The name of Dr John Turton may not be familiar today, but in the latter part of the eighteenth century it was both well-known and respected. Dr Johnson, with whom he was related and connected, wrote verses to his mother. During the Grand Tour which he made on a Radchffe Travelling Fellowship, he met most of the physicians in Europe and studied at Geneva, Vienna and Paris. He played a small but important part, hitherto quite unknown, in the life of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Among his patients were Edward Gibbon, David Garrick, Oliver Goldsmith, Mrs Delany, George III, Queen Charlotte, and the Prince of Wales, for he became Physician in Ordinary to them, and his correspondence shows how greatly his advice was appreciated by several members of the Royal Family. His correspondence with Charles Bonnet and Sir Joseph Banks throws light on the famous dissensions in the Royal Society in the 1780's. For all these reasons it has seemed worth while to rescue Turton from oblivion, a task which has been made both possible and pleasurable with the help of Mr R. H. Turton, M.P., Dr John Keevil, D.S.O., and Dr Bernard Gagnebin, Keeper of Manuscripts in the Library of Geneva. Ancestry and early years Dr John Turton (I)* was born in 1735, the son of Dr John Turton, a distinguished physician of Birmingham who in the previous year had married Dorothy Hickman, daughter of Gregory Hickman of Stourbridge. The Hickmans were connected with Dr Johnson, for Gregory Hickman's mother Jane afterwards married Joseph Ford, Dr Johnson's uncle. It was to Dorothy Hickman that Dr Johnson addressed his verses, To Miss Hickman playing on the Spinet, before he left Staffordshire for London. Mrs Turton died in 1744, and she appears to have been possessed of some fortune because John Turton inherited from her some property in Yorkshire.


people of North America have long been indifferent to Asia. Yet since the war events have gradually been bringing to maturity in the public mind the idea that an Asian economic programme must be developed. The conflict in Korea, in which Canadian as well as American soldiers and sailors are fighting under the flag of the United Nations, has given a new urgency to this idea. There is a sense of disquiet underlying the determination to avoid appeasement and to gain collective security by confining the new Russian imperialism with its dynamic communist faith. It is trite to observe that military response to the challenge is not enough. The Western nations must not be manoeuvred into appearing to defend the established order in Asia, still less an anachronistic order. The strength of the West in global conflict must consist in having a prescription for social and economic advance which is more humane and swifter than


Disclosed is a chemical barrier fabric (12) and a method of manufacturing the fabric is described. The chemical barrier fabric (12) includes at least first (18) and second (20) chemical barrier layers which have an interfacial region therebetween and which are intermittently point bonded (34) providing a point-bonded area which is in the minority and an un-bonded area which is in the majority in the interfacial region. The chemical barrier layers (18, 22) typically comprise single layer polymer films and/or co-extruded layers. A non-woven layer 22 may also be point-bonded to either the first (18) or the second (20) chemical barrier layer to give support to the fabric (12).


Levitt has always been interested in technology transfer. In 1980 he became a proponent of digital hearing aids and fitting systems. I first got to know Levitt during the 1983 AT&T venture into a multiband compression hearing aid, proposed to Waldhauer by Villchur, based in the ideas of Steinberg and Gardner (1938). One of the first things we did was to visit Levitt and pepper him with questions. He saw it as a huge opportunity, but it was difficult because he was consulting for Nicolet. Eventually AT&T decided to return to its ''core'' business, and the venture was sold to Resound Corp. At CUNY we also developed the loudness growth in 1/2 octave bands (LGOB) test, which was popular at one time. Soon after, Levitt convinced me to port our research distortion product analyzer, called CUBeDIS, to the PC platform. It was then further developed by Jeng (Levitt's student), and is presently Starkey's DPOAE/TOAE DP‐2000 infant hearing screener. All this technology transfer would not have taken place if it were not for Harry Levitt—so for that we must graciously thank him.


This paper explores misunderstandings and confusion that drilling personnel have about rheology, hydraulics, and their effects on field operations. The top 10 myths, misconceptions, and mysteries are identified and discussed to find common ground to bridge existing technical and philosophical gaps. Drilling fluid rheology and hydraulics are complex but important topics to rheologists, chemists, modelers, software developers, engineers, and wellsite personnel. While some deal with ideal flow behavior in controlled settings, mud engineers and drillers focus on practical consequences of rheology and hydraulics in operations fraught with uncertainty. Drilling fluid developers must address the full range of issues, usually based on tests run under artificial conditions that may not duplicate the actual drilling environment. Thus, it is no surprise that perceptions of rheology and hydraulics differ widely and agreements suffer. Introduction It was a challenge to select the top 10 myths, misconceptions, and mysteries in drilling fluid rheology and hydraulics because of the countless candidates from which to choose – a broad spectrum from the very basic to the highly theoretical – and the varied perspectives of those concerned with these complex topics. The final list, organized for best continuity in this paper, includes six titles on rheology followed by four on hydraulics – each with multiple items and all targeting engineers charged with applying these technologies in the field. Issues develop when disconnects in a "rheochain" interfere with monitoring and adjusting fluid behavior in response to well conditions. This chain involves rheologists that study and explain; chemists that formulate and commercialize; modelers that measure and relate; software developers that compile and disseminate; engineers that plan and optimize; and wellsite personnel that apply and adapt. The rheochain seems also to thread its way from the nano to the mega-bbl scale. Issues can morph into myths, misconceptions, and mysteries when the science is misunderstood, over-simplified, obscured by uncertainties, or complicated by downhole conditions that markedly change the fluid. Sometimes, math by those detached from the field is at odds with the physics. Other times, researchers using polymers to "viscosify" fluids are unaware of "rheological" consequences. Selections for the list were based on the following distinct but closely related fit-for-purpose definitions: • Myth: a belief or result of questionable validity, often lacking scientific support and known authorship. • Misconception: a mistaken or misunderstood view that could lead to misapplication of technology. • Mystery: an unexplained behavior or a problem that continues to elude practical solution. Terminology and oilfield jargon often have been a source of confusion, especially among those along the rheochain. However, standardization and general acceptance of terminology within the industry have helped considerably. The value of standardization, particularly by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Subcommittee 13 on rheology and hydraulics of drilling fluids, cannot be overstated. Rheology is classically defined as the study of the deformation and flow of matter. However, Morrison (2004) added that "Rheology is the study of the flow of materials that behave in an interesting or unusual manner. Oil and water flow in familiar, normal ways, whereas mayonnaise, peanut butter, chocolate, bread dough and Silly Putty flow in complex and unusual ways." To some degree, all drilling fluids behave in unusual ways by design, and many can easily fit into Morrison's list. Hydraulics deals with fluids in motion and at rest, as well as the motion of particles through them. Unfortunately, flow properties ideal for the performance of one fluid function in the drilling process frequently are detrimental to another. Thus, the drilling fluid properties selected in the field and measured under less-than-ideal conditions often represent an engineering compromise. Some elements of drilling fluid rheology and hydraulics truly are complex in their own right and difficult or even impossible to manage under downhole conditions. For good reason, complete resolution to the top 10 myths, misconceptions, and mysteries is not a goal of this paper. Instead, the intent is to provide a few useful nuggets for readers from different perspectives. To some, certain parts might seem too simplistic, too complex, too obvious, or too obscure. Even the mysteries perhaps are explainable by someone under the right conditions. Ample references are provided. After all, "art" usually comes into play when the science, physics, and engineering are just out of reach of the person charged with applying the technology. AADE-10-DF-HO-40 The Top 10 Myths, Misconceptions and Mysteries in Rheology and Hydraulics Mario Zamora and Fred Growcock, M-I SWACO 2 Mario Zamora and Fred Growcock AADE-10-DF-HO-40 1. Funnel Viscosity – technology past its prime? The Marsh funnel, the oldest and most used equipment for measuring drilling fluid viscosity, is also the most maligned. Those that argue for its demise because the single-point measurement can be misleading, misinterpreted, and misapplied should appreciate the funnel's value for statistical process control. Those that embrace its simplicity, low cost, and ability to detect changes in circulating fluid properties might consider whether it alone can properly validate mud consistency in a 250-bbl mixing tank. And finally, those that find it mysterious that weighting up certain muds can lower funnel viscosity should consider the increased hydrostatic head acting on the fluid. Surprising to some, the Marsh funnel is an ASTM standard (ASTM 2009), as well as an API standard (API 2005, 2009). Rather than providing a conventional viscosity, it is the time in seconds for a quart or liter of fluid to flow through a small tube under a gravity head. Nevertheless, Pitt (2000) used numerical simulations and several sophisticated test devices to estimate an effective viscosity μe (cP) based on mud weight ρ (s.g.) and funnel time t (s/qt):


