The fluorescent distribution characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in water of two typical drainage rivers(Dagu and Beitang Drainage Rivers) in Tianjin were analyzed by using three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry.The sources of DOM were explored through examining the fluorescence parameters,which included the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at the fulvic acid-like peak center in ultraviolet(UV) region to that in visible(Vis) region(i.e.,r(A,C)) and the ratio of the fluorescence emission spectral intensity at 450 nm to that at 500 nm when the excitation wavelength was 370 nm(i.e.f450/500).The fulvic acid in UV region,protein-like substance,and humus-like substance in both Vis and UV regions could be detected along the entire Dagu Drainage River except at some midstream points.In general,these detected substances were present more in the upstream and downstream than the midstream.In contrast,these characteristic peaks of DOM in Beitang Drainage River increased from upstream to downstream,but were less than those in Dagu Drainage River.The humic-like substance in UV region contributed most to the DOM in the two drainage rivers.Certain correlation was observed between the fluorescence intensity of DOM and the water quality parameters of the two rivers,while Dagu Drainage River exhibited a relatively higher correlation.Combining the analysis of r(A,C) and f450/500 with the onsite survey on drain outlets along the two rivers,it was found that the DOM in water of the two rivers mainly came from the drain outlets(i.e.land source).Besides,the organic matter released from the river sediments through microbial action also made a certain contribution to the DOM.


High-speed train will produce pantograph arc during the driving process, which is harmful to pantograph-catenary system. In order to reduce pantograph-catenary system damage, a method based on Gray Wolf algorithm to optimize the binary Support Vector Machine classifier to identify pantograph arc is proposed. In this article, 5 groups of pantograph current experiments under different conditions are carried out, and the current data in the pantograph-catenary system under different conditions are measured. The current data state obtained from the pantograph experiments is divided into normal current state and arc current state. Select the mean value, variance, standard deviation, mean value of the first-order difference, and mean value of the second-order difference of the current data as the characteristic value of the pantograph current, and calculate the contribution rate of each characteristic value at the same time, then the current eigenvalue data with a high contribution rate is used as a training sample for learning and recognition through the classifier optimized by Gray Wolf algorithm. The experimental results show that the Gray Wolf optimization algorithm can quickly and accurately identify the pantograph arc, and the classification model obtained is more accurate than the commonly used optimization algorithms such as genetic algorithm and particle swarm. In addition, an engineering implementation of on-line identification of pantograph arc based on industrial computer is proposed.


Numerous studies indicate most of the foreign language learners experience certain level of anxiety and usually they experience anxiety in their speaking skills. Hence, this study examines the speaking anxiety in Chinese Language learning among non-Chinese Beginner learners from University Teknologi MARA (Sarawak). The questionnaire which was developed by Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986) was used in this study. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the scores. The result revealed non-Chinese beginner learners experienced speaking anxiety in Chinese language learning. Majority of them experience a moderate level of speaking anxiety in Chinese language learning. The main factor that contributed to non-Chinese beginner learners' speaking anxiety was communication apprehension. It was followed by test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.


all*the invaluable discoveries that have been made in his science with the microscope, merely because the objects are minute ? What would become of astronomy, if everything was stripped from it that could not be deduced by rough calculation from observations made without telescopes? With such striking examples before us, shall we physical geologists maintain that only rough and imperfect methods of research are applicable to our own science ? Against such an opinion I certainly must protest; and I argue that there is no necessary connexion between the size of an object and the value of a fact; and that, though the objects I have described are minute, the conclusions to be derived from the facts are great."


The invention discloses an alloy for preparing an iron cushion plate for a high-iron buckle. The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 2.4-3.6 percent of C, 1.7-2.8 percent of Si, 1.2-2.0 percent of Cr, 0.8-1.4 percent of Nb, 0.4-1.0 percent of Mo, smaller than or equal to 0.4 percent of Mn, smaller than or equal to 0.08 percent of P+S, 0.03-0.06 percent of Mg, 0.02-0.04 percent of Re and the balance of Fe. Based on QT450-10, the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the hardness of the iron cushion plate are all obviously improved and are dramatically superior to those of the existing products by slightly changing the element formula.


We extend the shape index, introduced by Robbin and Salamon and Mrozek, to locally defined maps in metric spaces. We show that this index is additive. Thus our construction answers in the affirmative two questions posed by Mrozek in [12]. We also prove that the shape index cannot be arbitrarily complicated: the shapes of q -adic solenoids appear as shape indices in natural modifications of Smale's horseshoes but there is not any compact isolated invariant set for any locally defined map in a locally compact metric ANR whose shape index is the shape of a generalized solenoid. We also show that, for maps defined in locally compact metric ANRs, the shape index can always be computed in the Hilbert cube. Consequently, the shape index is the shape of the inverse limit of a sequence {P n ,g n } where P n =P is a fixed ANR and g n =g:P→P is a fixed bonding map.


The anthraquinonyl amino group of the 1, 2′-dianthrimide type, when included in the complex structure of vat dyes, does not cyclise to yield a carbazole structure, with alkali, under the conditions of isoviolanthrone formation; rather, it cleaves to yield an alizarin-type derivative under the conditions of violanthrone formation. The constitution assigned to Indanthrene Gray A (Colour Index No. 60020) has thus been confirmed.


The exposition of folding problem is an important geometric issue in its application. Its essence is about axisymmetry. In working out the problem the knowledge of special figure, the skill of algebra and the idea of conversion should be applied


ABSTRACT The widespread use of biofertilizers, rather than chemical fertilizers, is significantly more likely to accomplish sustainable agriculture production globally. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are chemical-free alternatives to conventional crop protection in agriculture. Pseudomonas spp. are unique among the PGPR genera in terms of root colonization, nitrogen fixation, production of exopolysaccharides, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and phytohormones, solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, biofilm formation, antioxidant activities, stress adaptation abilities, and positive interactions with other microbial communities. They also aid plant development by promoting biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, as well as supporting host plant nutrition. Pseudomonas is regarded as an environmentally acceptable alternative to harmful chemical fertilizers because of its active growth-promoting actions. However, to achieve this goal, workers must first get a complete understanding of the numerous processes used by Pseudomonas, allowing them to fully exploit the bacteria potential in the future. Therefore, the present review has been undertaken to discuss the fundamental processes used by Pseudomonas spp. to promote plant development and reduce environmental stresses. In addition, we described some reported Pseudomonas-based biofertilizers worldwide and the presence of potential genes in the genome of different Pseudomonas strains to understand the mechanism of Pseudomonas mediated plant growth promotion at the molecular level.


Carbon nanotubes were successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method which used the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as carbon source and NiO powder as catalysts. The experiment was carried out by heating catalyst at 450°C for 0.5 h and synthesized CNTs at 750°C for 1-5 h in tube furnace using the LPG rates of 5-20 ml/min. The product was characterized by carbon yield product, SEM, TEM, Raman, XRD and the electrical resistivity. It was found that the yield product increased with increasing the synthesis of time and the mean diameter in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm. The optimum condition of the synthesis of CNTs was found at LPG flow rate of 10 ml/min, synthesis time of 4 h and obtained the electrical resistivity of 0.62 Ω.cm.


Gentrification changes the landscape and the cultural makeup of a city by increasing property values and changing consumption patterns. Since the late 1980s, gentrification has challenged the residential and small business community of Harlem, New York. Guided by the rent gap theory and the consumption-side theory, the purpose of this case study was to explore how small business leaders can compete with demographical changes brought by gentrification. A purposive sample of 20 Harlem small business owners operating during the city's gentrification participated in interviews. Interview interpretations were triangulated with government documents and periodicals to bolster the trustworthiness of the final report. These findings may contribute to positive social change by informing the strategies employed by small business owners who are currently facing gentrification.


Female rats were injected with 8 or 16 IU of pregnant mares serum gonadotropin (PMS) at 29 or 30 days of age. The primary effect of PMS seems to be initiation of ovarian development. On the first or second day following PMS injection 15 or 20 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were administered. Upon injection of HCG on the first day after PMS ovulation was induced in 100% of the animals. The ovulation was precocious since after PMS injection a normal course of preovulatory follicular development in prepuberal rats takes about 48 hours. A greater number of oocytes were ovulated in the animals which had been administered the larger PMS dose. While 56% of the animals treated with HCG on Day 1 mated 95% of those treated on Day 2 mated. Neither implantation sites nor blastocysts were found in the uteri of mated animals inected with HCG on Day 1 but 82% of the rats injected on Day 2 were found to have uterine implantation sites on the tenth day after detection of vaginal sperm. Thus after the time of ovulation and mating were advanced by 24 hours no evidence of normal pregnancy was seen. Since all the events studied were initiated by PMS injection alterations in follicular processes are believed to be associated with the absence of pregnancy. For a successful pregnancy synchronization of oocyte maturation and follicular development seems to be necessary.


The invention discloses a damping device of an automobile seat. The damping device comprises a first frame body fixed to a cushion of the automobile seat, a second frame body fixed to a fixed base of the automobile seat, and a damping body. The damping device is characterized in that the damping body comprises first main damping bodies and second main damping bodies. The front ends of one set of main damping bodies are fixed to the first frame, the back ends of one set of main damping bodies are fixed to the second frame, the front ends of the other set of main damping bodies fixed to the second frame, and the back ends of the other set of main damping bodies are fixed to the first frame. The damping device of the automobile seat enables drivers and passengers to be comfortably seated on the seat, and reduces bumping.


