Holloway, Elizabeth M. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2013. Engineering Students at Typically Invisible Transition Points: A Focus on Admissions and the Sophomore Year. Major Professors: Teri Reed and Patrice Buzzanell. As of 2012, women are approximately 19% of all engineering undergraduate students nationally (American Society for Engineering Education, 2012). Women's representation in engineering has not changed significantly over the last 20 years, despite increased attention, increased funding, and increased programmatic activities intended to encourage more women to become engineers. Research around the world continues to seek identification of the reasons for the underrepresentation of women in engineering. This prior work has focused primarily on two broad areas: recruiting, that is, preparation, socialization, exposure, and experiences prior to college; and retention, that is, experiences in higher education. Retention studies and programmatic responses to those studies mostly have been confined to the collegiate first year, a time of historically high attrition. Little attention has been paid to the university admissions process, one of the gateways to engineering studies. Little attention also has been paid to the experiences of college sophomores, whose attrition rates approach those of first-year college students. The first section of this dissertation presents a statistical analysis that indicated a bias in favor of men in the admission process. Success factor modeling suggested a different set


Knowledge cooperation based on network platform is an important approach for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. This paper based on the social network theory and value creation theory, explores the influence of knowledge cooperation on enterprise innovation performance, and introduces network characteristics as situational variables .The network characteristics are divided into two dimensions: network position and network relationship. This paper studies network position, network relationship and the interaction of both how to moderates the knowledge cooperation and innovation performance. Using 53 high-end equipment manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai as a sample, the empirical study is carried out by hierarchical regression analysis and three-way interaction analysis. The results show that, knowledge cooperation has the positive effect on enterprise innovation performance. Network position moderates the relationship between knowledge cooperation and enterprise innovation performance in a flat inverted-U function. Network relationship positively moderates the relationship between knowledge cooperation and enterprise innovation performance. The interaction between network position and network relationship moderates the relationship between knowledge cooperation and firm innovation performance in a sharp inverted-U function.


in their book American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present, contemporary philosophers Erin McKenna and Scott Pratt identify "living in a context of difference" as the central philosophical issue in the history of the United States. They credit W. E. B. Du Bois with having identified racial difference as one particular version of this general issue: "Du Bois once declared that the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line—the problem of the coexistence of differences that figure in our existence as members of communities" (McKenna and Pratt 2). For McKenna and Pratt, this continues to be the central philosophical problem in the United States, and perhaps globally, today: "From the perspective of the post-9/11 world, the formative problem continues to be the coexistence of difference" (2). As they point out, one possible response by members of hegemonic groups in contexts of difference is to force a dichotomy upon members of other groups: either assimilate or be excluded. The alternative response is pluralism: differences in moral values, philosophical ideals, and religious beliefs among peoples and groups, for instance, are real, but different peoples and groups can coexist and even cooperate. For McKenna and Pratt, there is an American pluralist tradition that can be traced historically through the mainstream philosophical voices of classical pragmatist philosophers like Charles Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, and through philosophically neglected voices such as Ida B. Wells-Barnett, Simon Pokagon, and many others. In my interpretation of their view, pluralism means the principled embracing and nurturing of difference in philosophical ideals, moral values, religious beliefs, and political and economic arrangements among peoples who co-exist and cooperate. __s __n __l


The DRADEM campaign was performed from July 9th to 21th 2016 on board the Pourquoi Pas?, in the Exclusive Economic Zones of Suriname and French Guyana. This campaign belongs to a program dedicated to geological investigations of the Demerara plateau, following the GUYAPLAC (2003) and IGUANES (2013) campaigns, and before the MARGATS campaign (2016). The aims of the DRADEM campaign were to map the continental slope of the transform margin north of the Demerara plateau, and to dredge the rocks outcropping in the slope.
We completed the bathymetric mapping of the continental slope, including part of the edged of the Demerara plateau. These new bathymetric data confirm the segmentation of the transform margin in three parts with very different morphologies. In addition, two circular structures were interpreted as mud volcanoes, one on the northern edge of the plateau, the other one in the distal part of the Orinoco deep sea fan.
Twelve dredges were performed between 4700 and 3500 m depths. Four from these twelve did not recovered rocks. The eight others brought back variables amounts of rocks, often encrusted, but of various natures: sediments (breccia, coarse sandstones, sandstones with plants debris, sandstones with shells, clayey ooze), micro-granular rocks and metamorphic rocks (including mylonite). The nature of the rocks was determined from macroscopic observation of the rocks, which are currently altered. Of course, these determinations need to be validated and specified by onshore further studies. Anyway, most of these rocks were previously unknown in this area, and they will strongly influence our understanding of the structure and evolution of this margin. They evidence huge vertical displacements that brought back to the surface some of these rocks that formed in a deep setting.


Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus(GAS) can cause a variety of infectious diseases, acute pharyngitis, and impetigo are the most. Non-suppurative complications can be followed after GAS infections, such as acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis. GAS pharyngitis has no specific differences with other pathogens. Throat culture or rapid antigen detection test(RADT) should be done to determine whether GAS infections. Children with acute GAS pharyngitis should receive antibiotic therapy. Penicillin is the recommended antimicrobial agent.

Key words:
Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus; Acute pharyngitis; Rheumatic fever; Antistreptolysin O


Type of funding sources: None.

 Mitral dysfunction is a commonly found valvular abnormality in the US. The association between mitral dysfunction with sudden death is both complex and controversial.

 To assess mitral dysfunction as a potential risk factor for sudden death using medical and autopsy records in a population-based registry of sudden deaths.

 From 2013-2015, out-of-hospital deaths aged 18-64 reported by Emergency Medical Services in Wake County, North Carolina were screened to adjudicate 399 sudden death victims. Medical records were available in 270 victims, echocardiograms in 53, and autopsies in 64. Echocardiogram reports of none/trace/trivial mitral insufficiency were compared to patients with mild, moderate, or severe insufficiency. Autopsy reports for thickened mitral leaflets, calcification, and redundancy were reviewed. Additionally, available echocardiograms from a control group of 1101 patients were reviewed for mitral insufficiency. Demographics and clinical comorbidities were assessed from medical and death records. Mean, t-tests, and a bivariate logistic regression were estimated, as appropriate.

 Of the 53 victims with echocardiograms, mean age was 53 years, 36 (65.5%) were male, and 21 (39.6%) were African-American. Victims with available echocardiograms were more likely to have congestive heart failure (41.8%), coronary artery disease (50.9%), and diabetes (47.3%) compared to victims without echocardiograms. None/trivial/trace insufficiency was present in 27 victims (50.9%), mild insufficiency in 18 (34.0%), and moderate-severe insufficiency in 8 (15.1%). There was no association between severity of mitral insufficiency with demographic covariates or comorbid conditions. The presence of structural mitral valve abnormalities, including thickened leaflets, calcification, and redundancy of the mitral valve, were present in only 8 (12.5%) of 64 victims with autopsies. In a control group of 1101 date-matched patients from the same county, 57 (4.8%) patients had an echocardiogram available. 14 (24.6%) of these patients had mild-moderate mitral insufficiency.

 Mitral insufficiency and structural abnormalities of the mitral valve are often identified in echocardiograms or autopsies of sudden death victims. Living controls had approximately half the prevalence of mitral insufficiency, suggesting that mitral dysfunction and its associated comorbidities are associated with sudden death.


: The direct synthesis of chalcopyrite Cu 2 MnSnS 4 (CMTS) thin films by a spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates under oxidative conditions (ambient atmosphere and using compressed air as a carrier gas instead of nitrogen) was studied. The e ff ect of the deposition temperature on the structural, chemical composition, and optical and electrical properties of thin films has been assessed. X-ray di ff raction study reveals that the tetragonal stannite structure crystallizes with a [112] preferential orientation from 280 up to 360 ◦ C, with its crystallinity correlated with the substrate temperature. However, in addition to its crystallization, traces of secondary phases are observed: a mixture of SnO and CuO at 360 ◦ C prevails on the formation of CuS at 320 ◦ C. Above 360 ◦ C, the oxidant conditions combined with the loss in sulfur lead to the crystallization of only the tenorite CuO. The crystallization of sulfides by spray pyrolysis under air is possible only at relatively low deposition temperature for which the oxidation rate is ine ffi cient compared to the sulfidation rate. Further optical studies of stannite films indicate a high absorption coe ffi cient toward the visible range ( > 10 4 cm − 1 ) and an optical band gap of about 1.64–1.85 eV, also depending on the substrate temperature. The CMTS thin films deposited below 360 ◦ C exhibit a moderate electrical resistivity of about Ω · cm at room temperature. The properties of the stannite films synthesized using a spray pyrolysis technique in ambient air are comparable to those of films obtained by spray pyrolysis with nitrogen carrier gas despite the presence of oxides traces, an increase in the deposition temperature improving the microstructure, and its related optical and electrical properties.


The structure of the hydraulic oscillation system of the thin slab caster at Tangshan Steel was introduced.The judgment and analysis of typical problems,the rapid solving of the problems in hydraulic and automatic control system were introduced also.


Humic substances, isolated from selected soils of the Russian Arctic, were investigated in terms of molecular composition and stabilization rate. The degree of polar soil organic matter stabilization was assessed with the use of modern instrumental spectroscopy methods. The analysis of humic acid (HAs) preparations showed that aliphatic fragments prevail in the organic matter isolated in polar soils. The predominance of aliphatic fragments was revealed in HAs from soils located in the coastal zone, which could be caused by regular refreshment of organic matter during sin-lithogenic process and processes of hydrogenation in HAs. Breaking of the C-C bonds and formation of chains with a high hydrogen content, which leads to the formation of aliphatic fragments in HAs, were noted. Data on the calculated atomic ratios of the elements in HAs are given and graphs show the main regularities in the formation of HAs and their properties. The integrated indicators of the molecular composition of humic acids of soils of the Russian Arctic are presented. The paper contains 4 Tables, 4 Figures and 44 References.


