Thermally stimulated current (TSC) was used to study molecular relaxations in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Unstretched PET film, which was used as a model for the bottle preform, exhibited two peaks at 77 and 90°C that correspond to the α and ρ relaxation processes, respectively. The bottles exhibited only the ρ relaxation, which is located within the temperature range for blow molding PET bottles. The α peak is associated with the main glass transition temperature (T g ) and the ρ peak may be associated with a second T g . The second T g is attributed to a constrained state, which shows dipolar behavior. Heat-shrinkage behavior was examined at 90°C. The maximum TSC (I m ) of the ρ peak decreased with increasing heat set temperature, and with decreasing shrinkage. Bottles blown at 113°C showed a lower I m and shrinkage than those blown at 103°C for equivalent heat set temperatures. The higher blowing temperature allowed a higher stretch speed that produced higher crystallinity bottles with self-heat generation during rapid deformation. A relationship between the shrinkage mechanism and the dipole relaxation was proposed.


A design of cleaning robot system using PIC24F as central control unit is described.We migrate the real-time operating system uC/OS-Ⅱin our system,which manages the resource of the system.The method of path planning in the robot is based on the static environmental modal and spiral track.The experimental result shows the system structure is simple and reliable,and the system can work in large space effectively.


A honeycombed porous ceramic having a high thermal conductivity and an ultralow expansion coefficient relates to the technical field of the silicate industry. The ceramic having a low even negative thermal expansion coefficient and a high thermal conductivity is obtained through treating a rare earth mixture, potassium phosphotungstate, zirconium oxide and amorphous quartz particles as a sintering aid, and expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity adjustment agents, and the ceramic has a high-orientation sheet iolite structure and has a good catalyst coating performance and good mechanical strengths; and ethylene oxide having different molecular weights are adopted as a ceramic molding binder, rapeseed oil or peanut oil is treated as a primary molding lubrication agent, a paste goes through a high-pressure extruder orientation extruding channel, a crystal orientation carding die and a honeycombed porous die to obtain a green body having high-orientation arranged crystals, and a special sintering curve is adopted to obtain the ceramic. The above whole ceramic preparation process flow and the above formula are economic, stable and environmentally-friendly.


Structural hemoglobin (Hb) variants are typically based on a point mutation in a globin gene that produces a single amino acid substitution in a globin chain. Although most of these are of limited clinical significance because they are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, diagnosis may be important for genetic counseling. In this paper we describe the first Italian case of Hb Toulon [a77(EF6)Pro!His], and report the analysis of the variant peptide sequences by electrospray ionization mass-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS=MS). The patient, a 59-year-old woman of Northern Italian descent, suffered from multiple benign pathologies, and venous thrombosis. She was obese and reported to have diabetic brothers. No significantly abnormal data resulted from routine clinical chemistry and hematology tests: Hb 13.1 g=dL; RBC 4.3610=L; MCV 91 fL; WBC 7.9610=L. Because of obesity and familial diabetes, glycohemoglobin (Hb A1c) measurement was ordered. By ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay (L-9100; Hitachi, Maidenhead, Kent, UK) using a 3-minute program, the Hb A1c was 3.0% (a rather low value); no additional peak was evident in the short chromatogram, but a marked abnormality of the baseline was shown. Whole blood HPLC analysis with a variant Hb dedicated program


Digital health research is an emerging discipline that requires easy-to-understand theoretical frameworks and implementation models for digital health providers in health and social care settings. The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the demand for digital health discipline-specific instruction on how to manage evidence-based digital health transformation. Access to the use of these models guarantees that digital health providers can investigate phenomena using safe and suitable approaches and methods to conduct research and identify answers to challenges and problems that arise in health and social care settings. The COMPASS theory is designed to aid transformation of health and social care environments. A navigational rose of primary quadrants is divided by four main compass points, with person-centred care being central to the philosophy. Two axes produce Cartesian planes that intersect to form a box plot, which can be used to discover human and physical resource weightings to augment digital health research design and implementation. A third continuum highlights stakeholders' capabilities, which are critical for any multidisciplinary study. The COMPASS mnemonic guides end users through the process of design, development, implementation, evaluation, and communication of digital health transformations. The theory's foundations are presented and explained in context of the 'new normal' of health and social care delivery.


This article considers how behavioral public choice theory can evolve and apply to U.S. national security, transnational security, and human rights fields. It draws upon the processes by which CIA, Defense Department, and other the Bush-Cheney administration officials implemented a new global detention-interrogation program during the Global War on Terror using techniques that violated the transnational law of torture and longstanding U.S. policy. With a focus on recent scholarly work by Paul Slovic and Cass Sunstein, the article recommends opportunities to study and improve decision making processes and the roles that attorneys play in U.S. national security communities. Leadership and ethics are identified as fields for future interdisciplinary work and attention by government organizations.


The aim of the present study was to analyse the progression of the topic Pollution along the 12 years of Portuguese primary and secondary school, since the 1 year (5/6 years old) up to the 12 school year (16/17 years old), giving special attention to "Impact on humankind", "Economic consequences", "Social risks", "Aesthetic values" and "Ethic, moral and cultural motivations". Results showed that textbooks highlight the planet as a resource for humankind instead of a planet as a resource shared with other living beings. Moreover they give emphasis to the negative impact of Pollution in the ecosystems and humankind rather than point out the problems and how to solve them in order to contribute to a sustainable environment.


Objectives. This analysis was carried out in order to define the therapeutic effectiveness, costs, and profitability of treatment with peginterferon alpha−2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection compared with treatment with interferon alpha−2b plus ribavirin or lack of treatment. Material and Methods. A cohort of 743 HCV−infected patients treated in authors' Department were analyzed. Cal− culations of the effects and costs of applying a combined treatment with IFN−alpha−2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C were based on the assumptions of an economic analysis presented in the computer pro− gram "Spears Hepatitis C" using a Markov decision model. The cost analysis was carried out from the extended point of view of the payer (National Health Service, National Health Fund, and the patient) for a time−span equal to the average period of the clinical trials included in this analysis (48 weeks) and based on data concerning the ef− fectiveness of the frequency of salubrious events obtained from clinical trials. Results. It was demonstrated that treating patients with chronic hepatitis C with peginterferon + ribavirin in a weight−based dose is more efficient and cost effective than interferon + ribavirin therapy. The cost of PEG + RBV treatment (regardless of the ribavirin dose) for a 70−kg patient amounts to 40,534.27 PLN in the category of FULL costs, 32,236.71 PLN ACTUAL costs, 28,094.76 PLN STOP costs, and 23,700.12 PLN STOP 2/3 costs. The ef− fectiveness analysis on the basis of a single clinical trial showed that undergoing therapy with peginterferon alpha− 2b plus ribavirin causes a prolongation of the patient's life by at least 0.12 years (maximum: 0.70 years) compa− red with treatment with interferon alpha−2b plus ribavirin. Compared with lack of treatment, PEG + RBV therapy resulted in a prolongation of life from 1.84 to 4.03 years. Conclusions. Treatment with pegylated interferon alpha−2b plus ribavirin is more effective and profitable than treatment with interferon alpha−2b plus ribavirin, regardless of the ribavirin dose, irrespective of the HCV geno− type with which the patient is infected (Adv Clin Exp Med 2006, 15, 3, 453–462).