ABSTRACT In this article, we identify and describe the sequential order-of-entry problem. The sequential order-of-entry problem arises when, after having identified a desirable set of country markets to enter, firms are unable (because of budgetary constraints), or unwilling (because of possible learning or strategic issues), to enter all at once. The question then arises whether some sequences to entering the desirable set of country markets are better than others? Answering this question is shown to be nontrivial. The article outlines a number of arguments for the existence of superior sequences to entering a set of desirable country markets, and develops normative and dynamic frameworks to aid in the identification and evaluation of sequences.


Honey bee, Apis mellifera L., queens were inseminated with semen that had been stored in liquid nitrogen (−196°C). Daughters (F1 queens) were produced, and eggs from these F1 queens were measured for viability. All eggs were kept in an incubator (35°C, 50 to 70% RH) for their entire developmental period. The percent mortality of fertilized eggs (F2) in one test group differed significantly ( P < 0.05) from controls (mean [$\bar x$] ± SD was 5.6 ± 5.0% for eggs in the test group and 2.6 ± 1.5% for controls). No significant differences were found between test and control eggs in another unrelated group of fertilized eggs or between test and control eggs that were not fertilized. In a survey of fertilized eggs in 46 normal colonies of bees near Baton Rouge, La., the mean mortality was 7% and the median was 5%. Unfertilized (haploid) eggs had a consistently higher mortality rate than fertilized (diploid) eggs. A typical group of queens, 12 producing fertilized eggs and 12 others producing unfertilized eggs, averaged 5.0 ± 5.0% ($\bar x$ ± SD) mortality for fertilized eggs and 18.4 ± 9.8% for unfertilized eggs.


In his edition of 4QLam in DJD XVI, F. M. Cross found a significant and otherwise unattested variant for a much-discussed crux, reading הוגירני יהוה, "YHWH frightened me (√יגר)," instead of הוגה יהוה "YHWH has afflicted (√יגה)". However, close inspection of the manuscript indicates that the verb should actually be read הוגיאני; Cross incorrectly identified an ʾalef as a resh. Furthermore, I argue that the reading in 4QLam attests to the more primitive reading הוגיעני יהוה, from which the others developed, though this reading is not actually found in any extant manuscript. This means that instead of a text that originally read, "YHWH afflicted (me)," as many previous translations have concluded, or "YHWH frightened me," as Cross suggested, one finds a text that said, "YHWH wearied me."


We develop a procedure for calculating P-values associated with the Fu statistic for an ANOVA with unequal variances. The computational procedure is based on the fact that can be expressed as a weighted average P-value from chi square tests , with weights equalling the likelihood of the true population variances given their sample estimates. The procedure to obtain the weighted average is calculation intensive and is best implemented by computer. Software to carry out the procedure is available from the authors.


Men's rape myth acceptance (RMA; prejudiced beliefs that serve to exonerate the rapist and blame the victim) has been shown to correlate positively with self-reported rape proclivity (RP). To explore the causal pathway underlying this correlation, two experiments were conducted in which the relative cognitive accessibility of RMA and RP was varied. Male students were asked to report their RP in the context of a scale assessing attraction toward sexual aggression (Experiment 1) or in response to five realistic date-rape scenarios (Experiment 2), either before or after they filled out a 20-item RMA scale. In both studies, the correlation of RMA and RP was significantly greater in the after than in the before condition, suggesting that the belief in rape myths has a causal influence on men's proclivity to rape. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic injury is a rare occurrence in pediatric trauma, with blunt pancreatic trauma reported in only 0.3% of cases.1 Both operative and conservative management strategie...


Purpose
Digital transformation becomes the future path for all organizations. Organizations are in need to progress the technology in the event of rapid environmental changes in all aspects. This implies the essential need to adapt to these changes, not only to benefit from the vast opportunities it offers yet even to stay relevant in this instability, complexity, uncertainty and vagueness environment. This paper aims to examine the impact of different variables such as disruptive change, technological process innovation and industry 4.0 (I4.0) on digital transformation. It helps identify the different capabilities needed for digitalization and digital maturity, identify the supporting methods for adopting different technologies and offer answers to overwhelmed those challenges and obstacles resulting in this environment.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was used in conducting this research, whereas a questionnaire survey strategy was used for this investigation. In total, 450 participants have been surveyed from three major private mining organizations in the Jordanian context. Structural equation modeling was used for the analysis stage and hypotheses testing.

Findings
The results of the analysis revealed that support the direct impact of the event of disruptive change, technological process innovation on digital transformation. In addition, the results showed that there is a positive direct impact of the event of disruptive change on technological process innovation. While I4.0 was found to moderate the relationship between the event of disruptive change and digital transformation.

Practical implications
Decision-makers are responsible for directing their organization toward digitalization. This transformation needs capabilities that help organizations in competing and survive in this challenging environment. That is, it is essential to increase process innovation and moving toward more adoption of I4.0. However, the event of disruptive change should be considered as a motivation for the organizations rather than an obstacle. Moreover, different populations, methods and other variables that may affect digitalization may generate novel insights in further research.

Originality/value
Theoretically, novel insights into the event of the disruptive change and its implications have been added to the literature. The models used in the current examination provide new directions for understanding and studying digital transformation and organizational capabilities that are needed for transformation. From the managerial perspective, these findings enhance understanding of practices in which the event of disruptive change supports innovation and highlight the values added through recommending more adopting of I4.0 applications to yield more innovative harvests.


Objective: To characterize dynamic response of Epoxy composites reinforced with optimally treated Luffa Cylindrica fibres and Silicon Carbide particulates. Methods: Hand Lay-up technique is used for composite fabrication. Two layer of Luffa Cylindrica fibres and 0% to 7% by weight, as decided by Central Composite Design of Experimental technique, of Silicon Carbide particulates are reinforced. The composites are subjected to Dynamic Mechanical Analysis with temperature ramped from 26°C to 160°C and 1Hz frequency. Findings: About 2300 MPa high storage modulus is noticed within temperature range of 30°C to 70°C. Low loss modulus of 282.35 MPa is observed for composites with 3.5wt% Silicon Carbide at glass transition temperature of 80°C. Improvement: Inclusion of Silicon Carbide particulates has yielded lower damping ratio and higher thermal stability of 95.62°C. *Author for correspondence


Pesticide residues and heavy metals were analysed in both fresh tender coconut water (FTCW) (n = 161) and packaged tender coconut water (PTCW) (n = 126) samples collected from three southern states of India [Andhra Pradesh (AP), Kerala (KL), and Tamil Nadu (TN)]. A method validated in the laboratory using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for pesticide residues, while heavy metals were analysed using a validated method of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Significant differences in heavy metal concentrations were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test (between different varieties collected 'within' and 'among' states). FTCW samples [n = 9 (6%)] collected from TN showed Monocrotophos and Malathion residues in the range of 1.0 µg L–1 to 51.6 µg L–1 and 0.5 µg L–1 to 0.6 µg L–1, respectively, while they were detected in n = 5 (4%) of the PTCW samples at a range of 0.90 µg L–1 and 0.82 µg L–1 to 1.56 µg L–1. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and stannum (Sn) were detected in different varieties collected from all three states. Some of the PTCW samples also contained traces of Cd, Cr, cobalt (Co), and Pb. Arsenic (As) was found in one sample from KL, while none of the samples was contaminated with mercury (Hg). The present study accentuates the need for fixing standards for the pesticide residues in coconut water.


Forested regions are of global importance for a multitude of ecosystem functions and services and are critical for biodiversity. Anthropogenic climate‐change compounds negative effects of land‐use change on forest persistence and forest‐dependent biodiversity. Habitat loss and climate change have an additive effect and drive species' extinctions in similar ways, resulting in a homogenization of biodiversity. Connectivity is key in conservation planning for mitigating climate change effects and facilitating species' abilities to disperse throughout remnant habitat and track their climate niches. We used three forest‐specialized and habitat‐specific bird species as focal species to understand avian connectivity and conservation of each of South Africa's three threatened forest classes, as each species is range‐restricted to its respective forest type.


The popularization of marxism is in common with the ideological guidance of youth. On the basis of the logic relation between sorting out, find the current main problems of youth ideological and leading the work, and then analysis the popularization of marxism youth ideological and lead the work in a firm ideal faith, improve the team construction, strengthen the consciousness of innovation, pay attention to personal development provide guidance on the four dimensions, and condensed firm faith to education, the task with high quality and explorations in a new era of successor.


Device variability in power consumption (e.g., sleep, active) and performance (e.g., frequency) is expected to continue to increase in the orders of magnitude over the next decades. In order to be opportunistic and account for hardware variability, designers must build an adaptive hardware/software stack that will efficiently manage the underlying hardware resources. This paper makes several contributions: 1) We propose a first-of-its-kind Hardware-assisted Variability-aware Memory Virtualization (VaMV) layer that allows pro-grammers/applications to partition their address space into regions with different power, performance, and fault-tolerance guarantees (e.g., map look-up tables into low-power fault-tolerante space or pixel data in low-power non-fault-tolerant space). VaMV adapts to the underlying hardware and virtualizes the memory hierarchy, while opportunistically exploiting techniques such as voltage scaling to reduce on-chip power consumption and power consumption variability present in off-the-shelf off-chip memories. 2) To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to explore the notion of variability-aware policy-driven memory allocation for distributed on-chip and off-chip memories. 3) We propose a proof-of-concept hardware-module called VaMVi-sor, which allows us to minimize the overheads incurred by virtualization and dynamic allocation of the memory space. Finally, 4) We define an API to facilitate the creation and management of virtual ScratchPad Memories (vSPMs) and virtual Off-chip Memories (vOMs). Our experimental results on a set of benchmarks (Mediabench I/II and CHStone) show that our approach is capable of reducing dynamic power consumption by 63% on average while reducing total execution time by an average of 45%.


