The cloud computing security authentication platform based on digital certificate was researched according to the security problems of the current cloud computing facing.First of all,the safety status of cloud computing was introduced in this paper.Application of digital certificate in China was analyzed with the electronic signature law's promulgation and implementation.A solution for computing security authentication based on digital certificate was designed cloud in the light of four safety problems existing in cloud computing combined with the digital certificate application.The encryption communication process was analysed that customers and cloud services platform using digital certificate.The scheme provided some models and the reference for cloud computing security authentication platform based on digital.


BT051 is an oral, locally acting inhibitor of neutrophil trafficking and activation in clinical development for the treatment of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Herein we report the results of this first-in-human study of BT051 in healthy subjects.

 This was a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre, single ascending dose (SAD) study. Healthy subjects (n=50) were randomised into 5 SAD cohorts to receive BT051 (100, 300, 700, 1500 or 3500 mg) or placebo (8 active:2 placebo in each cohort). A safety review committee evaluated any dose-limiting adverse events (AEs) through Day 3 before proceeding to the next cohort. Samples for pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis were collected from blood, stool and urine predose and up to 48 hours postdose; stool samples for PK analysis were also collected on Day 7. An exploratory endpoint of systemic immunosuppression was performed by assessing cytokine secretion induced from T-cells in subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 4 and 24 hours postdose.

 Fifty healthy subjects were dosed with BT051 (n=40) or placebo (n=10). No dose-limiting toxicities, serious AEs or study discontinuations due to AEs were observed. Nine (22.5%) BT051 subjects and 2 (20%) placebo subjects experienced at least 1 mild or moderate AE with only vessel puncture site pain and constipation reported in more than 1 subject (n=2). Mean % of dose excreted in stool from partial collection ranged between 11.3–26.3%. At all doses tested, concentrations of BT051 in the large intestine were estimated to exceed >20x the threshold for inhibition of neutrophil transmigration and activation in vitro (1 μM) and continued to be detected out to 7 days postdose. Generally, blood concentrations of BT051 were undetectable except in two subjects at one time point each: one subject at 24 hours postdose who received 700 mg BT051 (70 ng/mL) and another subject at 12 hours postdose who received 1500 mg BT051 (8 ng/mL). Mean % of dose excreted in urine through 48 hours postdose ranged between 0.01–0.03%. No evidence of systemic T-cell immunosuppression was observed at any dose level.

 Single ascending doses up to 3500 mg of BT051 were safe and well-tolerated in healthy subjects. Stool concentrations out to 7 days postdose that exceed the expected efficacious threshold, minimal to no systemic exposure and the lack of systemic immunosuppression support the continued development of BT051 as a gut-targeted therapy for patients with IBD.


This note characterizes the optimal production over time for items of green technologies such as electric cars and solar panels where learning by doing reduces future costs. The optimum requires a subsidy that eventually declines, reaching zero just as learning is completed. Address of author: Avinash Dixit, Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544–1021, USA. E-mail: email@example.com Web: http://www.princeton.edu/ ̃ dixitak/home The Question Production of solar panels, electric vehicles, and other similar things with low or no CO2 emission is initially costly, but cumulated experience of production – learning by doing – brings it down. Acquisition of this experience can be speeded up by subsidizing production (and concommitantly consumption) during the early stages. The purpose of this note is to characterize the dynamics of the optimal subsidy policy. In the context of the whole world facing dangers from climate change, this poses an additional problem. Each country's learning can spill over and benefit other countries' production. In a non-cooperative (Nash) game among countries, this positive externality implies sub-optimal levels of subsidies. We need to know the severity of this problem, and explore ways of overcoming it through international coordination of subsidy policies. This is part of ongoing research. ∗I thank Nick Stern for suggesting this problem.


Computed tomography ventilation imaging (CTVI) is a powerful functional lung imaging modality based on quantification of lung motion in four-dimensional CT (4DCT). However the implementation of CTVI workflows is challenging, requiring seamless integration of lung segmentation, de-formable image registration (DIR) and motion field analysis. To address the need for open source CTVI software, we have developed VESPIR (VEntilation via Scripted Pulmonary Image Registration), a command-line toolkit for prototyping CTVI workflows using the MATLAB programming interface. This paper describes the capabilities of VESPIR to achieve stepwise improvement in CTVI accuracy by comparing paired 4DCT and clinical ventilation imaging.


Original Research Article Introduction: Arthritis, a chronic progressive illness, has the potential to cause joint destruction and functional disability but may present as acute episodes. Early medical intervention has been shown to be important in improving outcomes, can improve function, stop damage to joints as seen on x-rays, and prevent work disability. As is known that most of the Indians are vegetarians do not like to eat fish or do not like to use medicine derived from animal source. Objectives: A present study was planned to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of flaxseed oil derived Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs) in arthritis (Osteoarthritis arthritis). Material and methods: The study is randomized, Placebo controlled, single blinded study at Department of Orthopaedic, Tertiary care teaching hospital, a city in Gujarat, India. Results: The results of this study was statistically significant (p<0001) effect of essential fatty acid in improvement of cardinal symptoms of osteoarthritis patient. There observed better tolerability of EFAs in this patient. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that EFA which are normal component of our diet, play many important physiological roles and EFAs can be adjuvant therapy in this disease.


Including eyewear frames and the application modules, eyewear system. Eyewear frame includes a docking station, the application connection points that are preconfigured in the first set, including an electronic connector. Application module is adapted to be mounted to the docking station configured to perform a certain function, and the electronic device, corresponding to at least some of the application connection points that are preconfigured in the first set to include an application connection point that is preconfigured in the second set. Application connection points configured to advance the second set is used to support the electronic device functions, including at least two different sub-function connections.


The pulmonary disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by progressive obstruction of small and later larger airways, and bronchial surface infection that eventually results in bronchiectasis. Initially, obstructive features predominate, but with progressive infection, fibrosis occurs and a restrictive component develops. All patients in whom the diagnosis of CF is established go on to develop pulmonary involvement, although there is marked heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations and the time course. The spectrum of pulmonary disease ranges from children dying in respiratory failure despite optimum care to adults 25 to 35 years old with nearly normal pulmonary function who lead full, productive lives. The recent increase in life expectancy suggests that lung disease is now progressing more slowly in many patients, and certain complications of pulmonary disease are now seen with increased frequency. The most common complications of CF pulmonary disease are lobar atelectasis, pneumothorax, hemoptysis, and cor pulmonale: less common but of significant morbidity in some patients are unusual infections, such as lung or brain abscesses, mycobacterial or fungal infections, and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The incidence, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, and treatment of each of these problems are discussed in this review.


thereafter." Thus it is the chroniclers and the biographers of Becket who monopolize the footnotes. Perhaps their subjectivity might have been offset somewhat by a greater eliance on Pipe Rolls and charters. And why is there only one reference to Richard ritz Nigel's Dialogue of the Exchequer? (Incidentally all that the reference tells us is that Richard was '•born a bastard." True, but hardly illuminating.) Nor does Henry's sheriff and justiciar, RannuN de Glanville, fare much better. Though his career is alluded to from time to time, especially his "thievery" and capacity to harbour a grudge, I can find no mention of the monumental Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England. How can any biography of Henry II ignore these two books "which could have been written," as Lady Stenton has said, "only with his consent and goodwill, if not at his direct command"?


AIM:To observe the bleaching effect and side effects of BEYOND WHITENING ACCELERATOR.METHODS:Thirty patients were selected randomly and received the bleaching treatment with BEYOND WHITENING ACCELERATOR.The tooth color was detected with Vita shade guide before and after the treatment.The sensitivity of the teeth was recorded after the treatment by Visual analogue scale(VAS).The color improvement maintained was assessed in 1 month,3 months and 6 months.RESULTS:The significant effective rate was 72.4%.The gereral effective rate was(96.6%).The color improvement of most patients was maintained up to 6 months.The tooth sensitivity appeared after the treatment and relieved in 24 hours.CONCLUSION:The bleaching effect of BEYOND WHITENING ACCELERATOR is good and can maintaine a period of time.


Objective To investigate the age-difference of blood pressure variability(BPV) and ankle-brachial index(ABI) in patients with essential hypertension(EH) in the early stage.Methods A total of 68 patients with EH in the early stage,who did not take antihypotensive drugs,was divided into two groups of A(aged 60 years,41 cases) and B(aged ≥60 years,27 cases).The BPV was determined by mean pulse pressure(PP) recorded in 24 hours and its standard deviation(SD).Ambulatory blood pressures in 24 hours were recorded and ABI was measured by Colin system.Results The mean 24-h PP,mean daytime PP,mean night PP and SD value of PP difference from night SBP were all higher in group B than those in group A [(63.4±17.4) mm Hg vs.(51.4±6.0) mm Hg,(63.6±17.0) mm Hg vs.(51.7±6.2) mm Hg,(61.4±21.0) mm Hg vs.(49.4±8.0) mm Hg and(11.2±3.7) mm Hg vs.(8.9±3.3) mm Hg](P0.05).The incidence rate of abnormal ABI was higher in group B than that in group A(51.9% vs.24.4%)(P0.05).Conclusion The mean 24-h PP,mean daytime PP,mean night PP,SD value of PP difference from night SBP and the incidence rate of abnormal ABI are all higher in the early stage EH patients aged ≥60 years old than those 60 years.


Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition on the rise. Not only does it affect
the elderly but is also increasingly spreading to younger sectors of the population.
Treating it involves exhaustive monitoring of patients. A tool adapted to the particular
requirements of hypertension can greatly facilitate monitoring and diagnosis. This
paper presents HBPF, an efficient cloud-based Home Blood Pressure Framework.
This allows hypertensive patients to communicate with their health-care centers, thus
facilitating monitoring for both patients and clinicians. HBPF provides a complete,
efficient, and cross-platform framework to follow up hypertensive patients with an SLA
guarantee. Response time below one second for 80,000 requests and 28% increase in
peak throughput going from one to three virtual machines were obtained. In addition,
a mobile app (BP) for Android and iOS with a user-friendly interface is also provided
to facilitate following up hypertensive patients. Among them, between 54% and 87%
favorably evaluated the tool. BP can be downloaded for free from the website Hesoft
Group repository (http://www.hesoftgroup.eu).


In this study, the effects of aluminium oxide content, micro particle diameter and rotational speed on the activity of fermentation broth of deep-sea Penicillium MHE1 in inhibiting the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NFRI-95 hypha and aflatoxin production were studied by uniform design. The optimal combination is obtained by regression analysis and experimental verification. The optimal combination is 1.015 g/L and 101.5 mesh in diameter for aluminium oxide, and 108.6 r/min for rotation incubation. Under these conditions, the mycelium inhibition rate of fermentation broth of strain MHE1 to Aspergillus parasiti NFRI-95 reached 85.88%, and the aflatoxin inhibition rate reached 100%, which increased by 7.1% and 9.2% respectively compared with that before optimization.


The paper reexamines distinct approaches to the constitution of sociality in indigenous Amazonian contexts that differ with respect to the heuristic value attributed to "trust" and "intimacy", in the light of Huni Kuin (Cashinahua) ethnography of the body, personhood, trust and thought. For Huni Kuin people thinking and trusting are embodied processes that are constitutive of sociality among living persons. Grounded in a critical appreciation of the uses of the analytical frameworks emerging from discussions of "Amazonian perspectivism" and "fractality" for revealing the indigenous ontologies at work, the paper argues that it is necessary to go beyond an ontological emphasis and also take into consideration its interface with indigenous epistemology and phenomenology. It argues that Huni Kuin perspectivist understanding of the engagement of virtual sociality and lived sociality in a multinatural universe depends upon this interface.


Speakers for this session were selected according to our perceptions about the frontier areas in dynamical atmospheres, the atmospheres of very cool stars, and stellar winds. This summary of posters and topics raised in the round table discussion opens with a brief summary of current issues in modeling pulsating stars and winds. Observational constraints are emphasized in Section 3. on "peeling the onion" of the atmosphere/wind structure. Section 4. covers a variety of methods for detecting and measuring stellar winds. The concluding remarks include some questions facing theorists and observers working in this field.


In this paper, we investigate whether multimarket contact leads to collusive pricing in the retail lumber market and assess the effect of potential regulation on consumer welfare. In particular, we focus on the competition between Home Depot and Lowe's since they are the main players in retail lumber market. For our analysis, we assemble an original data set of prices and sales in the pressure treated lumber category. We first provide reduced form evidence for the effect of multimarket contact on collusion in pricing strategies by showing a positive and significant correlation between price and multimarket contact. Guided by this evidence we estimate a model, using the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995) equilibrium framework, that includes both the demand and supply side with conduct parameters which capture the degree of collusion in setting prices. We specify the conduct parameters as a function of multimarket contact, following the framework developed by Sudhir (2001) and Ciliberto and Williams (2014). We find that the conduct parameter for capturing the effect of multimarket contact on collusion is significant and positive, implying that multimarket contact leads to higher prices than those from a competitive Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. Using the model estimates, we conduct a counterfactual analysis to measure the consumer welfare impact due to collusive pricing. We find that consumer surplus in January, 2016 increases by $57.7k and this amounts to $692.4k in a year. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that shows state-level multimarket contact facilitates collusive pricing with implications for consumer welfare. The finding has important policy implications that might suggest the need for monitoring prices in states where retail firms have a greater degree of multimarket contact.


The excavation technology of central V-type cut and smooth blasting around were adopted in implementation,meanwhile,the technological parameters were adjusted according to engineering and geological conditions to meet the requirments of quality of inclined shaft.


The present disclosure relates to an image processing apparatus, method, and program. According to the present disclosure an image processing apparatus comprising: a depth control signal generating unit based on the depth position of the body of each region of the input image, and generates a sense of control of each region of the image depth control the degree of emphasis of the input signal; facial skin region control signal generation unit, based on the input face image in an area of skin, the degree of emphasis of the input generates a control area of skin feel face each region in the image control signal; al regional control signal generating unit , based on the input image region of a person, generates the input control the degree of emphasis for each region feeling person in the image area control signal; and a control signal synthesizing means which synthesizes the depth control signal, the said control signal and the face area of skin regions of the person control signal to generate the control signal.


Background: Chronic malnutrition with stunting constitutes the most
considerable global health threat for the child survival, particularly for
children under-five. The prevalence of stunted children cases in Simeulue
District, Aceh Province, still exceeds the national prevalence in which the
district prevalence has reached 63.9%. The prevalence of malnutrition in
Aceh is attributed to inadequacy of parental care in the feeding practice for
the children.
Objective: To find out the correlation of family�s supports and the stunted
children prevalence among under-five children.
Method: This was an observational study using quantitative approach with
cross-sectional design and supported by qualitative data was conducted.
Subjects were 156 under-five children aged 24-59 months. Sample taking
used three stage sampling method. The dependent variable was stunted
under-five children, the independent variable was family�s supports and
the extraneous variables were family�s structure, number of children, and
maternal occupation. Prior the use of the questionnaire, validity and
reliability tests were done. Data processing used univariable analysis,
bivariable analysis with chi-square test, and multivariable analysis with
logistic regression. .
Result: Prevalence of stunting in Simeulue Regency was 57,05%.
Multivariable analysis showed that there was a significant correlation
between children without family�s support with a value (OR=2,9


There is a growing drive to improve the heterogeneity of medical school cohorts. However, those from lower socio‐economic groups remain under‐represented. Understanding the methods used by applicants to prepare for medical school selection, and the challenges they face with respect to opportunities and access, may provide important insights to this lack of diversity. This research considered the influence of socio‐demographic background on preparation for medical school selection and on the successful offer of a place.


The utility model relates to a sampling tool for environmental monitoring. Waste water and oil pollution bring harm to human life and ecological balance. The utility model adopts the way of bottom water inflow. A glass bottle body (4) is fixed in the middle part of an aluminum base (6). The upper part of the base is matched with an annular shroud (9), a liner rod (5), a pressure rod (2) and a pressure spring (10). The lower part is matched with a chassis (11) made from stainless steel. One side is fixed on a handle (1). The base is provided with a circular slot which is embedded with a sealing ring. The pressure rod is tightly adhered to the annular shroud in order to tightly press the base on the chassis through the pressure of the pressure spring between the base and the chassis. The utility model reaches the purpose of inleakage of water samples, and has the advantages of simple structure and portability.


ABSTRACT The use of natural gas energy is emphasized by the government, in order to decrease the amount of fuel subsidy that giving impact in increasing energy and economic security. The household sector is the highest natural gas consumer, because it is cheaper and cleaner than gasoline and produces less greenhouse emissions than its counterparts. But in practice, the safety of the pipeline is not fully met. Gas leak is one of the the example which caused damage on the consumer. This study will examine the implementation of PT. PGN Tbk gas pipeline system and the consumer protection on gas leak using socio legal research. The results showed that PT. PGN Tbk as natural gas distributor business operators responsible if a leak occurs in the distribution pipeline in the form of repairs and compensation Keywords:  Natural Gas, Leaking Pipes, Consumer Protection, Responsibility of Service Providers.


In this study, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the mucus-forming gene MUC5B was strongly associated with the presence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). These results replicate the findings of other investigators, also published in this issue.


As English-Medium Instruction (EMI) courses become more and more common, English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses, which typically serve as preparation for academic studies in English, need to adapt to target the particular skills and abilities that students need to succeed in EMI. This study, undertaken at a university in Japan which is greatly expanding its provision of EMI courses, aimed to gain a concrete understanding of the specific demands of EMI courses at the institution in order to further develop the university's EAP programme. By surveying EMI instructors as to the tasks students undertake in their classes and the ability of students to deal with those tasks, four core skills were identified as requiring particular attention in the EAP courses, namely, writing es-says/reports in English, engaging in discussions in English, listening to lectures given in English, and reading papers/book chapters/other written materials in English. Aspects of these skills are ca-tered to within the current EAP courses, but there are also possible ways in which the courses could be adapted to provide more effective preparation for students prior to taking the EMI courses.


Provided is an electromagnetic wave-shielding material capable of keeping an electromagnetic shielding effect for a long period even if it is repeatedly bent/slid. The electromagnetic-wave shielding material (101)has a first metal layer (21) and a second metal layer (22) laminated one over the other, and has a first conductive adhesive layer (11) positioned between the first metal layer (21) and the second metal layer (22), so that the four layers of the first metal layer (21), the first conductive adhesive layer (11), the second metal layer (22) and a second conductive adhesive layer (12) are laminated in this recited arrangement order. In order to protect the laminated structure including the first conductive adhesive layer (11), the first metal layer (21) and so on, moreover, the electromagnetic wave shielding material (101) has its surfaces covered individually with a first parting sheet (31) and a second parting sheet (32).


