Performance optimization of distributed system in internet is of immense interest in research community. As the number of internet users in distributed system increase the communication between client and server. The server actually performs the communication, so in the distributed system server which is having highest load, its time is considered as the total time of performance of that system. This measures the time of the slowest server which makes complicated Clientserver assignment protocol. To reduce this our proposed system provides a way to optimize the request coming towards the server from client end by performing inter server communication and then load will be calculated to distribute among all the servers to achieve equal time of performance by all servers. This will increase the performance of the distributed internet system. KeywordsDistributed Internet System(DIS), Load balancing, performance optimization, inter server communication.


Although committee authorship is often hazardous to a book's health, the editors of this one have succeeded admirably in overcoming the main risk, a lack of cohesiveness. Like another committee-authored book, Assessing Genetic Risks (Committee of the Institute of Medicine, 1994), this one addresses a range of issues about genetic testing, describes the related empirical data, and provides recommendations for the ethical use of genetic information and technology. Unlike the earlier work, however, Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States reads as if the editors were able and willing to see that the content was integrated and consistent, with a minimal amount of repetition. Neil (Tony) Holtzman, co-editor of both books, may have been particularly motivated to insure that these qualities prevailed after his experience with the earlier tome. It strains credibility to believe that 19 members of the Task Force on Genetic Testing were involved in writing this Report. A 20th member, David Cox, explicitly disassociated himself from the final publication. However, all of the other voting and nonvoting members are authors to the extent that they participated in the discussions that generated the content and assented to its articulation. The members of the Task Force, chaired by Holtzman, were appointed by the Working Group on Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) of Human Genome Research for the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health to consider genetic tests, the laboratories that provide them, and their use by health care providers and consumers. Fifteen voting members were selected from groups that have "a stake in genetic testing" (p. xi); these included genetic counseling, biotechnology, health insurance, and the American Medical Association. Five nonvoting members were designated to represent agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services.


The day New Zealand changed to decimal currency is interpreted as a rugby game commentary - The day kicked-off before a big crowd. The last scene shows the frustration of a retailer dealing with pounds, shillings and pence and decimal currency - However, there were one or two who failed with the conversion.
Quantity: 1 original cartoon(s).
Physical Description: Black ink, letratone and pencil, 288 x 455 mm
Finding Aids: Photocopies available in Pictorial Reference Service.


The notion of successful literary translation and the fate of culture have been a constant concern to literary translators and scholars in cognitive and semiotic science. Studies of cognitive linguistics indicate that conceptual metaphors of any language are highly dependent on the cultural models of that language. A great deal of such studies has been devoted to the cultural conceptualization of body parts in different languages as the metaphoric embodiment of thoughts and emotions experienced by the speakers of that language. From the perspective of cultural semiotics, however, each metaphoric conceptualization is also indicative of specific subsets within a text, presenting the translator with even more challenges. Still, semiotics appears to be equipped with an extensive set of compatible ideas for coping with such challenging situations.The purpose of this essay is to offer a semiotic framework for the translation of the conceptualizations of body parts. I will discuss the ways in which the proposed method deals with the central issues faced in the translation process. This framework is mainly based on the semiotic theories of, among others, Lotman and Eco, and draws illustrations from the conceptualizations of "del" (heart/abdomen) in Persian and their corresponding English translations. This study hopes to provide a deeper view of the role and fate of cultural aspects in the translation process, as well as to dignify the status of the translator as both receiver and creator of a text.


The invention relates to a compound type slurry curing agent for conducting curing treatment on waste slurry generated in geotechnical engineering (for example, investigation drilling, cast-in-place pile, anchorage engineering, trenchless construction and the like), as well as the sludge at the bottom of reservoirs, ditches, ponds, pools and the like. In the invention, the compound type slurry curing agent is prepared by adding and mixing fine sand, lime, industrial waste gypsum, fly ash and super absorbent resin in cement curing agent evenly according to a certain proportion. The slurry curing agent greatly improves the curing effect of slurry, reduces the use amount of cement and lowers the cost. Besides, by doping industrial wastes such as waste gypsum, fly ash and the like in cement, the pollution to the environment is abated, the recycle of wastes is promoted and favorable economic and social benefits are available.


Onnia triquetra, a Pinus specialist polypore species in Europe, is reported for the first time in Hungary. Historical and recent collections of almost 60 years were examined. The macroand micromorphological characteristics are given, along with ecological inferences of the species and its hosts in Hungary.


Verifying reconfigurable systems or any computing system is hard. This work presents an implementation of multiple UDP ports for FaceWorks, an IP core used for hardware test and debug over the UDP/IP network protocol, which is a patented and proprietary technology of the company Coreworks SA. The objective of having multiple ports is to allow multiple software threads or processes to independently control the device under test (eg. multiple audio streams driven by multiple programs). The new FaceWorks hardware has been designed in Verilog and tested using a SystemC model and an FPGA board. The SystemC model is automatically generated and simulated using Verilator. A PC software application to exercise the two UDP ports for testing the system has been developed. This application connects to both the SystemC model or FPGA board, indistinguishably. Experiments and implementation results are reported.


Innovative therapies combining gene-corrected stem cells and the production of bioengineered tissues to treat epidermolysis bullosa are emerging. However, quantitative tests to measure the adhesion forces between two highly viscoelastic substrates like those found in bilayered bioengineered skin are needed and are still lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a mechanical test to measure the dermal-epidermal adhesion strength of our bilayered tissue-engineered skin substitute (TES) produced with the self-assembly method. We developed a peel test, which allows the displacement of both skin layers in a T configuration, based on the ASTM International standard. A MATLAB program was written to process and analyze raw data. The experimental set-up was tested by measuring the dermal-epidermal adhesion strength in TESs produced with normal or collagen VII-deficient cells. Our peel testing method allowed us to detect the impact of the absence of collagen VII in the dermal-epidermal adhesion strength of TESs and also to examine the progression of the dermal-epidermal adhesion strength in relation with culture time in normal TES.


An account is given of the synthesis of (±)-18-methyl-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, (±)-21-hydroxy-18-methyl-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, (±)-21-acetoxy-17-hydroxy-18-methyl-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione, (±)-21-acetoxy-11β,17-dihydroxy-18-methyl-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, and related compounds, starting from the readily available (±)-13-ethyl-3-methoxygona-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17-one.


In crowdsourcing scenarios, we can obtain each instance's multiple noisy labels set from different crowd workers and then use a ground truth inference algorithm to infer its integrated label. Despite the effectiveness of ground truth inference algorithms, a certain level of noise still remains in the integrated labels. To reduce the impact of noise, many noise correction algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, however, nearly all existing noise correction algorithms only exploit each instance's own multiple noisy label sets but ignore the multiple noisy label sets of its neighbors. Here neighbors refer to the nearest instances found in the feature space based on the distance metric learning. In this article, we propose neighborhood weighted voting-based noise correction (NWVNC). In NWVNC, we at first take advantage of the multiple noisy label sets of each instance's neighbors (including itself) to estimate the probability that it belongs to its integrated label. Then, we use the estimated probability to identify and filter noise instances and thus obtain a clean set and a noise set. Finally, we train three heterogeneous classifiers on the clean set and correct the noise instances by the consensus voting of three trained classifiers. The experimental results on 34 simulated and two real-world crowdsourced datasets show that NWVNC significantly outperforms all the other state-of-the-art noise correction algorithms used for comparison.


While the study of extrasolar planetary systems has made astonishing progress during the last decade we are very much at the beginning of this new topic. Our study so far has only been sensitive to gas giant extrasolar planets. The 110 or so that we have discovered probably represent the relatively close‐in subset of the population of gas giant planets. Here we consider some of the questions that arise from the study of the properties of this subset. In particular we focus on the semimajor axis of extrasolar planets. Values of semimajor axis are a key parameter because observationally they are well determined and theoretically they are a key test of planet formation and migration. While many features of the semimajor axis distributions are well produced by models, features such as the apparent drop in eccentrities and metallicities towards large values of semimajor axis are not yet reproduced by simulations. A full understanding of the statistics of extrasolar planets awaits the discovery and study of a m...


This paper deals with a 44pole-48slot fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (FSCW PMSM) for low speed direct drive. Two different rotor topologies, surface permanent magnet (SPM) rotor and consequent pole (CP) rotor, are optimized and compared in depth both analytically and experimentally. The experimental results confirmed FSCW PMSM with CP rotor can achieve almost equivalent performance at rated state when compared to FSCW PMSM with SPM rotor with 33% less PM material.


In this paper, we investigate the use of CAS in Danish upper secondary school from a norms perspective. The construct of sociomathematical norms is used to understand the potential influence that CAS may have on the rules (and values) in the mathematics classroom. We focus on a situation of teacher change, where the different teachers enact different norm sets related to students' CAS use in their mathematical work. We zoom in on one student's perception of this, and find that the teachers' CAS policies have a direct influence on how students' navigate in their mathematical work. In particular, the alignment between teachers' endorsed and enacted norms as well as the extent to which the norms impose judgement on the students' behalf in relation to CAS use play a major role in this respect.


The effects of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) as well as swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation on the optical and electrical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) have been investigated. The self-sustaining films of non-conducting PMMA and PMMA/MWCNT nanocomposites were irradiated under vacuum with 50 MeV Lithium (Li3+) and 80 MeV Carbon (C5+) at 1×1013 ion fluence. One peak photoluminescence (PL) band was found in Raman spectra. All these results were explained on the basis of charge transfer complex (CTC).