PURPOSE
To compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine, Persica mouthwash and electric toothbrushes in improving gingival enlargement in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seventy-two orthodontic patients with at least two sites of gingival enlargement were randomly allocated into four equal groups: 1) manual toothbrush; 2) electric toothbrush; 3) manual toothbrush+Persica mouthwash; 4) manual toothbrush+chlorhexidine mouthwash. All participants were instructed to brush their teeth at least twice a day. The subjects in groups 3 and 4 were instructed to use Persica or chlorhexidine according to the respective manufacturer's instructions. Bleeding on probing (BOP) index, gingival index (GI), O'Leary's plaque index (PI) and constructed hyperplastic index (HI) of all the subjects were measured in a blind manner at the start of the study and 2 weeks later. Changes of indices in the entire oral cavity and individual affected teeth were analysed with SPSS 16 using chi-square, ANOVA, ANCOVA, LSD and the paired t-test.

RESULTS
In the entire oral cavity, there was a statistically significant improvement in indices in all the groups except for HI, which significantly improved only in group 4 (p=0.001). Data of individual teeth with hyperplastic gingiva showed significant reduction of all the variables except for HI in group 1 (p=0.08). No significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 or between groups 3 and 4.

CONCLUSION
The efficacy of Persica was similar to that of chlorhexidine in improving gingival conditions. None of the treatment modalities could reduce gingival enlargement to the clinically acceptable level of health.


Mucoviscidosis a frequent hereditary disease. This article presents an analysis of clinical and immunological effectiveness of low-intensity laser radiation in patients with cystic fibrosis at the age of 4 to 11 years. These data suggest a high efficiency of immunotherapy and recommend this method of treatment to be included in the rehabilitation program of patients with mucoviscidosis.


Based on a well-known Lie algebra, the multicomponent Guo hierarchy with self-consistent sources is proposed. With the help of a set of non-semisimple Lie algebra, the nonlinear bi-integrable couplings of the multicomponent Guo hierarchy with self-consistent sources are obtained. It enriches the content of the integrable couplings of hierarchies with self-consistent sources. Finally, the Hamiltonian structures are worked out by employing the variational identity.


Surface and bulk changes in a Nafion membrane as a result of IL-cation doping (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate or BMIM+BF4 and phenyltrimethylammonium chloride or TMPA+Cl−) were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements performed with dry samples after 24 h in contact with the IL-cations BMIM+ and TMPA+. IL-cations were selected due to their similar molecular weight and molar volume but different shape, which could facilitate/obstruct the cation incorporation in the Nafion membrane structure by proton/cation exchange mechanism. The surface coverage of the Nafion membrane by the IL-cations was confirmed by XPS analysis and contact angle, while the results obtained by the other two techniques (DSC and IS) seem to indicate differences in thermal and electrical behaviour depending on the doping-cation, being less resistive the Nafion/BMIM+ membrane. For that reason, determination of the ion transport number was obtained for this membrane by measuring the membrane or concentration potential with the samples in contact with HCl solutions at different concentrations. The comparison of these results with those obtained for the original Nafion membrane provides information on the effect of IL-cation BMIM+ on the transport of H+ across wet Nafion/BMIM+ doped membranes.


Abstract This paper examines the causal relationship between financial development and investment in Botswana between 1976 and 2014. The autoregressive distributed-lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and a trivariate Granger-causality model are employed. In order to capture the breadth and depth of the financial sector in the study country, both bank- and market-based financial development indices are used. The results show that there is a bidirectional Granger-causal relationship between both bank-based and market-based financial development and investment in the short run. In the long run, a distinct causal flow is found to prevail only from investment to bank-based financial development. Given the findings, the causal relationship between financial development and investment is not a given as implied in economic literature. For Botswana, policies that enhance both investment and market-based financial development should be employed in the short run.


The algebraic aspect of the Nielsen theory deals with the problem of computation for Nielsen number. By many mathematicians, this problem has been solved. B. J. Jiang ([5]) introduced the mod K Nielsen number NK(f) of a selfmap 7 : A -. A of a compact polyhedron A, where K is a normal subgroup of the fundamental group 7I"1(A) such that TAK) C K for the induced homomorphism 77r : 71"1 (A) -. 71"1 (A). H. Schirmer ([7]) also introduced the relative Nielsen number N(f; X, A) for a selfmap f : (X, A) -. (X, A) of a compact polyhedral pair. The purpose of this paper is the introduction of the relative mod K ( = kernel of the induced homomorphism i 7r : 7I"1(A) -. 7I"1(X) of the inclusion map i: A -. X) Nielsen number NK(fjX,A) for the selfmap f : (X, A) -. (X, A) of a compact polyhedral pair using the above two Nielsen numbers. The definition is in §1. In §2, we show that the relative mod K Nielsen number NK(f;X,A) has basic properties like the relative Nielsen number N(f; X, A). Now let q : E -. B be a fibration in which E, B and all fibres are compact connected ANR's and let f : E -. E be a fibre preserving map inducing selfmaps f B on B and !b on the fibre Fb over some fixed point b in the base. Jiang ([5]) and C. Y. You ([10]) introduced the product formula N(f) = N(fB)· N(fb) for the fibration and showed the conditions under which the formula holds. In §3, we study the new product formula and show the conditions that the new formula holds.


Writing argumentative essays becomes a challenge for both teachers and students as it relates to various aspects. One of them is on the teaching and learning of critical thinking skills comprising the awareness to avoid logical flaws. The real reflection of critical thinking can be traced through students' ability to express their thought in the form of arguments which have no logical flaws. Good arguments must be supported by convincing claims and careful choice of wordings which is free from fallacious statements. This paper identifies the fallacious statements or logical flaws occurring in the argumentative writing of the students of an Islamic University in Indonesia. The findings show the faulty reasoning found in terms of the discussion on the topics, the flawed relations with the audience, and the relations with the characters involved in the arguments. The types of the logical flaws also concern the claims expressed. On claims of fact, the fallacies found include hasty generalization, irrelevancy, slippery slope, oversimplification and begging the question. Regarding pathos, the fallacy type covers ad populum, appeal to emotion premises and red herring. Meanwhile, the ethos fallacy occurs in straw man only. On claims of value, more faulty reasoning is found compared to the discussion on the topics which are considered less familiar. In the logos fallacy for instance, the whole types of fallacy are found. The pathos found involves appeal to emotion premises and red herring, while the ethos fallacy occurs in appeal to authority and ad hominem. On claims of policy, the similar tendency of ethos is also found while the pathos existing is in the form of appeal to emotion premises. Therefore, it is recommended that the students develop their critical thinking skills which involve constructing logical and flawless reasoning. Keywords: logical flaws, critical thinking, logos, ethos, pathos


An empirical analysis of the Constitution of the United States of America with data generated through quantitative and mixed methods is dynamically explored through social networks visual software. The two methods for generation of data consist of: a) experimental quantitative methodology using Microsoft Words for Windows organizational chart functions and, b) mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology using narrative content analysis with Program for Computer Assisted Coding of Events (PC-ACE). The data generated explored through social network analysis using Pajek software.


The present study was carried out to investigate the accumulation profile of heavy metals in five fish species namely; Heterotis nil oticus, Channa obscura, Hepsetus odoe, Tilapia zill i and Clarias gariepinus. Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Cd, and Pb were measured in all the samples analysed. Ni, Co and Cr however, recorded 80, 60 and 20% incidence respectively in the fish samples. The highest mean concentration, 110.56±0.86 mg/kg was recorded for Cu in Hepsetus odoe. Ni, Co, and Cr measur ed rel atively lower concentrations from as low as <0.01 mg/kg, <0.005 mg/kg and <0.001 mg/kg respectively been their respective detection limits. The least det ectable concentr ation, 0.08±0.01 mg/kg was measured for Pb in Clarias gariepinus. Most of the heavy metals were within the recommended maximum guidelines. The concentration of Cu measured in all the samples however, exceeded the FAO maximum limit of 30 mg/kg. Similarly, the concentration of Mn measured in all the fish samples exceeded the WHO limit of 0.5 mg/L in drinking water. All the concentrations measured for Pb, were below the FAO limit of 0.5 mg/kg except 0.94±0.30 mg/kg, measured in Hepsetus odoe which exceeded the limit. The mean of the total concentration of each metal in all the samples indicate that the concentrations of the heavy metals in the samples are generally well below and or within the respective recommended guidelines. Thus fish species from the Densu river, harvested at Nsawam are safe for human consumption.


This paper investigates gradient recovery schemes for data defined on discretized manifolds. The proposed method, parametric polynomial preserving recovery (PPPR), does not require the tangent spaces of the exact manifolds, and they have been assumed for some significant gradient recovery methods in the literature. Another advantage of PPPR is that superconvergence is guaranteed without the symmetric condition which has been asked in the existing techniques. There is also numerical evidence that the superconvergence by PPPR is high curvature stable, which distinguishes itself from the others. As an application, we show its capability of constructing an asymptotically exact \textit{a posteriori} error estimator. Several numerical examples on two-dimensional surfaces are presented to support the theoretical results and comparisons with existing methods are documented.


