The importance of cation exchange capacity (CEC) for knowing the amount of nutrients the soil can retain for plant utilization when fertilizers are applied cannot be over-emphasised. This study was carried out to find out the effect of the fertilizer types: N-P- K 15:15:15, urea and air dried poultry droppings (PDs) by three different application methods and their effects on the CEC of soil and growth yield of maize. The experiment was in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments including control using the three different application methods. Soil samples were collected before planting at two different soil depth levels. The fertilizers were applied using the three fertilizer treatment application methods 2 weeks after planting with a control that received no treatment application. The same procedure was used for soil samples collected after harvest to determine the effects of fertilizer treatments and application methods on the soil of the study area. Growth and yield parameters were also determined for the grown maize. The soil chemical analysis results showed that the CEC (cmol/kg) of the soil was generally (1.75) before planting and after harvest that of PDs (9.95) by broadcasting method and control (9.60) which were significantly higher than those of N-P- K (7.94) and urea (6.84) by broadcasting method at 5% level of probability. Results obtained show that the PDs had the highest effect on the CEC of the soil but urea gave the best result in terms of crop yields. Keywords: Cation exchange capacity, Fertilizer treatment, Urea, Poultry droppings, Zea mays


The gay experience is underrepresented in the research on migration and integration. Accordingly, the integration discourse considers mainly the heterosexual experiences, and the gay narratives of integration lack description, conceptualisation, and theory. The previous research suggests that gay migrants' gay networks seem to have ameliorative social and psychological impacts. Hence, research exploring gay migrants' perceptions on their gay relations, and the access to these relations, is an act to conceptualise gay migrants' social experience in the host society. Gay research is a contribution to the representativity and accuracy of the integration and migration research. This thesis explores the creation and the importance of transnational gay migrants' gay relations in Helsinki, Finland. The importance and creation of gay relations are interpreted by using 20 informally interviewed gay migrant narratives. Furthermore, these interpretations are analysed together with the previous research around the research context and with the concepts of social networks and social inclusion. As the core findings, the research found that gay relations have positive effects on gay migrants' self-interpretation and the collective sense of being gay. However, it has occasionally been hard for a gay migrant to create such gay relations, as the accessible gay spaces seemed to be both hypersexualised and racially sexualised. Moreover, the local homonormativity tended to exclude several gay performances, including the language minorities, cultural differences and non-White beings. (Less)


Background:By 2011, South African prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programs had reduced perinatal HIV transmission at 6 weeks of age to 2.7%. We investigated the profile of newly diagnosed vertically infected children and their mothers to identify shortfalls in the PMTCT program. Methods:In this operational follow-up study, fieldworkers enrolled mothers of newly diagnosed HIV-infected children up to 2 years of age at 5 major health care facilities in Johannesburg. Structured questionnaires and clinical record reviews were conducted and analyzed to describe the population and assess factors associated with PMTCT uptake. Results:Two hundred eighty-nine mother–child pairs were enrolled. Timing of maternal HIV diagnosis influenced PMTCT access and feeding choices and was associated with infants' age at HIV diagnosis (7 vs. 11 vs. 31 weeks where mothers tested before, during, or after the pregnancy, respectively; P < 0.0001). Women diagnosed before pregnancy (12%) were older (median, 31 years) than those diagnosed during the index pregnancy (53%; median, 27 years). Women diagnosed after delivery (35%) were younger (median, 25 years, P < 0.0001), of lower parity, and less likely to be South African citizens. In 81 cases (29%), late maternal diagnosis precluded any PMTCT access. Where women were diagnosed during or before pregnancy, the recommended PMTCT guidelines for mother and infant were followed in 86 (61%) pairs. Conclusions:Failure to diagnose maternal HIV infection before delivery was the main reason for missing PMTCT prophylaxis and early infant testing. Timely maternal diagnosis enables PMTCT uptake, but implementation and follow-up gaps require attention to improve infant outcomes.


Silica hollow spheres(SHSs) have attracted great attention because of their low toxicity,low density,large surface area,high chemical and thermal stability,and surface permeability.They can be widely applied in storage[1],catalysis[2],drug delivery[3,4],low-dielectric-constant materials[5],low-refractive materials[6-8],and so on.Up to now,there have been various methods to produce SHSs.Inorganic[9] or organic particles[10],such as polystyrene or calcium carbonate,were used as hard templates to create hollow cavities.However,the multistep synthetic process and the lack of structural robustness of the shells upon template removal process weaken their application.Soft templates,including oil-in-water emulsions[1],[2],vesicles[13],micelle[14,15] and gas bubbles[16],are applied widely.


Aim of this study was to determine agreement between parent proxy reports and children self-reports of physical activities and sedentary behaviour.

 The sample included 7-10 year-old children and their parents (n = 188) in a local community in Northern Serbia. Data were collected by questionnaires designed to assess context-specific measures of children's physical activity (outside play, organized sports) and sedentary behavior (TV viewing, using computer, playing electronic games). Children and their parents completed questionnaires separately. Agreement between children's and parent`s responses was calculated with Cohen's kappa. Differences in parent`s and children`s responses in relation to gender, grade and BMI were analyzed using χ2 test. Values p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

 Level of agreement between parents' and children's reports ranged from poor for variable TV viewing before going to school (κ = 0.21; p = 0.04) to substantial for variable physical activity before going to school (κ = 0.74; p = 0.00). Girls were more likely than boys to agree with parents about time spent playing on the computer after school (χ2=11.23;p=0.01). Overweight and obese children tended to report more time in TV viewing than their parents (χ2=26.4;p=0.01).

 There are differences in reports of physical activities and sedentary behaviour between 7 to 10 year-old children and their parents The lowest level of agreement found for variable TV viewing indicates low awareness and control of this screen-based sedentary behaviour.

 Differences in parents' and children's reports of children's physical activities and sedentary behaviour are confirmed. It should be taken into consideration in studies which use self-reports or proxy reports for assessing children's physical activities and sedentary behaviour.


Background: Febrile seizure is the most common convulsive disorder in childhood. The role of iron in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and carrying oxygen to the brain suggests the possibility of a relationship between iron-deficiency anemia and febrile seizures. Objectives: The aim of study is to study the role of iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for febrile seizures. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based case–control study performed in 30 children with febrile seizures (case) and 80 febrile children without seizures (control) who were aged between 6 and 60 months. The groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and the use of supplemental iron. Laboratory tests consisted of complete blood count, serum iron, plasma ferritin were done for each patient. Results: Thirty-four percent of the cases with febrile seizure had iron-deficiency anemia compared with 20% of children with febrile illness without seizure and 12% of healthy children. The odds ratio for iron-deficiency anemia in the patients with febrile seizure was 3.059 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.969–9.657) compared with the febrile children without convulsion and 5.608 (95% CI = 1.834–17.146) compared with the healthy group. Conclusion: Based on the result of this study, iron deficiency could be an important risk factor for the development of febrile convulsion. This encourages the evaluation of iron status in children with febrile seizure.


ABSTRACT The sustainable development goals (SDGs) were result of extensive stakeholder participation and global consensus. Despite large promises, there is an increasing concern among the member states whether SDGs address real problems of nations, particularly the developing world. This study discusses key issues raised by developing countries with respect to the SDGs. Using opinion of experts on SDGs regarding its implications and future, a case study for India is presented. The study with its findings and policy recommendations intend to benefit SDG implementation efforts and planning at the national and sub-national level in India and other developing countries, helping them redesign and investigate their national SDG implementation strategies on similar lines as India to improve its reach and effectiveness.


BACKGROUND Hemorrhage with trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) and hyperfibrinolysis (HF) increases the mortality risk after severe trauma. While TIC at hospital admission is well studied, little is known about coagulopathy at the incident site. The aim of the study was to investigate coagulation disorders already present on scene. METHODS In a prospective single-center observational study, blood samples of trauma patients obtained before and at hospital admission were analyzed. Data on rotational thromboelastometry, blood gas analysis, prehospital treatment, injury severity, in-hospital blood transfusions, and mortality were investigated according to the presence of coagulation disorders at the incident site. The patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of coagulation disorders (no coagulopathy, TIC, TIC with HF). In a subgroup analysis, patients with a Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (TICCS) of ≥10 were investigated. RESULTS Between August 2015 and February 2018, 148 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean Injury Severity Score was 22.1, and overall mortality was 7.4%. Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF were already detectable at the incident site in 18.2% and 6.1%, respectively. Patients with HF had significantly altered circulation parameters with significant changes in pH, hemoglobin, lactate, and base excess at the incident site. In patients with TICCS of ≥10 (14.2%), TIC was detected in 47.6% of the cases and HF in 28.6%. Furthermore, in these patients, blood gas parameters significantly changed and the need for blood transfusion and mortality. CONCLUSION Trauma-induced coagulopathy and HF can be detected in severely injured patients even before medical treatment is started. Furthermore, in patients with HF and TICCS of ≥10, blood gas parameters were significantly changed at the incident site. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic study, level III.


