Objective: To identify the barriers in practicing family planning methods (FPM) among reproductive age group women attending antenatal clinics of two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in antenatal clinics of Obstetrics Outpatient Department of two tertiary care hospitals of Karachi Pakistan, 450 women of 15-49 years of age were included in the study by consecutive sampling, interviewed by using structured questionnaire after taking the informed consent. The data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the barriers related to use of family planning methods.
Results: The mean age of women was 26.6 with SD 4.6 years. The odds of using FPM by women who received advise of FP in last delivery were 2.9 times more as compared to women who did not receive FP advise (OR=2.9, 95%CI: 2.8- 3.1) in last delivery. The other variables which showed significant association with use of FPM were living in joint family (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.7-1.9), having more than two female children (OR=3.0,95%CI=1.7-5.3), Husbands' in favor of use of FPM (OR=24.2,95% CI=1.7-5.3), women ever consulted with family planning clinics (OR=7.7, 95%CI=2.3- 26.0), women received antenatal care in last pregnancy (OR=2.1,95%CI=1.3-3.3) and women received post-partum care in last pregnancy (OR=2.7,95%CI=1.5-4.7).
Conclusion: Socio-cultural, minimal access, lack of information, husbands' involvement were the major barriers identiied in this study. Antenatal care and family planning counseling can play a major role in uptake of FPM.


We have developed a dilatometric measuring system for thermal expansion and magnetostriction, those are more singular than specific heat in approaching to a quantum critical point. With decreasing temperature, thermal expansion becomes small in proportional to the square of temperature, thus, high sensitivity and reproducibility are necessary for the dilatometric measurements in millikelvin temperatures. Our dilatometer composed of the sample and the reference capacitor provides the extremely high resolution of ΔL/L ~ 10−10 using the ratio-transformer-based capacitance bridge. The dilatometer was installed on the 3He-4He dilution refrigerator with the 9 T superconducting magnet, and temperature was measured by the 3He melting curve thermometer. We have measured thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the typical heavy fermion compound CeRu2Si2 along a-axis at temperature down to 10 mK in magnetic fields up to 9 T.


Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts possess excellent activity for CO direct esterification to dimethyl oxalate (DMO), and lots of investigations have been conducted on the active component Pd. Nevertheless, there are few...


The conversion of classroom teaching to e-learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic is leading to increased stress among students worldwide. In spring 2021, 729 students from six German universities took part in the online study on the stress-related consequences of the COVID 19 pandemic. More than half of the participants exhibited significant chronic stress, almost a quarter were very stressed. Students with higher TICS scores also showed higher levels of stress in the digital study. Thus, students with higher TICS scores also showed increased levels of Digital Study Stress. Social distancing in particular led to increased stress among students during the changeover to e-learning, with Bafög recipients and women being most affected. Both social support and the structure of the study programs were shown to be a resource for reducing stress during the pandemic.


Recent technological advances have eased the collection of big amounts of data in many research fields. In this scenario density estimation may represent an important source of information. One dimensional density functions represent a special case of functional data subject to the constraints to be non-negative and with a constant integral equal to one. Because of these constraints, a naive application of functional data analysis (FDA) methods may lead to non-valid results. To solve this problem, by means of an appropriate transformation, densities are embedded in the Hilbert space of square integrable functions where standard FDA methodologies can be applied.


Urban and industrial discharges, intense agricultural exploitation and fisheries have been causing the eutrophication in both drinking and recreational waters. A frequent consequence of eutrophication in waters is the massive development of cyanobacteria. The occurrence of these blooms induces a severe problem, as Microcystis aeruginosa, the most widespread distributed cyanobacteria, can produce microcystins (MC). Toxic effects of MC have been described in liver, lungs, stomach, and intestine. Deaths in wildlife, livestock and human beings were also associated with MC exposition. MC exposition can occurs directly by ingestion, inhalation, contact, intravenous inoculation of contaminated water (hemodialysis) or indirectly, by the consumption of animals, as fish and mollusks, the majors ingestors of cyanobacteria and its toxins. The most


We present the results of a Monte Carlo renormalization group calculation using the ..sqrt..3 block transformation introduced by Cordery, Gupta, and Novotny. The ..beta.. function for the SU(2) lattice gauge theory is calculated both along the Wilson axis and along the line K/sub A/ = -0.24K/sub F/ in the fundamental-adjoint plane.


A study of the dynamics of ionospheric plasma during geomagnetic storms in 2002-2006 observed by the 6 most equatorward HF radars in the SuperDARN array is presented. Storm events are selected on the basis of a Sudden Impulse event followed by a significant decrease in the Dst index. The change in the amount of detected backscatter following the sudden storm commencement (SSC) is analysed statistically using a superposed epoch analysis method. The amount of detected backscatter is adjusted using quiet time curves to ensure that the observed changes following SSC are due to storm-time effects rather than regular variations, which may not have been averaged out. All radars considered in this study show a significant decrease in the number of detected echoes approximately 24 hours following SSC. Changes in occurrence levels are also present within a few hours of SSC, with two of the radars seeing an increase in the amount of backscatter detected. The storm-time echo occurrences are discussed in the context of storm phases. Also considered is the change in ionospheric convection velocities following SSC, which are determined from the line-of-sight Doppler velocities of the TIGER Unwin radar. This response is considered on an event-by-event basis and the delay in the change of velocity is determined for three separate storm events in the period following SSC with results suggesting that plasma convection response is significantly faster (within 1 min) than previously thought.


Ultrafast polarization nanoscopy traces the femtosecond interlayer tunneling and the density-dependent Mott transition of strongly bound excitons in custom-tailored van der Waals heterostructures with subcycle temporal and nanometer spatial resolution.


The signing of a convention which would begin to tackle the threat of humaninduced climate change is expected to be a centrepiece of theJune 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development. Negotiations to date have already revealed serious divisions of interest, of which those dividing North and South still predominate. This article suggests that the best prospectsfor building an effective long-term regime will arisefrom seeking to develop non-traditional alliances across the North-South divide, so as toform a central coalition that more reluctant states will ultimately have to accept. The convention to be signed at Rio will not solve the greenhouse problem, but it couldform the basisfor negotiations that can start effectively to address it.


Based on building the benchmark index system of the Enterprise Knowledge Management Capability,the Knowledge Management Capability is benchmarked,using the survey data of the Chinese corporations.And some methods are proposed to buildup the knowledge management capability.The research results indicate that: Firstly,the corporation innovation performance is decided by the special knowledge management capability ultimately,which is applied in the new product development.Secondly,there is positive relationship between the corporation knowledge management capability and the corporation competitive position in the market.Thirdly,the knowledge management capability of the Chinese corporations is commonly weak,and there exists big capability gap compared with foreign corporations,which must be made up.


The head of the Yeshiva University High School for Boys is under fire for hosting a convicted child molester at his Teaneck synagogue and home as recently as February, even as the high school and the parent university was sued this week for $380 million for damages growing out of alleged sexual abuse at the high school three decades ago. Rabbi Baruch Lanner is the former New Jersey director of the Orthodox NCSY youth group. In 2000, a Jewish Week report documenting his long history of emotional and sexual abuse finally ended his career at the Orthodox Union; in 2002 he was convicted of molesting two girls at the Hillel Yeshiva High School in Deal. On Purim this year, Lanner was a guest at the home of Rabbi Michael Taubes, who is both the rosh yeshiva of the YU high school (or MTA, as it generally is called) and the spiritual leader of Congregation Zichron Mordechai in Teaneck.


Extractive document summarization is a fundamental technique for document summarization. Most well-known approaches to extractive document summarization utilize supervised learning where algorithms are trained on collections of "ground truth" summaries built for a relatively large number of documents. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, called Triangle Sum for key sentence extraction from single document based on graph theory. The algorithm builds a dependency graph for the underlying document based on co-occurrence relation as well as syntactic dependency relations. In such a dependency graph, nodes represent words or phrases of high frequency, and edges represent dependency-co-occurrence relations between them. The clustering coefficient is computed from each node to measure the strength of connection between a node and its neighbors in a dependency graph. By identifying triangles of nodes in the graph, a part of the dependency graph can be extracted as marks of key sentences. At last, a set of key sentences that represent the main document information can be extracted.


own duties, vice Lieutenant-Colonel A. D. Stewart, i.m.s. Lieutenant-Colonel A. D. Stewart, i.m.s., Professor of Hygiene, School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Calcutta, was appointed to act as Director of the School in addition to his own duties for the period from the 22nd February to the 7th March, 1928, vice LieutenantColonel J. W. D. Megaw, i.m.s. Lieutenant-Colonel W. V. Coppinger, d.s.o., m.d., F.r.c.s.i., I.M.S, Professor of Ophthalmic Surgery, Medical College, Calcutta, and Ophthalmic Surgeon of the College Hospital, is appointed to officiate as SurgeonGeneral, Bengal, during the absence of Major-General Tate, on leave. The services of Lieutenant-Colonel ^ J. M. A. Macmillan, m.d., i.m.s., Civil Surgeon, Simla (East),


