The aim of this study was to compare the mRNA levels of hormone receptor for progesterone (PR), oestrogen α (ER-α), oestrogen β (ER-β), and oxytocin (OTR) in canine morulae and blastocysts. Ten healthy mature bitches were inseminated based on monitoring vaginal cytology and progesterone concentration. The first insemination was performed on Day 2 after the preovulatory LH surge (progesterone 4 ng mL–1), and the second was performed 48 h later. All females were submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OVH), and the oviduct as well the uterurs were flushed with PBS solution to obtain the embryos. The females were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 5), morulae were collected 8 days after the LH surge and Group B (n = 5), blastocysts were collected 12 days after the LH surge. The pools (n = 10) of embryos (5 embryos/pool) were stored in RNAlater® (Ambion, Life Technologies, USA) at –80°C. The samples were analysed together. The RNA later was removed used PBS calcium free and the total RNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen RNeasy micro-kit (Hildesheim, Germany). Before reverse-transcription (RT) reaction, the total RNA was treated with DNase I Amplification Grade (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The gene expression of target genes was assessed by real-time RT-qPCR, using SuperScript III for RT and power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, USA) for cDNA for PCR. The primers for target genes were designed using the software Primer Express® (Applied Biosystems, USA). The gene expression of target genes was normalized by HPRT gene and the relative abundance of mRNA was determined by the ΔΔct method corrected by amplification efficiency using Pffafl's equation. The means of mRNA relative abundance were compared by t-test. The PR mRNA expression only in blastocysts is similar to the results obtained by Hou et al. (1997) in rat embryos. It is believed that the absence of PR in the early stages of cleavage is due to the indirect action of progesterone by growth factors produced by the maternal reproductive tract (2). Apparently, ER-β action does not occur in the embryo canine phases analysed; however, the action of ER-α seems related to the deployment signal as seen by Hou et al. (1996) in rats. Similarly to findings in the literature, OTR expression decreased in canine embryonic development. This receptor was produced by blastocysts while present in the uterus, which may represent an incidental mechanism to the embryo control of endometrial receptivity, such as also to prevent the development of endometrial luteolytic mechanism. The variation in hormone receptors gene expression in canine embryos can be influencing the transition from morula to blastocyst. In addition, a hormonal influence on these structures can occur in different ways.


In «The Elm and The Expert» (Fodor 1994), Jerry Fodor claims that in order to solve the mind/body problem (consciousness excluded), a computational psychology needs to be combined with a naturalistic theory of content such as the asymmetric dependence theory put forward in 'A Theory of Content II' (in Fodor 1990, pp. 89-136). However, since this theory was first proposed, it has been reproached for a number of failings, perhaps the most significant of which is the objection that it simply begs the question. In this paper I provide an outline of the story so far, covering Fodor's objectives, the theory he proposes to meet them and the objection in question, before going on to argue that a promising attempt to answer this objection will not bear fruit given the way in which Fodor tackles the original problems. I then argue that the seeming intractability of this objection is due to Fodor's striving to solve all the problems that a naturalistic theory presents in one fell swoop, and conclude by suggesting how, given a careful choice of targets and a well organised methodology, asymmetric dependence might yet prove to be an attractive theory of content.


During an X-ray survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud, carried out with the XMM-Newton satellite, we detected significant soft X-ray emission from the central star of the high-excitation planetary nebula SMP SMC 22. Its very soft spectrum is reproduced well with a non-local thermodynamical equilibrium model atmosphere composed of H, He, C, N, and O, with abundances equal to those inferred from studies of its nebular lines. The derived effective temperature of 1.5 × 10 5 K is in close agreement with that found from the optical/UV data. The unabsorbed flux in the 0.1–0.5 keV range is ∼3 × 10 −11 erg cm −2 s −1 , corresponding to a luminosity of ∼1.2 × 10 37 erg s −1 at a distance of 60 kpc. We also searched for X-ray emission from a large number of SMC planetary nebulae, confirming the previous detection of SMP SMC 25 with a luminosity of (0.2−6) × 10 35 erg s −1 (0.1–1 keV). For the remaining objects that were not detected, we derived flux upper limits corresponding to luminosity values from several tens to hundreds times lower than that of SMP SMC 22. The exceptionally high X-ray luminosity of SMP SMC 22 is probably due to the high mass of its central star, which is rapidly evolving toward the white dwarf's cooling branch, and to a small amount of intrinsic absorption in the nebula itself.


Fibromyalgia is a complex pain‐focused syndrome. Previous studies showed that Cannabis is efficacious in promoting sleep, deepening and lengthening the sleep cycle, and good pain relief (compared with the SSRIs and SNRIs).


A 40-year-old woman was referred from Hematologist for eye examination as she has been Iron chelated with deferoxamine for 22 years and recently developed peripheral neuropathy. She suffers from Thalassemia Major and is transfusion dependent. On first examination in eye clinic her vision was 20/30 in each eye. She has normal color vision and pupillary reaction in either eye. Her anterior segment examination was unremarkable in both eyes. She has subretinal pigment mottling at macula in both eyes. Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed window defect and masking at fovea and midperipheral defect. Her dose of deferoxamine was reduced. Four years later her vision has dropped to 20/80 in right eye and 20/60 in left eye. Bull's eye lesions were noticed in her both maculae (Figs 1 and 2).


The article analyzes the concept and essence of the stability of the political system in the framework of modern political concepts of political systems studies. In disclosing of trends and reasons of stability (instability) of the political system becomes important regulators allowing to bring it to its original condition or more other positive qualitative conditions. Complexity and capacity of this phenomenon predetermine a wide range of scientific approaches. Attention is focused on different approaches to solving the problem of stability of the political system.Instrumental characteristics of some regulators stability of the political system are considered. The conclusion is that they are potentially effective for balance, homeostasis and maintenance of stationary regime of sustainable functioning of the political system. Author supplements existing approaches to research on this issue.


The paper introduces a control system for air-conditioning terminal of two return-air valve,which is applied in the new gymnasium. The principle of controller that is composed of PLC is analyzed with its structure,control mode,capability


A survey and pathogenic identification of powder mildew associated with Mahonia fortunei(Lindl.) Fedde.found that powdery mildew of Mahonia fortunei was caused by Oidium lini Skoric in Jiangsu.That was the first report.


The growing amount of residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems has increased the need for adequate three-phase low-voltage (LV) feeder models so distribution companies can carry out detailed studies that identify potential impacts and solutions. One of the major challenges, however, is that the phase group to which residential customers are connected to is largely unknown. Using voltage time-series data extracted from single-phase smart meters (a technology being deployed around the world), this paper proposes an approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and an unconstrained k-means clustering technique to determine the phase group of customers in a given LV feeder. The approach, which does not require prior knowledge (i.e., phase group of a few customers), is tested on a realistic Australian LV feeder with 31 customers and different PV penetrations. Results demonstrate that the approach is accurate without and with PV and practical as only smart meter data is required.


By combing real teaching experience, this article discusses the factors which influence the employment guidance course teaching in normal colleges, and puts forward measures to improve higher normal college career guidance curriculum construction.


Abstract— Concentrations of homochlorcyclizine enantiomers in blood, urine, and tissues of the liver, lung, kidney, brain, heart, spleen, intestine and stomach of rats after drug administration were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography on a chiral stationary phase. After intravenous administration (10 mg kg−1), homochlorcyclizine was rapidly distributed in many tissues, with the highest concentration in lung. No differences were found between enantiomers in blood concentrations. After oral administration (50 mg kg−1), the concentrations of the (+)‐isomer in nearly all tissues were higher than those of the (–)‐isomer. The AUC0‐x values of the (+)‐ and (–)‐isomers differed significantly. The absorption of racemic homochlorcyclizine from rat small intestine was not enantioselective. These results suggested that the different concentrations between enantiomers after oral administration were not caused by enantioselective absorption or distribution but rather by preferential first‐pass metabolism of the (–)‐isomer in the liver. The enantioselectivity of metabolism was also demonstrated by in‐vitro experiments.


The condition for maximizing the pattern gain function at an angle θ 0 measured from the beam axis is derived for symmetric pencil beams. The half-power beamwidth of the beam and the maximum gain that can be realized at the off-axis position are completely determined by specification of the angle θ 0 .


19 patients between 23 and 65 yr. of age whose chronic back pain was caused by lumbosacral disk disease and 19 healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were studied. Pain thresholds under phasic and tonic heat stimulation and thermal thresholds for warmth and cold were measured on the right hand. The patients rated any current back pain on a visual analog scale. There was a significant negative correlation between current back pain and the threshold for tonic pain, but there was no correlation between current back pain and either the threshold for phasic pain or temperature sensitivity. Hence, current back pain and experimental tonic pain seem to have an additive effect on pain perception because perceptual qualities are similar. Reduced somatosensory perception of chronic back pain patients could be demonstrated for temperature sensitivity and to a lesser degree for phasic pain, but as a consequence of the "opposing" effect of current back pain, not for tonic pain perception.


The present invention discloses a high-flame-retardant PVC board and a production method thereof. The PVC board comprises the following components by weight: 100 parts of a PVC powder, 15-25 parts of a PVC waste powder, 15-25 parts of calcium powder, 0.2-0.3 part of paraffin wax, 0.3-0.35 part of stearic acid, 1.0-1.5 parts of a stabilizer, 1.0-1.5 parts of CPE, 0.5-1.0 part of a composite expansion-type fire retardant, 0.5-1.0 part of a bromine-nitrogen compound fire retardant and 0.5-1.0 part of a halogen-free fire retardant. The method has the advantages that: pretreatment on pellets of PVC board not only realizes the pellet moisture control before grinding and screening, but also can remove small stones and other impurities, improve grinding efficiency, and ensure compliance with PVC powder production requirements; sufficient recycling of waste achieves energy conservation; and the PVC board has the advantages of good surface roughness and brightness, continuous surface, uniform thickness, assured quality and durability.