Owing to its superb thermal and electrical attributes, as well as electrochemical stability, carbon is emerging as an attractive material for fabrication of many bioelectrochemical devices such as biosensors and biofuel cells. However, carbon's inert nature makes it difficult to functionalize with biocatalysts; often requiring harsh chemical treatment, such as nitric acid oxidation, to attach reactive amines and carboxylic acids to its surface. Recent studies, however, points toward a self-assembly approach for fabricating well organized layers of carbon loaded with arrays of metallic nanoparticles patterned by block-copolymers (BCP) templates. Herein, we demonstrate an effective method for developing carbon nanofibers meshes embedded with metal nanoparticles, by incorporating a BCP self-assembly approach into our C-MEMS fabrication technique. The main phase of this hybrid method includes electrospinning metal salt-loaded BCP into nanofiber meshes, and subsequently reducing the metal salts into metal nanoparticles prior to pyrolysis. This cost-effective process will pave the way for fabricating scalable advanced 3-D carbon electrodes that can be applied to biosensors and biofuel cells devices.


the sample of known weight was corrected to the c.p.m. in a theoretical yield of BSH (141 mg or 242 mg for 1 or 2 ml. carrier, respectively). Then, from the size of the aliquot assayed, and the weight of the tissue, corrections were made to c.p.m. in the entire tissue and c.p.m./g tissue. From the counting efficiency, determined with an internal ("4C)-toluene standard, disintegrations per minute (d.p.m.) per g of tissue were calculated. For BSH from bacterial histidine decarboxylase incubates, the concentration of endogenous (4C)-histamine was subtracted; the difference is the histamine equivalent of free (1"C)-L-histidine.


The correlation between potential shape and specific heat is generally absent from textbook discussions. We present a detailed analysis of the specific heat contribution due to independent particles subject to one‐dimensional classical and quantum model potentials. For the classical models, we use phase space concepts to develop a clear physical interpretation of the temperature dependence of the specific heat. For the quantum models, we make the interpretation in terms of the differences in quantum levels.


Euripides' Helen was performed in 412, some months after the complete debâcle of the Athenian army on Sicily. Aristophanes speaks of the "new Helen", and there is indeed no reason to criticize the pretty heroine. This new character corresponds to the new poetic conception Euripides presents in the Helen as in the contemporary Andromeda, too, after having tried to apply it already in the Iphigenia Taurica (414 or 413). In the mentioned tragedies large-scale operations as the Trojan War are missed. However, this war is condemned in the diccussions of the post-war time in Helen. In the action prevail rather single fates and a lot of adventures. To return home proves to be a remarkable motive, when according to Thucydides only few succeeded in escaping from Sicily. The hard struggle to save the life against tyrannical violence in far-off barbarous countries seem to be important for the new conception. Cheerful components are the love and the happy ending. But there is no doubt: The new poetic manner does not prevent tragedies from remaining tragedies.


The main problem of this study is the implementation of physics learning activities that do not involve the scientific process that can train students' science literacy ability, especially in the competence aspects. As a result, the development of students' science literacy ability is not maximal. A solution given in this study is a research-based digital module as teaching material. This study was conducted at SMA Dharma Karya UT with a quasi-experimental method and nonequivalent control group design. The study used purposive sampling to decide the study's sample with the following classification XI IPA 2 as the experimental class with 25 samples and XI IPA 1 as the controlled class with 25 samples. The instruments of the study were test and non-test. The science literacy test contained ten questions, and the non-test was a questionnaire. In addition, based on a statistical calculation of the post-test by using a nonparametric test, Mann-Whitney showed that a significant score 2-tailed (0.011) < significant level (α=0.05). It showed a research-based digital module's effect on students' science literacy ability. Meanwhile, the result of N-Gain showed the enhancement of students' science literacy ability; this can be seen from the superior N-Gain value in the experimental class. Moreover, the questionnaire also showed that using research-based digital modules for students' science literacy ability was good (73%).


A combined test-design procedure is developed to determine an accurate solids friction factor correlation for a given material and a wide range of pipe diameters. Results from recent investigations into the long-distance pneumatic conveying of pulverised coal demonstrate the good accuracy and reliability of this procedure by predicting to within -t 5 % the operating conditions obtained from a 947 m x 60/69/81/105 mm I.D. stepped pipeline. Various configurations of pipeline are optimised (based on a minimum Froude number approach) for an application requiring 24 t h-1 over a total distance of 1800 m and demonstrate the advantages of selecting a stepped-diameter pipeline, in terms of minimising pressure, velocity and the air flow requirements.


(Color) This postcard is a love poem with an image depicting a soldier standing with his gun and thinking of a young woman. Two green stamps are affixed to the back, costing a halfpenny each. Two postmarks can be seen, the first is Dumdas, the second (and third) Sandgate, at 10:30 A.M. on July 30, 1915. The postcard is sent from Jack to Mrs. J.P. Harrison.


Background: Systemic steroid therapy is widely used in treating infants at risk for chronic lung disease. Inhaled steroid therapy has potential advantages of direct delivery to the lung and fewer side effects.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was designed to test the hypothesis that early administration of inhaled beclomethasone would decrease the frequency of chronic lung disease with few systemic side effects. Infants <33 weeks gestation and <1251 grams birth weight still requiring assisted ventilation between days 3-14 of life were screened for enrollment. Infants were randomized to receive beclomethasone or placebo by metered dose inhaler and Aerochamber. Beclomethasone dose of 40 μg/kg/day was tapered over 4 weeks. Systemic steroid therapy was permitted if indicated. Outcome measures included frequency of chronic lung disease at age 28 days and at 36 weeks postconceptional age; death; frequency of systemic steroid therapy; duration of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. Occurrence of adverse effects, such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, infection, and decreased weight gain, were monitored. Results: 253 of 294 (86%) eligible infants were enrolled, randomized, and received either beclomethasone (n=123) or placebo (n=130). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Deaths by age 28 days: 7 beclomethasone v. 7 placebo. Deaths by 36 weeks postconceptional age: 11 beclomethasone v. 8 placebo. Among survivors, the study groups had similar frequency of chronic lung disease at age 28 days and 36 weeks postconceptional age. However, there was substantially less use of systemic steroid therapy in infants in the beclomethasone group v. placebo group at age 28 days and 36 weeks postconceptional age. The data also suggest that beclomethasone group had fewer days of supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. There was no difference between groups with respect to death, systemic infection, blood glucose screens, blood pressures, weight gain, or ROP. Conclusion: Risk of chronic lung disease at age 28 days and 36 weeks postconceptional age was similar for infants treated with this regimen of early inhaled beclomethasone compared to placebo. Beclomethasone therapy resulted in less use of systemic steroid therapy. Increased used of systemic steroid therapy in the placebo group may have contributed to dampening detectable differences in chronic lung disease between the study groups.


A water conductivity monitoring circuit for a steam generator is provided to prevent the probes from being polluted with depositions which affects sensitiveness to determine a state of a water filter arranged at upstream of water flow. A water conductivity monitoring circuit for a steam generator evaluates the condition of a water filter arranged in the water flow at the upper side from the steam generator, and includes a microprocessor(12), a probe(14), and a conductive sensor circuit(10). The microprocessor generates the reference signal. The probe is arranged at the water flow of the lower side from the filter. The conductive sensor circuit is arranged between the microprocessor and the probe to output the output signal, which implies the conductivity of water, at the microprocessor. When the probe is arranged in the water flow, the microprocessor evaluates the condition of the filter based on the comparison between the output signal and the reference signal.


Methamphetamines are addictive stimulants that induce dopamine release, a sense of euphoria, and increased libido. The effects of methamphetamine in inhibiting control of cognitive behavior and increasing arousability are thought to augment the potential for violence. Withdrawal from methamphetamine produces symptoms such as depression, fatigue, hypersomnolence, irritability, and agitation. Per the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), abuse of methamphetamine has increased in the past few years from 440,000 in 2012 to 569,000 in 2014. Wider use in the general population has led to an escalation in related emergency department visits and mounting expenditures due to prolonged length of hospitalization.


Soil minerals are very important for plants and can be use to assess the potential of soil fertility. This study aims to assess the potential of soil fertility based on mineral identification in Banggae and Eastern Banggae Subdistrict, Majene District, West Sulawesi Province. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative, by identifying the minerals in the parent material and soil from thin section using polarizing microscope, quantification method for minerals percentage, and classified of nutrient potential with percentage of mineral content reduced by the percentage content of the quartz. The results showed that the dominant mineral found in the parent material and soil are pyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, calcite, quartz and opaque, but the size of mineral are smaller than in the parent material. Potential of nutrients generated in the form of weatherable minerals are biotite, calcite, plagioclase, hornblende and pyroxene containing elements such as Mg, Ca, K, Fe and Na. Potential soil fertility in parent material currently on the moderate criteria (48% to 70%), while on the soil with middle criteria (48% to 70%) in P1L1, P2L1, P4L1, P8L1, P9L1, P10L1, P11L1 and P11L2 and good criteria (73% to 79%) in P3L1, P3L2, P4L2, P5L1, P5L2, P6L1, P7L1 and P9L2. Potential nutrient contained in the mineral is not available for plants, because it has not been supported by external factors such as the low availability of water. This is due to the climate condition especially rainfall in research area is in the range of 949.0 to 2557.1 mm/year with an average annual rainfall of 1608.0 mm/year.


We present a simple and robust approach to achieve low-loss, high-speed speckle reduction using a colloidal dispersion. This approach is compact, low cost, requires no external power, and is compatible with commercially available lasers.


. In this paper we present a generalized least-squares approach for estimating autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models. Simulation results based on different model structures with varying numbers of observations are used to contrast the performance of our procedure with that of maximum likelihood estimates. Existing software packages can be utilized to derive these estimates.