Background: Misfolding and self-assembly of Amyloid-b (Ab) peptides into amyloid fibrils is pathologically linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Polymorphic Ab structures derived from monomers to intermediate oligomers, protofilaments, and mature fibrils have been often observed in solution. Some aggregates are on-pathway species to amyloid fibrils, while the others are off-pathway species that do not evolve into amyloid fibrils. Both on-pathway and offpathway species could be biologically relevant species. But, the lack of atomic-level structural information for these Ab species leads to the difficulty in the understanding of their biological roles in amyloid toxicity and amyloid formation. Methods and Findings: Here, we model a series of molecular structures of Ab globulomers assembled by monomer and dimer building blocks using our peptide-packing program and explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Structural and energetic analysis shows that although Ab globulomers could adopt different energetically favorable but structurally heterogeneous conformations in a rugged energy landscape, they are still preferentially organized by dynamic dimeric subunits with a hydrophobic core formed by the C-terminal residues independence of initial peptide packing and organization. Such structural organizations offer high structural stability by maximizing peptide-peptide association and optimizing peptide-water solvation. Moreover, curved surface, compact size, and less populated b-structure in Ab globulomers make them difficult to convert into other high-order Ab aggregates and fibrils with dominant b-structure, suggesting that they are likely to be off-pathway species to amyloid fibrils. These Ab globulomers are compatible with experimental data in overall size, subunit organization, and molecular weight from AFM images and H/D amide exchange NMR. Conclusions: Our computationally modeled Ab globulomers provide useful insights into structure, dynamics, and polymorphic nature of Ab globulomers which are completely different from Ab fibrils, suggesting that these globulomers are likely off-pathway species and explaining the independence of the aggregation kinetics between Ab globulomers and fibrils. Citation: Yu X, Zheng J (2011) Polymorphic Structures of Alzheimer's b-Amyloid Globulomers. PLoS ONE 6(6): e20575. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020575 Editor: Amit Singh, University of Dayton, United States of America Received March 22, 2011; Accepted May 4, 2011; Published June 7, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Yu, Zheng. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work is supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award (CBET-0952624) and a 3M Non-Tenured Faculty Award. This study utilized the high-performance Biowulf PC cluster at the Ohio Supercomputer Center and our ATOM Biowulf cluster at the University of Akron. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular deposition of bamyloid (Ab) as senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of aggregated neurofibrillary tau tangles [1] in human brain. The primary components of the extracellular senile plaques are Ab1–40 and Ab1–42 peptides, which are produced by cleaving a transmembrane amyloid precursor protein (APP) at Asp672 in the extracellular domain by b-secretase and at Ala713 within the intracellular domain by c-secretase [2]. Ab1–40 is a more abundant species, whereas Ab1–42 is more neurontoxic species. Both Ab peptides have an extracellular hydrophilic N-terminus (residues 1– 28) and a membrane-inserted C-terminus region (residues 29–40 or 29–42) [3]. Production of Ab is a normal process, but overexpression of Ab appears to cause the early onset of AD [4]. Accumulating evidence has shown that soluble Ab oligomers are more neurotoxic than Ab fibrils [5]. For example, a number of in vivo studies [6,7,8] have reported that synapse loss was well correlated with the level of soluble Ab oligomers, but not monomeric Ab, insoluble fibrils, or APP levels. Studies of transgenic mouse models also demonstrated that significant neuronal injury occurred before the appearance of amyloid plaques [9,10]. Ab oligomers can be classified by sizes from dimer, Ab-derived diffusible ligands (ADDL), globulomers, and annular or pore-like aggregates [11,12,13,14,15]. Although the concrete toxic mechanism of soluble Ab oligomers still remain elusive, it is generally accepted that the spontaneous aggregation of Ab oligomers has deleterious effects on the neuron cell membrane with severe consequences for perturbing ionic homeostasis, triggering oxidative injury, and altering signaling pathways [16,17]. It is well known that both amyloid oligomers and fibrils display a wide variety of structural morphologies, resulted from peptide packings and conformations, local cross-section architecture, and overall symmetry [18,19]. But, there exists a gap between highresolution structures for Ab fibrils determined by X-ray and solidstate NMR [20,21] and low-to-intermediate resolution structures PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 1 June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20575 for Ab oligomers of varied morphologies by AFM and EM [22,23]. Several NMR-based Ab1–40 and Ab1–42 models have been determined for Ab fibrils [18,20,21]. But, little structural information is currently known about amyloid oligomers, because of their small sizes, transit short-lived time, heterogeneous structures, and notorious structural sensitivity depending on experimental conditions and sample preparation methods [24,25,26]. Thus, obtaining structural information about Ab oligomers at the atomic-level is the first and important step to understand the structure-toxicity relationship of AD and other amyloidogenic diseases. Specifically, Ab-derived diffusible ligands (ADDL) and Ab globulomers that appear at early stages of Ab aggregation have been found to be highly toxic to neurons by altering synaptic activity [12,27]. Barghorn et al. [15] have reported that Ab globulomers primarily exist as 12-mers after short incubation time. They are very stable and inert to assist amyloid fibril formation upon long-time incubation, implying that the formation of Ab globulomers and fibrils undergoes different kinetic pathways (11, 15, 26). Yu et al. [28] recently proposed a low-resolution structural model for Ab1–42 globulomers consisting of dimer units, but no detailed atomic structure of Ab1–42 globulomer was provided. In this work, we modeled a series of Ab globulomers by systematically searching different packing possibilities of 12 NMRderived b-strand-loop-b-strand Ab peptides using an in-house peptide-packing program and explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which have been proved to be effective in determining various Ab oligomers of annulars [29], triangulars [30], and micelles [31]. Ab globulomers were built by parallel aligning 12 Ab monomers or 6 Ab dimers into annular structures, and classified into monomer-based globulomers with 12-fold symmetry and dimer-based globulomers with 6-fold symmetry (Figure 1). Three monomer-based models and three dimmer-based models with the lowest packing energies were coarsely selected from 72 candidates using our peptide-packing program with the generalized born of a simple switching function (GBSW) implicitsolvent model. Six globulomer models were then subject to explicit-solvent MD simulations to examine the effect of structural symmetry and building block on the structural and energetic aspects of Ab globulomers. Simulation results showed that although Ab globulomers tended to develop into different rigid and heterogeneous structures formed by dimer subunits, they all contained a hydrophobic core by C-terminal b-strands shielding from the solvent. These globulomers substantially differed from Figure 1. A three-step assembly procedure for constructing Ab17–42 globulomers by using monomer or dimer building blocks. Step 1: Ab monomer/dimer aligns parallel to the z axis (i.e. core axis) and then is rotated and replicated to form an annular structure. Step 2: each building block (i.e. monomer or dimer) is self-rotated along its b-strand axis at the center of mass by 5u interval from 0u to 360u to generate 72 candidates. Step 3: each candidate is energy minimized using GBSW implicit solvent model to obtain preliminary energy profiles of monomer-based globulomers (red) and dimer-based globulomers (black). Six lowest-energy globulomers with different peptide packings are preselected as initial conformations for subsequent explicit-solvent MD simulations to examine their structural stability. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020575.g001 MD Simulations of Ab Globulomers PLoS ONE | www.plosone.org 2 June 2011 | Volume 6 | Issue 6 | e20575 the high-order Ab aggregates in b-structure population, but consistent with experimental observations in several aspects including size, subunit organization, and residue solvation. Knowledge from detailed atomic structures of Ab globulomers in this work suggests that Ab globulomers are off-pathway species to amyloid fibrils and other oligomers, suggesting the independence of the aggregation kinetics between Ab fibrils and Ab globulomers. Materials and Methods Model construction Although there is no atomic structure of Ab globulomers available to date, experimental characterization of Ab1–42 globulomers by Barghorn et al. [11,15] and Yu et al. [28] has shown that (i) Ab globulomers mainly consists of 12 Ab monomers; (ii) Ab globulomers display a circular sh


Fielding Graduate University, founded in 1974, offers distributed graduate education and research programsin three social science areas: psychology, human and organizational development, and educationalleadership. All three schools affirm a commitment to social change and social justice. The EducationalLeadership and Change (ELC) doctoral program was developed in 1996 as a way to influence educationalreform and to make doctoral education accessible to working adults, especially those from underservedcommunities. During its development, the program struggled and faltered as it tried to establish its identityand work toward its goals. After an abrupt change in leadership, two women emerged to form a co-deanleadership team: Susan Tiara, Ph.D. and Judy Witt, Ph.D. Looking for a model that emphasized relationshipsand a more global outlook, they adopted Total Transformational Management Process (Mink, Esterhuysen,Mink, & Owen, 1993) as the conceptual framework for ELC's governance. Based on action researchprocesses, TTMP utilizes an inclusive model for change that emphasizes the system, "paying specialattention to the human side" (p. 11). TTMP was instrumental in developing ELC's way of simultaneouslyworking at the individual, group, and organizational levels and in seeing participatory action research (Park,1992, 1993) as "transformation concomitant with intense learning" (Mink, et al., 1993, p. 11). Consideringthe complexity of Fielding's dispersed learning environment, such a transformational priority in leadership,communication, and decision-making became a critical priority for both Fielding and ELC


When I say in the title that Catholicism is changing in Poland, I am fully aware that the essence of the Catholic faith and the basic structure of the Catholic church cannot be changed and are not changing. But the expression of this faith, the Catholic thought, the Catholic attitudes and mentality, a language in which the Gospel is announced, can change according to changing conditions, and are changing. This is true throughout the world. The church has a mission, a role to fulfill and must make its presence effectively meaningful for the world, and consequently it must adjust to concrete changing conditions. This is the meaning of the aggriornamento proclaimed by Pope John. What is changing in Poland? First, it is necessary to present some basic information about the situation of Catholicism in Poland. Poland has been a Catholic country for over one thousand years. The Catholic church has played an enormous role in Polish history, shaping its culture, customs, social and political attitudes. Political developments in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have strengthened ties between religious and patriotic feelings, with all the advantages and disadvantages of this situation. The average Pole has a deep sense of attachment and fidelity to his faith and his church, characterized by traditionalism and sentimentalism. Unfortunately, we have failed to develop a more rational approach to our faith. With few exceptions we have never had in Poland in the past or in more recent times great theologians. Neither have we produced heretics. Since 1944 we have been confronted in Poland with quite a new, and in some ways, an unexpected situation. As a result of the political developments at the end of World War II, Poland joined the Eastern European bloc of socialist countries. An encounter of Catholicism and materialistic-atheistic Marxism inevitably resulted in a conflict. In fact, it was a double conflict: ideological between the two incompatible doctrines; and political between the Communist state striving to attain a monopoly of ideological influence upon its citizens on the one


The method of calculating single-entry separation requirements for pairs of satellites is extended to include the interference on the top link as well as on the down link. Several heuristic models for analyzing the effects of shaped-beam antenna designs on required satellite separations are introduced and demonstrated with gain contour plots. The calculation of aggregate interference is extended to include the effects of up-link interference. The relationship between the single-entry C/I requirements, used in determining satellite separation constraints for various optimization procedures, and the aggregate C/I values of the resulting solutions is discussed.