Tracking and monitoring athletic activity offers individuals with additional motivation to continue such behavior. An individual may track his or her athletic activity by utilizing a wearable device assembly configured to monitor various aspects of athletic performance. In some embodiments, the wearable device assembly may comprise a USB-type device having athletic functionality and configured totransmit to and/or receive data from an external computing device.


Bragg reflector devices have been built in semiconductor materials. Many applications covering the realization of surface emitting laser diodes and mirrors activated under an electrical field have been demonstrated. Experimental results are obtained showing the optical non-linearities induced by light carrier interactions in GaAs/GaAlAs Bragg reflectors, in the subpicosecond regime. The reflectivity maximum of the mirror is 78% at 675 nm. In this spectral domain GaAs layers are absorbant, so the peak reflectivity is not optimized. By focusing an intense femtosecond pulse on the mirror, the authors saturate the absorption of the GaAs layers. Then they obtain coherent interactions between the light reflected by the front surface of the sample and the light reflected by the deep layers. These interferences lead to a displacement of the secondary maxima towards the main peak and to a better contrast of the interference pattern.


The radar echoes received from rain during systematic observations carried out from January 1950 to January 1951 at the Radiophysics Laboratory, Sydney, N.S.W., are illustrated and described. Examples of echoes from melting and upper bands, non-freezing and frontal showers, thunderstorms, and echo masses are shown by vertical cross sections of the atmosphere through the point of observation.


AbstractA theory of turbulent shear flow over a sand bed is developed, addressing the instability principle of the fluid-granular bed interface leading to the formation of ripples. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the time-averaged continuity equation are analyzed using a 1/7-power law of the time-averaged streamwise velocity and treating the curvilinear streamlines by the Boussinesq approximation. The integration of the RANS equations leads to a governing dynamical equation of flow over a mobile bed. A near-bed flow layer of 3.5 times the ripple height is considered being affected by the ripples. The dynamical equation of the mobile sand bed is based on the Exner's sediment continuity equation in conjunction with the Meyer-Peter and Muller bed-load transport formula as modified to account for the effect of local bed slope attributable to bed forms. The coupled dynamical equations are then analyzed to estimate the parameters for the instability that results in the formation of ripp...


This study proposed the optimised PSO algorithm after the addition of Gaussian disturbance guided by hybrid narrow centre. By combining narrow centre and improved narrow centre particles, the hybrid narrow centre can be constructed. In the updating formula of particle velocity, Gaussian disturbance item controlled by hybrid narrow centre is used for replacing self-cognition item. Owing to the guidance of hybrid narrow centre, the convergence is accelerated, while the introduction of Gaussian disturbance can prevent the particles from falling into local optimum. The combination of hybrid narrow centre and Gaussian disturbance can effectively avoid premature convergence and greatly increase convergence rate.


INTRODUCTION:
Caustic ingestion can produce a progressive and devastating injury to the esophagus and stomach. Accidental or suicidal ingestion of acids is encountered more often in our country, whereas lye or alkaline corrosive injuries are more frequent in developed countries.
Stricture formation with dysphagia after the injury is unavoidable in some cases. In severe strictures, due to the complications and the ineffectiveness of the dilatation, esophageal replacement is often required.
Stomach and Colon interposition is a reliable esophageal replacement but colon is the most preferred conduit after caustic esophageal injury. It provides extended conduit length, reliable blood supply and long term function.
Complication following conduit interposition requiring intervention may be acute or chronic. Surviving patients suffer from anastomotic leaks followed by stricture formation and loss of intestinal continuity due to resection following conduit ischemia.
A stricture that are not amenable for dilatation and short segmental loss of conduit following conduit necrosis require complex procedures to re-establish swallowing and management will vary according to etiology. From this study, we are trying to provide management strategies for failed neck anastomosis after pharyngoesophageal reconstructions in corrosive injury esophagus.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:
To analyze the causes of failed neck anastomosis in pharyngo esophageal reconstructions after corrosive injury esophagus and to describe our management strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
All Patients who had undergone pharyngoesophageal reconstruction for corrosive stricture esophagus presenting with complication related to the conduit and neck anastomosis that are managed in our institution from the period of August 2010 to march 2013 were included in the study.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
All Patients presented with complications following pharyngoesophageal reconstruction in the neck following corrosive injury esophagus.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Patients underwent esophageal replacement for other etiologies such as esophageal malignancy, benign disorders of esophagus, esophageal perforation etc.
Patients have been investigated to identify the cause of conduit dysfunction with barium swallow, upper GI endoscopy mainly and Contrast enhanced CT scan of the neck and chest when and where it is necessary.
At the end of the study following data were analyzed: Demographic data such as age and sex, type of corrosive ingested, type of conduit and techniques used in primary surgery, etiology of failed neck anastomosis, investigations and mode of management.
RESULTS:
A total number of 23 patients who underwent conduit interposition for corrosive stricture esophagus presented with complications were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 10 to 50yrs. Most of the patients were young at age 16 to 35 years (74%). Out of 23 patients, 13 were females (56.5%) and 10 were males (43.5%).
Most of the patients consumed acid substance (95%), and only one patient in our study consumed alkali (18.75%).
In 23 patients, the corrosive ingestion was suicidal in 20 patients (87%) and in three patients, it was accidental (13%). Stomach and colon were used as conduits for esophageal replacement. Most common conduit was colon (87%). Of 20 patients who underwent colon bypass, Pharyngocolic type of anastomosis performed in 16 (70%) patients and esophagocolic anastomosis in 4 patients. 2 patients underwent esophagogastric anastomosis and one patient was referred to our center with failed jejunal interposition for reconstruction.
In the neck, Proximal anastomosis was either performed with single layer interrupted hand suturing technique with 000 Vicryl sutures or stapling technique using 25 mm circular stapler in 10 and 13 cases respectively.
Types of complications that needed operative intervention and various techniques used for revision procedures were described.
CONCLUSION:
Esophageal reconstruction remains a major therapeutic challenge for surgeons involved in the care of patients with corrosive injury esophagus. Despite major advances in intraoperative and postoperative care, morbidity rates continue to be high.
Whichever conduit is chosen, the operation requires careful planning and preparation of the patient, strict attention to the technical details of the operation, and dedicated postoperative care. With the above, good function of the esophageal substitute may be achieved in about 50–65% of patients Esophageal reconstructions often burdened with a significant percentage of postoperative complications. Management of both acute and long term complication following reconstruction is often complex and there is only limited experience about the strategies in the management of failed pharyngo esophageal reconstructions after corrosive injury esophagus in the literature. We have collected our experience regarding these complex problems and described our management strategies. Many of these repairs represent unique solutions tailored to the each type of complications that result in conduit dysfunction.
It should be emphasized that patients after such procedures should have long term follow up in specialized centers. Periodic examinations will be helpful in maintaining the function of conduit and quality of life with expert assistance and medical care. Careful evaluation of all possible reconstruction possibilities allows revision operation following conduit interposition feasible and restore conduit function in most patients.


This paper aims at studying the relationship between motivation of word of mouth and advertising's effect on the web (research materials: 300 pieces of scanner advertisements on the web). After factor analysis, nine factors are abstracted: emotion share, rewards, personal entertainment, community development, service improvement, community power, information rewards, punish/support businessman, self-image improvement. After regression analysis, model is established as follows: Y = 0.224 emotion share + 0.250 community development + 0.117 service improvement + 0.222 information rewards + 0.165 punish/support businessman.


Objective:To explore the risk factors,characteristics,and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) among the premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients.Methods:Three hundred and ten female patients with AMI who were treated in the hospital from January 2007 to January 2011 were divided into different groups according to menopause or not and the duration of menopause,then the risk factors,clinical manifestations,complications,and the fatality rates on thirtieth day after admission to hospital in different groups were compared.Results:The incidence of hyperlipidemia in premenopausal AMI female patients was significantly lower than that in postmenopausal AMI female patients(OR=8.151,P=0.005);there was statistically significant difference in the incidence of typical chest pain symptom among the female patients of different age groups(OR=0.881,P= 0.001) and different durations of menopause(OR=2.600,P=0.025);there was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of severe arrhythmia and heart failure(KillipⅡ grade) among the female patients of different durations of menopause(P0.05).Diabetes mellitus combined with heart failure was an independent risk factor to predict fatality rate of postmenopausal AMI female patients(OR=1.081,P=0.043;OR=12.339,P0.001).Conclusion:The premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients with AMI have different clinical characteristics,different preventive and therapeutic measures should be adopted according to the clinical characteristics.


Abstract Demographic growth has in recent years been one of the determining characteristics of African development, and if projections are correct, the continent is set to become a population superpower. Its proportion of the world population, especially relative to the "old continent", is increasing in a historically unprecedented manner, and its inhabitants are younger than ever. Although it is still difficult to assess whether this trend should be regarded as an opportunity or as a potential risk factor, it is already possible to discern the first definitive signs of how this evolving new distribution of demographic power is shifting Africa's geopolitical and economic position in today's polycentric world.