In this paper an algorithm, into how visualization is used to improve students' comprehension of the structure of a surface which is a two-dimensional graphic, has been described. According to the constructivist learning theory, we tried to determine a road from the picture of a curve to a surface. An ordinary Computer Algebra System may easily plot a surface represented by a two variable function. This method of plotting may only make us excited and provide us a chance to see a two dimensional graph. In this paper, we aimed to suggest a procedure constructing a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental structure of a surface.


The invention provides a method for judging pulse signals. The method includes acquiring time-domain signals acquired by a pulse sensor, and extracting the maximum values and the minimum values of the time-domain signals; computing difference values between the maximum values and the minimum values and comparing the difference values to first threshold values; processing the time-domain signals if the difference values are larger than or equal to the first threshold values and converting the time-domain signals into frequency-domain signals; computing ratios of first total power of the frequency-domain signals in first frequency intervals to total power of the frequency-domain signals in second frequency intervals, and comparing the ratios to second threshold values; determining that the time-domain signals are the pulse signals of measured objects if the ratios are larger than or equal to the second threshold values. The invention further provides a device for judging the pulse signals and physiological parameter measuring equipment on the basis of the device. The method, the device and the physiological parameter measuring equipment have the advantage that whether the signals acquired by the pulse sensor are the pulse signals or not can be accurately judged.


In the field of psychology resilience of the chronically ill has been studied mostly using quantitative research methods, but there are much fewer qualitative studies. This scoping review aims to collect definitions of resilience, find out, whether resilience development strategies are mentioned and what research approaches are used in qualitative studies about the resilience of the chronically ill. The review was conducted, following the 5-stage framework by Arksey and O'Malley, PRISMA guidelines, and searching in PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus databases. The main keywords (patients with chronic illness, resilience, strategies, qualitative studies) were selected according to the Participants/Concept/Context (PCC) framework, 21 articles were included in the review. Resilience mostly was defined as the ability to recover, return to normality, and adapt to new conditions after experiencing stress, illness, or other negative events. In several studies, other terms like coping, personal strength, self-management, and psychological growth were used instead. Lived experiences of the chronically ill show that resilience is not a stable ability, it changes over time. Resilience can be developed, using different strategies, such as having a positive mindset, learning new skills, accepting help, or promoting a healthy lifestyle. Qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis were the most often used research approaches in qualitative studies about the resilience of the chronically ill.


This chapter explores the impact of international remittances on household welfare and women empowerment in Bangladesh. In doing so, primary data and several methods are used. Firstly, this chapter constructs a household welfare index and women empowerment index to measure the level of household welfare and women empowerment, respectively. Secondly, this chapter uses a one-way ANOVA test to analyze respondents' socio-economic features. Finally, linear regression is applied to examine the impact of international remittances on household welfare. This study finds that international remittances have an influence on household welfare improvement but no influence on women empowerment in the study area. This chapter also finds that if a household receives international remittances, the level of household welfare may be increased by Tk. 3167.49. Therefore, this chapter calls for the policies for larger inflows of remittances and its proper utilization in productive purposes.


In recent years, the explosion of digital data and information, and various applications such as real-time monitoring, distributed collaboration, large-scale medical and financial data analysis and social network accumulate large amounts of data from different data owners. The burgeoning ability to generate vast volumes of data presents technical challenges for efficient data mining. Meanwhile, with the emergence of cloud computing and its model for IT services, which affords both computational and storage scalability, the outsourcing of data for storage and mining services is acquiring popularity. So, many organizations having insufficient storage and computational resources, willing to reduce their storage and computation cost, are widely adopting the outsourcing of the data mining jobs to a third party service provider. These service providers are assumed to be semi-trusted parties for privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a collaborative privacy-preserving data mining (CPPDM) solution for outsourced data, which ensures that the data is stored, processed and shared without violating the user privacy. In our solution, we are using anonymization and encryption techniques for user privacy.


: In recent years, internet-based platform companies play an increasing important role in human social life. On May 15, 2021, the president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) presided over the ninth meeting of the Central Finance and Economics Committee and iterated that China's internet-based platform companies is witnessing a key development stage. They are suggested to be farsighted, complement their weakness, bolster weak points in the platforms in both the long and short terms, create innovative business environment and cope with prominent contradictions and problems. Furthermore, the standardized healthy sustainable development of internet-based platform companies can be promoted. Internet-based platform companies as immerging products in the Internet Era demonstrate issues such as development insufficiency and inadaptability to supervision systems, even deriving "coupon clipping economy". These issues add to pressure on their development while invigorating their activities. This research takes an internet-based platform company Meituan as example to explore the effect arising from "coupon clipping" behavior in the development process of internet-based platform companies and also provides some development suggestions.


Coronavirus is a beta virus that has caused a worldwide pandemic since December 2019. Many treatments such as antiviral drugs, immunosuppressive drugs, neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies have been tested on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that most of them were effective. Given that nanotechnology-based approaches have been successful in detection and treatment of viral systems such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), they also seem to be effective in detecting and treating COVID-19. Nanotechnology is used in various methods for early and rapid diagnosis of the disease. Nanoparticles can be used in products for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID19. These substances are very effective in the controlled delivery of antiviral drugs and biomolecules and they are also used in the manufacture of personal safety equipment, widely, and the production of anti-virus coatings for surfaces, air filters and the production of vaccines. In general, nanomaterial can play an important role in controlling the disease, based on strategies to prevent the virus from entering the host cell, inhibiting virus replication, virus delivery systems, and nano-based vaccines. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary tool that can offer a variety of solutions based on disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies.


Already in his first reports on the new kind of radiation, RONTGEN (1895, 1897) described its diffusive reflection. His observations were confirmed by PUPIN (1896), who investigated the 'reflected' radiation with respect to the constitution and volume of the reflecting body, finding that light matter (wood, paper) reflected the roentgen radiation more strongly than heavy metals and that the intensity of 'reflected' radiation increased with the volume of the reflecting matter. As regards the quality of the 'reflected' (secondary) radiation, early investigations (SAGNAC 1897, 1898, 1901, TOWNSEND 1899) indicated this radiation to be 'softer', i.e. less penetrating, than the exciting (primary) radiation. BARKLA (1903, 1904) established the fact that secondary radiation from gases of light elements (air, etc.) is about as hard as the primary radiation, whereas radiation from metals may differ considerably in quality. The results for gases showed the 'reflection' in this case to follow accurately THOMSON'S theory for the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by matter (THOMSON 1906). Moreover, BARKLA (1908 a) classified the secondary radiation as either 'scattered' or 'homogeneous', the former kind originating in light elements and on irradiation with soft roentgen rays, the latter kind being emitted on irradiation of heavier elements with hard rays. The secondary radiation was found always to be softer than the exciting radiation, the quality difference being insignificant for soft radiation 'reflected' by light elements and increasing with the hardness of the radiation and the atomic weight of the 'reflecting' matter (BARKLA 1908 a, b).


PURPOSE
To evaluate the role of intrarectal EMLA, a new topical anesthetic cream, and lidocaine gel as local anesthesia during transrectal prostate biopsy and to observe whether gel temperature can improve pain control.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A series of 210 consecutive patients were randomized. Group 1 (N = 60) underwent intrarectal instillation of EMLA cream, group 2 (N = 50) 2.5% lidocaine gel, group 3 (N = 40) placebo, and group 4 (N = 60) no treatment. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were subdivided into subgroups according to instillation of warm or cooled gel. Pain control was assessed by a 10-point visual analog scale.

RESULTS
The median pain scores were 2.6 in group 1, 3.8 in group 2, 3.9 in group 3, and 3.6 in group 4. In 16 patients (7.6%), the procedure was suspended because of pain: none group 1, 6.0% in group 2, 10% in group 3, and 15% ing group 4. The temperature of the lidocaine gel did not affect tolerability.

CONCLUSION
Intrarectal instillation of EMLA cream is a simple, safe, and effective method of local anesthesia during transrectal prostate biopsy, superior to lidocaine gel, placebo, and no treatment.


