The author researched on isolating of leptospiras from human blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and canine kidneys in the period from 1950 to 1953. Cultures, which were found positive, were subcultured and identified with cross agglutination-lysis tests and absorption tests. Attempts to isolate leptospiras from the blood and verebrospinal fluid of patients with leptospirosis were made through both the direct cultural method and the animal inoculation method followed by culture of the animals' blood which were obtained four to ten days after the inoculation, irrespective as to whether or not they showed signs. In his experience, the two methods were equally effective in yielding positive results. Both Korthof's medium and Ono's medium have been employed for direct cultural recovery of leptospiras, and the two mediums were equally effective in case of positive cultures. From the standpoints of the simplicity of technique and expenses, the research method to isolate leptospiras from patient's blood and cerebrospinal fluid with direct cultural method are better than the inoculation to animals. In order to detect leptospiral existing only in small number, it was found to repeat the culture. Both guinea pigs weighing about 150gm and syrian golden hamsters weighing about 15gm have been employed for animal inoculation. Both animals were efficacious in yielding positive culture. There, moreover, was seen no significant difference in the number of successful cultural experiments.23 strains were isolated from hunan cases and 11 strains from canine cases.The author carried out the serological tests of leptospiras isolated with the methods of Schuffner-Mochtar's agglutination-lysis test and Schuffner-Bohlander's absorption test. Agglutination-lysis tests were performed by employing as antigens the six leptospiral strains known to exist in Japan-L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pyrogenes, L. canicola, L. hebdomadis, L. autumnalis and L. australis A, and the other six strains-L. grippotyphosa, L. bataviae, L. pomona, L. javanica, L. mochtarii and L. andaman A. Of the human strains, 4 were identified as L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and 19 were identified as L. canicola. 11 canine strains were all identified as L. canicola. Moreover, of these canicola strains isolated, 13 strains were compared with strain Roesel by cross absorption tests. Strain Roesel absorbed all antibodies from the immune serums of strains isolated, and the strains isolated absorbed all antibodies from Roesel immune serum.It can be concluded from that L. canicola is the most important causative organism of various leptospiroses. Canicola fever should never be forgotton when not only suspected leptospirosis, but acute febrile disease will be encountered.


H.248/Megaeo messages can be encoded in both binary mode and text mode, but the latter mode is usually used in practical applications owing to its high readability. This paper finds out its layering features by investigating the text encoding norm and presents a layering parse architecture to decode the messages, in which the layering parse begins after the previous one is finished, increasing the parsing efficiency. This conclusion has some reference value for parsing protocol messages with similar encoding characteristics.


A new antitumor antibiotic is produced in fermentation liquors of Streptomyces zelensis sp.n. The antibiotic is biologically active at extremely low concentrations. At 40 pg/ml, it inhibited 90% of the growth of L1210 cells in culture in tube dilution assays. The minimal inhibitory concentrations against Gram-positive bacteria is between 1 approximately 10 ng/ml, while these values for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi are mostly under 1 microgram/ml. A microbiological assay with Bacillus subtilis can detect concentrations of 1 approximately 2 ng/ml.


One of the most well-known definitions of antisemitism belongs to Jean-Paul Sartre: "Antisemitism seeks to find, in the existence of Jews, the cause of all or some failures, personal and collective; and the belief that it is possible to solve problems through partially or totally depriving Jews of their rights, through excluding them from the economy and society, driving them out of the country or even extermination ".


A bilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy had driven a testicular atrophy and a iatrogenic hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in two males aged 40 and 31 years. That iatrogenic hypogonadism had shaken the marital life of the 40 years old male despite he was already father of two children. It had almost destroyed the hope of the 31 years old male to become a father. These two woeful cases remind surgeons that the inguinal hernia repair should always be as cautious as necessary to preserve fertility and sexual life.


The transformation and upgrade is an inevitbal choice and trend for radio and television university to confront challenge and its internal refrom.Transformation and upgrade of radio and television university need to renew the conception,optimize the structure,expand the function,improve the system and innovate the mode of school-running.Open universities provide the direction for the transformation and upgrade of the radio and television universities.


by STEPHEN CHRISTOPHER TUCKER (Under the Direction of Gary K. Bertsch) ABSTRACT This thesis explores the trials and tribulations of the Export Administration Act in the United States to discover why the U.S. Congress has had great difficulty in passing new export control legislation, a universally agreed upon tool for national security. The thesis focuses on the efforts of Senator Michael Enzi in 2001 as a case study for the majority of the analysis. Further, the role of the industry organizations is explored to uncover whether or not they are truly at fault for the lack of export control legislation in the United States. The conclusions of the research are that the industry groups are not the root of the failure of export control legislation, but rather, act as an interested partner in the crafting of legislation. The research also concludes that the most important reason for the failure of legislation is a lack of empowered leadership on the issue.


In the article the concept of the value of works of art. Are described by the value of the product components such as the aura of the protest and the image xy dozhnika as a man standing in the world. Examines a phenomenon of popularity of the "Mona Lisa" by Leonardo da Vinci.


Introduction: The dispersion curve of the Rayleigh-wave phase velocity (VR) is widely utilized to determine site shear-wave velocity (Vs) structures from a distance of a few metres to hundreds of metres, even on a ten-kilometre crustal scale. However, the traditional theoretical-analytical methods for calculating VRs of a wide frequency range are time-consuming because numerous extensive matrix multiplications, transfer matrix iterations and the root searching of the secular dispersion equation are involved. It is very difficult to model site structures with many layers and apply them to a population-based inversion algorithm for which many populations of multilayers forward modelling and many generations of iterations are essential. Method: In this study, we propose a deep learning method for constructing the VR dispersion curve in a horizontally layered site with great efficiency. A deep neural network (DNN) based on the fully connected dense neural network is designed and trained to directly learn the relationships between Vs structures and dispersion curves. First, the training and validation sets are generated randomly according to a truncated Gaussian distribution, in which the mean and variance of the Vs models are statistically analysed from different regions' empirical relationships between soil Vs and its depth. To be the supervised dataset, the corresponding VRs are calculated by the generalized reflection-transmission (R/T) coefficient method. Then, the Bayesian optimization (BO) is designed and trained to seek the optimal architecture of the deep neural network, such as the number of neurons and hidden layers and their combinations. Once the network is trained, the dispersion curve of VR can be constructed instantaneously without building and solving the secular equation. Results and Discussion: The results show that the DNN-BO achieves a coefficient of determination (R2) and MAE for the training and validation sets of 0.98 and 8.30 and 0.97 and 8.94, respectively, which suggests that the rapid method has satisfactory generalizability and stability. The DNN-BO method accelerates the dispersion curve calculation by at least 400 times, and there is almost no increase in computation expense with an increase in soil layers.


Abstrcat This paper studies the cylindrical container, which is the general tool for the transport of the oil. The modes of cylindrical container with different heights and free surface of fluid are calculated with finite element software ANSYS on the basis of the fluid-solid coupled theory. The natural frequencies and the modal shapes are obtained. The conclusion are drawn that the values of natural frequencies are reduced with the increasing height of fluid. In the end, the solution solved by the fluid-solid coupled method is compared with the solution solved by the method of average density.


: This study aims to analyze tourist loyalty that is influenced by novelty-seeking, destination quality, and motivation. This research is a survey research using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, which is convenience sampling. This research is important because it justifies that tourists want to visit a destination again, even though these tourists have visited it. Previous research shows that tourists will rarely return to visit the same destination. The results of this research are expected to support research findings stating that tourists want to visit previous destinations if there are several influencing factors. This study uses international tourist respondents who visit tourist villages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. PLS-SEM is used to analyze research data. The results showed that the effect of novelty seeking, destination quality, and motivation on loyalty mediated by tourist satisfaction was accepted.


This paper focuses on the synthesis of mesoporous materials, Al-MCM-41, doped with copper using different methods. The results show that the method of synthesis affects the structural and textural properties of these solids. Their application in hydrogen storage shows that the adsorption is enhanced when using a solid containing Cu+2 ions, with an adsorption capacity around 1.8 wt% at 77 K, while the solids containing CuO particles present a medium adsorption capacity. Temperature variation plays a very important role in determining the adsorption capacity and the best results are obtained at 77 K.


As previously reported, 1 we have observed that five daily doses of neoarsphenamine varying from 0.001 to 0.008 Gm. (totaling 0.005 to 0.04 Gm.) and five daily doses of mapharsen varying from 0.0005 to 0.004 Gm. (totaling 0.0025 to 0.02 Gm.) per kilogram of body weight administered by the intravenous drip method were well tolerated by rabbits. The minimal curative doses in the treatment of acute testicular syphilis of these animals were found to be approximately 0.004 Gm. of neoarsphenamine and 0.001 Gm. of mapharsen administered once a day for five days in succession, totaling 0.02 Gm. of neoarsphenamine and 0.005 Gm. of mapharsen per kilogram of body weight. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the toxicity of neoarsphenamine and mapharsen administered by the intravenous drip method to normal rabbits as compared with their toxicity when given by syringe in single doses at a rate of injection


Summary: Increasing numbers of sensors and actuators are being used in IoT systems. This generates a huge volume of data. To extract valuable information for a company based on this rich source of data, a computerised processing of the data is essential. However, the user plays a crucial role in the evaluation. Information must therefore be context-sensitive and adapted to sensory needs.