Evidence from behavior and from nest architecture implicates Vespula squamosa as a temporary, apparently facultative social parasite ofV. maculifrons. A nalysis of66 V. squamosa nests collected in northern Georgia revealed that 54 were initially built by V. maculifrons. Three very young V. maculifrons nests, each with a V. squamosa queen and workers ofboth species, confirmed the parasitic propensity. Fig. 1. Portion of a subterranean nest of Vespula squarnosa. A typical mature nest would contain a stack ot four to eight horizontal combs with cells opening downward, these being enclosed bs a multilasered paper envelope. Nest expansion occurs laterally and downward, and the casitv is enlarged by workers as more space is needed. The dorsal surface of the oldest worker comb (left) and the inside of the envelope that covered it (right), which has been folded away from it, clearly show the lighter color and different texture of V. maculilrons paper in the center. This nest is approximatelv the size of a softball. sent nests initiated by V. squamiiosa queens, in which caLse the parasitism is facultatise. Sinec the smallest unequivocally usurped nest contained it least twice as mans cells as a typical queen nest (9), V. squamo.sa queens may not discover host nests until after the first host workers become active. Alternatively, usurpation might occur so earls in some colonies that it cannot be detected by study nest architecture. A precedent for the latter exists in another hostparasite Vevpul1a pair, the inquiline V. arctica Rohwer queen and V. arenaria (F) host queen aLre present together very soon after nest building and before emergence of host workers (10). Thus, the question of whether the socially parasitic hehasior ot V. squamosa queens is obligatorv or faLcultative cannot be conclusisels determined at this time (II). EmerN 's rule. a general axiom regarding social parasitism, states that the closest relativ c of a social paLrasite tends to be the free-li. ting species from which the parasite stock was derived (1, p. 360). According to one classification of Nearctic Vespula, V. squamuiosa and V. maculiJrons are not closely related but are assigned to different species groups (12). Moreover, V. squamiiosa appears wrongly placed in the same species group with V. vidua (13). Thus, it reported parasitism of V. vidua by V. squamosa (6) in fact occurs, it seems that two distantly related species may be parasitized bs a species not closely related to either host. This apparent violation of Emery's long-standing generalization suggests that pressures leading to the evolu(t) 4 tion of temporary, apparently facultatise parasitism by V. squancosa mav hbase heen quite ditrerent from other cases ot social parasitism, in which close associaLtion hetween two species would seem facilitated by common communicative channels and other shared behasioral patterns. JOHtN [. MN v DON AIA) ROBERtV. MAsT111iiS Department of Entomnology Lniver.sity of Georgia, A then.s 30602 References and Notes E. 0. Wilson, The Insect Societies (Harvard UniV Press, Cambridge. Mass., 1971) 2. The tour genera include Poliitec. Mischocvttaruc. escpa. and V espula. Vespula is divided into tcso suhbenera based on adult niorphologs Lnd nesting hahits. V Doliichovespilau construct aLerial ncsts and V [esptla/aI construct subterranean nests 3 Atrong Nearctiic Ve'cpu/au obhlicLtors permanent social parasites includc V ID/) arc ica Rohcwer in nests of V (1) aretiaril (L ) ind V ( V. h austriaca (Painzcr), s\hosc Nearctic host h,is not bccn locumented but which parasiti/es ril/l (L in Europc (/. p. 378) 4 C D F Miller. Cati. It totiolo S pp!l. 22, (1961) AS N Tissot and IA Riobinson, Fla. ntotoo/l. 37. 73 (194): A T Gaul. Bi/ll. Bricok/l ti /itotiol. Soc 42. 87 (1947) )uLr studs finds th,ct V vqtquaoS ccolonics persist lacte into cutunin and ts plc.lls consist of 2000 to 4000 \)1orkcrs Maiture nests contain up to 10.000 cells 6 L H[ Taslor. Ann. Entotriol/ Soc. 4ot. 32. 304 ( 1939) 7 Onc nest cont.incd 136ff tin cells, the othcr 2186 (31 percent mcI 48 pcrcent oit the tot,cl workcr cells. rcspectiecl\) Thtus. ilthoufch miiost ncst usurp.ition secems to occur cirls in the scison. [ i9idaOnoia queens ,crc apparcrfnls zcblc to inv;.de esen well-est.Lblished Va.ma/clilrons colonies. Moreosver rcpecLtcd Llsurpimtions cit the s,limlc Itcst nias occur, three ncsts collcctcd in late luls cnd carls Autust 1974 contclcncd t'roric 3 to > scquccmocsa qucen carcasses in the nest c.vs its together s ith c lice quccn in cich Sitiliarls Iuine e\cications ol c crc \ ounci V.oc m d/li/rcons nests in 197S suggest conspccitiC suIperscdure thc lirst st.,c in thc cvoluticon ol socizil par.csitisill LIS pcstukited bs TslOor (6): Iriroic onc to tircc Ifrcshlskilled I niacul/iront queenis \crc founnd hcbn.cath nest oll soIme miaculdi/riotI colonicts 8 S. E Scakaganilccittd K. Li kusf iciiw. Inicctic' Si)aicctuc 4. (19S7f) 9 D)ocLimented qLeecn necst sizes c' the suhbtecnus V cc pidl/a arc te.buhUt illost htiC coint,iincd ')0 to 40 cells [J P. Spridbcrs WUasps (Unniv of' Washington Press. Se,ittcle 1973)] 10 fi E Esans Insect Viorld Dig. 2,6(197) 11 Obligitors. tciitpor.cr socicil p.cr.csitisit bctiscsn species, so coiimron in the ints. hais not heen doticmiientcd in the sociial c;asps (I/)i C Bequaert. Ertomio/ lotn 12. 78 (1931) The subicenus Vescula/c is divcided on the hb,sis ol adul ct nicorphologs and bilolto into zit lezcst ti%o spccics groups, V vaId/icric (1 .) i(i nu rV /tc (E.L 13 C ompar;itivc tiest zirchitcCtccr.il behac vioral, iiiorphological. and clectrophoretic data currentls undcr studs strotgls indicate thit V cqiaccoicic is cc rongls cligncd cit tcthe I rid/fi grouip to ic hich * dlti is Issisncd. 3 luls 1f975 recisedf 4 AicIlust 1f)7 On Evoked Potentials, Cognition, and MIemory Begleiter and Porjesz (1) report a study of the effects of decision-making processes on event-related brain potentials (ERP) recorded at the vertex. They have obtained data which "demonstrate the relationship between specific components of the ERP to a sensory stimulus and a cognitive decision about the physical attributes of that stimulus." From this finding they derive the suggestion "that these patterns of neural activity might reflect the activation of memory traces about the specific experience." The relation between evoked potential components and cognitive activity which Begleiter and Porjesz report is well known. The data they present suggest that the principal decision-related FRP component they record is the P300 component. This being the case, the conclusions that they draw concerning memory are un-


"Contextualizing Ernest Dichter within modern consumer culture and the rise of psychological approaches to post-war consumption in Europe and the US, this book argues that 1950s motivation research gives a unique vantage point from which to address questions of the transatlantic transfer of the cultures and institutions of consumption and marketing"


Eimeria tenella is an obligate intracellular parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. As described for other members of Apicomplexa, apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) has been shown to be critical for sporozoite invasion of host cells by E. tenella. Recently, an E. tenella paralogue of AMA1 (EtAMA1), dubbed sporoAMA1 (EtAMA3), was identified in proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of E. tenella, but not further characterized. Here, we show that EtAMA3 is a type I integral membrane protein that has 24% −38% identity with other EtAMAs. EtAMA3 has the same pattern of Cys residues in domains I and II of AMA1 orthologs from apicomplexan parasites, but high variance in domain III, with all six invariant Cys residues absent. EtAMA3 expression was developmentally regulated at the mRNA and protein levels. EtAMA3 protein was detected in sporulated oocysts and sporozoites, but not in the unsporulated oocysts or second‐generation merozoites. EtAMA3 is secreted by micronemes and is primarily localized to the apical end of sporozoites during host‐cell invasion. Additionally, pretreatment of sporozoites with rEtAMA3‐specific antibodies substantially impeded their invasion into host cells. These results suggest EtAMA3 is a sporozoite‐specific protein that is involved in host‐cell sporozoite invasion.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the election of star analysts leads to the conflict of interests between analysts\institutional investors and individual investors. And then, further investigate how the election results to influence the individual investors' decision making. Design/methodology/approach - Given the fact that earnings forecasts and stock ratings are the most important foundations for the investor's investment decision, the authors investigate the relationship among the earnings forecasts, abnormal returns and the election of star analyst. This paper further analyzes the impact factors on investors' decision. The data used in this paper for star analysts' information, analysts' forecast and recommendations, as well as stock performances-related data are from 2005 to 2012. Findings - This paper finds that mass media cannot select analysts with high forecast accuracy, and then misleads investors. It demonstrates that the analysts with poorer forecast ability and more optimistic stock recommendations are more prone to be entitled as star analysts by mass media, and these titled star analysts tend to show a poorer performance. Therefore, the star analyst worsens investors' cognition on analysts forecast ability and then misleads investors' decision making. Social implications - Media plays a critical role in corporate governance, information collection and diffusion and reducing the information asymmetry, however, it is good to know the role of media in financial markets from a broader perspective. Because media may also bring negative factors to the financial markets such as misguiding the investors and intensify the conflict of interests between analyst and individual investors. Originality/value - This paper supports a new perspective of the role of mass media in financial market, which is different from existing studies.


life. . . . poised on the cusp of [his] political involvements," where "the themes of his earlier, 'Aesthetic' poetry are held uniquely in balance with those of his later, more sociopolitially oriented works" (p. 129). Assorted "historical turns" seem to have been reflected in the year's new volume of Rossetti letters and biographical traces of lost historical figures such as Rebecca and Simeon Solomon and under-appreciated ones such as Lucy and William Michael Rossetti. Morris scholars, for their part, have focused much of their attention on his quasi-historical prose romances, long narrative poems, political essays, and evocations of "pilgrims, guests and refugees" in his time and ours.