"Neither Europeans, nor Africans, nor Asians, we proclaim ourselves Creoles" (13). This solemn and performative declaration concerning the Creole community, which grandly opens In Praise of Creoleness, is met by this closing statement in the essay's paratext: "Conference held Sunday, May 22, 1988 at the Caribbean Festival of Seine-Saint-Denis" (54). These final words underscore the internal tensions of the theoretical construct of Creoleness. Indeed, the place where this primary declaration is made Paris' northern suburbs causes it to take on additional significance. The "we" and the group formed by this proclamation are consequently changed. The essay advocates exploring the Divers (Diversity), in opposition to "false universality, monolingualism and purity"(90). This Diversity is proclaimed and upheld both as a local cultural specificity of Creole identity stemming from the Caribbean melting pot (39-40), and as an archetype likely to become universal and spread throughout the Tout-Monde (Whole-World) since, "the world is evolving into a state of Creoleness"(112). Could there be a contradiction between the Creolists' ideological positions, which at times seem Caribbeocentric (Conde, 130), and the place where this manifesto was proclaimed for the first time, in Seine-Saint-Denis, an area where a large part of metropolitan France's Caribbean population lives? Can we interpret this as an indication that the traite a rebours (reverse slave trade) (Glissant, 52) has not only taken place, but that it is now irreversible and that as a result, Creoleness cannot escape the perverse effects of departmentalization, despite its peremptory declarations? Conversely, because this declaration is proclaimed from the suburbs where France's postcolonial heritage is most evident, is it able to broaden the notion of Creoleness beyond the native land? If so, would it not contradict those who consider the notion "invented" by the Creolists as parochial and restrictive1 especially in its novelistic realizations despite its ambitions of embracing the Whole-world2? I do not think that the place where this assertion was made diminishes in any way its importance. Nor do I believe that it can be interpreted as a contradiction in the Creole movement. On the contrary, the place where this declaration was proclaimed opens possibilities that paradoxically, the Creolists themselves seem seldom to explore, even if they do mention them. It is in this context that we can understand Maryse Conde's exasperation: "Are we condemned ad vitam aeternam to speak of vegetable markets, story tellers, "dorlis," "koutem" ... ? Are we condemned to explore to saturation the resources of our narrow islands?" (130) Where Creoleness is proclaimed and set in motion, it also begins to reach its limitations, all the while expanding its possibilities. Indeed, what type of Creoleness


for an Invited Paper for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Simple, Voltage Dependent Statistics Governing Cell-Substrate Contact Times BRET N. FLANDERS, Department of Physics, Kansas State University The distribution of contact times between a nanofilament-based contact sensor and individual pseudopods of D. discoideum have been measured as a function of voltage applied to the filament. The distributions are well described by exponential distributions. The average duration of the pseudopod-filament contact was found to increase across the +20 mV to -50 mV range of filament-voltages. These results are consistent with the predictions of a simple model based on rather general considerations of energy usage by the cell. This analysis indicates that the exponential functionality (of the contact time distributions) results from competition between a large number of cellular processes for the available energy. The evolution of these distributions across the +20 mV to -50 mV voltage range suggests that the negatively biased filament enhances adhesion to the filament by activating additional adhesion molecules to bind to its surface. These results will be discussed in the context of recent findings on the coupling of voltage gated ion channels and cellular adhesion.


The aim of the investigation was to determine the phosphorus containing minerals present in Lake Balaton sediment. Chemical, electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis succeeded in identifying hydroxylapatite. No proof was found for the presence of other phosphorus minerals.


Abstract : ASEAN was born in July 1967. At that time, the ASEAN partners were almost strangers to each other, if not adversaries. But after 25 years, the region has undergone a true transformation. East and Southeast Asia are economically the most dynamic and the fastest-growing regions in the world today. The stability in the region is a consequence of the stability, coordination and team work of ASEAN. With a reduction of U.S. forces presence in the area, the key to securing regional stability is to increase the cooperation between ASEAN nations. This would include cooperation, not only in economic and political sectors, but also in the military sector. ASEAN can support and increase multilateral military cooperation between the countries. The vast development of advanced arms technology has produced shorter warning times of any possible threat and less reaction times available for the defender. So it is very important that at least a pre-planned combined forces command is already built up and able to exercise command and control over combined ASEAN forces. To build it, we need to pay very close attention to the political effects of each developing step of the military cooperation. ASEAN has already succeeded in economic development, and therefore I believe that there will be no problem in the development of stronger military cooperation. It is a long hard way to go but it is important for the survival and stability of the region, and for the stability of the world.


A new triggering model of the martensitic transformation is presented. In this model martensitic transformation is thought to be triggered by coherent phonons, the ordering phonons emitted by a simulated emission process of phonons called the potential emission of coherent phonons attained by quenching. The thermodynamic basis of the present model is discussed briefly and the transformation process involving the stimulated emission of phonons and the formation of martensite is studied using a three-dimensional wave equation, Van der Pol's equation and Duffing's equation. The results are used to explain the main features of the martensitic transformation: the 'military' nature of the martensitic transformation (cooperative atomic movements), habit plane, mode softening, transformation plasticity, the reverse transformation on heating, etc. The emission ratio of coherent phonons in the quench process is given and is shown to be proportional to the cooling rate. The analogy between martensitic transformation and laser threshold is stressed. The analogy with the Landau theory of phase transformations and the difference between it and the present model are pointed out.


Rangelands of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is an important base for livestock production and shelter for the ecological safety in China.The degradation of alpine rangeland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has not only impacted local livestock production and people′s quality of life,but also seriously damaged the ecosystem security of China and Southeast Asia.By analyzing the function of ecology,production and livelihood(FEPL) of alpine rangeland ecosystem,this study examines inter-relationship between population and grazing pressure and environmental carrying capacity of alpine rangeland ecosystem,as well as the structural change of FEPL and its effect on service function of alpine rangeland ecosystem,and illustrates the alpine rangeland ecosystem′s FEPL and its internal relation of polybasic coupling,multidimensional linkage and multiple feedbacks.Using the Naqu region of northern in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as an example,this study utilizes the annual per-capita income of well-to-do society and overcome-poverty line for the herdsman proclaimed by Chinese government in 2008 as standard livelihood function and establishes an appropriate structure for the FEPL of alpine rangeland ecosystem based on the equivalent of the ecological services function under the different economic conditions that can maintain sustainable development of alpine rangeland ecosystem.The results show that the degradation of alpine rangeland has caused a 60% decrease of the population carrying capacity in the region.For example,the current population carrying capacity in the Naqu region in 2008 accounted for 36% and 118.9% of estimated population carrying capacity in the overcome-poverty life line and well-to-do society,respectively.Therefore,controlling population carrying capacity is the key for mutual development of the FEPL of alpine rangeland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.


The credit-sale increasingly becomes a competition measure of income increasing and market occupation for enterprises,so many of them are on the ground with high receivable account.So firstly the enterprises should reinforce credit management of clients and assess their credit ranks,then set up credit-sale records.They must pursue and analyse receivable account and carry out responsibilities.Secondly enterprises should examine and approve credit sale strictly to avoid it blindly.Thirdly they should build reasonable credit policies and receiving account strategies,deal with the age of receivable account seriously,establish active risk transferring mechanism and preparative system of bad debts.In this way the enterprises can assure the fund securities of receivable account.


Manganese source industrial electrolytic manganese dioxide(EMD) was treated by manual grinding or ball-milling,lithium manganese oxide(LiMn2O4) cathode materials were synthesized by melt-impregnation method.The prepared LiMn2O4 was analyzed by SEM,XRD and electrochemical performance to investigate the effects of ball-milling time on the grain size and morphology of EMD.Ball-milling treating to EMD could improve the electrochemical performance of LiMn2O4.When the ball-milling time was 8 h,the product had a uniform partical size and high degree of crystallinity,the 0.5 C initial specific discharge capacity was 115.3 mAh/g when charged-discharged at 3.40~4.35 V,the capacity retention after 20 cycles was 95.5%.


The authors in the present article, based on the analysis of change rule for the previous agricultural data, has built up a econometric mould with multi element regression. By applying an advanced forecasting method to the prediction of Xinjiang\'s agricultural development and suggested a counter measure on its basis.


The article discusses the value of "objectivity" for journalistic discourses and practices. The analysis of Brazilian weekly news magazines confirms the comprehension that the ideal of objectivity and the assertion of moral values do not exclude each other: "objective facts" and judgments are complementary in legitimating journalism as the guardian of social values. The sharing of social positions - and prejudgments - between journalists and their public allows specific perspectives and interests to be voiced as if they equal the totality, naturalizing a pattern of values and making judgments into facts. In journalism, neutrality corresponds to the validation of hegemonic discourses.


This paper first gives a state of the art of the development of distributed temperature sensor system at home and abroad.Then an introduction of the principles of raman based temperature sensor system is given with emphasizing on its application in power cable operations.At last,a practical example is used to demonstrate that distributed temperature sensor system is an effective means for power lines on-line monitoring.


Abundant medusoid soft-bodied metazoan fossils have been found in the Sinian Xingmincun Formation (with an isotopic age of 650 Ma) at Qipanmo, Qidingshan and Yangtun of the Dalian-Jinzhou area, southern Liaoning Province; in addition, a number of macroscopic algal fossils have been discovered for the first time in the Getun Formation overlying the Xingmincun Formation. Medusoid fossils include 3 genera and 6 Species (all of which are new). Judging from their biological characters, these medusoid fossils are considered to have an intimate affinity with the Ediacara fauna in the terminal Precambrian of Australia, as their characters are close to each other. The authors suggest that these medusoids and the Edicara fauna might be the products of the same period. The discovery of the medusoid fauna in the Xingmincun Formation marts an important event in the evolution of the terminal Precambrian organisms in China, and it is of major practical significance in the study of the Sinian System of China and the correlation of the Sinian strata of northern and southern China.


One of the most critical pollutants in water is synthetic dyes such methylthionine chloride, usually known as methylene blue (MB), and adsorption has been the most effective technique for its elimination. In this research, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was synthesized from cotton pads, and graphene oxide (GO) and the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were obtained by the modified Hummers' method. The composite materials MCC–GO 1% and MCC–rGO 1% were developed and evaluated by XRD and SEM techniques, and the adsorption of methylene blue in water was also analyzed. Graphical abstract


A composite forage for fast-growing yellow-feather meat chicken is prepared from 19 raw materials including yellow corn, soybean cake, soybean oil, choline chloride, edible salt, etc.


