Studies of age differences in face recognition have shown age-related increases in false-alarm errors: elderly persons exceed young adults in judging new faces to be old. To distinguish among theoretical accounts of this finding, we compared young and elderly subjects in two recognition tasks: (1) that ofjudging whether faces were recent or nonrecent, and (2) that ofjudging whether faces were famous or nonfamous. The major independent variable was prior presentation offaces including nonrecent and nonfamous foils-l week before the test. False recent judgments in response to nonrecent faces and false famous judgments in response to nonfamous faces were higher among the elderly. Moreover, these age-related differences in false-alarm rates were larger for faces viewed 1 week previously than for entirely new faces. The findings suggest that, com pared to young adults, older individuals rely relatively more on perceived familiarity, and rela tively less on recollection of context, in making recognition decisions. A critical function of long-term memory is the recog nition of persons, often by their faces. The ecological im portance of face recognition across the lifespan, and the early development of face recognition has been actively researched Dziurawiec, 1989). Yet the relation of aging to face recognition has but scant attention. The available studies suggest near age invariance in correct old judgments in response to previ ously viewed faces (i.e., hit rates). However, elderly per sons exceed young adults in erroneous old judgments in response to new faces (i.e., false-alarm rates; see, e.g., Bartlett, Leslie, Tubbs, & Fulton, 1989). effect gen eralizes across levels of


Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab and subsequent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC) for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) in eyes that underwent previous 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV). Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative, and consecutive case series study. We reviewed the medical records of patients with NVG who underwent trabeculectomy with MMC after intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) injection and compared the surgical outcomes according to 23-gauge TSV history. Surgical success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥6 mm Hg and ≤21 mm Hg without additional glaucoma surgery or loss of light perception. The main outcome measures were postoperative IOP control, visual acuity, and complications. Results: A total of 27 patients (27 eyes) were included; 12 patients with 23-gauge TSV history (TSV group) and 15 patients without vitrectomy history (nonvitrectomized group). The cumulative probability of success after trabeculectomy with MMC was 82.5% and 73.3% after one year for the TSV group and the nonvitrectomized group, respectively (p = 0.523). Mean IOP decreased from 37.3 ± 9.0 mm Hg preoperatively to 12.8 ± 6.2 mmHg at the final visit in the TSV group (p = 0.002). Mean IOP decreased from 40.3 ± 9.7 mm Hg preoperatively to 17.8 ± 11.7 mm Hg at the final visit in the nonvitrectomized group (p = 0.001). Preoperative and final IOP were not significantly different between the two groups. Complications were comparable between the groups. Conclusions: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection and subsequent trabeculectomy with MMC is an effective method for controlling IOP in patients with NVG associated with sutureless vitrectomy. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016;57(4):607-613


ASSAKUL, KWANCHAI. Testing HYPotheses with Categorical Data Subject to Misclassification. (Under the direction of 9HARLES HARRY PROCTOR.) A random process of misclassification in contingency tables is represented as a non-singular matrix e. The entries give the chances that an individual, belonging in fact to the (i,j,k, ••. )-th cell of a contingency table, is counted as in the (i' ,j' ,k' , ••. )-th cell. This would be written e"'jj'kk' , and the sums over all different (i' ,j', ~~ 0 • Cl k', •.. ) for each fixed (i,j,k, .•. ) are ones. HYPothesized cell probabilities of the observed data under misclassification are related to the cell probabilities under no misclassification by the basic equation = L: P e. . Deviations from the hypothesized A at3T. .. ait3J Tk ... a, 1-', T ••• cell probabilities under misclassification are similarly derived from p' ijk ..• the deviations under no misclassification. These relations allow one to derive the probability density of the observations under misclassification. For testing the hypothesis of independence in a rxc two-way contingency table, it is shown that the usual test procedure has the required size if misclassification in the i-th direction is independent of that in the j-th direction. However, misclassification is shown to reduce the asymptotic power of the test for the same departure from the null hypothesis. In exceptional cases, when the matrix e(rcxrc) is nearly an identity and the values of the deviations are most accommodating, the power may be equal. Numerical calculations are made to illustrate how asymptotic power is reduced in this case. The ratio of sample size for data which is free of errors to the sample size for data which is 8ubject t.o misclassification to produce the same asymptotic power is also given. In case errors are not independent, the usual test does not have the required size and it is shown how BAN estimates and use ofaX2statistic can be applied to obtain a modified test procedure. The method of minimum xi by linearization is suggested as a convenient way to obtain BAN estimates of the parameters. Examples are given to demonstrate this. The asymptotic power function of the modified test procedure is found and it is shown that misclassification reduces (subJect to a similar proviso as that above) the asymptotic power. A suggested practical application of the results obtained to some fields of research, ~.~., sample survey data and medical research studies, is given. A procedure for testing the independence of errors is derived. As an illustration of the derived procedure, a numerical example us:i.ng sample survey data is calculated. The misclassification errors are found to be not independent. The matrix e is estimated and the modified test procedure is worked out. Sindlar studies are made for the problem of testing the hypothesis that the populations are identical in a t.xc two-way contingency table, and similar results to those for the previous case are obtained. An extension to the problem of testing the hypothesis of complete independence in a three-way contingency table is given. Born: Parents: Education: Employment: BIOGRAPHY August 17, 1939, Bangkok, Thailand Chin and Nantana Assakul Mater Dei School, Bangkok, Thailand, 1948-1956 Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn UniversitYJ Bangkok, Thailand, 1956-1960 North Carolina State University at Raleigh, Raleigh, N. C., Graduate Student, 1961-1965 Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, Assistant Instructor in Accounting, 1959Present ii


We establish an equivalence between eight contractive definitions. Next, we formulate a separation theorem for right upper semicontinuous functions. As its application, we give a complete characterization of relations between fixed point theorems of Boyd and Wong (1969), and Browder (1968).


This article arises from the practice of a narrative pedagogy (Contreras, Qulies-Fernandez y  Paredes, 2019), and focuses on the development of pedagogical knowledge of teachers and students participating in a workshop course in the context of an initial teacher training program. The training process is intertwined and affected by the so-called "Social Outbreak" produced in Chile in October 2019.

The reflections, dialogues and stories produced in the context of the course are (re) elaborated by the teachers in charge of it from a narrative inquiry approach, who co-construct a meta-account of the pedagogical training experience. The emotions, reflections and resonances produced by this reciprocal affectation between event - social outbreak - and pedagogical formation, configure the argumentative line of this article, which investigates the biographical trajectories of those who participate, the experience of pedagogical transformation in the emotional connection with the students and the possibilities of developing professional capacities based on a pedagogical sensitivity in initial training.


A locking arrangement for a drawer of a chest wherein the chest has a front wall into which the drawer is received and a back wall, the arrangement comprising a member extending from a back wall of the drawer, an opening for the member provided in the back wall of the chest, the member extending through the opening in the back wall of the chest when the drawer is fully inserted into the chest and wherein the member is adapted to receive a locking device for attachment to the member extending through the opening to prevent the drawer from being removed.


The emotional state of fear affects the subject, who undergoes an emotion that announces a condition experienced as a danger. In a hypothetical scale of progression of crippling characteristic of fear, the extreme ranks terror: it indicates a state of uncontrollable fear of an imminent danger condition that is not necessarily true. The history of the notion of terror is very interesting to understand how it was associated with what today is meant by ʺterrorʺ. Terrorism by Islamic fundamentalism of the twenty‐first century is characterized by violent acts, such as suicide explosions and shootings in public settings frequented by the civilian population. Related to the situation of international tension, we can see one of the most significant social marginalization of our time, with catastrophic consequences: the one against Muslims in the West society.


Bridging refers a discourse operation that allows speakers to use a definite DP without previous mention of a corresponding indefinite (e.g., in the sequence "A ship is on the river. The flag is blue.", the flag can be bridged to a ship). Children's ability to build such bridges between a definite DP and a preceding indefinite one has mainly been explored in Indo-European languages (Avrutin & Coopmans, 2000; Van Hout, De Ree & De Ree, 2008). Results showed that children were unable to successfully build such a bridge at age 3 (no difference from chance level performance). It was only after the age of 4 that they began to demonstrate the knowledge of bridging. The mistakes that very young children make in this bridging task have been explained as resulting from their inability to appreciate the addressee's perspective (Van Hout, De Ree & De Ree, 2008), from having a wider implicit common ground than adults ('Concept of NonShared Assumption', Schaeffer & Matthewson, 2005), from over-evaluating the information status of the definite DPs (De Cat, 2013) or from insufficient processing resources ( Avrutin & Coopmans, 2000). The plausibility of these explanatory accounts may gain further support by evidence from other than Indo-European languages. To our knowledge, Mandarin Chinese children's ability to build bridges has not been explored yet.1 Yet, this language presents an interesting case study due to the absence of morphological marking of definiteness. Chinese does not have overt articles, by which such properties as definiteness can be expressed, and instead can use word order to do so (e.g. preverbal position). The bridging mechanism may also be seen to underlie linking constructions involving the reflexive pronoun. Schumacher et al (2010) has shown how the connection between a SELF morpheme in a complex reflexive like himself and its antecedent can be viewed in this way. This is so because the SELF morpheme


This is a report of an effort to characterize the firefighting capability needed by Captains of the Ports to respond to types and sizes of fires which might threaten port safety. Satisfactory results were not achieved because of lack of information needed for the relevant estimates. Port areas of Los Angeles, Houston, New Orleans, and Philadelphia were studied, with particular emphasis on Philadelphia and the Delaware River. Within limits of the study, U.S. Coast Guard Captains of the Ports were judged to have minor capability for single boat response to small fires and very weak capability against large fires, even using all available COTP capability. Other firefighting resources may not be dependable for various rational reasons. Municipal or other local waterborne firefighting capability may be declining due to cost and aging equipment. The feasibility of improving COTP firefighting response capabilities is limited because of size and response time, varied mission requirements, equipment limitations which physically limit improvements, manpower limitations, and cost. (Author)


The near-field and the modified far-field techniques to measure the mode power distribution in a multimode optical fiber with graded-index profile are analyzed for their sensitivity to measurement errors by computer simulation and are directly compared by measurements on a biconically fused coupler. It is found that the near-field technique is quite insensitive against various measurement errors except of an incorrect determination of the core-cladding boundary. In contrast to this the modified far-field method needs high-precision measurement equipment and measurement results appear unreliable. Therefore, the near-field or the ordinary far-field technique are recommended for mode transition matrix measurements.