We evaluated 34 infants with bronchiolitis, (17 of both genders; mean age, 4.6 mos; ranges, 0.7–14.5 mos). The 20 inpatients were significantly younger than the 14 outpatients (2.6 vs. 8.2 months, P < 0.05), and more females were inpatients. Forced expiratory flows at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) were obtained at baseline, after aerosolized normal saline (NS), and metaproterenol (0.025 mL/kg in 2 mL NS). Flows were expressed as 2‐scores, the difference between the measured and predicted flows, divided by the standard deviation for the predicted value. At baseline, outpatients were more obstructed than inpatients (−1.64 vs. −0.95, P < 0.05), infants >2 months old were more obstructed than infants s2 months old (−1.54 vs. −0.80, P < 0.05), and males more than females (− 1.45 vs. −1.02, P < 0.05). Following NS the whole group had a small but significant decrease in 2‐scores (−1.23 to −1.31, P <: 0.05). Following metaproferenol, the younger infants had significantly (P < 0.05) higher Z‐scores compared to baseline and NS (−0.80 vs. −0.86 vs. −0.59). However, no significant changes occurred in older infants. Females also had an increased flow after metaproterenol and were less obstructed than after NS (−1.11 vs. −0.86, P < 0.015). In males no increased flows occurred after metaproterenol (− 1.45 vs. − 1.48). Bronchodilator responsiveness did not relate to severity of airway obstruction, history of family asthma, allergy, or passive smoke exposure. We conclude that inhaled metaproterenol improves airway function in a subgroup of infants with bronchiolitis, but the subgroup could not clearly be identified because age and gender were confounding factors. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:81–85. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We show that the Hilbert space spanned by a continuously parametrized wavefunction family---i.e., a quantum state manifold---is dominated by a subspace, onto which all member states have close to unity projection weight. Its characteristic dimensionality $D_P$ is much smaller than the full Hilbert space dimension, and is equivalent to a statistical complexity measure $e^{S_2}$, where $S_2$ is the $2^{nd}$ Renyi entropy of the manifold. In the thermodynamic limit, $D_P$ closely approximates the quantum geometric volume of the manifold under the Fubini-Study metric, revealing an intriguing connection between information and geometry. This connection persists in compact manifolds such as a twisted boundary phase, where the corresponding geometric circumference is lower bounded by a term proportional to its topological index, reminiscent of entanglement entropy.


The wavelengths of the strongest M X-ray lines of plutonium have been measured and compared with available experimental values and with those extrapolated from neighbouring elements. New energy determinations have been given for six atomic levels.


Critics generally agree that Statius' Silvae 2.4, a poem about a dead parrot dedicated to Statius' patron Atedius Melior, is modelled closely on Ovid's Amores 2.6, a poem about Corinna's dead parrot. In particular, many read Statius' poem as picking up on the metapoetic strand in the Ovidian model, in which the parrot may be interpreted as a poet-figure, though they also note that Statius' poem shows more of a concern for the tensions involved in a poet's relationship to his patron (and the emperor). I agree with this general interpretation of the poem and its metapoetic aspect; however, there are some oddities about the dead parrot and its relationship to its dominus that have not been fully explained by theories that equate the parrot with either Statius or a non-specific Flavian poet-figure and the dominus with Atedius Melior or a similar patron-figure. For instance, why is the parrot dead, and why does Statius write an epicedium for it that is similar in tone to the epicedia for dead people in Silvae 2? Why is the parrot's relationship to its master an ambiguous one such that his cage can be described as a prison (carcer, 2.4.15), and the master's grief over the parrot's death is never specifically mentioned? Finally, why does the parrot speak the name of Caesar instead of Atedius Melior, the friend of Statius to whom the poem is dedicated?


The noninteraction of photons makes free-space optics for optical interconnections an important asset to the digital optical computer. In this paper, we describe a space-variant optical system and apply it to the case of an optical interconnection network. As experimental proof of the device's merit, the so-called inverse perfect shuffle interconnection network is shown in one and two dimensions. Considerations regarding the demonstrated system's limitations are also presented.


Based on Compressed Sensing(CS),a new image fusion method is presented.The new method can take reduced samples,and has the advantages of simple structure and easy implementation.The method decomposes two or more original images using wavelet transform,and gets the sparse matrix by the wavelet coefficient sparse representation,and fuses the sparse matrices with the coefficients absolute value maximum scheme.Randomly observed,it can receive the compressed sample.At the fusing end,the fusion image is recovered from the reduced samples by solving the optimization.The proposed method can construct the fusion image with less measurements because the wavelet coefficients are sparse presentation.Simulation results show the proposed method exhibits its superiority over the traditional method of the maximum absolute values fusion with the same sampling rates,and under the lower sampling,it can also achieve better fusion performance.


FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to locking systems, providing for locking of such structures as electric gates, sliding drawers, cabinets, safes, etc., which comprise an element of reciprocal motion transfer (3), moving in a worm (2) and providing for reciprocal motion, an element of rotary motion transfer (4), providing together with the specified element of reciprocal motion transfer (3) the rotary motion, a guide element (7), pulling and pushing the specified element of rotary motion transfer (4) and element of reciprocal motion transfer (3) in one position, an element of motion transfer (6), moving a crossbar (5) up and down and providing for locking and unlocking, a pressing element of rotary motion transfer (4) in the opposite direction and thus making it possible for the motor (1) to complete the working cycle. EFFECT: invention provides for safe distance of locking, in process of crossbar (5) movement. 18 cl, 9 dwg


The multi-modes and disperse characteristics of torsional modes in pipes are investigated theoretically and experimentally. At all frequencies, both phase velocity and group velocity of the lowest torsional mode T(0,1) are constant and equal to shear wave velocity. T(0.1) mode at all frequencies is the fastest torsional mode. In the experiments, T(0,1) mode is excited and received in pipes using 9 thickness shear vibration mode piezoelectric ceramic elements. Furthermore, an artificial longitudinal defect of a 4 m long pipe is detected using T(0,1) mode at 50 kHz. Experimental results show that it is feasible for longitudinal defect detection in pipes using T(0,1) mode of ultrasonic guided waves.


Chapter 1. THE SKILLS YOU NEED. 1.1 The Goal of This book. 1.2 Mechanisms Are Your Keys to Success. Chapter 2. INTRO TO IONIC MECHANISMS. 2.1 Curved Arrows. 2.2 The Basic Moves. 2.3 Combining the Basic Moves. Chapter 3. ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. 3.1 Halogenation and the role of Lewis Acids. 3.2 Nitration. 3.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation. 3.4 Sulfonation. 3.5 Modifying the Nucleophilicity of the Nucleophile. 3.6 Predicting Directing Effects. 3.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators. 3.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects. 3.9 Synthesis Strategies. Chapter 4. NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION. 4.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. 4.2 SNAr Mechanism. 4.3 Elimination-Addition. 4.4 Mechanism Strategies. Chapter 5. KETONES AND ALDEHYDES. 5.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes. 5.2 Stability and Reactivity of the Carbonyl. 5.3 H-Nucleophiles. 5.4 O-Nucleophiles. 5.5 S-Nucleophiles. 5.6 N-Nucleophiles. 5.7 C-Nucleophiles. 5.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule. 5.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems. Chapter 6. CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES. 6.1 General Rules. 6.2 Acyl Halides. 6.3 Anhydrides. 6.4 Esters. 6.5 Amides and Nitriles. 6.6 Synthesis Problems. Chapter 7. ENOLS AND ENOLATES. 7.1 Keto-Enol Tautomerism. 7.2 Reactions Involving Enols. 7.3 Making Enolates. 7.4 Haloform Reactions. 7.5 Alkylation of Enolates. 7.6 Aldol Reaction and Aldol Condensation. 7.7 Claisen Condensation. 7.8 Decarboxylation Provides Some Useful Synthetic Techniques. 7.9 Michael Reactions. Chapter 8. AMINES. 8.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines and Amides. 8.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions. 8.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination. 8.4 Preparation of Amines from Amides. 8.5 Acylation of Amines. 8.6 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid. 8.7 Aromatic Diazonium Salts. Answer Key. Index.


The functional importance of myelin in the nervous system and the requirement for its normal formation are highlighted in the myelin mutants, where disturbances of the normal myelinating process lead to severe neurologic dysfunction, with tremor, ataxia, and seizures. Such derangements of this carefully orchestrated developmental process result in hypomyelination or dysmyelination of the central or peripheral nervous systems. In the most severe examples of such mutations, the dysmyelination of the nervous system results in only a few, poorly compacted myelin sheaths being formed. In other mutants in which the myelin defect is not as drastic, many axons are thinly ensheathed with normal myelin, but numerous axons remain without a myelin sheath. The largest group of myelin mutants is composed of those that are inherited as X-linked recessive traits. These mutations are found in a number of species including man (Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease [PMD]), dog (shaking pup [sh pup]), pig (Type AIII hypomyelinogenesis congenita), mouse (jimpy [jp] and rumpshaker [rsh]), and rat (myelin-deficient [md]). The jp mouse has been the most thoroughly investigated of all the myelin mutants, and considerable progress has been made recently into understanding the cell biology and molecular genetics of this mutant. These new advances and those in other mutants have been made largely through the application of recombinant DNA technology to the study of the myelinating process. This initially resulted in the cloning of the myelin genes (for review see Lemke'), and it has now been extended to the X-linked myelin mutants with identification of the mutation in each with the exception of Type A111 disease in the pig. However, although the phenotype and genotype of each mutant have been explored in depth, many questions regarding the correlation between the known genetic and phenotypic changes are still unanswered. Despite the finding of a mutation in the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene in the majority of Xlinked mutants, the resulting pleiotropic effect on phenotype is still poorly understood .2 ,3 As an introduction to the subject of the X-linked myelin mutants, this paper identifies certain key features of the phenotype of these mutants that might reflect on a specific alteration in the genotype. The succeeding papers will discuss in more detail certain aspects of the cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics of these mutants.