The goal of this article is considering a possibility of revealing axiological fundamental aspects of a language culture by the term code, which is regarded as a system of invariant symbols of both language and culture. Such code provides an access to the whole language culture. The thesis about invariant symbols or so-called logoepistemas is established on the basis of categorical analysis of the Japanese idioms.


Distracted driving is a dangerous driving behavior that causes numerous accidents on US roads each year. It is critical to identify distracted drivers in order to prevent such accidents. Previous studies attempted to detect distracted driving using heuristics and machine learning; however, none of these methods could capture the problem's spatiotemporal features. As a result, the purpose of this study was to use a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) that can capture both spatial and temporal information to classify distracted drivers based on facial features and behavioral cues. We used the Database to Enable Facial Analysis for Driving Studies (DEFADS), an open-source dataset containing 77 human subjects performing scripted driving-related activities, to achieve this goal. The PyTorch video library was used to train the model. The 3D CNN achieved an overall recall and precision of 97.6 and 98.1, respectively, indicating its efficacy in detecting distracted drivers in the real world.


Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the arterial stiffness indices and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in young prehypertensives. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried as a part of the medical health check-up program conducted on 150 students joining 1st year MBBS. Based on their blood pressure (BP) recordings they were classified as normotensives and prehypertensives. Arterial stiffness indices were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, and NLR was evaluated using automated hematological analyzer. Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were performed using SPSS version 16 and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the 150 subjects, 106 were recruited for the present study. Based on BP, they were grouped as normotensives (n=66) and prehypertensives (n=40). Arterial stiffness indices, namely, stiffness index (SI) and reflection index (RI) reported a significant increase among the prehypertensive group with p=0.003 and p=0.002, respectively. SI and RI showed a positive correlation with systolic BP, diastolic BP, heart rate, and body mass index (BMI). NLR reported a significant increase in a prehypertensive group with p=0.03 but no correlation was found between NLR and arterial stiffness indices. Conclusion: Targeting the high-risk individuals, based on increased arterial stiffness, NLR, BMI and BP, for earlier lifestyle modifications could act as a potential preventive strategy to inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases.


Use of the EDTA chelation test in conjunction with microbioassays for general toxicity (Microtox) and heavy metal toxicity (β-galactosidase activity) allowed us to identify the presence of heavy metal toxicity, and to distinguish between cases in which toxicity was due solely to either heavy metals, organic compounds, or a mixture of these chemicals. The technique is effective over a wide range of water hardness and pH. Screening of industrial wastewater samples by the EDTA-microbioassay technique gave results that were consistent with chemical analysis of samples by atomic absorption. © 1992 John Wiley & sons, Inc.


Quinones or coenzyme Q are central components of most respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains. They play a unique role in membrane enzymology, acting not only as converters between one-electron and two-electron redox chemistry, but also as freely diffusing oxidants and reductants tha...


Video content streaming between two vehicles has various applications in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Due to the highly dynamic nature of VANETs, video contents are usually transferred via multiple discovered routes to increase the chance of error-free packet delivery. However, vehicular routes suffer from limited lifetimes and low connectivity probabilities, which result in increasing packet loss ratio (PLR) and frequent video playback freezing. In this paper, PLR is minimized by optimally distributing video packets in multiple routes while meeting quality of service (QoS) parameters (meeting freezing delay and number of transferred video packets constraints). By doing so, reconstruction and playback of the video are achieved with guaranteed QoS. Performance evaluation of our proposed scheme shows enhancements in terms of average PLR (63.3%), average freezing delay (6%), average packet end-to-end delay (66.6%) and average number of delivered video packets (8%) after 10 seconds simulation.


This study aims at establishing environmentally stable and viable silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes of an Electrodynamic Screen (EDS) film, by the inclusion of one or more protective layers of zinc oxide (ZnO) produced in lab by combining tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethylzinc (DEZ). The electrodes can be realized as 1) stacked structure where the AgNW electrode has a layer of ZnO on top for protection or 2) sandwiched structure where the AgNW electrode is covered by ZnO layers, protecting it from the top and bottom. Experiments are done to test the effect of accelerated exposure to ultraviolet light, high temperature and passage of high voltage on the AgNW samples and are compared with the results obtained from the AgNW samples that have the ZnO protective layer which have also been subjected to the aforementioned test conditions. A complete water immersion test is performed in order to ensure functionality and efficiency of the ZnO/AgNW samples that are to be patterned as electrodes of the EDS film. This will demonstrate viability of the structure in the case of rain.


Changes in the illumination condition cause dramatic variation in face appearance and seriously affect the performance of face recognition systems. This problem is addressed in the thesis by introducing an approach based on active Near-Infrared differential imaging. Assuming a static scene, a linear response of the sensor to the scene radiation and no saturation, it is shown theoretically and empirically in this thesis that the active differential imaging technique yields a face image independent of the change in ambient illumination. By taking the difference of two face images, one captured with the active illumination on and one with it off, the resulting image contains the face illuminated only by the active illumination source. This technique is compared with several representative illumination invariant face recognition techniques on a database containing faces captured under different illuminations and at different time. The results in face identification and verification experiments demonstrate the significant advantage of this Near-Infrared differential imaging technique over the other techniques. This thesis also presents a multistage approach to automatic face localisation for the Near-Infrared face images. This multistage approach is a combination of a novel pupil detection approach based on edge following and chaincode representation, and an approach based on FloatBoost learning. Accurate face localisation results are achieved by the proposed multistage approach, and this leads to the excellent face recognition performance in fully automatic scenario. A subject appears at two different locations before and after the active illumination is turned on if he/she is moving. This causes motion artifact in the difference image from the active differential imaging system and degrades the performance of the face recognition system. The thesis presents an approach based on motion compensation to deal with this problem. It is shown from the experimental results that the proposed approach successfully removes the motion artifacts and improves the face recognition performance significantly.


The 'sign transparency principle' or 'semantic transparency principle' is primarily connected with the so-called intentionality of psychic acts. The term intentionality was introduced to the philosophy of language and to the semantics under the influence of Brentano's psychological theory for whom the main property of the psychic (psychological) acts is the fact that they are always directed towards some objects (one knows something, likes something, hates something etc.) Intentionality is thus a property of linguistic acts with the result that during the speech (words) production (or speech recognition) the thinking is directed to the objects referred to (denoted) by the words and not to the words themselves. The same idea was emphasized, in particular, in the so-called theory of meaning intention based on E. Husserl's opinions concerning the notion of meaning in general. Thus from intentionality formulated for psychic acts in general we obtain the semantic or sign transparency principle valid in the semiotics: signs do not attract attention to themselves but direct it to extra-sign (extra linguistic) reality. Husserl's formulation of his principle is given in the following quotation:


Recently Paff, Boucek and Murphy ('59) demonstrated a technique for recording the mechanical behavior of the early embryonic chick heart. Stimulated by the work of Wertheim-Salomonson, '13; Robb, '29; Lagan and Sampson, '32; Bogue, '33; Eyster, Krasno and Hettwer, '37; Hoff, Kramer, Dubois and Patten, '37; and Lazzarini and Bellville, '56, whose cumulative effort firmly established the fact that the adult type of electrocardiogram can be recorded in the embryonic chick heart before the third day of development, Boucek, Murphy and Paff ('59) developed a method for synchronizing the electrocardiogram with the myogram. The present work is an application of this expanded technique to the study of isolated chambers of the 72 hour embryonic chick heart. It is presented for three reasons: lst, nowhere in the literature can one find simultaneous recordings of myograms and electrocardiograms of the isolated atrium, ventricle and conus; 2nd, regarding the electrical activity, the records permit a dissection of the electrocardiogram to demonstrate characteristics of the three areas of the heart previously not seen; and 3rd, a comparison can be made between the electrical and mechanical properties of the chambers of the intact heart with those of the separated chambers.


The utility model provides an electroplating rotator used on an electroplating production line, and relates to electroplating structural pieces or combined pieces for solving the problem that in the prior art, an electroplating rotator is unsafe to use and has a poor environment-friendly effect due to hydrargyrum leakage caused by long-term abrasion. According to the electroplating rotator provided by the utility model, rotary frictional contact conduction replaces rotary non-contact hydrargyrum conduction in the prior art, and a built-in sleeve is arranged and a lubricating material is filled, so that abrasion of the element is reduced, and the service life is prolonged. The rotator provided by the utility model is reasonable in design, convenient to maintain and high in practicality and has a good heat dissipation effect.


The Community Atmosphere Model, using both climatologically varying sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and a slab ocean model (SOM), is used to investigate the equilibrium response of the direct effects of anthropogenic and natural aerosols on climate, focusing on circulation and clouds. Aerosol forcing is prescribed based on a recently developed satellite-based aerosol data set. We find that aerosols are capable of significantly affecting local and remote atmospheric circulation and that absorbing versus reflecting aerosols leads to opposite circulation changes. At low latitudes, anthropogenic aerosols, which primarily warm the Northern Hemisphere (NH), strengthen (weaken) the mean meridional mass circulation during December-January-February (June-July-August). This is associated with a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. Natural aerosols, which primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the NH, have the opposite effect. These changes are largest in the SOM experiments. Aerosols also have a remote impact on DJF NH midand high-latitude circulation, forcing changes similar to the Arctic Oscillation, but only in the prescribed SST experiments. Anthropogenic aerosols lead to an increase (decrease) in zonal wind near 60(30)◦N, high-latitude surface (stratospheric) warming (cooling), and reduced high-latitude surface pressure. Natural aerosols have the opposite effect. These changes are associated with changes in the vertical propagation of wave activity, which drives wave-mean flow interaction in the lower stratosphere. We also find anthropogenic aerosols–especially during June-July-August– lead to a significant semi-direct cloud effect, with increasing (decreasing) low-level cloud at low (mid) latitudes. These results suggests aerosol type enhances variability of both tropical and extratropical circulation and accurate specification of aerosols is necessary to simulate low and high latitude climate change.