In order to clarify an influence of the surface pretreatment condition on the residual stress field after laser local quenching, three kinds of surface pretreatment were applied to the steel specimens. In this study, the mirror-polished, matte-black-painted and mechanical-polished surfaces were prepared, and were heat-treated by two times laser irradiation. After quenching, the irradiation marks and hardened layers were observed. The irradiation mark on the mirrorpolished surface was insufficient. On the other hand, the hardened layers under the matte-black painted and mechanical-polished surfaces were formed enough. The residual stress fields of the latter two specimens were measured. As a result, surface pretreatment condition was found to make a big difference in both the 2θ-sinψ diagram and the residual stress field after laser quenching. Therefore, in order to investigate these causes, surface temperature histories during laser irradiation were monitored using a radiation thermometer. From these results, it was clarified that the difference of the first heat-treatment temperature directly affects the presence or absence of residual stress gradient and the depth of hardened layer under the laser-irradiated surface. Finally, adequate surfaces for the steel parts before laser local quenching could be proposed. Introduction Laser local quenching [1] is very useful technique to improve the surface strengths of the local area, such as hardness, fatigue and fracture strengths, of steel parts having a complicated shape. The strengthening effect due to laser quenching depends directly on the hardness and compressive residual stress distributions near the quenched surface. However an influence that laser and surface pretreatment conditions give to intensities of hardness and compressive residual stress field is not sufficiently clear. In this study, the surface pretreatment condition is thought to give a maximum influence on the improved surface strength after quenching. Three kinds of pretreatment having different heat-absorptivity were applied to the surface of the steel specimens. These pretreated specimens were heat-treated by two times laser irradiation. After second laser irradiation, the residual stress field of each specimen was measured experimentally using x-ray stress measurement. An influence of surface pretreatment condition on the residual stress field and the hardness distribution under the quenched surface were examined. Experimental Procedure Materials and Specimens. The initial material was a carbon steel with 0.45 mass% C, 0.21 mass% Si, and 0.81 mass % Mn. At first, the material was normalized twice from 900°C in air, and was quenched from 870°C in oil at 80°C. Before laser quenching, the material was changed from martensite to fine pearlite by tempering from 550°C in air. The plate specimens with a Residual Stresses 2018 – ECRS-10 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 6 (2018) 177-182 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-28 178 width of 25mm and a thickness of 10mm was used. In this study, three kinds of different surfaces were prepared. One is mirror-polished surface. Another is matte-black-painted surface with soluble acrylic resin. The other is mechanical-polished surface with #600 sandpaper. Laser Local Quenching. These specimens were heat-treated in air by two times laser irradiation as shown in Fig. 1. Each laser irradiation was conducted at a laser power, PL = 1kW, on the local area of the pretreated surface using a semiconductor laser processing machine with a direct diode laser (L1, Enshu Ltd., Japan). In experiment, a rectangular laser beam about WL = 3.9mm and WT = 8.8mm was used. An incident angle, δ, and a scanning speed, VF, were 15 or 45 degrees and 1.0 m/min, respectively. By scanning the laser beam, the local area was heated and quenched immediately by self-cooling. After first laser irradiation, the laser beam was returned to the starting point. The local area was heated and quenched again by second laser irradiation. X-ray Stress Measurement. After second laser irradiation, the 2θ-sinψ diagrams were measured experimentally from the irradiation mark using an x-ray stress measurement equipment with Ωgoniometer (MSF-2M-PSPC, Rigaku Co. Ltd., Japan). Residual stress field of each specimen was estimated from the 2θ-sinψ diagrams at several φ-angles, as shown in Fig.2. Table 1 summarizes x-ray stress measurement condition. In this study, the diffraction from 211 plane of martensite by Cr-Kα radiation was used. The x-ray Young's modulus, EX, and Poisson's ratio, νX, of 211 plane of martensite were 186GPa and 0.30, respectively [2]. The existences of ψsplitting phenomenon and stress gradients near the quenched surface were examined from the 2θsinψ diagrams. Results and Discussion Irradiation Mark of Laser Beam and Hardened Layer Formed near the Surface. Figures 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) show images of the irradiation mark of the laser beam formed on the different surfaces. On the mirror-polished surface, the irradiation mark at δ=45deg resembles a teardrop shape. The hardened layer below the teardrop area was insufficient because the incident laser beam scattered on the mirror surface and the heat-treatment temperature near the surface did not rise to austenite phase. On the other hand, other irradiation mark shapes are rectangular, and are larger than that of the mirror polished surface at δ=45deg. Therefore, matteblack painting and mechanical polishing were more adequate pretreatments than mirror Table 1 X-ray stress measurement condition for laser local quenching. Fig.2 Laboratory and sample coordinate systems, Li and Si, and ψ and φ-angles. Fig.1 Local area heating and quenching by scanning a semiconductor laser beam. Residual Stresses 2018 – ECRS-10 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 6 (2018) 177-182 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-28 179 polishing, because the laser quenched mark was stable even though the incidence angle of laser beam changed. Next, using a wire-electrical discharge machine, the matte-black-painted and mechanical-polished specimens after second laser irradiation were cut to observe the hardened layer. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show the cross-sectional micrographs of two different pretreated specimens. At first, the hardened layer of the matte-black-painted specimen was found to be deeper than that of the mechanical–polished specimen. Furthermore, the depth of hardened layer at δ=15deg was found to be deeper than that at δ=45deg. Therefore, two kinds of pretreated specimen quenched at δ=15deg were picked up. X-ray stress measurements were carried out on the two quenched marks at the next step. Typical 2θ-sinψ diagrams after Laser Quenching. Figures 5(a) and 5(b) show the typical 2θsinψ diagrams at δ=15deg from the matte-black-painted and mechanical-polished specimens, respectively. In each figure, the first, second, third and fourth figures from the left show the results for ±ψ at φ=0, π/4, π/2 and 3π/4, respectively. These four pair figures were used to judge the existences of ψ-splitting phenomenon and stress gradient. In the case of the matte-black-painted specimen as shown in Fig. 5(a), each pair figure almost overlaps, and the overlapped 2θ-sinψ diagram exhibits a convex upward quadratic function. On the other hand, in the case of the mechanical-polished specimen as shown in Fig. 5(b), each pair figure almost overlaps too, but the overlapped 2θ-sinψ diagram exhibits a linear function. Therefore, the ψ-splitting could not be observed in all 2θ-sinψ diagrams. After two times laser quenching, the matte-blackpainted specimen was found to have a stress gradient below the quenched mark, while mechanicalpolished specimen did not have a stress gradient. Estimation of Residual Stress Fields after Laser Quenching. The residual stress field near the quenched mark of the matte-black-painted specimen was first estimated from four pair figures 5(a). In this case, the biaxial principal compressive residual stresses were thought to be generated near the quenched surface and to have constant stress gradients because these 2θ-sinψ diagrams could be approximated as quadratic functions. In this study, three residual stress components, normal stresses, σ11(z), σ22(z) and shear stress, σ12(z), near the local quenched surface were defined as, (a) On the mirror-polished surface (a) Near the matte-black-painted surface (b) On the matte-black-painted surface (c) On the mechanical-polished surface Fig.3 Photographs of irradiation mark of laser beam formed on the surfaces. (b) Near the mechanical-polished surface Fig.4 Cross-sectional micrographs of hardened layer below the irradiation marks. Residual Stresses 2018 – ECRS-10 Materials Research Forum LLC Materials Research Proceedings 6 (2018) 177-182 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781945291890-28


A continuous linear operator $T:E \to F$ is called strictly singular if it cannot be invertible on any infinite dimensional closed subspace of its domain. In this note we discuss sufficient conditions and consequences of the phenomenon $LB(E,F)=L_s(E,F)$, which means that every continuous linear bounded operator defined on $E$ into $F$ is strictly singular.


An absorbent article comprising a material odor control, said decontrol malodor material, at least one cyclodextrin inclusion complex with an organic compound sedispersa in a matrix comprising a polysiloxane oil comprising.


In order to extend the short-term wave records, the statistical correlation model of wave heights between two close wave stations is investigated and established by using the Markov Chain theory. The field wave data from the obsolescent Kuokwang oil platform, which locates at the middle of the Taiwan Straits and the operational Hsinchu data buoy station, which locates at a distance of 25 km eastern from the platform are analysed in this study. As a comparison result, the Markov Chain wave height correlation model has lower uncertainty results than the traditional regression model. The estimated errors are highly dependent on the wave height and wave category. For the interested high wave height, the error is less than 20 %.


Crop residue removal may degrade soils and their productivity. However, soil properties may not respond linearly to increasing levels of crop residue removal, suggesting an additional influence on soil properties beyond residue quantity. Mechanical operations during harvesting of grain and/or residues can influence the size distribution of residues remaining on the soil surface. Crop residue size distribution may be an important factor in moderating C and N dynamics in systems where crop residue is mechanically harvested. In an article recently published in Agricultural & Environmental Letters, researchers report on the potential for corn residue particle size to influence microbial respiration and to produce persistent changes in soil C and N dynamics.


This paper studies the use that authors of different times do of a verse of Ovid's Metamorphoses . In this use a variant takes place that leads to believe there has been a mistake in the manuscript's transmission and that justifies the reading that does of him Garcilaso de la Vega in his second eclogue. It is a reading that the Brocense already proposes to correct but that must be left as Carlos Amoros edited it because it is a work of the own author.


Detailed studies of the spectral characteristics and spatial mode structure of a single-mode, high-power Raman free-electron maser (FEM) oscillator operating with a Bragg resonator are reported. The FEM oscillator generated approximately 1 MW of microwave power in a single axial mode at 27.47 GHz, with an electron beam energy of 320 keV and a transmitted current of 30 A, yielding an efficiency of 10.3%, in good agreement with nonlinear simulations. These results indicate that a Raman free-electron maser can operate at high power and efficiency with stable single-mode output in the long pulse (equilibrium) regime.


A 23-year-old woman presented with diarrhea, flaccid quadriparesis, a low serum potassium level, and an elevated creatine kinase level. A stool culture yielded Yersinia enterocolitica, and a muscle biopsy was compatible with a hypokalemic myopathy. The patient's diarrhea responded to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim therapy. We suggest that Y enterocolitica be added to the group of intestinal pathogens capable of producing hypokalemia and rhabdomyolysis.