The colonisation of the skin and the development of exudative epidermitis differed between gnotobiotic piglets which were infected with Staphylococcus hyicus alone and those colonised by bacteria producing substances inhibiting the growth of S. hyicus in vitro and afterwards infected with S. hyicus . Exudative epidermitis occurred in all piglets inoculated with only S. hyicus , the severity of lesions correlating with the population of S. hyicus on the skin. Inhibitorproducing strains of S. epidermidis , S. warneri and Aerococcus viridans were unable to reduce S. hyicus colonisation sufficiently to prevent disease. Nevertheless, in piglets first colonised by an inhibitory S. epiderrnidis strain, together with non-inhibitory isolates of S. horninis and S. warneri resulted in markedly reduced colonisation by S. hyicus and much milder disease than in the piglets with pure infections of S. hyicus . Keywords: Staphylococcus hyicus ; Staphylococci; Exudative epidermitis; gnotobiotic piglets; Bacterial interference; Inhibitor.


The invention discloses a washing water collecting device and a washing water collecting method. The device comprises a washer, a toilet, a storage tank, a water inlet pipe and drainage pipes, wherein the water inlet pipe is communicated with a drainage channel of the washer and is arranged at a water inlet opening on the lower part of the storage tank; two drainage pipes are connected with the water inlet pipe through a three-way separating valve; the drainage pipes are connected with a filtering device and an overflow pipeline of the storage tank respectively; the three-way separating valve can only realize the communication between the water inlet pipe and one drainage pipe; a float switch connected with a water channel and a drainage pump supplying water to the toilet are also arranged in the storage tank; and the collecting device automatically collects and repeatedly uses the washing water by controlling the three-way separating valve and the drainage pump. The washing water collecting device has the advantages of simple structure, suitability for promotion and use and very good application prospect.


The aim of this research is to find out the significant effect of the use of learning videos on the learning outcomes of students in soccer at Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Kader Bangsa Palembang. This type of research is experimental with the research design used is One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The subjects in this study were students of class XI Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Kader Bangsa Palembang, totaling 22 people who were all female students. From the results of research and data analysis, it can be concluded that the hypothesis Ha can be accepted or tcount > ttable (30.53 > 1.721). Thus, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of learning videos on the learning outcomes of students in football material at Kader Bangsa Palembang


Dear Editors, A 92 year-old man presented with a right zygomatic ulcerated lesion that deepened just above the periosteal plane. The lesion appeared 2 months before, rapidly reaching 21⋅4 cm2. No specialised evaluation was previously performed. A domestic cleaner with a generic alcoholic disinfectant was used. At the first physical examination by the general surgeon, the lesion was mildly exuding, no necrosis was detected, the periosteal plane was evident, a mild fibrosis was present along the walls of the cavity and no granulation tissue was identified. The perilesional skin was apparently normal (Figure 1A). The patient record reported microcytic anaemia, arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation. A biopsy of the skin margin was obtained, leading to the diagnosis of infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma, moderately differentiated (Figure 1B). The patient's case was discussed by a multidisciplinary committee involving general and plastic surgeons, dermatologists and radiotherapists. A total body skin examination did not reveal any other skin lesions; regional lymphadenopathy was not detected either. The risk/benefit ratio in the patient's demographic and clinical conditions did not indicate a surgical procedure. For the same reasons and for the discomfort in reaching the radiotherapy unit at least twice a week, radiation treatment was not considered appropriate as well. Moreover, both the patient and his relatives firmly refused to consent to invasive procedures or systemic therapies. With a palliative target, the patient was medicated once a week by surgical debridment and covered with PromogranR (Systagenix, Gargrave, UK), a dressing comprised of oxidised regenerated cellulose (45%) and collagen (55%). Surprisingly, after only 3 months of regular weekly treatment, the lesion was completely healed (Figure 2A). A biopsy was performed in the middle of the regenerated skin, and the histological examination showed no evidence of a residual carcinoma (Figure 2B). After a 6-month follow up, the complete recovery of the ulcerative lesion was still present. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the Western population and is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (1). Although less common than BCC, cSCC carries a risk of metastasis and thus accounts for the majority of the deaths attributable to non-melanoma skin cancers (2). Conventional surgical excision is the treatment of choice for small, primary cSCC. Locally advanced cSCC may render some patients unfit for surgery. Unresectable cancer is mainly treated by radiotherapy (3). Several host/tumour factors must be taken into account in treatment planning, including the patient's general conditions and specific comorbidities that might prevent the possibility of delivering curative doses of radiation without damaging vital structures, the locoregional volumetric extension of the disease and the presence or absence of distant metastases. In its most advanced form, cSCC may be treated systemically. A number of systemic therapies have been used, including cytotoxic chemotherapy [cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), bleomycin and doxorubicin] (4), 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) (5) and immunotherapy (interferon α2a) (6). Cetuximab (7) and gefitinib (8) have been found to be effective in treating advanced cSCC, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase, has been shown to be upregulated in a variety of cSCC (9). In the present case, the wide extension and location of the ulcerative cSCC, the patient's age and general conditions and his family's strict opposition to invasive treatments rendered it not possible to offer the patient either a surgical intervention or a chemoradiation protocol with curative intent. PromogranR (Systagenix, Gargrave, UK) is made by oxidised regenerated cellulose and collagen (10,11). It maintains a moist microenvironment in the wound, promoting granulation and epithelisation. It also balances the imbalance of the metalloproteases (12). Till now, PromogranR (Systagenix, Gargrave, UK) is indicated in arterial and venous chronic wounds, pressure lesions, abrasions, traumatic lesions healing by secondary intention and dehisced surgical wounds. Interestingly, Tausche and Sebastian reported the benefits of PromogranR use in enabling a successful split-thickness skin grafting following a BCC excision (13). To the best of our knowledge, our reported experience represents the first PromogranR-related tissue repair that was documented in a cSCC environment in the absence of any other therapeutic support. We cannot exclude that the reported lesion, although clinically atypical, could actually be a giant keratoacanthoma (KA), a rare variant of KA measuring at least 20 mm in diameter. A giant KA can mimic cSCC, and the histological distinction between these two entities is often difficult. It may even be impossible especially when the histological architecture of giant KA is not typical as in our extensively ulcerated lesion. KA has the ability to spontaneously regress, and cases of giant KAs resolving without any intervention have been reported (14,15). On the contrary, there have been no reported cases of self-resolving cSCC. If we consider the reported case as a giant KA, it is difficult to exclude that the excellent result observed was because of its natural history. In any case, it must be stressed that PromogranR (Systagenix, Gargrave, UK) cannot be either considered or offered as a treatment for the locally advanced cSCC as well as giant KAs. In fact, the aims of treatment of cutaneous carcinomas are to completely remove or destroy the tumour while minimising functional and cosmetic impairment. In spite of the absence


As Iran is located on one of the two
earthquake-prone belts in the world, and existence of faults and earthquakes is
normal in Iran tableland. The main reason of earthquake is Neotectonic
movements which can be effective in other natural disasters such as range
movements. Due to the severe shortage of historical and seismic data and device
in different parts of the world, particularly Iran, need for introducing more
researchers and planners of Iran to tectonics and active tectonic areas is more
visible. This study is an investigation of Neotectonic activities in Khafr
basin area, Fars province. To achieve the aims of this study morphometric
parameters were used. Investigations showed that severity and role of tectonic
activities in different parts of the basin is different, results of geomorphic and tectonic assessments
indicate these differences.Stream length-gradient index (SL) on the main stream is inactive and sub streams are semi active, the ratio of the basin (BS) is 2.27, drainage basin asymmetry index (AF) is in semi active class, the ratio of width to depth
of Valley (VF) shows 0.78. Indicators mentioned are in class 3 based on Iat
classification, that represents tectonic
activity in the area is average. Other indicators are indicative of active
tectonic in the basin such as drainage density index (D) with high
density, river sinuosity (S) 1.25, reverse topography symmetry Factor (T)
0.3.Generally it can be
considered as moderately active region in terms of tectonic activities.


Firstly,this paper puts forward a dynamic model for enterprise to actualize strategy change process,points out that strategy change is not a static or one-direction process,but a continu- ous cycle process,and then analyzes and concludes that organizational learning plays an important role on enterprises' deep changes such as establishing innovative culture,flexible organizational structure and core competitiveness.Finally,it discusses the effects of organizational learning on strategic changes so as to provide behavioral guidance for enterprises' strategic changes.