The Universal Serial Bus (USB) specification is defined as an interface for the connection of peripheral devices, for example printers, scanners, keyboards and pointing devices, to a PC or a similar host computer. A possible application for USB is in the field of measurement and control. As the need for general-purpose sensor and actuator devices in laboratories, households, offices and industrial applications increases, designers are faced with the problem of interfacing these devices with a computer. USB is an ideal solution for this problem.


Measurements of the liquid capillary rise between filaments mounted in the form of a vertical "V" are reported and their consequences discussed. At a critical spacing between the filaments, there is a configurational change in the rise, analogous to the onset of wicking action in parallel horizontal filaments. This critical spacing may be used as a relative index of wettability. The wettability of nylon and polypropylene filaments in a series of liquids is compared to illustrate the method. A thermodynamic derivation of the relation between capillary rise and spacing at less than the critical spacing is discussed.


Jules-Paul Tardivel was the owner and editor in chief of the journal La Verite, from 1881 to the time of his death in 1905. Ardent defender of ultramontane principles, he used his journal like a weapon against all ideas that strayed from Catholic orthodoxy, or that he judged to be too liberal. Nevertheless, Tardivel did not restrict his writings to his journal: there were also many books and pamphlets to his name. The ideas that Tardivel promoted in La Verite have been thoroughly analyzed, but less consideration has been given to his other publications. This article examines some of these works, in particular his Melanges, his Notes de Voyage, and his book, Pour la patrie. A cross-analysis of Tardivel's books, journal and correspondence reveals the strategies that he deployed, along with the network that he developed to enable the diffusion of his works that had the same characteristics as the journal. Although these publications did not gain the recognition that Tardivel had hoped for, they nevertheless formed part of the armamentarium of ultramontane publications produced in the second half of the nineteenth century.


Simultaneous stabilization of the amplitude and frequency of a two-mode internal-mirror He-Ne laser (λ=633 nm) using a microprocessor controller is reported. The intensity difference between two orthgonally-polarized axial modes normalized by the total intensity is caluculated as a controlled signal. The cavity length is controlled by manipulating the current of a heater wound around the laser tube according to digital PID or I-PD algorithms so that the controlled signal coincides with a reference signal. By adjusting the reference signal, stabilized laser frequency can be tuned within ±300 MHz around the mean frequency of the atomic resonance frequencies of 20Ne and 22Ne. Frequency stability estimated by the error between the controlled and reference signals is better than 3×10-8 over a period of 30 minutes. Beat frequency fluctuations between two stabiliezed lasers over a 8 minutes are in the range 1×10-8 to 2×10-8 depending on the selected direction of polarization.


Objective To study the role of human [alpha] (1,2)-fucosyltransferase (hHT) transgene in overcoming hypercute rejection (HAR).Methods The hHT expressing vectors pRc-HT were transferred into pig iliac endothelial cells (PIECs) by lipofectinmine mediated method.Transgenic mice were produced by microinjection.The expression of H antigen and α-Gal antigen in PIECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of mice was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Results The positive expression rate of H antigen in the transfected PIECs and transgenic murine PBMCs was 40?% to 80?% and 95?% respectively.The expression ofα-Gal wassignificantly lower in transfected PIECs (37.18?%) and transgenic murine PBMCs (34.81?%) than in normal PIECs (99.91?%) and mormal murine PBMCs (34.81?%) respectively.Conclusion hHT transgene could be expressed in PIECs and transgenic mice,and decrease the expression of α-Gal antigen,which might play roles in preventing HAR.


Adding cognition to the existing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with a cognitive networking approach brings about many benefits. Cognitive networking deals with using cognition to the entire network protocol stack to achieve end-to-end goals; unlike cognitive radios that apply cognition only at the physical layer to overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity. To the best of our knowledge, almost all of the existing researches on the Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks (CWSNs) have focused on spectrum allocation and interference reduction which are related to the physical layer. In this paper we propose a new Inference and Learning model for CWSNs where a team of Learning Automata (LA) is employed to train a Bayesian Network (BN) model of network parameters, named IL2B. The trained BN represents the dependence relationship between network protocols parameters. Then a BN-based inference is used for cross-layer optimization in order to maximize the perceived network performance; and training the BN continues during the network life time. Experimental results show that Bayesian network approach works well to apply cognition in WSNs. KeywordsBayesian Networks, Cognitive Networks; Learning Automata; Inference; Wireless Sensor Network


A new photometric method for the determination of micro-amounts of Chromium(Ⅵ) is proposed based on the oxidation of naphthol blue black by Chromium(Ⅵ) in HCl medium.The optimal conditions were studied.The maximum absorption of naphthol blue black lies at 618 nm.Beer's law is observed,the linear regression equation isA618 = 0.008 82ρ(mg/L)+0.085 51,the related coefficient is 0.998 97 and the molar absorption coefficient is 3.7×104 L/(mol·cm).A decrease of absorbance of naphthol blue black resulted form its oxidation by Chromium(Ⅵ),and a linear relationship is established between the decrease of absorbance and Chromium(Ⅵ)concentration of 1—8 μg/10 mL.The proposed method has been applied to the determination of chromium in water samples with RSD less than 3.0%.


As readers of English Journal are well aware, our educational and other social systems are far from equitable. Susan L. Groenke et al. remind us in the January 2015 issue that these matters reach far beyond our classrooms; indeed, "certain social constructs of adolescence/ts get certain adolescents killed" (35). They write, "when all teenagers get to be teenagers, when we are willing to get to know Michael and Trayvon and Jordan in life, not just in death-maybe then we will know youth of color in all their humanity, as 'substance,' not 'shadows'" (39).1 At the heart of the work that we educators can do to be in solidarity with youth of color (and indeed, all youth) are the relationships that we form with them. As such, we use "adolescent scholars of color" to highlight Groenke et al.'s notion of "substance" and to affirm the literacies of these youth.Despite their centrality to our work, relationships are often overlooked as the contemporary reform movement frames education as cognitive research-driven "best practices" in content and skill delivery. A focus on relationships is of particular importance when teaching and learning with adolescent scholars of color, who are all-too-often minoritized through deficit orientations.2 As former English teachers in schools serving scholars of color and current teacher educators, we want to share concrete examples of learning projects that embrace strength-based models of literacy education with and for youth of color.In one of the two projects that we present here, an adolescent scholar was asked by one of his teachers why many of his peers were not engaging with school. James, who was 20 years old at the time of the study and is African American, responded: "they live where they live, and school is not where they live," a reply that can be read in two ways. In the first reading, which is perhaps the dominant perspective in educational research and practice, these young people and their community do not value school and choose to focus on other endeavors. This is the deficit orientation, which positions these young people and their community as lacking or unable to succeed in and through education. In the second reading, it is the processes and practices of formal education that do not engage the lived realities or experiences of marginalized young people. This reading, which we espouse, puts the onus on us as literacy educators to create learning projects that "live" in the multiple spaces where minoritized young people live, and to make connections between these lived realities and other literacies.Building relationships with any learner or community of learners requires that we educators reflect on our own social locations. Understanding the cultural narratives one is operating within is integral to creating relationships that move away from framings that position some learners as lacking in life experience or funds of knowledge. One of us, Noah, is a middle-class White male with associated privileges that distance his experiences and understandings from those of many young scholars of color. As a teacher of minoritized learners, it was (and is) important to engage in dialogue and learn from students' experiences and ways of seeing the world. The other of us, Erica, is a middle-class Black female with life experiences parallel to and different from the Black female youth participants in her research project. Erica saw her role as that of "muse," a term Amy M. Sullivan used to frame the relationship between an adult female mentor and her adolescent female mentees as that of a listener, advocate, consoler, teacher, and believer. For Erica, it was essential to engage in literacy projects alongside the girls to better understand herself and where she stood in relation to them. Through relationships, educators of all life experiences can take steps toward understanding and transforming social spaces, working to interrupt harmful practices and processes. Acknowledging differences in power and privilege, we worked with each group of adolescent scholars to create academic spaces where they could challenge dominant perceptions of who they are and can become through analysis of educational experiences and aspirations. …


Turbidity temperatures of ghee and vanaspati (in its context as an adulterant of ghee)
were determined in different pairs of solvents
and the turbidity temperature of vanaspati
was found to be unifonnly higher by 20° to 25°C.
This suggested the possibility of a method of
detection of vanaspati in ghee. Experiments
to test this possibility were carded out using
benzyl alcohol-glycerine as the solvent for fat.
The ratio of this solvent pair optimum for the
purpose in view and other procedural details
for a tentative method are given. Supporting
data to show that adulteration at the 20 per
cent level can be detected by the new methOd
are provided.
The turbidity temperature, as a characteristic of fat, Is recorded for some of the more
common edible fats. In so far as ghee is con·
cerned, there is a large variation in this temperature.
As reported ill the literature with
other solvent systems, turbidity telllperature
measured in benzyl alcohol-glycerine also is
lowered by free fatty acids and raised by moisture.
Elimination of one by extraction of the
test sample with. alkaline 70 per cent alcohol
and of the other by drying (final and necessary
step in the alcohol treatment) are referred to
in the method.