T. S. ELIOT'S quest for certitude has led him from delighting aesthetes to engaging the attention of common men in his currently popular play, T h e Cocktail Party. Notwithstanding its success on Broadway, this play offers two levels of interest. In addition to the sensational devices which arouse interest among theater-goers, there are serious ideas in the dialogue of The Cocktail Party, although these ideas are perceived by only two or three of the characters in the play. The majority of the characters, like the majority of the audience, are not thinking persons, but escapists intent upon entertainment. This essay seeks to answer the question: Does Eliot find Christian answers to the present human predicament? Yet one must be wary of the implications in this play lest one ascribe significance beyond the author's intent. Although the actors speak the verse idiom as if it were prose dialogue, a reading of the text gives reassurance that the imagery and rhythms sensed in the theater are significant of Eliot's serious purpose, expressed some years ago, of writing a play which would entertain an audience and also interest thinkers. On the stage excellent acting compensates for Eliot's deficiency in playwriting. Reviewers of the printed play have joined with the reviewers of the stage production in confusing theatrical devices with symbols of ideas. The fault is Eliot's, though it is perhaps fair to say that the reviewers may question their own interest in religious thought rather than Eliot's sincerity. But the reviewers' annoyance with Eliot's willful ambiguity, his puckish wit one moment and high seriousness the next, certainly is understandable. For though Celia Coplestone experiences an awakening and seeks to "atone" for her sin by going on a religious mission, and later her death is described with the word "crucified," Eliot does not tell us enough about this experience for us to be certain that she was a kind of "saint." The sensual and materialistic characters in his play, furthermore, do not appreciate her sacrifice. Indeed, they seem more concerned with the


Two new series of dihydroisoxazoline-alkyl carbon chain hybrid artemisinin analogues (artemalogs) were designed and synthesized though a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Subsequent pharmacological screening led to several compounds having dramatically improved antiproliferative effects against several human tumor cell lines compared to artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin. Mechanistic studies on the most potent artemalogs were investigated.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder and characterized by hyperglycemia and disorders of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Diabetes mellitus patients, the pattern of treatment carried out, and appropriate anti diabetic in terms of cost and effectiveness aspects at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital Samarinda. The study was conducted retrospectively on medical record records. The results of 115 Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences Analisis Efektivitas Biaya dan Minimal Biaya Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Tahun


Defining a problem is in itself problematic. Appropriate responses to the perceived problem involve the recognition of its nature and scope. 'Official' Home Office data and ministerial statements indicate that drug abuse and unprotected anal intercourse are not considered to be major problems in the prisons of England and Wales. 'Unofficial' information regarding these high risk activities leads to a contrary conclusion. Lack of adequate 'official' information suppresses the required recognition of and response to HIVIAIDS and thereby places prisoners at greater risk of infection.


This guide contains all the Library content for the Research Module for Human and Health Sciences students this page gives details of some resources that you may find useful


Adjusted Winner (AW), a dispute-resolution procedure applicable to two-party negotiations over the division of multiple items, is described and applied to divorce cases. AW involves the parties' allocating 100 points over the items to be divided, with a referee or mediator assigning them to each party after an "equitability adjustment," which may involve splitting or sharing one item. AW can reduce posturing in disputes and lead to a more satisfying outcome for both parties. AW leaves lawyers and mediators with important roles to play in advising their clients on how best to use the procedure.


The Sequence IIIG is a newly developed 100 hour test used to evaluate the performance of crankcase engine oils in the areas of high temperature viscosity increase, wear, deposits, pumpability, and ring sticking for the North American GF-4 standard. Data from the ASTM Precision Matrix, completed in the spring of 2003, along with early reference data from the Lubricant Test Monitoring System (LTMS) showed unexpected test results for selected oils and indicated that percent viscosity increase and pumpability were highly correlated with oil consumption. This correlation led to an intensive study of the factors that influence oil consumption and an attempt to compensate for non-oil related oil consumption through a model based adjustment of the results. The study and scrutiny of the IIIG data has led to more uniform oil consumption in the test and improved test precision, and has eliminated the need for a correction equation based on non-oil related oil consumption. While the adoption of a bias correction should not routinely substitute for quality root cause analysis, it can be a temporary practical solution that leads to reduced variability of a test, and therefore to better performance evaluation of the oil. The objective of this paper is to document the statistical methodology and the progress made during the IIIG development with respect to the application of a bias correction to reduce test variability. In the future, if similar problems arise, the paper may be used as a guide and facilitator for discussion towards possible expedient and practical solutions.


Electron beam focusing system theories are widely applied.In order to control the moving trace of electron beam and make it focus object effectivelly,the existence of positive periodic solution is studied based on the electron beam focusing system model.The sufficient condition and the region of the existence of at least a periodic solution for the model is found by using Krasnoselekii fixed point theorem in cone,then an example is given.The results show that the limited ranges of coefficient are reasonable and the method of theorem is correct.The previous results is extended and supplemented.


The large amount of data produced by applications in recent years needs to be analyzed in order to extract valuable underlying information from them. Machine learning algorithms are useful tools to perform this task, but usually it is necessary to reduce complexity of data using feature selection algorithms. As usual, many algorithms were proposed to reduce dimension of data, each one with its own advantages and drawbacks. The variety of algorithms leads to either choose one algorithm or to combine several methods. The last option usually brings better performance. Based on this, this paper proposes an analysis of two distinct approaches of combining feature selection algorithms (decision and data fusion). This analysis was made in supervised classification context using real and synthetic datasets. Results showed that one proposed approach (decision fusion) has achieved the best results for the majority of datasets.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and ruminal parameters of goats fed diets supplemented with vegetable oils. Four rumen-cannulated Saanen goats were allocated to four treatments, which consisted of a control diet and diets with the inclusion of 30 g of canola, sunflower, or soybean oils per kilogram of diet dry matter (DM). The experiment lasted 40 days, which were divided into four 10-day periods. Forage intake was estimated using chromium oxide as an external [...]


This paper presents an algorithm to e ciently carry out data aggregation operations on large disk-based datasets on a parallel machine. This algorithm employs a hypergraph formulation for partitioning the workload among processors. Data aggregation is a common operation executed by applications that explore and analyze very large multi-dimensional scienti c datasets. A data element in these datasets is associated with coordinates in a multi-dimensional attribute space. Depending on the application area, the datasets may include data produced by scienti c simulations and experimental measurements obtained from sensors attached to satellites and microscopes, and from seismic data and tomographic imaging techniques. In many cases, analysis is performed by (1) selecting a subset of the dataset, (2) mapping input data elements to output data elements, and (3) computing or updating the values of an output element by aggregating the values of the input elements that map to the same output element. Mapping between input and output elements is often based on the coordinates in the underlying attribute space(s). Note that an input element may map to multiple output elements, and an output element may be mapped to by multiple input elements. Typical aggre-


The purpose of the study is to design the category of Korean verbal thoughts and to develop the content of a Korean curriculum based on the Korean verbal thoughts. The process of the Korean verbal thoughtsis similar with the understanding of texts and producing them. The content of a Korean curriculum must be organized by the Korean verbal thoughts. The process of the Korean verbal thoughts is critical and constructive process for the texts and meaningful knowledges. I set up a thinking-oriented axis and thinkers' consciousness axis for the standard for the category of thinking. The horizontal axis means factual, reasoning, critical and creative thinking and the vertical axis means basic, complex, meta-cognitive and self-controlled thinking. By integrating the Korean verbal thoughts with the content of Korean education curriculum, Korean educational productivity and significance will become more meaningful.


BACKGROUND
The optimal management of patients with an incidental meningiomas remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the radiologic and neurological outcomes of expectant and SRS management of asymptomatic meningioma patients.

METHODS
Using data from 14 centers across 10 countries, the study compares SRS outcomes to active surveillance of asymptomatic meningiomas. Local tumor control of asymptomatic meningiomas and development of new neurological deficits attributable to the tumor were evaluated in the SRS and conservatively managed groups.

RESULTS
In unmatched cohorts, 727 meningioma patients underwent SRS and were followed for a mean of 57.2 months. In the conservatively managed cohort, 388 patients were followed for a mean of 43.5 months. Tumor control was 99.0% of SRS and 64.2% of conservatively managed patients (p<0.001; OR 56.860 (95%CI 26.253-123.150))). New neurological deficits were 2.5% in the SRS and 2.8% of conservatively managed patients (p=0.764; OR 0.890 (95% CI 0.416-1.904)). After 1:1 propensity matching for patient age, tumor volume, location, and imaging follow-up, tumor control in the SRS and conservatively managed cohorts was 99.4% and 62.1%, respectively (p<0.001; OR 94.461 (95% CI 23.082-386.568)). In matched cohorts, new neurological deficits were noted in 2.3% of SRS treated and 3.2% of conservatively managed patients (p=0.475; OR 0.700 (95% CI 0.263-1.863)).

CONCLUSIONS
SRS affords superior radiologic tumor control compared to active surveillance without increasing the risk of neurological deficits in asymptomatic meningioma patients. While SRS and active surveillance are reasonable options, SRS appears to alter the natural history of asymptomatic meningiomas including tumor progression in the majority of patients treated.