Permit me a few comments on Richard Thomason's article in this journal (Vol. III (1969), pp. 95-101) on natural kinds. 1. All classifications must be with respect to some purpose. There is no "most natural" kind of natural kinds. Consequently, Mr. Thomason must be furnishing something like an explication of the concept of natural kinds with respect to some use. I would like to argue in this paper that his explication is not satisfactory for the purpose of scientific classification. The "kinds" of science are not Thomason natural kinds. 2. According to Thomason's account, no two natural kinds of a system may overlap (i.e., share members), unless one is a species of the other. But it is not hard to show that this won't do as a general criterion of scientific classification. For instance, taking silicates as a genus, we find that among the species under that (or succeeding) headings are the species of beryl silicates and chromium silicates (some beryls, some not). Clearly, if the concept of natural kinds is to be of general use in science, we must grant that both of these categories are species of silicates, and hence natural kinds. But according to Thomason's classification scheme they are not, since the two classes overlap (emeralds being chromium beryl silicates) and neither is a species of the other. Or take the periodic table of the elements, and assume for the sake of simplicity that rows determine categories by number of electron shells and columns by number of outer shell electron gaps.


In 2016, Werner Eck published two bronze tablets showing fragments of the lex municipalis of Troesmis in Moesia inferior from the times of Marcus Aurelius' and Commodus' joint reign (177–180 AD). The text on tablet B starts within regulations on the minimum asset of election candidates. According to the editio princeps, the lex then raises the minimum age of candidates for priesthoods. The following reference to Augustan legislation is said to concern the calculation of the candidates' individual "legal age". A critical revision of the inscription's text leads to certain modifications.
Keywordsleges municipales; Roman elections; decuriones; lex Iulia de maritandis ordinibus; lex Papia Poppea


This study investigates how Japanese as a second language (JL2) learners verbalize events in a narrative story. It pays particular attention to the aspectual marking in narrative discourse. One scene of a fictional story is picked up to specify the linguistic encoding of the event in JL2 in crosslinguistic developmental perspective. The study is motivated by Slobin's work on "thinking for speaking" (Berman and Slobin 1994, Slobin 1991) in the field of first language (LI) acquisition. He claimed that language does not shape our thought; it acts as a "filter" on the way we talk about it. The study in Inaba (2004) investigated the aspectual marking of an event in a fictional story in Japanese and English narratives, and presented the following results. There are considerable differences in verbalization between Japanese and English narratives. The differences are attributed to the linguistic options provided by each language. Japanese and English children develop their linguistic proficiency in making use of the expressive options offered by the native language. These findings support Berman and Slobin's above-mentioned argument. This study, then, treats the question of whether or not second language (L2) development is "filtered" through the choice of LI perspectives, or the set of options provided by the LI, especially in the case of adult L2 learners who already have a particular perspective on events permitted by their LI. The theoretical background of the study in the field of L2 acquisition is Kellerman's proposal of the "transfer to nowhere" principle, which states that in verbalizing events in an L2, learners tend to seek linguistic tools which will permit them to maintain their LI perspectives, rather than to look for perspectives peculiar to the L2 (Kellerman, 1995). A fictional story elicited from adult JL2 learners at five different levels of JL2 proficiency was analyzed regarding developmental changes of the linguistic encoding. The focus of the study is aspectual marking in narrative discourse, since the preference for it is deeply connected to the linguistic possibilities provided by a particular language. The central issue is whether or not a linguistic representation of an event in L2 is filtered through the choice of perspectives, or the set of options provided by their LI. The first analysis presented the aspectual marking favored by JL2 learners across five proficiency levels, and characterized the encoding at each level. The second analysis compared the results from JL2 learners with those of JL1 and ELI development, presented in Inaba (2004), in order to explore L2 linguistic representation. The results are discussed within the framework of Kellerman's transfer to nowhere principle.


The invention discloses a spherical washing machine. The spherical washing machine comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, an inner cylinder driving device, a framework and a control system, wherein the inner cylinder driving device is mounted on the outer wall of the bottom of the outer cylinder and is connected with the inner cylinder by virtue of a driving shaft; a watertight door is arranged on the opposite side of the driving shaft of the inner cylinder; a watertight door is also arranged at the top of the inner cylinder; the control system is connected with the inner cylinder driving device; the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder are rotatably connected with the inner side of the framework by virtue of a horizontal rotation shaft. A horizontal type washing method and a vertical type washing method are adopted for using the spherical washing machine. The spherical washing machine has the advantages that the structure is simple, the water is saved and the clothes are not easy to wind.


The dipole moments of ten derivatives of (1-adamantyl)germane (I)-(X) of general formula 1-AdGeR/sub 3//sup i/, in which R/sub 3//sup i/=H/sub 3/ (I), Me/sub 3/ (II), Cl/sub 3/ (III), Br/sub 3/ (IV), I/sub 3/ (V), Me/sub 2/H (VI), Me/sub 2/Cl (VII), (OMe)/sub 3/ (VIII), (OEt)/sub 3/ (IX), (OCHME/sub 2/)/sub 3/ (X), and four tert-butyl derivatives of germanium t-BuGeR/sub 3/ were studied, in which R = Me (XI), Cl (XII), Br(XIII), I (XIV). As a result of the investigation of the ten derivatives, the enhanced polarity of these compounds relative to the usual alkylgermanes was show, which was associated with both the peculiarities of the structure of the adamantane skeleton, and with the high mobility of electron density in the GeX/sub 3/ group. The adamantyl substitutent showed acceptor properties.


Thirty years after Openness and Reform,all provinces in China try their best to attract FDI that can increase the fixed capital,and can promote the economic development through technological diffusion.The paper uses the time series data from 1985 to 2012,and empirically investigates impact of FDI on economic development of Guizhou province.Empirical results show that 1% increases of FDI attracted in Guizhou province can induce the 0.494% increases of outputs;that 1 percentage point increases of ratio of quantity of FDI to fixed assets investment can increase the 4.13% increases of outputs which is resulted from the technological diffusions.


In this paper, we focus on the structural complicity of international environmental law (IEL) in causing and exacerbating climate injustices. We aim to show that although the intentions behind IEL may be well-meaning, it often inadvertently, but also deliberately at times, plays a role in creating, sustaining and exacerbating the many paradigms that drive climate injustice in the Anthropocene. We focus on three aspects: IEL's neoliberal anthropocentrism; its entanglement with (neo)colonialism; and its entrenchment of the sovereign right to exploit energy resources. We conclude with a call for thoroughgoing, and urgent, reform of IEL.


Abstract A modified, equatorial Kelvin wave solution is obtained in the presence of the zonal-mean meridional circulation. The modified Kelvin wave solution, which is obtained via a perturbation expansion of the linearized, primitive equations on an equatorial β plane, possesses a nonzero meridional wind component. This meridional wind component is absent when the background flow is at rest. The combination of the meridional and zonal winds induces a meridional flux of zonal momentum in the upstream direction of the background north–south flow. This flux is divergent in latitude and produces a nonzero wave-induced force even though the waves are linear, steady, and conservative. It is shown that, although such a force violates the traditional nonacceleration theorem in which the mean meridional circulation is negligible at leading order, the result is in accord with a more general nonacceleration theorem obtained from the exact generalized Lagrangian-mean theory in which the mean meridional circulation is...


This test was conducted in a 4-year old peach orchard on the varieties 'Red Haven', 'Crest Haven', 'Loring', and 'Jefferson'. Single tree plots replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design were sprayed to runoff (ca 2 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 300 psi. Treatments were applied at 200 degree-days (7 May) and 400 degree-days (19 May) after first OFM catch with a pheromone trap. The baseline temperature for calculating degree-days was 45° F. For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with sulfur as needed. Sampling methods for OFM and TPB were as follows: OFM = avg no. of OFM damaged terminals/ tree; TPB = avg no. of TPB damaged fruit/100 fruit/tree.


An fistula occurring between the stomach and other abdominal internal organs or to the surface of the body is usually encountered as a complication of stomach cancer or colon cancer, peptic ulcer disease, or other variable causes. The most common type of gastric fistula is a gastro-colic fistula that is mainly found as a complication of a gastric carcinoma or of a carcinoma of the transverse colon invading each other. Sometimes, a benign gastric ulcer perforation also can cause a gastro-colic fistula. However, as far as we know, a fistula occurring between the stomach and the umbilicus has not been reported. Here we present a case report of a gastro-umbilical fistula in a young woman that manifested as a umbilical discharge.


Five species of Staphylinidae from Tunisia are described, illustrated and distinguished from similar congeners: Sunius bihamatus sp.n., Cypha armata sp.n., Paraleptusa goraaica sp.n., Geostiba (Trachyglutosipalia) mutabilis sp.n., and Oxypoda (Mycetodrepa) contempta sp.n. Several additional records of Staphylinidae of Zoogeographie interest are presented, among them eight first records from Tunisia, four of which are at the same time first records from North Africa.


Currently,portal websites are selling their advertising slots via negotiation which not only results in a lot of trading cost but can't guarantee the optimal revenue of portals.In this paper,we build a combinatorial auction model aiming at the advertising slots allocation problem which can reduce the middle cost.The model can let advertisers express their non-discriminate and super-additive utility of advertising slots.Through a special case of our model,we prove the optimization is a NP hard problem.By using the intrinsic characters of this model,we design four types of heuristic information for bid and two problem solvers: the binary ant colony algorithm and the greedy algorithm.The experiment results show that the performance of different type of heuristic information varies from different contexts and the binary ant colony algorithm is always better than the greedy algorithm.