Experiments to determine the effect of rotations on certain corn root infesting insects have been under way in Illinois since 1928. The experiment field at Carthage, Ill., has had a 3-year rotation of Corn, corn, oats and sweet clover. This rotation has not controlled the Corn root worm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say). The rotation has been abandoned because of serious root worm damage.


This paper reviews the difficulties encountered when attempting to study social change by comparing data from successive censuses, and describes a system designed to provide integrated online access to data from the 1971, 1981 and 1991 Censuses in Great Britain at http://census.ac.uk/cdu/lct/.


In the development of statistics, there are two views of parameters, namely frequentist and Bayesian. In Bayesian, the parameter is a random variable, not a constant like a frequentist view. The research aims to estimate the function or model of household consumption agrees using the Bayesian method. The data used in this study are GDP (y) and household consumption (x) at constant prices (2000) for the 1983Q1 - 2016Q4 period sourced from the Statistics-Indonesia. This study results that the Bayesian regression modeling of the household consumption function agrees with Zellner's previous use. The income coefficient in this model is significant and gets a marginal propensity to consume the value of 0.5702. This implies that more than half of people's income is used for consumption purposes.


By analyzing environmental resources,economy and social stability,it can be drawn that calamity research and its development has help to improve national comprehensive strength,promote social stability,promote the support ability of disaster prevention and the reduction ability to improve resource environment.Meanwhile,the article mainly probes the illumination and enlightenment respect of sustainable development of our country in the calamity,helps us to establish the correct calamity view,and improve our understanding of the environment.The research on the illumination of calamity has important enlightenment to instructing us to carry on the disaster prevention and reduction work in the sustainable development meaning.


The shoulder is the most frequently dislocated joint in the body (6). Ninety-five per cent of all its dislocations are anterior. Certain rare dislocations—superior, inferior, and intrathoracic (9)—and osterior dislocations account for the remainder. The latter constitute approximately 2 per cent of the total. The lowest incidence reported is just under 1 per cent, in a series reviewed by Ellerbrolk and cited by Dardel (Thomas, 11). Ellerbrolk is said to have seen only 4 instances in 404 cases of shoulder dislocation. The highest incidence, 3.78 per cent, is reported by McLaughlin (7), who saw a total of 22 cases in a series of 581 dislocations involving the shoulder joint. Wilson and McKeever (14) found 4 examples in 260 cases of shoulder dislocation. In fifteen years at Massachusetts General Hospital (15), there were 5 instances in 200 shoulder dislocations, an incidence of 2.5 per cent, or about one case every three years. Posterior shoulder dislocation thus accounts for such a small percentage in most ...


There is no agreement on how best to measure electoral bias. The prevailing view in Britain and Australia is that it is probably impossible – Maley, for example, says that "the very attempt is futile for bias in a set of electoral boundaries is a random variable, not subject to precise measurement." (Maley 1982). The US attitude is quite different. Redistribution of electoral district boundaries in the US is often a bare-knuckle competition, involving public discussion of the partisan advantages of particular boundary options, participation by academic political scientists and appeals as far as the Supreme Court (see for example Dixon 1968, Grofman and King 2007 and McDonald 2009). The outcome in the US is that most seats are safe and "the vast majority of elections are decided the day the district maps are drawn" (Whitman 2010).


Building energy modelling (BEM) is crucial for achieving energy conservation in buildings, but occupant energy-related behaviour is often oversimplified in traditional engineering simulation methods and thus causes a significant deviation between energy prediction and actual consumption. Moreover, the conventional fixed schedule-setting method is not applicable to the recently developed data-driven BEM which requires a more flexible and data-related multi-timescales schedule-setting method to boost its performance. In this paper, a data-based schedule setting method is developed by applying K-medoid clustering with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dimensional reduction and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance measurement to a comprehensive building energy historical dataset, partitioning the data into three different time scales to explore energy usage profile patterns. The Year–Month data were partitioned into two clusters; the Week–Day data were partitioned into three clusters; the Day–Hour data were partitioned into two clusters, and the schedule-setting matrix was developed based on the clustering result. We have compared the performance of the proposed data-driven schedule-setting matrix with default settings and calendar data using a single-layer neural network (NN) model. The findings show that for the data-driven predictive BEM, the clustering results-based data-driven schedule setting performs significantly better than the conventional fixed schedule setting (with a 25.7% improvement) and is more advantageous than the calendar data (with a 9.2% improvement). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a data-related multi-timescales schedule matrix setting method based on cluster results of building energy profiles can be more suitable for data-driven BEM establishment and can improve the data-driven BEMs performance.


In this paper, we study a state feedback supervisory control of timed discrete event systems (TDESs) with infinite number of states modelled as timed automata. To this end, we represent a timed automaton with infinite number of untimed states (called locations) by a finite set of conditional assignment statements. Predicates and predicate transformers are employed to finitely represent the behaviour and specification of a TDES with infinite number of locations. In addition, the notion of clock regions in timed automata is used to identify the reachable states of a TDES with an infinite time space. For a real-time specification described as a predicate, we present the controllability condition for the existence of a state feedback supervisor that restricts the behaviour of the controlled TDES within the specification.


Avascular necrosis (AVN) also referred to as osteonecrosis (ON) refers to inadequate perfusion to bone tissue resulting in death or necrosis of the bone. Although many known risk factors and etiologies exist, 20%-40% of AVN cases are idiopathic (1). There have been reported cases of osteonecrosis secondary to Covid-19 infection. However, these cases are typically attributed to the steroids used in the treatment plan of the viral infection. Here, we describe a case of idiopathic osteonecrosis attributed to a Covid-19 infection where the patient was not treated with steroids. We discuss a possible relationship between AVN and the cardiovascular system that may reflect an underlying cause contributing to avascular necrosis and Covid-19.


Faculty teaching in accredited graduate programs of community health education in U.S. universities were surveyed by mail to determine which articles published during the 1970's they would recommend that their colleagues read. The suggested readings were collected and abstracted and are presented herewith in annotated bibliographic form. The second phase of the study, a comparable survey of field practitioners, is being analyzed for a future issue of the journal.


AbstractThe history of the National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies, which traces its lineage from the bodies set up by Nehru, and its current research programme are reviewed. Activity centres on the history and philosophy of science and technology, the effects of scientific progress on society and attempts to model these changes, and the diffusion of technology through society. More recent programmes include studies of the management of resources and of research and development.


Basketball" training camp" activity follows the traditional summer camp activity patterns,and according to the characteristics of the project it evolves into an extending basketball general events as an important form.In this paper,according to the nature of the business activities,task and time differences in organizational form of China's basketball training camp for the aim of classifying;it summarizes common characteristics of basketball training camp activity.


Christian Zionism is a complex, controversial and deeply influential movement. In particular, it impacts US foreign policy in the Middle East as well as strengthens the Israeli right-wing. The influence of evangelicals upon the development of Zionism has, however, been consistently underestimated. An exhaustive survey of published works also confirms the relatively undeveloped nature of research in this field. Consequently the assumption, made by advocates as well as critics, that Christian Zionism is synonymous with Evangelicalism has remained largely uncontested. This thesis challenges this assumption through an examination of the
historical roots, theological basis and political ramifications of the movement. Chapter 2 traces its historical development since 1800 and transition from British sectarianism to mainstream American Evangelicalism. Chapter 3 assesses seven basic theological tenets that distinguish the various strands within the Christian Zionist movement: an ultra-literal and futurist hermeneutic; a belief that the Jews remain God's chosen people; Restorationism and the return of the Jews to Palestine; the justification of Eretz Israel; the centrality of
Jerusalem as the Jewish capital; the expectation that the Temple will be rebuilt; and a pessimistic apocalyptic eschatology. Chapter 4 focuses on the political consequences of this theology and the way in which Christian Zionists bolster the pro-Israeli lobby; facilitate aliyah; sustain the West Bank settlements; lobby for international recognition for Jerusalem; promote the rebuilding of the temple; and oppose a peaceful settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict. A literature analysis of primary historical and contemporary sources as
well as interviews together with unpublished correspondence have been used to identify the dominant themes which both define as well as distinguish variant forms of contemporary Christian Zionism. Published findings arising from this thesis have already contributed to the international debate on the significance of Christian Zionism. It is hoped that this thesis will stimulate further research and form the basis for constructive dialogue between proponents and critics in the future.


The bond problem between steel tubes and concrete is increasingly concerned by more and more construction engineers and managers.Many experiments have been made at home and abroad,most of which are about bond strength,but the bond stress-slip relationship has got less attention.At present,concrete and steel's constitutive relations are comparatively clear,but the bond stress-slip equation is uncertain.In this paper,the equations of stress of steel tubes,bond stress,and relative slip of steel tubes and concrete are deduced through theoretical analyses,and mathematical model of bond stress-slip relationship is established,which may be contribute to the further analysis of bond-slip relationship of concrete filled steel tubes.


This paper discusses laboratory production of an extremely large-beta (β∼103) plasma, termed ELB plasma, over an extended volume of 0.5m3. The plasma β can be varied from <1 to values as large as 103, thereby allowing us to study physical processes through a large range of β. Desired β values are achieved by tailoring the ambient magnetic field by compensating fields over time scales far less than the plasma confinement time. We observe that during this compensation, the magnetic field penetration from the wall to the plasma occurs at Whistler speed. The Whistler mode is accompanied by excitation of electrostatic ion wave. We have shown that the diamagnetism of the ELB plasma is considerably modified essentially through the effect of finiteness of electron Larmor radius (rLe) in the force equilibrium. Application of these results to the space plasma is pointed out.