A reversible data hiding scheme, which can restore the original image completely after data extraction, is presented in this paper. In the proposed method, a cover image is reordered into a sequence using space filling curves. For each pixel (except the first pixel) in the sequence, a pixel difference is generated between the pixel and its neighbor pixel. Due to the inherent structure of images causes a correlation of adjacent pixels, by utilizing the space filling curve scanning we can improve the embedding capacity while keeping the distortion low. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides high embedding capacity while keeping the distortions low. Keywordslossless data hiding


Triaxial compression tests have been performed to determine the properties of the surrounding rock. The displacement and stress of surrounding rock have been analyzed according to Silin 2 at Yungui railway under three kinds of conditions: the initial state, excavation without supporting , and supporting after excavation.Plane strain FEM is established to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock. Contrasted the monitor measuring data,the results show that: the most unfavorable position in the tunnel is found at the ridge side of the arch; and the implementation of support to ensure the stability of surrounding rock, and the design of the early support approach to meet the safety requirements. The results have a certain significance for understanding the mechanical behavior of shallow tunnel in unsymmetrical strata


Based on the requirements in industry, there is a need to design a low-cost robotic platform which is to be operated remotely through the gripper and control data. This should facilitate in avoiding human involvement in continuous and heavy environments. Kinematic analysis is one of the most important tasks in design of a manipulator. It involves many tasks like mathematical modeling of the manipulator using forward or inverse kinematics. Forward kinematics involves defining the target point or reach point using the joint angles (if it is rotary joint) and coordinates of the joint if it is prismatic joint. Inverse kinematics involves finding out the different possible ways of the joints to reach the given target point. Hence inverse kinematics yields more than one solution for a given target position of an end effectors, thereby it becomes more tedious task to calculate all the possible solutions manually. In this paper Matlab software is used for solving the forward kinematic analysis to calculate the possible joint link parameters to reach the target point using generalized programming


Legal protection of intellectual work may have an important effect on standardiza? tion in industries, including computers and Software, where compatibility is valuable. Therefore, compatibility issues are important considerations in the choice of policy on the legal protection of intellectual works, both in the matter of how strong protection should be, and also in how it is achieved. This article surveys from an economist fs per? spective the costs and benefits of compatibility, the processes of standardization, and the effects of intellectual property protection on standardization. Focusing particularly on network effects, the article concludes that, CONTU's recommendation notwithstand? ing, copyright may be an inefficient way to protect computer software. The courts have not yet clearly determined whether, or to what extent, an owner of intellectual property may refuse to allow others to adopt features of his invention that are necessary to ensure compatibility. For instance, it is un? clear whether an inventor of a popular spreadsheet program can insist that oth? ers not use identical or similar commands. Can an inventor of a widely-used graphic interface recover damages from a later inventor who uses similar icons? Does or should a later inventor have a right to adopt such features to the extent that, although initially arbitrary, they have become a necessity for mar *Copyright 1989 Joseph Farrell (Associate Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. 94720, and National Fellow, Hoover Institution), I thank the Hoover Institution and the National Science Foundation (Grants IRI87-12238 and SES 88-21529) for financial support. I have drawn freely from my work with Garth Saloner and from work by Michael Katz and Carl Shapiro, on standardization issues. I thank Michael A. Jacobs, Michael Killen, Peter Menell, Garth Saloner, Pamela Samuelson, Suzanne Scotchmer and Carl Shapiro for helpful comments; they are not responsible for my views or for any errors. For more extended surveys of standardiza? tion issues, see, e.g., infra note 2 and David, Some New Standards for the Economics of Standard? izing, in Information Age, Economic Policy and Technical Performance (P. Dosgupta & P. Storeman eds. 1987). FALL 1989 35 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 05:42:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms ket acceptance? Is there a right to make one's product compatible with an? other's? I am an economist, not a lawyer, so in this article I will not cite precedent and dicta. Rather, I will argue that, from an economic or public-policy view? point, the question of compatibility raises difficult issues that are poorly treated in the traditional approach to intellectual property protection. I hope that these observations will be useful to those who must try to translate these and other considerations into legal argument and law. In particular, although I am no lawyer, I will argue that certain traditional features of copyright law make it plausible that using copyright to protect computer software may unduly harm the delicate processes by which compatibility is achieved. I. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF COMPATIBILITY Products are "compatible" in a broad sense if they work together easily. Standardization means making products similar enough to be compatible. For example, standardization of a stereo interface allows you to buy a stereo turnta? ble and an amplifier and be confident that they will work together. Standardiza? tion of railroad gauge allows trains to run nationwide. Standardization is lack? ing when the auto parts store must ask your car's model and year when you need a new headlight, or when we must learn another language to travel, or when businesses are locked into a single computer vendor because they have invested in software and data structure appropriate only to a particular architec? ture. Standardization of computer software facilitates the formation and use of computer networks, the transfer of files among users and across applications, and savings in training costs. Standards also have other, indirect, benefits. For instance, the more peo? ple use a given computer operating system, the more software is likely to be written for that system, and the more choice and competition those users will have available. In addition, entry, competition, and innovation may be easier if a competitor need only produce a single better component, which can then hook up to the market range of complementary components, than if each inno? vator must develop an entire "system." These and other benefits of standardization are often generically termed network externalities. The term comes from telecommunications, where being "on the network"?having a telephone?is more valuable the larger the net? work is. The same is also literally true in other cases, and metaphorically much more generally true. Standardization has costs as well as benefits. One cost is the potential loss of variety.1 Although standards may contain "options,'' (often so many that the 'Compatibility standardization, perhaps surprisingly, does not always reduce variety. In par? ticular, it may create opportunities to "mix-and-match," thus enhancing available variety. See Matutes and Regibeau, Mix and Match: Product Compatibility Without Network Externalities, 19 RandJ. Econ. 221 (1988). 36 30 JURIMETRICS JOURNAL This content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Sun, 26 Jun 2016 05:42:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms basic goal of interoperability is compromised), they inevitably constrain de? sign. And, of course, the demand for variety may constrain standardization: in local area networks (LANs), factory-LAN users need different features from office-LAN users, and compromise is difficult or impossible. A second, dynamic cost of standards is that, despite their advantages for innovation they can also retard innovation. Once standardization is achieved, it can be hard to break out of that standard and move to another, even if the origi? nal is no longer the most suitable. To illustrate the problems of such a switch, think of a generic Western movie. At sundown, the cowboys are in the middle of the desert, with no trees to tie the horses to. So does one of them stay up all night and hold the horses? No, they just tie the horses to one another, and go to sleep! The horses could go anywhere, but in the morning they have wandered only a few hundred feet. Why not five miles? Well, imagine yourself as an ad? venturous horse, tied to several others. When you want to explore, the others are eating or taking a nap, so you yank on the ropes and they say, in horse lan? guage, "Oh, you wanted to go somewhere? Wait a bit, and maybe I'll be ready to go soon." But by that time you are interested in this piece of cactus over there, and so as a group you never get far. Besides this problem in coordinating when to move, there is the problem of where to move: not all the horses have the same preferences between food, water, and a nice place to lie down. Simi? larly, it can be hard for users or vendors to coordinate a switch from an old standard to a new one, even if all would like to do so.2 Worse yet, some users may have invested a considerable amount in train? ing themselves to use the existing standard,3 or in organizing their files or even their business practices to conform to the exisiting standard. They will be reluctant to abandon that investment simply because other users think a switch would be desirable! So they dig in their heels, and refuse to budge. Then the new users must choose between the benefits of compatibility and the benefits of the new standard, and often compatibilty wins out?even when it should not.4 A classic example is the QWERTY typewriter keyboard,5 whose historical advantage was that it slowed typists down so that the hammers wouldn't stick when two keys were struck in too rapid succession. So, the most common let 2 See Farrell and Saloner, Competition, Compatibility, and Standards: The Economics of Horses, Penguins, & Lemmings, in Product Compatability as a Competitive Strategy (H. L. Gabel ed. 1987). 3For instance, one consultant estimates that training costs for a popular spreadsheet program are approximately one thousand dollars per user. See Wiegner and Heins, Can Las Vegas Sue At? lantic City?, Forbes, Mar. 6, 1989, at 130. 4This effect has been called "excess inertia." The opposite bias is also possible; this has been called' 'excess momentum'' by Farrell and Saloner, Installed Base and Compatibility: Innovation, Product Preannouncements, andPredation, 76 Am. Econ. Rev. 940 (1986), and (with more re? spect for physics) "insufficient friction" by Carl Shapiro, Patent Licensing and R&D Rivalry, 75 Am. Econ. Rev. 25 (1985). 5See David, Clio and the Economics of QWERTY, 75 Am. Econ. Rev. 332 (1985) for a history of this episode.


The Logos Christology of the Gospel of John becomes the core of Johannine theology. To understand the Johannine christology better the role of the Law...