The calculation of text coverage, that is the proportion of a text covered by a vocabulary of a given size, has become a standardized procedure in recent years. Such calculations provide important information for research and pedagogy about issues such as the goals of vocabulary learning and the ease or difficulty of particular texts. Chujo and Utiyama (2005) have pointed out that it is important to ensure that methodological issues involved in such calculations are properly addressed, and their research delineates the vocabulary size, sample size and text length needed to secure reliable results. However, one methodological issue that remains open to debate is how to deal with proper nouns.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce a seamless cylindrical photosensitive member having uniform thickness on a flexible sleeve. SOLUTION: An apparatus is constituted of a mandrel 106, a mandrel support assembly 108, a calender processing assembly 110, a drive device 112 and at least a heating member 114. A production method has a process forming a seamless cylindrical photopolymerizable member having uniform thickness on a flexible sleeve from a molten stream of a photopolymerizable material or a solid or molten sheet of the photopolymerizable material. The seamless cylindrical photosensitive member is formed on a polyester sleeve used in a printing cylinder.


Wireless channel models play a critical role at all stages of the development life cycle, from standards development to network deployment. Because most organized efforts to develop channel models are relatively short term and are designed mostly to support concept assessment and standards development, the distinctive needs and requirements for the channel models used at each stage of the cycle are rarely acknowledged. Here, based upon consideration of the needs and requirements for channel models across the product life cycle, we propose that such models be divided into three distinct types (I, II and III) based upon their role, generality, application, computational complexity, primary stake holders and time available to develop. We further propose that channel model development road maps be created that will allow developers concerned with particular wireless technologies and/or deployment scenarios to more effectively communicate their needs channel modelers.


The article is devoted to substantiation of pedagogical conditions of vocational training fundamentalization of future computer network specialists. Due to the dynamic development of the theory of automatic control, automation hardware and modern learning process requires constant updating of training programs, logistical support of the learning process and improve the content of training of future computer system specialists. The importance of the fundamentalization process of continuous vocational training


Recently, functional imaging such as fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) or difusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) represent an area of highly active research in oncology. DW-MRI is an advanced imaging modality that records the molecular diffusion of protons to further assess tissue caracter, providing the opportunity to differentiate post-treatment tumour recurrence from chemoradiotherapy-induced local tissue changes (1). In the case of PET/CT, besides providing useful diagnostic information regarding pretreatment staging (2,3) and post-treatment follow-up (4), intensity of FDG uptake is emerging as a valuable predictive factor regarding treatment outcome (5).


DBM-DB: the diamondback moth genome database Weiqi Tang1,2,y, Liying Yu1,2,3,y, Weiyi He1,3,y, Guang Yang, Fushi Ke, Simon W. Baxter, Shijun You, Carl J. Douglas and Minsheng You* Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Faculty of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou 350002, China, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia and Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada


The hospital pharmacy departments should implement strategies to control drug spending; one of these strategies is to review the availability of highly effective therapeutic alternatives against costly new treatments. The prescriptions should be assessed by several professionals in order to provide the patient with the most appropriate medication for his clinical condition. In many occasions, the hospital pharmacist may provide therapeutic alternatives that are equally or more effective at a much lower cost. These decisions should be based on proper clinical trials and scientific literature endorsing efficacy of the alternative treatments


A syntax directed compiler to simulate digital systems is described. The compiler has been written in Fortran IV for the IBM 7044, and is capable of simulating digital systems containing up to approximately 2500 logic elements. It is a two pass compiler. During the first pass it scans the source statements by using the Backus Normal Form definition of allowed syntax. From this a coded description of the program is constructed. During the second pass this coded program description is used to generate machine code in an order suitable for system simulation. The system being simulated is then evaluated on the basis of its cost and ability to satisfy predetermined input-output requirements.


Abstract Recovery narratives are an effective healing art medium that support individual development by virtue of the shared human experience transmitted through each story. Older adult recovery narratives are unique as they share their experiences of aging with a mental health conditions to support others with similar difficulties. Older adult recovery narratives offer encouragement of self-determination in late life, share lived experience of aging with a mental health condition, and promote age-related self-management skills development. The RecoverYdia smartphone app provides an online community for older adults with a lived experience of a mental health condition. RecoverYdia subscribers can search through hundreds of relevant videos and find the storyteller who tells the viewer's story, prompts them to reach out for help, and eventually inspires them to help others. This presentation will discuss the state of evidence regarding the evidence for recovery narratives across the globe and offer a RecoverYdia technology demonstration.


In recent years, depression has become more common among younger age groups in the Chinese Mainland. However, only a small amount of study has examined the prevalence of depression among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents, and little is known about how prejudice events such as homophobic bullying may impact this groups rates of depression. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms following experiences of bullying victimization among LGB adolescents. A case study analysis was performed using secondary sources from online surveys conducted by Common Language, Beijing LGBT Center, and international literature in sociology, psychology, and public health. The study demonstrated that victims of homophobic bullying frequently encounter issues with depressive symptoms. The psychological well-being of victims is greatly affected by challenges including an absence of social support, internalized homophobia, perceived discrimination, and hostile school climates. The resilience framework can offer insights on how to improve their mental health by using effective strategies for coping and intervention programs to address the issue.


The current status of heavy metal pollution in vegetables,the differences of the absorption and accumulation abilities in vegetables to heavy metals were reviewed.The influencing factors on the absorption of heavy metals in vegetables were synthetically analyzed.And some countermeasures for reducing and controlling heavy metal pollution in vegetables and the research direction and prospects in future were put forward.


This study investigated the effect of auditory (musical) rhythm on temporal parameters of the stride cycle and electromyographic (EMG) activity in gait of stroke patients. Ten subjects were studied over three trials. Each trial consisted of a baseline walk without rhythm and a walk with rhythm as pacemaker, marched to the step cadence of the baseline walk. Surface EMG on the gastrocnemius muscle and a dual walkway, consisting of pressure-sensitive voltage coded switch mats, were used to record data. Percentage change scores from no-rhythm to rhythm conditions were calculated for statistical analysis. Results showed several significant (p < .05) changes: (a) weight-bearing stance time on the paretic side and stride symmetry improved with rhythmic cuing; (b) magnitude of muscle activation during midstance/pushoff increased on the affected side and decreased on the nonaffected side; (c) variability of integrated amplitude ratios decreased during the midstance/pushoff phase on the affected side; (d) EMG activity during the swing phase also decreased on the affected side; (e) decrease in EMG variability and decrease in muscle activity during the swing phase were positively correlated with improvement in stride symmetry. Specificity of changes in muscle activation and improvement in temporal gait parameters suggest a strong entrainment effect of auditory rhythmic cues on temporal gait control in stroke patients.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the repertoire of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene transcribed and expressed within the autoimmune lesions of the salivary gland in the MRL/lpr mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome.

METHODS
Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were used to determine the prevalence of selected V gene elements on T cell infiltrates from salivary glands of MRL/lpr mice. To analyze TCR V beta gene usage, we used reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analyses.

RESULTS
A predominance of V beta 8+ T cells was detected within the inflammatory lesions during development of autoimmune disease (confirmed by flow cytometry). RT-PCR analysis revealed that in autoimmune sialadenitis, the predominant expression of the V beta 8 gene segment began in the early stages of disease (2-month-old mice) and increased over time. Extensive age-related diversity of TCR V beta gene usage was also observed. SSCP analysis demonstrated a distinct and common binding pattern of the V beta 8 gene PCR product from the cell infiltrates during the course of the disease.

CONCLUSION
Our data suggest that in the MRL/lpr mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome, there is restricted usage of TCR V beta elements according to the stage of the disease, and that V beta 8 are probably used preferentially in the recognition of a single unknown self antigen in the salivary gland.


Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan has taken profound measures to bring significant improvement in universities of Pakistan. HEC signed an agreement with Oracle PeopleSoft to equip universities with high-tech information technology (IT) solutions. To this end, HEC initially implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) campus management system in seven universities of Pakistan as a pilot project. However, there is a void in literature to evaluate these ERP implementations. This research formulates a conceptual model based on strong background theories to effectively evaluate the success of ERP system implementation. A questionnaire based online survey approach is used to collect data from 323 respondents. Findings of the paper result in a refined model for analysing success of ERP implementation. By employing this model, the paper also reports on the success and failure of ERP implementation. Finally, the undertaken study implies that its findings may substantially add regarding the future decisions of ERP implementations.


Abstract Apremilast (APR) is one of the drugs used for the treatment of patients with several immune- inflammatory conditions. Currently, the APR is available for the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. This research was aimed to develop the bio-analytical method for estimation of APR and its bioequivalence and pharmacokinetics using the RP-HPLC-UV method. The method was as per USFDA guidelines and analyzing APR in rat plasma by oral administration in rats. Aplex 30 mg tablet was taken as a reference product to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of the Alizap 30 mg tablet which was taken as a test product. The Cmax for the test product and reference product was found to be 154.85±1.34 and 168.54±1.78 ng/ml respectively. The tmax for test and reference product was found to be 15±0.17 min respectively. AUC0-t for test and reference product was found to be 32248.52±8.10 and 33746.83±17.64 ng/ml. AUC0-∞ for test and reference product was found to be 32248.52±10.52 and 42210.61±14.32 ng/ml respectively. The T1/2 for test product and reference product was found to be 134.45±1.30 and 175.87±1.47 respectively. The pharmacokinetic study shows no significant (p > 0.05) difference by statistical analysis between two products and hence Aplex 30 mg (Reference product) was found to be bioequivalent to Alizap 30 mg (Test product).