Background: As culture-dependent bacterial identification methods are still limited to capture colonisation or infection of ascites fluid we established a culture-independent PCR-based method for the detection, quantification and differentiation of bacterial DNA (bactDNA). This report aims to characterize risk factors for bactDNA identification in non-leukocytic ascites fluid (nlAF) and for progression to SBP.


Development in U.S. politics has arisen through two controversial pathways: federalism and anti-federalism. Some scholars suggest that the two paths will create a balance of power over time. However, evidence from the environmental control of air pollution since the late 1960s falsifies this widely established claim. This paper examines the distribution of regulatory authority and intergovernmental relations between federal and local governments under the U.S. Clean Air Act and its Amendments. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol22/iss1/ 11 RES PUBLICA XXII | 81 Pendulum of Power versus Commanding Control: Intergovernmental Relations under Clean Air Act and Its Amendments Yige Chen Abstract: Development in U.S. politics has arisen through two controversial pathways: federalism and anti-federalism. Some scholars suggest that the two paths will create a balance of power over time. However, evidence from the environmental control of air pollution since the late 1960s falsifies this widely established claim. This paper examines the distribution of regulatory authority and intergovernmental relations between federal and local governments under the U.S. Clean Air Act and its Amendments.


Summary
Cattle farming is a practice that has been carried out for centuries, it is based on the handling and exploitation of cattle for the production of milk or meat, for its use mainly in human food; It is for this reason that new alternatives have been implemented to improve the productivity and efficiency of cattle raising; Artificial Insemination (AI) has been one of the most specific tools to use in the genetic improvement of livestock, AI has been used to rapidly spread valuable genes within the population, always seeking to improve the genetic quality of the herds, the efficiency, profitability and quality of life of producers.


Understanding Knowledge Management gives the reader an overview of Knowledge Management. It covers topics that are relevant to the development of the concept and practice of Knowledge Management. The chapter in this book have been written in such a way to balance the three fronts of successful knowledge management - human cognition, technological support and values system - which all ultimately shape the utility and wealth of knowledge management systems in our society.


This paper attests the participation of the Yeagerists team from University of Padua in the Touché @ CLEF 2021 challenge [1, 2], specifically in the Argument Retrieval for Controversial Questions shared task. The project has been submitted as part of the Search Engines course (a.y. 2020-21) held by professor N.Ferro for the Master's Degree in Computer Engineering. We show our retrieval pipeline architecture and discuss our approach, which employs a DirichletLM retrieval model coupled with transformer-based models for both query expansion and argument quality re-ranking. For the first, after having explored several possibilities, we decided to deploy a BERT-based synonym substitution technique. For argument quality re-ranking, we built an approach based on previous work and explored how different models from the BERT family performed in predicting a quality score for a given argument. As a summary of our main findings, we tested different configurations of our system and achieved a retrieval performance of 0.8279 nDCG@5 on Touché 2020 topics, slightly improving over the task baseline, while on 2021 topics we managed to align with the provided baseline at 0.6246 nDCG@5.


Background The goal of treatment in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) according to the T2T strategy is remission, or at least, a low disease activity state1. Currently there is no clear agreement on how to measure these treatment goals. Objectives To explore the relationship between very low disease activity (VLDA) state, according to the MDA 7/7 criteria2, and DAPSA remission3, as well as its association with the impact of the disease evaluated by the PsAID questionnaire4, in patients with PsA in routine clinical practice. Methods Post-hoc analysis of the MAAPs study5. We included patients who met CASPAR criteria, with at least one year of disease evolution, and treated with biological and/or synthetic DMARDs according to the usual clinical practice in Spain. Patients were considered in VLDA if they met 7/7 of the MDA criteria, and in DAPSA/cDAPSA remission (this last without CRP) if they had a value ≤4. A PsAID <4 represented a patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS). The frequency of these states and kappa (κ) agreement between them were analysed. Results Of the 227 patients included in the original study, 26 (11.5%), 52 (30.6%), 65 (36.9%) and 125 (55%) were in VLDA, DAPSA remission, cDAPSA remission, and PASS, respectively. There was a moderate agreement between VLDA and DAPSA remission (κ=0.52) or the cDAPSA remission (κ=0.42). Patients in VLDA had a lower impact of the disease measured by PsAID [mean total score (SD): VLDA 1.1 (1.2); DAPSA remission 1.3 (1.5); cDAPSA remission 1.7 (1.6)]. There was a moderate agreement between DAPSA remission or cDAPSA remission and PASS (κ=0.55 and κ=0.58 respectively), while fair agreement was found between VLDA and PASS (κ=0.18). Conclusions About one third of this series reached DAPSA remission, while only 11.5% reached VLDA state. On the other hand, more than half were in PASS situation. Agreement between VLDA and DAPSA was moderate. Although the MDA 7/7 criteria seem to be more stringent criteria for assessing remission, DAPSA remission shows better agreement with PASS. DAPSA and VLDA would be adequate treatment targets in daily practice. References [1] Smolen JS, et al. Treating axial spondyloarthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis, especially psoriatic arthritis, to target: 2017 update of recommendations by an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis2018;77:3–17. [2] Coates LC, et al. Defining Low Disease Activity States in Psoriatic Arthritis using Novel Composite Disease Instruments. J Rheumatol2016;43:371–375. [3] Schoels MM, et al. Disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA): defining remission and treatment success using the DAPSA score. Ann Rheum Dis2016;75:811–818. [4] Gossec L, et al. A patient-derived and patient-reported outcome measure for assessing psoriatic arthritis: elaboration and preliminary validation of the Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire, a 13-country EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis2014;73:1012–1019. [5] Queiro R, et al. Minimal disease activity and impact of disease in psoriatic arthritis: a Spanish cross-sectional multicenter study. Arthritis Res Ther2017;19:72. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The role of smart phones is predominant over the past several years. Knowledge bases of new technological trends in agriculture can help farmers in real time to increase productivity of whole chain of agriculture processes. End to end platforms to increase the qualitative and quantitative production is essential to transform agriculture into a more profitable sector contributing to a country's GDP is of primary research interest to many research groups. In this context, a unified framework is proposed in this paper with a combination of sensors, Mobile and Android software modules that can address most of the above issues. Proposed framework automates the process of connecting, communicating and conveying different aspects of efficient and economic agriculture practices by empowering even the illiterate farmers with latest mobile systems. Trough Communication module, farmers and experts can communicate with each other. Though soil sensor module, By using sensor values farmer can decide the suitable crop for that soil. Developed framework is tested with some of the test cases and future scope of the improvements for the developed framework are given in this paper.


To obtain one of the possible factors on the abrupt increment of mechanomyographic (MMG) signal during prolonged isometric constant contraction (PICC; <20%MVC), the present study focused on the iMMG changes from m. vastus medialis (VM) and/or lateralis (VL) during the intermittent isometric constant contractions (IICC) at various condition of the duty cycle (or relaxation/contraction ratio: R-C ratio) and the target tension. Target tension set at 5, 10 and 15 %MVC and the duty cycle set at 16s-ON/4s-OFF, 56s-ON/4s-OFF and 116sON/4s-OFF. Simultaneous recording of myoelectrical signal (MES) was made on VM and/or VL. 1) IMMG increased weakly and monotonously with the cumulative load which is accumulated the acreage of tension and time through the IICC. Also, iMES sustained or increased weakly but the increment ratio was lower than iMES under PICC condition. 2) The increment ratio of iMMG (or gradient of linear regression formula with the cumulative load: G-iMMG) from both muscles increased depend on the increment ratio of the cumulative load (or gradient of linear regression formula with the time) in the stored data under the IICC conditions. But there could not be seen the distinct relation in that of iMES. 3) The G-iMMG decreased with R-C ratio. But G-iMES did not show distinct relationship with R-C ratio among subjects and between muscles. Linear incremental tendency of iMMG would originate from the inserted muscle relaxation during IICC. Therefore, the abrupt increase of iMMG during PICC suggests to be caused from the continuous muscle contraction itself. Jpn J Phys Fitness Sports Med, 65(1): 177-188 (2016)


A first approach towards an ocean forecasting system for the Aegean Sea is presented in this paper. The ocean forecasting component is part of the POSEIDON system which includes high resolution atmospheric and wave modeling of the Aegean Sea together with an extended network of observational buoys for the continuous monitoring of physical, biological and chemical parameters. The ocean forecast model system consists of a high-resolution (1/20° times; 1/20°) implementation of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) forced by forecast surface fluxes of momentum, heat and freshwater provided by the regional ETA atmospheric model. The climatological runs of the model reproduce the basic features of the general circulation in the Aegean Sea. In the forecasting mode the model shows skill in forecasting the sea surface temperature (SST) phenomenology when compared with satellite-derived SST. Sensitivity tests (such as the inclusion of sea surface atmospheric pressure) have been performed in order to improve the model's n...


Employee performance appraisal system it is effective technique that contributes to the important aspects of the organization in its business domain. The traditional methods of evaluation are rating scale method and qualitative appraisal criteria using quantifiable attributes however it's in capable of providing accurate result. This can lead to biasness with evaluation and the employees may get dissatisfied outcomes in which they feel not justifiable enough. Therefore, an advanced system for employee evaluation system is proposed which evaluates performance of the employee and provide accurate result using the hybrid algorithm (Naïve Bayes, ID3 and Linear Regression). The aim of this paper is to compare accuracy of ID3 and hybrid algorithm for given dataset. Keywords—Employee Performance Appraisal System, Machine Learning, Hybrid Algorithm


The environment in which U.S. universities operate is expected to become more difficult. This paper translates the marketing function, as developed for business, into a university setting. The recommendation is that universities need to revise management priorities; in particular: more responsiveness to the market, and, a shift from concern for internal efficiency to a concern for organizational effectiveness.