Different emphasis on care or justice differentiates the gender of male and female in some arguments.Care Ethics,born out of women's right movements,is tightly bound with the female as the antithesis of male.Actually,care and justice do not manifest in the division of labor between male and female.


Deference must not be carried to the point of relieving the government of the burden which the Charter places on ii of demonstrating that the limits ii has imposed on guaranteed rights an: reasonable and justifiable. Parliament has its role: to choose the appropriate response to social problems within the limiting framework of the Constitution. But the courts also have a role: lo determine, objectively and impartially, whether Parliament's choice falls within the limiting framework of the Constitution. The courts are no more permitted


Transformer balun type which comprises an inductive primary circuit (L1) and an inductive secondary circuit (L2) housed inside a further inductive winding (L3) connected in parallel across the secondary circuit and inductive coupling with the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.


The battle of the Olympian gods against the Giants, prominent in sculpture dedicated to Athena's cult in classical Athens,1 was also the canonical theme for the textiles offered to the goddess during the Panathenaic festival: the peplos robe that was woven annually as well as the quadrennial peplos tapestry.2 Focussing on Athena's aristeia, the imagery of the Gigantomachy transformed these cultic textiles into a visual commemoration of the goddess's crucial role in the triumph of the Olympian order. The evidence concerning the depiction of the Gigantomachy on the Panathenaic peploi is unanimous,3 with one glaring exception: Euripides. Both extant allusions to the decoration of the Panathenaic peplos4 in the Euripidean corpus explicitly evoke the Titanomachy rather than the Gigantomachy (Hec. 470–4 and IT 222–4). This anomaly is already discussed by an ancient scholiast, who


This study analyzes the influence of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 tahun 2013, which is the government's efforts in improving the economy of Indonesia through the Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Some of the conclusion obtained from this study is that Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 has positive effect on the survey of MSMEs, the implementation of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 regarding the determination of 1% of gross assist MSMEs in improving their income and capital. First, the MSMEs business operators assign profits to their business of 10-50% of gross, so 1% is not burdensome for businesses. The second conclusion is Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 has positive effect on MSME tax compliance in paying taxes. Application of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2013 brings ease and simplification of tax calculations taxpayer, so the taxpayer MSMEs increasingly easy to calculate and pay their taxes


We report here experimental data for transmission of electromagnetic waves through a variety of softmaterial structures made of plastic tubes and ionic solutions, as compared to that in the free space. The results firmly support the theory on softmaterial waveguides in the environment of ionic solutions. This is a solid step towards a better understanding of the underlying physics for the electrical communication in biosystems through axons and membranes. It also offers valuable insight for further experiments with artificial materials at the nanoscale, and experiments in live animals.


The present invention smartphone wireless charging, and at the same time easy smartphone sterilization commonplace every day and residential school to be in the conference room on smartphones UV disinfection wireless charging module to assist in behavioral improvement of the smartphone, wireless charging module stand the UV germicidal lamp disposed in the form smart phones relates to a UV disinfection module, a wireless charging.


The aim of the present study was to examine how various playing positions and opponent team ranking affect the covered distances and the acceleration and decelerations profile of a team during 2018–2019 greek SuperLeague. statsport gPs system recorded in match-play real-time both the players' covered distances (m) and the number of acceleration/ deceleration runs (n) in zones from 3 m/s2 to 10 m/s2. The descriptive statistics showed that the players' mean covered distances were 10,289 m per match. The MANOVA revealed significant differences of the players' covered distances in all intensity zones in relation to their playing positions (f(12, 513.567) = 41.862; p = 0.000) and the opponent team ranking (F(3,189) = 3.687; p = 0.013). furthermore, no significant interactions were observed between the playing positions and the opponent team ranking (f(12, 500.339) = 1.149; p = 0.318). Moreover, no significant differences were recorded regarding the opponent team ranking with the amount of accelerations (f(1,189) = 0.501; p = 0.480) and decelerations (f(1,189) = 1.342; p = 0.248). summarizing, the current study showed the high-demanding competitive performance of midfielders, full backs and forwards regardless the standing of the opponent teams. hence, the team's training must include special stimuli of aerobic and high-intensity workouts according to the players' playing positions in the match.


Certain aspects of the opportunity structure paradigm were operationalized in a study of delinquent gangs in Chicago. Negro and white lower-class gang boys were compared with lower-class nongang boys from the same neighborhoods, and with middle-class boys, of the same race. The ranking of the six race-by-class-by-gang-status groups on official delinquency rates corresponded more closely to ranking on perceptions of legitimate opportunities than to ranking on perceptions of illegitimate opportunities, which is consistent with the assumption that illegitimate opportunities intervene after legitimate opportunities have been appraised and found wanting. Gang members perceived legitimate opportunities as available less often than nongang boys, lower-class boys, less often than middle-class, and Negro boys, less often than white. Differences in perceptions of illegitimate opportunities were in the reverse direction, as expected. Language: en


India has set targets to achieve universal primary education and with Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) it has been fulfilled. Now with Rashtriya Sarva Siksha Abhiyan(RUSA) its target is to achieve universal higher education. There are something like 700 universities in India, and 35,000 colleges, all devoted to delivering higher education. The total student enrolment of about 23 million translates into a present gross enrolment ratio (GER) of about 19.4%, and the major challenge is to increase this number to around 30% in the next decades. This increase in the GER, given the increase in population, corresponds to around 100 million students, and it is clear that the traditional university system is simply incapable of absorbing this increase. This leads to the question of whether a standard university education is essential, or can we perhaps devise different and more effective models of instruction that can help achieve the desired outcomes? One such direction is "skill development" that has been touted as the need of the day, to see that India can provide the world with a well-trained workforce. The National Vocational Education Qualification Framework (NVEQF) has been set up to ensure this, but the challenges are formidable. The required investment in the infrastructure to provide technical instruction that can lead to such a skilled workforce is largely absent. India is now established National Skill Development Corporation(NSDC). Ironically bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh state has resulted in decline in GER for both Telangana and New Andhra.In combined state AP has GER of 28 where as the newly formed state of AP with 13 districts has only GER 26.The statics for new AP is worked out based on population census, National sample survey, All India Survey on Higher Education, Economic Survey 2015, APSCHE and reports of CII on Higher Education.


As the nation debates the future of our healthcare system, one idea gaining attention is a "Medicare-for-all" single-payer national health insurance plan.


Teaching,research and social service are the three major functions of university,which are of great cohesive significance as to the development of universities.As for local universities,these functions and their educational goals are different from those of research-oriented universities,which are focused on the cultivation of application-oriented talents and emphasize their roles in promoting the local economic and cultural development.The paper is going to explore the development path for the newly-built local universities from the aspects of teaching,academic research and social service.Firstly,teaching organization should be strengthened,namely,local universities should reinforce their teaching and practice to equip students with basic knowledge and skills,as well as their operational abilities and their abilities to do practice.Secondly,academic development involves cooperation,which refers to the integration with local economic development and collaborative innovation.Thirdly,the evaluation index weight of social service should be paid attention to while the promoting and the guiding role of local universities in economic and cultural development should be emphasized.


This paper attempts a conceptual framework consisting of Human resources management practices (supervision, job training, and pay practices), job satisfaction, and turnover, and to explain the relationships among these variables. Job satisfaction plays an important role in employee's turnover because it would lead employee to resign a job when his job satisfaction level is low. This research paper indicates that HRM practices are positively and significantly correlated with job satisfaction. On the other hand HRM practice and job satisfaction are negatively and significantly correlated with the employee turnover. However, the results of HRM practices and job satisfaction are strong predictors of turnover.


Abstract All the harmonic, the diagonal cubic and quartic stretching and the semidiagonal cubic force constants of HCP have been calculated from Hartree-Fock wavefunctions by the force method of Pulay. The force constants are in good agreement with the experimental ones, except for FRR, Faa, FRr, FRaa, and Fraa the latter two being rather uncertain from experiment. From the harmonic force constants, harmonic frequencies have been calculated by the method of Wilson and Eliashevich. The equilibrium geometry of HCP has been calculated by the force relaxation method of Pulay.


In recent years, research has been conducted on digital transformation toward the realization of Society 5.0. Among this research, there has been little research on monitoring that takes advantage of the features of 5G communications. To realize such ultra-real-time monitoring, it is necessary that predict and respond to the movement of the measurement target without large-scale computer simulations. Therefore, we focused on Event-based cameras. Unlike conventional cameras, event-based cameras are inspired by living organisms in which each pixel outputs luminance changes asynchronously and have excellent features such as high time resolution, high dynamic range, low latency, and low power consumption. These features have attracted attention in the fields of robot vision and computer vision, and the system is a compatible solution to realize such monitoring. We have also used topological mapping techniques to deal with various problems, and we are convinced that such an approach will also be effective for Event-based cameras. However, a lot of noise must be dealt with when trying to learn topological structures using Growing Neural Gas (GNG). However, Event-based cameras are, in principle, completely different from conventional cameras and require a novel methodology. Eventbased cameras work well with Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) because of their principle. Therefore, to realize ultra-real-time monitoring, this paper proposes a model to obtain the topological structure of an Event-based camera with noise reduction by using SNN and GNG.


The use of nuclear reactors to generate electrical power for future space missions will require the electrical components used in the power conditioning, control, and transmission subsystem to operate in the associated radiation environments. An initial assessment of neutron irradiation on the electrical and switching characteristics of commercial high power NPN bipolar transistors was investigated. The results clearly show the detrimental effects caused by neutron irradiation on the electrical and switching characteristics of the NPN bipolar power transistor.