Vehicular emissions contribute a significant portion to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in urban areas. Knowledge of the relative contribution of gasolineversus diesel-powered vehicles is highly relevant for policymaking, and yet there is a lack of an effective observationbased method to determine this quantity, especially for its robust tracking over a period of years. In this work, we present an approach to track separate contributions of gasoline and diesel vehicles through the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis of online monitoring data measurable by relatively inexpensive analytical instruments. They are PM2.5 organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), C2– C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (e.g., pentanes, benzene, xylenes, etc.), and nitrogen oxide concentrations. The method was applied to monitoring data spanning more than 6 years between 2011 and 2017 in a roadside environment in Hong Kong. We found that diesel vehicles accounted for ∼ 70 %–90 % of the vehicular PM2.5 (PMvehicle) over the years and the remainder from gasoline vehicles. The diesel PMvehicle during truckand bus-dominated periods showed declining trends simultaneous with control efforts targeted at diesel commercial vehicles and franchised buses in the intervening period. The combined PMvehicle from diesel and gasoline vehicles by PMF agrees well with an independent estimate by the EC-tracer method, both confirming PMvehicle contributed significantly to the PM2.5 in this urban environment (∼ 4–8 μg m−3, representing 30 %–60 % in summer and 10 %–20 % in winter). Our work shows that the longterm monitoring of roadside VOCs and PM2.5 OC and EC is effective for tracking gaseous and PM pollutants from different vehicle categories. This work also demonstrates the value of an evidence-based approach in support of effective control policy formulation.


The invention discloses a quick change structure for battery batteries in electric vehicles. A battery frame is fixed between front and rear beams of a floor. Ejector rods are arranged at front and rear edges of the battery frame. The top end of each ejector rod is provided with a clamp boss. A fixed plate is disposed on the front and rear beams of the floor. The floor front beam and the floor rear beam are provided with first ejector rod via holes, and the fixed plate at the tops of the front and rear beams is provided with second ejector rod via holes communicated with the first ejector rod via holes. A sliding plate is embedded on the fixed plate and is provided with elongated holes. The ejector rods penetrate the first ejector rod via holes, the second ejector via holes and the elongated holes sequentially. The section of one end of each elongated hole is larger than the section of each clamp boss. The section of the other end of each elongated hole is larger than the section of each ejector rod and smaller than the section of each clamp boss. An extension rod is arranged on the sliding plate. The side wall of the floor front beam and the side wall of the floor rear beam are both provided with first slides, and shift locking structures are hinged in the first slides and are connected with the extension rod. The quick change structure allows power batteries to be changed quickly, and is simple in structure and easy to operate.


The reactions of tetrameric (F3CP)4 and pentameric (F3CP)5 with [Os3(CO)11(MeCN)] gave [(OC)11Os3(µ-PHCF3)Os3(CO)11(µ-H)1 while reaction with [Os3(µ-H)2(CO)10] led to the formation of [Os3(µ-H)(µ-PHCF3)(CO)10]2 and [(OC)9(µ-H)2Os3(µ4-F3CPPCF3)Os3(µ-H)2(CO)9]3. Pyrolysis of (F3CP)4 with [Os3(CO)12] at 209 °C resulted in cleavage of the triosmium parent cluster to afford [Os4(CO)13(µ3-PCF3)2]4. When the cyclophosphanes reacted with [Ru3(CO)12] in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio, [{Ru(CO)3(µ3-PCF3)}4]5 and [Ru5(CO)15(µ4-PCF3)]6 were obtained respectively. The complex [Ru4(CO)14(µ4-PCF3)]7 was obtained when the reaction between [Ru3(CO)12] and (F3CP)n(n= 4 or 5) was carried out at 80 °C. However, when [Ru4H(CO)12] was treated with the cyclophosphanes the novel molecule [Ru4(µ-H)2(CO)12(µ-PCF3)(µ-PCF3)2]8 was obtained. The crystal structures of 3–8 have been determined.


Abstract This article is a psychoanalytic exploration of music as a medium for healing and change, looking at its unique ability to address issues of grief and loss on both a macro and micro level. Music and mourning will be examined as they pertain to the current political climate as well as in the clinical setting.


The oversimplification of issues in the history of science leads to a misunderstanding of the nature of scientific progress. For instance, most texts and many histories of science have perpetuated the myth that the distinction between Newton's theory of light and that of Huygens was clear cut and simple. They have compounded their error by indicating that Foucault's experiment in 1850, where he found the speed of light to be slower in water than in air, was "crucial" evidence in favor of Huygens's theory, thereby "disproving" the corpuscular theory of Newton. The position is defended that the theories of Newton and Huygens did not represent simple opposites; Newton's theories on light have been frequently misrepresented; and Foucault's experiment was not a crucial one.


In this study, electrochemical deposition of CuO-graphene (CuO/G) nanocomposites on Au electrode was performed via one-pot electrochemical deposition technique. XRD and EDS techniques were used to for analytical characterization of CuO/G films. Then, morphological characterization of composite was carried out by SEM. The Au-CuO/G electrode was examined as an electrocatalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation reaction and properties of electrocatalyst was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. The highest current density for ethanol electro-oxidation was determined at CuO/G modified electrode. Also, as-prepared CuO/G nanocomposites can be used to as electrode in fuel cell applications.


An exac t solut ion is p resen ted for the small-s ignal ac response, in the c o n t i n u u m approximat ion , of an e lec t rochemical cell, or half-cell, wi th unsuppor t ed e lect rolyte and comple te ly b lock ing electrodes. The solut ion inc ludes the possibili ty of inner layer capaci tance effects, arbi t rary mobil i t ies , arbi t rary va lence numbers , and any degree of charge dissociation. It applies to l iquid and solid electrolytes, fused salts, and even intr insic semiconductors . N u m e r o u s c o m p l e x plane plots are inc luded to demons t ra t e some of the m a n y types of response possible. The p resen t solut ion has also been incorpora ted as a d is t r ibuted circui t e l emen t for use in equ iva len t c i rcui t fitting us ing a newly i m p r o v e d c o m p l e x nonl inear least squares fitting program. The comple te ly b locking (ideally polarized) e lec t rode s i tuat ion is not u n c o m m o n in both l iquid and solid electrochemis t ry areas. But in the former case, e.g., with a mercury electrode, it has been usual to cons ider only the double layer capac i tance in the l imit of low f requenc ies and to a s sume that it and the solut ion res is tance are essent ia l ly f r equency independent . Such double layer work has recent ly been rev iewed (1). Comple te b locking (no direct cur ren t possible) is also observed in the small-signal response of solid e lectrolytes wi th nonpa ren t ion electrodes. Fur ther , for bo th l iquids and solids there may be present a th in insula t ing layer (the inner layer of the e lec t rochemica l double layer) be tween the metal l ic (or h ighly conduc t ing l iquid) e lec t rode and the mater ia l of interest . Such layers m a y arise uncont ro l lab ly f rom the prepara t ion p rocedure or, somet imes , may even be inc luded on purpose to ensure comple t e b locking of all mobi le charge carriers p resen t in the mater ia l (2). Even in the absence of all such layers, des ired or not, there is still present an effect ive insula t ing layer (in the absence of a charge t ransfer reaction) involving charge separat ion aris ing f rom the finite size of mobi le ions, a steric effect which ensures that their charge cent roids cannot approach an e lec t rode closer than about an ionic radius. The comple te ly b locking p h e n o m e n a and f r equency response cons idered in the present work are those appropr iate for an unsuppor t ed electrolyte. They thus may apply to l iquid e lect rolytes wi thou t support , to fused salts, and to mos t solid-state s i tuat ions (3), even inc lud ing intrinsically conduc t ing semiconductors . A l though for solids more small-signal ac measu remen t s have been m a d e over a cons iderable range of f requencies , the doma in of impedance spec t roscopy (acronym IS) (3), there has been less att en t ion devo ted to comple te ly b locking than to part ly conduc t ing behav ior (4). Ano the r impor tan t d i f ference is that w h e n charges of both signs are mobile , the only s i tuat ion cons ide red here, the ratio of the mobi l i t ies of the charges of oppos i te signs, ~m, m a y be very large (or ve ry small) for solid e lect rolytes but is usual ly fairly close to uni ty for liqu id electrolytes. Thus whi le one migh t find a ratio as big as 108 or more for solids (solid electrolytes, a l iovalent s ingle crystals, or even glasses, po lymer films, and amorphous materials), a ratio b igger than 102 wou ld be unusua l in the l iquid case. In spi te of the relat ive pauci ty so far of IS m e a s u r e m e n t s for comple te ly b locking situations, m u c h about the basic processes occur r ing in the mater ia l of interes t can be learned f rom such measurements . Here, some predic t ions of a general, c o n t i n u u m microscopic theory of such small-signal ac response (5) 1 will be p resen ted to i l lustrate some of the var ied c o m p l e x plane curve shapes possible. There are too m a n y parameters invo lved to al low a fully comprehens ive s tudy to be presen ted in a reasonable space for even the comple te ly * Electrochemical Society Active Member. 1 In Ref. (5) the word "generalization" near the top of p. 1626 should be replaced by "generation." The citation of Eq. [14] in the first column ofp. 1627 should be Eq. [4]. The AI, symbols in Table I should be AI's. b lock ing response. For the same reason, no detai led freq u e n c y response resul ts (e.g., th ree -d imens iona l perspect ive plots (6)] are included. But these omiss ions are not of great impor tance here. First, the full, exact, comple te ly b lock ing solut ion is summar ized in the appendix . More impor tant ly , this solut ion represents a par t icular distribu ted circui t e l emen t (DCE), one which may be called the Nerns t -P lanck e lement , and is inc luded, a long with m a n y o ther useful DCE ' s as a part of the author ' s c o m p l e x nonl inear least squares (CNLS) IS fitt ing program, L O M F P (7, 8). S ince this program, which also inc ludes a great m a n y dif ferent equ iva len t c ircui ts for fitting, is avai lable f rom the author, it may be used, as the m e t h o d of choice, in analyzing comple te ly b locking IS data. When data fitting wi th the current vers ion of L O M F P leads to a good fit of such data, it wil l also p rov ide direct es t imates of e i ther the p resen t p r imary set of free parameters , or of the microscopic set re la ted to them: parameters such as mobil i t ies , equ i l i b r ium bulk concentrat ions , genera t ionrecombina t ion constants , and so on (5). The first exac t theory for the p resen t s i tuat ion appeared (9) in 1953. In m a n y later papers, I and m y col laborators have genera l ized it greatly, cu lmina t ing in the resul ts of Ref. (5). There, the small-signal ac response for both part ly and fully b lock ing e lect rodes is calculated (but not dep ic ted graphically) for intr insic and ext r ins ic conduc t ion si tuations, for arbi t rary d i ssoc ia t ionrecombina t ion of mobile and i m m o b i l e centers, for arbi t rary mobi l i t ies of the two mobi l e species present , and for arbi t rary va lence numbers of these species. S ince three and h igher body recombinat ions are not inc luded in the theory, it is only applicable in the incomple te d issocia t ion case for equal va lence numbers , bu t they need not be equal for full d issociat ion (5). In a recent paper deal ing wi th po lypheny lene -ox ide po lymer films (10), G la rum and Marshall der ive the smalls ignal ac response of a half-cell conta in ing fully dissociated unsuppor t ed mater ia l wi th un i ty va lence n u m b e r s and invo lv ing a comple te ly b lock ing electrode. No inner layer effects were included. Thus, this work t reated a special case of the cons iderably more general p rob l em analyzed earl ier by the present author, that m e n t i o n e d in the p reced ing paragraph. In fact, w h e n the formal resul ts of Ref. (5) are special ized for the Glarum-Marshal l s implif ied si tuation, they involve the separat ion out of the geomet r ic capac i tance and bu lk res is tance of the material , inc lude all the rest of the response in an i m p e d a n c e Zs, and lead to response equa t ions as s imple as those of G la rum and Marshall and fully consis tent wi th t h e m (see Appendix) . Both the earl ier analyt ical work of the au thor (5, 9) and that of Glarum and Marshall (10) apply only to s i tuat ions where the mobi le charge concen t ra t ion is spatial ly un i fo rm before the appl ica t ion of a measu r ing signal, the poin t of zero charge (pzc) for the e lect rolyte situation. S ince even for the special in t r ins ic -conduct ion case, the comple te ly b locking solut ion of Ref. (5) is cons iderably more genera l than that of Ref. (10), it is wor thwhi l e to exp lore some of the predic t ions of the fo rmer w o r k and to m a k e bet ter k n o w n that