This article analyses the practice of the Polish administrative courts with respect to application of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, based on a case study of the judgment of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Warsaw of 6 May 2014 (case no. II SA/Wa 117/14), which concerned the recognition of distance learning degrees awarded by Ukrainian universities pursuant to the 1972 Prague Convention. It is argued herein that the reasoning of the court suffers from four major drawbacks: 1) it is at variance with the text, object and purpose of the Prague Convention; 2) it does not take into account the practice in the application of that treaty; 3) it misinterprets the silence of the preparatory work to the Prague Convention on certain issues; and 4) it is inconsistent with international judicial decisions as regards the interpretation of the 'special meaning' of one of the terms used in the Convention.


Objectives Depression is among the psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19, affecting more than 20% of the convalescents. Its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm, has been implicated in depressive disorders, and may thus be involved in post-COVID-19 depression. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies assessing peripheral IL-6 levels in convalescents who developed depression after COVID-19 vs. convalescents who did not. Results: Five studies were included in our systematic review, and four entered the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that post-COVID people with de novo depression did not have statistically significant differences in IL-6 levels compared to those without depression (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.35, 0.54, p-value = 0.68) Conclusions: Although convalescents with depression did not have significantly higher IL-6 levels than convalescents without depression, the results should be interpreted considering the limited sample size and the low power of the included studies.


Pamatang Sidamanik District, has a height of 780 meters above sea level (masl) and has an area of 137.80 km² (BPS Simalungun Regency, 2019). The nature of Pamatang Sidamanik Subdistrict is categorized as very fertile, so it is very potential for the development of Arabica coffee plants. Its area, which consists of highlands and evenly distributed rainfall throughout the year, is a requirement for producing good and quality coffee. This can also be seen from the presence of some residents who grow Arabica coffee in Sinaman II village as additional income and household needs. However, Arabica coffee in the village of Sinaman II is still not classified as a cultivated plant, this can be seen from the coffee production that has not been maximized. Based on these problems, it is certainly an obstacle to the development of Arabica coffee in the village of Sinaman II. So that the writer's heart was moved to conduct an Economic Anthropology study with a substantive approach entitled Anthropology Study of Arabica Coffee Farmers in Sinaman II Village, Pamatang Sidamanik District, Simalungun Regency.


This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61329301,
61374039, 61473163, and 61374127, the Hujiang Foundation of China under Grants C14002 andD15009, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK, the Royal Society of the UK, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany.


An air-assisted electrostatic-induction nozzle was designed.The basic designing theories,structure and working process of this nozzle were specified in the paper.And then the atomization quality and charge performances of this nozzle and its affecting factors were studied by carrying out performance experiment and statistic analysis.Within the experiment,air pressure at 0.4 MPa,liquid pressure at 0.25 MPa,jet orifice diameter at 2.0 mm were the most suitable parameters for the nozzle.


Blackberry Messenger is one of the popularly used instant messaging applications on Android with user's amount that increase significantly each year. The increase off Blackberry Messenger users might lead to application misuse, such as for commiting digital crimes. To conduct investigation involving smartphone devices, the investigators need to use forensic tools. Therefore, a research on current forensic tool's performance in order to handle digital crime cases involving Android smartphones and Blackberry Messenger in particular need to be done. This research focuses on evaluating and comparing three forensic tools to obtain digital evidence from Blackberry Messenger on Android smartphones using parameter from National Institute of Standard Technology and Blackberry Messenger's acquired digital evidences. The result shows that from comparative analysis conducted, Andriller gives 25% performance value, Oxygen Forensic Suite gives 100% performance value, and Autopsy 4.1.1 gives 0% performance value. Related to National Institute of Standard Technology parameter criterias, Andriller has performance value of 47.61%. Oxygen Forensic Suite has performance value of 61.90%. Autopsy 4.1.1 has performance value of 9.52%.


Objective To study the relationship between bone density and change of bone metabolism biochemical markers of osteoporosis, thereky differentiating osteoporotic patients with different bone metabolic levels and guiding clinical medication. Methods Sixty-five osteoporosis patients (27 men, 38 women) Blood tests for BGP, ALP-B and CTX, and bone density measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Norland, USA), using the special software developed by Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital; the diagnosis of osteoporosis ectablished when BMD≤-2.0 SD, and secondary Osteoporosis was excluded. Twenty-seven healthy subjects as normal controls underwent the same tests. Results The bone density of osteoporoic patients in various parts of the body was significomtly lower than that of the confrols. Blood BGP level was significanfly higher than that in the control group but the ALP-B and CTX did not show much differece. Among the biochemical markers of the osteoporotic patients, only ALP-B was closely relatied to the bone density of femoral neck and Ward's triangle. BGP and CTX did not show much connection with the bone density in other parts of the body. CTX had some relationship to Ward's triangle bone desity only in the healthy untrol group. Conclusions Bone metabolism biochemical markers is an effective means for evaluating bone Turn-over; combined with bone density measurement, it can properly and fully evaluate bone furn-over, rete, facilitating individualized treatment of osteoporosis. Sine there are no diffesenus in a number of bone metabolic biochemical markers between osteoporotic patients and healthy confrals these indices are not useful for diagnosis and differentiation of osteoporosis except for evahcation of therapeutic results.


Scholars have become increasingly aware of the benefits of multi-method research, through which the strengths of one method can offset the limits of another. Yet epistemological differences between interpretivists and researchers interested in quantitative methods and causal explanation have inhibited a potentially fruitful multi-method approach: combining discourse analysis and computer-assisted content analysis. The growing availability of digital text is creating new opportunities for combining these methods, so if scholars treat their epistemological assumptions as reconcilable and translatable epistemic wagers rather than incompatible commitments, there is much to be gained. Computer-assisted searches can quickly identify patterns in vast amounts of text and provide clues on which particular texts (and silences) merit a close reading and interpretation in context, and scholars versed in discourse analysis are adept at making such interpretations. Researchers from these two communities, who at present rarely cite one another's work, have much to learn from each other, and much to gain by working together.


Documents related to the case of The State of Texas vs. Tam Pascal, accused of burglary and theft, filed September 7, 1909. Documents are an arrest warrant and complaint filed against Tam Pascal. According to the complaint, Pascal broke into a store owned by Francis (?) Killingsworth in the town of Munchison, Texas.


Objective To investigate the protective effect and related mechanisms of agmatine on murine brain astrocytes after ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods The astrocytes were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury (oxygeon glucose deprivation-reperfusion,OGD-R).The efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and flow cytometric analysis were determined. Also, the production of NO were measured,the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) were detected by western blot analysis.Results The viability of astrocyte was increased and the efflux of LDH were reduced by agmatine treatmented.By FITC-Annexin V/PI staining, the data demonstrated that agmatine decreased the necrosis rate but not the apotosis rate.The contents of NO production were reduced,and the expression of iNOS were decreased by agmatine, too.Conclusion Agmatine has a protective effect on astrocyte after ischemia-reperfusion injury,which maybe related to its inhibitory effect on iNOS-NO pathway.


Acute or chronic leukemias resist apoptosis in vitro when co-cultured with marrow stromal cells, suggesting that the growth/survival of leukemia cells relies in part on interactions with stromal cells in the microenvironment. We have recently demonstrated that consistent and high-level engraftment of human primary leukemia obtained from patients can be achieved in NOD/scid mice by preconditioning with either adherent cord blood or marrow mesenchymal stem cells. High success rate of engraftment (84.9 ± 2.9 % leukemia blasts in mouse marrow) was obtained with many lineages of leukemia including acute T- or B-cell lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia. In general, leukemia blasts were detectable in peripheral blood of mice by week 4–5, leading to fatal outcome by week 6 (42 ± 4 days). Furthermore, cells from the marrow of these preconditioned mice were found to secrete leukemia-promoting activities, suggesting that the mouse marrow had been altered to favor the proliferation/survival of leukemic cells in vivo. We also showed that the human leukemia cells harvested from mice could be serially transferred to other mice for many generations with ~100 fold increase in the number of leukemic and clonogenic cells in mice, while retaining properties similar to primary leukemia samples obtained from patients. Several lines of evidence in our studies including the appearance of leukemia blasts in marrow and blood, the dissemination to other tissues, and gene expression profiling in microarray analysis confirm that this xenograft model recapitulates key features of human leukemia. Furthermore, weekly i.p. injections of NOD/scid mice with vincristine at 0.5 mg/kg for three weeks, starting at second week after inoculation of patients primary leukemia, resulted in a significant delay in the appearance of human leukemia blasts in blood, doubly the length of mouse survival. In addition, pairs of primary leukemia samples collected at diagnosis and at relapse from the same patients were engrafted into NOD/scid mice. The NOD/scid mice transplanted with either samples developed leukemia in mouse peripheral blood at week 4–5 with similar kinetics after inoculation. However, weekly vincristine treatment x 3 of the mice transplanted with diagnosis leukemia samples, prevented the appearance of leukemia blast cells in the circulating peripheral blood for at least 5 weeks. In contrast, similar treatment of mice engrafted with relapse leukemia samples had 50% leukemia blasts in blood at week 5 and subsequently developed fatal leukemia dissemination at week 7. These findings indicate that this robust high level engraftment model of human primary leukemia may be useful in predicting clinical response to chemotherapy. Evidence has further suggested that these human leukemia in NOD/scid mice may be derived from a small subset of immature stem cells in the samples that give rise to leukemia expansion and phenotypic diversity in these mice. Therefore, we had developed a robust and predictive animal model of human primary leukemia, which is valuable for studying leukemia stem cells and for testing or prioritizing new agents/regimens in vivo.