A Hopfield-type neural network approach which leads to an analog circuit for implementing the real-time adaptive antenna array is presented. An optimal array pattern can be steered by updating the weights across the array in order to maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The problem of adjusting the array weights can be characterized as a constrained quadratic nonlinear programming. The adjustment of settings is required to respond to a rapid time-varying environment. A Hopfield-type neural net with a number of graded-response neurons designed to perform the constrained quadratic nonlinear programming would lead to a solution in a time determined by RC time constants, not by algorithmic time complexity. The constrained quadratic programming neural net has associated it with an energy function which the net always seeks to minimize. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta simulation shows that the circuit operates at a much higher speed than conventional techniques and the computation time of solving a linear array of 10 elements is about 0.1 ns for RC=5*10/sup -9/. >


Advances in experimental medicine and technological innovation during the past century have brought tremendous progress in modern medicine and generated an ever‐increasing amount of data from bench and bedside. The desire to extend scientific knowledge motivates effective data integration. Technological innovation makes this possible, which in turn accelerates the advancement in science. This mutually beneficial interaction is illustrated by the development of an expanded mechanism‐based model for understanding a novel mechanism, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 SGLT2 inhibition for potential treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


With the development of technology and society,scientific literacy of our citizens needs to be improved. The formation of the scientific teaching ability of the elementary education majors in colleges is of vital importance,for they undertake the elementary school education in the future and some of them are even the science teachers. Our college establishes the professional courses and reforms the teaching methodology in order to improve the students' scientific experiment skills greatly to adapt to the needs of the elementary school science education.


Background:Although all parts of the world have seen a huge increase in contraceptive usage, at least 200 million women still currently lack access to modern contraceptives(Manae-hamaltadabeer). Today about 53.4% eligible couples are still
unprotected against conception. Successful fertility control leads to many social and economic advantages for women from educational attainment, personal autonomy to relationship stability and satisfaction.
Material and Method:A cross-sectional study was carried out from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019 to analyse the awareness, perceptions and various patterns of contraceptives usage among 1000 women of reproductive age in western Maharashtra.
Observation and Result:Data were collected from 1000 women participants. 266 (26.6%) belong to the age group of 25-29 years of age and Mean age of women was 32.78 years with SD + 7.58 yrs. 100% Awareness was observed whilemajority of 622 (62.2%) use contraceptive methods. About 226 (22.6%) preferred Condom.There was a significant association between age 2 2 2 (X =49.37, p=0.0001), educational status (X =439.46, p=0.0001),Socio Economic Status (X =72.1311, P=0.000),family 2 2 Type (X =14.44, p=0.001) and Parity (X =55.79, p=0.00001) with the knowledge scores.There was significant association 2 2 between preference of contraceptive methods scores and the age (X =104.32, p=0.000), Education (X =99.97, p=0.000), SES 2 2 (X =77.953, p=0.000) and parity (X =65.50, p=0.000).
Conclusion:Despite 100% awareness and favourable attitude, significant number of reproductive age women did not use contraceptive methods due to various reasons. This study shows the association between socio-demographic variables and
family planning acceptance ratio.


We present high-resolution CO J = 3–2 maps of the Galactic center region, taken with the ASTE 10 m telescope. We have collected approximately 30,000 spectra with a 34″ grid spacing. The mapping area is roughly −1.°8 < l < +3.°5 and −0.°8 < b < +0.°9, which includes the central molecular zone and Bania's Clump 2, covering almost the full extent of the molecular gas concentration in the Galactic center. These CO J = 3–2 images show a behavior similar to the CO J = 1–0 images with the same resolution. Molecular gas in the Galactic center shows a higher J = 3–2/J = 1–0 intensity ratio (∼0.7) than the gas in the spiral arms in the Galactic disk (∼0.4). The CO J = 3–2/CO J = 1–0 luminosity ratio is 0.71. We see several regions with very high J = 3–2/J = 1–0 intensity ratios exceeding 1.5, including the Sgr A, l = +1.°3, l = −0.°4, and l = −1.°2 regions. A number of small spots of high ratio gas are also found. Many of them have large velocity widths, indicating that they are spots of hot molecular gas shocked by unidentified supernovae and/or winds from massive stars.


This paper is an attempt to cite the necessity of water sensitive urban planning incorporation into the masterplan while designing/ sculpting/ molding the urban geography by urban planners to alleviate natural disasters with affective and efficient use of alternate technologies. The researcher studied various locations and found a uniquely located town and this paper predicts of a disaster waiting to happen, which can never be gauged or read by the local citizens or Governing ULB's. The disaster caused by "Soil Liquefaction" is little known, the research so far conducted by the author has shown that there is a very high probability of soil liquefaction in this town. Machilipatnam class-I town located at costal area of Andhrapradesh is studied and findings of the research so far, shows that there is a danger of soil liquefaction in future for this town, because of its unique topographic feature and a manmade canal called "Shivan Samudra", which surrounds the town. On an average earthquake of magnitude 5 hits machilipatnam town once in every 5 years. Studies were conducted during the times when the town was totally flooded due to storms and overflow of both manmade and natural canals, which lead to stagnation of water throughout the town.


In order to solve acoustic measurement under cavitation,painted image analyzing method and weight method were used in this paper to represent embedding particles into porous materials under the effect of ultrasonic with different frequencies of 20,28,40,51 and 59 kHz.After analyzing,it is shown that the embed of particles per unit surface area of porous materials can be represented better by the former.Meanwhile,the distribution of ultrasonic field can also be judged according to the uniformity of dyeing;and the embed of particles per unit weight of porous material can be represented more exactly by the later.It is indicated that the embedding percentages is different for the same particles irradiated by ultrasonic of different frequencies.For the particles of different sizes irradiated by the same ultrasonic,the trends of embedding percentage curve are similar,but the values of that are different.


OBJECTIVE To study the compliance to sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT) in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR) in Guangzhou city. METHODS From January 2014 to May 2014, 202 patients with AR received SLIT were followed up by telephone. According to age, the patients were divided into group A(age14 years) and group B(age≥14 years). The compliance to SLIT was analyzed and the reasons of poor compliance were investigated. RESULTS Among 202 patients, only 93 cases(46.04%) were successf ully followed up by telephone, 109 cases(53.96%) were lost to visit. Among the 93 cases of successful follow-up, the good compliance rate was 29.03%(n=27), the poor compliance rate was 70.97%(n=66). compliance to SLIT was not affected by age and gender(P0.05). Main reasons for poor compliance included poor eff icacy(48.48%), insuff icient education about SLIT(16.67%), inconvenience(15.15%), and adverse reactions(10.61%). CONCLUSION In Guangzhou city, lost follow-up rate in AR patients receiving SLIT is high. Compliance to SLIT is relatively low and improvements shall be made.


with a demonstration of the role sci-tech novelty retrieval played in patent application and technological innovation, the paper takes Wujiang Meiyan Sanyou Chem-dye Co.,Ltd.as a case to further explain that the company has gained many patents,enhanced its core competitiveness and achieved great progress through sci-tech novelty retrieval.


Conditional support, lack of responsibility and supportive relationships - a qualitative study of being on sick-leave because of heart failure


FinFET devices are considered to be the device substitute for bulk CMOS in sub-20nm technology nodes due to the reduced short-channel effects, improved ON/OFF current ratio, and improved voltage scalability. This paper investigates the problem of optimal selection of deeply-scaled FinFET technology to achieve minimum energy consumption for different applications such as sensor applications, smartphones, embedded micro-processors, or server micro-processors, which differ in the required performance and duty ratio. For each application space, different FinFET technologies (with different Vth and gate length biases) are compared in term of minimum energy consumption for both logic circuits and cache memories. A device-circuit-architecture cross-layer framework has been developed to facilitate this technology selection. This optimal technology selection procedure demonstrates up to 11× energy saving compared to poorly selected technologies.


The remanufacturing industry is one of the important means to achieve sustainable development and resource recycling. It is of great significance to study the remanufacturing production system. This paper mainly studies the reliability of remanufacturing production system based on the uncertainty of part quality. In order to rationally arrange workshop production, minimize the maximum completion time and the cost of electricity in the production process, this study established a mixed integer linear programming model for the remanufacturing of flexible workshop based on batch processing of partial stations. In order to solve this mathematical model, the traditional genetic on the basis of the algorithm, the crossover and mutation operators of the genetic algorithm conforming to the model are designed, and finally combined with actual examples, compared with traditional batch scheduling to verify the effectiveness of the system. This research takes the remanufacturing of the Steyr engine crankshaft as the research object. Based on the uncertainty of crankshaft wear, the uncertainty of the crankshaft remanufacturing process is investigated and discussed. From the three dimensions of environment, economy and technology, from the remanufacturing process. The evaluation was carried out at the level of the process chain and the modeling process and method were verified, and the sustainability value of the worn crankshaft remanufacturing process was obtained. The remanufacturing production system experiment can show that the average sustainability values of the three batches of used crankshafts are SR1 = 0.9082, SR2 = 0.8669, SR3 = 0.7803. The system reliability analysis can provide a theoretical basis for the reliability of enterprise remanufacturing systems, and has important application and research value.