The difficulties of school dropouts are now recognized as reflecting a serious inadequacy in American public education. Cervantes ( I ) ant1 Sofokidis and Sullivan ( 2 ) among others reported that dropouts' dislike for school and their lack of success in school were influential in their decisions to drop out. This study was an investigation of high school dropouts' attitudes toward school. In May, 1966, 109 scudencs in the Concinuation Division of the Milwaukee Vocational Technical and Adult Schools, who had dropped our of high school and returned co school under the Wisconsin Compulsory Attendance Law, completed the Pz~rd t~e High School Attitzide Scale, Fornz A, and the Purdue Scale to ~Mearzrre Attitrtde Totuarcl Any School Subject, For772 A, and judged 17 school related concepts on 18 evaluative bipolar semantic differential scales. Mean IQ was 86 and average reading level was sixth grade for the population from which Ss were taken. Ss had a mean score of 6.36, noc significantly different from 6.00, the indifference score, on the High School Attitude Scale. Negative attitudes were expressed more by white boys than by others, and positive attinldes were expressed by Ss other than whice boys. Mean responses on School Sz~bjects were nonsignificantly negative for Social Studies, English, Science, and Health and nonsignificantly positive for Mathematics. O n the semantic differential scales the concepts, Classroom, Classmates, Writing, Reading, and Reading a Book, were significantly positive; School Buildings, Principal, High School, Grades, Rules were not significantly different from the neutral score; School Subjects, Teachers, Keeping Quiet, School Books, Tests, and Talking in Front of Class were significantly negacive. Negro girls were significantly more positive on all concepts chsn white boys (I; = 15.21, df = 1/32) and white girls tended co have more positive attitudes than white boys. It appears then that dropouts' attitudes are not generally negacive, that whice boys have the most negative attitudes, and Negro girls have the most favorable attitudes.


With the rapid development of social economy, the severe environmental and resource constraints are particularly obvious. In order to further promote the national energy transformation and development and promote the high-quality development of energy, it is necessary to optimize the energy structure, promote the safe and green development and clean and efficient utilization of coal, deepen the reform of electric power market, promote the transformation of energy-saving and ultra net emission of coal-fired power plants, and organize power plants to make a good saving It can solve the problem of comprehensive transformation of emission reduction, innovate technology and equipment, accelerate the transformation and application of new technologies and new achievements, improve the synergistic efficiency of energy conservation and emission reduction of coal-fired power plants, and enhance the profitability and viability of coal-fired power plants. This paper analyzes the management of energy conservation and emission reduction of coal-fired power plants, and seekseffective countermeasures andmeasures for energyconservation and emission reduction, so as to promote coal-fired powerplants to achieve clean, low-carbon, safe and efficientdevelopment goals. 关键词:燃煤电厂;节能减排;分析探讨


In order to obtain the strain with lignin-degrading capability,79 spore-forming bacterial strains were isolated and screened from specimen collected from the vegetable field,animal manure and silage feed.Total 20 strains with lignin-degrading capability were obtained through the primary screening.Among them,a strain named T-8 was found with higher activity of degrading lignin than other strains via the secondary screening,and the activity of lignin peroxidase was 626.67 U/L.The morphology characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence of strain T-8 were further studied.It was finally identified as a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.The similarity of the 16S rDNA sequences between strain T-8 and the other strains of B.amyloliquefaciens was up to 99.91%.


Spirituality and Hope asInfluences onFamily CohesionAmongAfrican AmericanMen by Jennifer J. DeSouza B.A., Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology Walden University November, 2014 Abstract Researchers have found that African American men have a history of difficulty in maintaining family cohesion. Researchers have also found that, in comparison to European American men, African American men are more likely to populate the penal systems, are more abusive to their partners, are less supportive of their children, and are less likely to have stable cohesive relationships. Evidence suggests that African American men draw strength from spirituality and hope, which are the core values of their culture. Drawing from these previous findings, as well as the stages of faith theory, hope theory, and the circumflex model of marital and family systems, this quantitative, non-experimental study examined the roles of spirituality and hope on family cohesion among African American men. The INSPIRIT, the hope scale, and the family cohesion scale were administered to 110 African American men. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that hope mediated a significant relationship between spirituality and family cohesion (p< .05). These findings may inform family-centered programs that facilitate cohesion.Researchers have found that African American men have a history of difficulty in maintaining family cohesion. Researchers have also found that, in comparison to European American men, African American men are more likely to populate the penal systems, are more abusive to their partners, are less supportive of their children, and are less likely to have stable cohesive relationships. Evidence suggests that African American men draw strength from spirituality and hope, which are the core values of their culture. Drawing from these previous findings, as well as the stages of faith theory, hope theory, and the circumflex model of marital and family systems, this quantitative, non-experimental study examined the roles of spirituality and hope on family cohesion among African American men. The INSPIRIT, the hope scale, and the family cohesion scale were administered to 110 African American men. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that hope mediated a significant relationship between spirituality and family cohesion (p< .05). These findings may inform family-centered programs that facilitate cohesion. Spirituality and Hope asInfluences on Family Cohesion AmongAfrican AmericanMen by Jennifer J. DeSouza BA, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 2000 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Clinical Psychology Walden University November, 2014 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my family, especially the males:My hubby Clive DeSouza, who through the struggles of writing this dissertation was there for me in the times of my greatest needs. Thank you dear. Thanks for holding things together as I dedicated my time to writing. My eldest nephew, Leon Lemonias, has been a great support to me,likewise Darrel Edwards, who persistently cheered me along when I felt like giving up. My youngest nephew, Josh Lawrence, helped me to unwind with the little silly things he says to me. My prayer for you continually is that God will bless and keep you in His care and that you will be great Black men as you encounter and overcome the barriers in life. I want you all to succeed in life and be the best that life has to offer. Lastly I would love to dedicate this dissertation to my mother,Lurlene Reid, my twin sister, Beverley Brissett-Lawrence, and my elder sisters, Sharon Doeman and Betty Brown; thanks for your continued support and prayers as I struggled through this ordeal of writing. Thanks for your prayers and your phone calls; I truly appreciated them; they were sources of strength and encouragements. Thank you all. Acknowledgments First and foremost I would like to thank my Heavenly Father for keeping me in my sane mind as I went through the ordeal of writing. I love and appreciate your kindness towards me Lord. I would also like to take the opportunity to thank my family and friends, who have journeyed along with me. This process was long and tedious, but you all stuck in there with me. Thanks a lot. I want to thank Dr. Marlon Sukal for accepting the offer to be my Chairperson. I want to thank Dr. YolyZentella from the bottom of my heart for working as my content person. Dr. Z, you are such a wonderful person to work with and I thank you very much for your kind patience as I struggled with this dissertation. I also want to thank Dr. Ainsworth Lightbody for his continued help and support. We have worked together in many residencies; you have been a great source of inspiration. We have struggled together and we have made it; thanks a million. I also would like to thank Dr. Reginald Taylor, who initially was my Methodologist. I thank you for your support and the help you gave me, which set the pace for this research.


Some approaches to emulating an expert driver's longitudinal and lateral integrated control using jerk information are studied in this paper. A trade-off strategy between longitudinal traction versus cornering traction was extracted experimentally by using jerk information to observe voluntary braking and turning during driving. The strategy is realised by determining the longitudinal acceleration command during combination motion by vehicle lateral jerk. The vehicle dynamical rationality of the method is also evaluated by computer simulation in view of instantaneous handling characteristics. Applying the strategy, we made a longitudinal driver model that works in coordination with any steering input. Adopting a programmed handling model and a preview-follower model for the steering input, we carried out computer simulation. We also carried out cornering and braking lane-change experiments with an expert driver. The simulation results and experimental results agree well and we confirm that the model can emulate a certain part of the expert driver's control strategy for trading off longitudinal and lateral accelerations.


In article the general and special principles of control in business sphere reveal. The author states the position concerning criterion of division of principles of control on the general and special.