This research is conducted to analyse the main factors which have emerged in classical theories related to intention to adopt the eBanking services by customers. The study is based on several models that have been created for describing and predicting the reasons for users accepting or rejecting a piece of technology. These models identified three factors that would influence the adoption of Internet banking: attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Finally, we realised a synthesis of these variables that will be used to create a model for adoption the eBanking by Romanian customers.


Abstract Samples of Cladonia mitis were collected from three microhabitats within an open field in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Two sets of sample thalli were taken in close proximity to geothermal vents and a third from a neighbouring area not directly affected by outgassings. Enzymes were extracted and separated by isoelectric focusing, and multiple enzyme forms of three oxidoreductases, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase, and two hydrolases, esterase and alkaline phosphatase, were examined. Similarities between microhabitats based on electrophoretic results were calculated using Jaccard's similarity coefficient and expressed graphically through the complementary techniques of clustering and ordination. All of the major differences in isozyme patterns between remote samples and those near fumaroles were in the two highly polymorphic enzymes, esterase and alkaline phosphatase. Differences were as great or greater than those between geographically separated conspecific populations of lichens examined previously. In the more sulphurous microhabitats, nine bands were much more frequent and eight much less so than in locations further from the source of gases.


Systematic geochemical studies have been conducted on the North Kueda Pluton,West Kunlun,in order to reveal its petrogenesis and tectonic implications.The North Kueda Pluton is a potassium-rich(K2O>5.4wt%)I-type granitic pluton and does not contain any alkaline ferromagnesian mineral.Its relatively high REE,LILE(e.g.Rb,Cs,U and Th)and HFSE(e.g.Nd,Zr)contents make it very akin to the A-type granites.Its heterogenenous Sr(^87Sr/^86Sri=0.7049-0.7098)and Nd(eNdT=-1.05--4.04)isotope compositions preclude the possibility of a pure sedimentary or igneous source.Instead,its geochemical compositions suggest that it may be derived from partial melting of a complex source,which onsists of igneous and sedimentary rocks.Its intraplate characteristics,together with coeval mafic dykes, indicate an extensional environment at the end of Caledonian.The recognition of the extensional event does not support a continuous subduction-accretion model for the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Mountains.On the Contrary,it provides new evidence for the twostage island-arc model.


Aiming for multi-functions of the materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with multiple components can be assembled from multiple inorganic and organic building units. However, it remains a challenge to further increase the number of components in one single framework, due to the difficulties in designing structures in which all components can participate in order and the complications in avoiding the exponentially increased possibilities of obtaining unwanted mixed phases. In this talk, we will report the creation of ordered metal vacancies and linker vacancies in a cubic MOF by symmetry guided removing the metal ions and the linkers. By filling the vacancies with new metals and new linkers, new single-crystalline MOFs with multi-components (two metals and two linkers) in absolute order are introduced. Furthermore, a multi-component MOF structure was prepared from three kinds of SBUs, which are 3-, 5, and 6-connected vertices, by topological induction. Recently, by incorporating Cu ion into the multi-component framework, we have shown that the valence of the Cu ion can be switched between Cu(I) and Cu(II) without destroying the framework. The redox activity of these open metal sites was further evidenced by H2O2 decomposition, CO oxidation, and alcohol oxidation reactions. [1


Reserves difficult to recover in Sichuan-west region have great development potential,which the reserves evaluation can provide the supervision for exploitation of the uniformity gas reserves.The gas reserves of Jura in the depression of Sichuan-west belong to lake basin and deltaic deposit.The ore masses interlace one another in the vertical orientation and the phase tract change frequently in the plane.The reserves have the characteristics of densification.The exploitation dynamic characteristics include the low production and pressure,shortness of period of stabilized production,and smallness of controllable reserves.Furthermore,many reserves are difficult to recover,whose exploitation is confined by the completeness of development technique and the change of economic policy,as a result,it has the timeliness and phase character.In regarding to the exploitation characteristic of tight sandstone gas reserves of low permeability in the west region of Sichuan,the paper tells of the reserves estimate from the geology,movability as well as economic aspects of reserves which are difficult to recover.


COVID-19 is having a profound effect on societies worldwide and the impact that it is having on children cannot be underestimated. Although Brodin (1) stated that the disease tends to be mild in children, psychopathological considerations allow us to assume that the pandemic will have a high risk of long-term paediatric psychiatric sequelae and interdisciplinary preventative measures are needed.


Abstract Our general aim is to give sufficient conditions for robustness behavior and convergence to the equilibrium point of linear time-varying fractional system's solutions. We approach this problem using as a framework a series of recent results due to Cong et al. We establish theorems that generalize in several ways many previously published results, including those of Cong et al. We use the proposed theorems in control and adaptive systems, proving convergence and robustness of such schemes, that up to date remain as unsolved problems, showing the wide scope of applications of our results.


Objective
To formulate a personalized nursing intervention plan for the prevention of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) for patients with lower limb tibiofibula fractures of lower extremity, and to implement the plan and discuss its application effect.

Methods
A total of 100 cases of patients with lower limb tibiofibula fractures who underwent surgery in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2015 were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, namely, the routine nursing group and individualized nursing group.Autar scale was adopted by the intervention group to evaluate the risk of blood clots within 24 hours after admission and within one week after surgery respectively. The risk of DVT for patients was assessed comprehensively by the clinical and biochemical index D-dimer and the objective monitoring results of lower extremity ultrasonic, thus the targeted doctor-nurse-patient trinity intervention measures were implemented based on the evaluation results.The control group adopted routine nursing methods.The incidence of DVT, length of hospital stay and cost of treatment, self-care ability of patients and D-dimer numerical changes 5~7 days after surgery of the two groups were compared.

Results
There were 5 cases of postoperative venous thrombosis in conventional nursing group, while there was no case of deep vein thrombosis (P<0.05) in the intervention group.The incidence of postoperative DVT of intervention group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Length of hospital stay and cost of treatment of the intervention group was obviously lower than that of conventional nursing group (P<0.05), and the score of self-care ability and patients' satisfaction was higher than that of normal group (P<0.05), the D-dimer level after 5 to 7 days after surgery of intervention group was obviously lower than that of control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Personalized perioperative nursing intervention measures were formulated according to the comprehensive assessment of risk of blood clots, which improved the motility of patients, improved the quality of life of patients, reduced the treatment cost and shortened the length of hospital stay, increased patients' satisfaction.At the same time, it improved the utilization of medical resources, provided patients with safe, excellent and effective health care services, and provided scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of DVT.

Key words:
The personalized nursing; Deep vein thrombosis; Perioperative prevention; Biochemical indicator


The dynamics of small, heavy, spherical particles are investigated in an analytical model of the stretched counterrotating streamwise braid vortices commonly found in three‐dimensionally evolving mixing layers. The flow field consists of two superimposed rows of Stuart vortices of opposite sign, with an additional two‐dimensional strain field. The particle dynamics are determined by a balance of inertial, gravitational, and viscous drag forces, i.e., the dimensionless Stokes and Froude numbers, St and Fr, as well as by the dimensionless strain rate, and the Stuart vortex family parameter. Equilibrium points for the particles, as well as their stability criteria, are determined analytically, both in the absence and in the presence of gravity, and for different orientations of the gravity vector. In the absence of gravity, accumulation of low St particles can occur at the center of the braid vortices. An analytical expression for the critical particle diameter, below which accumulation is possible, is deriv...


The object of this report is to assemble information on and describe the situation for the development of hybrid vehicles and various alternatives within this field of development. In the report the description is concentrated mainly on the combination of combustion engine and electric battery,which is the most common combination in present day hybrid vehicles. In order to take a glimpse into the future even the combination of fuel cells and electric battery is described. (A)