The early steps in the biosynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization ox of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene followed su by cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation at C5, acetylation of by this intermediate, and a second cytochrome P450-dependent hyat droxylation at C10 to yield taxadien-5a-acetoxy-10-ol. Subseinl quent steps of the pathway involve additional cytochrome P450 catalyzed oxygenations and CoA-dependent acylations. The limwi ited feasibility of reverse genetic cloning of cytochrome P450 slc oxygenases led to the use of Taxus cell cultures induced for Taxol (1. production and the development of an approach based on differpr P4 ential display of mRNA-reverse transcription-PCR, which ultimately ta provided full-length forms of 13 unique but closely related cytoby chrome P450 sequences. Functional expression of these enzymes in hy yeast was monitored by in situ spectrophotometry coupled to in 10 vivo screening of oxygenase activity by feeding taxoid substrates. de This strategy yielded a family of taxoid-metabolizing enzymes and nu revealed the taxane 1038-hydroxylase as a 1494-bp cDNA that sp encodes a 498-residue cytochrome P450 capable of transforming th taxadienyl acetate to the 10P3-hydroxy derivative; the identity of ny this latter pathway intermediate was confirmed by chromatoan graphic and spectrometric means. The 10p3-hydroxylase represents ac the initial cytochrome P450 gene of Taxol biosynthesis to be re isolated by an approach that should provide access to the remainde ing oxygenases of the pathway. qu


This paper presents design and implementation of an active power filter (APF) with a minimum apparent power point tracking (MAPPT) scheme to improve power quality under distorted input voltage. The proposed APF with an MAPPT scheme can further improve the power quality over that of a conventional zero-crossing detection method. The main idea of the proposed scheme is to keep on shifting the filtered input current (almost no harmonics) with an angle and then recalculating the apparent power to check if a minimum apparent power point (MAPP) has been reached. Once a MAPP has been reached, a high power factor and a minimum current stress can be achieved. Simulated and experimental results are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed MAPPT scheme.


Abstract The present study compared the contraceptive risk‐taking behavior (CRT) of 35 white and 28 black, unwed, sexually active, young (ages 14 to 18) female outpatients in mental health clinics with a record of chronic contraceptive rejection, with that of a matched group of clinically unlabelled (normal) subjects. The subjects' offered CRT explanations were categorized by independent judges and subjected to multifactor contingency analyses and post‐hoc contrast procedures. The results indicated no differences between the clinical and normal subjects, but within groups, clinically‐oriented explanations tended to be more frequent than political‐economic explanations among white subjects, while the reverse held true for black subjects. In addition, 90 college students were asked to state what they considered a rational CRT response, as well as what CRT response they would expect from a hypothetical unwed, sexually active, 16‐year‐old female contraceptive rejector described as either white, or black, or n...


The frequent occurrence of natural disasters in recent years has posed a great threat to the power system, especially to the transmission grid. The backbone power grid consists of transmission lines with higher design standard, and is assumed to be able to stand against natural disasters. A backbone grid planning model against disasters is proposed to deal with this problem. This model aims to minimize the cost of differentiated strengthened lines and ensure critical loads supply. Moreover, the backbone grid should meet both the constraints of normal operating state and the secure operating constraints under disasters. Meanwhile, the model adopts "virtual flow" to ensure the connectivity of the backbone grid. The method of inequality constraint separation is used to convert the model into a 0-1 mixed integer linear programming model. The validity of the proposed model and algorithm is verified through simulation tests in IEEE 118 bus system.


The following study is a clinical case report about a 4-month Golden Retriever diagnosed with ectopic ureter and complications of hydronephrosis and hydroureter, it is written due to the lack of case reports about alterations of this nature in the country. The study is made to provide an actualization about this type of pathologies and the different options that are available for obtaining precise diagnostic and therapeutic plans. The study is written using the "CARE" system for case reports, keeping in mind that, through a Boolean search, it is defined that there is no existence of other case reports about this pathology with its specific alterations in the country. The patient, who obtained an adequate diagnostic using abdominal echography and excretory urogram was able to be treated surgically and evolve favorably with time that is why we can conclude that the unilateral nephroureterectomy was the adequate treatment.


Abstract
In this paper we develop a model for researching the influence that a board of directors can have on improving an organization's sustainability performance. Our model explores sources of cognitive flexibility of boards needed to recognize and respond to the need for improved sustainability performance. We first define concepts of sustainability, sustainability competence, and sustainability performance. We then analyze two forms of board capital (a board's human capital and its social capital) and three aspects of a board's information processing (its patterns of information search, discussion and debate, and information absorption) that we suggest affect a board's cognitive flexibility and thereby influence whether a board decides to adopt sustainability performance goals. Our model also suggests that an organization's strategic flexibility – as represented by its current endowments of resource flexibilities and coordination flexibilities – will moderate the relationship between a board's decision to adopt sustainability performance goals and an organization's subsequent achievement of those goals. We also suggest that our model is generally relevant to any research seeking to predict the influence of boards on strategic change in many forms, not just to research focused on sustainability issues.


The importance of Lactobacillus acidophilus in infancy and its therapeutic use in later life are well established.1 Since the intestinal flora of the healthy weaned infant is predominantly L. acidophilus, the question may be raised as to what becomes of these indigenous organisms. Surprisingly enough there is very little in the literature on which to base any notion as to the incidence of L. acidophilus in the adult intestinal tract. One of us (Kopeloff) and Cohen2 reported L. acidophilus present in 27 per cent of 45 healthy young medical students. Kulp 3 found L. acidophilus in 2 of 8 cases, or 25 per cent. Goldman4 observed the presence of gram-positive nonspore-bearing and spore-bearing aciduric bacilli in 1 of 4 normal persons (25 per cent) and in 49 per cent of hospital patients. Vassiliadis 5 gives the incidence of L. acidophilus in man as 5 per cent. More recently as a result of a study of 26 patients in a psychopathic hospital, Sanborn 6 concluded that "the majority of persons on an ordinary diet have L. acidophilus present in their feces to an appreciable extent, but that at the two extremes are a group in which L. acidophilus is practically absent and a group in which it is present, at least in some specimens, to the


An understanding of atomic nuclei is crucial for a complete nuclear theory, for the nuclear astrophysics, for performing new experimental tasks, and for various other applications. Within a density functional theory, the total binding energy of the nucleus is given by a functional of the nuclear density matrices and their derivatives. The variation of the energy density functional with respect to particle and pairing densities leads to the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations. The "Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional" (UNEDF) SciDAC project to develop and optimize the energy density functional for atomic nuclei using state-of-the-art computational infrastructure, is briefly described. The ultimate goal is to replace current phenomenological models of the nucleus with a well-founded microscopic theory with minimal uncertainties, capable of describing nuclear data and extrapolating to unknown regions.


Objective:To evaluate the effects of number and quality of embryo transferred on pregnancy and multiple pregnancy rates in women of different age.Methods:According to age,772women in the second cycle of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)were classified into three groups(35years,35-37years,and≥38years).According to different number of embryo transferred,the patients in each age group were divided into two subgroups:group A(double embryos transferred)and group B(three embryos transferred).Furthermore,according to the different number of good embryo transferred,group A was classified into group A0,group A1and group A2.The group B was also classified into group B0,group B1,group B2and group B3.Pregnancy and multiple pregnancy rates were compared.Results:(1)For women younger than 35years old,the pregnancy rate of group A was similar with group B(49.4% vs.42.5%)(P0.05).The incidence of singleton pregnancy in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(75.3% vs.55.6%)(P0.05).The incidence of triplet pregnancy in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(0% vs.9.8%)(P0.05).The incidence of singleton pregnancies in group B2or group B3was significantly lower than that in group A2(P0.05).The incidence of triplet pregnancy in group B2or group B3was significantly higher than that in group A2(P0.05).(2)For women aged 35-37years,the pregnancy rate in group A was similar with group B(P0.05).The incidence of singleton pregnancy in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(86.7% vs.54.8%)(P0.05).The incidence of twin pregnancy in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(6.7% vs.35.7%)(P0.05).The pregnancy rate in group B0 was significantly higher than that in group A0(29.2% vs.0%)(P0.05).The incidence of twin pregnancy in group B1was significantly higher than that in group A1(45.50% vs.0%)(P0.05).The incidence of twin pregnancy in group B2was significantly higher than that in group A2(53.3% vs.11.1%)(P0.05).(3)For women≥38years old,pregnancy rate in group B is higher in that of group A,but no significant difference(23.7% vs.10.0%)(P0.05).Conclusions:For women aged 35-37years without good embryo transferred and women≥38years old,when the number of transferred embryos increases to three,the pregnancy rate may enhance.For women younger than 38years who have good embryo to transfer during the second IVF-ET cycle,especially for women younger than 35years,reducing the number of embryos transferred from three to two not only do not affect clinical pregnancy rate,but also can reduce the occurrence of multiple pregnancy.


Composites have been used in the aircraft industry for many years as a replacement for structural metal components on aircraft. Composites offer the benefits of much higher strengths at significant savings in weight. The highway and rail industries began using composites in California in 1990 to provide containment and increase the shear strength of concrete columns against seismic forces. Composite can provide the requirement confinement strength without sacrificing ductility. Composites have also been used to strengthen concrete and protect it from future deterioration from water and salts. The Long Island Railroad encountered octagonal concrete columns with minimal cover of concrete over their reinforcing steel. Due to this situation, large amounts of sales used in the area of the columns were exhibiting spalling of the concrete as water and salts attacked the reinforcing bars. This created safety problems for the daily commuters that walked by these columns to reach the station. This paper presents the design of the composite jacketing used on this LIRR project as well as discussion of composite jacketing for both seismic and non-seismic applications to strengthen beams, walls and columns. Details of the initial testing program conducted by CalTrans for the use of composites as an alternate to steel jackets in seismic retrofit applications is also presented.