The review notes that Irina Luchenetskaya-Burdina presents a wide panorama of the Russian cultural and literary life of the second half of the 19th century, in the context of which the artistic and journalistic heritage of Leo Tolstoy has been examined. The structure of the monograph is analysed, the breadth of coverage of the material is emphasised, as well as scientific approach to the studied problem, attractive to the general reader and at the same time promising. The review describes the range of problems considered by Irina LuchenetskayaBurdina, the successful and non-trivial observations of the author of the new book are noted.


Few classic philosophers are as popular as Immanuel Kant. Kant's ideas seem to be used ubiquitously in contemporary aesthetics discussions. Here, we critically review the way his ideas are being applied in empirical research. We focus on the four moments presented in the Critique of the Power of Judgment (first published in 1790) and show that Kant's precise (and sometimes counter-intuitive) use of language paired with his complex transcendental framework make interpretation of his work difficult. In some cases, colliding terminological systems easily lead to misinterpretations of his ideas. Further complicating matters, Kant developed a coherent and static description of judgments on the beautiful, while modern empiricists conduct experiments to construct a dynamic explanation of aesthetic experiences. These two approaches are difficult to reconcile. We outline points of tension and also areas where his ideas relate to and might motivate productive research questions.


Critical thinking is quite valuable to creative thinking epistemologically,ethically and socially,but various social deficiencies of critical thinking appear underneath the innovation waves,of which roots are explored cognitively,historically and educationally.The extensive social deficiency can be improved when both critical thinking and creative thinking are equally emphasized,analytical technique and personality cultivation are united,and crtitical thinking is clearly defined as one of the core values in the educational system based on relevant courses.


The project Production Scale Implementation of a Petroleum Contaminated Soils Bioreactor was launched in FY00 and showed that bioremediation can be performed under strictly controlled conditions. Initial results showed a 50 percent reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in soil from the Czechowice-Dziedzice refinery. It was determined that changes in the design and construction of the bioreactor could improve system performance.


With the development of silicon drift detectors (SDD), energy dispersive x-ray emission spectrometry is now capable of making compositional measurements of comparable precision as those that have been routinely obtained by wavelength dispersive spectrometers on electron microprobes [e.g., 1]. Large area silicon drift detectors, when placed near the specimen, subtend significantly larger solid angles than WDS detectors and so can make these measurements at considerably lower beam currents, making them particularly well-suited for use at the conditions ordinarily employed for scanning electron microscopes. The significantly lower resolution of SDDs compared to WDS spectrometers (although significantly improved over Si(Li) EDS detectors, particularly at low energies) limits their ability to make high precision measurements of minor element concentrations and precludes their determination of trace element concentrations. Additionally there are a number of severe x-ray peak overlaps that require a higher degree of energy/wavelength resolution than is possible with SDDs, despite the high quality of available EDS spectral deconvolution software. For these cases, WDS spectrometers are demonstrably superior in performance.


The compositional characteristics of light hydrocarbons,Mango parameter and maturity for 23 crude oil samples in the Tuha basin were studied systematically.The results show that the crude oils are rich in cyclanes,and the straight-chain alkanes content is very low,dominated by terrestrial organic matter.The MCH-I indicates that the crude oils contain Type Ⅲ kerogen.N61/N51 and(N61/N51)/(P2+P3+ N2) ratios of light hydrocarbon compounds have different molecular structural type,suggesting that the crude oils belong to terrestrial oils.Compositional characteristics of C7 light hydrocarbon fractions show that the methylcyclohexane content is higher than 50%,the dimethylcyclopentane content is lower than 9%,the n-heptane content is lower than 40%.The data is characteristic of coal-generated oils and mixed crude oils.The Heptane values and isoheptane values indicate that the crude oils are in the normal mature stage.The maximum generating temperature of the crude oils is between 91.16℃ and 102.22℃.


Improving college students' psychological capital can effectively enhance their employability. In the paper, the students from Jilin University of Finance and Economics were taken as samples to look into the current situation and influencing factors of psychological capital of college students by the questionnaire survey. The research finds that the differences in disciplines have the greatest impact on the overall level, and the differences between the source place and gender of the students have little effect on the overall level of the students' psychological capital, which are mainly reflected in the fluctuation of the differences among the dimensions. Aiming at the problems existing in the psychological capital of college students, the proper positive intervention measures are proposed in the paper from the external environment optimization intervention and internal model intervention. Keywords—Psychological capital; Hope; Self-efficacy; Optimism; Tenacity; Model intervention


Concentric mosaic offers a quick solution for the construction and navigation of a virtual environment. However, the associated huge amount of data presents a heavy burden for its application. In this paper, we propose the rebinning of slits (ROSS) approach for the compression of concentric mosaic. The proposed scheme decorrelates the 3D concentric mosaic data set by rebinning the vertical slits from all captured image shots into a 2D panorama, and then compresses the panorama with a highly efficient still image coder, such as JPEG2000. Unlike typical video coders that use motion compensation to decorrelate multiple frames, the rebinning converts 3D spatial correlation into stronger 2D correlation. Experimental results show that ROSS outperforms MPEG-2 coding of concentric mosaic by an average of 1.0dB.


20 21 Background . Burrowing mammals are important ecosystem engineers, especially in open 22 ecosystems in the arid and semi-arid regions, where they create patches that differ from the 23 surrounding matrix in their structure or ecosystem functions. 24 Methods . We evaluated the fine-scale effects of a subterranean ecosystem engineer, the western 25 blind mole rat mounds on the vegetation composition of sandy dry grasslands in Hungary. In this 26 model system we tested whether the characteristics of the patch (mound size) and the matrix 27 (total vegetation cover in the undisturbed grassland) influence the structural and functional 28 contrasts between the mounds and the undisturbed grasslands. We sampled the vegetation of 80 29 mounds and 80 undisturbed grassland plots, where we recorded the total vegetation cover, and 30 the list and cover of each vascular plant species. We used two proxies to characterise the patches 31 (mounds) and the matrix (undisturbed grassland): the perimeter of the mounds and the total 32 vegetation cover of the undisturbed grasslands. First, we compared the vegetation characteristics 33 of the mounds and the surrounding grasslands with general linear models. Second


Most seismic data is processed to optimize image quality for structural and stratigraphic interpretation, with little regard to preserving characteristics essential for successful seismic reservoir characterization. No matter how sophisticated the inversion algorithm, use of inadequately processed seismic data will severely impact the quality of the final interpretation. The objective of the paper is to quantify advantages of performing pre-stack data conditioning prior to reservoir characterization. Three specific seismic properties that will be addressed are: (1) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), (2) offset-dependent frequency loss, and (3) gather alignment. Seismic gather conditioning improved seismic data quality prior to pre-stack inversion by improving signal/noise ratio, removing NMO stretch and aligning reflection events. Velocities from residual moveout (RMO) analysis on individual sectors were used as input to detection of fracture orientation and anisotropy. In all of our integrated studies, our goal is to offer the greatest understanding of the depositional environment, so that decisions can be made with confidence. Reservoir characterization puts hefty demands on a seismic data set. Asset teams are asking for more accurate seismic estimates of hydrocarbon fluid fill and rock properties in reservoirs. To be able to meet these increasingly stringent demands, seismic data used for reservoir characterization need to be conditioned to remove as many undesirable effects as possible. Three wave-transmission effects that are commonly removed or reduced in pre-inversion gather conditioning are random noise, NMO wavelet stretch, and non-flat reflections. The gather conditioning workflow and processing results demonstrated that data that might be considered acceptable for normal structural interpretation could still be prone to large errors when subjected to prestack impedance inversion without first being conditioned. The conditioned gathers are significantly cleaner than original and difference plot shows that most of what has been removed is linear and random noise. Signal to noise ratio and event continuity have been considerably improved. Overlapping angle ranges improved the signal to noise ratio of the angle stacks which have approximately equal fold at interval of interest. This processing step significantly improved the seismic data gather quality and provided much more reliable seismic data for pre-stack as well as post-stack inversion process.


A systematic study of the properties of the output dark rays or singular skeleton for the Laguerre-Gaussian beam LG01 passed through double-phase-ramp converter is presented. When the DOE is discontinuous at the origin, as is the case here, the transfer function is not analytical, so that a special theoretical approach is needed. The previously reported formalism of scattering modes, which permitted the analytical calculation of arbitrary multisingular Gaussian beams, requires analyticity everywhere. We present here an adaption of this formalism that overcomes this limitation. The procedure is based on the differential operator algebra used in the previous construction. We give an example of diffraction of LG beams by a discontinuous DOE that can be solved completely in an analytical way using this adapted method. The experimental setup for the investigation of the considered problem with spatial light modulator is discussed. The theoretical and experimental skeletons are similar but not the same because initial conditions are slightly different. In the near future, we plan to obtain analytical solutions that reproduce exactly the initial field parameters used in the experiment.


Abstract:Previous research has demonstrated the association between sexual functioning and attachment orientation in women. However, the mechanisms of this relation are not yet well understood, and this effect has not been substantially investigated in men. The current study examines the role of sexual anxiety and dysfunctional beliefs about sexuality as mediators of the correlation of attachment orientation with sexual functioning and distress in both women and men. A university sample of men (n = 307) and women (n = 716) completed questionnaires assessing attachment orientation, sexual functioning, sexual distress, sexual anxiety, and dysfunctional sexual beliefs. Multiple regression analyses indicated that insecure attachment orientation significantly predicted poorer sexual functioning and higher sexual distress in both men and women. Path analyses showed partial mediation of these effects by sexual anxiety and dysfunctional sexual beliefs. Gender differences existed in the specific pattern of associations between the variables. These results suggest that attachment difficulties may facilitate the development of sexual difficulties through an increased vulnerability to maladaptive cognitions and negative affect (specifically anxiety) regarding sexuality.