: The work is devoted to the substantiation of the operational method for verifying the rheological characteristics of mixtures for 3D-build printing. To evaluate them, we used the squeezing and penetrometric tests, which were used to evaluate the structural strength, plastic strength, penetration resistance strength (plastic strength value) of viscous-plastic mixtures. The studies were carried out on cement mixtures of various component compositions, differing in the type and granu-lometry of the filler and the type of viscosity modifiers. A quantitative assessment of the criterion rheological properties of the 3D-printable mixtures revealed a high measure of the correlation inter-relation between the structural strength, plastic strength, determined by squeezing test, and plastic strength value, determined by the penetrometric method. Regardless of the characteristics of the component composition of the mixtures, the correlation coefficient between these indicators is in the range of 0.85-0.95, which corresponds to the presence of a functional relationship between them. The value of the plastic strength value can be recognized as a complex characteristic of the visco-plastic properties of the 3D-printable mixture, and the penetrometric test is proposed as an operational express control method.


Mobile devices have become an important tool in higher education. Although mobile devices have several benefits for students, the use of these devices is still very limited among students. This low percentage of usage could be attributed to several reasons, both technical and non-technical. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more research in order to understand the necessary factors that would lead to enhanced student usage, thus achieving sustainable mobile learning. In order to achieve that, our study proposes a model by employing the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to investigate the necessary factors that influence intention to use mobile learning among university students. To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze data collected from 612 students. The results indicated that factors, such as device connectivity, device compatibility, device memory, device performance, network coverage, and network speed have a significant and positive influence on students' intention to use mobile learning. This research provides important recommendations for university decision makers and developers on understanding the necessary factors for adopting mobile learning and reflect the students' requirements.


In this study, wet air oxidation of pharmaceutical sludge was investigated through a pilot-scale reaction system. Oxygen gas was used as oxidant. The effects of reaction parameters on the process performance were discussed, such as temperature, reaction time, and oxygen supply. The results showed that the volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal rates were above 90%, and the total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates were above 60%, which indicated that wet air oxidation is an ideal process for the degradation of pharmaceutical sludge.


KILLING THE BLACK BODY: RACE, REPRODUCTION, AND THE MEANING OF LIBERTY. By Dorothy Roberts. New York, New York: Pantheon Books, 1997. Pp. 373. $26.00. I. In her new and provocative book, Dorothy Roberts collects stories. There are many, but here are two notable ones. The first involves an African woman and her husband. They live in Italy. A few years ago, in order to obtain assistance in becoming pregnant and carrying a child to term, the couple went to an Italian clinic that specializes in ultramodern reproductive technologies. The clinic helped the couple by providing them with a donor egg and then fertilizing the donated egg with sperm from the couple. The resulting fertilized egg was then implanted into the African woman's womb. There would seem to be nothing especially remarkable about this particular "miracle baby." After all, the first such birth occurred about twenty years ago, and there have been thousands since. Nonetheless, this particular birth received national media attention. Why? The reason is that the African woman from Italy gave birth to a white child. The child is considered white because both the woman who donated the egg and the African woman's husband are white. The African woman, as the gestational mother, provided no genetic material to the child she bore. The couple, it turns out, deliberately chose the race of the child because they believed that their child "would have a better future if it were white." Although most parents who utilize in-vitro fertilization deliberately choose the race of their children, those choices do not cause fanfare of any kind. So why did this particular birth cause a stir? To answer this question, Dorothy Roberts tells a second story. This story takes place in the United States under far different circumstances. In an attempt to pressure pregnant drug users into treatment, law enforcement officials from Charleston, South Carolina, in collaboration with the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), instituted a policy of prosecuting pregnant women if their babies tested positive for illegal drugs. Forty-two South Carolinian mothers were arrested under the policy between 1989 and 1994. All but one of them were Black, and the one nonBlack in the group had a Black boyfriend (a fact noted by the nurse in charge of the program). Some of the women were arrested within hours of having given birth. They were taken to jail in handcuffs and leg shackles, still bleeding from delivery. In her new book, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty, Dorothy Roberts argues that these stories share a common element. She claims that these stories provide the basis for the case that "the meaning of reproductive liberty must take into account its relationship to racial oppression."1 Roberts says "books on racial justice tend to neglect the subject of reproductive rights; and books on reproductive freedom tend to neglect the issue of race."2 Because of these gaps, we cannot begin to understand the uproar over a Black woman and her white husband deliberately choosing to carry and give birth to a white child or the impetus behind a program such as the one implemented in South Carolina. To fully understand these stories we must consider an analysis such as the one that Roberts provides us. In seven compelling and fascinating chapters, Roberts traces her argument. Although much of the book's content has appeared elsewhere in the form of law review articles,3 the organization of the book is fresh, and the style is inviting to even the non legally-trained reader. The material in the book proceeds chronologically. The first chapter, entitled "Reproduction in Bondage," considers the numerous and brutal methods that were used and supported by law to constrain and limit the reproductive autonomy of Black women who were slaves. Roberts demonstrates powerfully how Black women were forced to become "breeders" of additional slaves-their own children. …


Recently, the world has been changing rapidly from the stand point of major changes in demographic society, environmental attitudes and judgements concerning the worth of things.In this context, we companies must develop appropriate new cosmetic products using new materials and technology. Those new products should be made so as to be acceptable to consumer and market. Thus, developers need ways of measuring the potential of new products and wide technology.In this paper, a case study is presented describing developing processes with respect to a new make-up Foundation we have formulated.


A method is developed to investigate the behaviour of a liquid under the action of a very high shearing force using computer simulated molecular dynamics. Values for the viscosity are calculated but these require more extensive computation for statistical accuracy. A short calculation is, however, sufficient to establish the nature of the processes involved, and to plot the velocity distribution curve; these graphs are presented. The method abandons the usual homogeneous isotropic cyclic conditions used so far in calculation of transport coefficients and can be applied to arbitrarily large shear.


Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Alloy TiAl with LI_o structure has been of interest for its low density, high strength, corrosion and oxidation resistance, especially the anomalous yield strength dependent on temperature. However, its embrittlement at room temperature limits its application. Despite that manifold origins affect brittleness of some alloys, especially intermetallic compounds, it is


The direct collocation method for solving optimal finite-thrust spacecraft trajectory problems involves the use of a discrete approximation to the original dynamics differential functions.In this paper,dynamics differential functions in Spherical coordinates are used for maximum thrust arcs,and Gaussian functions for coast arcs.A technique for changing the discretization in both kinds of arcs to improve the accuracy of the approximation is described.When compared with the standard method,the dual-model direct collocation method has the advantage of higher solution accuracy with minimal additional computational effort.A rendezvous trajectory optimization problem for a finite-thrust spacecraft is used to demonstrate the benefits of using such a method.


The thermodynamic characteristics of reactions and gas equilibrium composition were calculated for reduction process of Cr 2 O 3 and MgCr 2 O 4 oxides by carbon- and hydrogen-containing gaseous reducing agents. It is found that the carbon- and hydrogen-containing radicals are showing increased reducing ability compared to molecular CO and H 2 .


Densitometric curves derived from the shadow of vessels in angiograms made by multiple photocells were used to yield the cross-sectional area curve along the lumen. The validity and accuracy of the system were tested by using vascular models with a known degree of narrowing of the lumen. The cross-sectional area curves of these tested models, as plotted by the system, revealed a degree of narrowing of the lumen which correlated well with the measured narrowing. This correlation between the values derived from the analysis of angiograms and the values of the real measured reduction of the lumen of the vascular


New 2,5-di-(1,3,4-thiadiazole) derivatives of thiophene are prepared .reaction of 2,5thiophene dicarboxylic acid with excess thionyl chloride formed compound (1),then treatment with hydrazine gives thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazine (2).A number of prepared arylisothiocyanate was reacted with compound (2) leads to form thiosemicarbazide derivatives (3),(4) and (5) .The last compounds are addition to Conc.sulfuric acid at 0C o with continues stirring so as to form 2,5-di-(1,3,4-thiadiazole) derivatives (6),(7) and (8) .The course of the reactions as well as the purity of products were monitored by means of T.L.C. Identification of products were achieved by elemental analysis) C.H.N), IR spectroscopy and 1 HN.M.R.


4680 Background: Imaging of relapses and metastases in prostate cancer is an open field in nuclear medicine and radiological examinations.Traditional FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) PET is poorly sensitiv...


Individuals with a preference for keeping moral obligations may dislike learning that voluntary contributions are socially valuable: Such informa- tion can trigger unpleasant feelings of cognitive dissonance. I show that if initial beliefs about the social value of contributions are sufficiently low, duty-oriented consumers are willing to pay to avoid information. Attitude campaigns can increase contributions from such consumers by providing them with unwanted information. Consequentialist warm glow types with low initial beliefs, however, will seek low-cost information on their own initiative; thus, campaigns will have less effects for such consumers.


Contemporary debate on gender equality in Zimbabwe observes that most African women today continue to have little space, power, respect and occupy comparatively lower positions in the social, economic, religious and political spheres. Blame is placed on African tradition which is believed and is usually shown to work to the detriment of women. In the Midlands Province, women that are in gainful employment are seen and considered in negative terms as, not-good-enough for the posts they hold, poor managers and decision-makers, gaining promotion through granting sexual favours to men, among others. Most of the respondents blamed such negative perceptions on Shona culture which they say has always worked to women's disadvantage since time immemorial. Using the Africana Womanist and Afrocentricity theories, this paper observes that indigenous Shona people's tradition is largely blamed for what is not, and was never its way of doing things. Rather, it contends that due to the fact that the Shona of Zimbabwe were under colonial domination for nearly a century, there are higher chances that people no longer have a clear sense of what really was their own way of doing things and how different it was from that which was born out of colonisation.