Photinia × fraseri is a well-known green plant mainly distributed in the Yangtze River and Yellow River Basin, east and southwest of China (Guan et al. 2013). In October 2020, typical leaf blight symptoms on roughly 10% leaves in a Photinia × fraseri shrub were observed in the campus of Sichuan Agricultural University (30°42'19″ N, 103°51'29″ E). Initially, chlorotic lesions with brown margins occurred on the leaf margin, then the large patches formed to cause leaves necrotic, finally lesions to dry and acervulus bred in 2-4 months later. Five single conidium isolates were carried out (Chomnunti et al. 2014) cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ℃. All isolates shared similarly morphological characteristics, which was white and thin, and the reverse were yellowish. Mycelium was hyaline, sparsely septate, measuring 1-4 μm in diam. Conidiogenesis formed after 7 days. Conidiogenous cells were discrete, lageniform, smooth, thin-walled, colorless. Conidia were fusiform, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 21-30 × 5-7 μm (x ̅= 27 × 6.0 μm, n=30); basal cells were obconic with truncate base, hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, 4-7 μm long (x ̅= 5.5 μm, n=30); three median cells were doliiform with thick walls, concolorous, olivaceous, constricted at the septa, and septa and periclinal walls were darker than the rest of the cell, 14-20 μm long (x ̅= 17 μm, n=30); apical cells were hyaline, conic to cylindrical, 3.0-6.5 μm long (x ̅= 4.5 μm, n=30), with 2-4 (mostly 3) tubular apical appendages arising from the upper portion, rarely branched, 7.5-18 μm long (x ̅= 12 μm, n=50); basal appendage was single, unbranched, 3-10 μm long (x ̅= 6.5 μm, n=30). DNA was extracted from the representative strain (SICAUCC 21-0012), and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the large subunit of the nrDNA (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), and partial sequences of β-tubulin (tub2) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced with primers ITS5/ITS4, LR0R/LR5, 728F/1567R, and Bt2a/Bt2b, respectively (Zhang et al. 2012, Ariyawansa & Hyde 2018). The sequences were deposited in GenBank, viz. MZ453106, MZ453108, MZ467300, MZ467301, respectively. The nucleotide blast showed 99% (ITS, 0 gaps), 100% (tub2, 0 gaps), 100% (tef1-α, 0 gaps) identities with the ex-type Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola Yan M. Zhang & K. D. Hyde (IFRDCC 2440). The fungus was identified as P. trachicarpicola combined with phylogeny and morphology (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012, Zhang et al. 2012). To conduct Koch's postulates, five healthy 6-year-old P. × fraseri were inoculated with 10 µl spore suspension (106 conidia/ml) onto the wounded sites (five leaves per plant, ~1 to 2 years old) via sterile pin, and five healthy plants treated with sterile dH2O as controls (Yang et al. 2021). The plants were placed in a greenhouse at 25°C with relative humidity >80%. After 2 months, leaf blight symptoms gradually emerged on inoculated leaves, and the controls were symptomless. Fungal isolates from symptomatic plants showed similar morphological characteristics as SICAUCC 21-0012, and the pathogen was not isolated from asymptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight caused by P. trachicarpicola on Photinia × fraseri in China. Disease management should be adopted properly to restore and improve its ornamental value.


We describe an adaptive decision making architecture which is applied to competitive games. The task is to learn online a model of the current opponent strategy which is used to predict the next opponent actions in order to find an appropriate counter-strategy. We show this for the iterated prisoner's dilemma and rock-paper-scissors. In comparison with three other methods against different typical game strategies as opponents, our system performs best in most cases. In some experiments, the best prediction accuracy did not lead to the best payoff. This phenomenon is discussed in more detail.


Objective: To study whether ASCM(autologous stem cell migration),which usually was used to treat maglignant hematological disease,could be performed saftely in the out of laminar flow ward or not.Methods: We observed the dynamic changes of blood cells of patients treated with ASCM in different therapeutic environments and compared the therapy related complication of those patients.Results: The recovery periods of blood cell counts of patients were not associated with the therapeutic environment and no significant difference was found in the therapy related complications of those patients.Conclusion: The results suggested that,in some patients with maglignant hematological disease,this therapeutic approach could be performed in the common single ward.


oelectric sensors which are mounted on the plate surface. The PCA algorithm is adopted for the dimension reduction of the large original data sets. Afterwards, a new two-layer SVM regression framework is proposed to improve the impact location accuracy. For a comparison study, the conventional backpropagation neural networks (BPNN) approach is implemented as well. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy achieves much better locating accuracy in comparison with the conventional approach.


To remove the chemical iron interference in the determination of selenium in rocks, soils and stream sediments by Continuous Flow Hydride Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (CF-HG-ICP-AES), a liquid-liquid extraction using ammonium pyrrolidine-l-yl-dithio-formate (APDC) as a masking agent and chloroform as an extracting agent at pH 0.5-2.0 is proposed. Quantitative extraction of copper interfering seriously with the selenium determination by HG-ICP-AES is also achieved. Selenium could be accurately determined for selenium : iron ratios of 1 : 10 6 , with a detection limit of 0.15 ng ml -1 . Application of the method to Geochemical Standard Reference Samples demonstrated that results were statistically in good accordance with certified values.


The record of these proceedings aspires to create a continuation of the reflection on ideas and inquiries of fact that animated the discussions of the Transnational Organised Crime Conference convened by the Hong Kong Police in March 18–21, 2002. The papers to follow distil many of the issues and problems now encountered in confronting organised crime or 'serious criminal networks' in the era of globalisation. The topic of crime, as it is realised at the international level, has become a meeting point for a host of concerns about human security, rapid social change and problems arising from the relentless march of technology. This is reflected in the participation of law enforcement agencies from over forty countries, representing all parts of the world, whose engagement is essential if the toxic and universal effects of organised crime are to be curtailed.


Research of an opportunity of formation of nanostructures on a surface of the graphite samples is now one of most actively developing directions of laser physics [1-4]. Development of the given branch is connected by that properties formed nanostructures essentially depend on parameters of laser radiation (length of a wave, duration of a pulse, the form of a beam), the laser systems developed recently allow to capture the big range of the given parameters that allows to expect for generation nanostructures with the set properties. In the given work as object of research it was used glass carbon (GC). Because of the amorphous structure, the given material rather easily gives in to action of laser radiation with density of power not exceeding 107 W/sm2. The specified range of intensity now is distributed enough in technological laser systems. In the carried out experiments dependences of morphological properties generated nanostructures from distance to the center of area of action are found out. It is shown, that mechanisms of their formation have the various nature. Attributes of formation of melt in the center of a laser cavity and precipitated layer from a gas phase behind borders of area of action are fixed.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a teaching-learning program using the history of science on elementary school students' academic achievement, science attitude, and science process skill. Subjects were 72 students of two groups in the 5 th Grade. A experimental group of 36 was instructed 10 lessons in unit of 'our body' using the history of science. The history of science materials used in this program included 4 explicit method, which are Eii, Eij, Eik and Ea type, and 1 implicit method which is I type. The contents validity of this program was reviewed by the science education specialists. The results of the study were as follows: Students of experimental group showed statistically more significant increase in academic achievement and science attitude than control group students. However, there was no significant difference on science process skill between the instruction by applying a teaching-learning program using the history of science and the traditional instruction. Since this program using the history of science is effective for the attitude improvement of elementary school students as well as academic achievement, it is highly likely to be used as the science education material for students with the low affective area. Key words : history of science, teaching and learning program using the history of science, our body, elementary school students


Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic and highly disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although described as a single phenomenon, FOG is not univocal and can express as different manifestations, such as trembling in place or complete akinesia. We aimed to analyze the utility of deep learning trained on inertial measurement unit data to classify FOG into both manifestations. We developed a temporal convolutional neural network, which we compared to three state-of-the-art FOG detection algorithms that were adapted to the FOG manifestation detection task. Next, we investigated its performance in distinguishing between the two manifestations and other forms of movement cessation (e.g., volitional stopping and sitting) based on gold-standard video annotations. Experiments were conducted on a dataset of twelve PD patients with FOG that completed a FOG-provoking protocol, including the timed-up-and-go and 360-degree turning-in-place tasks during ON and OFF anti-Parkinsonian medication. The results showed that our model enables accurate detection of FOG manifestations with an 11.43% higher F1 score than the second-best model. Assessment of FOG manifestation severity was moderately strong for trembling in place (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC)=0.64, [0.16,0.88]) and strong for complete akinesia (ICC=0.87, [0.63,0.96]). Remarkably, our results show that complete akinesia can be distinguished from volitional stopping. In conclusion, we established that FOG manifestations could be accurately detected and assessed with deep learning. Future work should establish whether these results hold firm for a more extensive and varied verification cohort.


Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are projected as relatively cleaner technologies for the abatement of water pollution. This paper investigates the Fenton process as a potential tool for the degradation and eventual mineralization of a textile dye, Rhodamine B (RhB), in water. The effects of activation sources such as microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and solar energy (SL) on the efficiency of the process were tested. Solar and solar catalytic Fenton processes are identified as the best processes and accordingly, relevant reaction parameters are identified and optimized. The optimum ratio of Fe2+:H2O2 obtained is 1:3 at 15 mg/l of RhB concentration and at pH 3–3.5, showing a degradation efficiency of 47% within 30 min of solar irradiation. ZnO enhanced solar Fenton mineralization of RhB. Persulfate (PS) enhances degradation moderately. The study demonstrated the potential of recycling Fe2+ by periodic replenishment of H2O2. Major reaction intermediates formed were identified by the LC-MS method. Photoluminescence (PL) spectral studies showed a progressive increase in •OH radical formation during solar irradiation. The study has proven that solar Fenton and solar catalytic Fenton processes are efficient AOPs for the complete mineralization of RhB and thus present an economic and environment-friendly technology to remove recalcitrant RhB pollutants from water.


A longitudinal study was made of the 3D development of subsurface enamel lesions in whole human molars. X-ray microtomography (XMT) was used to measure the 3D distribution of linear attenuation coefficients in the tissue at 8–15 stages during cumulative times of 36–107 days demineralisation through ∼1-mm-wide windows. Although lesion morphology was consistent with preferential anisotropic dissolution parallel to enamel prisms at the advancing front, detail (at a scale of ∼100 µm) varied in relation to exposed surface sites separated by <1 mm. The distribution of mineral in the most superficial region varied across the exposed face of each lesion. Within lesions, localised foci of low mineral concentration (at a scale of ∼200 µm) retained their general form through successive stages of demineralisation before coalescing. The most advanced regions within a lesion seemed to correspond with surface regions with lowest mineral concentration. These findings indicate that local variations in fractional pore volume of partially demineralised enamel influence the subsequent spatial development of lesions.