Machine vision technology has attracted a strong interest among Finnish research organizations, which has resulted in many innovative products for industry. Despite this goal users were very skeptical towards machine vision and its robustness in harsh industrial environments. Therefore the Technology Development Centre, TEKES, which funds technology related research and development projects in universities and individual companies in Finland, decided to start a national technology program, "Machine Vision 1992–1996". Led by industry, the program boosts research in machine vision technology and seeks to put the research results to work in practical industrial applications. The emphasis is on nationally important, demanding applications. The program will create new business for machine vision producers and encourage the process and manufacturing industry to take advantage of this new technology. So far 60 companies and all major universities and research centers in Finland are working on our forty different projects. The key themes are Process Control, Robot Vision and Quality Control.


Summary By use of a tensor method, analytical transform formulae for isotropic partially polarized GSM beams propagating in anomalously dispersive media are derived. Based on the derived formula, the propagation properties of isotropic partially polarized GSM beams in anomalously dispersive media are studied in detail. The results show that the polarization and the irradiance distribution and the coherence degree properties are influenced by the anomalously dispersive media and beam's initial coherence. In addition, the evolution of the spectrum shows that spectrum splitting and spectral shift occur during propagation in anomalously dispersive media.


Almost all liquid dosage forms have preservative agents in their formulas in order to protect against microbial growth. However, researches indicate that preservatives are toxic, because depending on the administered concentration they can cause adverse reactions or intoxications. The inclusion of these agents in the formulation of a product should strictly follow the parameters of efficacy and safety, thus ensuring maximum antimicrobial protection without causing harm to users. For these reasons, this study aimed to examine the possible impacts on the quality of molecular dispersions for oral administration commercialized in Brazil as a result of changes in the concentration of excipients in the post-registration of medicines, particularly the "moderate" modification of preservative agents (5 – 10%). All formulas of molecular dispersions for oral use, as reference drugs, recorded at ANVISA in March 2009 were analyzed and the preservative agents were identified. The development of a matrix "drugs versus preservative systems" led to the definition of major preservative systems used industrially and their inclusions in eight formulas studied. The antimicrobial effectiveness tests conducted on these formulas indicated that half of them did not meet the acceptance criteria proposed in the official monograph (USP 32), beyond two other formulas that presented weak antimicrobial protection, because microbial growth in them was very close to the maximum allowed. Considering the risks that such changes may result in the conservation of a drug these negative values are worrisome, especially on an industrial scale and, at least, the formulas not approved should be retested.


An attempt was made to isolate microorganisms from the industrial effluents and to study their role in bioremediation of lead in selected industrial effluents. Sixty bacterial strains from the industrial effluent were isolated, purified, preliminarily identified and examined for their ability to uptake lead. Based on the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of lead for the selected isolates, six strains were found to be most resistant isolates and amongst them one isolate showed maximum resistance to lead which was identified as Bacillus cereus. Scan- ning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) signature of Bacillus cereus revealed that lead was adsorbed to the cell surface, confirming biosorption capacity of the bacteria.


The spectral analysis of heart rhythm variability was applied for quantitative evaluation of the functional condition of the human organism at stress. General and differential features of vegetative heart activity regulation at stress were discovered in those with different loading anamnesis. The conclusion is made regarding the feasibility of applying the method for evaluating the functional condition of human organism at stress, studying the «cost» of adaptation. Variants of changeability of adaptive reserves are investigated, interpretations of functional conditions depending on spectral characteristics of heart rhythm variability and rehabilitation arrangements are proposed.


Dynamic and static intensity light scattering techniques were employed to identify conditions allowing preparation of homogeneous solutions of distinct oligomeric states of RecA protein. These hydrodynamically distinguishable oligomer populations of RecA protein were obtained in homogeneous pure quantities sufficient for physical studies. Results indicate two fairly narrow distributions of RecA oligomers comprised on average of 42 ± 3 and 18 ± 1 RecA monomers. These structures, denoted RecA42 and RecA18, respectively, could be obtained reproducibly in milligram quantities and were stable for at least one week. This enabled reliable characterizations of their hydrodynamic properties by dynamic and total intensity light scattering. These measurements revealed RecA42 had an average translational diffusion coefficient, D20(L) = 8 ± 2 × 10−8 cm2/s, molecular weight, Mr = 1.6 ± 0.1 × 106, and radius of gyration, RG = 465 ± 29 Å. The smaller aggregate, RecA18, had D20(S) = 20.5 ± 2.5 × 10−8 cm2/s. Mr = 7.0 ± 0.4 × 105, and RG = 300 ± 20 Å. Heating RecA18 at 37°C overnight resulted in conversion to a species with hydrodynamic properties indistinguishable from RecA42, called RecA18/42. Conversion of RecA42 to RecA18 occurred almost instantaneously by 50% dilution at 38°C or very slowly with incubation at 4°C for at least 39 days.


A B S T RA CT Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an often fatal syndrome of recurrent infections, results from the inability of patients' peripheral blood phagocytic leukocytes to generate superoxide despite otherwise normal phagocytic functions such as ingestion and degranulation. Circulating granulocytes and monocytes are the progeny of bone marrow progenitor cells, colony-forming units in culture. Wecompared the function of cells grown in two different in vitro culture systems from the bone marrow of a CGDpatient with those from normal subjects. The cells of normal colonyforming unit in culture colonies grown in semisolid medium reduced nitroblue tetrazolium dye when stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate; none of the cells from colonies derived from CGDmarrow did so. Cells grown in liquid suspension culture from normal marrow generated superoxide nearly as well as normal peripheral blood granulocytes; those from CGD marrow produced no superoxide. Similarly cultured cells from both normal and CGDmarrow ingested opsonized bacteria at rates equal to peripheral blood granulocytes. CGDmarrow-derived cells showed increased exocytic degranulation relative to both normal marrow-derived cells and normal peripheral blood granulocytes. These studies demonstrate that the basic


Tropical landscapes are, in general, a mosaic of pasture, agriculture, and forest undergoing various stages of succession. Forest succession is comprised of continuous structural changes over time and results in increases in aboveground biomass (AGB). New remote sensing methods, including sensors, image processing, statistical methods, and uncertainty evaluations, are constantly being developed to estimate biophysical forest changes. We review 318 peer-reviewed studies related to the use of remotely sensed AGB estimations in tropical forest succession studies and summarize their geographic distribution, sensors and methods used, and their most frequent ecological inferences. Remotely sensed AGB is broadly used in forest management studies, conservation status evaluations, carbon source and sink investigations, and for studies of the relationships between environmental conditions and forest structure. Uncertainties in AGB estimations were found to be heterogeneous with biases related to sensor type, processing methodology, ground truthing availability, and forest characteristics. Remotely sensed AGB of successional forests is more reliable for the study of spatial patterns of forest succession and over large time scales than that of individual stands. Remote sensing of temporal patterns in biomass requires further study, in particular, as it is critical for understanding forest regrowth at scales useful for regional or global analyses.


ABSTRACT Ten major oxides and 27 trace elements were determined in 21 samples collected from four holes that were drilled into the fault-controlled coals of the Karapınar (Turkey) basin. On the basis of X-ray diffraction analyses, the coals contain, in order of abundance, calcite, quartz, dolomite, feldspar, mica, clay minerals, and gypsum. In samples from the study area, a high level of correlation was determined between Mo, Sb, As, U, and V, and S and TOC (Mo, r = 0.697; Sb, r = 0.902; As, r = 0.927; U, r = 0.653; V, r = 0.721). Relative to coals of the world, USA, Turkey, and China, coals of the study area are seen to be enriched up to 1,000 times with respect to Mg, Ca, Na, and K. The Karapınar coals were determined to be enriched in Pb, U, Ba, Cs, Nb, Y, Sr, Rb, Ni, Co, V, and Sc relative to average Turkish coals; in Mn, Na, Ca, Mg, Cs, Sr, Ni, and Cr relative to average Chinese coals; in Ti, K, Na, Ca, Mg, U, Ta, Ba, Cs, Sr, Rb, As, Ni, Co, V, and Cr relative to average worldwide coals; in Mn, P, Ti, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Si, U, Ta, Ba, Cs, Nb, Zr, Sr, Ni, Co, V, and Cr relative to average USA coals; and in Mn, P, Ti, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Sb, Nb, Zr, Sr, Rb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Sc relative to crustal averages (Clarke values). The aim of the present study was to determine the enrichment factors of the major- and trace-element contents of the Karapınar coals relative to coals of the world, USA, China, and Turkey, and to crustal averages.


Large aperture single crystal silicon turning flat mirrors provide a new method of high energy laser beam sampling for optical performance diagnostic measurements. This new sampling technique has been successfully implemented on the Alpha Laser Optimization program where transmitted beams through two, uncooled silicon mirrors have been used to measure total energy, instantaneous power, spectral content, and beam jitter. The accuracy of these measurements has been confirmed by independent measurements of these same parameters, and the results fall within expected error bars.


This paper introduces the purpose and design principle of the supervision data collector software, and emphasizes to discuss a kind of general-purpose supervision data collector software to carry out the technique and method.