The antioxidant effects of sesamol films were evaluated using a food simulant (linoleic acid) and a real food (oat cereal). Sesamol was melt blended with high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene and ethylene‐vinyl acetate resins using co‐extrusion to produce sesamol films of multilayer structure; for comparison, films containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or no additive (as control) were also produced. At least 60% of the initial amount of sesamol remained in the films after extrusion. The release of sesamol from the sesamol films was about six times faster at 30°C than at 10°C. The antioxidant effectiveness of sesamol and BHT was evaluated on the basis of induction period of lipid oxidation, conjugated dienes (for linoleic acid), hexanal (for oat breakfast) and sensory evaluation. Compared with the control film, the sesamol films extended the induction period of linoleic acid by five and eight times at 40°C and 23°C, respectively. After 12 month storage at 23°C, hexanal formation was 59% less in cereal packaged with sesamol films than that packaged with control film. Rancid odours were detected in cereal packaged with control films, but not with sesamol or BHT films. The incorporation of sesamol had only slight effects on tensile properties and transparency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article gives a systematic discussion about the following questions: the definition of creativity education, the basic task of creativity education in China, the structure of quality, the property of quality education, the basic content of the quality education of Chinese, the relationship between the education of creative thought and the quality education in China,etc.


Students of the textual history of Chinese works of all periods and genres encounter the problem that we do not always distinguish clearly between the concepts of "text" and "edition." A further problem arises when one seeks to differentiate the strata of editions relating to the textual history of a given work. In this article, based on the author's research into the textual history of three early philosophical works, Huai-nan Tzu, Chuang Tzu, and Lao Tzu, an attempt is made to resolve these issues by proposing working definitions for the key terms, "text" and "edition," and for a number of other related terms, including "exemplar," "recension," "redaction," "ancestral redaction," "received text," and "witness." The relevant Western text-critical models are surveyed and the closely related fields of textual history and textual criticism are discussed with regard to Chinese works.


After eight years of lobbying, the remote community of Willowra is celebrating the opening of its very own Learning Centre.


We study the robust stability properties of a large class of nonlinear discrete-time systems by addressing the following question: given a nonlinear discrete-time system with specified exponentially stable equilibria, under what conditions will a perturbed model of the discrete-time system possess exponentially stable equilibria that are close (in distance) to the exponentially stable equilibria of the unperturbed discrete-time system? In arriving at our results, we establish robust stability results for the perturbed discrete-time systems considered herein and we determine conditions which ensure the existence of exponentially stable equilibria of perturbed discrete-time systems which are near the exponentially stable equilibria of the original unperturbed discrete-time systems. These results involve quantitative estimates of the distance between the corresponding equilibrium points of the unperturbed and perturbed discrete-time systems. We apply the above results to the robustness analysis of a large class of discrete-time recurrent neural networks.


Circular hydraulic jumps are familiar in single layers. Here we report the discovery of similar jumps in two-layer flows. A thin jet of fluid impinging vertically onto a rigid horizontal plane surface submerged in a deep layer of less-dense miscible fluid spreads radially, and a near-circular internal jump forms within a few centimetres from the point of impact with the plane surface. A jump is similarly formed as a jet of relatively less-dense fluid rises to the surface of a deep layer of fluid, but it appears less stable or permanent in form. Several experiments are made to examine the case of a downward jet onto a horizontal plate, the base of a square or circular container. The inlet Reynolds numbers, Re, of the jet range from 112 to 1790. Initially jumps have an undular, laminar form with typically 2–4 stationary waves on the interface between the dense and less-dense layers but, as the depth of the dense layer beyond the jump increases, the transitions become more abrupt and turbulent, resulting in mixing between the two layers. During the transition to a turbulent regime, single and sometimes moving multiple cusps are observed around the periphery of jumps. A semi-empirical model is devised that relates the parameters of the laboratory experiment, i.e. flow rate, inlet nozzle radius, kinematic viscosity and reduced gravity, to the layer depth beyond the jump and the radius at which an undular jump occurs. The experiments imply that surface tension is not an essential ingredient in the formation of circular hydraulic jumps and demonstrate that stationary jumps can exist in stratified shear flows which can be represented as two discrete layers. No stationary circular undular jumps are found, however, in the case of a downward jet of dense fluid when the overlying, less-dense, fluid is stratified, but a stationary turbulent transition is observed. This has implications for the existence of stationary jumps in continuously stratified geophysical flows: results based on two-layer models may be misleading. It is shown that the Froude number at which a transition of finite width occurs in a radially diverging flow may be less than unity.


A method for determining the initial cable force of prestressed concrete stayed girder bridges under dead loads by using the concept of force equilibrium is presented. This method takes the bending moment of some important sections such as sections of main beams as the control condition, and considers the action of prestressed reinforcements, at the same time, making the bending moment of main beams reach the corresponding internal force state of real stiff-supported continuous beams. The method can overcome the weakness that local unreasonable phenomenon of the bending moment of main cables cannot be handled, compared with conventional "zero displacement" method. In addition, the non linear influence of cables is avoided because the cables are not taken into consideration when forming influence matrix. The calculated results of practical examples indicate that the method is effective and practical.


Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers the potential to substitute, or at least complement, electroencephalography (EEG) to detect functional activity e.g., in the motor area of the brain. Bedside NIR sensors have been used to investigate the haemodynamic shift caused by specific brain activity, such as epileptic seizures (Watanabe et al., 2000). Although it is clearly a promising data acquisition method, several open issues remain i.e. some NIR systems toggle sequentially through measurement channels, which leads to a slower acquisition time (Bunce et al., 2006). Another issue is caused by unaccounted signal contributions from superficial blood vessels within the scalp and skull. This may dilute the significance of NIR data obtained e.g. when measuring specific regional oxygenation levels during a mental or physical task. In order to investigate both effects, the following study presents the design of a multichannel NIR system that is able to perform both sequential and channel-interleaved signal acquisition. At the same time, we used two NIR detectors per measuring channel to separate the scalp and skull effects (Gersten et al., 2012; Schepens and Waanders, 2008). In order to thoroughly test this NIR system, we improved on an optical brain tissue phantom introduced by Kashyap (2007).


The quantity of L-malate was determined using apparatus comprised of a reactor with immobilized malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in a flow line. NADH formed by an enzymatic reaction was fluorometrically detected. The optimal concentration of NAD + in the carrier containing 0.1M glutamate was determined. The maximum peak areas due to NADH were observed at pH 8.0 when the pH of the carrier consisting of Tris buffer ranged from 7.0 to 8.5. Various buffer types were also examined as carrier media at pH 8.0 and Tris buffer showe dt hemaximum peak area. When the carrier composed of Tris buffer (0.1M, pH 8.0) was used, the calibration curve for malate was linear in the range of 0.05‐50µ M( r = 1.000). The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.03µM. Relative standard deviations of the peak area at 1µ Ma nd 10µ Mw ere 1.5% (n = 7) and 0.36% (n = 7), respectively. Thirty samples of malate (10µM) were analyzed for 1hr. This method was applied to the analysis of malate in several beverages, and malate content determined by this method agreed with that determined by a commercially available test-kit method.


Understanding fracture orientations is important for optimal field development of fractured reservoirs because fractures can act as conduits for fluid flow. This is especially true for unconventional reservoirs (e.g., tight gas sands and shale gas). Using walkaround Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology presents a unique opportunity to identify seismic azimuthal anisotropy for use in mapping potential fracture zones and their orientation around a borehole. Saudi Aramco recently completed the acquisition, processing and analysis of a walkaround VSP survey through an unconventional tight gas sand reservoir to help characterize fractures.


Objective:The change law of interrelation of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms and hemicellulose-decomposing microorganisms(bacteria and fungi), cellulase activity and hemicellulase activity and organic biodegradation was studied.Methods:Cellulose-decomposing and hemicellulose-decomposing microorganisms cultured by beef extract and peptone culture medium and Czapek agar medium added cellulose and hemicellulose were counted,respectively;organic content was measured after 4 hours in resistance furnace.Results:The results showed that previous four days the organic matter was daily averagely biodegraded by 5.2%, the latter three days by 2.2% during the initial stage of aerobic treatment.Conclusions:The quantity of hemicellulose-decomposing microorganisms was much more than that of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms and the cellulase activity was higher than the hemicellulase activity;the bacteria and fungi secreting the two enzymes predominated whole microorganisms in the former six days.Fungi developed rapidly since the sixth day and the cellulase activity and hemicellulase activity of fungi notably rose on the seventh day.


We developed a non-destructive evaluation system consisting of (1) a SQUID integrated with a gradiometer and (2) a cryostat. Since the cryostat contains a thin vacuum space in order to provide high spatial resolution and reduce background noise, the system was used in an unshielded environment. It was found that the system could defect a change in magnetization due to applied stress in SUS304. Simulated subsurface flaws in an aluminum plate were also detected, using an eddy current technique. These results confirmed that the system has high sensitivity and spatial resolution.