A comparative study was made of 16 reagents for determining Be. The reagents 8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6disulfonic acid- (1 -azo-1) -2-hydroxy-4- diethylaminobenzene (Beryllon III) and benzene-2-arsonic acid-(1-azo-2)1- hydroxynaphthalene-6-iminodiacetic-2-sulfonic acid (Beryllon IV) are recommended as especially suitable for the photometric determination of Be. The synthesis of Beryllon III and Beryllon IV reagents is described. (auth)


With the growing availability of complete genome sequence data, the genome rearrangement problem has received a lot of attention in the field of computational biology. In this problem, a genome is modeled as a sequence of regions that are conserved within a genome group. The goal is to find a plausible evolution scenario for this genome group, considering the position and orientation of the conserved regions, building a phylogenetic tree using pairwise distance estimates, optionally also rebuilding the ancestral genomes. This methodology has shown encouraging results when applied to the phylogenetic inference of several species groups. In this article, we review the state-of-the-art and applications in this field.


The 2014 political crisis in Ukraine exposed a range of difficult problems which, in our opinion, should be dealt in the framework of modern criminology and, first of all, political criminology and its private scientific fields free of emotional political debates.


Variations in the tracheobronchial tree are commonly identifi ed during bronchoscopy. Several studies have showed that bronchial ramifi cation is a process programmed and genetically controlled; any disruption in the intrauterine development can generate a wide spectrum of bronchial variations. According with the best evidence available, bronchial modifi cations are different in type and frequency among geo- graphic areas, races and between members of the same ethnicity. There is scarce information about the topic in our country; based on this context, the main purpose is to communicate the frequencies of bronchial variations in a group of patients who were referred to a bronchoscopic study in the southeast of Mexico. The authors consider that the fi ndings enhance the discussion related with genetics in bronchial variations.


Abstract : This report represents the first in a series of reports analyzing minority officer accessions as related to the Naval Aviation Training Program. It involves a comparison of black students with white students in pilot training during calendar years 1973-1976, using such performance measures as Aviation Selection Tests, Peer Rating, Officer-Like-Quality grade, Environmental Indoctrination Final grade, Basic and Advanced Flight grades, Basic and Advanced Academic grades, and pass/attrite. (Author)


For a one-layered hard-limited perceptron, it is well known that if the training set given is not linearly separable in the state space, the machine just cannot learn no matter what learning method we use. This separability property is generally studied from a geometrical point of view. This paper reports the derivation of an algebraic criterion of the separability of a given mapping set. Then a one-step learning method is derived which will either instruct the machine to find the required weight matrix in one non-iterative step, or inform the teacher that the given mapping set is inseparable or not learnable no matter what learning rule is used. A parallelly cascaded two- layered perceptron is then derived which may surpass all these learning difficulties.


This paper describes the development of a multi-layer feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) to predict rigid heave body motions of a large catenary moored barge subjected to multi-directional irregular waves. The barge is idealized as a rigid plate of finite draft with planar dimensions 160m (length) and 100m (width) which is held on station using a six point chain catenary mooring in 50m water depth. Hydroelastic effects are neglected from the physical model as the chief intent of this study is focused on large plate rigid body hydrodynamics modelling using ANN. Even with this assumption, the computational requirements for time domain coupled hydrodynamic simulations of a moored floating body is considerably costly, particularly if a large number of simulations are required such as in the case of response based design (RBD) methods. As an alternative to time consuming numerical hydrodynamics, a regression-type ANN model has been developed for efficient prediction of the barge's heave responses to random waves from various directions. It was determined that a network comprising of 3 input features, 2 hidden layers with 5 neurons each and 1 output was sufficient to produce acceptable predictions within 0.02 mean squared error. By benchmarking results from the ANN with those generated by a fully coupled dynamic model in OrcaFlex, it is demonstrated that the ANN is capable of predicting the barge's heave responses with acceptable accuracy.This paper describes the development of a multi-layer feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) to predict rigid heave body motions of a large catenary moored barge subjected to multi-directional irregular waves. The barge is idealized as a rigid plate of finite draft with planar dimensions 160m (length) and 100m (width) which is held on station using a six point chain catenary mooring in 50m water depth. Hydroelastic effects are neglected from the physical model as the chief intent of this study is focused on large plate rigid body hydrodynamics modelling using ANN. Even with this assumption, the computational requirements for time domain coupled hydrodynamic simulations of a moored floating body is considerably costly, particularly if a large number of simulations are required such as in the case of response based design (RBD) methods. As an alternative to time consuming numerical hydrodynamics, a regression-type ANN model has been developed for efficient prediction of the barge's heave responses to ...


A systematic development of higher order spectral analysis, introduced by Dellwo and Friedman, is undertaken in the framework of an appropriate product space. Accelerated analogues of Osborn's results about spectral approximation are presented. Numerical examples are given by considering an integral operator.


In this paper we propose a new algorithm for selective relay strategies with Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relays which improves the relay network lifetime. The lifetime of the relay network is defined as the maximum number of messages which can be received with the desired SNR at the destination while the system Probability of Outage (P-outage) requirement is satisfied. The improvement in lifetime increases with the number of relays. When the number of relays is small, the method improves the lifetime under the condition of high initial relay energy levels. The proposed algorithm can be implemented in conjunction with previously proposed energy greedy relay selection strategies such as Minimum Power Transmission (MPT), Maximum Residual Energy (MRE), Minimum Energy Index (MEI), and Maximum Outage Probability (MOP).


Face detection is one of the important early stages of face recognition systems for biometric identification. Face detection can also be used for searching or indexing data from the face or video images that contain faces with different sizes, positions, and background. In this thesis is to develop the face detection system that has been done by other researchers by using the network training data that overlook to various direction of observation view point(multiple directions) as well as improving the quality of the images for training, and to add the user interface display of face detection system with the stages to improve image quality, the preprocessing and the conversion of a programming language for this face detection application into a Visual Basic language. This face detection system use multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network with backpropagation training algorithm, so that it is obtained the face detection results from various direction. This face detection system obtains its ability detection by learning the example being entered into the system (learning by example).


A new pyridine-substituted dithiolene complex, PPh4[Au(4-pdddt)2] (3), was prepared and characterised. Cyclic voltammetry shows three redox processes corresponding to the interconversion between dianionic, monoanionic, neutral and cationic states, as often presented by this type of bis(dithiolene) complexes. However, the last oxidation process in this compound leads to a polymerised species obtained as an electrodeposited film. By potentiostatic electrodeposition, thin films of either the neutral gold complex, [Au(4-pdddt)2] (4), or the polymerised cationic species can be obtained. Both films absorb strongly in the NIR region and have properties consistent with the incorporation of the intact metal bis(dithiolene) complex. A mechanism for polymerisation through formation of S–S interligand bonds is proposed.


A 40‐mJ ArF* laser with pulse duration ∼10 ps and spatial and spectral properties close to the transform limits is described. Substantial extraction of the available energy from the final amplifier is demonstrated, a fact providing direct evidence against the presence of significant nonlinear losses in the amplifying medium up to an intensity of ∼1 GW/cm.2


This paper addresses a biomedical application of customized signal processing using the ultra-wideband impulse (IR-UWB) radar which realizes the noncontact heartbeat and respiration rate detection. Microwave radar technology offers a noncontact, quick cardiopulmonary monitoring technique and has potential for biomedical applications. We studied the effect of suppression to remove the stationary background clutter, and separated the respiratory signal with weak heartbeat signal using the high order band pass filters. The experimental results have shown the accuracy and robustness of our system in respiration and heartbeat detection with noncontact distances from 0.2 m to 1.0 m.


The purpose of this research is to find out how to resolve corruption on the basis of the value of state loss with an economic approach to the law. This research is normative juridical research with a statute approach, comparative approach, case approach and conceptual approach. This research shows research on the philosophy of eradicating corruption, restoring state losses, and high efficiency in order to realize economic growth and national development through an economic analysis approach to the application of its law. The results showed that the PTPK Law was made for economic stability, therefore, solving the problem of corruption cannot be separated from the consideration of the country's economy, and the costs that pose a relative risk to state expenditure affecting the country's economy. The juridical reality, the regulation of additional criminal charges, namely the penalty of paying as much as the amount of corrupt compensation as stated in Article 18 paragraph 1 letter (b) of the PTPK Law, if it is related to empirical facts about the imbalance between costs and the recovered economic value, is the reality is that the series of state expenses have increased. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SSBFNET, Istanbul, Turkey. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the performance of employees of the public works and spatial planning office of Padang city. Sample selection was done by purposive sampling with a total sample of 98 employees. The data analysis method used in this study is path analysis method, classic assumption test and hypothesis test. Testing in this study was carried out using the SPSS 21 computer program. The variables in this study consisted of additional variables of employee income, work environment, work motivation and employee performance. Testing the first hypothesis shows the results that additional employee income has a positive and significant influence on work motivation, testing the second hypothesis shows the results of the work environment have a positive and significant effect on work motivation, testing the third hypothesis shows that the additional employee income has no significant effect on employee performance, testing the fourth hypothesis shows that the work environment has an influence and is not significant on employee performance, testing the fifth hypothesis shows that work motivation has an influence and is significant on employee performance, the sixth hypothesis testing shows that the additional income of the employee has a significant effect on work motivation and has no impact on employee performance, testing the seventh hypothesis shows that the work environment has a significant and significant influence on work motivation and does not affect employee performance. Finally, the authors suggest the next researcher to further expand the scope of the sample and add variables or other factors that can affect employee performance.