Background : Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical emergency encountered worldwide. Diagnostic errors are common resulting in median incidence of perforation 20% and negative appendicectomy 2% to 30%.This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of Alvarado scoring and Tzanaki scoring in diagnosing acute appendicitisand to reduce the negative appendicectomy rate. Methodology : Prospective observational nonrandomized study conducted at Victoria hospital Bangalore which included 50 clinically diagnosed cases of acute appendicitis who underwent emergency open appendicectomy from Jan 2016 to May 2016.Final diagnosis was based on histological findings given by the pathologist. Results : The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Tzanakis score was 79.62%,83.3%,97.72% and 31.25% respectively and of Alvarado score was 61.9%,50.0%,86.6% and 15% respectively. Negative appendicectomy in Tzanakis scoring was 12% and in Alvarado scoring was 16%. Conclusion : Tzanakis score is an effective modality to establish the accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis and helps in reducing negative appendicectomy rate.


Background and Purpose— Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), an &ohgr;-3 essential fatty acid family member, is the precursor of neuroprotectin D1, which downregulates apoptosis and, in turn, promotes cell survival. This study was conducted to assess whether DHA would show neuroprotective efficacy when systemically administered in different doses after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Methods— Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and subjected to 2 hour of MCAo. Animals were treated with either DHA (low doses=3.5 or 7 mg/kg; medium doses=16 or 35 mg/kg; and high dose=70 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline intravenously 3 hours after MCAo onset. Neurologic status was evaluated during occlusion (60 minutes) and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 after MCAo. Seven days after MCAo, brains were perfusion-fixed, and infarct areas and volumes were determined. Results— Only the low and medium doses of DHA significantly improved the neurologic score compared with vehicle-treated rats at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days. DHA markedly reduced total corrected infarct volume in all treated groups compared with vehicle-treated rats (3.5 mg/kg, 26±9 mm3; 7 mg/kg, 46±12 mm3; 16 mg/kg, 37±5 mm3; and 35 mg/kg, 34±15 mm3 vs vehicle, 94±12 mm3). Cortical and striatal infarct volumes were also significantly reduced by treatment with DHA. No neuroprotective effects were observed with 70 mg/kg DHA. Conclusions— We conclude that DHA experimental therapy at low and medium doses improves neurologic and histologic outcomes after focal cerebral ischemia and might provide benefits in patients after ischemic stroke.


Based on the field investigation,this article analyses the system,reform and the characteristics of higher education in Switzerland.It concludes that its characteristics in design and structure framing,consultation system,pursuit of excellence and pluralism are of reference value to us.


Background: The effectiveness of topical diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) immunotherapy in patients with severe and refractory alopecia areata (AA) has been demonstrated. However, the response rates varied greatly and this variability may be due to the differences in the number of patients, severity of AA, disease duration before treatment, and evaluation method undertaken in the various studies. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of topical DPCP treatment in AA by performing a systematic review of RCTs and open-label trials Methods: Databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched between 1976 and 2015. Studies published in English that reported the efficacy of topical DPCP treatment in AA were selected. Results: Sixteen studies were finally included. Several factors including different study design, variable descriptions of efficacy, and a lack of standardized data collection have been responsible for the heterogeneity present in this review. Clinical response evaluated on the basis of percentage of hair regrowth on the scalp. In this analysis, response rate of DPCP treatment is 55.65【1.00% (95% CI, 53.70-57.61). Conclusion: We found evidence to support the efficacy of topical immunotherapy with DPCP in AA. However, for an unbiased estimate of the effect of treatment, better designed RCTs are needed that have a clinically relevant endpoint (e.g., long-term overall regrowth) in a well-selected population.


A framework to simulate multiunit processes is discussed. The method uses VAX/VMS routines to spawn unit software as subprocesses and coordinates the simulation through a shared data file. Each unit contains its own memory of the inputs and outputs and reads and writes only the data pertaining to itself. The framework is very flexible in that units can easily be added and it is independent of the complexity of the units.<<ETX>>


The implementation of backward error recovery features requires the support of a run time subsystem (called the recovery system) that is responsible for performing the task of state restoration. The recovery system implemented to support the recovery features of Concurrent Pascal includes, for each process, a recovery cache for recording appropriate recovery data. This paper describes the details of the recovery system that was implemented as a part of the interpreter of Brinch Hansen's Concurrent Pascal system.


The Neutron Activation Analysis is a very sensitive method for determination of element content and composition. However, conventional methods do not provide information regarding the spatial distribution of the elements in the sample. To fulfill this need, we developed an electron imaging device with electron optics which provides element spatial distribution information based on beta-gamma coincidence. The investigated element is identified by the characteristic gamma radiation while the spatial information is obtained by the position sensitive detection of β-decay electrons. Unlike common and often invasive approaches our non-destructive method provides imaging and analysis simultaneously. This system makes use of tailor-made electron optics to select and focus coincidence electrons providing higher spatial resolution and better contrast images. For this purpose the semiconductor pixel detector Timepix is used for electron detection and is triggered by a gamma detector. In this contribution we investigate the possibility to use also the secondary electrons which are emitted from the sample surface by the primary ionizing particle crossing the surface in order to achieve higher efficiency of the device. These surface produced low-energy electrons are extracted and accelerated by a high voltage static field to be consequently detected by the Timepix detector. The low initial energy of the ejected electrons causes that the secondary electrons onto the Timepix sensor are monoenergetic with energy given by high voltage field.


The invention provides a barrier ribs, a plasma display panel including the same, and an associated method. The plasma display panel (PDP) includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, inner barrier ribs in a display region of the PDP between the first substrate and the second substrate to define discharge cells, at least one dummy barrier rib in a non-display region of the PDP between the first substrate and the second substrate, the non-display region being external to the display region, and the dummy barrier rib including at least one curved end portion and a cavity in the curved end portion, discharge electrodes between the first substrate and the second substrate to generate a discharge in the discharge cells, and at least one phosphor layer in each discharge cell.


Radio transmitters were used to track the movement of coarse sediment particles in a mountain river during a period of high flow and high bed mobility. Transport was characterized by episodes of sediment movement separated by long rest periods. Travel distance ranged from 347 to 1065 m during the 2- to 4.5-hr study period.