The epistemic modals possible, probable, likely, and certain require a semantics which explains their behavior both as modal operators and as gradable adjectives. An analysis of these items in terms of Kennedy & McNally's theory of gradability suggests that they are associated with a single, fully closed scale of possibility. An implementation using the standard theory of modality due to Kratzer is shown to make incorrect predictions in several domains. However, if the scale of possibility is identified with standard numerical probability, the facts about gradability are explained and the undesirable predictions of Kratzer's theory are avoided.


Male: Yellow, subshining. Frons parallel-sided, a little less than twice as wide as either eye; frontal triangle not occupying whole width of vertex, glossy, reaching in a narrow line to the anterior margin of frons, sides concave, a large black spot mid way between ocelli and anterior margin, ocellar region brown; surface hairs black, long and fine; post-vertical pair of bristles erect; head in profile elongate, frons projecting over one-third the length of eye, face receding much as in Ectecephala; face and cheeks whitish yellow, height of latter equal to over one-half the breadth of third antennal joint; antenn0e of good size, situated on almost apex of projecting frons, yellow, basal joints browned, third blackened above and at apex, third joint about one and one-half times as long as broad, upper surface at apex distinctly less rounded than lower; arista white, yellow at base, covered thickly with white hairs which give it the appearance of being thickened, length of arista equal to one and one-half tomes that of antenna; proboscis and palpi pale yellow, the former rather large and the apical portion folded back below the basal; eyes about one and one-half times as long as high, bare. Mesonotum with faint indications of three, almost confluent, reddish yellow stripes, the lateral margin of the outer stripe on either side brown, surface hairs dark, short; pleurm immaculate, highly glossy; scutellum flattened, the surface roughened slightly and with numerous short, black hairs, apical long bristles and a number of short ones on margin. Anterior margin of abdominal segments brown; hypopygium glossy, prominent, with a projecting ventral process. Legs slender, only the last joint of tarsi, and claws black. Wings clear, veins brown; all veins distinct, only the apex of fourth slightly less distinct than the others; cross veins separated by almost as far as length of last section of fifth vein; third vein slightly upward bent at apex; third costal section two-thirds as long as second; veins 3 and 4 distinctly divergent; outer cross veia but little longer than inner, the cell enclosed by it, therefore very narrow. Halteres pale yellow. Length: 3.5 mm. Type: Cat. No. 15968, U. S. N. M. Locality: Chester County, Pennsylvania, luly , 1893. No collector's name on specimen.


Taking φ210 mm round billet M-EMS as study subject,a mathematical model coupling electromagnetic field,flow field and temperature field was established by finite element analysis software ANSYS.The distribution law of magnetic induction and electromagnetic force in the mold was investigated;the effects of current intensity and frequency on magnetic induction,electromagnetic force,flow and temperature field were studied.The results show that the values of magnetic induction and electromagnetic force reach its maximum near the edge of billet and become smaller towards the center;in the mold with EMS,the rotary flow is generated,and the flow pattern are upper recirculation zone,rotary zone and down recirculation zone,the location of hot area is moved up compared with the condition without EMS;in the considered parameters range,the electromagnetic force and velocity of molten steel increase with the rise of current intensity and frequency.The application effect with stirring parameters of 180A and 4Hz is better according to industrial tests.


1. We performed both a large- and a small-scale echo sounding study on the spatial and temporal distribution of fish (mainly roach, Rutilus rutilus and perch, Perca fluviatlis), as well as a small-scale study of zooplankton distribution in the small, shallow and eutrophic Lake Hanebjerg in Denmark. In the small-scale study, sampling was conducted in open water as well as in the edge zone immediately outside two different types of vegetation. 2. Fish daytime abundances differed between the northern and the southern parts of the lake and, on a small scale, small fish aggregated in the edge zones during day, preferably outside dense emergent vegetation. Copepods avoided emergent vegetation, while cladocerans showed no habitat preference. Both small fish and cladoceran numbers were found to be higher during night than day. 3. The relative abundance (number per sample) of cladocerans in the edge zone immediately outside vegetation was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of fish in that zone. There was no correlation between cladoceran and fish abundance in open water, or between the relative abundance of copepods and fish. 4. The presence of pelagic piscivores in combination with avoidance behaviour of both fish and zooplankton is a likely explanation for the observed distribution of small fish and cladocerans in Lake Hanebjerg. Both small- and large-scale distribution patterns may be dependent on the type and distribution of complex structure in the lake. Even in a small lake, large-scale patterns may affect the interpretation of small-scale data. (Less)


We introduce Salmon, a new method for quantifying transcript abundance from RNA-seq reads that is highly-accurate and very fast. Salmon is the first transcriptome-wide quantifier to model and correct for fragment GC content bias, which we demonstrate substantially improves the accuracy of abundance estimates and the reliability of subsequent differential expression analysis compared to existing methods that do not account for these biases. Salmon achieves its speed and accuracy by combining a new dual-phase parallel inference algorithm and feature-rich bias models with an ultra-fast read mapping procedure. These innovations yield both exceptional accuracy and order-of-magnitude speed benefits over alignment-based methods.


Objective: To evaluate the outcomes associated with the use of inhaled nitric oxide during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Design: Post hoc analysis of data from an existing administrative national database, Pediatric Health Information system (2004–2014). Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to study the effect of inhaled nitric oxide during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on study outcomes. Setting: Forty-two children's hospitals across the United States. Patients: Patients in the age group from 1 day through 18 years admitted to an ICU who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during their hospital stay were included. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: In total, 6,419 patients qualified for inclusion. Of these, inhaled nitric oxide was used among 3,629 patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run. Approximately one half of the study patients received inhaled nitric oxide at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation. The proportion of patients receiving inhaled nitric oxide during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decreased with increasing duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After adjusting for patient characteristics and center variables, use of inhaled nitric oxide was not associated with any survival benefit. However, higher proportion of patients receiving inhaled nitric oxide were associated with prolonged hospital length of stay and prolonged duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In adjusted models, the hospital charges were higher in the inhaled nitric oxide group. The median hospital costs among patients receiving inhaled nitric oxide were higher by $39,732 (95% CI, $31,074–48,390) as compared to the patients who did not receive inhaled nitric oxide, after adjusting for patient (including hospital length of stay) and center level variables. As the duration of inhaled nitric oxide therapy increased, proportion of patients with prolonged duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and prolonged hospital length of stay increased. Conclusions: This large observational analysis of use of nitric oxide during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation calls into question the benefits of inhaled nitric oxide among patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pulmonary or cardiac failure. Given our inability to determine type of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and control for severity of illness, these findings should be interpreted as exploratory.


As 2001 was the International Year of the Volunteer as it seemed timely to look at the legal, social and political frameworks which provide for the long term growth of volunteers. The focus of this research is on the nature and extent of volunteers in the Queensland State Government. The social capital debate (expanded by Robert Putnam in 1995) is about citizens' participation in extracurricular activities and has been extended to mean a collective intelligence – a capacity as a people to create the society we want. The volunteer phenomenon has been used to indicate social and ethical concern.


Visual loss following blepharoplasty is rare in occurrence and even more rare in medical literature. A case involving a 57-year-old woman with blepharoplasty apparently secondary to intraorbital hemorrhage is reported. The signs and symptoms along with a possible mechanism of injury and modes of therapy are discussed. Awareness of the potential severity of intraorbital hemorrhage with prompt recognition and institution of decisive therapy should result in fairly rapid and complete visual recovery.


This review provides insight into the ignition, combustion, smoke, toxicity, and fire-retardant performance of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. This review also covers various additive and reactive fire-retardant approaches adopted to render polyurethane foams fire-retardant. Literature sources are mostly technical publications, patents, and books published since 1961. It has been found by different workers that polyurethane foams are easily ignitable and highly flammable, support combustion, and burn quite rapidly. They are therefore required to be fire-retardant for different applications. Polyurethane foams during combustion produce a large quantity of vision-obscuring smoke. The toxicity of the combustion products is much higher than that of many other manmade polymers because of the high concentrations of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Polyurethane foams have been rendered fire-retardant by the incorporation of phosphorus-containing compounds, halogen-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing additives, silicone-containing products, and miscellaneous organic and inorganic additives. Some heat-resistant groups such as carbodiimide-, isocyanurate-, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles formed with polyurethane foams also render urethane foams fire-retardant. Fire-retardant additives reduce the flammability, smoke level, and toxicity of polyurethane foams with some degradation in other characteristics. It can be concluded that despite many significant attempts, no commercial solution to the fire retardancy of polyurethane foams without some loss of physical and mechanical properties is available. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


Over the past 25 years many coherent laser radar systems have been developed and applied to a variety of problems, including military systems to image solid objects and map their velocities. This paper addresses primarily civilian applications of coherent lidar systems for observations of the atmosphere.<<ETX>>


Background: On January 23, 2020, outbound travel was banned from Wuhan, China, where the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak originated. Initial estimates of the basic epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 could be severely biased by delayed diagnosis and the complex effects of the travel ban on available data. Methods: We obtained information on the 50 cases of COVID-19 who left Wuhan before the travel ban and were subsequently diagnosed in Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Macau, Singapore, and Taiwan. Most cases have detailed travel history. We used this data to informatively simulate infection times using a previously reported incubation interval. We then fitted an exponential growth model to the distribution of the infection time adjusting for the January 23 travel ban. We assumed that the travel rate to the international destinations is constant before January 23. We used a Bayesian analysis with diffuse priors to quantify the sampling uncertainty. Results: We found that the epidemic was doubling in size every 2.8 days (95% credible interval [CrI], 2.0 days—4.0 days). Using a mean serial interval of 7.5 days, we estimated the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 at 5.7 (95% CrI, 3.4—9.3). Our estimates did not change substantially in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Our results indicate that COVID-19 could have been spreading much faster than initial estimates.