This paper analyzed the importance of the Relative Radiometric Normalization(RRN) in change detection.Taking the change detection based on vegetation index as an example,it compared the common used RRN methods and its effects to change detection,and put forward a new and robust RRN method based on relative coefficients.It found out that the RRN can minimized radiometric difference among images caused by inconsistencies of acquisition conditions(such as weather,season,etc) rather than change in surface reflectance;it also can reduce the vegetation index(VI) change detection error which is produced by radiometric difference.The quality of the RRN has huge reflection of the VI change detection.Compared with the traditional ways,the new method is more robust and uneasily disturbed by error.


Generating simulation models is a knowledge intensive, time consuming, and error-prone task in implementing a simulator. The main purpose of this research was to find an easy, fast, and reliable way to generate simulation models and model library. To solve this problem, the Automatic Element Routine Generation System (AERO) is developed as an efficient way for automatic model development using domain specific automatic programming techniques. Behavioral and structural models are generated from Boolean equations, truth tables, HDL descriptions, schematic diagrams, or incomplete specifications. Results show that the system could greatly reduce the cost of simulation model generation for CAD systems and, consequently, reduce the design cycle considerably.


By comprehensive considering of deviations in the bar lengths, elastic deformations and the joint clearances, the simulation research on Movement Precision of Mould-cut main mechanism is carried out. The influencing degree of each influencing factor to its output Precision has been discussed in detail which provides the proof for improving the output Precision of Mould-cut main mechanism.


Aiming at the delay caused by the phase-locked loop (PLL) and harmonic detection in the traditional control of a series active power filter (SAPF), a deadbeat direct control (DBDC)-based finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) strategy for the SAPF is proposed in this work. Firstly, a reference voltage generation mechanism based on direct control is established, which avoids the delay in harmonic detection, thus improving the dynamic response performance of the system. Secondly, the reference current generation mechanism suitable for the SAPF is derived and established using the deadbeat control (DBC) in the αβ coordinate system, based on which the FCS-MPC system is constructed. It eliminates the complex coordinate transformation and PLL and effectively compensates for the full-frequency harmonic voltage. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified by a simulation and an experiment. The results suggest that the proposed control strategy can effectively compensate for the load voltage and suppress harmonic distortion for the temporary swell and sag of the grid voltage, sudden load changes, and harmonic distortion conditions.


Background: The Quantitative Production Analysis (QPA) (Berndt et al., 2000; Saffran et al., 1989) was developed to provide an objective means of characterising the grammaticality of spontaneous speech in aphasia. However, there is still no consensus as to the profile of performance, on this or any other measure, that identifies agrammatism. I would like to express my gratitude to my tireless research assistants—Kristin Lilly, Victoria Tumanova, and Kari Norman—for their hard work; to Rita Berndt for her patience with endless questions; and to the participants and staff at the North York Aphasia Centre for their generous cooperation. I am also grateful to the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Foundation and to Division 2 (Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders) of the American Speech‐Language‐Hearing Association for funding to support this research. Aim: The aim of this study is to advance the effort to characterise agrammatic speech production, by examining the influence of aphasia severity and fluency on patterns of QPA scores obtained from a broad range of individuals with aphasia. The goal of this process is to identify the quantitative variables most predictive of agrammatism. Methods & Procedures: Spontaneous speech samples were elicited from non‐brain‐damaged (NBD) older subjects and a group of participants with aphasia unselected by diagnosis, and analysed using the QPA. Data from the NBD and aphasia groups were statistically compared and correlated with ratings of severity. Fluent and non‐fluent subjects within the group with aphasia were then compared. Last, the non‐fluent group was explored for evidence of agrammatism. Outcomes & Results: Many of the QPA's measures were found to reflect the severity of aphasia and/or the fluency of speech production, suggesting that results on these measures may not be indicative of agrammatism per se. In particular, measures of output productivity (the amount and efficiency of production) were largely determined by aphasia severity, and measures of lexical selection were related to the fluency of production. Profiles of the non‐fluent subjects also varied widely, reinforcing the dissociability of different grammatical functions. Conclusions: None of the QPA's measures could be interpreted to reflect agrammatism alone; in fact, many appeared to be reflective of aphasia severity or fluency. Diagnoses of agrammatism still depend on clinical judgement; however, this judgement is aided greatly by the array of objective quantitative information provided by the QPA.


Excimer pulse laser is one of the processing tools which can effectively modify the metals surface by the retention of non-equilibrium characteristics. In the present study, Ti alloy is subjected to the excimer pulsed laser treatment at a fluence of ∼5 J cm−2 in argon atmosphere. The modified surface microstructures were analysed by TEM. The phase evaluation was done through XRD and TEM/SADP (Selected Area Diffraction Pattern). The effective changes in the tribological behaviour were evaluated by fretting wear test. After 10 pulse, ultrafine grains in the size range ∼100–700 nm were observed. However, 30 pulse treated sample showed the formation of nanocrystalline surface with grain size ∼30–70 nm and nanoscale twinning of spacing ∼10 nm. The wear characteristic was found to improve after laser treatment.


Models of biological or technical applications are represented by nonlinear systems, which are defined by ordinary differential equations. These systems generally contain multiple uncertain or unknown parameters. These uncertainties result from measurement errors or from modeling, e.g. numerical modeling. For several applications, the guaranteed enclosure of all possible solutions of an initial value problem (IVP) of a given uncertain system is demanded. In general the calculation of guaranteed bounds of the given uncertain nonlinear system cannot be done directly, because the solution set of an IVP can be solved algebraically only in certain cases. Furthermore, most numerical methods which compute the solution of IVPs cannot handle systems with uncertain parameters. But for the class of cooperative systems tight guaranteed bounds for all solutions of the IVP can be computed. This class satisfies certain monotony conditions. Moreover the computation of guaranteed lower and upper bounds can be applied to a larger class of ordinary differential equations, which does not satisfy all conditions for uncertain cooperative systems. For this class of monotone systems the guaranteed enclosure can show some overestimation. Some examples illustrate the methods described in this contribution.


Considering the serious problems resulted from neglect of cultural background knowledge,this essay explores how English teachers should attach great importance to imparting cultural background knowledge other than language knowledge and skills to students in the process of English teaching.Only in this way can students take a global perspective in their English learning and widen the spectrum of both their English language knowledge and cultural background knowledge.


It is important to correctly evaluate corrosion risks and select and implement appropriate corrosion control methods in order to meet desired pipe reliability and service life targets and protect original investments at minimum life cycle costs. Life cycle cost analysis indicates that tight-bonded coatings and cathodic protection are good, economical investments, especially for important transmission lines in corrosive environments.


Twenty bog turtle, Clemmys muhlenbergii, colonies were studied in Carroll, Baltimore, and Harford counties, Maryland, to determine habitat characteristics, population size, and movements and home range. Thirty-six habitat variables at each colony site were used in statistical analyses to examine the relationship between indexes of population size and habitat characteristics. Based on principal com- ponents analysis, the greater the index of population size, the more likely the colony was located in a circular basin with (1) spring-fed pockets of shallow water, (2) a bottom substrate of soft mud and rock, (3) dominant vegetation of low grasses and sedges, and (4) interspersed wet and dry pockets. Of the nine sites where populations could be estimated, we found from 7 to 213 turtles/ha of wetland habitat. Bog turtles were active for six months in Maryland. Home ranges were larger in males (0.176 ha) than in females (0.066 ha) and overlapped considerably among individuals of both sexes. Home ranges rarely extended far beyond the transitional edge of the wetland. Although turtles had small activity areas, they moved ex- tensively within those areas. Winter retreats were shallow, just below the upper surface of frozen mud and/or ice. Four of eight turtles monitored moved in and out of winter retreats from November through March. Conservation efforts should focus on protection of a wetland network that allows movement and gene flow among populations to minimize the effects of local extinctions.


This research originated from observations of researchers on recreational facilities in the form of playing facilities in the tourist attractions of Air Manis Beach Padang. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with a survey method. The sample source data from this study is the management of tourist objects, namely the Department of Tourism and Culture of the City of Padang, the community around the attractions of Padang Air Manis Beach and visitors to the attractions of Air Manis Beach Padang. The sample collection technique uses purposive sampling. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by the Miles and Huberman data analysis techniques by performing three stages, namely: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The results of the study concluded that in general the attractions of Padang Air Manis Beach have strength that supports the development of recreational facilities in the form of government support by providing direction for the community. Weaknesses in the condition of human resources that have less role in managing and developing this object. Whereas opportunities with a strategic place with adequate natural resources and the availability of a very wide tourist area that can be used to build recreational facilities in the form of play facilities are a great opportunity for the development of recreational facilities so that it will increase income / income for the community or local government. . But there is also a threat, there are similarities in the game facilities that are established in other tourist objects that are close to the attractions of Air Manis Beach Padang, if no effort is made to maintain and improve the quality of this tourist attraction there will be a decrease in tourist visits to the object this tour. So it is necessary to develop a recreational facility for tourism objects in Air Manis Beach, Padang.
Keywords: Strategy, Development, Recreational Facilities


*Correspondence: Frederick H. Silver, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received Date: 11 Feb 2019 Accepted Date: 04 Mar 2019 Published Date: 08 Mar 2019 Citation: Silver FH, Shah RG, Richard M, Benedetto D. Comparison of the Virtual Biopsies of a Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma and an Actinic Keratosis: Morphological, Cellular and Collagen Analyses. Clin Oncol. 2019; 4: 1588. Copyright © 2019 Frederick H. Silver. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research Article Published: 08 Mar, 2019


To what extent do trade negotiations deliver on development objectives articulated from the developing world? In the past, the developed world deployed moralistic foreign policies and largesse to placate the developing world. The article examines the ways in which the global power configurations are now changing to allow developing countries to gain concessions instead through negotiations that are consistent with their development aspirations. It first provides a brief negotiation history of the developing world's relationship with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) through the lens of development. The article then analyzes the intellectual property and agricultural negotiations at the current Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to conclude that the developed world's preferred outcome remains moral largesse rather than making trade concessions.