Controlled pollination techniques were developed in grafted material in 3 clones (27 trees). A total of 2327 flowers were pollinated. At anthesis, the operculum was removed manually and emasculation was done with a blade. The flowers were then isolated with unwoven terylene bags. Optimum stigma receptivity, shown by an exudate, was determined using controlled pollinations made over 2 d intervals, from d 4 to d 14, in groups of 60 flowers. In each group, the proportion of flowers with stigmatic exudations was recorded. Controlled pollinations were made with a brush.


In this research, Renewable Energy (RE) represents the existing power systems with different levels. However, because of the intermittent nature of these sources, it is necessary to analyze systems' reliability with different RE penetration levels. This work presented a simulation method for reliability evaluation of renewable penetrated power systems. Some reliability indices were proposed for the case of power systems with renewable power plants. The adopted approach used the historical data of renewable energy resources, mainly wind and solar to estimate the power that can be generated and compared with the demand to find the power mismatch. Therefore, this approach can be utilized to determine the penetration level that renewable energy can be shared, and it also helps the system operators in deciding the percentage of the generation that RE power plant can provide.


As the IT field has evolved into a people-oriented computing paradigm, the research activities about the intelligent service robot are being studied tremendously. The intelligent service robot means that the supportive living service robot of the future in our daily life. The stable execution of the intelligent service robot is one of the most important requirements. It means that the intelligent service robot must guarantee the correct execution and safety of the user. To accomplish these requirements, it is essential to guarantee the real-time feature in an operating system of the intelligent service robot. But Windows OS which is used in most robots does not support the real-time features. In this paper, we design and implement the RTiK(Real-Time Implanted Kernel) to support the real-time features of the intelligent service robot based on Windows.


Part I. The Need for Civic Hope: 1. Can politics be fixed? 2. Can citizenship be revived? 3. Is civic hope the answer? Part II. The Search for Civic Hope: 4. People who write letters 5. People who read letters Part III. The Texture of Civic Hope: 6. Why letters are compelling 7. Why letters are irritating 8. How letters have changed 9. How letters differ Part IV. The Future of Civic Hope: 10. Sustaining a culture of argument Appendices Index.


Education is a liberating force, and in our age it is also a democratizing force, cutting across the barriers of caste and class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances. In the post-take of stage of distance education in India, it has attained tremendous growth in terms of proliferating the educated manpower starting from womenfolk to unemployed youth. The reasons for sending wards to schooling are two folds: gaining knowledge and getting employment. Employability determines the success of the student in Higher education whether he draws higher salary or lower salary, for which everyone has been trying to achieve it. When employment is denied to the educated individual, the duties and responsibilities of the welfare state are at stake.  Education, skill development and employability have to go hand in hand, if the relation between academics and employability has to be sustained. With a view to increasing employability among distance learners, the following strategies may be followed:  framing of effective curriculum for the development of professional skills, inter disciplinary approaches, organizing training programmes for skill developments, developing psychomotor skills by making writing assignments compulsory for distance learners, timely correction and feed back to the students, effective students support services, supplementing education through media and academic-industry partnership at higher education level. With the following objectives, the study was carried out: 1.         To identify various developmental skills to be used in Distance education 2.         To understand the suitability of distance education courses with regard to the development of employability skills among the distance learners. 3.         To work out the strategies for maintaining Quality Distance Education.   With normative survey method, the study was conducted in consultation with various primary and secondary sources of distance education materials including recently published Education Policy of Open and Distance Learning from MHRD, New Delhi.


AIM
To create a reliable system for assessing of severity and prediction of the outcome of peritonitis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Critical analysis of the systems for peritonitis severity assessment is presented. The study included outcomes of 347 patients who admitted at the Department of Faculty Surgery of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in 2015-2016. The cause of peritonitis were destructive forms of acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, perforated gastroduodenal ulcer, various perforation of small and large intestines (including tumor).

RESULTS
Combined forecasting system for peritonitis severity assessment is created. The system includes clinical, laboratory data, assessment of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) and severity of organ failure (qSOFA). The authors focused on easily identifiable parameters which are available in virtually any surgical hospital. Threshold value (lethal outcome probability over 50%) is 8 scores in this system. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93.3, 99.7 and 98.9%, respectively according to ROC-curve that exceeds those parameters of MPI and APACHE II.


Cretaceous strata exposed in the Coalville and Rockport areas record the deposition and accumulation of terrigenous clastic sediments in alluvial-fan, fluvial, marginal-marine, and nearshore and offshore-marine environments. Marine sediments were deposited in the Coalville and Rockport areas during the Aspen-Mowry, Greenhorn, and Niobrara marine invasions of north-central Utah. Biostratigraphic control in the upper part of the Frontier Formation in the Coalville area is adequate, and the age of this part of the section has been accurately recognized in recent studies. Determining the age of the Aspen Shale and the lower part of the Frontier Formation and, more specifically, the position of the Lower Cretaceous-Upper Cretaceous boundary in north-central Utah has been severely hampered by the paucity of open-marine taxa in the deposits of the Aspen-Mowry marine invasion. Evidence presented here indicates that the Lower Cretaceous Upper Cretaceous boundary should be placed near the middle of the nonmarine Chalk Creek Member of the Frontier Formation, 400 to 500 meters higher than has been suggested previously


Factor analysis of multivariate longitudinal data are discussed, where measurements are taken from individuals at several occasions. Unbalanced cases, in which some individuals do not appear at all occasions and the number of measured individuals may change from one occasion to another, are considered. For such cases, the full likelihood method is difficult even if a particular distribution is assumed. In this paper, a relatively simple method based on a partial likelihood is considered, and is shown to have various advantages over the full likelihood method and the time–series modelling. It is shown that the associated inference procedures, including the goodness–of–fit statistic, have a good asymptotic performance for a broad class of non–normal data having any time trend. The proposed method is compared with standard methods using real data from the banking sector.


We have performed measurements on the easy-axis Heisenberg antiferromagnet ${\mathrm{CsMnI}}_{3}$ to determine the magnetic structure and excitations. The structural anisotropy of the hexagonal perovskite structure (space group P${6}_{3}$/mmc) leads to quasi-one-dimensional behavior such that the ratio of the intra- to interchain exchange ${\mathit{J}}_{1}$/${\mathit{J}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}200. Transitions to three-dimensional ordered magnetic states occur at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}1}$=11.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 K and ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}2}$=8.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 K. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer measurements were performed with magnetic fields of up to 5.2 T applied parallel to the crystal c axis. No other phase transitions were detected at temperatures down to 1.8 K. Neutron-diffraction measurements confirmed that the low-temperature phase has antiferromagnetic order within the chains and a canted spin structure similar to that of the low-temperature phase of ${\mathrm{CsNiCl}}_{3}$ with a canting angle of 51\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. In the higher-temperature phase the moments were found to lie almost parallel to the c axis, and to have a very small ferrimagnetic component along the c axis in each a-b plane. Inelastic neutron scattering was used to measure the dispersion of magnetic excitations in both ordered magnetic phases. The form of the dispersion was very similar in both cases and was adequately fitted to linear spin-wave theory, giving exchange parameters ${\mathit{J}}_{1}$=-0.198\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002 THz, ${\mathit{J}}_{2}$=-0.0010\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0001 THz, and single-ion anisotropy D=-0.000 50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000 02 THz. There were, however, several deviations that suggest that linear spin-wave theory does not give a complete description of the magnetic excitations in this class of magnet.


In this paper, we show the first order validity of the block bootstrap in the context of Kolmogorov type conditional distribution tests when there is dynamic misspecification and parameter estimation error. Our approach di®ers from the literature to date because we construct a bootstrap statistic that allows for dynamic misspecification under both hypotheses. We consider two test statistics; one is the CK test of Andrews (1997), and the other is in the spirit of Diebold, Gunther and Tay (1998). The limiting distribution of both tests is a Gaussian process with a covariance kernel that reflects dynamic misspecification and parameter estimation error. In order to provide valid asymptotic critical values we suggest an extention of the empirical process version of the block bootstrap to the case of non vanishing parameter estimation error. The findings from Monte Carlo experiments show that both statistics have good finite sample properties for samples as small as 500 observations.


The article presents the results of an empirical study of the evaluation of the mutual influences of nature and man by environmental activists and non-activists.  The study involved 25 environmental activists (four of them — men) aged in average 26.6 and 291 people-respondents, who were not involved in environmental activities (50 men and 241 women) whose average age was 26,4.  The methodology «Diagnostics of ecological consciousness», created in the logic of the eco-psychological approach to the development of the human psyche (developed by Panov V.I.) was used for the study. The initial premise of which is the classification of relationships in the «man-environment» format. The study showed that environmental activists and non-activists differ in assessing the mutual influences of nature and man. In accordance with the two-dimensional model, assessments of activists are located in two planes of «Caring for nature» and «Struggle with nature». Most assessments of ecological non-activists are located in the planes «Fear of nature» and «Harmony with nature».


An examination was made of the case-records of 29 seven- and eight-year-old children, all of whom had been referred for special-class placement. The incidence of particular developmental, familial, and behavioural problems in 18 of the children (12 boys and six girls) who had been recommended for special class placement, was compared with that of the remaining 11 children (nine boys and two girls) who, following testing, had been recommended to remain in regular classes. The special class group were of somewhat lower ability than the regular class group. were less likely to have physical or sensory difficulties, and showed a consistently (though nonsignificantly), higher rate of developmental, familial, and behavioural problems. At the same time, many of the special class group had regular-class counterparts of comparable ability who showed strikingly similar patterns of school learning difficulties, and there was a suggestion that children seen by one psychologist were rather more likely to be admitted t...