We developed a LIDAR system with a sensor head as small as 22 cc, in spite of the inclusion of a scanning mechanism. This LIDAR system not only has a small body, but is also highly sensitive. Our LIDAR system is based on time-of-flight measurements, and it incorporates an optical fiber. The main feature of our system is the utilization of optical amplifiers for both the transmitter and the receiver, and the optical amplifiers enabled us to exceed the detection limit of thermal noise. In conventional LIDAR systems the detection limit is determined by thermal noise, because the avalanche photo-diodes (APD) and trans-impedance amplifiers (TIA) that they use detect the received signals directly. In the case of our LIDAR system, received signal is amplified by an optical fiber amplifier in front of the photo diode and the TIA. Therefore, our LIDAR system can boost the signal level before the weak incoming signal is depleted by thermal noise. There are conditions under which the noise figure for the combination of an optical fiber amplifier and a photo diode is superior to the noise figure for an avalanche photo diode. We optimized the gain of the optical fiber amplifier and TIA in our LIDAR system such that it is capable of detecting a single photon. As a result, the detection limit of our LIDAR system is determined by shot noise. This small and highly sensitive measurement technology shows great potential for use in LIDAR with an optical preamplifier.


Introduction Meniscal injuries are very common cause of knee pain and resultant attendance to the orthopaedics or sports medicine clinics. The current protocol stands at clinical examination at first contact and establishing a diagnosis with clinical indicators like joint line tenderness, McMurray9s, Apley9s and weight-bearing test for meniscal pathology followed by MRI scan to confirm the diagnosis. Either surgical or conservative management follows this. We aim to assess clinical examination alone provide sufficient evidence for further management of meniscal injury and does a role of MRI scan exist to corroborate the findings. Methodology We retrospectively studied 88 patients attending the sports medicine clinic for the duration 2004–2007 examined by senior clinical assessor. We investigated the co-relation of the clinical and MRI findings to validate if there exists an actual clinical justification to use MRI scan in every patient We divided the data in further subsets of 57 patients in whom both clinical examination and MRI scan were performed and were validated by arthroscopy. The data obtained was analysed for parameters of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV] and negative predictive value [NPV] Results The comparison of clinical examination against MRI scans alone in 88 patients provided a accuracy of 81.81%, sensitivity of 95.77% and specificity of 23.52%. The assessment revealed that clinical examination yielded accuracy of 89.47%, sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 42 %, PPV of 92%, NPV of 60% while MRI scan was 87.70% accurate, 86% sensitive, with specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 57.14%. Conclusion From the results yielded by the study we can conclude that in experienced hands the clinical examination is as robust as MRI scan for meniscal injury of knee and can negate the need for MRI scan to be performed in every painful knee with suspicious meniscal injury.


CASE REPORT THE patient was a Chinese male child, aged 12 months when first seen. The child exhibited the following external deformities: a complete ectopia vesicae with double penis (Fig. I), and complete failure of fusion of the symphysis pubis with marked outward rotation of each half of the pelvis. A limited excision of exposed bladder mucosa and skingraftiug had been carried out at a hospital elsewhere. Continuous wetting of the anterior abdominal wall and thighs by urine had caused considerable excoriation of the skin of those parts. Intravenous pyelography revealed malrotation of the kidneys and arrested ascent of both kidneys which was more obvious on the left side (Fig. 2). Renal function was good. The child appeared to be of normal intelligence and there was no evidence of a congenital cardiac defect. In June, 1966, via a mid-abdominal transverse incision, a bilateral uretero-ileal transplant was carried out in the Coffey manner. At operation malrotation of the gut was found. The right half of the colon was completely mobile on a mesentery and the caecum was seen to bear three appendices vermiformis (Fig. 3).


For years,although ideological and political education has been attached great importance,it does not realize its function completely.The main reason is that the ideological and political education is a means to improve ideological and moral qualities for undergraduate students,but colleges and universities have been using the same teaching method as in the disciplinary education.Thus the ideological and political education always passes students by,which hampers the effectiveness of the ideological and political education into full play.To enhance the actual effect of ideological and political education,the reform of evaluation system should be involved,and requirements on ideological and political caliber should be raised.Colleges and universities should underline the significance of ideological and political education,make further research on internalization mechanism of ideological and political education,and guide the undergraduate students to change their attitude to ideological and political education from passive acceptance to their own internal needs.


The knowledge of its position and angular transverse distributions is of utmost interest to assess the good behaviour of a beam within an accelerator. After a short reminder of beam "emittance" definitions, a review is made of various measurement techniques used so far both in single pass machines and colliders. Results of measurements made at CERN in the future LHC injection complex and in LEP are presented and discussed. Paper presented at the Third European Workshop on Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation for Particle Accelerators (DIPAC 97), Frascati, Italy, 12-14 October 1997 Geneva, Switzerland December, 1997


We present a detailed comparison between modeling and experiments on supercontinuum generation in a ZBLAN fiber. Good agreement is obtained when pumping both in the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the role of the source and recipient of knowledge in supply chain collaboration by providing evidence that the distributive capabilities of a source, working in conjunction with the absorptive capacity (AC) of a recipient, have direct and significant effects on levels of collaborative engagement between supply chain partners and indirect and significant effects on collaborative operational outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilises 310 surveys and structural equations modelling to provide empirical evidence to support the significance of the source of knowledge in collaborative activities.

Findings

The study provides evidence for source-based knowledge transfer constructs (distributive capabilities) in supply chain collaboration. Further, this research supports these capabilities working in conjunction with recipient AC both as necessary but insufficient requirements for successful knowledge transfer.

Practical implications

Firm interdependence within supply chains continues to grow. In today's environment of outsourcing and increasing levels of inter-firm activities, this research provides a parsimonious model of collaboration that allows firms to understand knowledge transfer better and how to more aptly manage these types of activities and complex relationships.

Originality/value

Earlier research in this domain has focussed on the abilities of a recipient firm to absorb knowledge in order to understand successful collaborative knowledge transfer. By solely focussing on the recipient firm, the role of the source of knowledge has been largely overlooked in this stream of research.


Luojia 13H is a horizontal development well, its horizontal displacement is 1368m, open hole is 1303.09m, true vertical depth is 3838m, horizontal interval is 630m. How to improve cement slurry displacement efficiency and cementing quality are cementing successful key of the well. The paper presents the well′s cementing difficulty, cementing technical measures, optimum of cement slurry system, field application etc.


I was very disappointed by the BJM's 1 L97 RCM Conference review (Vol. 5(6) 1 997. p.355) and believe that it does not do justice to the ethos which your journal has tried to develop.


Philipp Otto Runge's Tageszeiten (Times of Day), four compositions developed between 1802 and 1810, represent one of the more remarkable examples of Romantic experimentation. Of particular significance is Runge's move toward a primitivist aesthetic through the incorporation of a hieroglyphic structure for the Tageszeiten. While many of the German Romantics, including Schlegel, Wackenroder, Novalis, and Tieck, were fascinated with the hieroglyphic and the arabesque (visual structures they understood to be "primitive"), Runge went beyond the aesthetic theory of his compatriots to assimilate these "primitive" elements into his compositions.1 It is surprising, then, that his efforts have not been recognized in the literature on primitivism. Runge's exclusion bears scrutiny because it is symptomatic of the broader neglect of the Romantic interest in and emulation of "primitive" arts.


Objective To explore the change of homeostasis and coagulation in early stage of asphyxiated newborns.Methods A total of 52 asphyxiated newborn were recruited in this study.The levels of platelet counts,prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),fibrinogen(Fg) and thrombin time(TT) of asphyxiated newborn were measured before and after treatment,while 30 healthy newborns as control group. Results Compared with the control group,the changes of PLT,PT,APTT,Fg and TT levels in children with asphyxia group were significant(P0.05),especially for the severe asphyxia group(P0.05).After remission,these above indicators can be back to normal level. Conclusion There is a coagulation disorder in neonatal asphyxia and hyper-coagulable state manifested mainly by Pred-DIC.


Purpose – In this paper the aim is to show how the translation of a logical positivist epistemology into neoclassical economics has had profound methodological consequences which over‐determine an inability to predict cusps and their associated crises.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of epistemological and methodological literature, it is argued that the financial crises of the past 20 years ought to initiate a questioning of the epistemological foundations of the discipline.Findings – As an alternative, it is suggested that an economics methodology informed by critical realism would increase the probability of a timely prediction of crises.Originality/value – The paper de‐emphasises falsification as a key criterion for assessing the quality of knowledge, provides more space for non‐quantified reflections on relationships, a thicker model of human agency, a well‐specified model of collective human economic behaviour as well as an endogenous possibility of dramatic change within the economic...