We study the interplay between the Zeeman field and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in harmonically trapped Fermi gases loaded into a two-dimensional single-band tight-binding optical lattice. Using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory, we find that the Zeeman field combined with a Rashba SOC gives rise to $(i)$ Fulde-Ferrell-like superfluidity and $(ii)$ skyrmion-like polarization textures near the edges of the system. We also discussed the effects of interaction, temperature, SOC anisotropy and Zeeman field anisotropy on the superfluid ground state and polarization textures.


In real world, it is very common that some objects or concepts have properties with a time-variant or time-related nature. Modelling this kind of objects or concepts in a (relational) database schema is possible, but time-variant and time-related attributes have an impact on the consistency of the entire database and must be appropriately managed. Therefore, temporal database models have been proposed to deal with this problem in the literature. Time can be affected by imprecision, vagueness and / or uncertainty, since existing time measuring devices are inherently imperfect. Additionally, human beings manage time using temporal indications and temporal notions, which may also be imprecise. However, the imperfection in human-used temporal indications is supported by human interpretation, whereas information systems need appropriate support in order to accomplish this task. Several proposals for dealing with such imperfections when modelling temporal data exist. Some of these proposals transform the temporal data into a compact representation but there is not a formal model for managing and handling uncertainty regarding temporal information. In this work we present a novel model to deal with imprecision in valid-time databases together with the definition and implementation of the data manipulation language, DML.


The cone failure theory has been used for concrete anchor bolt design, but the CCD (concrete capacity design) method was adopted as a new design method in 2000. The method was allowed to be used, however, only for anchors with a diameter of less than 50 mm and an embedment depth of less than 635 mm because it is based on the experiment results from medium-sized to small anchor bolts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a rational concrete breakout capacity equation for medium-sized to large anchor bolts. In this study, tension tests on an M56 cast-in-place single anchor bolt with an effective embedment depth of 400-450 mm were carried out for the five test specimens. Based on the test results together with the other recent test results, the applicability of the concrete breakout capacity equation in the current design code to the large to medium-sized anchor bolts with an embedment depth of 280-1,200 mm was estimated.


Epileptic seizure detection based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) is essential in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy patients. However, there is a fact that affects the detection but has so far been ignored. That is, some non-ictal EEG signals are similar to the signals of ictal periods. Although the public dataset is artifact free, we also identified this kind of signals. Such ictal-like non-ictal signals tend to be misclassified as seizure signals, thus have a negative effect on seizure detection. Considering existence of these signals, we propose a method that recognizes and utilizes them to benefit the classification. First, the ictal-like non-ictal signals are recognized from non-ictal signals by a borderline-recognition algorithm calculating number of majority class samples in k nearest neighbors. Then this kind of samples is enhanced in the training of the classifier. A feature of time-frequency domain, i.e., the 2- d time-frequency diagram of the EEG, is computed from the original 1-d EEG signal and selected to be features used in the classification. A deep learning model that is previously well trained on ImageNet in image recognition tasks is transferred here for solving the time-frequency diagram classification task. Our experiments on the Bonn database show that the overall accuracy of seizure detection is increased by 1.79%. Moreover, without consideration of the ictal-like non-ictal signals, 25% of the EEG signals are misclassified as seizures. In comparison, the proposed method reduces this percentage significantly to 7.1%.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/ajn Several new hypotheses have been proposed in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus. Naltrexone and the opioid system remain a hot topic despite disappointment in recent studies. Now, Î-opioid receptor agonists are being studied with promising results. Recent studies suggest that mast cell depletion may lead to potentiation of the antipruritic effect of HT3 antagonists and this, at least partially, may explain the antipruritic action of ultraviolet (UV) light. Nitric oxide's (NO) role in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus was recently evaluated. New ideas about immunologic mechanisms are seen in recent articles, emphasizing the role of T-helper (Th) type 1 lymphocytes and interleukin (IL)-2. These advancements, and proposed new treatment modalities of uremic pruritus, stimulated us to write this review article. Uremic pruritus is the itch manifesting in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Synonyms are dialysis pruritus and renal itch. In order to diagnose uremic pruritus, other possible (local or systemic) causes must be excluded.


Panic disorder (PD) is an anxiety disorder that affects ~5% of the population. A significant group of PD patients are characterised by excessive behavioral and physiological responses to CO2 inhalation. The prevalence of PD is 2 to 3 times more frequent in women yet, the origins of this sexual dimorphism are unknown; the fact that excessive responsiveness to CO2 inhalation peaks during the pre‐menstrual phase suggest a role of ovarian hormones. Early life stress is a significant risk factor for PD and there is growing evidence indicating that stress‐related increase in the function of orexin‐producing neurons (ORX) is key to PD. Based on data suggesting that 17b‐estradiol (E2) inhibits ORX, we tested the hypothesis that insufficient E2‐regulation of ORX neurons contributes to stress‐related respiratory manifestations of PD in females. Experiments were performed on adult female rats previously subjected to neonatal maternal separation (NMS; 3h/day postnatal days 3 to 12) or raised under standard conditions. In this model, NMS females show an excessive hyperventilatory response to CO2 by comparison with controls; this effect is greatest during the proestrus phase. Inactivation of ORX1 receptors by SB 33486 (15 mg/kg; ip) prevents this effect. Whole cell recordings (voltage clamp) were performed on GFP‐labeled ORX neurons by AAV microinjection. Excitatory post‐synaptic currents (EPSCs) converging onto ORX neurons were recorded under basal conditions and following E2 bath application (100nM; 10 min). Monitoring of the estrus cycle showed that in control females, EPSC frequency was inversely proportional to circulating E2 levels associated with each phase. This relationship was not observed in NMS females; EPSC frequency of NMS females was greater than controls during the proestrus phase. E2 application reduced EPSC frequency (but not amplitude); however, this effect was not affected by stress or the estrus cycle phase. We conclude that NMS disrupts E2‐mediated inhibition of ORX neurons. This is a novel mechanism in the pathophysiology of PD.


Introduction Occurrences of chemical variations preserved in garnets from kimberlite hosted xenoliths are widely reported. The preservation of these variations provides evidence of metasomatic events within the mantle, and may provide information on the mechanisms and time scales of such events. Recent detailed studies by Griffin et al. (1989) and Matthews et al. (1992) have shown that growth around rims and in cracks within garnets are two mechanisms of metasomatic enrichment recorded by garnets. To study this problem further extensive major and trace element analysis has been undertaken on chemically heterogeneous garnets from the Jagersfontein kimberlite pipe, South Africa. A combination of backscatter (BSE) imaging, line profiling, X-ray mapping (by electron probe) and trace element analysis (by ion probe) has enabled detailed information on the 2D geometry of chemical variations as well as their actual magnitude to be determined.


On-line turbidity detecting is widely used in water purifying control and waste water processing. In this paper, scattering turbidity measurement is analyzed in terms of Mie scattering theory. An on-line turbidity measurement system using surface scattering technique was established. The receiving optics was elaborately designed to reduce the influence of sample's watermark change. The turbidity accuracy of smaller than +/- 5 percent was obtained over the range from 0 to 1000 NTU.


The following are additions to Kurt Keppler's "Misleading German Words of Foreign Origin," GQ, XXVII (1954), 35-40. With a few exceptions (followed by asterisks) these words and the meanings indicated are to be found in Der Sprachbrockhaus, 4th ed. (1944). Amerikaner m. 1) American; 2) a flattish cup cake. Angina f. tonsilitis. Arrest m. 1) arrest: 2) detention ( in school). Autostop:* per ... fahren hitchhike. bray 1) good, well-behaved; 2) capable; 3) brave. Chef m. 1) superior, foreman; 2) employer. dementieren deny, contradict. deponieren 1) lay down; 2) deposit in a bank. Devise f. 1) motto; 2) foreign exchange (usually pl.). Engliinder m. 1) Englishman; 2) monkey wrench. Filiale f. branch establishment (as an office or store). Formular n. a printed form to be filled out. Hospitant m. auditor, guest member. hospitieren audit, listen-in (in school). imponieren impress. Internat n. boarding school. Keks m., n. cookie. Kollege m. colleague. Konvikt n. a home for catholic theological students. Kultur f. 1) cultivation (agriculture) ; 2) eulture (anthropological) ; 3) civilization. Kurs m. 1) academic course; 2) course of a ship; 3) exchange rate. Lektiire f. 1) reading material; 2) reading. Limousine f. sedan. Lineal n. straight-edge, ruler. Magazin n. 1) warehouse; 2) store; 3) popular periodical, magazine; 4) bookstack.*


Covid-19 has provided an opportunity for Islamic education to advance ICT. Mainly when Industry 5.0 accelerates. This essay discusses the use of technology in Islamic religious instruction after the epidemic. Can educators use technology to improve and maintain the quality of education? A qualitative literature review is presented. Relevant journals, scholarly publications, and literature books were utilized in the investigation. Researchers analyzed and minimized data. Following the pandemic, Islamic Education instructors' technical skills improved, according to this study. As a result of this research, it is also known that optimizing the use of digital platforms such as WhatsApp, Zoom, Google Classroom, and YouTube according to students' needs and instructional materials enhances students' creativity in innovating the learning process.