This paper researches a systematic summary of a variety of satellite electromagnetic compatibility prediction methods. Combining with some satellite engineering practice, the experimental results and the analysis results are in good agreement. It proves the correctness and effectiveness of the prediction method of electromagnetic compatibility of satellite antennas, and provides the ideas and guidance role for the satellite antenna analysis and design of electromagnetic compatibility.


Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing are geospatial technologies that have been used for decades in environmental science, including the collection and analysis of data on the physical disabilities of animals, and modelling of wilderness and site assessment. In this study, remote sensing technology was used. GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods were used to assess the habitat index of Asian elephants. Use of satellite imagery and topographic maps to create environments and habitats, including land use cover (LULC), vegetation (NDVI), water, and elevation models (DEM). Next comes the use of AHP to determine the location, select the location's priority and distribution pattern. This study used to evaluate Asian elephant habitat preference in the Central Western Ghats region of Alur taluk in Hassan district of Karnataka .The results show that 30 percent of the land is covered with forests and 59 percent of the land with population. Most places have an altitude of 8° to 25° and an altitude of 900 m and 1000 m. The amount of water in the region is not limited to the habitat of the elephants. Habitats inhabited by elephants highlight the need for good management inside and outside protected areas to protect these elephants, especially in areas of translocation, to ensure that habitats are compatible. This information will assist those involved in protecting Asian elephants and their environment in the central Western Ghats region.


Summary Phylogenetic analysis combined with chemical ecology can contribute to the delimitation of closely related insect species, particularly in Lepidoptera. In this study, the taxonomic status of a species in the genus Busseola (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was discussed using morphological data, cross-mating experiments, sex pheromone chemistry, field-trapping, and molecular classification. The results of the chemical ecology experiments corroborated those from the phylogeny studies. It was concluded that several reproductive isolation components, namely host plants, geography, pheromone emission time, pheromone blend, and post-zygotic isolation factors, led to the separation of Busseola n. sp. from its closely related species B. segeta. Molecular data showed a strong difference between these two species, regardless of the marker used. The new species named Busseola nairobica was morphologically described and a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of the studied species was put forward.


Prelipolized milk lipids are interesting flavouring ingredients and Mucor miehei
enzymatic preparation is frequently used as lipolyzing agent. This study aimed at
determining whether technological treatments such as high pressure homogenization
and heat treatment of milk emulsion might affect their susceptibility to lipolysis. Indeed,
such treatments modify quantitatively (increase in lipid specific surface) but also
qualitatively (protein interfacial composition and conformation) the emulsion interface. If
it is well known that an increase in lipid specific surface induces an increase in the
kinetics of lipolysis of the milk emulsion, the effect of qualitative variations of interfacial
composition (load of amphiphiles such as casein micelles or whey proteins, state of
aggregation of these amphiphiles) on the kinetics of lipolysis remains to be elucidated.
To reach this aim, 5% (wt/wt) anhydrous milk fat oil-in-water model emulsions stabilized with 3.5% (wt/wt) milk proteins were elaborated. 3 types of milk protein blends were selected. They differed by their native phophocaseinate (PPCN)/whey protein (WPI) weight ratios: 0:100, 80:20, 100:0. The PPCN/WPI 80:20 wt/wt stabilized emulsions were subjected to a heat treatment (72°C, 2 min) and compared with a similarly
standardized (5 % fat, 3.5 % protein) milk emulsion. The model and milk emulsions all presented the same lipid specific surface and their granulometric stability was monitored. The emulsions were hydrolyzed by a Mucor miehei lipase preparation (30°C,pH 7.0) and the evolution of lipid hydrolysis was measured by pH-stat. Our results indicated that: i) the WPI stabilized emulsions presented a longer initial lag phase as compared to other model emulsions (PPCN, unheated PPCN/WPI 80:20 or heated PPCN/WPI 80:20) or milk emulsion; ii) after this initial lag phase, the rates of lipid hydrolysis did not differ greatly between PPCN and WPI-stabilized emulsions, but it did differ between heated emulsions as compared to unheated emulsions. This study
showed that the level of denaturation of proteins at the interface of milk emulsions is a predominant parameter to control their lipolysis as compared to the nature of the protein present at the interface. And yet this parameter is a less effective lever than the quantity of interface available for lipase adsorption.


In this paper, the insertion loss of a cavity-backed semi-cylindrical enclosure panel is studied theoretically and experimentally. The classical approach based on Narayanan [1] and Lee [2] is employed to the semi-cylindrical enclosure modelling. The theoretical model considers the three-dimensional acoustic modes of the semi-cylindrical cavity and the noise source vibration mode shape. The experimental result agrees reasonably with the theoretical prediction. It is found that the higher structural resonance in the semi-cylindrical can significantly deteriorate the insertion loss performance while only the (1,1) mode structural resonance in the rectangular models is the important one. The noise source panel vibrating in the (3,1) mode shape induces higher air pressure on the semi-cylindrical panel through the air cavity than the (1,1) mode shape.


The advantages of wide-range (IR THz) identification of objects in smoke, dust curtains and fog are considered. It is shown that the identification of objects in these conditions is provided by using extended (IR THz) range. The results of the object location in the THz range, giving information about the ESR of the object, and the results of the location in the IR range are presented. Comparison of the attenuation of the IR and THz signal in the conditions of smoke, dust curtains and fog indicate the need to combine these ranges to solve the problems of locating objects in conditions of real interference arising in combat, antiterrorist operations and in emergency.


The purpose of this study was to describe the professional ethics of counselors in virtual counseling guidance services. The method used in this research is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data sources come from document studies in the form of books and previous research from various references. Furthermore, the data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that online counseling takes the form of virtual counseling technology, namely, websites, telephone or cell phones, email, video conferencing, chat, instant messaging, computers, and other social networks. The ethical aspects that must be obeyed by online counselors are building good relationships on the Internet, confidentiality when conducting consultations, legal aspects of telecommunications via the Internet, and licensing. Therefore, online counselors need to be professional in conducting virtual counseling by considering ethics.


The invention discloses a door control system. The control system comprises a signal acquisition unit, a signal identification unit and an external equipment unit. The invention also discloses a control method for controlling the door control system. The control method comprises the following steps that in the step 1, the signal acquisition unit respectively acquires a user hand gesture image and a voice command and transmits the user hand gesture image and the voice command to the signal identification unit, and the signal identification unit carries out hand gesture identification and voice identification on the acquired user hand gesture image and voice command; in the step 2, a starter controls start or shutdown of a camera according to a voice identification result of the voice command, which is identified by the signal identification unit; in the step 3, a controller controls opening and closing of a door according to a hand gesture identification result of the hand gesture image, which is identified by the signal identification unit. The door control system and the control method have the advantages of convenience for use, reliability, safety and the like.


The prediction of the sound pressure field at the surface of a cylinder is of interest in many fields of acoustics, especially for investigating the acoustic loads induced on the payload fairing during launch of a space vehicle. For the launch environment of a space vehicle, the source position and strength determine the external sound pressure excitations on the vehicle. Unfortunately, existing analytical derivations for the acoustic field around a cylindrical geometry are not able to consider the source position, and the source is typically assumed to be at an infinite distance from the cylinder. There is also no scope in these theories to consider the decay of the source strength due to wave propagation. Therefore, effort has been spent here to modify the existing theories to make them applicable to a finite distance between the source and the cylinder and to allow for the decay of the source strength due to wave propagation. The theory has been used to check the accuracy of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for calculating acoustic loading at the surface of a cylinder. In addition, the analytical and numerical models have been verified experimentally with measurements of sound pressure patterns at the surface of a cylinder at various frequencies due to a point source positioned at a finite distance from the cylinder surface.


The genus Pouteria is the most common natural fruit tree in Goias (Brazil) savanna and it is spread over all tropical and subtropical regions. Pouteria ramiflora is the most common and P. gardneriana often occurs in wet soil, always gathered between "cerrado" and "veredas" (another typical vegetation). Among 25 sampled towns, nine registered both Pouteria species , which fruits are very susceptible to the fruit flies. The majority of flies belonged to Anastrepha genus (99.82%) and only some to Ceratitis capitata (0.18%). From P. gardneriana it was collected Anastrepha bistrigata , A. fraterculus , A. Ieptozona , A. serpentina , A. zenildae A. zernyi and C. capitata . From P. ramiflora it was obtained A. fraterculus , A. leptozona , A. serpentina and A. zernyi. From larvae/puparia of Anastrepha , parasitoids were reared belonging to family Braconidae (97.70%) and Eucoilidae (2.30%). Doryctobracon areolatus and Doryctobracon sp. (probably new species) are the most common parasitoid species sampled. The fruit fly infestation indexes were 85.92 and 196.31 puparia/kg of fruit in P. gardneriana and P. ramiflora , respectively. So, these two Pouteria species may be considered natural fruit fly repositories in Goias State (Brazil), mainly for Anastrepha. This is the first report of P. gardneriana and P. ramiflora as host of fruit flies. It is also the first record of A. leptozona, A. serpentina , A. zenildae and A. zernyi in the state of Goias as well as the first record of braconid parasitoids obtained from puparia of Anastrepha in P. gardneriana and P. ramiflora. KEY-WORDS: Insecta ; Sapotaceae ; host plants; fruit flies; parasitoids.