: In response to world-wide extinction of both indigenous languages and endemic species, an international, interdisciplinary movement has arisen with the goal of conserving biocultural diversity. The fundamental insight of biocultural conservation initiatives is that established correlations between cultural diversity and biodiversity (and endangerment) may point to solutions to the present crisis. This paper highlights one understudied aspect of this endeavor – how ecological knowledge is encoded in endangered languages – before considering how linguists may contribute to this growing community of practice. The most obvious linguistic encoding of traditional ecological knowledge is in the mental lexicon: words that refer to objects, events, and states in the natural world, as shown in examples drawn from languages such as Kayapo, Piaroa, and Minangkabau. Equally important for the linguistic transmission of ecological knowledge are the narratives found in stories, myths and ceremonial recitation, as exemplified by Chehalis, Wayampi, and Bininj Gunwok. Linguists who join this interdisciplinary struggle for environmental conservation and social justice may contribute not only through primary fieldwork, linguistic analysis, or expertise in multilingual education programs, but also by raising consciousness of the beauty and value of biocultural diversity through social outreach.


Conflict of interest: non-existent genetic testing1-3. However, Henley and colleagues (2009) showed that changes in brain volume and the neural connections may be present before the onset of symptoms4. The prevalence of this condition is estimated at 1 per 10,000 or 20,000 individuals, but with variations in different regions and ethnic groups3. The phenotype of HD is characterized by impairments in motor skills (e.g., tic movements, changes in gait, stiffness, etc.), cognitive skills (e.g., deficits in visual memory, auditory, verbal and attention), and behavioral changes, psychological and language13,5. The decline of oral language, receptive and expressive level, can be triggered by two factors: neurodegeneration and motor disorders6,7. Issues relating to behavioral changes described in DH seem to be related both to the progressive cognitive decline as the psychological changes, including depression, anxiety, irritability and apathy " INTRODUCTION


Iizuna volcano (1871m) is formed at the southern end of the Myoko volcanoes which are situated in the northern part of the Fossa Magna. It is a Quaternary stratovolcano built on an anticlinal axis of basal Neogene strata, and has a horseshoe caldera with 2.5×2.0km in diameter at its summit. The volcanic cone is considerably dissected in contrast to the Myoko and Kurohime volcanoes. At the western to northern midslope of the cone, the five domes of Kenashiyama, Nakanomine, Takadekki, Tengudake, and 1340 m-ridge are arranged in NE-SW direction (Fig. 1).The growth-history of the Iizuna volcano may be divided broadly into the Ist and IInd stages, and the latter may be subdivided into the stratovolcano, caldera, and lava dome stages (Table 1). The eruptives from this volcano are full of variety such as lavas, pyroclastic (scoria, pumice, lapilli, and others) falls, pyroclastic flows, and volcanic mud flows. The rocks consist of basalt, pyroxene andesite, and hornblende andesite (Fig. 2). Augite-hypersthene andesite is predominant in volume.During the activity of the IInd stage, the mode of eruption and rock nature generally tend to change as follows, respectively: mode of eruption; eruption of scoria fall→alternated eruption of lava flows and pyroclastics→eruption of pyroclastic flows and falls, and viscous lave flows: rock nature; basalt→pyroxene andesite→horhblende andesite. The activity of this volcano began at the middle Pleistocene, and had already closed at least 32, 000 years ago.


20 Hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in sewers causes odor 21 problems and asset deterioration due to the sulfide induced concrete corrosion. Free 22 nitrous acid (FNA) was recently demonstrated as a promising antimicrobial agent to 23 alleviate hydrogen sulfide production in sewers. However, knowledge of the 24 antimicrobial mechanisms of FNA is largely unknown. Here we report the multiple25


Exact asymptotic wave functions are included in the basis set for variational calculations of the K matrix in a multichannel model problem. Rapid convergence to exact results is demonstrated for both the variational R-matrix method and for the restricted-interpolated-anamoly-free (RIAF) variant of the Hulthen-Kohn method. If ''irregular'' asymptotic functions are omitted, convergence of the R-matrix calculations is much less satisfactory. By a particular choice of the form of discrete basis functions, vanishing at a fixed radius r/sub 1/ in the model problem, the main computational steps of both methods are made to be identical.


Hypertension in the elderly is not a compensatory phenomenon to offset the decline in organ perfusion that occurs with age. Rather, superimposition of hypertension on aging apparently leads to increased damage in the target organs: brain, heart, and kidneys. Accordingly, preservation of blood flow and function of vital organs takes precedence over reduction of blood pressure alone.


(51) Int. Cl. .................................................... A61F 2/00 (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 607/100; 607/101 (57) ABSTRACT The invention provides methods for the treatment of kera tinized tissue infected with a pathogen. The invention uti lizes electromagnetic energy, particularly microwave energy, as a treatment means to reduce the amount of or eliminate the pathogen from the keratinized tissue.


In recent years, there have been increasing studies on topping cycles of combined cycle power plants with very high working temperature (about 3000 K). One of the thermal cycles, which have the ability to work in this temperature range, is MHD –Magneto hydrodynamic- cycle. MHD cycle can operate in two states. One state is the open cycle, and the other one is the close cycle. In both mentioned states there is a large amount of waste heat that can be recovered. It seems that the use of recovered heat from MHD cycles as the heat source for a gas turbine cycle namely Brayton according to their working temperature is very suitable. In this research, integration of combined cycle with MHD generator as the topping cycle has been investigated as a proposed cycle. In this regard, the thermodynamic simulation of the plant has been performed. To verification of the thermodynamic simulation, the results have been compared with Thermolfex software and the data in the literature. In addition, exergetic, exergoeconomic, and environmental modeling and evaluation have been performed through computer code. The results show the good accuracy of the thermodynamic simulation for the integrated system. Also, the proposed cycle has a higher efficiency with the lower cost of exergy destruction and lower emission pollution.


Corresponding Author: Georg W. Oesterdiekhoff Institute for Sociology, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany E-mail:firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Ancient Roman civilization had many technological, economical and institutional prerequisites to develop the modern, industrial society. However, it did not do so but collapsed instead. For centuries researchers try to find the explanations to the rise of modern, industrial society, to the collapse of the ancient civilization and to the differences between ancient and modern societies. Piagetian psychology can help to find answers to these questions. It is argued that the ancient Romans (ancient humans) were characterized by the preoperational psychological stage and failed to attain the formal operational psychological stage that emerged during the 17th century in Europe, at first in small circles and during the following centuries in the whole people living in modern, industrial societies. Thus, there is a huge psychological gap between ancient and modern peoples. The preoperational stage explains the religion, the magic, the morals and the social life of the ancient Romans, while the formal operational stage explains the decline of these ancient patterns and the rise of new social, political and moral structures during the past centuries, at first in the West and now on a worldwide scale.


Roughly 1.3 million tons of food accounting to one-third of the annual food production meant for human consumption is wasted annually. Food wastage can be reduced to a great extent by proper post-harvest treatments, cold storage as well as improving the supply chain. However, food waste such as vegetable peels, meat carcasses and teabags is almost unavoidable and accounts for 19% of the total waste and can be used for energy generation by anaerobic digestion where microorganisms convert the waste material into biogas that can be utilized to produce electricity. Three set-up were made using E. Coli stains for the same- control set-up, set-up containing glucose to act as a substrate for E. Coli bacteria and a set-up containing KCl as it is an electrolyte and can help in transfer of charge. Set-up was made using air tight plastic containers connected with a salt bridge. Graphite rods were placed in each container and connected with wire. Slurry was poured in the container and connected to another container with water and air pump. The control MFC set-up produced the least amount of electricity followed by set-up containing KCl and most electricity production was found in set-up containing glucose. Thus, providing a substrate to the waste can help in production of electricity from waste thus giving a way to utilise the organic waste material in a judicious way.