This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture, leadership behavior, civil servants
characters (PNS), and the planning quality on the performance of Sungai Penuh City government. The verification
survey method was used to obtained data from a sample size of 300 units and analyzed using AMOS statistical tools.
The results showed that organizational culture, leadership behavior, civil servants characters, and quality planning
had a positive and significant effect on government performance. In addition, these attributes are needed to improve
the quality of planning through the development of vertical and horizontal deliberations (musrenbang). Therefore,
future research is related to planning coordination is needed for effective budget development funding.
Keywords--- Civil Servants, Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior, Character, Quality of Planning,
Organizational Performance.


In order to improve the driving efficiency and release the tension between the mining and driving,a boundary controlled smooth blasting technology was applied to the seam gateway driving.The total explosive material of a blasting can be evenly distributed around the circumference of the gateway.The seismic strength interfered to each can be reduced after the boreholes adjacent relay blasted and the blasting vibration affected to the surrounding rocks of the gateway can be reduced.After the blasting operation,the sidewall of the gateway were clearly in vertical and the roof the gateway were completed.The coal miners can directly do the bolt support operations for the roof and sidewall.The reduced time to expose the surrounding rocks can ensure the safety of the roof and the stability and flat of the sidewall.


There is much excitement about the potential in new forms of data adding to the volume of Big Data available to business. Yet, as identified in a recent CGMA report [i] , there is still untapped potential in the enterprise data captured on business systems. This should be an earlier priority for management accountants and businesses. This Infosys paper, produced in association with CIMA, provides a practical example of how management accountants can take advantage of some of the data readily available to a business to improve the analysis and management of accounts receivable. It alerts finance professionals on to how data can be used in new ways to improve cash flow and ensure the value of the organisation is maintained. [i] From insight to impact-unlocking opportunities in big data, CGMA 2013, www.cgma.org/data Using Analytics to Reduce Days Sales Outstanding (DSO) Accounts receivables analytics


The knapsack type plant carrier designed and fabricated at FRI was subjected to extensive field trials for the transportation of plants in hill areas from the nurseries located at lower level to find out its suitability , efficiency and economics of operation and its comparison with the conventional method of transportation of plants under similar conditions , on which , detailed time and cost study was conducted at Gohri/Tal range of Soil Conservation Forest Division , Lansdowne (Uttaranchal). The plant carrier developed was found to be more advantageous , effective , economical and less strenuous as compared to conventional method of transportation of plants in hills.


We implement spatially resolved x-ray rocking curve for quantitative analysis of subgrain boundary (sub-GB) density in Si multicrystals with controlled microstructures by "dendritic casting method." The oriented crystal grains made it possible to analyze a large area over different crystal grains by using the same optical configuration. Sub-GBs were found to be spatially localized in a particular region and spread in the growth direction of the ingot. By combining sub-GB density with a separate measurement of minority carrier diffusion length, carrier recombination velocity at sub-GBs was revealed to be at the same order as random GBs. Furthermore, by analyzing electroluminescence images of a solar cell with different detection wavelengths, sub-GBs were shown to behave as shunts with stronger activity than random GBs.


Local defect diagnosis is a critical yet challenging process in VLSI manufacturing. It involves the identification of the defect spots in a logic IC that fail testing. In the last decade, algorithms for diagnosis have progressed significantly and the results are showing promise for full-scan designs. In this paper, we first review several classical algorithms such as fault dictionary based analysis and effect cause analysis. Then, we discuss several diagnosis algorithms borrowed from the design debugging techniques. These algorithms do not require a pre-determined fault model, and thus, are more flexible and applicable to ICs in which the defects do not behave like common stuck-at or bridging faults. Finally, we will probe the possibility of extending these algorithms to designs with only partial-scan support.


Simple Summary In this publication, we report preliminary toxicity results of a prospective phase II trial where the first 20 patients with in lung presence of pleural mesothelioma were treated with accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy. No G3-G4 acute and late toxicity was found, while the most common acute toxicity was pneumonitis with 65.0% G1 and 10% G2. The median OS was 33.1 months (95% CI:14.4–not estimable) and the median Time To Progression was 18.2 months (95% CI:11.3–not estimable). The trial is ongoing, but these results can be considered encouraging. Abstract Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with an overall poor prognosis. The standard therapeutic strategy in early-stage disease is trimodality therapy. In this publication, we report the preliminary toxicity results of the first 20 patients treated with accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy. Between July 2017 to June 2019, 20 MPM patients were enrolled and treated with accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy and intensity-modulated arc therapy. The prescription dose was 30 Gy in five daily fractions, while an inhomogeneous dose escalation to 40 Gy was prescribed based solely upon the presence of gross residual tumor. Only one case of G3 toxicity was reported, which was a bilateral pneumonitis that occurred two years after treatment probably due to superinfection. Median Time to Progression reached 18.2 months while one- and three-year Overall Survival rates were 85% (95% CI:60.4–94.9) and 49.5% (95% CI:26.5–68.9), respectively. Treatment of the intact lung with pleural intensity-modulated arc irradiation is a novel treatment strategy that appears to be safe, feasible, and without a high grade of lung toxicity. Survival rates and Time to Progression are encouraging.


The paper documents the distribution of three species [Hyperphyscia adglutinata (FlA¶rke) H.Mayrhofer and Poelt, Paromotrema austrosinense (Zahlbr.) Hale and Punctelia subrudecta (Zahlbr.) Hale] of lichens from 14 years old nylon nets collected from Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development (G.B.P.I.H.E.D.) located in temperate region of Central Himalaya. These three species were previously reported as corticolous and saxicolous, but for the first time are reported as plasticolous.


The invention relates to the field of electronic equipment and terminals, which use touch-screen technology, specifically to a method for fast calling a program or function and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps: judging whether the current interface of a touch screen is an operation interface of any program, and setting at least one touch sensing area at the edge of the touch screen if the current interface of the touch screen is the operation interface of any program; monitoring a finger movement acted on the touch sensing area and preferentially recognizing the finger movement to judge whether the finger movement meets a triggering condition for calling the program or the function; reading the set data if the finger movement meets the triggering condition for calling the program or the function, and calling the program or the function corresponding to the touch sensing area in the set data. The system is used for realizing the method. The method of the invention is simple in steps and convenient for operating.


Several pyridylmethylmetal compounds and their conjugate acids have been prepared. The acid dissociation constants of the pyridinium ions have been measured spectrophotometrically. The results show that the groups CH2Mn(CO)5, CH2Mo(CO)3(π-C5H5), CH2W(CO)3(π-C5H5), and CH2Fe(CO)2(π-C5H5) are extremely strong electron-donating substituents whether in the meta- or para-positions. Approximate σ-values are assigned to these groups and the effects are ascribed to a combination of inductive and hyperconjugative electron donation.


The discharge properties of a weakly magnetized inductively coupled hydrogen discharge (operating pressure 1 Pa) are evaluated by using optical emission spectroscopy. The behaviour of the electron density ne, temperature Te and the density ratio of atomic to molecular hydrogen nH/nH2 with varying magnetic field strength (up to 12 mT) is investigated. The results obtained from the OES measurements performed with a line of sight directed along the central axis of the cylindrical discharge vessel are compared to the case when the ICP antenna is replaced by a Nagoya-type-III Helicon antenna. In the ICP case, the electron temperature and density at the axis of the cylindrical discharge vessel decrease with increasing magnetic field due to the hindered radial electron diffusion. This results in a gradual transition from a homogeneous radial emission profile to a hollow profile with minimal emission in the discharge centre. Concerning the density ratio of atomic to molecular hydrogen, one obtains very high values of up to 0.32 at low B field and a decreasing behaviour with higher magnetic fields. For the Helicon case, the obtained values of ne and Te are virtually unaffected by the external magnetic field. Furthermore, a hollow radial emission profile is observed already at low B field strengths. In the Helicon setup one obtains an increasing trend for nH/nH2 with a maximum of about 0.2 at 12 mT.


OBJECTIVE To study flavonoids from the whole plant of Parathelypteris nipponica(Franch.et Sav.) Ching.METHODS The compounds were isolated by column chromotography with silica gel,C18 reverse-phase silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 4′,6′-dihydroxy-2′-methoxy-3′-methylchalcone(1),4′,6′-dihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethyl-2′-methoxychalcone(2),galangin(3),baicalein(4),kaempferol(5),quercetin(6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(7),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside(8) and rutin(9),respectively.CONCLUSION All compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.