We explore the importance of the size and position of nanoholes on the electrochemical performance of single-walled carbon nanohorn (SWCNH)-based supercapacitors using an ionic liquid electrolyte. The oxidized sample at 673 K showed a low specific capacitance per unit of internal specific surface area (4.0 μF cm–2), as the nanoholes created on the tips of SWCNHs via a selective chemical attack are too small to introduce electrolyte ions. For a sample oxidized at 723 K, the enlarged diameter of the nanoholes on the tips allows electrolyte ions to penetrate into the internal spaces of the SWCNHs, thereby resulting in a 2-fold capacitance improvement (8.6 μF cm–2). However, the abrupt decrease in the capacitance of the oxidized SWCNHs at 823 K (3.8 μF cm–2) can be explained by the selective formation of nanoholes on the sidewalls of the SWCNHs, where the small interstitial pores restrict ion diffusion to deeply positioned nanoholes on the sidewalls of the SWCNHs. Our study clearly reveals that the size and p...


This paper proposes an adaptive droop control strategy to minimize line losses in an islanded micro grid. Conventional droop control strategy focuses on load sharing according to the ratings of different distributed generation (DG) units. In addition to load sharing, droop control also provides inertia to the system and thereby increases stability. However, when DG units are forced to send more current through longer transmission lines, line losses get increased. In this paper a modified droop control strategy is proposed to reduce this losses. Proposed adaptive droop control strategy modifies the droop coefficients in such a way that line losses get reduced. The proposed adaptive control strategy is analyzed by Matlab/Simulink based simulation studies.


This piece, included in the University of Hawaii Law Review's symposium issue on the Bishop Estate, explores the relationship between the new intermediate sanctions law and the IRS's power to revoke tax exemption under § 501(c)(3). Inspired by the storied setting, I indulge in a fantasy: This article pretends that the IRS revoked the Estate's exemption, and takes the form of the Tax Court declaratory judgment opinion. I reluctantly 'rule' that exemption was not appropriate, because State enforcement action against the trustees was proceeding. (However, this forum allows me to hedge my argument by producing two concurring and one dissenting opinion!) Better would be for Congress to take up the recommendation of the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation that the IRS be permitted to share with the States information from ongoing investigations of tax-exempt organizations.


Phenol and its derivatives are among the most dangerous pollutants entering the environment as part of wastewater from oil refineries and petrochemical plants, as well as pharmaceutical industry and construction materials. In surface water bodies, phenols occur in the form of their derivatives, namely: free phenols, phenolate ions and phenolates. The listed compounds have different degrees of toxicity, forming humus-like compounds as a result of polymerization and condensation reactions. For this reason, the treatment of phenolic wastewater is a very urgent problem in the petrochemical industry due to the high carcinogenicity of these impurities. Deep purification of water effluents is complicated by the fact that none of the known methods of removing phenols can achieve, with relatively acceptable technical and economic indicators, the required degree of purification. In accordance with the guidance document RD 52.24.480-2006 and the "Instructions for the formation and presentation of operational information on extremely high and high levels of surface water pollution, as well as their accidental pollution" (IGCE, Moscow, 2001), when assessing the pollution of natural waters with phenols, in all cases, 0.001 mg/dm3 is used as the MPC.


a minimum because the authors are not the leading academics or administrators of their countries; at least not yet! The problems encountered in almost all countries are: the scarcity of resources; economical or political conflicts; stigma based on ignorance, superstition, fear and helplessness; old cultural traditions; and inadequate research and training. This easy to read, concise, and authentic book should be useful for psychiatrists and general readers world wide because it reveals how each government has taken measures to solve these problems and it also emphasises the importance ofa primary-care-based psychiatry with the help ofgeneral practitioners and community health workers.


The paper deals with the problem of robust predictive fault-tolerant control for non-linear discrete-time systems. The proposed approach starts with the fault estimation and then the fault is compensated with a robust controller. If the robust fault compensation does not provide satisfactory results, which means that the current state does not belong to the robust invariant set, then a suitable predictive control actions are performed in order to enhance the invariant set. This appealing phenomenon makes it possible to enlarge the domain of attraction, which makes the proposed approach an efficient solution. Subsequently, the proposed approach is extended to the linear parameter varying systems. The final part of the paper shows an illustrative example regarding wind turbines.


We rise by lifting others". A very true quote by famous agnostic Robert Green Ingersoll tells about the way entrepreneurship should go on. If entrepreneurs go with their so called prime objectives of earning money and serving customers, only entrepreneur's and customer's living standard will be heightened. But if social entrepreneurship is promoted, the society may take a positive change towards heightening the living standard of common people. No doubt many social entrepreneurs worldwide are proving this statement by serving the suppressed or neglected people throughout the world. The lives of such people are taking good breath because of them. Still such efforts should be promoted in the rural parts of the India to attend problems.


Purpose:  Surgery is the usual treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: the most commonly used procedure is double burr hole craniostomy under general anesthesia for evacuation of the hematoma. However, there is an alternative technique which is single burr hole under local anesthesia. The purpose behind this study is evaluation of the prognosis of this technique in the management of CSDH according to the cause, clinical presentation, surgical procedure, and outcome.
Methodology: In this prospective study, 41 patients with CSDH underwent single burr hole craniostomy under local anesthesia from June, 2022 to May, 2023, at West Erbil Emergency Hospital based on the etiology, clinical picture, surgical procedure, and complications. We excluded some cases from our study: age less than 20 years, uncooperative patients, and multilocular hematomas.
Findings: Patients were from 20 to 85 years of age and the mean age was 65 years. Among them, 24 (58.5%) were males and 17 (41.4%) were females. Previous trauma was the major cause of CSDH in 27 (65.8%) followed by coagulopathy in in 7 (17%), anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs in 5 (12%) and ICP hypotension in 2 (4%). Contralateral weakness was the most common presentation in 23 (56%), headache in 16 (39%) disturbance in level of consciousness in 10 (24.3%), and convulsion in 6 (14%).


Urethral stricture in a woman is a difficult diagnosis to establish due to its rarity and clinical resemblance to bladder outlet obstruction. Imaging is used to differentiate between the various bladder, urethral, and extrinsic causes of obstruction with the standard voiding cystourethrographic examination but with little success in female patients. The following case presents complete urethral stricture in a woman, which was detected with transvaginal sonography. Transvaginal sonography is not a common modality used to assess female urethral anatomy. The urinary bladder is comfortably distended, unlike in transvaginal sonography for gynecologic indications. Urethral evaluations can be carried out while the patient strains in an attempt to void the urinary bladder. As the normal proximal urethra distends with the antegrade flow of urine during straining, the urethral caliber and wall can be evaluated to assess the level, cause, and severity of obstruction. Sonography provides the unique ability to capture a dynamic assessment of the urethra for a reasonable length of time, without the use of ionizing radiation.


This paper offers a commentary on Maurice Halwachs' writings on "collective memory" in the years between 1925-1945. Architectural and urban spaces figure prominently in work of the French sociologist since he maintains that memories survive in the longue duree only to the extent they are indexed into architectural places, and mapped into an urban and historical topography. This comes with a caveat: in his pioneering study of "collective memory," La topographie legendaire des Evangiles en Terre Sainte: etude de memoire collective , Halbwachs highlights the discrepancy between the archaeological record preserved in material culture—for example ancient ruins and monuments—and the living memory of a religious community. Likewise, in his study of working classes, Halbwachs' neologism, "collective memory" is defined as a deliberately unstable, and socially constructed category.  The provisional and fluid definition that Halbwachs assigned to "collective memory" offers an insight into our present predicament. In the last decades, the ability of architecture, urban design, and architectural conservation in framing and preserving a stable and unified cultural heritage has been profoundly challenged. This paper makes the case for moving away from merely technical inquiries that understand architecture and places as "sites of memory" to a new direction that builds upon Halbwachs' social frameworks of memory. It is thanks to Halbwach's pioneering, if incomplete, work on "collective memory" that we may understand how the emerging and open-ended social formations transform architecture and urban spaces.


Incretin‐based therapies have a glucose‐dependent mode of action that results in excellent glucose‐lowering efficacy with very low risk of hypoglycaemia, and weight neutrality [dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors] or weight loss [glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists], in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) complement physician evaluations of efficacy and tolerability and offer insights into the subjective experience of using modern diabetes treatments. We conducted a systematic search of clinical trials of the GLP‐1 receptor agonists liraglutide, exenatide and long‐acting exenatide, one of which included the oral DPP‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin as a comparator. No other PRO data for DPP‐4 inhibitors were identified. This review summarizes PRO data from eight clinical trials, the majority of which used the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) and/or Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) to evaluate patient experience. People with T2DM were highly satisfied with modern incretin‐based therapies compared with traditional therapies. Treatment satisfaction (including perceptions of convenience and flexibility) was high and generally higher with GLP‐1 agonists in association with their greater glucose‐lowering efficacy and tendency to facilitate weight loss. Weight‐related quality of life (QoL) also improved in people using incretin therapies. The glycaemic improvements achieved with GLP‐1 receptor agonists, coupled with the low incidence of hypoglycaemia and ability to cause weight loss, seemed to offset potential concern about injections. It is plausible that superior patient‐reported benefits found in clinical trials may translate into improved, clinically meaningful, long‐term outcomes through increased treatment acceptability. Long‐term, prospective data are needed to ascertain whether this is the case in practice.


Let {X n} be a sequence of random variables and M n=Vni=1X i . Suppose that the distributions of {M n} are related to a sequence of nondecreasing functions g(n) , The limiting distributions of {M n} are discussed.