The structure of gadolinium trichloride has been studied by joint gas-phase electron diffraction and mass spectrometry at T = 1160 K. The following thermal-average parameters have been determined: rg(Gd–Cl) = 247.4(5), rg(Cl⋯Cl) = 422.0(16), lg(Gd–Cl) = 9.6(1), lg(Cl⋯Cl) = 33.3(12) pm, Cl–Gd–Cl 117.0(11)°. A dynamic model taking into account the out-of-plane bending vibration anharmonicity was applied in the analysis. Previously obtained experimental data for LuCl3 and TmCl3 were also reanalysed using this model. Analysis in terms of the dynamic model indicates that GdCl3, LuCl3, and TmCl3 all have planar (D3h) equilibrium structures.


In this paper, the effect of time-dependent deformations (such as shrinkage and creep) on the interfacial stresses between a concrete beam and a fibre reinforced polymer plate is presented. The analysis given here involves a closed-form solution for such stresses and includes creep and shrinkage effects. The adherend shear deformations have been included in the present theoretical analysis by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both concrete beam and fibre reinforced polymer panel. Contrary to some existing studies, the assumption that both the concrete beam and the fibre reinforced polymer panel have the same curvature is not used in this investigation. The influence of creep and shrinkage effect relative to the time of the casting and the time of the loading of the beams is taken into account. Numerical examples of a typical concrete beam strengthened with an externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer plate are discussed with the emphasis on the shear and normal stresses at the edge of the plate.


Understanding the role played by emotion in relation to culture and nature is relevant to theories of religion and to issues of theological method. The extent to which one grants emotion independence from cognition may well determine whether one views religious experience as an avenue available to free one from culture or simply as the product of culture. In theories of religion the role played by emotion may determine both the integrity granted the subject's account of her or his experience and the appropriate methods for interpreting the general significance of the account. In regard to theological methodology, the role played by emotion will likely indicate whether experience is viewed as a relative consequence of construction and critique or the authoritative starting point for construction and critique.


Some of Jonathan Dancy's strongest arguments in support of moral particularism depend crucially upon the distinction he draws between three different kinds of relevance relations -- favourers, intensifiers and enablers. In this paper I generalize certain features of Dancy's account of the different roles that premises can play in moral argumentation. Most significantly, I argue that both intensifiers and enablers play parallel roles within different kinds of (more primitive) supplementation relations. This matters since it is common for people to accept Dancy's account of intensifiers while remaining suspicious of his notion of enablers. But this asymmetrical response, I argue, cannot be justified. This account also generates a simpler and more elegant argument in support of moral particularism.


In this paper, a new method based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed to solve the partner selection problem in a manufacturing virtual enterprise. Based on the concept of average delivery time satisfaction degree, the formulated partner selection problem is interpreted so as to maximise the score of average delivery time satisfaction degree. The model takes into account the factors of average delivery time satisfaction degree, due date, cost and the precedence of tasks. To solve the problem, an improved particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is proposed. Finally, the simulation of a numerical example and comparisons with the standard PSO algorithm demonstrate that the improved PSO algorithm can effectively improve the searching quality, and the method is effective.


Mathematical diagrams of viscosity and crystallization temperatures of melts of the CaO – SiO2 – Al2O3 – B2O3 system were created. To obtain them, experimental studies were carried out using the simplex-lattice method of experiment planning. It was used to study 35 slags containing (wt.%) 9.8-52 CaO, 33.6-70.4 SiO2, 16.0-51.52 Al2O3, 0-20 B2O3. The experiments were carried out on an electrovibrational viscometer in molybdenum equipment, in a stream of purified argon in the temperature range of 1 473–1 923 K.


Twenty patients with hepatic carcinoma were studied by means of anlysing tbe poychogenic troubles that they worry about,It is suggested that the development of the illness depends upon the mental facts. If the nurses want to grant the requirement of the paients as a social person, abate the patients psychogenie load, elevate the tife quality of the patients, they must not only find out the patients psychogenie troubles, but also resolve the troubles.


site interfering with hypothalamic neuroendocrine secretion, and abnormal thrombopoiesis interfering with ADH levels in blood. This case illustrates a lesser-known cause for central dia-betes insipidus. While other more common etiologies of CDI should still be considered first, recognition of this associa-tion can provide clarity to the origin of DI in select patients.


IntroductionThe focus of rural medical education is often on the expected outcomes, in terms of addressing the human resource challenges faced by rural communities, by giving students an orientation to and understanding of rural health care (1-5). While it is often recognised that many additional skills can be learnt in rural areas, an asset-based approach which focuses on what rural placements can offer medical training as a whole is seldom adopted.It is for this reason that rural communities have seldom been considered as useful avenues to facilitate medical education, instead of simply as alternative geographical and demographic settings. Although there are some good examples of rural based medical education providing an innovative form of learning that is not offered in urban sites (6-8), the focus is more often on strategies that will improve access to health care.This paper describes a clinical rotation introduced into the programme for final year medical students in the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg, South Africa. This rotation has been vital in achieving major goals of the overall degree programme, which has a commitment to integration, theoretically at least, at the same time as exposing students to primary care and rural practice.The programmeThe Wits Faculty of Health Sciences launched a new curriculum for medical students, the Graduate Entry Medical Programme (GEMP), in 2003. As part of the development of this curriculum, it was agreed that the new programme should maintain its international standards of excellence, while preparing students for the health care needs of all South Africa's citizens. Core competencies agreed upon included providing comprehensive patient care in a plurality of health and social contexts, developing and delivering appropriate care beyond the immediate consultation, and professional cultural and social competencies. The graduating doctor is expected to have an appreciation of the strengths and contributions of other members of the health care team, the organisation of primary care and community health services, referral systems linking primary secondary and tertiary care and the associated human resource needs in the main health care settings in South Africa, as well as the common clinical conditions presenting to primary, secondary and tertiary care settings.As one contribution towards achieving these aims, the faculty supported a proposal from the Division of Rural Health for the development of a new rotation for final year medical students (GEMP 4) to spend six weeks of their training based in primary health care settings. As a consequence, the Integrated Primary Care (IPC) block became one of the seven compulsory rotations in final year.A planning committee (the IPC team) was formed in 2004 comprising of representatives of each of seven disciplines identified as relevant to and which were interested to be involved in the rotation, namely Paediatrics, Family Medicine, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Psychiatry, Public Health and Surgery. Under the leadership of the Chair of Rural Health this integrated planning team worked over an 18 month period to develop an operational framework for the IPC block, identifying objectives, key learning areas and assessment activities. A feature of the block, it was agreed, would be to integrate the three critical areas of student development, community engagement and service delivery. The IPC team decided the overarching aim of the block would be to provide an opportunity for students -to experience and to practise integrated primary care medicine that is responsive to patients, their families and communities". The IPC block was launched in January 2006, as the new curriculum rolled out for the final year students. The GEMP 4 class is divided into groups of about 30 students, each of which completes seven rotations of six weeks, one of which is the IPC block. …


This report presents results of measurements of longitudinal wave ultrasonic scattering from complex defects embedded in Ti-alloy by the diffusion bonding process. The defects examined are: circular and elliptical cracks, two overlapping voids consisting of a sphere and a prolate spheroid, two adjacent spherical voids, and a spherical void with an encircling crack. Representative plots are given for the raw waveforms, magnitude (and sometimes the phase) of the deconvolved Fourier transform, and in some cases the time impulse response function. The data are compared to or analyzed in terms of several current theories. While good quantitative agreement was observed over certain ranges, the comparisons point to definite (in some cases not unexpected) limitations in either the pertaining theory or experiment or both. Finally, the results are discussed with an eye toward applications. OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH The objective of this task was to carry out experimental studies on metallic components containing defects in its interior with the aid of bulk wave ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. The investigation had the goals of (1) the design of specimens containing irregular shaped bulk flaws; (2) the characterization of the flaws in experiments which guide and evaluate theoretical scattering models; (3) the testing of inversion algorithms; and (4) the prediction of fatigue lifetime and failure. The approach was to use diffusion bonded samples as primary test medium. Measurements were made of the angular and frequency or time domain variations of the scattered signals. The results were employed to guide the development of theoretical approaches and to test specific theoretical predictions· for the cases of multiple and irregular flaws. As a guide, experimental comparisons of the differences and similarities of the scattering properties of irregularly shaped flaws and ellipsoids were used to identify those aspects of the theory which needed further work and to indicate what physical approximations seem most appropriate. Approximate theories were then checked after development. Similarly the experimental data were used to guide and check inversion algorithms in their attempt to reconstruct the shape, size, and orientation of the flaws. This information was then inserted into fracture mechanics to predict fatigue lifetime and failure, predictions which for selected samples were tested in actual fatigue cycle experiments.


Process design as well as equipment specifications and selection can cause unintended problems following unit revamps. Identification of the true constraints may result in significant capital savings


Objective To analyze the treatment effect of Vancouver type-B2\B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty with long stem uncemented femoral prostheses.Methods Twelve patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty from December 2005 to March 2008 were studied,including 8 males and 4 females,aged 69-82 years,74.83 years on average.According to the classification of Vancouver,there were 7 cases of type B2 and 5 cases of type B3.All cases were treated with long stem uncemented femoral prostheses revision plus allograft cortical strut bone.Results Twelve cases were followed up for 10-32 months.X-ray showed that the lost bone was obviously recovered,the fracture line disappeared,and the host bone and bone graft achieved bony union.There was no stem loosening,infection or fracture.Hip functions were evaluated by the Harris score,and the mean Harris score was 87.83,excellent(90) in 6 cases,good(80~89) in 6 cases,and fair and poor in none(80).100% of them obtained excellent or good scores.Conclusion Using long stem uncemented femoral prostheses with allograft cortical strut bone is an effective method for treating Vancouver type-B2\B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty.