This paper is a conceptual analysis of the role of the mathematical continuum vs. the discrete in the understanding of randomness, as a notion with a physical meaning or origin. The presentation is "informal", as we will not write formulas; yet, we will refer to non-obvious technical results from various scientific domains. And we will propose a conceptual frame for understanding randomness (and predictability), which is essentially original, we believe. The idea we started from is that the mathematical structures, constructed for the intelligibility of physical phenomena, according to their continuous (mostly in Physics) or discrete nature (generally in Computing), may propose different understandings of Nature. In particular, as hinted in [Bailly, Longo, 2006; Longo, 2007], the causal relations , as structures of intelligibility (we "understand Nature" by them), are mathematically related to the use of the continuum or the discrete. But…


The objective of the study reported in this research paper was to produce micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and milk protein concentrate (MPC) with 80% crude protein relative to total solids (TS) using MF and UF processes respectively. Additionally, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) was used to study the protein fractions in retentate and permeate. For MCC production, 227 L of pasteurized SM was subjected to MF using 0.5-micron spiral wound polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. During the process, diafiltration (DF) water was added at six intervals, totaling 100% of the feed volume. For MPC production, 227 L of pasteurized SM from the same lot was subjected to UF using 10 kDa Polyethersulfone membranes. During the process, DF water was added at four different intervals, with a final total addition of 40% of the feed volume. Both processes used a volume reduction of five. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in all of the compositional parameters, except fat and casein for the MF retentate (MFR) and UF retentate (UFR). UFR had a higher crude protein (CP), TS, lactose, ash and calcium content as compared to MFR and this affected the CP/TS ratio found in both the retentates. The differences in membrane pore sizes, operating pressures and level of DF used all contributed to the differences in final CP/TS ratio obtained. The CGE analysis of individual protein fractions present in the UFR and MFR showed that UFR has a β-lactaglobulin to α-lactalbumin (α-LA) ratio similar to SM, whereas the MFR has a higher ratio, indicating preferential transmission for α-LA by the MF membrane. The results from this study show that MF and UF processes could be used for production of MCC and MPC with similar CP/TS ratio with careful selection of operating parameters, and that CGE can be used for detailed analysis of various protein fractions.


This paper proposed a continuous variable life annuities model by adopting the theory of fuzzy random variables,assuming that the interest rate is a triangle fuzzy number and the mortality is a random variable.Combined with the actuary theory,we obtained the mathematical expectation,variance,distribution,quantiles of the present value of annuities.Finally,we calculated these related values of a common life annuity in endowment insurance and verified the feasibility of the model with the empirical analysis.


The purpose of the study was to focus on how hegemonic nationality, as well as hegemonic masculinity and femininity are expressed in the media commentaries about women's sport. This study focused specifically on Olympic hockey broadcasts on NBC's cable affiliates employing freelance journalists during the 2006 Olympics. Textual analyses of five U.S. and Canadian women's games were conducted. Two hockey commentators of the Olympic Games were also interviewed. Results indicate that, in relationship to men, the women's game is viewed as less physical. In regards to nationality, the U.S. women are viewed as legitimate athletes for embracing hockey and not traditional feminine sports such as figure skating. Canadian women are viewed as legitimate for initially having participated in female versions of hockey such as ringette before playing hockey. The U.S. women are described as having strength and power as well as being fit and still feminine, while their Canadian counterparts are mostly described by physical...


With the rapid development of e-commerce based on the network, the logistics distribution support of e-commerce is becoming more and more obvious. The optimization of vehicle distribution routing can improve the economic benefit and realize the scientific of logistics [1]. Therefore, the study of logistics distribution vehicle routing optimization problem is not only of great theoretical significance, but also of considerable value of value. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is a kind of evolutionary algorithm, which is based on the random solution and the optimal solution by iteration, and the quality of the solution is evaluated through fitness. In order to obtain a more ideal logistics scheduling scheme, this paper proposes a logistics model based on particle swarm optimization algorithm.


Book synopsis:
Surveys on victimization and insecurity are now one of the main ways to measure and investigate crime. However, their achievements and their uses are varied in different European countries. This book compares the experiences of European countries , presents a mapping of the situation and identifies good - and bad - practices.


The purpose of this study was to examine the marriage experiences of the severely disabled couple. The qualitative research, expecially biographical methodology approach was adopted to analyze the severely disabled couple's marriage life. Participants were two pairs of severly disabled couples who have been married for more than 10 years. Interviews with the participants were conducted 5 to 6 times per participant, 2 to 3 hours per session in the welfare center program room and their home. Three questions based on the biographical analysis framework of Mandelbaum(1973) were studied. As results, in the marriage experience of severely disabled couple, the area of life was derived from 'religion', 'social services', 'poverty', 'social relations' and 'individual activities'. Turning point of marriage came out as 'spousal selection depend on pity each other', 'childbirth and parenting', 'meeting the need for relationship', 'policy improvement'. Finally, adaptation showed 'thank you now', 'embrace me and my spouse', and 'going one step further'. Understanding of spouse disability led to gratitude of life and marital satisfaction. There has been an attempt to solve various disillusions that have been abandoned due to disability since middle age, and actively participate in social activities, such as arts and cultural educations. Based on these results, some implications for the practical understanding and supporting directions were discussed.


Detection and mass estimation of fissile material are important tasks. The aim of this paper is to show how one can try to solve such an inverse problem with an iterative forward approach.


Abstract : This report provides an initial, broad evaluation of the current state of immersion training in the Special Operations Forces (SOF) community. Prior research in educational settings (e.g., universities) has documented the effectiveness of immersion training as a method of language learning; however it is unclear how immersion training is perceived in the SOF community. This report describes the perceived effectiveness of immersion training and provides insight on how immersion training can be more effective in the future. Results from this study indicated only about one in ten SOF operators receive immersion training, which is typically conducted outside of the United States and lasts four weeks or longer. SOF operators and leaders suggested that immersion training be conducted more frequently, that participants be required to meet a minimum proficiency score to participate, and that immersion would be most effective immediately prior to deployment.


Smalltalk's great advantage over all of its competitors is the sophistication of its environment and the elegance of its implementation of the Object-Oriented paradigm. One of its disadvantages is that Smalltalk applications cannot be separated from the Smalltalk environment. The completeness of the environment as opposed to its insularity, appear to represent a natural trade-off. This paper describes an initially limited attempt to resolve the trade-off, for the purposes of a particular application, which subsequently grew in scope.


Nowadays the concern about development and diffusion strategies of new & renewable energy (NRE) and its technologies is getting higher globally as Kyoto Protocol has taken effect this year and oil has been rising in price tremendously. Developed countries have already commenced the study and research for this problem and are looking for various solutions. In this paper, environment of NRE in Korea is analyzed and estimated using the learning curve, which has been powerfully used for analyses of end-use equipments' characteristics in existing studies, as a pre-study for proposing appropriate strategies and feasible methods. The sample study shows how installation costs and the policies affect on the penetration of NRE.


This paper presents a study of the distribution of aerosol extinction coefficient and its time and spatial variations during the morning breeze transition period. The experiment was carried out near the town of Akhtopol with a groundbased aerosol lidar. The results show an existence of characteristic extinction distribution (aerosol stratification) for each stage. In the beginning of the period, when in the lowest 200 m there is still an off-shore breeze, an aerosol layer with high extinction exists at heights of about 150 - 200 m above the sea surface. As the sunheating gets stronger this layer is gradually destroyed. At the end of the period, when the on- shore breeze is already established, in the lowest 200 m, a layer of low extinction is observed at height of about 200 m above the sea surface. A coincidence has been revealed between the heights of the wind changes and location of layers where the extinction differs from the one of the surrounding air. Besides the change in breeze pattern, the change in the relative humidity also affects the observed time and spatial variations in aerosol extinction.


The universal personal communication system age is coming soon and significantly more knowledge is needed on the interaction of electromagnetic fields with the human body in the millimeter-wave band, particularly in the 20-60 GHz frequency range. Since electromagnetic energy deposition in the human body in this frequency range is superficial (skin, eyes, etc. ...), a study has been initiated using a modified version of the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) expanding grid algorithm to determine Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) distributions. These distributions were obtained using a homogeneous dielectric sphere as a simplified skin-equivalent model of the human head at 20 GHz and 30 GHz, consecutive to a plane-wave exposure. A correct formulation for the absorbing boundary condition is given. Subsequently, the effect of bringing the absorbing boundary within the dielectric body is considered and results are discussed.<<ETX>>


This article examines the political, economic, historic, and cultural explanations for why the United States lags behind other major English-speaking countries in the formal delivery of media education. The research relies on formal documents and newsletters, interviews with leading media education researchers and teachers from numerous nations, and site visits to five countries. Among the many factors explored are the sheer physical size of the U.S., its highly heterogeneous population, resistance to the federal government's making central educational or broadcasting policy, the fact that the U.S. exports far more media products than it imports, and a long-standing reluctance to take the popular arts seriously. * * * The United States finds itself in the ironic position of being the world's leading exporter of media products while lagging behind every other major Eng1ish-speaking country in the world in the formal delivery of media education in its schools. Are there specific reasons that explain the less developed state of U.S. media education? If so, what obstacles lie ahead? The formal research for this study began in 1993 when I began collecting material from around the world, including formal documents, brochures, newsletters, and educational plans; interviewing leading media education scholars and researchers, as well as experienced media education master teachers and inexperienced teachers from around the world; and directly observing in five countries, spending the greatest periods in England, Scotland, and the United States. A worldwide movement in media literacy education has been growing for roughly 30 years. Since the mid-1990s, Australia has mandated media education from kindergarten through 12th grade. Ontario has mandated it for grades 7-12 since 1987. In Britain in 1996, approximately 25,000 students took their GCSE exams (for 16-year-olds) and some 8,000 university-bound 18-year-o1ds took their A Level (advanced level) exams in media studies. Even before the fall of apartheid, South Africa was already ahead of the United States in formal media education (Criticos, 1997). Numerous non-English-speaking regions and countries have also developed media education initiatives at a rapid rate. Substantive developments have occurred in Scandinavia, South America, Europe, Asia, Russia, and Israel (see Brown, 1991; Piette & Giroux, 1997). In the United States, significant statewide initiatives are now in place in New Mexico and North Carolina, with noteworthy developments having occurred in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and other states. Most states are home to one or more organized groups working to advance the cause of media education, locally, statewide, or nationally. In 1992, the first National Leadership Conference on