This paper describes two models for current transformer-Lucas Model and J-A Model,which are widely used in electromagnetic transient simulations.The paper discusses the detailed theoretical background of the two models,and compares the performances of the two models as the primary currents change,based on electromagnetic transient simulations.The advantages and defects of the two models are studied and some suggestions about selecting CT model are given.


Ribosomal particles of E. coli were examined by using a heat leakage scanning calorimeter. Remarkable changes were observed in thermograms of 70S ribosomes and their subunits when the Mg2+ concentration was raised from 1 mm to 10 mm. It was suggested that ribosomal subunits exist in more than one conformation, and changes in their conformation might be the primary cause of the association-dissociation process of ribosomes. Comparisons of thermograms of RNase- and chymotrypsin-treated, as well as non-treated SOS and 30S subunits suggest that conformational changes in each subunit may be ascribed to changes in rRNA.


As result of conducted study micromycetes capable to grow in extreme conditions (high and low pH level, high salt concentration, and high temperature) were isolated. It was determined that out of all diversity of mycobiota the best capability to grow in compose conditions is characteristic to representatives of genera Aspergillus (strains A. terreus 252 and 253, A. flavus 257) and Penicillium, and strain Cladosporium cladosporioides 244 as well. Scarce diversity of micromycetes and extensive presence of representatives of genus Aspergillus in collected samples are characteristic features of fungal community in sewage of the studied gas-processing enterprises.


Specific polycylindric map projections are derived and illustrated, one of which is equal area. Equations are given for the entire class of polycylindric projections.


The article is devoted to the peculiarities of one of the forms of pedagogical interaction which has the principles of polemical dialogue in its basis. The author pays attention to the organization of polemical interaction in the process of professional education


The electrochemical behavior of X70 pipeline steel in a synthetic near neutral soil solution is investigated. Experimental results indicate that solute of CO2 can accelerate the corrosion rate of X70 pipeline steel in the synthetic near neutral soil solution. There are reduction reactions of H+, H2O, H2CO3 and HCO3- involved in the cathodic reaction process. And the reductions of H2CO3 and HCO3-are the dominant reactions in the cathodic reaction process, and the reduction of H+ is less important.


I focused on the justification of all the costs expended for projects covered by the state grants. There is a detailed description of sources of finance for organization in the theoretical part, including the state grants. The main focus has been placed on the sources of finance (such as state grants) for the research and development in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, there is a short presentation of VOP-026 Sternberk, s. p. as a authority entitled to realize state grants projects. There is a brief reference to the call for tender and the way state grants are approved of. There is also a case study to demonstrate the bookkeeping procedure, keeping a record of and justifying the legitimate costs, recommendation suggested as well as state grant bookkeeping policy.


Hemoglobins H and Bart's failed to bind human haptoglobin. The binding of hemoglobins A1, F, I, and Lepore was comparable to that of hemoglobin A. These findings suggest that configurational differences or the absence of alpha chain dimers was responsible for the lack of binding of hemoglobins H and Bart's.


Young people aged 18 to 35 constitute one-third of the total population of Bangladesh and youth unemployment has significant negative consequences for society and the national economy. The Department of Youth Development (DYD) has been given the responsibility for transforming the youth into a productive workforce in Bangladesh. From its inception, DYD has trained up 3.2 million young people of which about 1.8 million are now self employed. This study finds that the growth of youth entrepreneurship in the DYD supported Programme is being inhibited by factors like inadequate financing, collateral burden, low managerial and technical skills, high cost of raw materials and production machineries, natural catastrophe, turmoil political and legal system, lack of infrastructural facilities and utility services, social and cultural barriers and low stability of the youth. Despite the negative factors, some positive factors like life skill training, the encouragement of trade, low interest rates, grace period and less time expenses in getting credit are acting positively to boost up entrepreneurship under the concerned programme.


The association of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is well‐documented. Accurate assessment of CSF pressure is paramount to optimal long‐term outcomes, as failure of surgical repair or recurrent leaks may be associated with untreated intracranial hypertension. Many surgeons utilize a single opening pressure measured at the onset of the surgical procedure to determine if long‐term acetazolamide or shunt placement will be necessary. However, preoperative measurement of CSF pressure may be inaccurate secondary to active drainage. The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of preoperative CSF pressure measurement in the setting of active CSF rhinorrhea.


The policies restricting the use of atrazine and other triazines to achieve desirable water quality standards are analyzed in a CEEPES framework. Five policies, including atrazine post restriction, restricting atrazine to meet MCL and HAL standards in runoff, a complete ban on atrazine, and also a ban on all triazines, were evaluated. The results suggest a $764 million total economic welfare loss with a triazine ban; with all other policies there was only one-third as much economic welfare loss. Although the triazine ban produced desirable water quality benefits, the economic costs are significantly higher. The overall goal of reducing water quality risk with the least economic welfare loss would not be achieved through an atrazine ban either, unless producers adopt practices that minimize risk from substitute herbicides. The runoff standards-based policy restrictions and atrazine post restriction offer best results for minimizing environmental risks with the least welfare reduction, but the current analysis assumes zero transaction costs, namely zero cost of monitoring and assessment.


Recognizing family life education as an essential 1st step toward reducing teenage pregnancies in Botswana it has been introduced into the standard 7 syllabus. At present it is optional. Efforts are being made to train teachers and in 1985 25 primary teacher tutors and education officers were trained in family life education. The topic is being introduced into the teachers curriculum. Family life education topics are now included in the integrated science syllabus for junior secondary schools. Again most teachers are unprepared to teach family life education as such. In terms of the out-of-school youth nongovernmental organizations are realizing the value of their involvement with family life education but much more could be done. As 85% of teenage girls are sexually active by age 19 and 18% by age 15 teachers health workers and social workers in each community must get involved as well as parents. Politicians chiefs and other community leaders need to be persuaded to provide their full support.


AbstractWater Infrastructures play an important role in serving societies, and ensuring the proper performance of these facilities has received great attention recently. Growing hydrometeorological...


Generating public support for large capital investments in a public university's decaying facilities is a difficult task at best. This chapter describes how one institution built support for a $2.3 billion investment by the state and how this has lead to changes in the delivery of student services.


Apparent biodiversity on earth exists only if we compare different species separated from their environments. Meanwhile coexisting species have to be identical in terms of energetic interactions. Consider the biosphere as a network of chemical reactions. This leads to the conclusion that forces which drive life evolution may be found inside the process of the transformations of molecules. From the thermodynamic point of view the system of reacting particles reaches a steady state when the chemical potentials of reagents become equal. Interactions between chemical compounds taking part in concurrent reactions and the equilibration of their chemical potentials is the essence of biological evolution and its only driving force.


The phenomenon of progress is a kind of existence law for the person who thinks and has the ability to change the world with his mind. In this respect, this phenomenon can be accepted as a phenomenon that will maintain its existence in the historical process. As a matter of fact, throughout history, the phenomenon of progress has been considered and examined with the face of the future and the ideal of social order for humanity. In this study, it is aimed to explain the social ideal in the intellectual creativity of N.K.Mikhailovsky, one of the leading figures of Russian populism in the context of progress theory. For this purpose, firstly, the general approaches to the phenomenon of progress will be evaluated and a comparison will be made with the theory of H. Spencer, the British philosopher who influenced the teory of progress Mikhailovsky. Based on the data obtained from this comparison, the social ideal of the thinker; will be evaluated within the framework of individual and society.


Objective To optimize the expression condition of the recombinant strain BL21(DE3) pXETAB2B1 of clostridium perfringens type C.Methods By using the inducer of IPTG(isopropylthio-β-D-galactoside),the PH,incubation temperature,and incubation time,cell density of induction,concentration of IPTG effect the expression of the recombinant strain BL21(DE3) pXETAB2B1 were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Results The optimization of expression conditions were explored That PH of LB medium was 7.5,incubation time was 5h,and incubation temperature was 37℃,cell density of induction was OD6001.0,concentration of IPTG was 0.4 mmol/L.Conclusion The best expression condition of the recombinant strain BL21(DE3) pXETAB2B1 of Clostridium perfringens type C can be determined.


We have shown that sorghum bran diets containing bioactive compounds decrease colon carcinogenesis and the mechanisms involved may prove beneficial against chronic colon inflammation. To test this, rats (n=80) were provided diets containing 6% fiber from cellulose, or bran from black, sumac, or high tannin sorghum, which contain anthocyanins, condensed tannins, or both, respectively. Ten rats in each diet received 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) three times to stimulate inflammation. Feces were collected throughout the study, and on day 63 the colon was resected and distal segments were used to determine inflammation and injury scores. The colonic mucosa was scraped to measure NF‐κB activity. DSS elevated injury score and NF‐κB activity for all rats. Fecal moisture content and injury scores of DSS rats were higher in animals fed bran diets (9–13% and ~39%, respectively) compared to a cellulose diet (p<0.05 for both), but were lower than rats fed a pectin diet. When the relationship between changes in injury and NF‐κB within each diet was assessed, a linear relationship (p=0.01, R2=0.98) was observed, with the black bran diet resulting in the lowest value. Consumption of black sorghum bran may reduce colonic injury and induction of NF‐κB activity caused during inflammation, which may contribute to the reduction in colon carcinogenesis observed previously. Funding: United Sorghum Checkoff Board Roo31A‐09.


A device having advantages in terms of equipment maintenance, since it provides maximum limitation of the onset of electric arcing between the electrodes, including a vertical cathode equipped with emissive points, these points being offset at an angle from each other from one plane to another, so as to be optimally distributed in space. One embodiment using two planar anodes, between which several vertical cathodes are arranged equipped with points, is also envisaged.