Five cover-plate and five flange-plate single-sided steel moment-resisting beam-column assemblies were tested at full scale. Grade 50 steel was used for the W14 × 176 columns, the W30 × 99 beams, and all reinforcing plates. The procedures of FEMA 267A were used to design and detail the connections that included rectangular-, trapezoidal-, and swallowtail-shaped reinforcing plates. Cyclic and near-field loading histories were used to test the connections. None of the ten connections failed in a brittle manner; the strength of each connection degraded slowly due to local buckling of the beam web and flanges. The maximum beam plastic hinge rotations ranged between 2.3 and 3.9% rad. The cover-plate and flange-plate connections performed equally well but neither connection was subjected to large plastic strains at the face of the column. The performance of the tested plate-reinforced connections was best when rectangular reinforcing plates and three-sided fillet welds joining the reinforcing plate to the beam flange were used. Bracing of the beam bottom flange outside the plastic hinge zone to delay lateral-torsional buckling did not produce any significant improvement in connection hysteresis. Increased beam web compactness (smaller height to thickness) delayed the loss of strength and stiffness in the beam-column connection.


Pollen fertility,pollen/ovule ratio,pollen viability and longevity,and pollen histochemistry of Elaeagnus angustifolia were determined in the Linze Inland River Research Station in the middle reaches of Heihe River in Northwest China.The pollen of E.angustifolia is of starch type.The pollen viability is higher than 90% within the 6 hours after anthesis on sunny days and lower than 3% at the beginning of anthesis in rainy days.No difference in the pollen production of single flowers is found between different flower morphes(three or four petals).The pollen/ovule ratios of the two morph flowers are 15 250±1 497,14 143±1 438,respectively.


This article presents a Stata module to enable fixing the value of the correlation between the unobservables in Heckman models. These commands can solve two practical issues. First, for situations in which a valid exclusion restriction is not available, these commands enable exploring how the results could be affected by sample-selection bias. Second, stepping through values of this correlation can verify whether the global maximum of the likelihood function has been found. We provide several Stata commands to estimate these and related models with a fixed value of the correlation between the unobservables. These commands are available on the Boston College Statistical Software Components (SSC) archive and can be installed by typing ssc install fixedrho in Stata.


Low-wage employment is a major factor of household poverty in Portugal. There are also evidence of job opportunity differences and wage discrimination against women, which account for higher probabilities of low-wage employment and fewer chances for out of low-wage employment trajectories. This paper explores gender differentials in mainland Portugal and its North Region, using secondary analysis of statistic information about men and women in labour market and microdata about wages and other characteristics of individual workers. Particular attention is payed to the spatial evolution of low-wage employment structure and low-wage differentials in recent years, in order to investigate explanatory variables other then education and skill levels, such as economic sector, firm size and firm location.


Two years ago the Department of Systematic Theology and Ethics of the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago submitted for a faculty discussion a proposal for a reform of the curriculum. Circumstances had it that the proposal did not gain momentum. The reasons for that were many, and the time of opportunity is rio longer retrievable. The reflections I offer here are neither an attempt at reinstating that discussion, nor do I presume to be speaking in the name of the department in what follows. I would like to offer instead my own interpretation of what occasioned that reflection and some of the implications I see flowing out of the submitted proposal. If it did not seize the opportunity when it was first discussed and thus lost its relevance, the circumstances that occasioned its appearance are still very much on the agenda. The proposal grew out of a sense of inadequacy of the present model of theological education and called for a profound redesigning of the curriculum. It grew out of two presuppositions: the affirmation of our vocation as interpreters of the gospel, and the recognition of the circumstances that condition and shape what we do. The proposal itself called for a revamping of the whole curriculum with structural implications for the organizational chart of the whole school. Most importantly, it was a proposal that suggested the abolition of the departments and divisions and, by consequence, of the disciplinary organization of theology. Instead of the traditional disciplines it proposed four thematic fields that would cross the various disciplines with roughly one quarter of the curriculum being dedicated to each field. A catechetical field would concentrate in the Christian heritage, from the Bible to the present, offering a sort of literacy program in the Christian and Lutheran traditions. A contextual field was conceived as an area of concentration designed to explore and probe the interface between the heritage and different cultural milieus in which the church is inserted. A constructive field would offer the opportunity for stu-


To measure temperatures by microbolometer-based infrared cameras one has to deal with disturbing radiation flux due to the ambient temperature derived from the interior of the camera enclosure. The standard approach determines this radiation flux by using an optical shutter occasionally and subtracting the derived correction signal from the measurement signal. Omitting mechanical parts like the optical shutter might lead to more constructive freedom which is needed for advanced miniaturization. For that reason, a different compensation method and thus calibration process has to be developed. This paper proposes novel approaches to overcome the influences of changing ambient temperatures and discusses the conditions aiming for a new method.


The problem of time information processing in the course of understanding sentence and text is one of the hot spots in psychological linguistics,and the theory of situation model has caused researchers concern on time dimension.Summarizing and regularizing the related theories of situation model,comprehending the primary technology model in mental processing of time information, and mastering the problems on this research field have positive significance on the development of time information processing.


The lack of traditional expert systems was analyzed.According to drilling experts' cognitive process in decision-making,an intelligent diagnosis and process system of drilling complex circs and accidents was developed by the technology of case-based reasoning.All kinds of accident's cases occurred in oil fields were collected.The system with self-study could realize the diagnosis and process for all kinds of accidents,and provided an intact knowledge handbook of preventing and process accidents,so it could offer decision-making support for drilling experts and technicians.The system's architecture,work flow and realization technology including case expression,organizing,searching were described.


Objective To discuss the monitor's abnormal conditions caused by patient factors.Methods The typical cases were analyzed based on the principle of multi-parameter monitor.Results The characteristics of the patient factors causing the abnormal conditions were summarized.Conclusion The abnormal conditions caused by patient factors are specific,which have to be conquered from the aspect of the principle of multi-parameter monitor.


Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent, disabling, and poorly managed in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). In these subjects, the presence and degree of cognitive dysfunction has been consistently associated with gray and white matter changes in the brain detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and especially with measures of whole brain and regional atrophy, currently interpreted as the best in vivo proxy for neurodegeneration.1 However, not all PwMS present with cognitive dysfunction, even those having comparable degrees of gray and white matter changes and atrophy; moreover, longitudinal studies have shown great inter-subject variability in the rate of progression of cognitive dysfunction.2 To explain this "clinicopathologic paradox," much attention has been drawn to other factors, namely the concept of reserve, that is, protection against clinical manifestations of neurological damage. Following extensive research in the field of degenerative dementia, there is now a growing body of evidence supporting brain reserve and, in particular, cognitive reserve also for mitigating the deleterious effects of MS pathology on cognition in PwMS.3,4


In this paper, we propose an exact shift-invariant filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm for triple-source saddle-curve cone-beam CT. In this imaging geometry, the sources are symmetrically positioned along a circle, and the trajectory of each x-ray source is a saddle. Then, we extend Yang's formula from the single-source case to the triple-source case. The saddles can be divided into four parts to specify four datasets. Each of them contains three data segments associated with different saddles. Then, images can be reconstructed on the planes orthogonal to the z-axis. Each plane intersects the trajectories at six pointes which can be used to define the filtering directions. With our triple-source approach, the scanning time is only one-third of that with the single-source saddle trajectory, and the reconstructed image quality is excellent in our numerical studies. These new features are important for cardiac imaging and small animal imaging.


BACKGROUND
Electrospun nanofibers could simulate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of the host bone, while minocycline (MINO) is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic which has been found to have multiple non-antibiotics biological effects that promotes osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVE
The present study aims at constructing a polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun nanofiber membrane loaded with MINO to enhance Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) adhesion and proliferation for early clinical treatment.

METHODS
The MINO-PLA membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and in vitro drug release study. The antibacterial ability was also investigated. In addition, in vitro cellular proliferation experiment was performed to verify whether the PLA electrospun nanofibers membrane loaded with MINO enhance BMSCs adhesion and proliferation.

RESULTS
Analyzing the drug release and cell growth results, it was found that only the effective concentration of MINO-PLA could help the growth of BMSCs in the short term. This is related to the drug release rate of MINO-PLA and the initial concentration of MINO.

CONCLUSION
This study shows that by controlling the concentration and release rate of MINO with electrospinning PLA, BMSCs could proliferate on it, and a new bone repair material had been made in this study.


The user experiments at J-PARC have just started. JPARC, which stands for Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, comprises a 400-MeV linac (at present: 180 MeV, being upgraded), a 3-GeV rapidcycling synchrotron (RCS), and a 50-GeV main ring (MR) synchrotron, which is now in operation at 30 GeV. The RCS will provide the muon-production target and the spallation-neutron-production target with a beam power of 1 MW (at present: 120 kW) at a repetition rate of 25 Hz. The muons and neutrons thus generated will be used in materials science, life science, and others, including industrial applications. The beams that are fast extracted from the MR generate neutrinos to be sent to the Super Kamiokande detector located 300-km west of the J-PARC site. The slowly extracted beams generate kaons for hypernuclei experements, kaon rare decay experiments, and so forth. This unique accelerator scheme and its usage scheme both originate from those of KEK-PS. It can be said that the J-PARC is an upgraded version of KEK-PS in both the beam energy and beam power. It is detailed how the world-class machine of J-PARC has been developed from KEK-PS.