SUMMARY Eighty-four diseased and defective chickens before shipment for meat inspection were obtained from broiler farms and examined pathologically and bacteriologically. Most affected birds showed depression, stunted growth, lameness and paralysis. At autopsy, more than half of all chicken had spondylopathy (59/84 cases), and spinal (corpus vertebrae) abscesses were seen in the affected area in nearly one half of them (27/59 cases). Histopathologically, granulomatous inflammation with gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli was observed in the vertebral abscess. Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus spp. were detected by the abscess in affected corpus vertebrae and other infectious lesions in a bacteriological inspection. Staphylococcus aureus was detected from only one sample from group C.


The experimental comparison of different types of h eat transfer enhancement techniques or methods in heat exchangers by extended surfaces, obstructio n devices and swirl flow device. The system has fol lowed different geometric profiles for attainable heat tr nsferred in experimental result and compare with s imulation result. The objective of these Experiments is to as sist the general heat transfer processes and the me thods and devices that can be implemented to enhance more hea t transfer rate. The experimental setup and apparat us required to carry out the double pipe heat exchange r experiment. The apparatus includes tube-within-atube heat exchangers with threaded thermometer at each e nd, measuring flask, a water pump and electric geys er device. Three of the four heat exchangers are modif ied by one type of the above-mentioned heat transfe r enhancement techniques. These methods used to found t the heat loss from the surface and related temperature of fluid motions also used to found the eff ctiveness, the effectiveness are having to com pare the different flow rates for which one is maximum possi ble heat transfer in double pipe heat exchanger. An nular method is higher rate of heat transfer than other t ree methods.


For selecting large-capacity AC high-voltage generator circuit breakers in a large generator system,comparative calculations are conducted for a million kilowatts rated generator following the standards of GB/T 14824—2008,IEEE Std C37.013—1997 and IEC 60909-0—2001.The calculation results and the test reports of generator circuit breakers are analyzed,and a suggestion is hence offered that absolute value of short-circuit current should be used for examining the short-circuit current breaking capacity of an AC high-voltage generator circuit breaker instead of percentage value.


While Reed and Horne offer the clever insight that religion functions as "the spiritual equivalent of a Microsoft operating system" in the South, the metaphor is finally too dry. As the contributors to this volume well attest, southern religion is not just invisibly controlling; it is also primitive, visceral, seductive, oppressive, magnetic, dangerous, and exciting. Anyone (female or male) who has ever suffered from a sanitized spiritual life will find the germs of healing in this brave, quirky, and deeply faithful book.


We study the observability of don' t -care sets and propose a method for m ultilevel logic optimization throu gh calcu-lating the observable don' t -care sets at the gates in a network.The maximum sets of permissible functions can be de-rived.Consequently an improved method for the design of large -scale int egrated circuits is developed.


In the present work, the fabrication and characterization of lightweight magnesium matrix composites reinforced with Si_3N_4 were carried out. The high surface tension of liquid magnesium limits the compatibility of magnesium alloys with advanced ceramic materials such as TiC, SiC, and Si_3N_4. However, the passive oxidation of silicon nitride (Si_3N_4) and its respective formation of surface amorphous SiO_2 decrease the contact angle and increase the wettability between the AZ91E alloy and Si_3N_4. The passive oxidation of Si_3N_4 allowed the fabrication of matrix composites AZ91E, reinforced with Si_3N_4 by pressureless infiltration. The results provide a new series of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with Si_3N_4 with the possibility of modifying volume fraction, particle size, morphology, or distribution of the reinforcement. Graphical Abstract


Invasive fungal infections have increasingly become a matter of concern with regard to patients receiving intensive myelosuppressive therapy for hematologic malignancies. Such infections, especially prolonged neutropenia systemic fungal infections, may contribute substantially to infectious complications and early death. Measures for early detection and effective prophylactic strategies using active and nontoxic antifungal agents are therefore urgently needed.


The aim of this study was to analyse the distribution of regulatory and inhibitory mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad) proteins as markers of active transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue and to investigate the effect of TGF‐β blockade in the development and progression of collagen‐induced arthritis. The expression of Smad proteins in synovial tissues from RA, osteoarthritic and healthy controls was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice by immunization with chicken type‐II collagen (CII). TGF‐β was blocked in vivo with the specific peptide p17 starting at the time of immunization or on the day of arthritis onset. T cell population frequencies and specific responses to CII were analysed. The expression of cytokines and transcription factors was quantified in spleen and joint samples. Statistical differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U‐test or one‐way analysis of variance (anova) using the Kruskal–Wallis test. p‐Smad‐2/3 and inhibitory Smad‐7 expression were detected in RA and control tissues. In RA, most lymphoid infiltrating cells showed nuclear p‐Smad‐2/3 without Smad‐7 expression. Treatment with TGF‐β antagonist did not affect clinical severity, joint inflammation and cartilage damage in collagen‐induced arthritis. Frequency of T cell subsets, mRNA levels of cytokines and transcription factors, specific proliferation to CII, serum interleukin (IL)‐6 and anti‐CII antibodies were comparable in p17 and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS)‐treated groups. The pattern of Smad proteins expression demonstrates active TGF‐β signalling in RA synovium. However, specific TGF‐β blockade does not have a significant effect in the mice model of collagen‐induced arthritis.


Harbour seal ( Phoca vitulina ) numbers along the coast of Iceland were monitored by aerial survey in the period 1980-2006. Trends in the abundance of the harbour seal population on the whole coast and in coastal regions of Iceland waters were estimated using ANCOVA on the survey counts, corrected for the influence of several covariates. Harbour seals were found in every coastal area, but were most abundant in Faxafloi, Breiðafjorður and on the northwest coast in the beginning of this study. Harbour seal numbers declined significantly at a rate of rest = -0.04 (SE 0.005) yr-1 during this period. Decline was highest in Faxafloi and at the south coast (≅7%), while the east coast experienced a significant but lesser (≅1%) decline. Other coastal areas did not show significant trends. The northwest coast was the richest harbour seal area in Iceland in 2006. In Icelandic waters seals are commercially harvested, and unreported but probably high numbers of harbour seals are killed intentionally by shooting and accidentally in fishing gear each year. These factors likely contributed to the overall observed decline in seal numbers.


The purpose of this paper was to find out the effect of servant leadership (SL) on knowledge sharing (KS). Job crafting (JC) was proposed to mediate between SL and KS, whereas, proactive personality (PP) was hypothesised to moderate the effect. Knowledge is an important asset for organisations in order to gain competitive advantage. Although the telecommunication sector of Pakistan is progressing well there is still need of innovation in this sector. As cellular companies are facing major issues regarding KS, managerial level employees of mobile companies from the telecommunication sector of Pakistan were the target population. A total of 420 questionnaires were distributed among managerial level staff. After initial data screening only 267 questionnaires were left for further analysis. Structural Equations Modelling, twostep approach, was used to perform the confirmatory factor analysis and test the hypotheses. Results revealed that SL has a positive effect on KS, and JC partially mediates the effect of SL and KS. PP strengthened the effect of SL on JC and KS. This study has important implications for the literature on SL, KS, JC and PP and gives insight into the relationship between JC and PP. Findings guide the managers to practice SL in order to create a KS climate in their organisations. Moreover, encouragement for JC would also have important implications.


Traffic engineering has been extensively studied to maximize network resource utilization while minimizing call blocking [1]. As the the demand for high data rate services over wide area networks (WAN) continue to grow [2], and as traffic patterns become subject to more frequent changes, resource utilization and the ability to guarantee quality-of-service become more important. However, accurate, predictive traffic models are difficult to construct [3], implying that the routing mechanism will need to adapt to the difference between the anticipated and the observed loads. Online routing based on network residual capacity plays an important role in such settings, since optimal offline solutions require knowledge of future traffic, rendering long-term optimization nearly impossible. shortest path first (SPF) based routing is fast and is currently the most widely-used online algorithm for optical networks. Many variants of SPF, like CSPF (Constrained SPF), have been proposed to further reduce blocking and network congestion. This paper focuses on the problem of online open routing for connection-oriented optical networks. As part of the major contributions of this paper, we propose a novel online, link-state based routing algorithm called reduced flow routing (RFR), an oracular optimization model, and an efficient network provisioning algorithm. The RFR algorithm uses a fast analysis of each potential route's impact on future requests to select amongst the available choices. The strategy of RFR leverages information about network topology and residual capacity to reduce blocking by rejecting 20% less connection requests relative to other online routing algorithms with little additional cost. The RFR algorithm can be integrated readily into current and future Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) networks as well as many other relevant networks.


Biofuels groups protest against OPEC • July fall in crude oil drags down US ethanol and Asian biodiesel • EU ethanol price increases in August • Canada sets 5% biofuel in gasoline by 2010 © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


We use a method which employs a dynamic calculation of magnetization motion to find both the static configuration and the spin wave excitations in a ferromagnet/antiferromagnet layered structure. Our results for the static structure are similar to those found in Koon's model; i.e., in zero applied field the ferromagnet points perpendicularly to the easy axis of the antiferromagnet, and the surface spins of the antiferromagnet are in a surface spin flop configuration. The calculated hysteresis curve for this structure shows a small exchange bias, in agreement with typical experimental results. We explore how this bias depends on the parameters of the antiferromagnet and on the nature of the interface coupling. We further examine models for antiferromagnets with both compensated and uncompensated surfaces. We show that the structure calculated by Koon is unstable at higher reversed magnetic fields but that this instability can be suppressed by an easy-plane anisotropy.