Diffusion, transport of mass in response to concentration and thermal energy gradient, is an important transport property, vital in material science and life science. In the present work classical molecular dynamics study of diffusion of zwittterion glycine, zwitterion diglycine and zwitterion triglycine in water have been carried out. Self and binary diffusion coefficients of aqueous solution of these molecules have been calculated using Einstein method. Our results agree with experimental data reported in literatures. Temperature dependency of diffusion of glycine in water have been explored using estimated values of self and binary diffusion coefficients at four different temperatures. Effect of peptide bond formation in diffusion has been studied using peptide chain composed of up to three monomers of glycine. The structure of the system is analyzed using radial diestibution function of different atom.


Dunham, 1 in 1902, first suggested the use of a swallowed silk thread as a guide in dilating strictures of the esophagus. The thread, used in conjunction with gastrostomy, was withdrawn from the opening in the stomach. Later, Mixter 2 found that gastrostomy was unnecessary, and if the thread was swallowed slowly, it would pass through the stricture into the stomach and the intestine and could be pulled sufficiently taut to permit its being used as a guide in passing dilating sounds. Plummer, 3 in 1910, called attention to the value of the thread in cases of lesions in the esophagus and reported its use in 300 cases. Since then much has been written concerning this simple and useful procedure, but many misconceptions still exist with regard to the way in which it is used. In many cases, patients suffering from various types of esophageal stricture come under my observation


Abstract The results of clinical, biochemical, radiological, and fluorine-18 bone scan observations on 22 symptomatic patients with Paget's disease are presented. "Sclerotic" lesions seen on radiog...


We investigated the electronic structure of perovskite SrFeO3−xFx (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1) films by optical absorption, photoemission, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. The optical bandgap expanded with x, yielding a wider direct bandgap for the SrFeO2F film than for the LaFeO3 film. The DFT calculations suggested that the majority of FeO4F2 octahedra in the SrFeO2F film had cis configurations and that the enlarged bandgap mainly originated from bond bending in the O–Fe–O chains. We experimentally observed the valence and conduction bands of the SrFeO2F film, and found them to be qualitatively consistent with the results of DFT-based calculations.


Volatile compositions of fresh tilapia and fishy odour development in the muscle during 12 days of storage at-18°C were studied. Investigations were carried out to extract the volatile compounds in tilapia using solid phase microextraction (SPME). A total of 35, 35 and 38 volatile components were identified in the muscle, head and skin of tilapia, respectively, within which nonanal, octanal and E-octenal were the most powerful contributors to the fishy odour of Tilapia. During iced storage, free fatty acid (FFA) content, conjugated diene (CD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) increased. Peroxide value (PV) gradually decreased after increasing in the first 3days of storage. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values increased from 7.7 to 24.1 mg/100g after the storage of 12 days. Correlations between chemical indexes and sensory evaluation scores showed that the off-odour in fish muscle was mostly governed by lipid oxidation.


The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is still obscure. Data supporting an interaction connecting prostate hyperplasia and immune disregulation is accumulating. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 3 groups of patients with BPH. The groups included 12 men who had mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum concentration 95±13 ng/ml, 14 man, with mean PSA 4,4±1,2 ng/ml and 11 man, with mean PSA 10,7±2,3 ng/ml. It was found that level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 significantly elevated while amount of pro-inflammatory IFNgamma did not change. The increase of IL-4 correlated with a level PSA and maximum quantity was found in the patients 3 groups. Our study indicates that a high level of IL-4 is directly associated with elevated PSA with severities of BPH.


The Australian Soil Resources Information System (ASRIS) database compiles the best publicly available information available across Commonwealth, State, and Territory agencies into a national database of soil profile data, digital soil and land resources maps, and climate, terrain, and lithology datasets. These datasets are described in detail in this paper. Most datasets are thematic grids that cover the intensively used agricultural zones in Australia.


Gamification of education is new field in education that is attracting researchers who are passionate on education. However, no much researches were made to assess the users' perception on its application in enhancing students understanding of certain subjects such as Environmental Education. This article is aimed at assessing the students' attitude on the application of eeGamification in environmental education. The method employed was survey method. A structured questionnaire was used and a total of 372 respondents were used in the study. The survey employed descriptive statistics analysis to measure the level of students' attitude towards eeGamification. The result indicates that students have positive attitude towards gamification. This shows that students accept the idea of gamification in improving students' understanding of Environmental Education.


Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. By Rodney Stark and Roger Finke. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. 343 pp. $48.00 (cloth); $18.95 (paper). At a recent American Academy of Religion meeting, after a brilliant paper was presented on God and religious experience, the speaker was asked this question by an academic: "But how can you say these things in our postmodem, anti-enlightenment, pluralistic age?" Acts of Faith secures the thesis that not just talk about, but devout belief in, God is rational, widespread, and shows no sign of abating. For a vast number of well-educated, articulate human beings talk of God is not very difficult at all. Acts of Faith is an important treatment of the sociology of religious belief and should be considered required reading by anyone interested in the social standing and assessment of religion. It overturns the conventions of a great deal of earlier sociological inquiry into religion and stands as a model of clarity and rigor. Rodney Stark and Roger Finke begin by documenting the social and intellectual history of atheism, noting how history, sociology, and psychoanalysis have been employed to exhibit the irrationality of religious belief. They underscore how many of these projects have done little more than presup- pose the credulous nature of religion. There is something darkly humorous about the many techniques employed by "intellectuals" and social scientists to explain why religion persists and even grows amidst "modernity." Stark and Finke's analysis is devastating. From the outset through to the last chapter the writing is crisp and at times quite amusing. Here is a passage from the introduction, lamenting the fact that many sociologists focus their work on fringe religious groups: A coven of nine witches in Lund, Sweden, is far more apt to be the object of a case study than is, say, the Episcopal Church, with more than two million members. Some of this merely reflects that it is rather easier to get one's work published if the details are sufficiently lurid or if the group is previously undocumented. A recitation of Episcopalian theology and excerpts from the Book of Common Prayer will not arouse nearly the interest (prurient or otherwise) than can be generated by tales of blondes upon the altar and sexual contacts with animals (p. 19). Stark and Finke have written a text that abounds in technical case studies, while at the same time giving us a book that is a pleasure to read. The introduction and first three chapters alone are a tour de force. They expose the blatant inadequacy of sociological work that reads religious belief as pathology or flagrant irrationality. They challenge the thesis of impending, virtually inevitable secularization, for instance, in part by refuting the claim that in the distant past almost everyone was religious. …


The Purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the knee joint and isokinetic strengths such as peak torque, total work/BW, Peak torque/BW, set total work deficit Ballet Dancers and Traditional Korean Dancers. The subjects were divided into two group : 30 Baller Dancers(Group 1) and 30 Traditional Korean Dancers(Group Ⅱ). The results of this study were as follows: 1. Peak torque of group Ⅰ were 104.9l±24.04(Right Extension), 92.56±20.32(Left Extension), 52.81±(Right flexion), 48.26±9.18(Left Flexion) and that of group Ⅱ were 103.93±17.28(Right Extension), 104.57±22.29(Left Extension), 53.53±10.25(Right Flexion) 51.37±13.04(Left Flexion) at 60°/sec, Group Ⅰ showed 62.47±17.22(Right Extension), 58.22±12.50(Left Extension), 37.17±11.19(Right Flexion), 35.53± 8.36(Left Flexion), whereas Group Ⅱ showed 69.03±13.56(Right Extenson), 65.03±20.74(Left Extension), 47.03±19.08(Right Flexion), 37.10±10.42 (Left Flexion). The extension peak torque between at 60°/sec, showed significant difference between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ(p<.05). 2. Total work/BW of Group Ⅰ were 246.65±59.08(Right Extension). 214.31±62.25(Left Extension), 137.93±32.05(Right Flexion), 129.13±34.12(Left Flexion) and that of Group Ⅱ were 218.88±41.36(Right Extension). 210.68±41.36(Left Extension), l34.55±28.99(Right Flextion), 131.84±26.54(Left Flexion) at 60°/sec, At 60°/sec, Group Ⅰ showed 168.5±43.68(Right Extension), 146.8±34.41(Left Extension), 93.93±26.75(Right Flextion), 91.84±21833(Left Flexion). The Right extension total work!BW between at 60°/sec showed a significant difference between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ(P<.05). 3. Peak torque /BW of Group Ⅰ were 209.13±45.84(Right Extension). 184.83±40.40(Left Extension), 100.24±23.7(Right Flexion), 96.78±20.08(Left Flexion) and that of Group Ⅱ were 197.58±27.93(Right Extension). 200.61±34.56(Left Extension), 101.64±19.37(Right Flextion), 97.58±27.92(Left Flexion) at 60°/sec, At 60°/sec, Group Ⅰ showed 127.43±25.36(Right Extension), 116.30±24.52(Left Extension), 75.27±20.33(Right Flextion), 71.20±18.33(Left Flexion) whereas Group Ⅱ showed 128.93±20.02(Right Extension), 129.33±22.75(Left Extension), 67.69±13.04(Right Flexion), 73.33±12.56(Left Flexion). The Left extension peak torque/BW between at 180°/sec showed a significant difference between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ(P<.05). 4. Set total work of deficit Group Ⅰ were 7.44±27.9(Extension). 6.31±23.07(Flexion), and that Group106.24±23.71(Right Flexion), 96.78±20. at 60°/sec, At 180°/sec, Group Ⅰ showed 11.5±15.34(Extension), -0.81±27.13(Flexion) whereas Group Ⅱ showed 5.53±17.83(Extension), -11.60±28.88(Flexion). The flexion of set total work deficit between at 60°/sec showed a significant difference between Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ (p<.05).