Two‐color resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is used to study rotational autoionization of molecular hydrogen and nitric oxide. In contrast to conventional, single‐photon techniques, the REMPI technique can be used to study autoionizing levels of H2 that can decay only through very weak interactions such as p‐f mixing and singlet‐triplet mixing. In addition, rotational autoionization that occurs with that change in rotational quantum number greater than 2 can also be examined (i.e., ΔN+≳2). In homonuclear molecules, symmetry considerations require that ΔN+ be even; in heteronuclear molecules, ΔN+ may be even or odd. It is found, however, that NO is in some sense quasi‐homonuclear, and that processes with ΔN+ = even appear to be more efficient than processes with ΔN+ = odd.


The purposes f thi tudy wa to a ses and understand the magnitude and level of attitude and practice t wards multicultural education by teachers and students in some selected private high r education institutions in Addis Ababa. Moreover it was conducted in order \0 understand the difference among teachers as well as among students on the Ie cI of att itude and practice they have. This research has also attempted to ee th presence of gender difference among teachers and also among students on their attitude and practice towards multicu ltural education. In this study a total of 298 teachers and students were taken as a sample. From this sample 58 of them were teachers and 240 were students. For a better understanding of the situation a mixed re earch method was employed with an emphasis on tr iangulation design. Questionnaire, FGD and observation were used as method of data collection. The mean va lue freq uency, percentiles and expected mean were used for analyzing the quantitative data while the qualitative data were thematically organized, categorized and examined to understand the emerging patterns of responses. Finally the results of this study sho\\ ed that the majority of teachers and students were found as having a good level of positive attitude and a higher level of practice which is advocated by the goals and philosophies of multicultural education. However from both, teachers and students proportions that cannot be taken as insign ifi cant have been found to have a negative inclination and a lower practi;e ·.~(~l~nj~pts. ' tfiat 'are' I'romoted · 9Y ••••• . : .. :: :: :. .... . ... :.. .. ... . .. multicultural education. Therefore, fo r enab~n~ rb.e· i~rt~t~~:k) b<!·be~feil-.ffOOl.· : •• : • . ... . . ... . : : ... : : . multicultural in this tudy it is recommendr:d th~ ttl e: lIast&u"te; , f~ach·~IOS .and $tudents • should prepare themselves to know, unde~tan~ '~;d: ~~~Jile'~'cD1:;~Dl~,: lJeaJ anJ : : : ... : .. ! .. : : .. : : ..... . Programs of multicultural education. '" : : •• ' : '.: '" ::. ". .. . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


Danfeng area is an important pegmatite-type uranium production area in China,Guangshigou deposit is one of the biggest and the most important uranium deposit in this areas,Damaogou granite stock has a very close relationship with Guangshigou uranium deposit.Therefore the accurate formation dating and its evolution history of this stock is crucial for understanding the mineralization of this district.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon has been applied and yield the formation age of 418.3±8.8Ma of Damaogou stock,which is corresponding to the uranium mineralization age in Guangshigou deposit.The age of 1980.5±19.47 Ma revealed by residual zircon might infer that Damaogou stock was derived from Qinling group,while the age of 465Ma for the inner core of zircon grain E might represent the formation age of Huichizi gneissoid monzonitic granite.There was 30Ma time gap between the formation of Huichizi pluton and Damaogou stock.


The Sumatra Tsunami crossed the Indian Ocean on 26th of December 2004 and damaged more than 90,000 houses in Sri Lanka. Following the tsunami, the Government decided to provide three types of houses for the victims (temporary shelters, transitional houses, and permanent houses) according to the stage of reconstruction. Most permanent houses were donated by non-government organizations on the sites supplied by the Government. However, there are regional differences among the affected areas. We conducted a field survey and interviews in the damaged area in November 2005 and March 2006 in the period when the permanent houses were under construction. This paper describes the reconstruction status, regional differences, and problems with regards to the reconstruction process in Sri Lanka.


CASE DESCRIPTION
A 7-year-old gray Mustang gelding weighing 454 kg was presented for evaluation of a brown mass within the left eye (OS) of 1 year's duration with recent enlargement.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
A nonpainful, 8 mm diameter, brown, vascularized mass was identified in the anterior chamber of the OS. Ocular B-scan ultrasound confirmed iris involvement and corneal endothelial contact. Histopathology confirmed the presumptive diagnosis of a uveal melanocytic neoplasm, and revealed 1-3 mitotic figures per high power (400x) field.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
The mass was removed via sector iridectomy without complications, but without complete margins. Three cutaneous melanocytomas noted 1.5 months postoperatively were completely excised. No tumor regrowth was noted 15 months postoperatively, supporting a diagnosis of melanocytoma for the iridal mass.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Sector iridectomy is a reasonable treatment option for uncomplicated iridal melanocytomas in horses. Mitotic index and presence of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms may be irrelevant to the prognosis of equine iridal melanocytic neoplasms.


Failure analysis of field failed stepper motors of optical disk drive (ODD) reveal that the failure mechanism and failure site of the stepper motor is wear of the plastic bearing cup that supports the stepper motor worm shaft. In an ODD this worm shaft moves the sled carrying the optical head, thus generating both axial and lateral loads as well as circumferential sliding friction forces on the bearing cup. The wear rate is dependent on the total load on the bearing. Archard's wear model, a well known model for fretting wear, has been employed in this study to simultaneously predict the instantaneous wear rate, cumulative worn out volume and wear out depth throughout the life of bearing. An incremental format of Archard's model has been developed because the contact area and contact forces are continuously varying in the bearing cup. Tests were designed and implemented to study the wear rate of the bearing cups. The test results are used to identify the wear model constant of the bearing. The wear model can be used to estimate the life of the stepper motor inside optical disk drives (ODDs) for reliable performance under a given life cycle history, and also to facilitate redesign for improved reliability.


Background: The incidence rates of lip and oral cancer have continued to increase, and prognosis is associated with a country's socioeconomic status. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) is a reasonable indicator of disparities in cancer screening and treatment. In this study, we aimed to understand the association between economic status and cancer prognosis. Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The MIRs were compared to evaluate the correlation with the human development index (HDI), the current health expenditure (CHE), and the ratio of CHE over gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) disparities via Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that Asia had the most cases and deaths. In addition, they showed a significant association (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, and p < 0.001, respectively) of the crude rate (CR) of incidence with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP. However, their associations with mortality rate (p = 0.303, p = 0.997, and p = 0.101) were not significant. Regarding the correlation of the MIRs, the results revealed a significant association with the HDI, the CHE, and the CHE/GDP (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Countries with higher HDI, CHE per capita, and CHE/GDP tend to have lower MIRs, which indicates favorable clinical outcomes.


Although the counseling profession has grown rapidly in South Korea during the past 10 years, very little literature exists on counselors and psychotherapists. Much of this absence is due to the relative youth of the profession in South Korea, as well as a general lack of available empirical data. This article aims to provide international audiences with insights into the counseling practices in South Korea through a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 12 leading counselors. One reason for looking at counselors in South Korea is to examine the role of culture regarding counseling practices. More and more, counselors and therapists are practicing in diverse social and cultural environments (Orlinsky & Ronnestad, 2005). Researchers are paying attention to the effects of counseling values and the use of the Western model of counseling and therapy with regard to accessibility, suitability, and efficacy in different parts of the world (Draguns, 2004; P. W. L. Leung & Lee, 1996). According to Cheoung (2000), counselors who practice in different parts of the world are faced with many challenges and are in the process of establishing their professional roles and boundaries in the field. In the case of Israel, Barak and Golan (2000) found that there was considerable conflict among the different professionals in the field. Because of the strong resistance of clinical psychologists, counselors in Israel are struggling to establish their role. However, the authors are optimistic that given Israel's unique counseling-related issues, such as security threats and religious strife, there are ample opportunities for the profession to become established. In China, S. A. Leung, Guo, and Lam (2000) reported that counseling and psychotherapy have made steady progress but are not yet established as a mature discipline. They pointed out that many Chinese counselors offer a range of counseling services, but most of these individuals are not formally trained, and there are no established requirements in China for an individual to become a counselor. Traditionally, Koreans relied on a mix of shamanistic rituals and Oriental medicine when treating psychological disorders (Colegrave, 1980; Kendall, 1985). Today, many Koreans rely on these traditional methods, which creates conflict between mental healers and professional counselors who have been trained in Western modes of therapy. The ideal position for counselors in these situations is to create an atmosphere wherein trusted traditional values can be incorporated into the Western methods of counseling. The concept of Western psychotherapy was introduced into Korea as early as the 1930s (Rhi, 1985), but it was only in the 1950s after the Korean War (1950-1953) that clinicians actually began to practice psychotherapy. In the mid-1960s, several Korean psychiatrists completed psychoanalytically oriented training, mainly in Germany, Japan, and the United States. This group of pioneers returned to South Korea to become leading practitioners. In the 1970s and 1980s, several professional psychotherapy organizations were established. The current field of counseling and psychotherapy in South Korea consists of five main types of professionals: psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, counselors, social workers, and lay practitioners. Among these practitioners, psychiatrists have the most political power and professional jurisdiction (Abbott, 1988). Until 1996, psychiatrists were the only mental health professionals who were allowed legally to practice therapy in South Korea (Kang, 2002). Clinical psychologists practice primarily in hospital settings, although some have begun working in small private clinics treating patients and supervising other psychotherapists (Joo, 1996). More recently, professionals with backgrounds in family studies and social work have also begun to practice counseling and psychotherapy. Finally, new groups of lay practitioners have emerged, most notably in religious fields; those individuals have been trained in workshops or short-term counseling programs. …


Soft ground formation with high clayey soil and low surface layer soil quality is treated by gravel pile and dynamic compaction.According to static load test of pile and dynamic penetration test,the results,show treatment of settlement and bearing capacity of foundation soil is in the range of design.Gravel pile and dynamic compaction is economic and effective.