We prove mathematically that the least squares regression scheme is of little use for identification from inexact data, even in the low noise case. Its results depend solely on the prejudice~ concerning which subsets of variables are chosen as "regressands" and which as "regressors" from a given set of data variables. In practice least squares regression results are always biased and depend on the relative noise levels, while even the signs of the "estimates" are completely determined by the arbitrary choice of the regressands if the number of underlying relationships is misspecified. The principal components (or statistical common factor) scheme fares a similar fate, since the choice of how many principal components (or common factors) to retain is essentially prejudiced and not determined by the data. Both schemes produce artificial and unexplained correlations among the residuals. For the principal components scheme this occurs because it usually violates Wilson's inequality. Afortiori we prove exactly why in practice factor indeterminancy occurs. The exact (ideal) multiple common factor scheme of Frisch and Thurstone has not yet been solved, except for small numbers (six and less) of data variables.


Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) to LAGEOS has a remarkable contribution to high-precise geodesy and geodynamics through deriving and validating various global geophysical models. This paper validates ocean tide models based on the analysis of satellite altimetry data, coastal tide gauges, and hydrodynamic data, i.e., CSR3.0, TOPEX4.0, CSR4.0A, FES2004, GOT00.2, and the CSRC Schwiderski model. LAGEOS orbits and SLR observation residuals from solutions based on different ocean tide models are compared and examined. It is found that LAGEOS orbits are sensitive to tidal waves larger than 5 mm. The analysis of the aliasing periods of LAGEOS orbits and tidal waves reveals that, in particular, the tidal constituent S2 is not well established in the recent ocean tide models. Some of the models introduce spurious peaks to empirical orbit parameters, which can be associated with S2, Sa, and K2 tidal constituents, and, as a consequence, can be propagated to fundamental parameters derived from LAGEOS observations.


Perhaps the first consideration which arises when a choice of material is to be made is a survey of the actual environment in which the child exists. Pupils of Speyer School live in a congested section of a large city. This in itself determined the point of approach in most of the instances cited. The city child making a study of wheat and its significance to his life knows something about flour and cereals, as they appear in the grocery and at his home. He has some indefinite knowledge of wheat cultivation, and a vague notion of the function of the grain elevators which are much in evidence in one section of Manhattan. He sees with half awakened eyes the large milk-handling plants in his immediate neighborhood, but, as in the case of the grain elevators, school activities must supply the missing links which will help him to interpret the significance of these things in real life.


The configurable phased array demonstrator (CPAD) is a low-cost, reconfigurable, small-scale testbed for the dual-polarized array antenna and radar prototype. It is based on the concept that individual transmit and receive (TR) modules and radiating elements can be configured in different ways to study the impact of various array manifolds on radiation pattern performance. For example, CPAD is configured as (a) a 4 × 4 planar array, (b) a planar array with mirror configuration, and (c) a circular array to support the multifunctional phased array radar (MPAR) system risk reduction studies. System descriptions are given in detail, and measurements are made and results are analyzed.


The development of information communication technology (ICT) has brought tremendous changes to our daily lives. With ICT development, the business of 'content' – via media entertainment products – has increased its circulation worldwide. Undoubtedly, the U.S. is home to the largest content business in the world, especially in the media entertainment market, based in Hollywood. Japan also developed its own 'content business' in the 1980s. In the Japanese content market, 1/3 of book sales are manga (Japanese comic books or magazines) while terrestrial television broadcast companies dominate the domestic visual content market (Onouchi, 2007). Local broadcasting companies have produced 95% of television (TV) programs since the 1980s. Now, those TV programs developed in Japan for domestic audiences have acquired recognition outside of Japan as well. Japanese animation (anime) programs now lead the global animation market accounting for almost 60% of all animated programs (Nakamura & Onouchi, 2006). Japanese TV drama series (J-drama) flourished in Asian regions in the 1990s and early 2000s before other television drama series from East Asian countries such as South Korea and Taiwan attained popularity. American journalist Douglas McGray (2002) coined the term "Gross National Cool" (GNC) by playing on words GNP (Gross National Products) in the Foreign Policy magazine. He praised GNC as Japan's strength and remarked that "from pop music to consumer electronics, architecture to fashion, animation to cuisine, Japan looks more like a cultural superpower today than it did in the 1980s" (p.44). Since then, media consumption of Japanese popular culture outside of Japan (e.g. Darling-Wolf, 2003;


Several mixed-potential-type NO(subscript x) sensors were prepared by means of screen-printing technique using yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ, 8 mol% Y2O3 doped) as electrolyte and some powders obtained by the NiO mixed with different proportion of YSZ as electrode material. The physical characteristics of sensors was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Dependences of electromotive force (EMF) and complex impedance on the NO(subscript x) concentration were studied by corresponding testing equipments, respectively. The results showed that the phase of NiO or YSZ is single and no new phase is formed; under the same testing environment containing NO, the potential response of the sensor is maximum and the impedance of that in the context of 0.01 Hz~100 kHz is minimum when the molar ratio of YSZ share 20 mol% in sensitive electrode, SEM also shows a very good three-phase interface at the same time.


In this study, monodisperse poly(acrylamide-co-sodium acrylate) hydrogel microparticles with a controlled water absorbance capacity were synthesized in a droplet microfluidic device that can be used for enhanced oil recovery applications. The experimental method and the microfluidic device were optimized to produce well-spaced monodisperse monomer droplets that were then polymerized by UV initiation in an oil reservoir. The monomer composition (acrylamide-to-sodium acrylate weight ratio) and the cross-linker concentration were tailored to increase the water absorbance capacity. The copolymer composition was evaluated and confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy measurements. The water absorbance capacity determined by swelling experiments agreed very well with that predicted by Flory–Huggins swelling theory, which relates swelling to the ionic content and the cross-linker concentration.


An area of CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) phase equilibrium in the (Cs2O-Li2O) -- B2O3 -- MoO3 system was determined with spontaneous crystallization method. Crystals of 75 X 60 X 40 mm3 size have been growth in [100] direction with Kiropulos method. The forth-harmonic generation (270 nm) was achieved through the doubling of second-harmonic frequency in a multi-mode Nd:YAP laser in the type 1 collinear phase-matched geometry. The second-harmonic radiation in the technological laser of 3 mrad divergence was focused onto the input face of the crystal by a long-focus quartz lens. The input power density of the second harmonic was 300 MW/cm2. Using a 11.5 mm crystal, we showed that the highest efficiency of the forth-harmonic generation is 30%. The fifth harmonic (216 nm) in CLBO crystal was generated by composing the main laser beam and the forth-harmonic beam under the type 1 collinear phase-matching. Both beams were converged with dichroic and turning mirrors and then focused by a long-focus quartz lens. Our experiments showed that the fifth-harmonic generation in a multi-mode technological laser of 3 mrad divergence is possible in a 10 mm CLBO crystal of 23% optical conversion efficiency. The input power density of the forth harmonic was 100 MW/cm2. The use of longer CLBO crystal is less effective due to the nonlinear UV absorption and the walk off between the pump beam (1079 nm) and the harmonic beam.


The term 'multiple discrimination' has begun appearing regularly in EU policy documents since the adoption of the anti-discrimination directives in 2000 that expanded the number of prohibited discrimination grounds in EU law from two (sex and nationality) to seven (race, ethnic origin, age, sexual orientation and religion or belief). The purpose of this paper is to identify the problems the concept of 'multiple discrimination' is intended to address and to evaluate the extent to which including 'multiple discrimination' within the scope of prohibitions against discrimination resolves these problems. The paper first explains how the concept of multiple discrimination has emerged from anti-essentialist feminist theory and Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality. It is then argued that multiple discrimination incorporates these theories' focus on accurate representation of complex identities, and that this preoccupation with accurate representation of identity limits the potential of the concept of multiple discrimination in addressing discrimination based on multiple grounds. It is proposed that post-structuralist and modern psychological theories of and research on identity formation may help us get beyond preoccupations with accurate identity representation and get closer to a more accurate representation of what is occurring when someone experiences discrimination: the construction and application of identity categories in order to protect the privileged positions in a social hierarchy.


A method for forming an epitaxial layer according to the present invention includes a step of forming multiple first insulating patterns which are separated from each other in a substrate, a step of forming first epitaxial patterns on the first insulating patterns, a step of forming second insulating patterns touching the first insulating patterns in the substrate between the first insulating patterns, and a step of forming a single epitaxial layer which includes the first epitaxial patterns and second epitaxial patterns on the first insulating patterns and the second insulating patterns, by forming the second epitaxial patterns touching the first epitaxial patterns between the first epitaxial patterns on the second insulating patterns.