The valuation of residential mortgage-backed securities begins with a projection of a subject security's cash flow. The monthly cash flow from the underlying pool of mortgage loans includes three components: (1) scheduled principal payments (also referred to as amortization), (2) interest payments, and (3) any prepayments. Prepayments are any payments made by borrowers that are in excess of the scheduled principal payment. Consequently, the cash flow depends on the prepayment behavior of the borrowers in the mortgage pool. In addition to prepayments, the expected credit performance of the underlying loans must be projected to estimate a residential mortgage-backed securities cash flow. The sharp deterioration in mortgage performance that emerged in late 2006 led to the realization that prepayments and defaults often had related effects on the performance of these securities, even though they represent very different phenomena. As a result, new terminology has emerged to clarify the different circumstances that result in the early return of principal to investors. Understanding the terms used in the market to define prepayments and default experience, as well as the methodologies used to generate these metrics, is important for the following reasons: efficient risk-based pricing at the origination level; evaluation of relative value within the residential mortgage-backed securities sector (as well as across the fixed income universe); effective hedging and management of prepayment and credit risk exposure; and ex post performance attribution.

Keywords:

mortgage-backed securities;
Residential MBS;
agency MBS;
nonagency MBS;
private label MBS;
prepayments;
negative convexity;
defaults;
voluntary;
involuntary prepayments;
conditional prepayment rate;
single monthly mortality rate;
Public Securities Association (PSA) prepayment benchmark;
home equity prepayment;
curve;
manufactured housing prepayment;
conditional default rate;
monthly default rate;
constant prepayment rate


Regeneration proposals typically seek to use a range of physical, economic and social initiatives to tackle inequality and improve areas. Often they attempt to change the image of places, making them more attractive to tourists, investors, and residents. The role of tourism in these regeneration processes is complex and contested. Tourism elements are often not well understood by decision-makers and sometimes create tensions with wider social regeneration aspirations. Using concepts from complexity theory, this paper interrogates the relationship between tourism and wider regeneration aspirations connected with the 2012 Olympic Games. It uses complexity theory to explore the context within which policies are developed, and the relationships between different policy initiatives. Both are highly complex, constantly evolving and sometimes ambiguous. It argues complexity concepts might be used to help to develop deeper understanding of the relationships between tourism and regeneration.


An experimental technique for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorbed on aerosols was developed. The principle of measurement is the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In our new set-up a nitrogen laser is employed for excitation of fluorescence. Results were compared with those of a former set-up in which a frequency- doubled dye-laser was used.


RESULTS: The quality of sleep was poor in 51.2% of the patients. These patients were relatively older than the patients with good quality of sleep (44.0±13.0 and 37.4±11.8 year respectively, p<0.001). The patients with the good quality of sleep consumed signifi cantly more meat-offal-cheese-egg (p<0.01) and fruit (p<0.05). The patients with the poor quality of sleep had signifi cantly lower albumin (p<0.01), pre-albumin (p=0.02) and total lymphocyte counts (p=0.02). The patients who more frequently had gastrointestinal complaints (especially abdominal discomfort and fl atulence) had the poor quality of sleep.


The main reason for the realization of this project is able to respond to the needs of the people of the
Bajo Lempa in El Salvador, adapting a space in the community of La Sabana to be allocated to the
teaching of different sports in a formal way.
At this time there are no adequate facilities for sports, there is only a football court located on the
Coyol community, situated next to La Sabana.
In the background, not least, the satisfaction of lessons learned over the last few years to devote time
to improving the social conditions of a place with limited resources and struggling to advance their
development. The enrichment of the project comes up with the idea of collaborative work with the
population of the area, so that this does not end at this stage, but other students whenever possible,
with the active participation of the beneficiary population can continue with the implementation of this
work.


In view of the problem of the burner on No. 5 boiler, Huxian Thermal Power Plant, by utilizing the rich-lean combustion, a HXWR type vortical pulverized coal burner is designed and manufactured. After putting the burner into operation, the reliability of the equipment has been increased, the adaptability of the charge has been enlarged, the efficiency of regulation has been enhanced.


Transportation research projects are a vital element for transportation agencies to accumulate new technology and knowledge to improve the efficiency and safety of transportation infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to develop benefit cost analysis (BCA) tools to assist transportation agencies in evaluating transportation research projects. The BCA tools provide analysis methods for estimating the benefits for changes in the level of service (LOS) of a roadway, reductions in the vehicle travel time, changes in vehicle operating costs and reductions in the number of crashes. Three case studies were investigated to illustrate the usage of the BCA tools. The first case study evaluated the effectiveness of variable speed limit systems implemented along I-80 in southern Wyoming. The BCA tools estimated a benefit cost ratio of 6.64 indicating that the implementation of the project was economically justifiable. The second case study was a recent study investigating and developing mitigation strategies for the effects of truck traffic along the I-80 in southern Wyoming resulting in a benefit cost ratio of a 9.23 indicating that the project had the potential to be economically viable upon implementation. The final case study evaluated the effect of wildlife overpass and underpass crossings on the migrations of pronghorn and mule deer. The benefit cost ratio for the research project was 0.42 indicating that the project was not economically beneficial after the first year of implementation. The case studies indicated that the BCA tools are a beneficial tool for quantifying the economic benefits of a transportation research project.


New replacement names are given for 18 species-group names in Limoniidae and 5 species-group names in Tipulidae. Another replacement name in Limoniidae ( schineriana Alexander) is reinstated. In all cases the replacement names are necessary because the senior and junior homonyms are presently congeneric.


Many plants consists chemical compounds which consist good medicinal values. Every medicinal system uses those medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases. Main obstacle in the use of these plants is to purify these chemical compounds from the plants for their medicinal use. Combretum albidum G. Don is one of rare medicinal plant which used from the ancient times for its medicinal values. Combretum albidum belongs from the family Combretaceae. The phytochemical, phytochemical screening and microscopical estimation suggest many important chemical compounds from the different parts of the plants. So, the further study on its chemical constituents and pharmacological activity plays an important role in the medicinal field.


The need for new materials to substitute injured or damaged parts of the human body has led scientists of different areas to investigate bioceramics since the 70's, when other materials in use started to show rejection problems. Ceramics show some advantages like being the material that best mimics the bone tissue, although present low toughness when compared with the metallic materials. As patients have become more and more demanding regarding esthetic and biocompatibility aspects of their dental restorations, ceramic material has become a main object of scientific interest especially from the material point of view. The alumina-zirconia composites are one of the relatively good and promising candidate for biomaterials application, due to biocompatibility and their mechanical properties that combines high flexural strength with a high toughness. The aim of the present work is to analyze the mechanical properties of these composites, where Y-TZP zirconia content was varied from 5 to 80 wt.% These systems can achieve a flexural strength 93 % and fracture toughness 29 % superior when compared to the pure alumina ceramics. These results showed that ceramic abutments components can be prepared for prosthetic rehabilitations with dental implants.


We present physically based algorithms for interactive deformable shape and motion modelling. We coarsely sample the objects with simulation nodes, and apply a meshless finite element method to obtain realistic deformations at interactive frame rates. This shape deformation algorithm is then used to specify keyframe poses and a smooth interpolating motion is obtained by solving for an energy‐minimizing trajectory. We show how to handle collisions between different deformable objects as well as with static or moving scene objects. Secondary motion is added as a post‐process by running a meshless elastic solid simulation. We enforce precomputed trajectories using control forces computed using shape matching. Key to the efficiency of our method is a sparse deformation representation and an adaptive optimization algorithm that automatically introduces new degrees of freedom in problematic regions. An accurate temporal interpolation scheme that exactly recovers rigid motions keeps the number of unknowns low and achieves realistic deformations with very few keyframes. We also show how the algorithm allows combining purely physical simulation with keyframe‐based scripted animation. The presented results illustrate that our framework can handle complex shapes at interactive rates, making it a valuable tool for animators to realistically model deformable 3D shapes and their motion.


We report results from molecular dynamics simulations of the etching of a Si surface by energetic Cl atoms (15 eV⩽E⩽200 eV). We find that the energy dependence of the Si yield (number of Si atoms desorbed per incident Cl ion) is in reasonable agreement with recent experiments and with previous simulations performed up to 50 eV. We also investigate the variation of the Si yield with the impact angle of incidence, the stoichiometry of the desorbed material, and the effect of a thermal background Cl flux to the surface in the presence of an ion flux at 50 eV. Surface roughening due to etching was observed and the calculated rms roughness is in reasonable agreement with experiments.


The present invention discloses a method and apparatus to enhance the driving stability for a micromechanical gyroscope, the method steps are as follows: The driving mode natural frequency of the micromechanical gyroscope output voltage signal generation and micro-mechanical gyroscope drive the same and the micromechanical gyroscope voltage AC drives with low-frequency signal phase, the low-frequency signal as a DC bias voltage to the load in parallel with the shunt capacitance micromachined gyroscope driven between the plates, by the DC bias voltage and AC drive voltage, high-frequency sinusoidal drive carrier driven by MEMS gyroscope; means comprise a low frequency signal acquisition circuit and a parallel capacitance parallel capacitor connected in parallel between the micromechanical gyroscope drive plate. The present invention can overcome the gyroscope precision errors due to capacitance mismatches drive driven instability caused by micro-mechanical gyroscope to enhance the detection accuracy and reliability.