The article presents the modern approaches to preterm infants feeding, principles of parenteral and enteral nutrition. The importance of adequate control of deficit status in preterm infants at different periods of developmental care is marked. Arguments for using the enriched milk or specialized formulas for prematurity during the in-clinic and out-clinic periods of care are provided. Key words: premature infants, enteral nutrition, formulas for premature infants, breast milk, breast milk enriches.


It is now a century since the publication of Reinisch's Chamirsprache, which has remained irtually the only source of information we have on this Agaw lanhuage to date. As a result of his acquaintance with a native speaker from Soqota(Säk'wät 'a), whist working in Massawa on his study of Bilin, the northernmost agaw language, Reinisch was able to collect enough information to mproduce a reasonable descripiton of the language. He himself neer had the opporunity to work on chamir in its home environment and was forced to curtail his studies of the language when his informant was obliged to leave Massawa. After the publication of Die Chamirsprache in 1884, no new information on the language until Conti Rossini's brief description of Khamta was published in 1904, twenty years later. The dialect he recorded is material, though scanty, contains a number of very interesting features, both phonemis and morphological: for example, he cites the only known instance of prefix conjugating erds in Agaw outside Awngi, the southernmost and most divergent mermber of the group. Unfortunately his morphological description is all too cursory and does not permit a proper analysis of this highly idiosyncratic dialect. It may well be that Conti Rossini's Khamta should be regarded as a separate language from Reinisch' Chamie, or the Khamtanga dialect presented here. I shall have occasion to return briefly to this question below.


We derive for the first time fundamental equations that describe soliton spatial profiles consisting of two-photon mode fields and macroscopic polarization of medium. Numerical solutions of this basic equation are presented to give single and multiple soliton chains taking an example of para-H$_2$ $v=0 \leftrightarrow 1$ vibrational system. Although effects of dissipative relaxation are included in the general form for two-level system, the existence of static soliton-condensate is established. Stability analysis of soliton solutions is given. Arguments given here support that soliton-condensates thus derived are final remnants of time evolution of macro-coherent two-photon process. These soliton-condensates are expected to be important in the proposed neutrino mass spectroscopy using atoms.


Mammary Paget's disease appears to be invariably associated with intraductal or parenchymal carcinoma of the breast; however, the nature of the extramammary form of the disease is still controversial.In a review of 145 patients with mammary Paget's disease and 10 patients with extramammary involvement, the authors found that (1) the average survival of patients in both groups was roughly equivalent; (2) regional or widespread metastatic involvement from underlying apocrine or regional carcinoma frequently occurs in extramammary Paget's disease; (3) metastatic lymphadenopathy reduces the survival rate by at least 50 per cent; (4) local recurrences seem the rule in extramammary involvement but are rare in mammary disease; and (5) metastatic carcinoma was the predominant cause of death in both groups of patients.


ABSTRACT This paper investigates the state of informal social activism initiated by Singaporean youth via the creation of ground-up initiatives. Having witnessed state-civil society relations, where calibrated liberalisation, co-option and coercive measures are used as strategies of state control, these informal collectives seek new modalities and methodologies in their efforts to build the urban commons. By following three of such collectives, this paper seeks to explore the overlapping cultural and social realms they operate in, as well as the new modalities and methodologies they bring, such as participatory art and design. They negotiate constraints from both the state and market through (1) strategic positioning of legal statuses and (2) the formation of a network society, building social capital and a new vocabulary for future efforts in self-organisation.


Publisher Summary This chapter discusses institutionalizing neighborhood courts and two Chilean experiences. Two general concerns animate interest in decentralizing urban courts or establishing neighborhood courts. Courts of modern urban commercial-industrial centers have highly specialized procedures necessitating professional advocates and caseloads dominated by disputes involving substantial material stakes or breaches of public order. These characteristics bar easy access to judicial services for those whose resources are modest or whose disputes are of lesser moment. Deprofessional ization, simplification, and decentralization can be seen as a possible means of removing these barriers, though analyses of small claims courts suggest some limitations. Decentralized courts can also be seen as efforts to replace urban anomic social relations with a greater sense of community and establish local level governance. They might permit peaceful face-to-face resolution of disputes and discourage damaging, anonymous retribution or lingering irresolution. Such courts might influence or be influenced by community norms and residents. For a period of time in 1971, neighborhood courts became a Chilean political issue capturing national attention. The recently elected Allende Unidad Popular (UP) coalition government proposed a law to establish a nationwide system of elected, neighborhood, lay courts. The bill met such vociferous criticism in the opposition-controlled Congress that it was withdrawn. In political terms, the bill can be seen as a part of a UP effort to gain the allegiance of thousands of uncommitted poor and working-class voters living in the many new (and not so new) squatter settlements surrounding Santiago. It was also an ideological attack on the existing judicial structure, which the UP regarded as biased against the working class.


A new architecture for Array Processing using Frequency Hopping (FH) modulation is addressed in this paper which takes advantage of the knowledge of the frequency sequence at the receiver, requiring neither temporal nor spatial a priori reference. Consequently, the paper deals with a Code Reference Beamformer (CRB). The proposed framework is composed of two parallel processors. The first one, the Anticipative processor, is devoted to predict the scenario at the hop frequency before this frequency is transmitted, providing a fast convergence of the second processor and avoiding the fall of the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) with the frequency hops. The second one, the On-line processor, provides maximum SINR by applying the optimum beamvector which can be estimated minimizing the Mean Square Error (MSE) at the array output or, directly, maximizing the SINR.


This paper analyses the effect of music appreciation on university students' mental health and personality,which can not be replaced by any other things,it is important to university students' mental health and personality.We should train students to promote themselves musical appreciation level and inner quality.


Scientific and technological translation is one of the translations of practical styles.It always displays its own special stylistic features and requirements.This paper takes a closer look at its lexical,syntactic,textual and register fea-tures,and makes a preliminary probe into criteria and reqeirements of scientific and technological translation.


In this paper, we investigate the optimum pilot placement along time direction for the chunk-based OFDMA uplink. The proposed optimization is performed within a single chunk, where the channel estimation is based on the least-square linear interpolation. Unlike the state-of-the-art optimum pilot placements, the proposed scheme takes into account the impact of interpolation error in addition to the noise. It is established that in the presence of the large Doppler shift, the impact of interpolation error shows the dominative effect in the large SNR range, the optimum pilot spacing should be 1/radic3 of the chunk length regardless of the channel realization. However, in the most practical scenarios, the impact of the interpolation error is too small to affect the overall performance compared to the noise. Therefore, the optimization of pilot placement should be focused on minimizing the noise.


Pen and paper support the rapid production of sketches. However, the paper interface is not always optimal for collaborative sketching as seen in brainstorming sessions where multiple parties would often like to communicate and participate in the sketching synchronously. Novel interactive paper solutions may provide the answer by bridging the paper-digital divide and allowing users to sketch on paper simultaneously while capturing the actions digitally. We present an analysis of collaborative sketching activities in working environments with remote participation. After highlighting the importance of paper for natural interaction in these settings, we introduce PaperSketch, an interactive paper-digital tool for collaborative remote sketching. We discuss the collaborative development of ideas based on the prototype and outline how important feedback issues have been addressed by utilising spatial constraints and multimodal features.


Communicating information on the environmental status of water, air and other parameters to the policy makers and the public at large is by indices. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formulated a uniform Air Quality Index (AQI), for the use of state and local agencies but there has been no general acceptance of the method. Many countries have devised their own methods for describing air quality. The sequel is an attempt to compare the following two methods for air quality classification using the available air quality parametric data in Chennai city of India. These methods include: 1. US-EPA's Conventional AQI (CAQI) and Fuzzy logic based method proposed by Zadeh-Deshpande(ZD) using the concept of degree of match, without computing AQI and straightway describing air quality in various linguistic terms with some degree of certainty attached to each term. The case study relates to application of these methods to air quality data of Chennai City, India. The study reveals that the air quality description using the ZD formalism is comparable with the CAQI. The conventional method fails to capture the uncertainty which is resident in the pollutant data. Furthermore, the advantage of the second method is that, it attaches a linguistic degree of certainty to each linguistic class. In spite of variability in the perception of the experts' there are no visible changes in the final results using Zadeh-Deshpande formalism.


Learning is divided into special subjects according to the internal connections among the knowledge points.Then,the special subject is decomposed nodes.The learning and monitoring system based on the special subjects is implemented by the SMIL language and Ajax technology,which integrate the resources related to the special subject.In order to monitor and manage the learning process,the system breaks through the learning characteristics in accordance with the teaching sequence,records the learning process and results automatically.Through the application in English teaching,the authors found that the system can effectively monitor the learning process of the students,and have great value of popularization and application in higher education.