To study the genetic diversity of MHC-DRB1 gene in different species,exon 2 of the MHC-DRB1 gene of Ovis aries,Alces alces,Canis familiaris,Sus scrofa and Homo sapiens were analyzed using the method of comparative genomics and bioinformatics. The genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 149 polymorphic sites were detected from 96 sequences,from which 83 haplotypes were sorted. More nucleotide diversity and amino acid diversity of MHC-DRB1 gene existed within and among species.


Although intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant(HSCT)are currently used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia(AML), a large proportion of patients relapse after treatment. On the other hand, a minority of cases fail to achieve complete remission(CR)after a standard first line treatment. Leukemia relapse and refractory become the main course of treatment failure, which are also the main points and difficulties of treatment for AML. However, the most effective regimen for refractory/relapsed AML has not been established. This review focuses on the progress of the regimens and major chemotherapy for refractory/relapsed AML(except M3).

Key words:
Leukemia, myeloid, acute; Refractory; Relapsed; Chemotherapy


The dugong (Dugong dugon) was traditionally hunted and considered a delicacy in Sri Lanka. Dugongs were common in the Gulf of Mannar (north-west coast) and were the focus of a targeted fishery till the mid-20 th century. Overexploitation caused this population to decline rapidly and recognising this, the Sri Lankan Government declared the dugong a protected species in 1970. Legal protection was however not followed by effective law enforcement and recent surveys indicate that illegal harvesting still continues. Due to an unstable security situation the remaining dugong habitat was inaccessible to researchers till 2009 and no censuses were carried out, while illegal capture went largely undetected and unreported. While the area is now accessible population assessments and threat mitigation in the form of proactive conservation measures are a matter of urgent priority. While research is essential to develop informed conservation measures such activities need to be implemented in a manner that is sensitive to local socioeconomic circumstances. Protection of endangered species is not yet considered a priority among impoverished coastal communities. Therefore these issues need urgent and innovative attention to provide this dugong population with a chance of survival and prevent imminent local extirpation.


A 73-year-old male was referred to our hospital with anemia and hyperproteinemia and was diagnosed with IgG-j chain type multiple myeloma (MM) (DS stage IIIA; ISS-II). The patient was relapse/refractory to VRd (bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone), high-dose melphalan with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, ERd (elotuzumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone), and Pd (pomalidomide and dexamethasone), and, thus, was treated with ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (IRd)(ixazomib, 4mg/day, days 1, 8, and 15; lenalidomide 25mg/day, days 1-21.; dexamethasone 40mg/day, days 1, 8, 15, and 22). On day 11 of the second cycle, the patient presented with fever (40 C) and the sudden onset of painful round erythematous plaques on the neck, arm, hand, and trunk (Figure 1(a,b)). Laboratory tests showed a white blood cell count of 1.3 x 10/L, neutrophil cell count 0.8 x 10/L, red blood cell count of 267 x 10/L, hemoglobin concentration of 9.4 g/dL, and platelet count of 53 x 10/L. His C-reactive protein level was 2.03mg/dL (normal range: lower than 0.30mg/dL). Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were 130 pg/mL (normal range: lower than 4pg/mL) and 133pg/mL (normal range: lower than 39 pg/mL). Skin biopsy revealed the predominantly neutrophilic infiltration of the dermis and the absence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (Figure 1(c)). He was diagnosed with Sweet disease (SD). Six days after the discontinuation of ixazomib, skin lesions resolved. More extensive skin lesions recurred on day 10 of the third cycle. During the fourth cycle, ixazomib was started at 3mg/day; however, fever and skin lesions recurred on day 5. After the discontinuation of ixazomib, skin lesions did not reappear and serum IL-6 and G-CSF were decreased (<4pg/mL and <39 pg/mL, respectively). After 4 cycles of the treatment, levels of serum IgG and plasma cells in bone marrow had both decreased (from 32.1 to 9.9 g/L and from 12 to 4%, respectively). He maintained VGPR without any medication for 5months. Ixazomib is the first reported oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) and IRd achieved significant improvements in progression-free survival in MM patients who received at least one prior therapy [1]. The toxicities of IRd were thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, rash, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral edema, and back pain, and were generally grade 1/2 in severity. The incidence of skin rash was 36% and ranged from limited skin lesions to a more generalized eruption predominantly on the trunk or extremities, with the most common being rashes, eruptions, and exanthems [2]. Skin manifestations generally occur in the first four months of treat-


An opening/closing device for a notebook computer is provided to reduce a total length thereof by arranging a hinge assembly and a motor assembly in parallel to each other. An opening/closing device for a notebook computer includes a hinge assembly(120), a motor assembly(130), and a first and a second gear(141,142). The hinge assembly is formed to open or close a monitor. The motor assembly is arranged in parallel to the hinge assembly to face the hinge assembly. The motor assembly is used for driving the hinge assembly. The first and the second gear are installed at the hinge assembly and the motor assembly, respectively. The power of the motor assembly is transmitted in parallel to the hinge assembly. The first gear has the same rotation number as the rotation number of the second gear.


Calibration test for photo-rheological stress analysis in a plastically deforming body is performed by using a softened celluloid specimen heated at 55.5°C and subjected to a combined stress which consists of uniaxial tension and hydrostatic pressure under the variable stress rate and principal stress ratio. The relation between the principal stress and strain differences and the relation between the fringe order and the principal stress and strain differences established under the constant stress rate are proved to be useful also for the variable stress rate in the test. The value of principal stress difference obtained by the photo-rheological stress analysis using the above mentioned relation according to the fringe order obtained from the test agreed well with the assigned value of principal stress difference.


The article deals, with changes in incomes, taking place within the process of, transition from, the administrative to market economy.. In Russia and.former socialist countries, the administrative basis for the analysis was performed by data of a comparative study carried out in Russia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, ".Bulgaria within the framework of international project "Social Stratification in Eastern Europe since 1989", (project managers Prof. Treiman, I. Szelenyi). The. authors show that in all the countries under examination the transition to market economy is followed by. increase in the number of the poor' and change of their structure due to involvement of unemployed people, children 'and qualified blue-collar workers (in Russia) in the poor strata of population. But! the scales of poverty, are different throughout the countries. Most of all poverty turned out to 'be spread in Russia, least of all in 'Czech Republic. The latter circumstance is to a considerable extent connected' witfr the fact' that by the reforms' beginning the population of Russia was on'the average poorer than the population of other analyzed countries and' the economic crisis entailed decrease in the living standards of the majority 'of population strata-."Programmes of'social relief do not compensate the increase. As to the stratum of the. rich, it ;is being formed 'of: enterprise managers, highly-qualified specialists and entrepreneurs. In all the countries listed above, except Russia, the entrepreneurial stratum does not excel the stratum of higher managers for the incomes. In Russia the higher level of entrepreneurs' incomes is connected to the fact that this stratum is being formed not in the production sphere but in the sphere of trade and finance.


During severe winter months, ice jams form in the canal of a Canadian hydroelectric peaking plant following the initial loading sequence. The ice cover that forms on the surface of the canal during relatively long shutdown periods (weekends, etc.) disintegrates under the severe surge action that accompanies the rapid loading sequence, and the strong surface currents above the intake structures forcefully compact the fragments into temporary ice jams in the forebay area. Eventually the fragments are drawn into the penstocks and discharged through the plant. Three tests are described, their purpose being: (1) to investigate the effects of discharging ice through the plant on the performance of same; and (2) to ascertain the most suitable loading sequence (of the units) which would produce a minimum degree of blockage in the forebay area and consequently result in a rapid clearance of ice in the canal. The results indicate that the plant can successfully discharge the ice without suffering significant reductions in performance, or damage to the units, and an efficient loading sequence was obtained.