DURING the 1955 Memorial Day weekend, May 28-30, there occurred in Philadelphia three outbreaks of gastroenteritis in which smoked fish was the vehicle for the transmission of Salmonella organisms. The events preceding and including the outbreaks have the elements of a classic picture of Salmnonella food infection. To those concerned with the public health aspects of food production, distribution, and consumption, it has long been apparent that delicatessen foods are always potential vehicles for bacterial intoxications and infections. The factors supporting this potential are: The foods are generally consumed without further cooking, and some processors and many distributors and consumers disregard their perishable nature. More than a decade ago, Kleemnan, Frant, and Abrahamson (1) reported in detail two outbreaks in New York City of food poison-


The turnover of triglycerides and phospholipids of various tissues was studied in warm-acclimated and cold-acclimated rats, exposed to either a cold or a warm environment, by injecting glucose-U-C14 intraperitoneally and measuring its incorporation into glycerol, glycerophosphate, and fatty acid portions of triglycerides and phospholipids at various times after the injection. The incorporation of glucose carbon into brown (interscapular) adipose tissue lipids (principally into glyceride glycerol) was 10 to 50 times greater in cold-acclimated rats in the cold than in warm-acclimated rats in the warm. The results are interpreted to indicate a great acceleration of the triglyceride cycle (triglyceride hydrolysis and resynthesis with concomitant ADP formation, the latter occasioning an increase in the activity of the electron transport system) in brown adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats in the cold. Other possible interpretations are discussed. This acceleration was not observed in cold-acclimated rats in...


Scenario includes military scenario and simulation scenario.Simulation scenario is an important and indispensable part of the simulation system.It is a basic requirement for the conclusion of the simulation-running.Related concepts are discussed in this paper.The assortment accordance,the content and the exploitation principle are stated.The description methods based on software engineering,system analysis,formalization structure are summarized.Four-view scenario description method based on XML is especially analysed.The present problems existing in scenario description are concluded.This paper gives the direction to standarddly describe the scenario.


Abstract People learn about the efficacy and validity of cultural practices through the testimony and expertise of others. Although some religious practices are highly accessible and require no specialized expertise to engage in them, and others are part of highly controlled religious organizations that designate and legitimate religious experts, many are associated with loosely organized religious traditions that involve a variety of supernatural healing practices and remedies. How is expertise evaluated in these contexts? One possibility is that consensus information may be important; higher levels of agreement about the efficacy of an expert may be more convincing than lower levels of agreement. Another possibility is that the expertise of the informant may influence efficacy judgments. In cases in which the skeptic or supporter is another religious expert, does the expertise of the informant override consensus information? In the current study, we investigated the effect of consensus information and the expertise of informants on perceived efficacy evaluation of religious healers in Brazil, a cultural context in which religious healers are consulted to solve a great variety of everyday problems. Results indicate that although both consensus information and expertise independently influence the perceived efficacy of a religious healer, the opinion of another expert overrides consensus information when the two are in conflict.


A method for providing a service for exchanging messages in a mobile wireless device detelefonia a receiver in a wireless communications network; the method comprising: the wireless mobile device transmitter (112) for a destination address asociadacon a wireless mobile device of a receiver (122), from an outgoing message eldispositivo wireless mobile transmitter ( 112); the wireless mobile device issuer check if the destination address is capable derecibir the message through a packet-switched bearer; if the event verification is affirmative, the wireless mobile device of envieentonces transmitter automatically the message to the wireless mobile device receiver in ladireccion destination via the packet-switched bearer, but if not, the wireless device emitter mobile phone automatically sends the message aldispositivo wireless mobile receiver at the destination address via an SMS portadorde.


This work studies with produce of light fuel fractions of gasoline, kerosene and gas oil from treatment of residual matter that will be obtained from the solvent extraction process as by product from refined lubricate to improve oil viscosity index in any petroleum refinery. The percentage of this byproduct is approximately 10% according to all feed (crude oil) in the petroleum refinery process. The objective of this research is to study the effect of the residence time parameter on the thermal cracking process of the byproduct feed at a constant temperature, (400 °C). The first step of this treatment is the thermal cracking of this byproduct material by a constructed batch reactor occupied with control device at a selective range of residence time (duration of the reaction) 30, 45, 60 and 75 minutes respectively at a constant temperature (400 °C). The conversion of this byproduct by thermal cracking process reaches 90% for all these residence times. The second step for this study is distillation this cracked extract liquid by atmospheric distillation device, for these various residence times according to the ASTM-D86 method, to obtain light fuel fractions of gasoline, kerosene and gas oil,in volume percentages  15, 75 and 0 for residence time 30, 5, 60 and 25, for residence time 45, 5, 10, 75, for residence time 60 and (10, 60 and 20) for residence time 75, which separates according to its boiling point. The major physical and chemical properties for feed (extract phase) and cracking extract liquid with its light fuel fractions were experimentally calculated and the results refer to acceptable properties compared with other standard property.


The present invention discloses a disc-shaped recording on which record carrier control information (1). The control information includes information indicative of the diameter of the record carrier in diameter. Also disclosed is an information recording and / or reading apparatus comprising drive means for rotationally driving the disc-shaped record carrier (1), (2). The apparatus comprises a control unit (5), the unit control loop (2,3,7,8,9) adjusting the loop gain of the control information recorded on the record carrier according to control the speed of the record carrier (1).


As the title indicates, my remarks have a somewhat retrospective slant, not least because they corne out of a period of self-interrogation and reflection on what we have been doing these past 20 or 30 years in the study of film history and media archaeology: work, for the which North Italian triangle Pordenone-Bologna-Udine has become almost as important as the triangle Florence-Venice-Genua was some 500 years ago: in each case, it brought a "renaissance" that radiated well beyond these narrow geographical confines. My own debt to espe cially Pordenone and Udine is immense, and I want to thank Leonardo Quaresima and the organizers for invit ing me once more to the Film Forum. And to take up a phrase from Wanda Strauven's presentation: I am in some ways "hacking into my own history," but for this to make sense, I briefly have to sketch this history. As an inveterate cinephile since the mid-1950s and party to the discussions around the dispositif in the 1970s, my turn to early cinema and pre-cinema in the l 980s was determined by three factors: dissatisfaction with the lack of historical specificity in the large scale theories that came via Paris to London and found its broad dis semination in the journal Screen; my discovery of early cinema at Pordenone (and the echoes it found in espe cially the New York cinematic avant-garde around the Anthology Film Archive), and thirdly, the enormous impact of Michel Foucault's The Order of Things and the Archaeology of Knowledge. Around 1988/89 I pro posed the notion of "Film History as Media Archaeology" in one of the chapters of the book I edited on Early Cinema Space Frame Narrative (published in 1990) an idea that I developed further in a book called Cinema Futures in 1998. It was an attempt to reassess what had been happening in the cinema since the advent of the video-recorder, and new the role of television as, at least in Europe, a major producer of feature films. We also examined the shifting hierarchies of sound over image, the expansion of exhibition ourlets, new delivery for mats and distribution platforms, as well as the proliferation of screens, together with the diversified viewing conditions of the cinema experience that this entailed. Cinema Futures brought together essays poised on the


Conversation? Well, yes. This book is a civilized discussion rather than an argument or a thesis or a manifesto. And it is a conversation that takes place within a broad Western tradition, in the senior common room perhaps, with a window that overlooks the landscape of the past and another that gives glimpses of the future. One theme that stands out to me, and one that is not fully unpacked in the general summary given earlier in this issue, concerns the definition of Christian scholarship in the direction of epistemology, especially the epistemologies of Christianity and of science: it may be that modern science "could be shown to rest on a theological base" (p. 72) or it may be that the notion of objectivity should be thrown away and perspectivalism embraced (p. 109ff.). Or perhaps what is needed is epistemological humility that allows the "imbrication" or overlapping of disciplines—an architectural concept offered by Crystal Downing—to foster "Christian service rather than intellectual coercion" (p. 41). I work at two institutions and will consider both.


Each year since 2018, more than 10,000 UK firms have been required to publicly disclose their gender pay gap and gender composition. This paper studies how this transparency policy affects the occupational outcomes and wages of male and female workers. Theoretically, pay transparency represents an information shock that alters the bargaining power of male and female employees vis-a-vis the firm in an asymmetric way. As women are currently underpaid, this shock may improve women's relative outcomes. We test these theoretical predictions using a difference-in-difference strategy that exploits the variation in the UK mandate across firm size and time. Our results show that pay transparency increases the probability that women are hired in above-median-wage occupations by 5 percent compared to the pre-policy mean. Additionally, it leads to a 2.8 percent decrease in male real hourly pay in treated firms compared to control ones. Combining the difference-in-difference strategy with a text analysis of job listings, we also find suggestive evidence that treated firms in industries with a high gender pay gap become more likely to post wage information than firms in the control group.


The aim of this article is study of tool plunge depth (TPD) effects on mechanical properties of friction stir welding of AA1100 aluminium alloy to A441 AISI steel. For this purpose the 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm TPD selected and other welding parameters kept constant. The results shows that the frictional heat increases and stir zone grain size decreases with increasing TPD at both base metals. At higher TPD, the material press out from shoulder and base metals interface. The highest tensile strength allocated to the joint which welded whit 0.2 mm plunge depth. This joint had appropriate joint efficacy, material flow and microhardness compare other joints.