The authors use simple bilinear regression on statewide exit poll data to gauge the popularity of President Donald Trump in the 2016 election among voters in four levels of educational attainment (high school, some college, college, and postgraduate); three income groups (less than $50,000, $50,000 - $100,000, and more than $100,000); four age groups (18 - 29, 30 - 44, 45 - 64, and 65+); and two racial groups (white and non-white). Trump was found to be most popular among voters with a high school education, voters with annual incomes greater than $100,000, voters 65 years of age or older and white voters. Trump was found to be least popular among voters with a postgraduate degree, voters with annual incomes less than $50,000, voters under 30 years of age and non-white voters.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating, progressive condition associated with memory and cognitive disturbances, mood swings and behavioral changes, and the quality of life reduction (1). AD is the most common cause of dementia in person older than 65 years, with 1 in 10 older than 65 years afflicted and half among those older than 85 years afflicted. More than 4.5 million persons are currently affected in the United States by AD, and is expected to nearly triple by the year 2050 in the absence of preventive treatments (2). AD is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles (3). Patients with AD have increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau protein and decreased CSF levels of β-amyloid. Although, patients with AD experience significant elevations in CSF tau levels, CSF tau levels have been shown to remain stable over extended periods of time (4). Several neurotransmitter systems are pathologically altered in AD. Cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert degenerate early in the course of the disease. These neurons provide wide spread projections to the association cortices, and loss of acetlycholine is the mechanistic basis for cholinesterase inhibition in AD treatment. Glutamatergic function also is disregulated in AD, with inhibition of the pathological stimulation of the NMDA receptor providing the scientific rationale for the mechanism of the noncompetitive glutamate antagonist, memantine. In addition to the atrophy of the basal forebrain cholinergic system, marked neuronal loss occurs within the locus ceruleus and the raphe nucleus in AD (5). Significant reduction of norepinephrine in the temporal cortex occur in AD and correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment (6). Disturbances in serotonin metabolism also have been reported in AD (7). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved 5 drugs (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) for the treatment of AD (8). None of these treatments have been shown to modify the disease process in patients with AD, but they provide benefit to the patient, family, and caregivers by slowing the patient's progressive decline. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to activate the locus ceruleus (9) and to increase norepinephrine (10) output into the basolateral amygdala and hippocampus in animal models. Activation of the raphe nucleus with VNS also has been recently demonstrated (11). Merill et al reported cognitive-enhancing effects of VNS during the first 6 months of treatment in a small pilot study of 10 patients with AD (12). Later, they published a follow-up report including additional 7 patients, with for at least 1 year for all 17 patients. Vagus nerve stimulation method promising new powerful alternative approaches in some neurological disorders especially in the treatment of refractory epilepsy (13). In this clinical research, 14 patients with Alzheimer's disease who were treated with VNS were reviewed and the results were assed in the light of the literature. Only first and second phase of AD patients were included in the study. In total 14 AD patients (7 man and 7 women aged between 68 and 82 year old) participated in this study. Patients were followed up for one year. As soon as each implant was activated (two weeks after the implantation) attention of patients dramatically were improved, progressively going better On the other hand, 3 patients, who had difficulty in speaking along AD, improved by the VNS their talk within 3 months. According to our observed preliminary results, a new therapy potential is arising struggling against Alzheimer diseases


Abstract Background: High-density interconnect (HDI) printed circuit board (PCB) packaging technology has gained greater significance in military and aerospace sectors. Manufacturing with fineline features and the impedance-controlled circuit pattern is a major technical challenge for which several methods have been reported. Aim: Herein, a novel process of HDI PCB fabrication has been presented using liquid photosensitive resist spray coating followed by digital micromirror device (DMD)-based micro-opto-electromechanical direct imaging photolithography to realize fineline circuit pattern. Approach: A fineline HDI circuit has been developed with minimum conductor trace width of <40  μm and spacing from the copper foil (18-μm thickness) cladded to dielectric substrate that comply the requirements of high reliability space electronics packaging. Such fineline conductor features have been exemplified with optical microscopy, SEM, and subjected to micro-sectioning. Results: The resulting undercut values and etched pattern have been found to be excellent. Leveraging the standard test method, the peel strength values of the realised fineline circuit patterns were measured to be more than 1.2  kg  /  cm2 required for high reliability space electronics packaging applications. Conclusions: The output paraments meet the space high-reliability requirements withstanding the stringent environmental conditions of ultra-high vacuum, vibration, and the extreme temperatures for longer durations.


In this study, the recent advances and trends in Cu–Cu hybrid bonding will be investigated. Emphasis is placed on the definition, kinds, advantages and disadvantages, challenges (opportunities), and examples of Cu–Cu bumpless hybrid bonding. Also, some recommendations will be provided.


Excerpt Pneumonic plague is one of the most important pestilential diseases and until recently had the highest fatality rate of any epidemic disease. The more common bubonic plague is acquired by t...


In this paper, the concept of "the optimum virtual topology" for MPI based Parallel FDTD is firstly presented. The Parallel Conformal FDTD code developed by our group earlier was run on a PC cluster with high performance to analyze a new type of PBG microstrip filter structure and a new type of base station antenna. Taking them as examples, the influence of virtual topology schemes on parallel performance of Parallel FDTD is studied in detail. Finally the general rules are presented on how to obtain the highest efficiency of Parallel FDTD algorithm by optimizing MPI virtual topology.


The FSU2H equation of state model, originally developed to describe cold neutron star matter with hyperonic cores, is extended to finite temperature. Results are presented for a wide range of temperatures and lepton fractions, which cover the conditions met in protoneutron star matter, neutron star mergers and supernova explosions. It is found that the temperature effects on the thermodynamical observables and the composition of the neutron star core are stronger when the hyperonic degrees of freedom are considered. An evaluation of the temperature and density dependence of the thermal index leads to the observation that the so-called Γ law, widely used in neutron star merger simulations, is not appropriate to reproduce the true thermal effects, specially when hyperons start to be abundant in the neutron star core. To make finite temperature equations of state easily accessible, simple parameterizations of the thermal index for nucleonic and hyperonic β-stable neutrino-free matter are provided.


SUMMARY The foraminifer Glomospira gordialis (Jones & Parker) occurs in flood proportions over a limited stratigraphical range in the Ampthill Clay, and its horizon provides a useful marker. The incoming represents a significant change in the foraminiferal assemblages, from calcareous to arenaceous forms.


This article explores the localisation of the Big Brother Africa format in the sub-Saharan Africa. It examines the production structures that exist, and the main actors involved in the localisation. It also examines the central factors taken into consideration during the localisation process. The article argues that as the format passes through different stages in the production process, from idea conception to broadcasting, several inputs are ploughed in to suit the cultural specificity of the target audience.


This paper analyzes the significance and necessity of the Conceptual Design of structures,tries to clarify the functions and meaning of Conceptual Design in anti-seismic design through examples,and puts forward measures to improve anti-seismic performance of structures.


This paper provides insights into how Jordanian university students perceive their experiences in learning English through group work activities. A total of 55 students of Mutah University who learn English as a preparation for their TOEFL examination took part in this quantitative study which was carried out in the first semester of the 2019 academic year. The respondents are from different majors, such as Business Administration and International Relations. Data were collected through three sets of questionnaires with a 5 point Likert scale which focused on the learner perspectives regarding the use of group work for English language learning, the student-peer collaboration, and the student-teacher collaboration involved in the group work activities. Descriptive statistics involving frequency counts and percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the majority of the students had positive views regarding the use of group work for language learning. They were also satisfied with the collaboration with their peers and the teacher throughout the group work activities. However, in comparison, the student-peer collaboration is perceived as less positive than the student-teacher collaboration. This study concludes that group work is favoured by the students but for the group work to be successful, their collaborative skills need to be improved.


The recycling of zinc in the Waelz process is an important part of the efficient use of resources in the steel processing cycle. The pyro-metallurgical processing of zinc-containing wastes takes place in a Waelz rotary kiln. Various measured variables are available to monitor the process. The temperature of the kiln-shell is analyzed by an infrared kiln-shell-scanner. In this paper, methods are presented which eliminate external weather-related disturbances on the temperature measured by the kiln-shell-scanner using a weather model and which extend the monitoring of the regularly necessary melting process to remove accretions. For this purpose, an adapted sigmoid estimation is introduced for the melting process, which provides new information about the current process status and a forecast of the further development of the melting process. As an assistance system for the plant operator, this enables an efficient execution of the melting process and reduces downtimes.


Extending the theoretical frameworks of empowerment, design thinking, and Biggs' Presage-Process-Product (3P) model to multidisciplinary inclusive education, this study examines the relationship between the learning outcomes of inclusive project-based learning (PBL) and its impact on young learners' psychological empowerment (PE), learning motivation (LE) and sense of alienation (AL). Quantitative research results demonstrate that participatory PBL can contribute to inclusive education and empower the socioeconomic disadvantaged community in the process. The target group – young learners aged 6–12 years old living in sub-divided flats – perceived their learning more positively and showed a reduced sense of psychological alienation after the engagement in participatory design on their home learning environment. Ninety per cent of participants agreed that the participatory programme has improved the living and learning environment;87.8% of them assented that their overall efficiency of studying and learning has improved. The findings confirmed that participatory design experiences have significant positive impacts on participants' PE and LE, whilst alleviating AL. This research adds knowledge to literature related to holistic competency development, PBL, and design thinking in inclusive education. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Inclusive Education is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


An analytical model is developed for assessment of the steady-state temperature distribution in a wheel undergoing heating in contact with the rail and the brake shoes as well as nonuniform cooling in its periphery. The heat partitioning coefficients in the rail and the brake-shoe contacts with the wheel are incorporated in the model. These heat-partitioning coefficients can be used to evaluate the temperature field in the wheel and the brake shoes. It is shown that the wheel contact temperature is confined to a very thin depth within the surface layer (approximately 6% in the radial direction), but the rest of wheel is at the bulk temperature.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Calathea gentryi H. Kenn., and C. yawankama H. Kenn., both endemic to Amazonian Peru, are described as new. Calathea gentryi occurs in Department Loreto in both Maynas and Alto Amazonas Provinces. Calathea gentryi is characterized by all basal leaves, a single, relatively small (4.5–7 × 1–2.5 cm) narrowly ellipsoid to subcylindric inflorescence of 12 to 19 spirally arranged small (1.1–1.5 × 0.9–1.2 cm) bracts, and three bracteoles per flower pair, two lateral, membranous, and a medial, claviculate, one. Calathea gentryi shares a similar habit and inflorescence morphology with C. barbata Peters. and C. schunkei H. Kenn. Calathea yawankama, known only from the type locality in Department Amazonas, is characterized by the relatively broad (length: width ratio 1.15–2.23:1), all basal leaves, leaves with the blades patterned with a light green band along the midrib adaxially, purple abaxially, and small (2–2.5 × 2–2.7 cm), globose, inflorescence of 12 to18 spirally arranged bracts, the presence of claviculate bracteoles and white flowers. Calathea yawankama shares a similar inflorescence morphology with C. compacta S. Suárez & Galeano and C. pearcei Rusby.