Our April issue—eontaining the part of Fidel Castro's speech at the close of the Tricontinental Conference which attacked Adolfo Gilly, Gilly's answer, and an editorial giving our own position on the issues involved—evoked an unusually heavy mail, most of it critical. We publish below three of the more interesting letters, reserving the right to reply in a later issue. —The EditorsThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


To improve our knowledge of how nutrient cycling in Mediterranean environments responds to climate change, we evaluated the effects of the continuous changes in soil nitrogen (N) pools during natural wetting and drying events. We measured soil N pools (microbial biomass [MB-N], dissolved organic nitrogen [DON], NH4 and NO3−) and N ion exchange resins at weekly intervals for one year in two contrasting Mediterranean ecosystems. All soil N fractions in both ecosystems showed high intraseasonal and interseasonal variability that was greater in inorganic soil fractions than in organic N soil fractions. MB-N, DON and resin-NH4 showed increased concentrations during wetting events. Only the soil NO3− and resin-NO3− showed the opposite trend, suggesting a different response to water pulses compared to the other soil variables. Our results show that N pools are continuously changing, and that this high variability is not associated with the total amount of organic matter and labile soil carbon (C) and N soil fractions found in each ecosystem. The highest variability was found for inorganic N forms, which suggests that organic N forms are more buffered in soils exposed to wetting-drying cycles. Our results suggest that the changes in wetting-drying cycles expected with global climate change may have a significant impact on the availability and turnover of organic and inorganic N. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Received video quality depends on the available bandwidth (it would determine the video bit-rate), the packet loss rate (PLR), the end-to-end delay, and so on. Even low packet loss rate can reduce the video quality significantly. Recent results suggest applying packet level parity FEC to the video stream in order to decrease the impact of packet loss on video quality. How to determine the amount of redundant information in FEC is one problem. For limited bandwidth, high sending rate will increase the video quality, but it will also lead to high end- to-end delay (queue delay will increase when incoming rate comes close to out-coming rate). How to choose the "best" sending rate is another problem. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to optimize the sending rate and the amount of redundancy based on the quality of experience as modeled by the ITU-T R G.1070 standard.


Objective:This article introduces about the three double heads empty compression screw(DECS)and its clinical application for treatment of fracture of femoral neck.Method:Femoral neck fractures of eight cadaveric femura callsed by a saw were fixed by three dollbel heads empty compression screw.Biomechanical characterestics of three different devices were compared.Results:The biomechanical test and clinical application had been carried on,it has not only excellent biomechanical character of against pressure,against bending and against twist fouce,but also can make the fragmentary fracture impacted into each other and promoting union rapidly.Less stress protection.So that the patient gets up early from hed and can reduce complication.Conclusion:Experimental results showed,the DECS apperr to offer distinct biomechanical adventage over the other interfixation device in the treatment of fracture of fmoral neck.It is an ideal internal fixation in strument.


sense that they can manage and cope positively in the world around them. Of course, at the same time as we might wish to encourage a sense of independence and control in children we must not unduly endanger them. A balance needs to be achieved, and a generally safe environment created. Creating a safe public transport system is one component of increasing a sense of safety. Given that in some states at least the level of staffing on trains, stations and trams has declined since these data were collected, it would be instructive to know whether concerns about safety on public transport have increased. Transport planning initiatives should take into account the level of concern that parents have for the safety of their children. An environment in which parental fears are allayed will contribute in an important way to the living standards of Australian parents and their children. Central to achieving a proper balance between confinement and independence in our children is an accurate and responsible assessment of the level of dangers that exist for children in our society. Certainly there are dangers of attack by strangers, but these need to be kept in proper perspective. In trying to protect our children we must at the same time guard against undermining their capacity to become competent , coping adults. The authors are grateful to AIFS Research Officers Wendy Stone and Christine Millward for their assistance with the data analysis for this article. A s part of the Australian Living Standards Study (ALSS) of 5000 families in 12 rural and urban areas of Australia, the Institute conducted a survey of 1100 service providers from the spheres of children's services, community services, education, employment, health, housing, leisure and recreation, safety and security, transport, and youth and amenity services. (See pages 6–7 for a description of the ALSS.) The survey covered a host of issues associated with living standards and the contribution that service provision makes to family wellbeing. In one of many questions , 1 service providers and families were presented with a list of selected problems that families in their neighbourhoods might face and asked to rate their importance as issues in the local area. The design of the study allowed us to look at whether families on the urban fringe and in rural areas were disadvantaged in their ability to access services compared with their counterparts elsewhere. Funding allocation for …


When designing complex systems, it is crucial but challenging to make them easy to learn. In this paper, a framework for improving the learnability of a complex system is presented. A classification of factors affecting the learnability of a building modeling system as well as guidelines that refine the factors into practical ways of action are introduced. The factors and guidelines include issues related to the user interface, conformity of the system to user's expectations, and training. The classification is based on empirical research during which learnability was assessed with several methods. The methodology and the classification of learnability factors can be used as references when analyzing and improving the learnability of other systems. System developers and training providers can utilize these guidelines when striving to make systems easier to learn.


Let G be a connected reductive complex algebraic group with split real form (G,σ) . Consider a strict wonderful G ‐variety X equipped with its σ‐equivariant real structure, and let X be the corresponding real locus. Further, let E be a real differentiable G‐vector bundle over X. In this paper, we introduce a distribution character for the regular representation of G on the space of smooth sections of E given in terms of the spherical roots of X , and show that on a certain open subset of G of transversal elements it is locally integrable and given by a sum over fixed points.


In this chapter, we are seeking to critically evaluate the plausibility of scientifically satisfactory naturalistic theory of phenomenal consciousness proposed by Carruthers in his middle career. Carruthers defends his naturalistic theory of phenomenal consciousness as a variety of dispositionalist theory of HOT as opposed to actualist form advanced by Rosenthal. He characterizes the naturalistic theory as one in which phenomenal consciousness has a


Recent results have demonstrated that lipid bilayers have the ability to "self-heal" after mechanical failure. In a previous study the maximum pressure that could be withstood by a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) formed over a porous substrate was measured and reported. This paper expands on this subject by exploring the ability of a BLM to spontaneously "self-heal" or reform after having been pressurized until failure. A 1-Stearoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphocholine (SOPC) BLM is reconstituted over a silicon substrate that contains a single square aperture (25 x 25 μm) and is pressurized until failure. It is found that the BLM spontaneously reforms multiple times over the aperture after the initial failure. For each experiment the BLM is subjected to several pressurization cycles with a 70 mV potential applied across the BLM. The current is measured using an impedance analyzer and indicates the presence of a BLM formed over the aperture. It is found that electrical current conducted across the BLM increases from approximately 100 pA to 650 nA during each BLM failure and returns to 100 pA after BLM reformation. These results demonstrate that the bilayer is reforming because the electrical resistance across the aperture is increasing by several orders of magnitude.


Beech is an important tree species in Europe. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of four molecular weights of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin (266, 286, 387, and 410 g/mol) on the sorption behavior of unmodified and modified beech wood samples using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) apparatus. The variations in the environmental relative humidity and moisture content (MC) of the samples were recorded, and the DVS isotherms were plotted from the equipment. During the sorption process, the MC of the modified samples decreased in comparison to that of the unmodified samples, and both apparently decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PF resin. The DVS isotherm hysteresis plot illustrated a reduction in sorption hysteresis for the modified wood with varying PF resins compared to the unmodified samples. Based on the DVS isotherm adsorption and desorption plots, the decrease in the equilibrium of the MC can be attributed to there being fewer sorption sites in the modified samples, which exhibited the lowest hygroscopicity. Overall, the moisture sorption mechanism for both types of samples was clarified, highlighting a clear correlation between the molecular weight of the applied PF resin and its influence on moisture sorption behavior.


40 Introduction 41 Winnebago Planning and Land Use 42 Establishing the Agroforestry Demonstration System 43 Continuing Tribal Land-use Planning 44 PRA Approaches in Land-use Plarming 44


Abstract The occurrence of the verbal ending -s with non-3rd person singular subjects is a frequent phenomenon in varieties of English worldwide. It has been attested to fulfil a wide range of functions in addition to its Standard English use as a person-number marker. This paper is to characterize the various factors which condition the use of nonstandard verbal -s. It will discuss their areal distribution and give an account of the frequency with which each of the conditioning factors is attested. Based on this characterization, a group of core constraints will be isolated, the specific character of which will be shown to have facilitated their stability, endurance and spread.