Alcohol influences glucose metabolism in several ways depending on the pattern of consumption. Because alcohol inhibits both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, its acute intake without food may provoke hypoglycaemia. When it is consumed with a meal including carbohydrates, it is the preferred fuel, and may initially lead to somewhat higher levels of blood glucose and hence an enhanced insulin response in type 2 diabetic patients. Depending on the nature of the carbohydrates in the meal this may be followed by reactive hypoglycaemia. Moderate consumption of alcohol is associated with a reduced risk of atherosclerotic disorders. Diabetics benefit from this favorable effect as much as non-diabetics. Alcohol also improves insulin sensitivity. Van de Wiel reviews the various effects of alcohol in patients with diabetes according to different patterns of consumption. (p. 263)


Abstract : The fundamental organization of the Headquarters Air Force (HAF) must adapt in order to meet the rapid rates of strategic and tactical changes that will be occurring in the 2035 timeframe. These adaptations will need to encompass both new and emerging technologies as well as a generation of Airmen who have grown up in a technological and flattened world. By choosing, or alternatively allowing, a new organizational construct, the Air Force can best leverage its people to meet the strategic challenges of the future. The organizational structure of the Headquarters Air Force (HAF) directly impacts the ability of the HAF to provide essential support to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Congress, and fielded operational forces. These decisions can have far-reaching consequences that impact the Air Force, the nation and other countries. How this Air Staff handles any future environment will depend upon the nature of the future and the organizational structure of the staff. The cognitive organization, as defined in this paper, will meet the needs of the Air Staff of 2035 to meet the rapid rates of change while retaining the appropriate levels of accountability. A cognitive organization is an organization combining the mechanistic and organic forms of organization by using an existing military hierarchy, which maintains control over a limited number of high risk processes, and decentralizing all other functions across a networked, self adjusting system. It makes use of decentralization of authority, appropriate control measures, and the use of teams to solve problems. The cognitive organization can be described as a loose confederation of teams, both ad hoc and standing, working toward the common goals of the organization. Proper leadership of the cognitive organization requires the articulation of a clear vision along with oversight of those processes that can have catastrophic outcomes.


An optical-preamplifier receiver with sensitivity of 137 photons/bit at 2.5 Gb/s and 1.530- mu m wavelength is presented. The sensitivity is 193 photons/bit at 10 Gb/s. The authors discuss the degradations from the quantum-limited value of 38 photons/bit. By employing an optical power amplifier at the transmitter, the authors demonstrate 2.5 Gb/s-250 km and 10 Gb/s-220 km transmission through dispersion-shifted fiber.<<ETX>>


The sinking market is regarded as the 'final flow dividend' of the Internet industry, and various e-commerce platforms are accelerating the development of the sinking market. Promote the supply side business model innovation and industrial structure upgrading. The sinking market shows the b-end value, which is manifested in reshaping the modern value chain, supporting small and medium-sized micro enterprises, helping agricultural products to rise, innovating and upgrading the retail industry, and expanding imports to benefit the world. In the future, the consumption structure will change to olive type, the industrial structure will change to commercial ecosystem, and the cooperation structure will focus on 'industrial belt + e-commerce platform'. B-end value drives the realization of C-end value, and finally forms a win-win situation.


Methods for controlling read data buffering are disclosed. In one of the methods core operations are performed in response to a receipt of a read command from a master controller and an internal or external communication buffer of a data storage node is selected to forward information to the master controller. The data storage node is selected based upon constraints and contents of one or more communication buffers. Information is forwarded from the selected internal or external communication buffer to the master controller.


Devices to prepare cells, nucleic acids, proteins, and other samples for analysis are becoming increasingly sophisticated, running faster and more accurately than ever before. In addition, their ease of use is making it possible to quickly train almost anyone to run automated sample preparation. Read the Feature (Full-Text HTML) Read the Feature (PDF) Read New Products (PDF)


An indirect-heating hot water apparatus is designed to correctly detect clogging in a secondary water circuit at low costs. A hot water apparatus 100 is provided with: a primary water circuit 27 in which water heated by absorbing heat from a refrigerant at a heat exchanger 21 circulates; a secondary water circuit 28 connected to the primary water circuit 27 via a heat exchanger 23, in which water circulates; and a tank 26 connected to the secondary water circuit 28, in which the water circulating in the secondary water circuit 28 is stored. The hot water apparatus 100 detects the temperature of the water circulating in the primary water circuit 27 and the temperature of the water stored in the tank 26. When the temperature of the water circulating in the primary water circuit 27 is at or above a first threshold and the temperature of the water stored in the tank 26 is at or below a second threshold, the hot water apparatus 100 issues a notification indicating that the secondary water circuit 28 is clogged.


1. A composition having adaptogenic, tonic and performance-enhancing effect containing nicotinamide, tocopherol acetate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, beta-carotene, folic acid, biotin, tsianokabalomin, coenzyme Q10, characterized in that it further comprises dipotassium phosphate, inositol, choline citrate, soy lecithin, zinc gluconate, calcium pantothenate, thiamine hydrochloride, folic acid, vitamin E, fructose, citric acid, ascorbic acid, preservative, sweetener, flavor, water at the following ratio, wt.%: dipotassium phosphate 0,01-9,0! Inositol 0.5-8! Choline 0.1-5! Soy lecithin 1.10! Zinc gluconate 0.01-1.0! Coenzyme Q10 0,01-1,0! Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) 0,01-2,0! Alpha Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E) 0,01-2,0! Calcium pantothenate (Vitamin B5) 0,01-0,5! Pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) 0,01-0,1! Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 0,005-0,1! Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) 0,005-0,1! β-carotene (Vitamin A) 0,005-1,0! Folic acid (Vitamin B9) 0,001-0,1! Biotin 0.0001-5,0! Vitamin D 0,0001-0,1! Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) 0,00001-0,1! Fructose 1-27! Citric acid 0.1-1! Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 0,01-5,0! Preservative 0.01-1.0! Sweetener 0,001-1,5! Flavor 0.001-0.5! Water the rest. ! 2. A composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it can further comprise at least one micro- or macrocell. ! 3. A composition according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound from the group of flavonoids. ! 4. A composition according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises at least one compound from the group of carotenoids. ! 5. A composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the complement


Many complex decisions that arise in the modern world cannot be treated by formal mathematical models. The author describes a method of studying these complex decisions that can be applied to many everyday situations. The division of the process of resolution into a number of sequential and contributing decisions suggests that the analysis done by participants can be divided into two parts, which may be called strategic and tactical. Strategic analysis is related to the whole of the resolution process. It is concerned with final outcomes and with the preferences of the participants between them. Tactical analysis is concerned with the choice of tactics in the immediately ensuing interactions between the participants. Both types of analysis are considered. The consequences of a choice of tactics are discussed. These findings can be used as an aid for formulation of a model for tactical analysis in real-life situations. An example of the application of the model is included.<<ETX>>


Barium isotopes were fractionated in a liquid-liquid extraction system using a crown ether of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6. Besides the nuclear mass effect, the field shift effects resulted in the chemical isotope enrichment. The temperature dependence of the chemical isotope effects was investigated. The experimentally obtained enrichment factors could not scale with the temperature-dependent equation, e = (1/T) 2 x + (1/T)y, in the recent theory, where x and y were scaling factors. The equation required the term which was independent of T in order to give an appropriate explanation for the experimental results in this study. The maximum isotope effect observed was e 138,134=-0.00174±0.00025 in the extraction at 323.2 K. This corresponded to e u =0.00044±0.00006 in terms of the isotope effect for the unit mass difference.