Petroleum is one of the defining resources of technology underpinning much of modern, mechanized human society. Its importance to modern states seems obvious. Many wars have been fought over the control of oil, and many more threaten us in the future. The Soviet Union, which boasted of being the country richest with energy sources, used its vast control of oil as a political and economic weapon during the Cold War. The precipitous decline of oil prices in the 1980s was a contributing factor in the demise of the USSR in 1991. Felix Rehschuh's fine study of the development of the oil industry in the Soviet Union convincingly shows that the Soviet Union only belatedly arrived as an oil superpower. Once Soviet leaders fully grasped the importance of oil as an energy source and a political and economic weapon, they used it forcefully and strategically to extend their political influence. Rehschuh analyzes the reasons for Moscow's delayed involvement in oil as power. According to Rehschuh, the legacy left by the Soviet Founding Father, Vladimir Lenin, was a crucial factor. In December 1920 Lenin proclaimed: "Communism is Soviet power plus the electrification of the whole country, since industry cannot be developed without electrification." Soviet leaders identified the source of electricity with coal and hydroelectric power. They viewed petroleum as unwieldy—expensive to prospect, extract, and transport—and preferred what they considered simpler and cheaper sources. They understood oil mainly as a source of war machines such as tanks, airplanes, and warships. Unlike Britain and France, the Soviet Union did not seek to secure foreign oil. Instead, like Germany, the Soviet Union sought to develop synthetic oil (e.g., from coal) as a more dependable and cheaper source of energy. In the early Soviet era, leaders in the Kremlin believed, in any case, that petroleum accounted for less than 1 percent of domestic energy resources available in the country (p. 49). As a result, Soviet propaganda overwhelmingly emphasized the coal and hydropower industries as heroic producers and largely dismissed the oil industry as a "problem child." During the early Soviet period, as during the Tsarist period, oil was exported, providing valuable foreign currency to the Soviet government. The Great Depression led to a collapse of global oil prices and made oil even less attractive to Soviet leaders. With no national plan for oil supply, regional authorities developed energy sufficiency programs. The log of visitors to Joseph Stalin's office indicates that from 1934 to 1938 he met representatives of the oil industry only once, in the summer of 1936 (p. 86). As with other industries, the oil industry was severely disrupted by Stalin's purges and Great Terror. The threat of war in the late 1930s changed the Soviet view of petroleum, to an extent. The export of oil (crude oil and oil products), which peaked in 1932– 1933, had practically ceased by the late 1930s, and the Soviet Union may even have imported oil from abroad. Simultaneously, Soviet officials sought to develop a "second


Young adolescents are more vulnerable to disinformation owing to the time that they spend online and their content consumption habits. The consequences of this phenomenon can be serious, both for the individual and at a social and political level. To alleviate this situation, different agencies recommend healthy practices regarding consumption and exchange of information; from checklists to self-learning exercises for the development of critical thinking. This research proposes a tool for the identification of behaviours among adolescents when giving credibility to information or content and the motives that lead them to share it, contributing at times to the spread of misleading information. After an exhaustive process of design, piloting, and psychometric validation using an English-speaking sample (N = 417), a reliable instrument was obtained. We also measured its correlation with critical thinking and moral disengagement. The results lead us to conclude that this is a new tool with which to observe the information consumption behaviours of young people and thus measure their vulnerability to disinformation. Similarly, we have confirmed how greater critical thinking is positively related to more responsible consumption when giving credibility to content or news, and how moral disengagement is linked to the fact of sharing such items with greater ease.


The present invention relates to novel compounds of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each hydrogen, alkyl, halogen, carbomethoxy, carbethoxy, alkoxy, or alkanoyl, R6 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different and are each hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxyethoxy or ethoxyethoxy whereby R3, R4 and R5 are not all hydrogen, and whereby when two of R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen the third of R3, R4 and R5 is not methyl. The compounds are potent gastric acid secretion inhibitors.


Objective To study the therapeutic effect and the immunity function influence by the herbal capsules of nourishing lung and activating blood circulation treating chronic pulmonary cardiac disease(PCD).Methods 78 patients diagnosed as PCD were divided into two groups by random.Among these paitents,therapeutic group(n=40)were treated by the herbal capsules of nourishing lung and activating blood circulation on the base of routine medicine therapy,but control group(n=38) were only treated by routine medicine therapy.Results The herbal capsules of nourishing lung and activating blood circulation could improve clinic symptom of patients obviously,such as cough,whoop,heart-throb,rheum and lingua with petechia,the difference was significantly compared to the control group(P0.05).Meanwhile the patients′ blood rheology and immunity function had been improved significantly,compared to the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The herbal capsules of nourishing lung and activating blood circulation is sure to have curative effect to treat chronic pulmonary cardiac disease.


The horizontally oriented surface designed textile art includes depictions of pink ribbons rippling through the sky into the distant background. At the lower edge is seen a silhouette of a mountainous horizon.


Summary One of the most complex challenges facing cataloging departments today is how to provide title-level access to electronic journals in aggregator databases. The speakers in this workshop reported on two initiatives directed towards experimenting with automated procedures for creating and adding bibliographic records to the catalog. John Riemer reported on the work of the first CONSER Task Group on Journals in Aggregator Databases. Jina Wakimoto described her library's use of records provided by EBSCO for the titles in Academic Search Elite.


Aluminum matrix composites (AMC"s) reinforced with Silicon Carbide (Sic), Titanium (Ti) particles are being used for high performance applications such as Automotive, Aerospace, Military and Electrical Industries, because of their improved physical and Mechanical properties. Mechanical properties such as Hardness, Impact Strength, and Wear were carried out for different conditions. In the present study a modest attempt has been made to develop aluminum 6063 based silicon carbide (Sic) and titanium (Ti) particulate metal matrix composites (MMC), with an objective to develop a conventional low cost method of producing MMCs. Stir casting techniques used for fabrication of MMC"s and the specimen were prepared to carry out the mechanical and NDT test. The results reveal that the Metal Matrix Composite (MMC"S) containing 15% of Silicon Carbide and 10% of titanium reinforcement was shown more improvement in Mechanical properties.


By analyzing the absence of integration in the regulatory detailed planning,this paper explores the idea and method of comprehensive regulation over the plan. It suggests reforming the existing regulatory detailed plan formulation system and constructing a hierarchical system which includes three levels:i.e. city holistic regulation,unit regulation,and block plot regulation,and two stages:i.e. regulatory detailed plan outline and unit regulatory plan. It argues that the regulatory detailed plan outline would be helpful to regulate the general construction of a city and guide the plot regulation,therefore better guide the urban development.


The increasing use of location-based services (LBS) poses a significant threat to location privacy of the user. The selection and transmission of dummy locations with the real location in a query has emerged as a common approach to preserve location privacy of a user in LBS. Most of the existing schemes employ entropy maximization as a metric for selecting dummy locations. However, the entropy maximization-based schemes do not preserve privacy in all cases. In this paper, we analyze the limitation of entropy maximization-based schemes in providing privacy. Further, we consider a scenario wherein a stationary user repeatedly uses LBS within a short interval of time and show the adverse impact of the repeated queries of the user on the performance of the existing scheme. We propose an enhanced scheme that preserves privacy of user even for repeated queries. Lastly, numerical results verify the performance of the proposed scheme.


Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) was first described by Sjaastad who also described a remitting form of this condition (1, 2). This new entity was named episodic paroxysmal hemicrania (EPH) in 1987 by Kudrow (3). It is characterized by brief, frequent attacks of unilateral orbital or temporal pain with associated autonomic symptoms. Most cases respond to indomethacin. A seasonal variant of EPH has been described (4), but never a response to treatment with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors.


Economic growth and development leads to increase in consumption of goods, also invites innovations among educated and skilled societies, but is associated with possible inflation and pressures on resources in the market economies. Population is growing, connectivity and personal aspiration are changing, investment required for facilities and energy generation and for goods in demand, get higher. The sustainability of natural resources, biodiversity and its conservation in these environments, calls for with environment-linked controls on use of the finite resources, use of renewable energies, renewable fuels (biomass, bio-diesel and coal gasification). In India, which gets second largest rainfall among countries in this universe, depends on monsoon for its water resource. Recent focus on need for adoption technologies for removing pollutants from air, in waters, rivers and the land/soil, become equally demanding. The term "clean technologies" covers these environmentally benign technologies for use, conversion of the resources and wastes by nonpolluting processes into products, which are acceptable as environmentally benign products and services. The fuel sources, the forests, coal, biomass, biological waste, fisheries etc also become victims of increasing human need for energy, which is limited in availability and warrants a priority listing leads among the imbalanced supplies. The threat of India experiencing water stressed by 2025, also looms large. The availability, quantity, quality, access to source and its conveyance to place of use is likely to play a role in the sectors which are dependant on water economy. The scarcity and consequential impacts may lead to apportioning a price on waters, in Abstraction, conveyance, storage, treatment, conservation, and in all its demand forms.


iv Dedication v Acknowledgments vi List of Tables ix List of Figures x Chapter One: Introduction 1 Problem Statement 3 Purpose 4 Research Questions 5 Defining Academic Engagement 5 Measuring Academic Engagement 7 Significance 9 Summary 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 13 Theories of College Engagement and Persistence 13 Conceptual Model 18 Factors Influencing Student Persistence 21 Student-Faculty Interactions and Persistence 23 Learning Strategies and Persistence 24 Collaborative Learning and Persistence 27 Summary of Academic Engagement and Persistence 29 Limitations of Previous Literature 31 Summary 35 Chapter 3: Research Design and Methodology 37 Problem Statement 37 Purpose 37 Research Questions 38 Conceptual Model 38 Data Sources 39 Rationale for Data Sources 42 Validity and Reliability 43 Data Collection 44 Population and Sampling Frame 45 Variables for the Model 48


Metabolic syndrome (MS) may affect the quality of life (QOL) of patients, and possibly their plasma IGF-1 level. This study is to investigate whether the QOL would be improved and IGF-1 level elevated simultaneously by a Chinese herbal formula, Slimpid (Rhizoma Alismatis, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Semen Cassiae, Pericarpium Arecae, Fructus Crataegi and Astragalus membranaceus). Forty nine subjects with one or more risk factors of MS were divided into Group A (n = 24) and Group B (n = 25) randomly in a double-blinded arrangement. The Chinese Quality of Life Instrument(1) and plasma IGF-1 were engaged as the measure outcomes. Significant improvement in stamina (P < 0.05) of test subjects at the 6th week and in complexion (P < 0.05) and stamina (P < 0.001) at the 12th week after administration of Slimpid were observed. No such changes were observed in the placebo group. Serum IGF-1 level of the test subjects increased significantly (P < 0.05) from the 6th week to the 12th week. No such change was observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, Slimpid may be able to improve QOL of subjects associated with MS. The delayed increase in IGF-1 might contribute partially to the improvements of QOL of the test subjects.