The low pressure die casting of aluminum alloy in the automotive industry has been widely used. The low pressure die casting processes of aluminum alloy are described in this paper, with focusing on summarizing and analyzing the low pressure die casting process, simulation and automation. This paper studies the problems caused by the low pressure die casting of aluminum alloy. It points out that the application of numerical simulation in aluminum alloy low pressure casting, which can provide reference for the further development of aluminum alloy low pressure casting.


From electrochemical reduction of phenacyl bromide, 3,5-diphenyl-2(3H)-furanone was obtained as a side-product and its structure was determined by chemical and spectral techniques.


This is a report on diagnostics in a patient who anamnestically had three abortions in her history. To look for in search of the cause we found a little submucosal uterine myoma which could not to be removed by curettement. Thus, a gynaecological laparotomy had to be carried out. Paraclinical examinations finally proved the lupus-anticoagulant-factor.


This paper describes a new approach to model the variations of the traffic flows within the day, without leaving the steady-state framework. A small set of basic states, each represented by a demand matrix, is defined and each hour of the day is represented by a characteristic combination of these states. Given hourly traffic counts on a subset of links, the set of coefficients for each hour is determined by combining the equilibrium assignment model with a multiple linear regression. The result is a practical model for forecasting the traffic volumes and speeds on the entire network for each hour of the day. The model was successfully applied to the city of Basel, Switzerland, using a network of 330 traffic zones, 2200 street links and 220 countposts with hourly counts.


In terms of the future development of the mechanization and automation of the agricultural production, the transition from the narrow-gauge towing tractor to the wide-span (gantry) traction and power unit, also called the agricultural gantry system, seems to be a promising trend. For the purpose of combining implements with the agricultural gantry system with the use of a manifold power take-off system, it is necessary to undertake theoretical research into such power units with regard to their suitability for their functional purpose. The aim of the investigations was to analyze the laws governing the effect that the parameters and operation conditions of agricultural gantry systems have on their power balances and at the same time to outline the principal trends for the development of the theory of such machines with that aim in view. As a result of the investigations, it has been established that the power intensity rate of such agricultural gantry systems travelling at working speeds within a range of 10 km·h is equal to 23.5 kW·t. Also, the agricultural gantry system is capable of producing a traction force of 6.37 kN·t of its operating mass provided that a sufficient grip of its undercarriage on the surface of the permanent process track is ensured.


More and more Fertilizer be used with the development of agriculture.There are many problems with fertilizers long-term,excessive application.There were four aspects summarized in the paper,such as the harm to soil,to produce quality influence,pollution to the environment and other problems for the harm of Fertilizer for unreasonable application.The reasons for unreasonable application of fertilizer be explored and the solutions was bedevised.


The Cuyahoga County Statistical Reports Project (CCSRP) is an effort on the part of the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office to provide widespread access to an extensive public health archive spanning over 70 years. The Statistical Reports (SRs) are an annual summary of death investigation data for metropolitan Cleveland. Launched in 1937, the SRs offer tabulations of data regarding various demographic information pertaining to deaths in the county and analyses by manner of death with a focus on trauma subtypes and expanded toxicological information. Except for a minor interruption from 2007–2010, now remedied, the SRs have been published through 2012. The CCRSP provides the most recent SRs in a searchable format containing electronically linked Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Older SRs have been digitized and are offered in an unsearchable static image format. All reports are available on the county medical examiner website, www.medicalexaminer.cuyahogacounty.us. It is hoped that this archive will serve as a valuable resource for those interested in public health, especially lethal injury and other mortality trends over time.


The performance evaluation process is used to conduct an objective assessment of the performance and the effectiveness of the employees, the compliance with the organizational values and hierarchy and the achevement of the standards of the organization. The employee performance evaluation is an exceptionally important segment in healthcare organizations. The managers (directors) of the healthcare organizations have to recognize the employees that efficiently complete their tasks, detect the need and the type of training necessary to improve their performance and adequately reward the most prominent employees. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, the subject of research in this papers is precisely the analysis of the performance appraisal of the employees, as a process that should help obtaining a clear picture of how successfully the tasks of a given position are performed and how much they contribute to achieving the strategic goals of the organization. Hence arisesthe problem of this research, which is the absence of a quality system for evaluation and assessment of the performance of the healthcare workers. Two research goals have been pursued, both scientific and practical. The scientific goal of the research is to provide quality performance evaluation of the healthcare workers, which leads to faster development of the organization and sustainable efficiency of the market, whereas the practical goal of the research is to utilize the obtained results in the creation of an efficient system for evaluating the performance of the healthcare workers who will integrate the quality work standards, thereby improving the motivation and the quality of work. The relevance of the topic will be explored and proven by defining a hypothesis that reads: If a health care organization adopts a quality system for evaluating the work of its healthcare workers, then the healthcare employees will strengthen their skills which will lead to increased motivation and work quality. To prove the hypothesis, an empirical research was conducted using a standardized instrument, i.e. a questionnaire containing 10 statements and a Likert scale: strongly agree, partly agree and disagree. The questionnaires contained closed-ended questions whereby the respondents could choose one of the answers offered. The survey was conducted in 2 private healthcare organizations in December 2017. The representative sample includes 73 doctors and 27 nurses/orderlies. In the process of analyzing the findings of the research, a deductive method, comparison method and a method of objectivity and relevance were applied. In the conclusion of the papers, on the basis of the obtained results, guidelines will be proposed for improvement and implementation of a quality performance evaluation system in the private and public health care.


Titanium nitride(TiNx) thin films were prepared on Si substrates by DC reactive magnetron sputtering.The influence of N2 flow rate on the crystal orientation,the surface topography and conductivity of TiNx thin films were investigated.It is shown that the main component of the TiNx thin films is tetragonal Ti2N with(110) preferred orientation.When the flow rate of N2 increases,the thickness of the thin film increases gradually,while its surface roughness and grain size reduce,and the resistivity of the TiNx thin films decreases firstly and then increase gradually.


"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood."
Martin Luthe ...


Having undergone a radical political transformation from apartheid to democracy, South Africa is commonly seen as having one of the most intriguing transformation stories in the world. Furthermore, it is often suggested that the aftershock of apartheid has forced many individuals to the periphery of society. The homeless form part of those burdened by the past and as a result are often confronted by adversity. Existing literature as well as various victimological perspectives indicate that the homeless are prone to high rates of violence and victimisation. As a result of their exposure and high levels of vulnerability, the homeless often find themselves


The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) first appeared in 1975 having been developed as a screening tool for patients with dementia and psychiatric disorders in an inpatient setting.1 Folstein and colleagues did not envisage the global domination that this simple clinical tool would achieve. They clearly state in their seminal paper that 'the MMS cannot be expected to replace a complete clinical appraisal in reaching a final diagnosis in any individual patient'. But, as frequently happens, this major caveat was quickly forgotten, and, over the course of the next 40 years, this brief 30-item examination gained immense fame among clinicians as a quick and easy method to diagnose dementia. The MMSE is strongly influenced by non-cognitive domains; it does not reliably translate across cultures, as the results are likely to be confounded by language, levels of literacy, and cultural and ethical norms. Despite this, the MMSE has been …


Abstract. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in 3607 men from the Reykjavik study of 1979‐81. Of these, 452 men had an abnormal (group A) and 3155 a normal electrocardiogram. An echocardiographic control group of 128 men was selected from cohorts with a normal electrocardiogram (group B). Until 1987, 189 deaths had occurred, 59 from group A and 130 from cohorts with a normal ECG including 4 from group B. To identify subjects with HCM, survivors of groups A and B were examined by echocardiography and by review of all autopsy data and death certificates. HCM was found in 14 subjects from group A but none in group B. Two additional cases were found at autopsy in cohorts with a normal ECG.


The Armenian Demographic and Health Survey 2000 collected information from women and men on HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections such as syphilis gonorrhea and chlamydia which are known to be important predisposing factors for HIV epidemics. This chapter summarizes information on knowledge perceptions and behaviors at the national level and within geographic and socioeconomic subgroups of the population. (excerpt)


Abstract The power of general education curriculum comes from the enduring classics. The authors apply research methods such as questionnaire survey, interview, and observation to investigate the state of general education curriculum implementation at N University and analyze problems faced by incorporating classics. Based on this, the authors propose that universities should rationally review the practical value of "classics" in general education and enhance the effective integration of classics into general education curriculum by improve the texts for teaching, instruction methods, teaching personnel, and assessment modes, to achieve general education's objective of cultivating the "whole person."


At the beginning of the 2017 school year, Superintendent Dr. Alicia Thompson sought to fix the behavior problem that had begun to spiral out of control within the Wichita Public School system. To counteract this problem, Dr. Thompson sought to introduce a new discipline policy for the district. These new policies would focus on encouraging students to use soft skills to understand their behavior, cut back on rulings of detention and out of school suspension, and provide teachers with training that promoted cultural inclusion to create a safe space for students from all backgrounds. 40 comments in total were collected from two local online news sources, and were coded to fit into categories based on the content within the comment. This research looks at how comments on local online news sources address the changing policies, and how they propose to fix the discipline problems within the Wichita Public Schools. The themes and implications from the comments will be discussed throughout this study.


Partial discharge (PD) on low-voltage motors was not recognised as a potential issue until recently. Evolving converter technology has challenged the limit of LV insulation systems. Possible reliability issues have been recognised due to PDs, especially for inter-turn insulation. PD is related to the extension of standard 415V insulation systems to PWM inverter fed applications on 415V and 690V systems. The problem is exacerbated in inverter systems without dv/dt filters and run through long cables. This paper investigates the possibility of measuring PDs for such applications and aims to develop a practical insulation assessment methodology based on the IEC-TS 60034-18-41 proposal.