The utility model provides an ammonia water preparation device which has the characteristic of short preparation period. In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme is as follows: the ammonia water preparation device comprises an ammonia preparation tank, an injection pump, a pump, a cooling water tank and a cooling water machine, wherein a water circulation loop is formed through the ammonia preparation tank, the injection pump and the pump; liquid ammonia is introduced into a liquid inlet of the injection pump; a main body of the injection pump is arranged in the cooling water tank; the cooling water tank is connected with the cooling water machine through a guide pipe; a U-shaped copper pipe is arranged in the cooling water tank, and the U-shaped copper pipe is respectively connected with a water outlet and a water inlet of the cooling water machine; the cooling water tank is provided with the water outlet and the water inlet, and the water outlet and the water inlet are both provided with valves. The ammonia water preparation device provided by the utility model ensures that water is mixed with the liquid ammonia in a constant low-temperature environment by arranging the injection pump in the cooling water tank and cooling the water inside the cooling water tank through the cooling water machine and shortens the preparation period.


The present invention is applicable to the field of communication technology, there is provided a display screen of a terminal device, comprising the steps of: determining whether the terminal device is in a vibratory state; if the terminal device is in the vibratory state, a predetermined screen on the the display content enlargement processing. Accordingly, the present invention further provides a terminal device. Accordingly, the present invention enables a user to conveniently at ambient shaking accurately read the contents of the display terminal device, thereby improving the user experience.


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PID and fuzzy PID controller are used for the wind turbine with the nonlinear mathematical model. PID control has simple principle and its parameters setting are rather easy. Fuzzy PID controller combines with the reasoning goals/constraints on robustness (robust fuzzy PID controller), which can effectively improve the robustness. MATLAB software is used for simulations, and the results display that the robust fuzzy PID controller has better performances than the PID controller when errors exist, especially robustness performance.


Hybrid vehicles, which employ a technology combining gasoline and electric motors, are a hot item these days for transporters looking for ways to cut their fuel bills. To date, commercial systems implement diesel assisted electrical drives. As such the electrical motor is placed in a series or parallel configuration to assist the combustion engine. In the series configuration, the generator mounts directly to the engine, and most of the engine power is converted into electric energy to drive the traction motors at the axle/wheel ends. This enables the exclusion of the mechanical drive path between the engine and the drive wheels.


The Treaty of Maastricht introduced the European Ombudsman into the institutional landscape of the Union. The emergence of an extra-judicial mechanism geared towards overseeing the administrative behaviour of the Union bureaucracy served a twofold objective. In legal terms, it sought to enhance the protection of citizens' rights and interests in the Union space by establishing an alternative route to administrative litigation. In political terms, it was employed as a tool to put a smiling face to a largely distant, impersonal, and incomprehensible Community structure, soothe the growing uneasiness of the Union citizenry, and sugar the pill of further European integration.


Electrical propagation (action potentials) in excitable tissue, such as nerve cells and cardiac myocytes, is described by a parabolic diffusion-reaction equation for the transmembrane potential (voltage) V ( x, t ), known as the cable equation . It is driven by a rapidly varying, highly nonlinear (and expensive to evaluate) ionic source term I ion ( V, t ) representing the total ionic current across the cell membrane, plus a stimulus current. The ionic term is governed by the Hodgkin-Huxley or some other more complicated ionic model, appropriate to the tissue; its evaluation requires solving a system of ODEs for the "gates". We compare the performance of eleven time-stepping numerical schemes on the 1D cable equation with Luo-Rudy I (1991) ionic source (the evaluation of which involves seven ODEs). The time-steppers include Euler, Super-Time-Stepping, DuFort-Frankel, as well as low and high order, explicit and implicit, non-adaptive and adaptive Runge-Kutta integrators.


Objectives: To assess the relationship of retinopathy with Glasgow coma Scoring in cerebral malaria. Design: Prospective, observational, cohort study. Cohort study comprising of all malaria positive patients. Setting: Study was carried out in Department of Paediatrics, S.S.M.C and associated G.M. Hospital Rewa, Madhya Pradesh during the period of 1 st August 2015 to 31 st July 2016. Participants: 100 consecutive patients with cerebral malaria evaluated by ophthalmologist for changes of retinopathy were included in the study. All 100 cases were malaria positive. Main Outcome Measure(s): Results: Retinopathy was present in 41% of children in cerebral malaria (malaria positive with encephalopathy). In Cerebral malaria on the basis of GCS we found that 79% patients with Glasgow score less than or equal to 6 had retinopathy, while only 35% who had Glasgow score more than 6 had retinopathy. Conclusions: A positive association of patients having Glasgow coma scoreless or equal to 6 had proportionally high incidence of retinopathy. This shows that the incidence of retinopathy increases as the Glasgow coma score decreases and retinopathy is significantly associated with low GCS. Retinopathy and low GCS together in turn is related to high mortality in cerebral malaria.


By designing a regional credit environment evaluation system including six parts,i. e. the regional economy,government integrity,financial system,business integrity,social integrity and judicial confidentiality,the paper conducts an evaluation of regional credit environment and discloses the evaluation results in the appropriate scope,which provides a scientific and quantitative indicator system and evaluation standard for the local Party and governments in the cities and counties( districts) when promoting credit system construction,and also provides reference for the superior party and government departments when assessing the local credit construction.


(87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2014/110764 (57) ABSTRACT PCT Pub. Date: Jul. 24, 2014 The invention relates to a method for dynamically indicating O a TDD re-configuration to the mobile station by encoding (65) Prior Publication Data the dynamic TDD re-configuration indication into the DCI US 2015/0358998 A1 Dec. 10, 2015 or CRC calculated for the DCI. In one embodiment, the s TDD configuration indication is implicitly encoded as an (51) Int. Cl. RNTI into the CRC, when scrambling the CRC for the DCI H04W 72/12 (2009.01) with a TDD-RNTI. In another embodiment, the TDD con H04W 74/08 (2009.01) figuration indication is part of the DCI payload, while the H04W 52/36 (2009.01) CRC for the DCI is scrambled with a cell identifier, iden H047 72/04 (2009.01) tifying the target cell for which the dynamic TDD re H04L 5/14 (2006.01) configuration is to be applied. In still another embodiment, (Continued) the TDD configuration indication is part of the DCI payload, (52) U.S. Cl. where the DCI payload further includes an invalid parameter CPC ....... H04W 72/1289 (2013.01); H04L I/0041 indicating to the mobile station that the DCI carries the TDD (2013.01); H04L 1/0061 (2013.01); configuration indication. (Continued) 12 Claims, 10 Drawing Sheets


From the seeds of two fruits of Cochlospermum vitifolium (Bixaceae) "poro-poro" we reared 47 individuals of Megacerus maculiventris Fahraeus, 1839 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (23 males, 24 females). In addition, we found the parasitoid wasp Stenocorse bruchivora (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae), one male and seven females, from larvae of the bruchid Megacerus maculiventris. The family Bixaceae, with the species Cochlospermum vitifolium, is reported for the first time as host plant of the genus Megacerus (Bruchidae). The percentage of damage caused to the seeds by the bruchid is reported.


In the original version of the manuscript [1] there was an inadvertent error. The words "25 °C for 48 h" should be replaced with "25 °C for 24 h". The authors carried out the coating experiments at 25 °C for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The apatite coatings formed at 25 °C for 24 and 48 h were found to be identical in physicochemical nature, which was revealed by SEM, EDX, XRD and chemical analysis. Thus, in the animal experiments, the authors used apatite-coated Ti pins fabricated at 25 °C for 24 h. Several corrections are thus required in the abstract, the main text, the figure legends, and the figures (Table 1). The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused to readers of the journal. [...]


Abstract : The Weather Analysis and Prediction Department of EPRF has as its primary task the production of a 'Handbook for Forecasters in the Mediterranean.' One of the first steps in initiating the required research program was a literature search. This Technical Note contains a bibliography of selected publications based on the results of that search.


Traditional network management technologies don't have interoperability to use differentprotocols or management information models each other. Many researchers have tried to find solutions of these problems to use distributed paradigms. But the benefits of existing models are mainly supported only by qualitative evidences rather than by quantitative evidences. In this paper, we present a quantitative evidence of the efficiency of network management model using mobile agent paradigm. To compare distributed paradigms and proposed model, we use parameterized traffic models for measuring the amount of whole traffic generated by each model,


Research into the nature and quantity of district nursing practice highlights the complex and valuable skills of district nurses. It places high value on the relationship between the nurse and the patient and the ability of district nurses to act as a friend as well as a practitioner (Andrews, 1990).


RCN Wales has presented government officials with a position paper that demands 'urgent attention' should be paid to improving emergency care services.


The article presents the results of experiments on cyclic loading of samples with an annular V-shaped notch and their mathematical modeling. The tests were carried out on specimens of the BrKh08-Sh alloy with a cyclic change in the tensile load from 0 to a given value. Under such loading, the material in the groove area is subjected to cyclic elastoplastic deformation, which leads to failure due to low-cycle fatigue. When testing samples using the digital image correlation method, the deformation of the material on the surface of the undercut was measured, which made it possible to determine the nature of the change in its range from cycle to cycle. Mathematical modeling of experiments is carried out according to the finite element method. For this purpose, models of elastic-plastic deformation and accumulation of material damages are introduced into the SIMULIA Abaqus software package. The plasticity model is based on the theory of flow under combined hardening. The damage accumulation model is based on the energy strength criterion. The article presents the basic equations used to calculate the models. The material parameters are determined and verified based on the results of a basic experiment on cyclic tension-compression of a smooth cylindrical sample under asymmetric rigid loading. Based on the results of the calculation, cartograms of stresses, deformations, and accumulated damages were constructed. It is shown that when the sample is unloaded, in the area of stress concentration close to the annular groove, compressive stresses arise, the values of which are close to the values of tensile stresses at the moment of application of the maximum load. The results of mathematical modeling are compared with the experiment. A comparison of the results was carried out in terms of the range of axial deformation of the material on the surface of the undercut and the number of cycles before failure.