In the year 2007 two seismic measuring campaigns were carried out in the research and teaching mine `Reiche Zeche' in Freiberg (Saxonia, Germany). 24 three-component geophones, developed by the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam (Germany), were deployed in small boreholes along two galleries, with geophone intervals of around 7.5 m. The maximum distance between source system and geophones was around 40 m. The seismic source system consists of two actuators, based on the magnetostrictive effect. The actuators are custom-made by ETREMA Products, Inc. (USA). For the two actuators an adaptive, real-time, closed loop control was used with a sweep signal of a bandwith ranging from 300 Hz up to 6 kHz. The Shover principle was applied for shear wave generation. During campaign 1 the source system was principally tested. The focus of campaign 2 was to test signal repeatability and compare different recording systems to optimize the source system. The Shover principle could not be successfully applied until yet.


Effects of the concentrations of H2S gas and H2S solution on weight changing,mechanical properties and volume expansion ratio of water swelling rubber(WSR)were investigated.The results showed that the tensile strength,elongation at break and volume expansion ratio of WSR markedly decrease after being corroded by both H2S gas and H2S solution of different concentrations,and the dropping degree became bigger with the increments of the concentration and corrosion time.However,when the corrosion time reached 20 d,the effects of the concentrations of H2S gas or H2S solution on the mechanical properties and volume expansion ratio of WSR don't have significant difference.In addition,the weight of WSR increased with time in H2S gas,whereas the weight of WSR reduced with time in H2S solution,but the mass loss rate increased first and then showed decreasing trends.


—Nowadays, sensor networks are widely used. To create new hardware for these networks, simulations are used. These simulations help during the design of the sensor nodes by providing information about internal states, power usage, and expected lifetime. They are useful to design one piece of hardware, however they are cumbersome when multiple of such hardware simulation instances need to interact with each other. This paper explores the possibility of starting multiple instances of a hardware simulation and connecting these via a simulation of the environment they will be used in.


A method of fishing using installations of the fish-park type, known collectively as acadjas, is common in the coastal lagoons of Dahomey. Acadjas are installed in shallow sheltered waters and are constructed of dense masses of branches planted in the muddy bottom. Two main types exist, small circular acadjavis and large rectangular avas, but these may be combined to give a variety of other forms. After construction the acadjas are left for varying periods before being fished. Many species of fish are found in the installations, but the majority of these are only casual invaders and most of the catch consists of 3 species only. The fish population appears initially to be derived from immigration, but after c. 2 months of implantation, increases exponentially by growth and reproduction. Acadjas that are fished after short periods of installation are therefore regarded as refuge traps, drawing fish from the surrounding environment, where those that are left longer before being fished, develop their own populations. The yield of the acadjas also increases logarithmically with increasing densities of branches planted. Properly managed acadjas may be regarded as a method of fish culture, which, because of the exceptional yields that can be attained, are a potential means of development for shallow mud bottomed waters such as the West African coastal lagoons.


The Ottoman railway network, considered the pride of that empire's modernizing impulses, was largely engineered by Germans. While it employed local builders and craftsmen, and advanced Ottoman goals of imperial consolidation and modernization, it also accelerated German influence in the region, and set the stage for an ambiguous form of colonialism. Historians of the Ottoman and German empires have examined the railway for its clear political and economic importance, while architectural histo...


It is widely believed that the Tikhonov-Cagniard model can be applied in the magnetotelluric method of exploration geophysics if the horizontal field changes are sufficiently slow. Actually, this is overly restrictive and may give rise to unjustified doubts about the validity of the Tikhonov-Cagniard model. This paper shows that the condition determining the applicability of the model is the linearity of the horizontal field changes, rather than the slowness of these changes. This considerably extends the sphere of practical applications of the Tikhonov-Cagniard model.


Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a topic of rising importance in the current human rights discussion. As multinational supply chains have a growing impact on people' lives, both in more dev ...


Results of an investigation concerning the effects of tempernture on the mechanical properties of Zircaloy-2 containing up to 7.5 wt % Nb and 3500 ppm O/ sub 2/ are presented. Data are included on strength and ductility at 25 to 850 deg C. (J.R.D.)


ABSTRACT In a recent article, van der Linden, Maibach, and Leiserowitz ([2019]. Exposure to Scientific Consensus Does Not Cause Psychological Reactance. Environmental Communication, 1–8) claim that exposure to a consensus message on climate change does not cause psychological reactance. In doing so, they provide a critique and "replication" of our recently published study which found evidence to the contrary (Ma, Dixon, & Hmielowski, 2019. Psychological Reactance From Reading Basic Facts on Climate Change: The Role of Prior Views and Political Identification. Environmental Communication, 13(1), 71–86). We address key shortcomings of their findings – the most significant of which is their study's lack of an appropriate control group and problematic measure for psychological reactance – while also responding to their specific critiques of our study. When accounting for these shortcomings, their findings resemble ours: climate change skeptics and Republicans strongly believe that a consensus message about climate change is manipulative. We find their emphatic statement that "exposure to scientific consensus does not cause psychological reactance" to be directly challenged by their own findings and impossible to test given their study's design.


We confirmed the first breeding record of the native Asian yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) in the Western Palearctic by genetic barcoding and morphometric analysis. In 2012 three small herons had been captured in Wadi Lahami at the western Red Sea coast of Egypt and these individuals had been tentatively determined as yellow bitterns. From blood samples of these birds we amplified and sequenced the barcoding marker (cytochrome-oxidase) and cytochrome-b and used sequences from own samples and further data inferred from GenBank for comparison. All three Egyptian specimens in question formed a monophyletic clade with sequences of I. sinensis and these were well separated from the sister species I. minutus in both phylogenetic reconstructions (p-distance, cytochrome-b: 9.6 %). A discriminant analysis based on six body-size parameters confirmed the assignment of these Egyptian specimens to I. sinensis. Along with this documentation we discuss phylogenetic relationships within Botaurinae and biogeographic aspects.


10.21276/sajb.2017.5.11.3 Abstract: AmpC βlactamases, which are often plasmid mediated, confer resistance to a wide variety of β-lactam and β-lactam inhibitor combinations. These are commonly detected phenotypically but the studies demonstrating their genotypic characterization are lacking. Hence, the present study was designed to determine the occurrence of plasmid mediated AmpC β-lactamase genes and their types among the clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Two hundred and fifty consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates of E.coli recovered over a period of one year (January 2014-December 2014) were screened for AmpC production by cefoxitin resistance. Boronic acid disc potentiation (DDST) and modified 3 dimensional tests (M3DT) were used for phenotypic detection of AmpC production. AmpC genotypes ACC, FOX, MOX, DHA, CIT and EBC were detected by multiplex PCR. Among the 250 isolates, 90 (36%) were found to be cefoxitin resistant. DDST test was positive in 27 (30%) while M3DT in 29 (32.2%) of cefoxitin resistance (90) strains. By PCR, the plasmid encoded AmpC genes were detected in 27.7% (25/90) isolates which gave an overall prevalence of 10% (25/250). The gene detected in all the isolates was CIT only. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was noticed among 24% (6/25) AmpC producing strains. A high percentage of plasmidencoded AmpC enzymes and MDR among them suggests plasmid mediated spread of drug resistance in E. coli in the present study. The exact detection of plasmid mediated AmpC βlactamases (PMABLs) by using genotypic tests along with the phenotypic tests would be helpful in rational antimicrobial therapy, epidemiology and infection control.


Summary We used artificial social stimulation (decoys, vocalization playbacks, and artificial nests) to initiate group displays in six (two females, four males) Caribbean Flamingos Phoenicopterus ruber ruber that had not successfully bred since their introduction to Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, in 1992. During a control period prior to the introduction of stimuli, flamingos exhibited no social displays or nest building activities. All flamingos were observed approaching the decoy area as a flock within four hrs of the decoys being introduced, and Head-Flagging displays were exhibited by two birds within the first 24 hrs. In a 12-hr watch conducted two-weeks post decoy introduction, there were significantly more group display behaviours, as well as nest-building, as compared with the control period and immediately after the introduction (3.6% as compared with 0% and 0.35%). Two individuals performed the majority of group displays (although at least one social display posture was observed for each bird) and three birds exhibited nest-building behaviour. Overall, individuals spent most of their time feeding and resting/sleeping (> 95%) during all observation periods. We show for the first time that decoys and vocalization playbacks could have a positive impact on breeding success in the wild by inducing group displays and nesting behaviours in this group of introduced flamingos. We suggest that social attraction techniques may be a useful tool to stimulate breeding in small captive and wild small populations of flamingos.


Depth information captured by affordable depth sensors is characterized by low spatial resolution, which limits potential applications. Several methods have recently been proposed for guided super-resolution of depth maps using convolutional neural networks to overcome this limitation. In a guided super-resolution scheme, high-resolution depth maps are inferred from low-resolution ones with the additional guidance of a corresponding high-resolution intensity image. However, these methods are still prone to texture copying issues due to improper guidance by the intensity image. We propose a multi-scale residual deep network for depth map super-resolution. A cascaded transformer module incorporates high-resolution structural information from the intensity image into the depth upsampling process. The proposed cascaded transformer module achieves linear complexity in image resolution, making it applicable to high-resolution images. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques for guided depth super-resolution.