In this paper, the Real World Design Challenge (RWDC) competition is discussed in detail. This paper highlights the need, history, and approach taken for the design of the challenge. The authors discuss how this challenge promotes Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and provides opportunities for high school students to acquire knowledge and experience beyond their traditional curriculum. The challenge is based around a real world problem. Students are asked to work in teams to find feasible solutions for the identified problem. The process for developing the challenge, student engagement, learning opportunities, student evaluations, publicity and recruitment efforts, design objective and timeline, and assessment metrics are some of the topics discussed. In this paper, the lessons learned from developing and running the challenge are also addressed.


Two instruments, the gamma-ray spectrometer and the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, are uniquely suited to the chemical mapping of planetary surfaces from orbit. Through their detection of characteristic line spectra they measure the concentrations of a suite of elements in each area overflown. Multielement chemical maps derived from these remote measurements are used in the construction of evolutionary models of planetary bodies and of the solar system as a whole. The NaI(T1) gamma-ray spectrometer and a gas proportional X-ray spectrometer were flown over 20 percent of the lunar surface during the Apollo 15 and 16 missions. These instruments measured chemical differences across the boundaries of known lunar provinces and revealed several new features of lunar-surface composition. Advanced spectrometers which are under development for future missions are able to educe much more information in a given time span than the Apollo instruments. They may be used in possible future missions such as Lunar Polar Orbiter, a Mars orbiter, a Mercury orbiter, outer planet satellite missions, rendezvous with asteroids and cometary nuclei, and surface-penetrating planetary probes.


Abstract Drug addiction is a chronic, recurrent disease of the central nervous system that leads to the development of comorbidities and premature death. Despite extensive scientific research concerning addiction, no effective method of addiction pharmacotherapy has been known so far. Glucagon-like peptide 1 has been suggested to play a role in the rewarding effect of addictive drugs. Linagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that suppresses the rapid degradation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1. In clinical practice, it is used as an antidiabetic drug, but recent studies have confirmed its role in the activity of the central nervous system. This pilot study was conducted to ascertain whether linagliptin might influence morphine dependence – a locomotor activity test was carried out to assess the intensity of morphine withdrawal symptom. The obtained results clearly confirmed that linagliptin (0.01 and 0.1 mM) reduced the locomotor activity in morphine-dependent larval zebrafish. The undertaken experiments clearly indicates that linagliptin is involved in the addictive effects of morphine, thus, further studies on higher organisms should be carried out.


The principle promoted by copyleft is to eliminate economic rights but still carry moral rights in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Because some people's assumptions about monopoly and capitalism that appear in IPR are due to the existence of economic rights which then seem to eliminate their social functions. Law Number 19 of 2002 concerning Copyright explicitly explains social functions, but even then it is still limited to education, research, and for law enforcement. If it doesn't fall into that category, then paying royalties is a must. Therefore, with the copyleft system, it must be utilized as much as possible, because basically this copyleft does not violate the concept of copyright. This is because in one copyrighted work that has been copied, there is already a copyright, but in the copyright, a distribution provision is added, as a legal tool that gives everyone the right to use, modify, and redistribute the copyrighted work or its derivatives.


fundamental problem in reforming the U.S. health care system is how best to ration limited medical resources among competing beneficial uses. By rationing, I mean implicit or explicit denial of medical care that has some demonstrable benefit, out of consideration for its cost. This axiomatic statement of the problem assumes the necessity of rationing, which some policy analysts continue to dispute, but I take it as a fundamental law of the psychology of human wants that rationing in some form is inevitable. Every spending decision is necessarily a rationing decision (in the economist's meaning of the term) simply because resources devoted to one person or one use are not available for someone or something else. Currently, we ration health care on a massive scale, only according to irrational and morally corrupt principles by denying it to those unfortunate individuals who lack insurance because they don't have a good job or whose level of poverty has not yet fallen to the desperate level required for Medicaid eligibility. In searching for a more acceptable form of rationing, we are plagued by two basic questions: who should decide what care is not worth the costs, and according to what criteria of benefit? The substantive criteria problem is the one that has received the most attention to date in the philosophical literature. Thus, numerous volumes have been written on questions such as whether the short supply of transplantable organs (hearts, kidneys, livers, etc.) should be distributed based on simple queue or lottery systems or instead based on elaborate concepts of medical need or medical benefit, and whether social worth factors can be prevented from tainting these concepts. These are tremendously important questions deserving of continuing inquiry, but they avoid what I see as the more fundamental issue: who should be the rationing decisionmaker? This question is more basic since


This study used content analysis to review the social media marketing strategies of the organic food industry. The results reveal which social media channels are being used and which social media marketing strategies are being used. Qualitative techniques were used to generate a pool of eight organic companies. The social media channels used were highlighted by Chanthinok, Ussahawanitichakit, and Jhundra-indra (2015) as those used by frequency and the ability of the application to achieve the desired marketing goal. The marketing strategies assessed were categorized first as transformational or informational and then further subcategorized by the way it is perceived by the consumer. This study confirmed the greater use of transformational messaging by the organic food industry. Table of


I argue that the epicurean view that death is nothing to us is not refuted by the deprivation theory of death's badness. I also argue that, even if we allow that death harms the one who dies, Epicurus's main points about death stand. finally, I suggest that what is really at issue in this debate is not so much the proper attitude towards death as the proper attitude towards life.


"This paper uses an autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration to examine the short- and long-run effects of exchange rate changes on bilateral trade of agricultural products between the United States and its 10 major trading partners. Results show that, in the long run, while U.S. agricultural exports are highly sensitive to bilateral exchange rates and foreign income, U.S. agricultural imports are mostly responsive to the U.S. domestic income. In the short run, on the other hand, both the bilateral exchange rates and income in the United States and its trading partners are found to have significant impacts on U.S. agricultural exports and imports." Copyright (c) 2009 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.


The taxation system of India comprises of Direct Tax and Indirect Tax. Direct tax is levied on income and indirect tax is levied on products and services. Goods and Services Tax is an indirect tax implemented from1st July 2017 with the slogan of "One Nation One Tax". GST is a single uniform indirect tax imposed on supply of goods and services. GST eliminates the cascading effect, as it is collected at multiple stages but only the value-added part. Tax payable is a contribution, not the fine, mandatory paid by citizens from the earned income and wealth for the public welfare and to boost the economy. This study is conducted to make readers understand the concept of Goods and Services tax and to highlight the feature of GST. The study gives a clear picture of the notion of GST with the help of examples. A healthy amount of literature is reviewed.


BACKGROUND
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive neoplasm in dogs, and in most instances, the disease is localized, but not amenable to surgical removal, or is disseminated. Affected patients usually die within 6 months. There have been no prospective studies to determine efficacy of single-agent chemotherapy in dogs with HS.

HYPOTHESIS
Single-agent CCNU [1-(2-chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; lomustine] has antitumor activity against HS in dogs.

ANIMALS
Twenty-one dogs with histologically confirmed, nonresectable localized or disseminated HS.

METHODS
Prospective, open-label phase II clinical trial in which dogs with previously untreated HS were uniformly treated with CCNU as a single oral dosage of 90 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was reduction in tumor size.

RESULTS
Fourteen dogs with disseminated HS and 7 with localized HS were enrolled between 1999 and 2008. Overall response rate was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14–50%) for a median of 96 days (95% CI, 55–137 days). Three dogs (1 disseminated, 2 localized) had complete responses lasting for 54–269 days and 3 dogs (2 disseminated, 1 localized) had partial responses lasting for 78–112 days.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
CCNU, when used as a single agent, has activity against HS in dogs. Evaluation of CCNU postoperatively for dogs with resectable localized HS and as part of combination therapy for tumors that are nonresectable or disseminated should be considered.


An experiment was performed to assess physical and chemical properties of ten major muscles of Arabian one‐humped camel. Eight young (8‐10 months) Saudi Najdi camels were used for this purpose. The animals were raised under similar feeding regimen and husbandry practices for 60 days. After that, they were slaughtered, dressed and kept for 24 hrs at 4º C. Then, each carcass was split into two halves and twelve major muscles were removed from the right side of the carcass. These are Semitendinosus, Rectus femoris, Biceps femoris, Infraspinatus, Gluteus medius, Semimembranosus, Supraspinatus, Psoas major, Longissimus lumborum and Longissimus thoracis. The separated muscles were cut into steaks of 2.5 cm, packaged under vacuum and stored at – 10º C for later analysis. These included pH, color, cooking loss (CL), shear force (SF), and myofibril fragmentation index (MFI). The results showed that Psoas major and Supraspinatus had the lowest SF values (P< 0.05), while Semitendonosus had the highest value. Gluteus medius and Longissimus thoracis obtained the highest MFI values (P< 0.05), contrary, Rectus femoris had the lowest value. It is observed that Semitendonosus and Longissimus thoracis had the highest lightness value (L*), whereas Infraspinatus had the lowest. On the other hand, Semitendonosus and Supraspinatus had the highest numerical redness value (a*), while Rectus femoris had the lowest value. The results obtained out of this study shed light on the variation in some chemical and physical properties of camel muscles which in turn lay a basis for further investigations to improve quality characteristics of camel meat.


The technical data from contemporary excellent male and female triple jumpers was compaired and analyzed in this paper.The technical characteristics and the developing tendency as well as the training emphasisof womens triple jump were expounded from the viewpoint of the author.