The Matese Regional Park included the northern part of Campania and the southern part of Molise regions. The total area is about 33,000 ha. The institution of the Park was due to its extreme naturalistic and environmental richness, representative of the whole Southern Apennines chain. Unfortunately, the Park institution was not fully understood by local authorities and population as a development opportunity (touristic, agricultural, etc.).


ABSTRACT To be able to collect the reliable data necessary for understanding and modeling various Earth system processes in real catchments, controlled experiments are being conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) within Biosphere2, The University of Arizona. Rainfall experiments have revealed differences in hydrological response between two landscapes within LEO, despite the landscapes' identical design and equipment. In an attempt to discover where the observed differences stem from, we use a full 3D hydrological model (CATchment HYdrology, CATHY) to show the effect of soil water retention on the rainfall-runoff response of these two hillslopes. Keywords Rainfall-runoff response, landscape evolution, soil water retention, soil characteristics, hydrological 3D modeling, Biosphere2


An international interdisciplinary team is carrying out new research in Cueva de Ardales (Ardales, Málaga) and Sima de las Palomas (Teba, Málaga), framed in a General Research Project authorized by the Junta de Andalucía. We present here preliminary data of Neanderthal occupations and related Middle Palaeolithic technology from both cavities.


The study on temporal and spatial variations of soil physical property and nutrient was conducted in Cunninghamia lanceolata stands with different slope positions in 2004 and 2007. Compared with those in 2004,the soil buck density decreased in the upper-slope and slightly increased in the middle-slope and lower-slope; capillary porosity increased and natural water content significantly increased in the three slope; non-capillary porosity,total porosity and capillary moisture increased in the upper-slope and lower-slope and decreased in the middle-slope. There were no significant difference in soil physical property among the three slopes, except for non-capillary porosity in 2004 and capillary moisture in 2007. Compared with those in 2004, the pH value of the three slopes was almost not changed, whereas contents of the soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, hydrolyzable N, available P and available K significantly increased in 2007; the pH value of the three slopes was closed to each other, whereas soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K and hydrolyzable N in the lower-slope and middle-slope were greater than those in the upper-slope in 2004 and 2007. The contents of available P of the three slopes were closed to each other in 2004 and was ordered by the lower-slopethe upper-slope the middle-slope in 2007. Available K was ranked in order of the upper-slope the middle-slope the lower-slope in 2004, while it was greater in the lower-slope and middle-slope than in the upper-slope in 2007. There were significant differences in soil organic matter and most nutrients among the three slopes.


Abstract Thyroprotein was fed to two groups of cows at 1 g/45 kg body weight per day. One group of cows and first-calf heifers received thyroprotein for 5 days each month, and a second group of first-calf heifers received thyroprotein 10 days eash month for 9 mo. Milk yield was increased by .2 kg/day during the 5 days of thyroprotein feeding each month in comparison to the 5 days pretreatment whereas cows not receiving the hormone had an average daily decrease of .33 kg. The highest average daily increase in milk yield occurred during 5 days starting on the 4th day of hormone feeding and continuing through 3 days after its withdrawal and amounted to an increase of .79 kg in comparison to the 5 days pretreatment. The average daily increase in milk production of first-calf heifers fed thyroprotein for 10 days each month for the period starting on the 4th day of thyroprotein feeding and continuing for 3 days after its withdrawal was 1.06 kg in comparison to the 5 days pretreatment. Milk fat tests increased on the 3rd post-treatment day when the hormone was fed for 5 days and on treatment day 8 when it was fed for 10 days. Rectal temperatures of heifers receiving thyroprotein for 10 day of its feeding in comparison to pretreatment values. No significant changes in rectal temperature occurred in cows and heifers fed thyroprotein for 5 days.


The structure of the rat parvalbumin gene has been elucidated from analysis of six overlapping clones isolated from a rat X Charon 4A genomic library. Two of the clones were mapped in detail, and all exons were localized by Southern hybridization using fragments of a full-length parvalbumin cDNA (Epstein, P., Means, A. R., and Berchtold, M. W. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 5886-5891). The rat parvalbumin transcription unit is 15.5 kilobase pairs in length and con- tains four introns. The first intron divides the 5'- nontranslated region, whereas the other three interrupt coding DNA. All intron/extron boundaries were sequenced as was 377 base pairs immediately 5' from the putative transcription initiation site. The promoter region contains eukaryotic regulatory homologies to the "TATA" box at -24 and "CAAT" box at -47 and -156. In addition, two doublets consisting of ll-base pair direct repeats exist in the promoter region. Parvalbumin binds two Ca2*, whereas many other members of the same superfamily bind four. Comparison of the genes that encode these proteins provides a strong confirmation of the hypothesis that parvalbumin evolved from an ancestral gene specifying a four-do- main


Objective To study the effects of Coptis Chinensis extract on the proliferation of HaCaT cells and related mechanisms.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were treated with different concentrations of Coptis Chinensis extract,and cell viability was detected by Trypan staining.Cell morphology changes were observed under optical microscopy.HaCaT cells poliferation were deteced by MTT assay.The mRNA expression changes of keratin 6 and Bcl-2 were separately detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results After incubation with different concentrations(10.46~167.3 μg/mL) of Coptis Chinensis extract for 24 to 72 h,HaCaT cells were inhibited dramatically and the highest inhibition rate was 75.5%.The mRNA expession of keratin 6 and Bcl-2 was down-regulated and its effect was exerted in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions Extract of Coptis Chinensis can inhibit the proliferation of HaCaT cell.It might be related to the down-regulation of keratin 6 and Bcl-2 expression.


Abstract—Stemming methods traces the root or stem of a word that is possibly used for Information retrieval (IR) tasks for increasing the recall rate to enhance most relevant searches. There are numerous ways ranging from manual and automatic, language dependent to language independent of methods available for performing the task of stemming. Those algorithms are designed for the purpose of overcoming the challenges involved with the existing methods. This paper represents a comparative study of various available stemming algorithms widely used to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of information retrieval.


The technology of super concrete retarder is a new research interest in concrete technology.The technology of super concrete retarder is an effective measure to control cold joints and thermal cracking in mass concrete construction in port works marine structures,and civil and industrial works.It is also the effective measure to control the setting time of concrete in concrete construction with slip-form.The paper presents an introduction to a newly developed WH-Ⅱ water-soluble concrete retarder which is a liquid type super retarder for concrete and a discussion on the set retarding mechanism of the new retarder.


[The Slavic languages, with the exception of Bulgarian, in contrast with the languages of western Europe, have preserved the IE nominal inflection but have simplified the verbal system. Russian has gone farthest in this direction. Original auxiliaries in Russian have become particles; all finite verb forms except those of the present tense have been replaced by nominal or participial constructions.]


The article brings to light the paradigm structure of continuous education in the context of individual self-actualization under the conditions of knowledge society development. The article analyzes the ontological peculiarities of socio-cultural phenomenon of complementary vocational education as part of educational paradigm.


The influence of irradiation temperature on the PMMA dosimeter, Radix W, was investigated over the temperature range of 9.5°C to 28°C. From the results of dosimetry tests carried out at three gamma facilities over two years, it was concluded that dose in the range of 5kGy to 150kGy could be determined by one calibration curve to within 7.3%. For doses less than 5kGy, the error exceeded 10%.


A fluid-cooled computer system includes a plurality of heat-generating components and a cooling system configured for supplying a cooling fluid at a controlled cooling fluid flow rate to cool the heat-generating components. A temperature-based cooling control circuit includes a temperature sensor configured for sensing a temperature of the heat-generating components and control logic for increasing a cooling fluid flow rate in response to the temperature exceeding a temperature threshold. A power-based cooling control circuit is configured for identifying and quantifying an increasing power consumption trend over a target time interval and, during a period that the temperature of the electronic device does not exceed the temperature threshold, increasing a cooling fluid flow rate to the electronic device in response to the magnitude of the increasing power consumption trend exceeding a power threshold. In one option, the fluid-cooled computer system is a server and the heat-generating components include a processor.


The paper deals with theoretical and practical problems, connected with identification of certain attributes of unfair competition, on the basis of which the actions of business entities in the sphere of registration and use of exclusive rights to the means of identification of goods, works and services are claimed illegal.Based on case material the author analyzes such attributes as "interchangeability" of goods; contradiction of business entities' actions to the legislature, honesty, reasonableness and equitableness; registration of widely-known labels.


The invention relates to a spout sealing cap automatically-retracting comprising a capsule body (2) with a central orifice (6), a movable spout (3) and a lid (4) rotating that controls the output and erasure of the spout. The cap body (2) includes a chimney (8) which communicates with the spout (3) by a flexible body (9) hollow resiliently deformable, and the cover (4) comprises a sleeve (16) fitted in the chimney ( 8) and having a lateral lumen (18) adapted to be opposite the pipe (10) of the spout.