Simultaneous modal control and on-chip coherent combining of broad-area diode lasers have been demonstrated in a novel laser structure which can be expanded to a monolithic coherently combined laser array for high-power high-brightness applications.


In this paper, a method of binary based on the threshold of the calculated character expectation value of the image's grey degree distributing is proposed. The segmentation of image object is presented based on mathematical morphology method. Applied to binary and segmentation in vehicle license plate image with noise, the experiment indicated that it had good behaving on calculate complication-executing time-binary effect and applying rang, The morphology segmentation arithmetic had high segmentation precision and good effect on lining out.


Details of the principal vessels of the world's specialised heavy-lift fleet are given in terms of year of construction, dimensions, tonnage, lifting capacity and equipment. Derrick systems are discussed in some detail, and recent arrangements are described. The use of ro-ro ships for handling heavy cargo is considered, as well as the competition from other nontraditional sources, all of which have served to increase the difficulties facing the heavy lift operator.


ABSTRACT This study summarizes the results of a comparative analysis for the use of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) as opposed to the use of conventional fuel (CF) specifically for Thailand's palm oil industry and the possible environmental impacts. RDF in this study was prepared by using municipal solid waste (MSW) from the Lamae Municipality in Chumphon, which has one of the largest palm oil industries in Thailand. The RDF was prepared from two main waste components, paper and low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE) in five various ratios. The RDF and CF from the palm oil industry, such as wood and biomass, were analyzed for their heating properties and potential environmental impacts in terms of their global warming potential, acidification, and human toxicity. From this analysis it was concluded that RDF0:100 has greater value and is highly recommended to co-combust or replace CF in the palm oil industry.


The residue contents in organic food is significantly distinguishable from conventionally produced food. While in conventional products residues can often be detected organic food is to a high percentage (95%) free of residues.


The interactions between multiple H2/O2 coaxial jet flames are investigated by a full three-dimensional LES approach. The numerical simulation under atmospheric pressure condition is conducted for a cylindrical combustor equipped with three coaxial injector elements. Although the three flames merge together at the downstream location, the combustion field observed in the current combustor configuration is dominated by diffusion combustion. The analysis of resolved kinetic energy spectrum reveals that turbulent structures are significantly affected by the collisions between turbulent shear layers. The comparison with the result of a single element combustor also reveals that the O2 jet injected from the injector positioned in the center tends to be longer due to the interactions between flames.


The cultural connotation is one of the major features of traditional Chinese gardens, and it is often formed through poetry, books and paintings. In this paper, with the research of Jade Ribbon Bridge Poetic Painting of Qing Dynasty, the origin of the painting and the direction of the"Jade Ribbon Bridge"in the painting are defined, the differences between the "Jade Ribbon Bridges"of Hangzhou and Beijing are analyzed, and the creation thought and cultural background of the Jade Ribbon Bridge in Kunming Lake are sorted out. It is thus shown that the broad participation of various arts makes the Jade Ribbon Bridge leap from a bridge engineering to a featured landscape and gives it vivid image and rich implication.


A model with respect to the reverse logistics system in which consisting of a depot and lots of dispersed customers is developed and analyzed.To deal with the high uncertainty of the returns,the variable of inventory buffer and quality coefficient are introduced in the model.To solve the problem,a heuristic algorithm is designed,which customers are clustered firstly and then clusters are adjusted by insertion algorithm based on TSP.This proposed algorithm is successfully applied to a case and the result indicates the algorithm is practicable and valid.


We examined the presence of January effect in international stock returns for the recent time period, January 1997 to December 2014.  Our results provide conclusive evidence that January effect no longer exists in stock returns during recent years.  These results were remarkably consistent when we investigated existence of January effect by sub-periods separating the time period of 2008-09 when stock market largely plummeted internationally.  The results of this study support growing literature that indicates January effect does not exist anymore in stock returns.


Treating facial rhytids may require botulinum toxin doses as much as five times higher in the upper facial muscles than the lower facial muscles, according to findings of a recent study.


Synthetic gels with switchable interfacial properties have great potential in smart devices and controllable transport. Herein, we design an organogel by incorporating a binary liquid mixture with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) into a polymer network, resulting in reversible modulation of lubrication and adhesion properties. As the temperature changes, the lubricating mechanism changes reversibly from boundary lubrication to hydrodynamic lubrication due to the phase separation within the binary solution permeating the gel (friction coefficient from 0.4 to 0.03). Droplets appear on the gel surface at low temperature and disappear when the temperature is higher than the critical phase separation temperature (T ps ) of organogel. This organogel possesses a relatively low ice adhesive strength (less than 1 kPa). This material has potential applications in anti-icing and smart devices, and we believe that this design strategy can be expanded to other systems such as aqueous solution and hydrogels.


This thesis defends the cognitive penetration of perception. Cognitive penetration can be roughly defined as those cognitive influences on perceptual systems which have consequences for the modularity of mind and epistemic theories of perceptual justification. The thesis focuses mainly on the visual system and shows that cognitive penetration occurs in early and late vision. The results of this thesis are supported by philosophical arguments as well as empirical evidence.


The existence and development of the enterprise are inseparable from customers.The only way is continuous to understand customer needs,meet customer needs to achieve customer satisfaction in order to create and maintain customers and ultimately win more customers.The world has entered the era of the service economy,and how to implement service marketing strategies based on customer satisfaction becomes an important topic of modern enterprise in market competition.Enterprises should construct a customer-satisfaction service marketing strategy in the fields of service strategy,service procedures,personnel management and continuous improvement.


This study is a cae study on the architectural environmental design in apartment houses. First of all, in this study, we defined the architectural environmental design which is consisted of thermal, light, sound and air quality. Secondly, we studied the green building certification method and the difference are analyzed. From this study, we knew that architectural environmental design contributed to improve the real housing environment performance. The architectural environmental design has a better effect when it is applied on the initial design stage and it was required a serious discussion and closely communication between architect and other consultants.


The response of a noisy FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neuron-like model to weak periodic forcing is analyzed. The mean activation time is investigated as a function of noise intensity and of the parameters of the external signal. It is shown by numerical simulation that there exists a frequency range within which the phenomenon of resonant activation occurs; resonant activation is also observed in coupled FHN elements. The mean activation time with small noise intensity is compared with the theoretical results.


Based on the comparative analysis of city and suburbs,using data of Xi'an urban heat island effect from 1959 to 2007,the introduction of sudden change analytic method and every year's urban population of Xi'an,49 years' seasonal changing characteristics of heat island effect in Xi'an and their causes were analyzed,which indicated that: Xi'an heat island effect rose up in a form of straight line at 0.322℃/10 a and there were two sudden change years,namely 1980,1993.The main contribution to the heat island effect is the rise of relatively low temperature.Xi'an heat island effect changes seasonally,the strongest in spring,followed winter and summer,and autumn the weakest.There is a strong linear relationship between the heat island effect and population.The city's development has an impact on the seasonal changes of heat island effect,the strongest in spring,followed in winter,and summer and autumn the lowest.


Garlic, a common herb, is widely used as medicinal plant, but its usefulness in the treatment of diabetes has not been established. Aged garlic extract (AGE) that contains unique compounds such as S‐allyl cysteine were produced as a result of aging processes. We studied the effect of AGE using two models of spontaneous diabetic animals, TSOD and ddY‐H, developed by Dr. W. Suzuki (Tsumura & Co., Japan) and Dr. T. Maeda (Univ. of Shizuoka, Japan), respectively. These mice showed various phenotypes of type 2 diabetes, including high blood glucose, glucose intolerance, high circulating level of insulin and fatty liver. TSOD mice fed diet containing 4% (w/w) AGE for 6 months, had a lower level of blood glucose compared to control, although their body weight was still high and AGE treatment had no adverse effects. In addition, glucose intolerance was ameliorated in AGE‐fed TSOD mice. Furthermore, triglyceride accumulation in the liver of these mice was reduced compared to that in control. Moreover, the level of SREBP1c, PPAR‐gamma and GLUT2 mRNAs was lower in the liver of AGE‐fed TSOD mice. Similar results were obtained by experiments using another diabetic model, ddY‐H mice. In conclusion, our data indicated that AGE prevents occurrence of glucose intolerance and fatty liver in diabetic mice, suggesting that AGE is useful for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.


Recently, shape design has been acquiring increasing relevance within the aeronautical community, both in the industrial sector as well as in research centers. This increasing interest stems from the speed and precision of computations which are being achieved with the use of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques.Optimal shape design aims at finding the minimum of a functional by controlling the PDE modelling the flow using surface (domain boundaries) deformation techniques. As a solution to the enormous computational resources required for classical shape optimization of functionals of aerodynamic interest, the best strategy is to use in a systematic way methods inspired in control theory. To do this one assumes that a given aerodynamic surface (typically a wing) is an element that produces lift or drag by controlling or modifying the flow. One of the key ingredients in the application of control theoretical methods relies on the use of the adjoint system techniques to simplify the computation of gradients. Some of the groundbreaking works in this field are due to J.-L. Lions [1], followed by the developments of O. Pironneau [2], who was a pioneer in the applications to CFD. A. Jameson [3] was the first to apply these techniques to the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in the field of aeronautical applications. In the present paper we will restrict our attention to optimal shape design in systems governed by the Euler or Navier-Stokes equations. We first review some standard facts on control theory applied to optimal shape design, and recall the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in aerodynamical problems. We then study the adjoint formulation, providing a detailed exposition of how the derivatives of functionals may be obtained. Finally, the application of the Level Set methodology to optimal shape design is reviewed.