Lewis (1987) cited two collections under Pterocarpus ternatus Rizzini: Lima 13138, the type, and Sarmento 606/80. Additional material shows that these two collections belong to two distinct species. Sarmento 606/80 (a flowering collection) in fact represents a remarkable new simple-leaved species which was apparently first collected in fruit by Davidse & D'Arcy in 1976. The connection between this fruiting specimen and Sarmento 606/80 was overlooked until Queiroz, in 1997, collected more fruiting material which led to a detailed analysis of the species by the three authors. The new species, described below, is restricted to the sand dunes along the margins of the Rio Sao Francisco in central Bahia, Brazil.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to find out the effect of consumption tax on savings behavior especially on the people who are close to their retirement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze the response in spending and retirement saving using a difference-in-differences regression methodology. The authors use the year since the Public Provident Fund (PPF) enrollment date for each individual as a random assignment to identify the service tax policy's causal impact. Therefore, this variable is a continuous variable defined as an individual's age until the end of the restrictions when people can withdraw money from their retirement savings account PPF without any penalty. The treatment variable is the service tax shock (increase in service tax) that happened effective 1st April 2015.FindingsThe authors find a significant effect of a change in the service tax rate on individuals' spending and PPF saving behavior. On average, individuals lower their consumption by about 14% and increase their PPF savings by 16% in response to the increase in the service tax rate. The authors find substantial heterogeneity in effect across different types of individuals. The effect is more pronounced for people closer to their retirement and needy people (defined as individuals with low traditional savings account balances).Research limitations/implicationsThe authors studied the effect of consumption tax on one category of savings (PPF) only. There are other savings instruments available in India. The data for those were not available to us.Practical implicationsThis paper not only throws light on the consumption and savings behaviour of the individuals, but will also help the policy maker for framing appropriate fiscal policy.Originality/valueUsing a unique and proprietary data from a large bank in India, the authors analyze the effect of a tax policy change on households' consumption and retirement savings behavior. The authors find that households reduce their consumption by 14% and increase their voluntary retirement savings (Public Provident Fund aka PPF) by 16% in response to an increase in the service tax policy. Individuals close to their retirement age (55 years of age and above) and without any withdrawal restrictions from their PPF account tend to reduce their expenditures more and save more. Individuals with financial constraints and withdrawal restrictions do not reduce their expenditures significantly. To the best of the authors' knowledge no study was done on this.


In this paper, we propose the MPPT algorithm that is based on the single-layer neural network model of the photovoltaic panel. It has been shown that the neural network can be employed to accurately model the relationship between the photovoltaic panel current, voltage, solar irradiance, and temperature. Unlike the equivalent circuit model, the neural network model can be used to calculate the gradient of the P-V curve, thus enabling the design of the simple MPPT technique that relies on the steepest ascent method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits a faster convergence speed and a smaller steady-state error than the conventional P&O algorithm.


Observations of distinct positions in Orion and W3 revealed ripples on the HCN(1-0), HCO^+(1-0) and CO(1-0) line profiles which can be result of emission of large number of unresolved thermal clumps in the beam that move with random velocities. The total number of such clumps are ~(0.4-4) 10^5 for the areas with linear sizes ~0.1-0.5 pc.


Thermal conductivity of diamond-like-carbon nanowire is investigated by combining MEMS in TEM (transmission electron microscope) with a new cryogenic TEM holder allowing in-situ electrical measurements from 90K to 380K. A suspended DLC nanowire of 80nm in diameter and 10mic in length was locally grown by FIB-CVD in between an integrated micro-heater and a temperature sensor. Combined with a special Wheastone bridge configuration, we show drastic improvement of temperature detection on the sensor and estimate the thermal conductance of the DLC nanowire at low temperature in-situ in TEM.


Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder, characterised by bone marrow infiltration with clonal plasma cells; production of monoclonal immunoglobulin (paraprotein); end-organ damage; lytic lesions in the bones; renal impairment; hypercalcaemia and anaemia. Skeleton evaluation in MM is necessary not only for staging purposes but also to detect serious complications such as fractures. Skeletal survey is an established rst-line investigation for this purpose. However, in recent years, new imaging techniques such as whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and 2- uoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomo graphy computed tomography have been used widely. In this article, we review different imaging techniques used in MM and their impact on patient management. Key words: Imaging techniques, magnetic resonance imaging, multiple myeloma, osteolytic lesions, positron emission tomography/computed tomography, skeletal survey


Their radically large brains and obligate bipedalism set humans apart from the rest of the primates. These features are studied in conjunction with their relationship to obstetric practices found universally in modern humans but hypothesized also to have emerged in Australopithecus. Given the emergence of modern-human obstetric practices as necessary for maternal-and-infant survival during parturition, I hypothesize that birth assistance must in the prehistoric past have become indispensable to the ongoing evolution of bipedalism and a big brain in the human lineage. Beginning at a critical point in our prehistoric past, obstetrics began giving humans both bipedalism and big brains.


The device 10 for acquiring images of the inside surface of a tire comprises at least one acquisition module 14 of images having at least one illumination means 20 adapted to project a light beam onto a predetermined area the inner surface of the tire, at least one acquisition means 22 capable of acquiring images of a light beam reflected by said pneumatic area and from the light beam, and at least one reflector 30 disposed optically between the illuminating means 20 and said pneumatic area.


The chaotic behavior of low-dimensional digital chaotic systems is seriously degraded, and the output sequence has a short period. In this study, a digital sequence generator based on a high-dimensional chaotic system is proposed to ensure performance and security. The proposed generator has low resource consumption, and the digital pseudo-random output sequence has a large period. To avoid the nonchaotic state, the multistability in the high-dimensional discrete chaotic system is analyzed. The statistical performance of the output sequence of the proposed digital high-dimensional chaotic system is evaluated, and the results demonstrate that it is a suitable candidate for a long-period pseudo-random sequence generator.


This paper indicates an evidence for the deterioration of the MOVPE InN during the growth at high temperature (∼650 °C). It is noted that the deterioration occurs near the interface and InN film becomes porous layer during the further growth. The porous layer has high electron density. The rate-limiting process of N-face InN decomposition depends on atomic hydrogen. The atomic hydrogen produced by the decomposition of NH3 is responsible for the deterioration of InN film. The crystal quality of InN improves with decreasing the porous layer which is important for MOVPE InN. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Fabric has the power to humanize our living environment. Textiles have always had an ability to demarcate space, absorb sound and create decorative elements. With these characteristics, it is not difficult to explore the full potential of heat setting on polyester as a decorative surface design technique. Utilizing the heat setting properties of polyester, a range of fabrics has been designed and applied within the use of interiors. Within the interior context, fabrics' potential uses include: upholstery, to cover furniture; to cover cushions; curtains, blinds and other forms of window drapery; as bed linens and table linens. Fabric may also be applied to walls, like wallpapers, in panels as screens or partitions. Fabrics can also be designed into light shades and even a lighted partition. This paper will focus on the use of the heat setting technique on polyester fabrics; with its thermoplastic qualities, polyester fabrics can be pleated and moulded into 3D structural forms. The process of heat setting will be discussed and how these heat set polyester fabrics are further developed into applications within the commercial lifestyle range will be explained. The potential of the heat setting technique, with it's inherent flexibilities and it's capacity to be moulded and given a 3D form has created vast possibilities in the area of interior fabrics and products.


In this paper we propose a combined form of Sumudu Transform (ST) and the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) to solve linear two-point boundary value problems. The elegant coupling is called the Sumudu Transform Variational Iteration Method (STVIM). The results obtained are in a good agreement with the exact solution and hence this method can be regarded as a valuable tool for solving linear and nonlinear differential equations in various sciences. The proposed method has several advantages: the first one is the free choice of initial approximation with possible unknown constants, the second, is in its ability to reduce the number of computations, and finally, it avoids the round off errors and finds the solution without any linearization or discretization. Several examples confirm the reliability and efficiency of the approach, which can be used to solve other types of nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs).


Seedlings of Pittosporum undulatum were grown under shade screens for 16 days at four flux densities: 97.8, 18.2, 3.4 and 0.4% full daylight, i.e. c. 420, 78, 14 and 2 W m-2. Seedlings showed moderate tolerance of shade: the growth compensation point for light was 1 .6% daylight, the leaf area ratio in full daylight was low (48.96 cm2 g-1) and when plants grown at 0.4% were compared with those grown at 97.8% full daylight and there was a fourfold increase in chlorophyll concentration. Leaves were thinner at the lowest flux density because the cells were deflated and there appeared to be only one row of palisade mesophyll cells. On the other hand, there was no large increase in leaf area ratio with shading, no alteration in the chlorophyll a/b ratio and no depression of net assimilation rate in full daylight. P. undulatum can endure shade but has a higher growth rate when grown at higher photon flux densities. P. undulatum is found predominantly in shade owing to the uneven dispersal of seed and the site-dependent survival of seedlings and not because shade is required for maximum growth.


l-Carvoxime (m.p. 72°C) is monoclinic, P21, with a= 10.24 (1), b = 11.67 (1), c= 8-54 (2) A,, fl= 103.1 (1) °, Z = 4. The structure was determined from 1043 independent intensities with I> 2.5o-(1) measured with Mo Ka radiation on a diffractometer, and refined by block-diagonal least squares to R= 0.039. The packing is essentially the same as in dl-carvoxime. The rotational arrangements of the isopropenyl groups are significantly different in the two independent molecules and deviate from that found in the dl-compound.


The responsiveness of the uteri of ovariectomized rats pretreated either with E2 or with a new antioestrogen, GYKI-13504 or with both agents simultaneously to PGF2 alpha was studied in vitro. The treatment with E2 caused a fortyfold reduction in the responsiveness of the uterus to PGF2 alpha. GYKI-13504 itself did not influence the sensitivity of this organ significantly, but inhibited the diminishing effect of E2.