This project is focused on modeling the internal flow in centrifugal compressors for the purpose of assessing the onset of rotating stall and surge. The current methods to determine centrifugal compressor stability limits are based on empirical data and often, experiments. Unsteady full wheel simulations have become feasible due to the increase in computation power but the prediction of the stability limit still remains a challenge. The presented methodology is based on the idea of body forces and a blade passage model suitable for centrifugal compressors is derived. Previous work has shown that blade passage models are capable of capturing the response to inlet flow distortions and the onset of instability in axial compressors. In this thesis, a blade passage model is developed for centrifugal compressors with the goal of capturing the three-dimensional through-flow computed by steady RANS simulations. The model consists of three main elements, a normal force model, a viscous parallel force model, and a blade metal blockage model. The work demonstrates the model's capabilities on a radial impeller with prismatic blades where the total-to-static pressure rise coefficient and stage loading coefficient are in agreement with RANS calculations within 6.75% and 5%, respectively. While the model definition is shown to be consistent with other blade passage models for axial compressors, its application to a transonic axial compressor rotor and a high-speed centrifugal compressor stage revealed numerical convergence problems. It is thought that the model derivation and definition are sound and that these issues are due to implementation errors. The methodology and related modeling process are investigated step by step for three-dimensional blade geometries and, where applicable, verified with direct numerical calculation. The model limitations and potential implementation error are discussed at length so as to guide future work required to complete the demonstration of this blade passage model for axial and centrifugal compressors with three-dimensional blade shapes. Thesis Supervisor: Zoltán S. Spakovszky Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics


The high-speed characteristics and off characteristics of a novel transistor with a hot-electron launcher and a transit layer of an intrinsic semiconductor whose current is controlled by an insulated gate are evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. The dependences of the cutoff frequency fT on the gate insulator thickness, collector bias voltage, gate length and transit layer length are clarified. For the optimum structure consisting of InP/InGaAs/W as the emitter/transit layer/collector, Au as the gate and bisbenzocyclobutene (BCB) as the gate insulator and the surrounding material, fT is 1.4 THz at the collector current density of 1.6 MA/cm2. The collector current can be controlled over four orders of magnitude by a gate voltage swing of 0.6 V. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A system was developed to estimate grass chemical composition values at the field level. Six important grass chemical compositions were estimated using a sensing system with a hyperspectral imaging sensor mounted on a tractor. Calibration models were obtained by using multiple linear regression, and accuracy was evaluated with three statistical analysis methods. These methods were the standard error of cross validation (SECV), the coefficient of determination, and the Bias used by cross-validation. The calibration models were evaluated the evaluation index (El). Results indicated good potential for the sensing system to estimate grass chemical composition. [Keywords] hyper-spectral imaging sensor, remote sensing, grass , chemical composition values, multipleliner regression, evaluation index


This paper presents a rigorous study on the static and dynamic behavior of beams affected by cracks. The theory of distributions developed by Laurent Schwartz1 is adopted as it is particularly suitable for the treatment of discontinuities in functions for the deflection and derivatives of the beam. Thus, this paper presents a contribution towards the understanding and application of the theory of distributions to the static and dynamic behavior of structural elements affected by cracks. A simple, computationally efficient and accurate algorithm is developed for the problems of concern. Numerical results are presented for beams with two cracks. The algorithms developed for beams with discontinuities are obtained in a rigorous framework for static and vibration problems.


A key skill for social robots is the ability to communicate their inner state to humans. In this paper, we explore abstracted robot-specific ways of interaction as an alternative to human-like or animal-like social cues. In particular, we present a sound system as a novel modality that extends a robot's ability for non-verbal communication. Unlike prior work which used pre-recorded audio samples to this end, we propose a flexible architecture with a generalized sound synthesizer that uses the principle of modulation to shape the sound in real-time by external and internal stimuli from the robot or the interaction. This allows for almost unlimited possibilities in the design of an expressive auditory social cue for human-robot interaction. We instantiate the architecture and report on example design choices for the sound synthesis principle, the real-time synthesizer, the sound modulation routings, and a sound sequence composer. We then demonstrate the system's ability for affect communication of primary and secondary emotions on a social robot.


This article examines the nature of the 'debate' that occurred in the televised leaders' debates during the 2005 New Zealand election campaign. It argues that the theories of language and dialogue of the Bakhtin Circle of scholars can effectively inform evaluations of such debates. Such theories acknowledge the inherent contestability of language, the necessarily embodied nature of communication and the constitutive functions of the particular contexts of communication acts. The article also argues that the dialogical basis of political debate needs to be located in the contexts of contemporary mediated culture and information dissemination. Successful political performance in televised leaders' debates is said to reside in the negotiation of a range of discourses, expressions of conflict and consensus, style and substance.


This report has been reviewed by the Chelsea Center for Recycling and Economic Development and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Chelsea Center, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. was created by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1995 to create jobs, support recycling efforts, and help the economy and the environment by increasing the use of recyclables by manufacturers. The mission of the Chelsea Center is to develop an infrastructure for a sustainable materials economy in Massachusetts, where businesses will thrive that rely on locally discarded goods as their feedstock and that minimize pressure on the environment by reducing waste, pollution, dependence on virgin materials, and dependence on disposal facilities. Further information can be obtained by writing


The present invention provides a capacitive input device and an electro-optical apparatus with an input function. The capacitive input device includes: an input device substrate having a position detection electrode on a second surface side which is reverse to a first surface side on which an input operation is performed; and a shielding film which has a shield electrode layer on a base film and is adhered to the second surface side of the input device substrate by an adhesive layer.


• Background and Aims: Soil acidity currently limits root growth and crop production in many regions whilst climate changes raise many uncertainties regarding future food supply. 24 However, it is unknown how elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) affects the performance of wheat crops in acid soils under field conditions. We investigated the effects of eCO 2 on plant growth and 26 yield of three pairs of near-isogenic hexaploid wheat lines differing in alleles of aluminium-resistant genes- TaALMT1 (conferring root malate efflux) and TaMATE1B (conferring citrate 28 efflux). Growth parameters and grain yields were measured. 32 2 increased grain yield 34 2 promoted tiller formation, root length lines carrying TaMATE1B , it did not ear number, the yield 36 potential. By eCO 2 decreased or did not lines TaALMT1 , allocation to grains resulting in grain yield. 38 Despite TaMATE1B is less effective than TaALMT1 at conferring Al 3+ resistance based on root growth, the gene promoted grain yield to a similar level to TaALMT1 when grown in the 40 acid soil. Furthermore, TaALMT1 and TaMATE1B were not additive in their effects.


We evaluate a large number of measures used in the statistical and nonlinear analysis of EEG as to their power in discriminating different preictal states. Some new measures are proposed and the analysis involves also feature time series, such as local minima and maxima, the time between them, as well as interspike intervals. The measures are computed on consecutive non-overlapping segments of 30 s of multichannel scalp EEG at the preictal period of several hours. The discrimination power of each measure is assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve computed on measure values grouped in different preictal stages. The results on 7 epileptic EEG records show that simple measures have the same, and at cases better, power in discriminating preictal states than other more sophisticated measures.


It's scientifically proven. Our unconscious speaks to us and gives us ideas. Our unconscious is the part of our mind that thinks without telling us alone. Thus, when our mind rests, the unconscious thinks and then tells us, according to and for our truth's research. First of all, the mind must be rested, in order to use its unconscious. Indeed, the world of the early 21st century is full of transgressions, leading to short-way desire. This short-way desire turns our mind into a circle, (...)


The published theory of plasticity in soil is established in such a framework that the hardening modulus h vanishes when the volumetric compressive strain rate ep is zero. In general, soil shows dilatancy under relatively low pressure, where h is negative. This is called strain softening. On the other hand, it is proved theoretically that plastic instability arises at h=0. However, at epl0 plastic instability has not been generally observed in reality. We have developed a modified theory of plasticity in soil where the hardening properties of soil are made consistent with the expanding characteristics of the yield surface. As a result, the phenomenon of strain softening is eliminated in the theory. The velocity gradient is discontinuous on the necking plane forming a boundary between the shear band and its exteriors. On the other hand, a characteristic plane is the one beyond which solutions cannot be extended without additional information, because some of the derivatives normal to the plane cannot be determined using their governing equations alone. Therefore, on the characteristic plane, some derivatives of stress rates become indefinite and such a property must also be required for the necking plane. We examine the mode of the characteristic plane in a simple cap model. There are two modes, P and O. Mode O corresponds to the shear band mode arising in a plane strain compression test. Good agreement is obtained between the theory and the experiment by Vardoulakis when taking about 40 degree as the inclination angle in the Mohr-Coulomb criterion.


Summary. This paper describes four researches designed to test the substance of some of Piaget's schemata for the mental development of children. The first two investigations are concerned with haptic perception and spatial relationships in drawing, the third is devoted to the child's logical judgments, and the fourth to his moral judgments. Large numbers of children were put in Piaget's situations, the numbers ranging from thirty-two to sixty. The reliability of the judges' interpretation of the children's responses was measured in three of the inquiries by obtaining two independent sets of judgments and correlating the results. The validity of Piaget's schemata was assessed by comparing the development of the children's thinking and perception with the criteria of chronological age, mental age, and the total score giving each child's overall level of perception and thinking. This was done by adapting Guttman's technique to this problem. Some high reliabilities and validities were found and, in general, Piaget's conclusions were substantiated. A short discussion of the educational implications of Piaget's work concludes the article.