This paper considers certain experimental tasks used by cognitive psychologists, performance on which has been thought to show that intelligent and able human subjects are `irrational'. It is argued that the responses judged to be `correct' (which the subjects usually fail to give) are so only in a pedantic sense. They are the responses that would follow if thinking was in accord with some simple abstract model and if it could legitimately be claimed that following the model constituted rationality. The models chosen are shown to be inappropriate for the purpose. Furthermore, no account is taken of the subjects' desire genuinely to participate in the experiment-to make sense of the task given and respond according to that sense. Subjects do not without specific instruction try to dissect out an abstract model and respond according to that. It is concluded that the responses actually given are prima facie evidence of rationality in the subjects.


Influence of a nonuniform anisotropy distribution on domain reversal dynamics in ferromagnetic thin films has been investigated. A micromagnetic model has been developed adopting a Monte Carlo algorithm to examine the thermally activated reversal process. In this study, the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy magnitude is spatially nonuniform. Interestingly, the simulation results demonstrate the crucial importance of the nonuniform anisotropy variation on the domain reversal dynamics. The reversal behavior is altered from wall-motion dominant to nucleation dominant with a small change in the spatial anisotropy distribution.


We propose the use of wearable and environmental sensors to capture and model social interactions in the workplace, combined with data mining techniques and social network analysis for organizational engineering applications. By combining behavioral sensor data with other sources of information such as text-mined documents, surveys, and performance data, it is possible to optimize organizations.


Rotational motions of NH2 groups have been observed in the three known solid phases of KNH2 by means of quasielastic neutron scattering. The observed intensities of the elastic and quasielastic components can be accounted for by various reorientational jump models between equivalent equilibrium orientations of the NH2 ion: 180° jumps about the molecular axis (monoclinic phase); 90° jumps about the fourfold crystal axis (tetragonal phase); most probably 120° jumps about the threefold axes (cubic phase). In some cases preliminary values of residence time have been obtained from lineshape fits.


Development of bio-sourced materials over the recent years has shown growing interests due to their eco-friendly characteristics. The combination of bio-sourced material such as kenaf, jute, sisal and many more into current synthetic fibres such as glass and carbon fibre, which is also known as hybrid composites, offers several significant benefits including sustainability, cost reduction, product variety and high specific mechanical properties. There are many methods used to fabricate composite parts nowadays. However, each method has its own requirement and usability. This review paper intends to focus on suitable technique to be adopted in order to fabricate bio-sourced hybrid composites. Some of the fabrication methods are customized in order to suit with the application of natural fibres. The selected methods are also highlighted with the application in aerospace and automotive industry. The process and outcomes are presented comparatively.


To plan is to formulate a scheme or method for attaining some goal. Scientists are just beginning to understand the psychological processes and brain systems involved.

Keywords:

planning;
problem solving;
frontal lobes;
executive functions;
multi-tasking


IN AMERICA legal claims for loss of hearing due to acoustic trauma are not uncommon, and one wonders for how long we can escape them here. This country is becoming increasingly conscious that noise can be a nuisance and interfere with concentration or performance, but in addition it can do actual harm to the ear. I hope to outline the steps to be taken in the attack on a noise problem to reduce this harm to a minimum or prevent it altogether. If because of the noise the voice must be raised to make conversation possible, then that noise is potentially harmful. It may cause deafness by damaging the organ of Corti in the internal ear. The deafness can be temporary or permanent, and its degree will depend on such factors as the character of the noise, length of exposure and various attributes of the exposed person (age, previous ear disease and so on). Very loud noises can cause permanent deafhess even after a single short exposure; sharp interrupted sounds are probably worse than continuous Ones of otherwise similar properties. Even traffic noise is said to cause impairment of hearing in policemen after many years.


Microinjections of Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-Arg, Tyr-D-Orn-Gly-Phe-NH2, Tyr-D-Arg-Gly-PheOEt induced blockade of alimentary conditioning in the Skinner's box in rats. The data obtained suggest an involvement of the enkephalinergic neostriatal system in the motor-conditioned alimentary behaviour.


We describe a new radiographic technique using quasi- monochromatic (gamma) -rays. Conventional radiography of dense or thick objects is severely limited by the broad energy spread of bremsstrahlung (gamma) -rays. The development of intense, tunable, near-monochromatic (gamma) - rays sources in the 4-30 MeV range affords the opportunity to develop a new type of radiographic tomography. Such (gamma) -rays will shortly be available from inverse Compton free-electron laser sources. The expected narrow energy spread and energy tunability will allow not only the structure and distribution of material in an object to be determined but also the specific elemental composition of the material. This is because each element has a slightly different absorption cross section minimum. Furthermore, the quasi-monochromatic nature of the incident (gamma) -ray beam will allow discrimination between scattered and unscattered photons exiting the test object, and result in reliable composition and density data. In this paper, we present an overview of the radiographic process and some early computer simulation results.


Intellectual property rights education is the important foundation of cultivating college students' innovation ability.It take great effect on promoting college students' innovation ability from three aspects such as innovation consciousness,innovation skills and innovative environment.Strengthening and popularizing intellectual property rights education should be the important content in the higher education reform in colleges.


Abstract High-quality cups with a deep drawing ratio of more than four cannot be simply drawn by conventional drawing and redrawing. A special technology is required to form cups of a high deep drawing ratio. In the present study, after the conventional mechanical deep drawing process, subsequent hydromechanical reverse redrawing with controlled radial pressure has been developed. In order to increase the deep drawing ratio by more than four, the radial pressure is controlled independently of the chamber pressure and thus an optimum forming condition can be determined by varying the radial pressure. The process has been verified by a rigid-plastic finite element (FE) analysis considering all the external force boundary conditions induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The pressure distribution on the sheet is calculated numerically from the simplified Navier-Stokes equation. Through the experiment and the FE analysis, it has been shown that hydromechanical reverse redrawing assisted by separate radial pressure, developed in the present study, helps to increase the drawability of cylindrical cups, and thus it is useful when forming long cups.


The growth and development of all animals involves transitions between different physiological states. The key developmental transition of critical weight (CW) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster dramatically changes the growing larva's response to nutrient restriction (NR). Developmental progression is arrested by NR before CW whereas it proceeds without delay when NR occurs after CW. It is known that the time of onset of CW and other developmental transitions are regulated by the steroid hormone ecdysone but questions remain concerning the nature of the physiological changes at CW and how they might confer NR-resistant developmental progression. To begin to answer these questions, I have analysed how the larval metabolome changes when nutrition is altered either side of the CW transition. The larval metabolome was recorded via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and fitting reference spectra to recorded peaks enabled identification of the metabolites. Absolute metabolite concentrations could then be back-calculated from these spectra using the volume determination with two standards (VDTS) technique (Ragan, et al. 2013), which was further adapted to measure metabolite concentrations from the volume released from homogenisation of solid whole larval and adult samples. Through use of these techniques, I found that progression past CW correlates with the ability of fed and NR larvae to sustain a substantial increase in the concentration of tyrosine. An interesting interplay between tyrosine and a possible storage form of the metabolite: o-phosophotyrosine (OPT), suggests a process regulating the conversion between the two that may indirectly affect the biosynthesis of ecdysone. Dietary and genetic manipulations have been undertaken to draw a molecular mechanism for how varying tyrosine levels affected by CW attainment can effect time to pupariation (larval maturation). These results highlight how the field of NMR-metabolomics can be used to direct subsequent experiments to address biological questions.


Preferential aggregation of bionanoparticles to different human suspension cell lines preceding cellular uptake by endocytosis was investigated by a 3-dimensional discrete population balance model. Property space was reduced by excluding intercellular aggregation in accordance with experimental evidence and by establishing an adaptive grid with full property resolution in areas of high particle or cell densities. The aggregation rates are based on deterministic models from colloidal sciences, adapted to include biologically specific aggregation in addition to unspecific aggregation. While the collision frequency is described by the Smoluchowski kernel for Brownian motion, the collision efficiency is modelled by a kernel considering inhomogeneous surface patches. The patch encounter probability and the interaction potential energies embedded in the stability ratio gain dominant influence on the aggregation kinetics.
 Given a cell specific receptor density as input parameter, the preferential aggregation of bionanoparticles to U-937 cells in mixture with KARPAS-299 cells was successfully simulated. Fast specific biological aggregation is superimposed on slow unspecific aggregation. The distribution of adsorbed bionanoparticles per cell initially broadens considerably until all receptors are saturated, then narrows down to a quasi-equilibrium state where only unspecific aggregation persists. A low probability of bionanoparticle-receptor encounters, based on considerations concerning cell and receptor geometries, causes a rate limitation of biologically specific aggregation despite the high bionanoparticle to cell concentration ratio and purely attractive interaction potentials.
 Validation experiments with IgG1, CD13 and CD33 antibodies were performed by flow cytometry. By appropriate gating separate aggregation dynamics could be gained for each cell type. Since the expression levels of antigens on the cell surfaces vary between the experiments and because the quantification of adsorbed antibody numbers remains difficult, dimensionless experimental data is compared to the simulations with very good agreement. Selective and specific drug delivery to target cells might represent a future application of this principle.