The Gyeong'un palace(慶運宮) commenced its service initially as a facility known as the 'Jeong'reung-dong Haeng'gung(貞陵洞行宮),' which was originally designed as a temporary residence for the traveling king. Later it served as a 'temporary palace' for King Seonjo for a while, when he returned from his brief evacuation of the capital due to the breakout of the war with the Japanese in the 1590s. This facility was only meant as a temporary living place for the king, but with king Seonjo's prolonged stay at this place, it began to serve as a fully functional palace. After the war, it was simply fiscally unsound to rebuild the old palace, so Seonjo decided to enlarge this Haeng'gung residence, and create a special section(別殿) and then transform the entire facility into an I'gung(離宮) palace. King Gwang'hae-gun, who were staying at this place as well since his enthronement, decided to move over to the recently completed Changdeok palace(昌德宮) which had been going through a renovation since the ending days of Seonjo. At the occasion, he bestowed a formal title of Gyeong'un palace(慶運宮) to the place where he had been staying, and ordered all the offices that had been serving the kings during their stay be maintained. Gwang'hae-gun made it official that until the Gyeongbok palace(景福宮) was reconstructed, Gyeong'un palace(慶運宮) would continue to serve as an I'gung(離宮) palace. Later he returned to this place even with the objection of the vassals, and stayed there until the seventh year of his reign. It seems like he wanted to show the public and the government that Gyeong'un palace was being actively used just like the new Main palace(法宮) Changdeok palace.


This paper provides a comparative analysis of technology transfer practices in the European Union (EU), with special emphasis on Spain, and the USA. In EU member states hundreds of policy measures and support schemes for innovation have been implemented or are under discussion. In particular, two aspects of innovation are being specifically developed by each country because of their relevance to the global economy: industry-science relationships and the protection of intellectual property rights. This study first presents an overview of the evolution of the regulatory framework and the current legal status in the EU with regard to these key issues. The USA continues to record impressive statistics concerning the transfer of the results of academic research for commercial application and the exploitation of intellectual property rights. To identify the key factors in its success, some distinct characteristics of the US regulatory environment are presented. Finally, the paper identifies the crucial steps that need to be taken in the next phase of global interaction between science and industry and international patent systems so as to manage a worldwide network of innovation that will encourage a growing competitive economy.


Everyone knows that athletes can get the 'hot hand' and have a streak in which they perform better than normal, or an awful slump. But, a trio of psychologists – Gilovich, Vallone, and Tversky – published an analysis in 1985 showing that two NBA teams showed no such effects in either field goals or free throws. Later in 1989, Tversky and Gilovich debunked the hot hand in a further article in this journal. Basketball players were not the only ones to be dumbfounded. Yet, belief in the hot hand has been blamed for all sorts of anomalous bets on outcomes in sports, games in casinos, and trades in the stock market.


It takes a lot to put six television programs, and a host of radio shows, to air from a regional city, but that is what the ABC did in Toowoomba.


During the last 5 years, nearly all economic sectors have come in touch with the internet and with the vast business opportunities being offered by different aspects of e- and m-business. In 1998, our research group carried out an initial survey targeting the Austrian top-500 companies. We wanted to know whether or not these companies had already accepted the e-business challenge or if they were still losing ground compared to their European competitors. The survey showed quite clearly that the majority of the Austrian top-500 companies had not identified the challenge and that more than two-thirds of the companies neither did nor were planning to do e-business in any way. The research project also identified a lack in necessary IT infrastructure as a solid basis for intranet/internet e-business solutions. To gain more detailed insight about the evolution of e-business in Austria, we continued this research project over the following years. This paper describes the development of e- and m-business in Austria during the last 4 years. The data have been collected in four quantitative surveys. Over the years, the findings show that the Austrian companies have prepared their IT and telecommunications infrastructure but are still lacking an overall e- and m-business strategy.


Abstract:Welfare workers volunteering with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), a Jewish welfare organization, delivered crucial legal assistance to Holocaust survivors gathered in displaced persons (DP) camps in the American Zone of occupied Germany; however, today their story is largely forgotten. Their legal aid program embodied a unique relationship between social work and law. JDC relief workers developed a legal consciousness in response to the many injustices they witnessed in the DP camps, which allowed them to identify the gap between the basic support provided by relief programs, and the actual needs of the DPs. From this awareness they gradually developed a program of legal welfare, assisted Jews in their daily interactions with Americans and Germans, provided them with legal instruction and education, and protected them when conflicts arose. These JDC volunteers were fueled by a sense of moral responsibility and compassion for the Jewish DPs, who were forced to live in a foreign and often hostile environment. Remarkably, this story has largely been neglected in Holocaust scholarship, though the archives have yielded hundreds of reports by JDC welfare workers, as well as the papers of Oskar Mintzer, a key figure in the creation of the JDC's legal aid program. The JDC was at the forefront of an unprecedented humanitarian crisis, and this aspect of its work represents a forgotten milestone in the development of a more holistic approach to refugee assistance and support. This study offers a starting point for further research in order to better understand humanitarian aid for asylum seekers, DPs, and refugees in the twenty-first century.


From the results obtained for different geometric factors of the contactor (angle and inlet diameter) and for different operating conditions (particle size, stagnant bed height, and air velocity), the validity of a linear correlation based on the ratio between drag and gravitational forces is proven for the calculation of bed voidage in conical spouted beds when they operate in the transition between the regimes of a spouted bed and a jet-spouted bed. The parameters of this equation are calculated from the correlations previously proposed for the calculation of the bed voidage corresponding to these extreme regimes. The dependency on these parameters of the geometric factors and operating conditions has been determined.


The concentrations of heavy metals Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb and Cd in the wetland in the Pear River Estuary were investigated through the field sample and AAS measurement.The assessment on the potential ecological risk was also done using Hkanson's potential ecological risk index method.The results showed that the average concentrations were in order: ZnCrCu PbCd,and were significantly greater than their background values.Among them,the average concentration of Cd was as high as 40~60 times of its background value.The potential ecological risk was mainly resulted from Cd,which was at the considerable risk level.Cu was just at low risk level at some locations.The heavy metal pollution in wetland has challenged the nowadays reclamation,aquaculture and ecological protection.


"Design a service to help iris Concise in the productisation of their consultancy services, in order to maximize impact in the marketing consultancy world" The product is built up as a circle with four layers. In the middle there is a blank spot. The first layer includes all the customer understanding tools, the second layers provides tools that can identify market opportunities, the third layer is built up with a set of creative tools and the fourth layer is an overview of all the measurement and evaluations tools. The client objectives will come in the middle of the circle.


The defining goal of clinical research is to generate knowledge that can be used to enhance the therapeutic capacities and decision-making of clinicians and policymakers. Achieving this goal often requires experimenting on or collecting information about human subjects 1 in ways that would, without consent, infringe their rights. Guidelines for human subjects research, such as the Nuremberg Code, the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, and the Common Rule Regulations exist because of notorious studies that, among other things, failed to obtain voluntary and informed consent from human subjects. The Nazi doctors forced prisoners into harmful experiments (Claims Conference 2007). The Tuskegee Syphilis Study tricked subjects into accepting a painful non-therapeutic lumbar puncture under the guise of "special free treatment" (Brandt 1978). Had the investigators in these experiments sought voluntary and informed consent, subjects would have refused and avoided serious harm. But protection from unwanted harm is not the only function of consent. In another much-discussed study, patients at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital were injected with live cancer cells for a purely scientific purpose, without being told that the injection was not for their benefit and that it contained live cancer cells (Arras 2008). The researchers argued that, since the injection posed no serious risk, the patients did not need to be informed about the contents or purpose of the injection to protect themselves from harm. Nevertheless, by injecting the patients without their informed consent, the researchers had clearly infringed on the patients' rights to decide what is done to their bodies. The lessons of these early scandals have been learned. The norm of obtaining voluntary and informed consent is now deeply entrenched in clinical research. Yet the topic of consent in clinical research remains a focus of discussion. There are two principal areas of continuing controversy. One centers on the question of when consent to low-risk research is necessary and when it is not. It can be very costly or even infeasible to seek consent for certain types of studies, such as research on biological samples and emergency research. If consent is unnecessary in such studies this would be a boon to science, but there is disagreement about the conditions under which low-risk research may go forward without consent. Another source of controversy derives from a worry that, even when consent is sought from subjects, the consent they provide is often defective. Consent should be adequately informed and voluntary. But empirical research has shown that subjects frequently have deficits in their 26 CONSENT IN CLINICAL RESEARCH


Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the perception of value and risk in CSR as well as analyzing how financial institutions influence responsible behavior in business in order to crea ...