabolic balance decoction on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment was 3 months.The body mass index,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipids were deteced before and after treatment.Results: The potency in the experimental group was significantly higher(P 0.05).Compared with that in the control group,the body mass index,blood pressure,blood glucose,lipid parameters in the experimental group improved more significantly after treatment(P 0.05 or P 0.01).Conclusion: The metabolic balance decoction can make patients lose weight and reduce their blood pressures,blood glucoses and regulate their lipids and it is the effective recipe to intervene metabolic balance.


Experimental equipment for registration of parameters variation of integrated circuits (IC's) which are in operation mode and influenced by a flux of electrons with 4 MeV energy is considered. It's shown possibility of high energy electrons application for forecasting IC hardness to neutron and proton radiation.


oat bran was taken as raw materials,which was hydrolyzed by neutral protease Neutrase.Based on single factor test including the reaction time,enzyme dosage and the ratio of material to water,hydrolysis degree and nitrogen solvuble index as evaluation index,the optimum process parameters of oat bran enzymatic hydrolysis were determined with Box-Benhnken response surface methodology,the optimum process parameters were the ratio of water to material was 15∶1,enzyme dosage was 5%,reaction time was 4 h,in this condition hydrolysis degree achieve 12%,nitrogen solvuble index achieve 59%.


The best mediums of the callus induction, multiple shoot induction, rooting and plant regeneration were studied by orthogonal design with using the leaves of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth. as materials in this paper, and the experimental data were analyzed by range analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that the best culture medium for inducing callus from the leaves of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerth. is MS supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1TDZ + 0.4 mg·L-12,4-D + 6 mg·L-1AgNO3, with an induction rate of 86.4%. The best culture medium for inducing multiple shoot is MS supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1NAA + 1.0 mg·L-1TDZ, and induction rate of 42.5%. The best culture medium for inducing rooting is 1/3 MS + 0.5 mg·L-16-BA + 0.5 mg·L-12,4-D, and induction rate is 45%.


Researchers analyzed data from 108,647 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer to see if there was an increased risk of the disease for those who used menopausal hormone therapy.


After reviewing several aspects about the thermodynamics of self-gravitating systems that undergo the evaporation (escape) of their constituents, some recent results obtained in the framework of fermionic King model are applied here to the analysis of galactic halos considering warm dark matter (WDM) particles. According to the present approach, the reported structural parameters of dwarf galaxies are consistent with the existence of a WDM particle with mass in the keV scale. Assuming that the dwarf galaxy Willman 1 belongs to the region III of fermionic King model (whose gravothermal collapse is a continuous phase transition), one obtains the interval 1.2 keV ≤ m ≤ 2.6 keV for the mass of WDM particle. This analysis improves previous estimates by de Vega and co-workers [Astropart. Phys. 46 (2013) 14–22] considering both the quantum degeneration and the incidence of the constituents evaporation. This same analysis evidences that most of galaxies are massive enough to undergo a violent gravothermal collapse (a discontinuous microcanonical phase transition) that leads to the formation of a degenerate core of WDM particles. It is also suggested that quantum-relativistic processes governing the cores of large galaxies (e.g., the formation of supermassive black holes) are somehow related to the gravothermal collapse of the WDM degenerate cores when the total mass of these systems are comparable to the quantum-relativistic characteristic mass Mc=ℏc/G3/2m−2≃1012M⊙ obtained for WDM particles with mass m in the keV scale. The fact that a WDM particle with mass in the keV scale seems to be consistent with the observed properties of dwarf and large galaxies provides a strong support to this dark matter candidate.


The invention relates to a sleeve connecting method. A continuous fiber reinforcement fabric sleeve is arranged on components needing to be connected in a sleeving manner, then resin is coated or a resin coating is pasted so that the fabric sleeve is soaked with the resin, or a continuous fiber reinforcement fabric resin prepreg sleeve is arranged on the components needing to be connected in a sleeving manner, and finally a vacuum bag or a plastic sleeve contracting after heating is used for solidification so as to enable the connecting position of the components needing to be connected to be covered with a continuous fiber reinforcement composite material. The invention further discloses a connecting product which is obtained through the above sleeve connecting method and is at least provided with the connecting position covered with the continuous fiber reinforcement composite material. According to the sleeve connecting method and the product, the components needing to be connected serve as mandrels of the final product, the development cost for dies is saved, the advantage that the fabric sleeve is deformable is sufficiently used, connection between the different components can be good, and the components can be connected in a clamping manner; and a load-carrying structure of the composite material of the sleeve acts and can serve as a main load-carrying structure, so that the production cost is reduced, and the process of the product is simplified.


Pressure plate assembly for a multiple disc clutch comprising: - a housing assembly (14) - a pressure plate (18) which is in the housing assembly (14) in the direction of an axis of rotation (A) and arranged to be movable with said housing means (14) is substantially non-rotatably coupled, - an intermediate plate (32) which (A) is movably disposed in the housing assembly in the direction of the axis of rotation and rotationally fixed to the housing assembly (14) is substantially coupled, - bears a Luftwegvorgabeanordnung (118) for the intermediate plate (32) comprising provided at least one on the intermediate plate (32) sensing member (120) attached to one when carrying out a release movement of the pressure plate (18) displacing module (90, 122) and according to the displacement of this module (122) a release movement of the intermediate plate (32) allows said acting through the intermediate plate (32) Zwischenplattenluftkrafterzeugungsanordnung (108) which is biased at least one scanning element (120) in contact with the assembly (90, 122) . characterized in that on the intermediate plate (32) or the housing assembly (14) at least one rotary coupling protrusion (102) is provided, which for producing a rotary joint between the intermediate plate (32) and housing assembly (14) in a rotary coupling recess (104) of the other element of engages the intermediate plate (32) and housing assembly (14) and wherein the Zwischenplattenluftkrafterzeugungsanordnung (108) comprises at least one located approximately circumferentially extending leaf spring member (110) for generating the biasing action in a first support region (112) with respect to the housing assembly (14) in the direction the rotation axis is supported (a) and in a second support region (114) with respect to the intermediate plate (32) in the direction of the axis of rotation (a) is supported, wherein the at least one leaf spring element (110) in at least one of the supporting regions (112, 114) with respect to the associated component of the intermediate plate (32) and Gehauseanor dnung (14) substantially in the circumferential direction ...