From Supremacy to Trust and Long-term vision Opportunities and dynamics of any country's economy including all its sectors are dependent on investment policies, their pitch and stability. They also depend on the rational selection of priorities for economic development that channel investment flows into fixed assets (buildings and equipment), human capital (the knowledge and skills that move and develop the assets) and the normative-regulatory environment that facilitates the best combination of these driving factors. Our journal time and again points out peculiar features of the current Russian economic policies when the market and purely economic preferences of agents determine historic and technological conditions as well as other features of investment objects. This conclusion is nothing new and springs from a well-known 'Coase theorem' – externalities produce best allocation of economic factors provided that transaction costs are negligent and ownership rights are clearly defined. At the same time there are numerous barriers caused by historic, technological, spatial factors and peculiarities. Geopolitics also brings its share of extortions as well as targets and tasks the state sets at this or that period of time. And so, we come across various forms of public interference in the economic life. The public sector intervenes both as a direct participant through investment in some projects and as a law-setting mega regulator. The disadvantages of the fist role are obvious, namely: low rates of economic growth due to economically irrational decisions and a general lack of long-term sustainable development policy. The advantage is accumulation of colossal investment resources and their prompt delivery to resolve an urgent problem. However, sustained economic development, search for and generation of novel approaches and solutions that ensure stable economic progress requires participation of private entrepreneurs. This is the reason why the modern state seeks cooperation with private business, especially when confronted with major challenges. This lays the foundation for shaping and improving approaches within the scope of public-private partnership. At the same time, it would be wrong to consider PPP only as a form for implementing merely infrastructure or socially significant projects. PPP in the present day economy not only bridges gaps of investment project financing but also introduces the atmosphere that seeks and selects more appropriate economic solutions and facilitates the cross flow of unique knowledge and skills possessed by numerous economic agents. One must remember F. Hayek who said that every day, every hour and every minute dozens of millions heads produce a great variety of ideas and perspectives that generate new approaches. PPP cannot be reduced to resolving just financial problems of implementing some projects. That is why it is not acceptable to consider predominantly only those approaches and ideas for PPP that arise from public bodies that regulate economic processes. Business is an equally legitimate and rightful participant in seeking and implementing solutions. This is the first reason why PPP based on supremacy of public over private is not acceptable. It is necessary to pass on to dialogue, trust and long-term vision. Effective public-private partnership is not a form of one-sided dominance of public over business. It is a form of reciprocal duties for both parties. Business is responsible for conditions of project implementation, the state is responsible not only for a part of co-investment it provides but also for the terms that are determined on a preliminary stage of project structuring. The Russian practice of PPP has displayed a considerable idiosyncrasy over the last thirty years (papers by A. I. Kovalenko; A. V. Kashin and V. A. Markelov). An efficient PPP is a civil rights contract between two parties – the public and the investor. The most popular form is that of concession. First concessions after 1917 were implemented in the Soviet Russia in 1920 with this period lasting till 1927–1928. Those concessions were quite successful. One of such successful concessionaries was A. Hammer, the Ameriacan billionaire who later became the owner of a large oil company 'Occidental Petroleum'. Resorting to modified concessions after 1991 sprang from a special fiscal treatment that was introduced – a production sharing agreement – as our Tyumen colleagues confirm (L. A. Tolstolyesov, N. N. Yumanova, E. A. Shmidt). At that time, neither public, nor business had sufficient funds and it was extremely urgent to attract foreign investment into energy and resource projects. Production sharing agreements have been successfully implemented in Sakhalin oblast. Unfortunately, they did not deliver their full potential, although some approaches were put to good use. In those agreements, public was not just investor but the guarantor of unalterable terms of investment for a long time. At the initial stage, in the 1990-s and 2000-s the approach to contractual relations was dictated by a lack of investment resources in the country. Later on, the Russian business following the slowdown in implementation of projects based on concession and production sharing agreements managed to find its way to investment resources – most of those for energy and fuel sector were raised as debt on external markets. The current situation is radically new. The public has at its disposal considerable finance in the Fund of national wealth and in the budget system. This year and next year budgets have proficits. This became possible due to changes in taxation that have accumulated most revenues at the federal level. This justified the conclusion (in the paper by V. I. Nefedkin and O. P. Fadeeva) about the main driver of PPP project demand being not the private business but the federal and regional power structures mindful of development of public infrastructure and norms of social services provision to the public. All the more so, because the regional level itself does not have sufficient finance (even such affluent regions as Tyumen oblast). At the same time, in the 1990-s Tyumen and Sakhalin oblasts had considerable financial resources for implementing social projects (Article 72 of the RF constitution). Now, for major infrastructure and social projects (heating, housing, utilities) it is necessary to apply to the federal center for necessary investment resources. The regional, and even more so, municipal levels have less than sufficient funds and there is much pressure to initiate such projects. Despite the trend of growing role of PPP in implementing socially significant projects or those with a long payback period, their share is not high. Mostly, PPP is implemented in cases of major projects, although their share of the total number is not high – about 6%, while in terms of value they represent over 90% of investment resources earmarked for the purpose. It is clear that the federal center is investing a major share of PPP funds in implementation of country-wide or strategic projects related to infrastructure, which is in poor shape and requires renovation. Is there a future for a PPP model which gets most of its funding from the federal level? We do not think it has much of a future. Such may be the case only for giant and landmark projects. More socially significant are local projects that usually have a high degree of singularity. Their implementation may not be possible without broader rights and authority of the regional level and, consequently, financial opportunities as well as higher trust in business in terms of developing and implementing such projects. Contractual relations between the public sector and business may concern not just socially-sensitive and infrastructure projects but also the area of education, science, new knowledge, skills and technologies. One such case is mentioned in the paper (by V. I. Nefedkin and O. P. Fadeeva) – a non classical PPP in the Novosibirsk Academtechnopark that engaged in manufacture of state-of-the-art scientific equipment. An example of what might produce trust is a school construction project in a remote part of Tomsk oblast. The project was implemented on its own by a private investor (farmer). Later on the investor and the regional authorities managed to settle issues of compensating additional expenditures that cropped up in the project. Investment into science and education is the most crucial and meaningful thrust of the modern economic policy. The future of PPP is transition from Supremacy through Dialogue to Trust and Long-term vision. The PPP model built on supremacy alone corresponds neither to the current economic situation, nor to challenges facing our society. Editor-in-chief of ECO KRYUKOV V.A.


This article discusses the wider implications of a pattern of behaviour in which a parent, usually the mother, persistently presents a false story of illness or disability in the child. Such behaviour can be harmful to the child. The parent may deliberately produce symptoms of illness; the child may be exposed to unnecessary but painful and damaging medical investigations and treatments; the child's participation in education and social life may be unnecessarily limited; and the child may develop a view of themselves as disabled. Should this pattern of behaviour be seen solely in a medical context, or can the behaviour occur in educational contexts, too? The literature includes a small number of cases where members of school staff, psychologists and education administrators have faced persistent but fabricated claims of illness, disability or learning difficulty needing special educational provision. Identifying such fabrication presents professionals with emotional as well as practical challenges. The notion that a mother might deliberately fabricate or provoke symptoms of illness or disability in her child is in itself an assertion that is hard to accept. Strongly-held, polarised views can be generated between those professionals who defend particular mothers and those who suspect them. There may be aspects of special educational needs law and practice that add to the difficulties faced by practitioners needing to distinguish between benign parental advocacy and malign fabrication. Some tentative suggestions are offered about how practitioners can be alert to possible cases of fabrication; and about how our knowledge about educational manifestations of fabrication might be refined.


Whether the shear wave velocity in sand is dependent on grain shape is a basic question of considerable interest, yet remains open owing to the lack of solid experimental evidence. This technical n...


In this paper I analyze Mauricio Beuchot's analogical hermeneutics by contrasting it with Hans-Georg Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics. I argue that Beuchot goes back to the classical idea of hermeneutics as a method of interpretation (centered on the notion of analogy), and does not see it, as Gadamer does, as a phenomenology of understanding. However, Beuchot does not address Gadamer's arguments against using hermeneutics as a methodology. Considered as a methodology centered on analogy, analog- ical hermeneutics overlooks other important interpretation resources. Finally,


In urbanising regions, urban sprawl and infrastructure cause profound alterations of natural habitats. Initial decisions on urban expansion and major infrastructure investments are often made on a strategic level where the long-term development of a region is determined. For these types of decisions a strategic environmental assessment can be prepared. However, the lack of an adequate conceptual and methodological framework can pose a major problem for the prediction of impacts, not least concerning biodiversity. This paper will highlight the need for effective methods for biodiversity analysis at landscape and regional levels, with reference to the long-term urban development of the Stockholm and Malaren regions. Problems of habitat loss, fragmentation and other impacts related to large-scale urbanisation and infrastructure developments will be addressed. GIS-based methods focusing on predictive ecological modelling will be discussed in a scenario context. The implementation of such methodologies in the strategic environmental assessment process would allow a better integration of biodiversity in planning and decision-making, further promoting a sustainable planning system.


Brachytherapy is a type of radiation that involves precisely placing radioactive sources directly into or close to the tumour. This treatment is recommended for people suffering from many forms of cancer. It is an ideal tool for delivering extremely high radiationto the tumour while reducing radiation exposure andrisk to the surroundingnormal tissue. Physicians from a variety of disciplines may be involved in either referring to or placing brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is required for many patients as either a main treatment or as part of their oncologic care. Brachytherapy can be used to treat a wide range of tumour types, including gynaecological, urologic, rectal, cutaneous, and breast malignancies. In most brachytherapy treatments, a radiation oncologist, relies on imaging techniques such as CT scans and ultrasound during the treatment planning and delivery to accurately identify the placement of encapsulated brachytherapy sources in the patient body. By using this treatment, it is possible to deliver a higher radiation dose to a limited area than conventional external beam radiotherapy. This may be more effective at destroying cancer cells while causing minimal damage to surrounding normal tissue is placed in patients are sedated for all these procedures.


Oil rich Carica papaya Linn. (CPL) seed is currently discarded as waste. This research is aimed at ascertaining the lipid and antioxidant qualities of the oil in vivo(compared to groundnut oil). Four diets composed from the oil were fed to wistar rats for 32 days. The lipid profile and antioxidant status of the plasma, erythrocytes and brain were examined. The results showed significant reductions (P<0.05) in body weights (of rats fed with the 7-10 % oil diet), erythrocyte peroxidase activity, as well as cholesterol and phospholipids levels in brain. There was also a significant increase(P<0.05) in the reduced glutathione levels in the erythrocyte of rats fed with the 10 % oil diet. The brain weights were significantly increased (P<0.05) by all the CPL seed oil diets. The CPL seed oil quality is comparable to groundnut oil; but it is a better antioxidant source. Small quantities of 5-7% CPL oil in diets may be appropriate to prevent its deleterious effects on brain.


A hybrid U-shaped-microbend fiber optic evanescent wave sensor was developed by combining two types of bending structures on the optical communication single mode optical fiber (SMF28). To study the effect optical microbending on the output power, corrugated plates consisted of cylindrical structured surface with various distance between the glass rods of 6 cm, 12 cm and 18 cm were constructed. The macrobending effect was introduced by bending the SMF into two shapes, namely U-shaped and Sshaped. The bare SMF with various bending designs were immersed into numerous water sources from Sg. Simin, Sg. Batang Benar and Sg. Klang. The output demonstrated that Sg. Simin was the most polluted river, followed by Sg. Klang and Sg. Batang Benar using U-shaped microbend SMF with distance between glass rod of 6cm and 1310 nm laser source. This result showed an excellent agreement with water quality index (WQI) data released by the Department of Environment (DOE), Malaysia. Maximum optical output power was obtained by using Sg. Simin's water sample due to better light absorption from the evanescent waves by the pollutant particles, that avoided light leakage in comparison with less polluted water sources. The optimum sensing performance was successfully resulted by using U-shaped SMF due to its durability and uniform evanescent waves radiated from the cladding. In conclusion, the hybrid U-shaped-microbend SMF sensor based on evanescent waves propagation portrays an excellent potential to detect water pollution by monitoring the presence of pollutants around the fiber.