Our goal in this chapter is to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and instructional effectiveness, in the context of the study of computer-based educational activities for children. In so doing, our hope is to illustrate the value of using computer-based learning as a laboratory for reviving classic issues in educational and social psychology and for examining those issues in a manner that highlights both their considerable theoretical significance and their immediate social importance. In the process, we wish to build upon the motivational analysis presented in the preceding chapter and raise, at this point, a set of conceptually related issues concerning the application of this analysis to the question of when computer-based techniques for enhancing intrinsic motivation will also increase, and when they may decrease, the effectiveness of the computer as an instructional medium.


Visually representing data such as blood pressure has often presented a challenge for health professionals. Do we treat blood pressure as a continuous or categorical variable when interpreting this type of data? When continuous data is depicted graphically, minute changes allow decision makers to identify positive or negative trends over time; categorical data on the other hand permits one to efficiently identify abnormal levels that facilitate prompt assignment of treatment. Although each type of graphic has its distinct uses, there has been no visual representation that simultaneously displays blood pressure's categorical and continuous nature. We have devised a bi-variate scatter-band plot to show categorical changes in parameters such as blood pressure, while still maintaining the integrity and the information density of the continuous variable. This graphic allows the user to observe the changes in the data through the scatterplot, while colored bands show the categorical nature of each data point. To utilize the method discussed here, users should have a basic understanding of PROC SGPLOT and access to SAS v9.3.


Mangrove leaf litter production is essential matter for organic recycling of productivity and baseline matter for living of mangrove organisms. Mangrove forest in Conservation Area for Mangrove and Bekantan (KKMB) Tarakan is one of Mangrove forest area which is not only for recreation but also ecological function of mangrove living organism's productivity. The aim of this research was to know the rate of mangrove leaf litter production and Nitrogen organic matter contribution in KKMB Tarakan. This research was conducted from October 2015 to January 2016. The average of mangrove leaf litter productivity were Avicennia alba 3.31 g/m 2 /day , Rhizopora apiculata 4.65 g/m 2 /day , Bruguiera parviflora 3.02 g/m 2 /day and Sonneratia alba 6.20 g/m 2 /day. The contribution of Nitrogen organic matter from mangrove leaf litter showed that were Avicennia alba 0.0987 g/m 2 /day , Rhizopora apiculata 0.0755 g/m 2 /day , Bruguiera parviflora 0.0977 g/m 2 /day and Sonneratia alba 0.3722 g/m 2 /day . Key words : litter productivity , litter decomposition, Nitrogen, KKMB


Objective—Electroencephalographic (EEG) neurofeedback training has been shown to produce plastic modulations in salience network and default mode network functional connectivity in healthy individuals. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of neurofeedback training aimed at the voluntary reduction of alpha rhythm (8–12 Hz) amplitude would be related to differences in EEG network oscillations, functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity, and subjective measures of state anxiety and arousal in a group of individuals with PTSD. Method—21 individuals with PTSD related to childhood abuse underwent 30 minutes of EEG neurofeedback training preceded and followed by a resting-state fMRI scan. Results—Alpha desynchronizing neurofeedback was associated with decreased alpha amplitude during training, followed by a significant increase ('rebound') in resting-state alpha synchronization. This rebound was linked to increased calmness, greater salience network connectivity with the right insula, and enhanced default mode network connectivity with bilateral posterior cingulate, right middle frontal gyrus, and left medial prefrontal cortex. Conclusion—Our study represents a first step in elucidating the potential neurobehavioral mechanisms mediating the effects of neurofeedback treatment on regulatory systems in PTSD. Moreover, it documents for the first time a spontaneous EEG 'rebound' after neurofeedback, pointing to homeostatic/compensatory mechanisms operating in the brain. Address correspondence to: Ruth A. Lanius, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, London Health Sciences Centre, 339 Windermere Rd., PO Box 5339, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada, Tel: (519) 663-3306, Fax: (519) 663-3202, email@example.com. *Both authors contributed equally. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Acta Psychiatr Scand. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 25. Published in final edited form as: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014 August ; 130(2): 123–136. doi:10.1111/acps.12229. A uhor M anscript


Objective:To investigate the value of laparoscopic operations for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic abscess.Methods:A series of 35 patients with pelvic abscess diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic technique from Feburary 1999 to December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Open surgery was required in 1 patient because of serious pelvic adhesions.No complications were observed.The diagnostic accordance rate before and after the laparoscopy was 72.9%(22/35),the duration of operation was 40~80 min(mean,51 min)and the postoperative hospital stay was 5~7 d(mean,5.1 d),postoperative pyrexia occurred in 7 patients,whose temperatures retuned to normal with 4 d.The blood routine examination results were restored to normal levels in all patient at 3 d after operation.No relapse occurred follow-up checkup for 6 months in all the patients.Fallopian tubes of 13 patients were unobstructed among 17 patients requesting for pregnancy,under fallopian tubes unobstructed at post-operative 1~3 months.7 patients had gestated until now.Conclusion:Early laparoscopic operations is benefit for higher diagnostic rate of pelvic abscess and for protection of procreative function,especially for un-procreation patients.


Beginning with learning collective dance, based on children body activities, the paper tried guiding children to make time and space inference in the hope of developing children's intelligence and psych under the precondition of ensuring children's acquiring aesthetic appreciation pleasure. The research helped improve the phenomenon of separation brains and body movements in dance-study. It also helped improve physical and mental situ ation harmoniously. So that dance education can actually shoulder the responsibility of improving health and enlightening mind.


Malays have a big hand in making Islam as the official religion practiced by people of Makassar since the century of 16th and 17th to the present. The role of the Malays in the pass on the teachings, values, norms of Islam among people of Makassar, which is brought and introduced Islam, develop and disseminate the teachings of Islam, to build a place of ritual worship of Islam, creating a feel of Islam in public life, and do acculturation rites of Islam with local culture.
Islam became one fastener strong spiritual connection between the Malays and the people of Makassar today. Finally, it can be concluded that people in coastal areas of the Kingdom of Makassar (Gowa danTallo) derived from the teachings of Islam Malay traders and Islamic scholars around the century of 16th and 17th. Then, Islam spread through the role of local community leaders, including King of Gowa XIV Sultan Alauddin, King of Tallo V Sultan Abdullah Awalul Islam, I Radeng Daeng Massikki Karaengta Ujungtanah ri, Sayyid Jalaluddin Al-Aidid, I Danda Kare Supa Karaeng Mase ri Laikang, I Bunrang Dalang Daeng Baso Nakku ri Cikoang, I Butusang Sufi Sumbawa. Through these figures, the teachings of Islam are taught from generation to generation until today in Makassar.


Every linguistic theory has dealt with language change in one way or another. Among others, generative syntax, under the Principles and Parameters Theory since Chomsky (1981), has attributed the linguistic typology to a set of parameters that are incidental to the universal grammar and whose values are to be fixed within four or five years after birth. Alongside, language changes have been assumed to be triggered by a change in the value of a relevant parameter, as Lightfoot (1991) argues. Such a parametric theory of language change is argued against by functional linguists such as Joan Bybee. Thus, Bybee (2015) argues that given a parametric change, any diachronic language change must have occurred abruptly in the grammar, which is in conflict with the actual tendency of language change:


With the double purpose of improving the theoretical description of ..pi..d observables and of obtaining information on the ..delta..N interaction parameters, we add to sets of amplitudes obtained from three-body calculations of ..pi..d scattering the contributions due to the short range ..delta..N interaction in the intermediate state. The full amplitudes are used to fit the experimental data on differential cross section and vector analyzing power at 142, 180, and 256 MeV pion kinetic energies, while the free ..delta..N parameters are determined, with attention given to possible resonant forms in the J-italic/sup P-italic/ = 2/sup +/, 3/sup -/, and 4/sup +/ states. Our results, for two independent sets of three-body amplitudes, show that the ..delta..N interaction in the /sup 5/S/sub 2/ and /sup 5/P/sub 3/ waves give very important additional contributions, with remarkable improvement in the description of the data. However, in the limited conditions of our experimentation, we cannot prove the existence of a clean resonant character in these interactions. The contributions of other ..delta..N low orbital angular momentum waves, such as /sup 3/S/sub 1/ and /sup 5/D/sub 4/, give additional improvements to the fittings, but we must be aware that quantitative conclusions about the corresponding ..delta..N parameters may bemore » affected by uncertainties in the background amplitudes.« less


The bacteriological pollution of water is a serious global environmental issue. The pollution of water by human and animal wastes can be a source of hazardous pathogens, which may pose serious health risks. In this study, we evaluated the microbiological water quality in the southern Ganghwado Bay area, South Korea. A total of 30 samples (14 discharge water samples from the drainage area and 16 sea water samples from the adjacent area) were analyzed for the concentrations of total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC) in November 2013. The highest concentration of FC (28,000 MPN/100 mL) was found at site L1 (inland). The highest mean concentrations of coliforms were found at sites W9 (sea water) and W11 (sea water), with TC and FC concentrations of 33 MPN/100 mL. In conclusion, site L1 located near W9 and W11 is clearly identified as the main source of pollution at Dongmak Beach.