Abstract : The resistance of an alloy to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is strongly influenced by the presence of microstructural heterogeneities, which can provide sites to trap hydrogen. The entry and trapping of hydrogen in a range of high-strength alloys have been investigated with a technique referred to as hydrogen ingress analysis by potentiostatic Pulsing (HIAPP). Data were analyzed by using a diffusion/trapping model to determine entry and trapping parameters for high-strength steels, Precipitation-hardened and work-hardened nickel-base alloys, and titanium alloys. For most of the alloys studied, the observed resistance to HE appeared to be determined primarily by the alloy's intrinsic Susceptibility as defined by the trapping characteristics; that is, the H entry flux generally has only a secondary effect on the resistance to HE. However, in one case, the HE resistance was attributable to a low entry flux. This type of case highlights the need for characterizing alloys in terms of both trapping capability and rate of H entry to account for differences observed in their HE resistance.


Objective To explore the relationship between lower reproductive tract infection on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.Methods 340 pregnant women with lower reproductive tract infection(experimental group) and 360 women receiving routine health care during perinatal period(control group) were selected.The outcome of the two groups were compared.Results There were obvious differences in the rate of premature rupture of fetal membranes,premature delivery,infant of low-birth weight,puerperal infection and infection of newborn(P 0.05).Conclusion Premature rupture of membranes is closely related to reproductive tract infection,reproductive tract infections on a timely and effective treatment,prevention and reduction of the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.


Contents Foreword by David L. Gardinerix Acknowledgmentsxv Introductionxix PART ONE: STRUGGLE 1 Warriors of the Fortress of Faith 3 2 The Tennis Champion of Darjeeling11 3 The Dharma Beatniks and the Island of the Dead21 4 All Tsampa Eaters Must Stand Together33 5 The Dalai Lama's Great Escape49 6 Eisenhower Expands the Covert War61 7 Hearts and Minds77 8 America's Secret Bay of Pigs91 PART TWO: RESILIENCE 9 Wheels Within Wheels107 10 Cultural Revolutions123 11 Nixon Embraces China141 12 Counterculture to the Rescue159 PART THREE: HOPE 13 The Dalai Lama Finds a Middle Way177 14 The 1990s: The Tibetan Movement Goes Global189 15 The Tibetan National Uprising of 2008203 16 The Last Dalai Lama?229 17 What Is to Be Done to Free Tibet?245 Appendix NSC Directive 5412/2262 About Sources267 Bibliography269 Index273


The vibrational spectroscopic constants,full vibrational energy spectra {Ev},and molecular dissociation energies De,for nine electronic states of Li2 molecule are obtained using algebraic energy method(AEM).The results show that the generated vibrational energy spectrum {Ev } not only reproduces limited known experimental data but also correctly gives all unknown high-lying vibrational energies.The AEM dissociation energy excellently agrees with known experimental De,and the AEM can generate reasonable approximate De for the diatomic system whose experimental dissociation energy is not available.


Efficiency-limiting defects in photovoltaic devices are readily probed by time-resolved spectroscopy. This paper presents the first direct optical measurements of the relaxation and recombination pathways of photoexcited carriers in the CdS window layer of CdTe/CdS polycrystalline thin films. We utilize the complimentary techniques of femtosecond time-resolved differential absorption (TRDA) and picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) to determine the relaxation and recombination mechanisms in these films. Comparison between samples with systematic variations in their CdS layers leads to several conclusions. Photoexcited holes are very rapidly captured by deep traps where they remain until recombining with electrons in shallow traps. The hole trapping states are most likely produced by tellurium substituting for sulfur in the CdS lattice. We postulate that reduction of tellurium diffusion into CdS during growth may increase the spectral response of CdTe/CdS solar cells for photon energies above 2.5 eV by reducing or eliminating these defect sites.


The present invention discloses a multifunctional voltage station detecting means includes a disk base, said disk base is provided on the boss, the boss is provided with a stepping motor, the stepping motor of the power output terminal with detection platform, the platform topside detecting a plurality of detection terminals provided in a circle arc length, etc., the intermediate platform is provided with the detection circuit resting column, the top of the column is provided with an antenna circuit resting box; further comprising a heat source electric field intensity detectors and temperature detectors; communication antenna provided in the antenna box; the detector will also detect rotation, which can effectively ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the probe, which is a heat source temperature sensor for detecting abnormal temperature rise to prevent a fire hazard situation, the electric field strength detector for detecting a change in electric field intensity, the voltage caused by the temporary short circuit can be enhanced so that it is easier to detect, in addition, high electrical performance of the antenna, detection accuracy of the present apparatus nature provides a strong guarantee.


The agriculture and animal husbandry of Dalate Banner of Erdos City were promoted through channeling flood to alluvial plain,improving soil and developing well irrigation,and the economic benefits,ecological and social effect in this area were enhanced dramatically.The economic benefits were summarized in particular.


To all who are familiar with the capabilities of the standard roentgenographic examination of the lungs in disclosing or excluding the presence of early pulmonary tuberculosis, it seems needless to discuss the value of the method, for the extraordinary efficiency of this technic has been proved beyond all reasonable doubt. Indeed, it may confidently be asserted that few, if any, medical tests excel this procedure in reliability. The anatomic conditions favor accurate results, for any tuberculous lesions that on section could be seen with the unaided eye must produce visible shadows against the transradiant normal parenchyma. Visible depiction of the lesions is favored also by the slight magnification of their shadows beyond actual size and by the stereoscopic view, which latter factor practically insures against their concealment by shadows of the thoracic cage, shows their precise situation and distinguishes them from shadows due to extrapulmonic causes. By reason of these fortuitous factors, roentgenologic examination often will disclose minimal tuberculosis when symptoms, physical signs and results of laboratory tests are indecisive or even negative. Phthisiologists are keenly aware of this fact, and Sampson and Brown have said: "Today we have progressed to the stage where we call no man sound pulmonically until his stereoscopic roentgenograms have been found to be normal, and consider the roentgenologic study as much a part of the routine examination of the lungs as the stethoscope, or, indeed, as the examination of the sputum." Like other roentgenologic technics, the standard stereoscopic examination with 14 by 17 inch films did not suddenly attain its present form or efficiency, but acquired both by slow development. At first, roentgenoscopic examination was considered sufficient. Then


Reaction of [Rh2(µ-CO)2(η-C5Me5)2] with N2CR1R2(R1 R2 H; R1 R2 CF3; R1 H, R2 CO2Et; R1 H, R2 CH : CH2) affords the dynamic complexes [Rh2(µ-CR1R2)(CO)2(η-C5Me5)2], whereas, reaction with [Pt(cod)2](cod cyclo-octa-1,5-diene), [Pt2(CO)2(η-C5H5)2], or [Pt(C2H4)(PPh3)2] gives, respectively, [Rh2Pt(µ-CO)2(cod)(η-C5Me5)2], [Rh2Pt(µ-CO)2(CO)2(η-C5Me5)2], and [Rh2Pt(µ-CO)2(CO)(PPh3)(η-C5Me5)2]; an X-ray diffraction study on the last complex reveals incipient triply-bridging carbonyl ligands.


Based on the operation and management of complex modern city exhibition in the mixed-use mode and setting the urban planning exhibition hall of Hangzhou as an example, this paper clearly define the developing mode that planning exhibition hall is the cultural media of city construction and public leisure venues. On one hand, by the analysis of the function of Hangzhou urban planning exhibition hall, presenting the modern and advance Hangzhou urban planning exhibition hall actively and optimizing and expanding venue function such as the deployment of functional areas, the form of exhibition and the content of exhibition, we advocate a "people-oriented, interactive and propagandistic" operation mode and institution management; on the other hand, via the arrangement of the representative and characterized content in Hangzhou urban construction achievements, it actively guides the sustainable development of the Hangzhou urban planning hall in the future.


Objective To investigate the Application value of clinical nursing pathway to patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). Methods The patients with ACS(n=100) were randomly divided into two group(each n=50). Control group was given routine cardiologic nursing and intervention group was given routine nursing and clinical nursing pathway. After one week,the changes of clinical indexes were observed,and total effective rate was compared. The satisfaction to the nursing was investigated in the aspects of technologic quality,safety,timely service,health education,humanistic care,service attitude and admission education through questionnaire. ResultsThe total effective rate was 82.0% in intervention group and 64.0% in control group(P0.01). The satisfaction was higher in intervention group than that in control group(P0.01). Conclusion Clinical nursing pathway is an effective nursing mode for ACS,which can effectively improve patients' satisfaction and curative effect.


In this paper, some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive definite solutions for the matrix equation X + A*X−αA = Q with α ∈ (0, ∞) are given. Iterative methods to obtain the positive definite solutions are established and the rates of convergence of the considered methods are obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a more assertive China. What happened to China's "peaceful rise" and "charm offensive"? What explains the changes in China's foreign policy? According to interviews with Beijing and Shanghai-based analysts, China's assertiveness between 2008 and 2010 can be divided into two waves, each triggered by a different cause. The first wave seems triggered by a sense in Beijing that Washington, DC was more differential to China's interests, and less committed to East Asia. The second wave seems best explained as China's response to what it perceived as a far more assertive and threatening United States. Both waves were amplified by two domestic challenges: Chinese leaders' hypersensitivity to popular nationalism and poor bureaucratic coordination among an expanding number of foreign policy actors.