A simple yet powerful concept for eliminating the effect of input quantisation that prevents the state from converging to the origin is introduced. The basic idea is to add a 1-minus, 0 or 1-plus quantising level to each quantised input component so as to maintain the decreasing property of a Lyapunov function despite input quantisation. This eliminates usage of extra devices such as adjustable multipliers, counters, comparators, and the usage of tuning parameters.


Anxiety is usually caused by even minor surgery.  The necessity of the procedure, the high pre-operative emotional arousal, the post-operative pain, the difficult and lengthy recovery process, the hospital environment, the diagnostic and preparatory tests, the attending and nursing staff-these are all factors that can influence the pre-operative anxiety a patient feels.
The aim of this study is to analyse the anxiety and its causes in the preoperative period.
Methods. A quantitative study was conducted.
Results and conclusions the sample was random. 110 respondents participated in the study. The respondents often felt anxiety in the preoperative period, which was caused by intrusive thoughts about the surgery, the length of the postoperative period and the pain of the disease. In contrast, factors such as possible drug allergy, lack of information and negative postoperative outcomes were seen as minor contributors to anxiety. It was observed that the respondents were less likely to experience physical symptoms of anxiety. In contrast, psychological symptoms were more frequent in the preoperative period. Although the vast majority of respondents stated that they did not need psychological support, the study showed that some respondents tended to communicate actively with both relatives and nurses.


This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of improving the texture and the flavor of Dasik made of the Omija extract, various sugars and rice powder. Sensory quality and mechanical characteristics of Dasik were compared. The moisture content of the Group of the Dasik added with Omija extract was higher than that with non-Omija extract. The Omija Dasik containing molasses showed the highest value (23.5%) in moisture content. In sensory quality. Omija Dasik containing honey and syrup showed the highest score in overall acceptability (6.2 and 6.0, respectively). The Rice Dasik containing syrup showed the highest values in lightness (L) and yellowness (b) in color. The Omija Dasik containing syrup showed the highest values in redness (a) in color. The Dasik added with honey and syrup were lower in hardness, but higher in cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness of textural characteristics. When sensory quality and mechanical characteristics of the Dasik were compared with, the gumminess and brittleness in mechanical characteristics were positively correlated with the apprearance and the taste acceptability in sensory quality (p<.01, p<.05). The springiness was negatively correlated with the tooth packing in sensory quality (p<.001). The Omija Dasik was more desirable in flavor, taste and overall acceptability, especially those added with honey and syrup. From the above results, the honey might be replaced by the less expensive syrup, when making the Omija Dasik.


1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of Infectious Diseases ,Paramedicine Faculty, Guilan University of Medical Sciences ,Guilan ,Iran 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


Abstract The French Revolution radically reconfigured citizens' views of both real and imagined space. This article sets out to explore this process of reconfiguration and the relationship between politics and space from the period immediately before the French Revolution in 1789 to the collapse of the Empire in 1815 and its aftermath. Although the liberties brought about by the Revolution made access to space one of its defining characteristics, the spaces of the Revolution were characterized by a diversity in which each political constituency made a space of its own choosing. Those spaces took forms as diverse as the pastoral garden, tales of devil abduction, political festivals, space travel, and hallucinatory visions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Switzerland. It was only when Napoléon 'terminated' the Revolution in 1799 that space was given a rational, homotopic shape, a shape that endured until the imperatives of the Bourbon Restoration required another configuration.


Pipelines are important in transporting oil and gas in offshore engineering. During the service condition, this external water pressure could be compensated by the internal pressure induced by the gas or oil within the pipeline. However, during the pipe-laying or maintenance, the internal pressure in the pipeline will disappear. The huge external water pressure will cause local buckling or crushing first at defect or damage part of pipelines. Experimental research is one of the important means to investigate the pipeline buckling phenomena. Most of the existing hyperbaric chambers are in small scale, which could not perform experiments with the actual pipe used in the offshore engineering. Due to this reason, the most of the published experimental results obtained from these hyperbaric chambers are in small scale where the cross section size was reduced with same diameter-thickness ratio. In order to avoid the scale effects on the experimental phenomena and results, a full-scale hyperbaric device was designed by the Institute of Offshore and Naval Engineering of Tianjin University, China. Twelve series of full-scale buckling tests were conducted in this paper, with the intention of investigating the influence of diameter-thickness ratio and initial imperfection on the buckling pressure. Furthermore, the numerical simulation using ABAQUS was performed to compare the experimental results. The comparison shows a good agreement, where the average difference is about 6% to 7%.


Healthcare professionals will be able to recognize the needs of older adult clients and develop person-centered plans to support optimal living and promote healthy aging.


Objective: To investigate the effect of spironolactone and losartan on ventricular myocardial remodeling and change of typeⅠ and Ⅲ of myocardium collagen in post-myocardial infarction rats. Methods: Fifty rats were randomized into 5 groups: AMI group, AMI+spironolactone group, AMI+losartan group, AMI+combination group and sham-operation group. The models of AMI were ligated with anterior descending coronary artery; the sham-operation group was made by the same procedure without ligation. The rats were killed 8 weeks after operation to examine hemodynamic parameters, body weight (BW), left and right ventrieular weight(LVw, RVw) and changes of typeⅠ and Ⅲ of myocardium collagen. Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the RVw /BW, LVw /BW, left ventricular en-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and CVF of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ in the infracted zone and noninfarcted zone of LV were all significantly increased in the AMI group(P0.05), while the maximal rate of rise and fall(±dp/dt) and their adjustment by LVSP (±dp/dt/LVSP) were markedly decreased (P0.05). There was no significant difference between spirolactone group and AMI group besides the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ CVF in the noninfarcted zone of LV (P0.05). Compared with AMI group, LVEDP, LV weight were significantly decreased in spirolactone group and combination group (P0.05), and +dp/dt/LVSP were increased in the two groups(P0. 05). Compared with AMI group, type Ⅰ and Ⅲ CVF in the noninfarcted zone of LV were all significantly decreased in the spirohctone group, losartan group and the combination group (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in decreasing collagen deposition in the noninfarcted zone (P0.05). Conclusion: Spirohctone can effectively decrease the collagen deposition in the noninfarcted zone, and the combination of losartan and spirolactone can improve left ventricular remodeling and LV dilation.


With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, the main characters and the purpose of design should exhibit on the architecture of agent. The paper proposes a new architecture of agent, compares the advantages and the disadvantages of the response architecture and BDI on abstraction of character and process of developing software.


1. A method for producing a food product for human consumption, comprising: fermentation and distillation grain stillage to obtain dried and powdered extract vinasse (DDGS); ! selection of DDGS particles with a relatively light color to obtain high quality DDGS; and! use high DDGS for preparing a food product; ! wherein the food product contains less than about 10 wt.% high DDGS. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the selection is performed using spectrophotometry, and where high DDGS consists essentially of particles having a value «L», which is at least 60 and the value «b», which is of at least 40 as measured by the scale of color L * a * b Hunter Instruments according to standard methods ASTM D 6290, E308 and E1347. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting further includes an air separation in a stream of air. ! 4. A method for producing food compositions with reduced sodium content for human consumption, comprising: preparation of a food composition with reduced sodium chloride compound, which contains DDGS (dried vinasse and dry vinasse extract) in an amount less than about 10% of the total weight of the edible composition to provide a salty taste. ! 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the grain residue is less than 5% by weight of the food composition. ! 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the grain residue is dried DGS, wet DGS, or extract DGS. ! 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the grain residue is dried DGS. ! 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the grain residue consists essentially of particles having a value «L», of at least 60 and the value «b», equal, in m


Water retention and hydraulic conductivity are the most important properties governing water flow and solute transport in unsaturated porous media. However, transport processes in the vadose zone (VZ) are still not completely understood, in spite of their importance for the preservation and management of aquifers, especially in the geographic zones under intensive agriculture. This study has been carried out as part of the construction of the O-ZNS platform (Observatory of transfers in the vadose zone). This platform aims to integrate observations over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales thanks to a large access well (depth–20 m & diameter–4m) surrounded by several boreholes in order to combine broad characterization and focused monitoring techniques.


Demonstration device for the interaction between AC/DC current-carrying rectangular coils is designed,by replacing the single wire with a multi-turn rectangular coil.The device could demonstrate the interaction between two current-carrying wires.It is easy to make and operate,and the performance is reliable,the experimental phenomenon is obvious.


Mahboubeh Taghizadeh Parinaz Porkar Iran University of Science and Technology Iran ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to compare the effects of using SMS, tablet and flashcard on the EFL learners" attitudes and vocabulary learning. The participants of the study were 45 Iranian advanced EFL learners, who were divided into three groups, each with 15 participants. The first group learned the vocabulary items via tablet, the second group learned them via SMS, and the third one learned the vocabulary items via flashcard. Three instruments were used in this study: a pretest of vocabulary, a posttest of vocabulary, and an attitude questionnaire. The results revealed that vocabulary instruction via SMS, flashcard, and tablet was effective in improving the participants" performance on the vocabulary test; however, the highest mean on the posttest was obtained by students who received vocabulary instruction through tablet. The results also showed that the majority of the learners in the SMS group found reading texts on mobile phone"s tiny screen troublesome and preferred to receive English words via email rather than SMS. Majority of the learners in the flashcard group considered flashcard effective for learning English words arguing that flashcards could be used on the move and provide flexible learning anywhere, anytime. Learners in the tablet group reported that tablet learning increased their motivation and was effective for learning English words. This study recommends that instructors consider language learners" attitudes towards various methods of vocabulary learning.