This article describes how colorectal carcinomas (CRC) are the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer. However, despite advances in specific treatment, approximately 40% to 50% of patients have disease recurrence following potentially curative surgery, highlighting the demand for improvement of staging, treatment and prognosis. Inflammatory infiltration composed of lymphocytes is a common feature found in neoplasms and studies have indicated an association between tumor immune infiltrates and favorable disease outcomes. The aim of this article is to assess the association of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and DNA damage response expression levels with disease outcome and survival in stage II and III CRC. The authors examined the prognostic value of immunological biomarkers using 5-year follow-up data to train an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) designed for the prediction of personalized risk. Data for three biomarkers which were found significant were subsequently used to train the ANN which predicted 5-year survival with 72.9% sensitivity and 68.8% specificity.


The negotiation between Israel and Palestine, which had attracted all of us, has broken down ever since the beginning of the new century. The Middle East peace process again fallen into impasse, and later even went backwards gravely. So, the geo-situations have changed accordingly. From the angle of geography, the article analyses Israel's role in the Middle East and also the geo-characteristics in the new era. The geo-political, geo-economical and geo-spatial strategies that should be taken by Israel have also been expounded here.


On Sunday 18 April 2021 a wild fire rushed down from the slopes of Devils Peak into the grounds of the University of Cape Town (UCT) upper campus. Buildings and student housing were at risk. Students and staff were quickly evacuated, fortunately evading fatalities or serious injury. Firefighters quickly arrived on scene. The situation escalated fast. Via social media and chat platforms online, there was increasing concern about the security of UCT Libraries. Soon news began filtering in that library buildings had indeed caught fire. The first onsite video footage began circulating in the late afternoon, showing the worst: thick orange tongues of fire guzzled out of the windows of the Jagger Reading Room. Firefighters directed hoses in a vain attempt to douse flames that roaringly consumed decadesold invaluable collections of books, manuscripts, and archival records. The UCT intellectual community reeled in shock at the loss of the library and archive. Images of the smoky, blackened ruins of the Jagger Library and its African Studies collections appeared in the media the following day (Figure 1). Real and symbolic fires have flickered in the background of an extended period of public debate about higher education and institutional change in South Africa that was often fueled by struggles over UCT's material cultural heritage, such as with Rhodes Must Fall (see Makhubu 2020). It was therefore a surprising, ironic tragedy in many ways. Unclear sentiments of archival grief, loss, and sadness were cluttered up among material ruins that now also demanded urgent salvage and recovery. In this essay I profile the Salvage and Recovery Project (SRP) implemented by UCT Libraries as a disaster management response. It is vividly depicted in photographs taken by Lerato Maduna, senior photographer in the UCT Communications and Marketing Department, and Health Sciences librarian Dilshaad Brey. Memorialization appears central to working through the layered chaos of ruined archival remains and feelings of loss during that time. Memorialization of disasters like this often follows a pattern of ordered ritual performance directed to recon with tragedy, salvage and sanctify material remains marked by it, and consecrate the site for remembrance by the community of the bereaved. Memorials accompanied the salvage at UCT, but to some extent also encompassed it. It initiated the symbolic process of reordering complicated relationships between notions of archive, cultures of knowledge, race, and access to higher education that the Jagger Library had symbolically contained. The 2021 UCT Library SRP was therefore a process of material recovery that also involved a politics of heritage and the sacred.


The main factors of effecting the RV reducer's transmission error was analysed,the calculation formula based on the probability theory was deduced. Based on the formula,the transmission error of RV-250AII reducer was calculated and it proved that the method was feasible and veracious comparing with the practical experiment.


The rate of absorption of chlorine from chlorine-nitrogen mixtures into solutions of ferrous chloride in 0.203 N aqueous hydrochloric acid was studied in a short wetted-wall column. Dimensional analysis and the film and penetration theories were used to infer, from the absorption rate data, that the chemical reaction between chlorine and the ferrous ion is second order. The absorption-rate results for experiments with a dilute gas phase agreed with theoretical predictions for absorption accompanied by a second order reaction with a reaction rate constant of 188 liters/(g. mole) (sec.). The results for experiments with pure chlorine gas deviated from the rest of the results, and they did not agree with the theoretical equations. It was shown that the assumption of a three-step mechanism for the chemical reaction, including the formation of a complex ion and the decompositon of this complex ion, explains, at least qualitatively, the deviations observed for the pure chlorine gas runs.


The invention provides a steam-and-nitrogen composite swallowing-spitting oil production method, comprising the following steps: a, steam injection string laying: a pipe column structure successively comprises an even steam distribution pipe column provided with an even steam distribution valve and a compensator, an injection and extraction integrated pump connected to the even steam distribution pipe column, an oil pipe arranged on the pump, and a subcritical steam injection well from bottom to top; b, N2 and steam injection: steam is injected through an oil jacket annulus, meanwhile, nitrogen is injected into an oil well through the oil pipe, nitrogen injection speed is regulated to evenly allocated and injected during the whole steam injection process; c, soaking: soaking is carried out for 2-7 days after steam injection and nitrogen injected are over; d, blowout: when the well pressure drops to 0.5Mpa/day, blowout is controlled by an oil nozzle; and e, pumping start: when open-flow liquid amount reaches 3t/d, the injection and extraction integrated pump is used to start pumping.


Objective To assess the safety,feasibility and the curative effect of treatment with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in calyceal diverticula with calculi. Methods A restrospective investigation was going on 8 cases suffering from calculi within calyceal diverticula,who were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy from February 2002 to February 2006. Results Of 8 cases,87.5% stone-free rate was achieved using one-stage minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy. They were treated by 8 mini-PCNL. Average nephrostomy tube stay was 5 days,average hospitalization stay was 8 days. Blood transfution was performed in 1 patient,no major complications were noted in the other patients. Conclusions Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in treating some cases (calyceal diverticula lies in mid-renal or below-renal). Compared to open surgery,it may offer advantages with respect to less introoperative and postoperative complications,high stone free rate,less invasion,easy recovery and short hospitalization stay.


PT. P & P Bangkinang is a company engaged in the processing of raw rubber into semi-finished products (Crumb Rubber). In 2014, the company facing 280.06 hours downtime which occurred on the breaker and hammermill machines. All along, the company implemented breakdown maintenance systems. Under this system, if there was a problem in one machine, all other machines would be stopped processing. It meant all the production process was stopped. The production process would be continued if the machine has already fixed. The longer time to fix the machine, the longer time the production process would be canceled. Machine's downtime was causing unachievement of production target. It's only able to achieve 86.33% from the target has been determined. The purposes of this research are to determine the critical components of breaker and hammermill machines which causing breakdown, to propose schedule for critical component replacement, and to make monte carlo simulation for the critical components replacement schedule.The results obtained for the determination of the critical components as well as with the proposed scheduling replacement of components, namely small gear 492.616 hours, kelahar 727 hours, 398 hours bearing and conveyor kelahar 406.674 hours. Based on the results of running time simulation for 4382 hours, appropriate strategies to minimize downtime that scenario 2 (Preventive Maintenance) with a total downtime of 32.91 hours compared to scenario 1 (Corrective Maintenance) of 42.49 hours and the existing scenario of 49.7 hours. Keywords: downtime, monte carlo, preventive maintenance, simulation


The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive compounds and physicochemical of jelly and in natura fruits of cereja-do-rio-grande. After harvesting, the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Science and Food Technology at Embrapa Clima Temperado where part of the fruits was used to the physico-chemical and processing and the rest was stored at 18°C. pH, brix, acidity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of fresh fruit and jelly were analyzed. Cereja-do-rio-grande jelly presents sugar and acidity levels higher than fresh fruit and pH lower than this. Cereja-do-rio-grande in nature has high content of bioactive compounds; however, after making jelly losses occur, especially anthocyanins. Even with the losses during processing, cereja-do-rio-grande can be considered a good source of antioxidant bioactive compounds. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: antocianinas, compostos bioativos, estabilidade de compostos


Abstract In the present investigation, machinability issues of zinc–aluminium (ZA43) alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiC) were evaluated. The fabrication of composite was done through liquid metallurgy technique. Metal matrix composite (MMC) was subjected to turning using conventional lathe with three grades of cutting tools, namely, uncoated carbide tool, coated carbide tool and ceramic tool. Surface roughness and tool wear were measured during the machining process. Results reveal that roughness increases with increase in the reinforcement concentration and particle size. Feed has direct influence on roughness, i.e. surface deteriorates with higher feeds. Depth of cut has very minimum effect on the surface roughness, while inverse effect of cutting speed on the roughness was observed (i.e. increase in the cutting speed leads to better finish on the specimen). Tool wear was studied during the investigation, and it was noticed that MMC with higher reinforcement concentration and particle size cause severe wear on the flank of the cutting tool. Increase in the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut also increases the flank wear on the tool. Out of all the three grades of tools, coated carbide tool outperformed uncoated carbide and ceramic tools.