[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of solar radiation under forest on growth and development of ginseng.[Method] Choosing 10 experinent units of Jile Farm in Meihekou City in Jilin Province,the indexes of direct radiation,diffuse radiation,photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and spectral solar radiation were determined.Taking 8 years ginseng under forest as material,morphological index and net photosynthesis rate(Pn) were determined.[Result] When the daily accumulated value of diffuse radiation under forest was 109.45-202.27 W/m2,the growth of ginseng aerial parts showed negative correlation with it.The plant height only depended on PAR.The stem height,leaf width and leaf area showed significant correlation with diffuse radiation and no significant correlation with PAR.The stem diameter showed significant negative correlation with diffuse radiation and PAR.When the PAR value was close,the test sites which were rich in far-red light and green light,the Pn of ginseng under forest was bigger.[Conclusion] There was an important effect of solar radiation under forest on morphological characteristics and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of ginseng.


To study the pattern of QT intervals in Type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) and investigate whether they have correlation with or predict development of Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN). One hundred and eight (108) T2DM patients were compared with 88 normal controls. They all had resting ECG performed and QT intervals manually measured. The T2DM patients had non-invasve assessment of cardiac autonomic function. When more than two of the 6 tests was accepted as presence of CAN.Those with and without CAN were compared statistically and correlation determined. The QT intervals (QTc, QTd, QTcd) were significantly longer in patients than controls. Thirty seven(34.2%) of the patients had CAN. Their age and the QT intervals were not statistically different from those without CAN. The QTc was longer than 440msecs in 30 (27.8%) and QTcd longer than 80msecs in 13 (12.0%) of the study patients. About 46.7% of those whose QTc was longer than 440msecs and 54% whose QTcd were longer than 80msecs had CAN. These did not differ significantly from those without CAN. On regression analysis, none of the QT intervals correlated with or predicted CAN. There was also no correlation between QT intervals and control of blood sugar or duration of disease. The QT intervals were longer in patients than controls. There was no difference in QT intervals of patients with CAN and those without. The QT intervals did not correlate with or predict CAN Keywords : keQt Intervals, Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy, Type 2 Diabetic, Nigerian Nigerian Medical Practitioner Vol. 53 (4) 2008: pp. 48-51


Taking the seeds of Dianthus plumarius as explants,the flowering in vitro were studied.The results showed that plant hormones had effect on the development of flowering.The optima1 media for flowering was KT 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L.The medium with activated carbon was more appropriate for flowering.Flowering would be affected by different nutritional levels.It was favorable to halve the element MS medium.It had no effect on the development of flowering by changing the photoperiod for Dianthus plumarius.


The reductionist conclusions of some evolutionary theorists are countered by appealing to the transformation of feeling-traces from our evolutionary origins. Presupposed to the science of evolutionary biology is the capacity to get at the truth of things, and to live by values, which Rahner terms "spirit"; its appropriation comes about through the process of moral and intellectual "conversion" (Lonergan), extended into the realm of feelings and the psyche (Doran). This allows a non-supernaturalistic way of understanding the saving interpersonal transaction at the heart of Christian belief; framed as a personal journey, it implies a less conceptual and more imaginal approach to faith.


The following paper shows the result of a new tool assisted by computer developed for cell coverage prediction in the VHF and UHF bands for urban environments. The application is based on the two ray electromagnetic model in combination with Vogler model, which takes into account the


What do you think the impact is of showing off those tangible markers of your inventive activity? I think this type of recognition shows students and young faculty members that research, innovation and invention are of great importance to ASU. [...]when it was clear we had a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) in the state, our Luminosity Lab, one of our student-focused groups, set up a network that included not just ASU but also surrounding industries, and they started manufacturing PPE from additive manufacturing capabilities. [...]our J. Orin Edson Entrepreneurship + Innovation Institute, which is led out of my office, ASU's Knowledge Enterprise, exists for the purpose of helping people figure out how to take their ideas, put them into a form that can be thought of in terms of a commercial activity, integrate their intellectual property, and figure out how to get their inventions into the world. Coupled with SkySong, the ASU Scottsdale Innovation Center, which is where our tech transfer office is located, we've seen 306 invention disclosures, 56 license agreements, 19 start-ups, and 135 patents issued, just in FY20 alone.


We have shown in previous work that the addition of small quantities of colloidal silica to the UV- curable polymer coating of fused silica optical fiber causes a dramatic improvement in the fatigue and aging resistance both in aqueous and in constant humidity environments. The presence of silica in the coating inhibits the mechanisms responsible for the surface roughening that causes the fatigue knee and strength degradation during zero-stress aging. This work presents results which show the effect of higher concentrations of the silica additive (6 wt%) and of an adhesion promoting agent on both the rheological properties of the polymer coating and the fatigue and zero-stress aging behavior of the fiber. Viscosity measurements show thixotropic behavior which indicates that the silica particles tend to form a network structure in the prepolymer. Filtration of the prepolymer to remove large particles is hampered by this phenomenon. The fiber coated with the silica-containing polymer exhibits substantial improvement in the long term mechanical reliability compared to a reference fiber without additive in the coating.


Considering the need for excelling in areas of advanced technology, the city police on Tuesday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IIT Hyderabad for enhancing the safety and security of citizens....


Corruption is considered to be one of the main challenges of Islamic Republic of Iran. This challenge particularly in economic, administrative and social domains has given rise to numerous difficulties. For example, in the domain of citizenship rights it has led to the creation of discrimination, social and political inequalities, lack of accountability before the citizens and also the lack of suitable mechanism for dealing with the economic and political crimes. The current essay is an effort for studying the most important representations of corruption after Revolution and providing the required solutions for its prevention. For this reason the following questions are raised: what are the effects of corruption on citizenship rights in Islamic Republic of Iran? What are the legal and practical solutions for each one of them? According to the results of the present study, development and expansion of freedoms mentioned in the Constitution, recreation of the role and place of the Inspection Organization and Administrative Supreme Court as well as avoiding parallel works in the institutions and decisive fight against corruption can prevent from the corruption in a desirable way and protect the citizenship rights. The present study takes advantage of descriptive-analytic method and its data have been gathered via library studies.


Cross correlation structures of stream temperatures with meteorological and hydrological quantities are examined by the multi-resolution approximation (MRA). Studiea here is the lb。 River, Japan, where 27 observation points have been set up to monitor the stream temperatures i n the whole basin extent. Time series of the stream temperatures as well as those of the river discharge, air temperatures, precipitation and sunlight duration are successfully decomposed with different time scales by MRA. Cross correlation analysis shows that the stream temperature with longer time-scale strongly correlates with the air temperature with the same time-scale. KeywordsRiver Bas in Env i ronment , Stream Temperature, Ibo River.


Organizational change research has concentrated on the challenges of implementing isolated changes, paying little attention to the interactions among concurrent change initiatives. Our longitudinal...


Image quality assessment becomes more and more important with the development of image and video processing applications. Over the years, many new image quality metrics have emerged. It is important to evaluate performance of these quality metrics under the same conditions and analyze their strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, we first review others' work, analyze the characteristics a good metrics should satisfy and propose a philosophy based upon our analysis. Then we design a new system which reflects metric's characteristics by comparing curvature array of metric function and execute it to degraded image. 3 kinds of point-spread functions: Gaussian, motion and disk, and 3 kinds of noise: Gaussian noise, salt noise and uniform noise were considered in our experiment. Our experiment results have shows characteristics of metrics and exhibited some interesting conclusions. These conclusions might be helpful in designing a new image quality metric.


The asynchronous nature of many MPI/PVM programs does not fit the BSP model. The barrier synchronization imposed by the model restricts the range of available algorithms and their performance. Through the suppression of barriers and the generalization of the concept of superstep we propose two new models, the BSP-like and the BSP Without Barriers (BSPWB) models. While the BSP-like extends the BSP* model to programs written using collective operations, the more general BSPWB model admits the MPI/PVM parallel asynchronous programming style. As LogP, the model encourages locality but it is simpler to use. The parameters of the models and their quality are evaluated on a distributed shared memory machine, the Origin 2000 and on a distributed memory machine, the CRAY T3E. The dependence of the time spent in an h-relation is stronger in the communication pattern than in the number of processors. The total variation of the h-relation time in both the patterns and processor numbers is smaller than sixty nanoseconds. To illustrate the proposed models, two different applications are considered: a Parallel Sort using Regular Sampling (PSRS) and a Parallel Dynamic Programming Algorithm solving the Single Resource Allocation Problem (SRAP). The PSRS is a synchronous algorithm with a rich set of collective communication patterns and coarse grain communications. On the opposite extreme, the SRAP is a fine grain communication algorithm using permutation patterns. The computational results prove the accuracy of the models. The prediction of the communication times is robust even for the SRAP, where communication is dominated by small messages.