The missions of small flying wing UAVs require maneuver capabilities as well as optimal flight performance to balance the low operating and manufacturing costs. The basic principles in designing aviation structures must be readjusted due to the innovative concepts regarding the use of advanced materials as well as to the perspectives of using alternative energy aboard UAVs. The current paper is a synthesis of the 2D and 3D aerodynamic analysis of small swept flying wing UAVs that offers a global image of the possibilities of a multidimension optimization (miniaturization-scalability, payload-flexibility, minimum performances requirements).


Acanthamebic meningoencephalitis in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis is reported. The HIV-negative 60-year-old male with 2.5 years history of diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver cirrhosis complained of progressive left hemiparesis and consciousness disturbance. Brain biopsy disclosed perivascular proliferation of macrophage-like amebic organisms and thick walled cysts, in association with mild gliosis and active inflammatory cellular reaction. The indirect immunoperoxidase staining using the patient's own diluted serum clearly demonstrated the protozoan organisms in paraffin sections. Furthermore, mouse antisera to Acanthamoeba culbertsoni gave a positive immunohistochemical reaction, while mouse antisera to A. polyphaga and Entamoeba histolytica and monoclonal antibodies to A. castellani and E. histolytica did not. Serum antibody titration exhibited an elevated level against A. culbertsoni. The infectious agent was thus confirmed to be A. culbertsoni. The patient died on the 53rd hospitalized day. The autopsy disclosed respirator-induced massive swelling and hemorrhage in the brain and spinal cord. No acanthamebic lesions were detected in the extracerebral organs. The presence of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis was confirmed histologically. An opportunistic infection caused by Acanthamoebae is discussed.


Whichever way you look at it, cassava is important for the future of Africa. Whether from the perspective of tackling hunger in a world of uncertain climate conditions, as a source of food security when other crops fail, as a means to create a cash income through processing and sales, as a driver of local agro-industry, as a way of reducing the cost burden of imports through substitution and/or biofuel production, or, for many hopeful politicians, as a future export crop with comparative advantage. The FAO says that the world produced 277 million tonnes of cassava in 2013, of which 158 million tonnes came from Africa (57 per cent) and 54 million tonnes from one country, Nigeria (19.5 per cent). None of this African production is traded; all is consumed domestically. How much is lost post harvest: we only have a vague idea. What we do know is that yields are very low by international standards. On a recent mission to Nigeria I listened to a group of experts agree a target yield of 12 tonnes a hectare; a lo...


The paper presents results of demand research for "park and ride" parking lots in the city of Kharkiv. The analysis of the previous research pertaining to demand for "park and ride" parking lots has been carried out in the paper. Disadvantages of the existing methods have been identified as well. A methodology in research on demand for "park and ride" demand for "park and ride" parking lots in the city of Kharkiv according to various characteristics. Distribution of traffic Адрес для переписки Лобашов Алексей Олегович Харьковский национальный университет городского хозяйства имени А. Н. Бекетова ул. Маршала Бажанова, 17, 61002, г. Харьков, Украина Тел.: +38 050 323-69-27 email@example.com Address for correspondence Lobashov Alexey O. O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy 17 Marshala Bazhanova str., 61002, Kharkiv, Ukraine Tel.: +38 050 323-69-27 email@example.com Mechanical Engineering 43 Наука и техника. Т. 17, No 1 (2018) Science and Technique. V. 17, No 1 (2018) parking lots in the city of Kharkiv has been developed and it is based on modelling of transportation correspondence distribution on traffic networks and a questionnaire survey of car drivers. The obtained data have made it possible to segment the demand for drivers representing suburban areas according to frequency of visits to the city by private cars has been determined in the paper. Drivers' satisfaction with their efficient movement through the city has been assessed in the paper. Segmentation of traffic demand in the places of possible locations for "park and ride" parking lots has been made according to urban transportation distance and on the basis of modelling distribution of transport correspondences. Quantity demanded for "park and ride" parking lots in the Kharkiv city in dependence to conditions for services has been calculated according to a questionnaire survey of car drivers. It has been established that conditions for parking services significantly determine the demand for "park and ride" parking lots. Analysis of segmentation results concerning the demand for "park and ride" parking lots has shown that under current condions demand for this type of parkings in Kharkiv is at rather low level and they are practically absent in case of 5 km urban transportation distance. Parameters demonstrating dependence of demand for "park and ride" parking lots on transportation distance through the city have beendetermined in the paper. The obtained results of the research are considered as initial data to study demand for "park and ride" parking lots.


Energy has increasingly become the material basis for the development of human society and occupies a strategic position in the national economy. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are widely recognized as promising...


147 college students completed questionnaires which assessed their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of seeking professional psychological help for a depressed condition. They were also asked to indicate those groups or individuals they felt would approve and those who would disapprove of seeking such help. Results indicate that expenditures of time and money were perceived as most disadvantageous, followed by both stigma and the necessity of confronting painful issues. Most frequently cited advantages were problem resolution and understanding the causes of the depression. Most students saw family and friends as approving of help-seeking behavior while acquaintances were perceived as disapproving. Responses of students who have sought help in the past are compared to responses of students who have never sought help. These attitudes and beliefs are discussed in terms of their value as gauges of the needs and expectations of present and potential mental health consumers.


The present invention discloses a gas measuring method for measuring permeability core, comprising the steps of: input core diameter and length value computing chip; The core was placed in a rubber sleeve, the confining pressure is applied by a small hand pump; push the piston lumen to the minimum nominal position, the vent valve closed; piston speed is set, the opening piston driving means, to stop working when the maximum nominal position of the piston moves the lumen, computer chips calculating the superficial gas permeability core, the core further calculates measured gas permeability, completion of the first measurement; open the vent valve, the pressure balance lumen, vent valve was closed, repeating the above steps, the piston is moved to the minimum nominal position lumen, a second measurement; computing chip value calculating two measurements the average value, measured air permeability is final core. Measurement methods of the invention may be measured twice during reciprocation of the piston core gas permeability measurements, the measurement of high efficiency, high speed, for rapid evaluation of rock samples collected in the field is important.


It's been said, when unaddressed, little troubles can escalate into big ones. Little indulgences too easily blossom into bad habits. Not to be outdone, bad habits that go unchecked can migrate to an addiction. This life-threatening conundrum has special meaning within the tableau of contemporary culture. I'm speaking, of course, about America's addiction to media violence. A good place to start, awareness of the scale of this lethal problem goes back to a report published in 1999 by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, titled, "Children, Violence, and the Media: A Report to Parents and Policy Makers."1 In it, the Committee starts with a clear picture of how prominent media's become in our daily existence:


The present invention provides a suitable high resistance, high toughness, high corrosion resistance and a manufacturing method for producing an aluminum alloy casting the housing for the motor. The aluminum alloy casting has a composition comprising: Si: 11.0 ~ 13.0 mass%, Fe: 0.2 ~ 1.0 mass%, Mn: 0.2 ~ 2.2 mass%, Mg: 0.7 ~ 1.3 mass%, Cr: 0.5 ~ 1.3 mass% and ti: 0.1 ~ 0.5 mass%, with the balance comprising Al and unavoidable impurities, the content of Cu as an unavoidable impurity is limited to 0.2 mass% or less. According to circumstances, a solution treatment after casting, artificial aging heat treatment and the like.


This paper analyzes some factors restricting the sustainable development of China's libraries, and advances some countermeasures and suggestions on implementing the sustainable development strategy by China's libraries in the 21st century.


This work focuses on the input-to-state stability (ISS) of digital filters with disturbances and time-varying delay in the presence of generalized overflow arithmetic. First, an extra-freedom-based lemma is derived to consider the information about the overflow arithmetic connecting the digital filter's state. Then, a novel delay-dependent ISS criterion of the digital filter is established based on the given lemma, which has less conservatism than the criterion described in the existing results. At last, the feasibility and advantages of the presented ISS analysis methods are demonstrated using a numerical simulation.


Trying to trace a continuous link in time and space, and from a qualitative ethnographic and multi-sited approach to housing and racialised poverty, we analyse the narratives of fifteen Romanian Ro ...


In the present paper, to observe the erosion process on the slope surface consists of weathered soil which is easily erodible and scour by rainfall, and a hardening agent reinforced weathered soil, made a rainfall simulator, and performed a series of model tests using the simulator. According with the model tests, the amount of eroded soil from the slope caused by rainfall was inversely proportional to the increase in soil strength, and the erosion amount ratio of the hardening agent reinforced weathered soil and without soil was approximately 1:5. Rill erosion was appeared on weathered soil when rainfall amount was approximately 45㎜, however the reinforced weathered soil was not shown any rill erosion even if approximately 330㎜ rain has fallen on the slope.


Copyright © 2023 The Korean Society of Radiology Take-home points • There are emerging opportunities in the early detection of Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with improved outcomes in certain highrisk individuals using imaging surveillance with MRI/endoscopic ultrasound. Still, there remains a challenge regarding the feasibility of PDAC screening in general population where most PDACs occur. • Surveillance with MRI is widely performed for patients with branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) although present imaging strategies may not be cost-effective. Further studies are needed to define a group that would benefit from a more intensive surveillance and another group that would not need surveillance by combining imaging and clinical/genetic features. • Early-stage PDAC can be subtle on imaging, obscured by coexistent entities such as chronic pancreatitis or IPMNs. Focal pancreatitis can be misdiagnosed as PDAC. Therefore, screening for PDACs should be ideally performed in centers with high-volume pancreatic MRI and imaging expertise.