To provide a working vehicle traveling by an operation, the operation chosen by operators from either an oil-pressured pilot operation which drives a traveling device based on an operation of an oil-pressured pilot controller to activate a pilot valve or an electric operation which drives the traveling device based on an operation of an electric control device to output electric signal. In an operation for traveling a working vehicle, it is provided that an operation selection switch (26) to choose either an oil-pressured pilot operation or an electric operation, a control device (23) to input an electric signal for traveling transmitted from an electric operation device and a selection signal from the operation selection switch, the third electro-magnetic valve (44) to forbid outputting pilot pressure from a pilot valve for traveling to a control valve for traveling based on a control signal from the control device, the first to the fourth electro-magnetic proportional valve (48) to (51) to output a pilot pressure to the control valve for traveling based on the control signal from the control device and the first to the fourth shuttle valve (38) to (41) to lead the output pilot pressure to the control valve for traveling.


Suppose k is a subfield of the fieldK has characteristic different from 2, such that K is an algebraic extension over k. In the currently study we try to describe irreducible subgroups of PSL2(K) that contains a projective root subgroup is conjugate in GL2(K)/Z, where Z is the center of GL2(K) consists of all scalar matrices to an intermediate group consisting of all matrices diag (( 1 a 0 1 ) , 1, . . . , 1), a ∈ K. M.S.C. 2010: 14Lxx, 20G40.


In article are considered questions of the law and right, connected with illegal enterprise. It is Noted change established practical persons of consideration and decision making on material of the check, in which there are signs corpus crime, provided by st. 171 of UK RF.


China's national quality courses are demonstration subjects with clear characteristics.For national quality courses,there should be first-class faculties,teaching contents,textbooks,teaching administration, practice fields and so on.The construction of the quality courses of Xi'an Eurasia University are divided into four steps: to draft construction plans,to form teaching teams,to reform teaching contents and teaching systems,and to reform teaching methods and teaching means.In order to construct quality courses,the following four relations should be dealt well with: the relation between course setting and teaching contents,the relation between textbook writing and quality course construction,the relation between teaching environment and quality courses,and the relation between researches and practice of quality courses.


The performance of a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) based icing probe suitable for use in icing tunnels and airborne applications is assessed. The instrument is shown to accurately and repeatably measure liquid water content (LWC) to within better than 20 percent of the nominal expected value in the NASA Lewis IRT. This was seen to be true over a wide range of tunnel operating conditions. The principles used by the PDPA for MVD and LWC determination are discussed. Calibration curves for the IRT median volume diameter are also determined and compared to the existing calibration determined via the PMS instruments. As has been shown in previous work, the PDPA is quite repeatable. The results are typically 3 to 5 microns smaller than the existing calibrations for a given run condition. Reasons for these differences are also discussed.


A systematic approach for encoding Korean addresses to the finest depth of sort is presented in this paper. The implementation is focused on producing the final delivery point code for various types of address recognized in an efficient manner. There are two stages in the address interpretation: 1) agreement verification between the recognized postal code and upperpart of the address; and 2) analysis of the lower part of the address which is important for the encoding. In the agreement verification procedure, the recognized postal code is used as a key to access the address dictionary and each of the retrieved addresses is compared with the words in the recognized address. As a result, the boundary between the upper part and the lower part is located. The confusion matrices are introduced to improve the performance of the process by correcting misrecognized characters. In the procedure of interpreting the lower address part, a delivery point code is derived using the house number and/or the building name. Several rules for the interpretation have been developed based on the analysis of real addresses collected. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the proposed approach using addresses collected from two metropolitan cities in Korea.


Cyber-Physical systems have greatly assisted industry in maintaining industrial systems being a key element in the progress to Industry 4.0. The strategies and technologies developed along with industrial application of Cyber-Physical systems can be utilized in managing human health as well as health trends and research. Many Digital Health devices are appearing on the market, often utilizing Cyber-Physical technologies and many for consumers to provide health data. However, applying to the medical world adds many challenges including data accuracy and informatics, significant security and privacy issues as well how to best utilize the information with medical professionals and research. This paper examines the situation, how the market is changing, types of health devices, and provides a framework for health management informatics to serve the needs of the patient, medical professional, and researcher. With this framework we look at how many ways it can be utilized to manage health and humanity.


Based on classic concept of light,a very useful new concept in communications is given-slow light.Introduced the principle of slow light,main methods have been adopted by researchers around the world,the problems encountered and how to optimize slow light.Meaningwhile,present recent research and develop-ment state of slow light in applications.Finally,the development prospects of slow light is given.


The major issue in water resources planning and management is how to find out the optimized releases for determining the operating policy of reservoirs. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are adaptive heuristic search algorithm based on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and genetics. As such they represent an intelligent exploitation of a random search used to solve optimization problems. Although randomised, GAs are by no means random, instead they exploit historical information to direct the search into the region of better performance within the search space. This study is carried out to develop a policy for optimizing the releases of water for the irrigation purpose of Karjan Reservoir Project. The years considered are from 2008-09 to 2011-12. Monthly releases for irrigation from the reservoir and initial storages in reservoir at beginning of the month are the decision variables. For this Optimization, the constraints considered are the bounds for the releases and reservoir capacity. Results show that in the year of 2008-09, total 19.89 % of water is saved than the actual release. For 2009-10, 8.439 % of water is saved than the actual release. In the year 2010-11, 2.62% more water is needed to be released to satisfy the downstream irrigation demand. In the year 2011-12, 11.77% water can be saved than the actual release using Genetic Algorithm. The study reveals thatusing Genetic Algorithm, irrigation demands are satisfied, monthly releases for irrigation are optimized and water is saved.


As we push particle colliders to 1-TeV center-of-mass collision energy and beyond, we require much more from our RF energy sources, both in terms of the RF performance and the number required for a given machine. In order to conserve real estate, the operating frequency of future colliders is apt to be higher than the S-band used for the SLAC SLC. It is this inevitable trend toward higher frequencies which presents the source designer with the greatest challenge. This paper is about that challenge. For reasons which will become clear, as we go to frequencies substantially above X-band, we will require sources other than klystrons, probably of the type referred to as "fast-wave devices," such as FEL or gyro-based amplifiers, or two-beam accelerators. Because these are discussed elsewhere in this conference, I will stick to the klystron as my model in describing the challenges to be overcome, as well as the criteria which must be met by alternative sources for new accelerators.


Objective: The objective of this study was to encapsulate ibuprofen in microspheres made of Eudragit® RL100 as the polymer and evaluate it in vitro.
Methods: Microspheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Significant parameters in the evaluation of microencapsulation are yield, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, swelling index, uniformity factor and buoyancy. The in vitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 at 37±1 ᵒC.
Results: Microspheres containing higher ratio of polymer had higher yields as high as 89.25%. The external diameter ranged from 300 to 550 μ, with geometric mean close to 420 μ. Evidently, the formulation containing higher concentration of Eudragit® RL100 had a larger diameter, indicating greater cross-linking and a larger sphere, signifying a higher loading capacity. The loading efficiency was above 81%, while the swelling index was found to be between 29% to 36%, with buoyancy factor of 74.53% for the superior batch. The results suggest that ibuprofen was successfully and efficiently encapsulated. The release rates of drug-loaded microspheres are related to the amount of polymer, thus, to get extended drug release while reducing the ill effects of the drug in the stomach. In vitro release was compared with marketed product, divulging better data for the indigenously prepared samples.
Conclusion: Data obtained by matching the in vitro release for the superior microspheres, so prepared and one of the commercial products showed the indigenous preparation of ibuprofen microspheres to be a better performer in the simulated gastric environment of phosphate buffer solution pH 7.4 at 37±1 ᵒC.


Automated structural damage diagnosis after earthquakes is important for improving the efficiency of disaster response and rehabilitation. In conventional data-driven frameworks which use machine learning or statistical models, structural damage diagnosis models are often constructed using supervised learning. The supervised learning requires historical structural response data and corresponding damage states (i.e., labels) for each building to learn the building-specific damage diagnosis model. However, in post-earthquake scenarios, historical data with labels are often not available for many buildings in the affected area. This makes it difficult to construct a damage diagnosis model. Further, directly using the historical data from other buildings to construct a damage diagnosis model for the target building would lead to inaccurate results. This is because each building has unique physical properties and thus unique data distribution. To this end, we introduce a new framework to transfer the model learned from other buildings to diagnose structural damage states in the target building without any labels. This framework is based on an adversarial domain adaptation approach that extracts domain-invariant feature representations of data from different buildings. The feature extraction function is trained in an adversarial way, which ensures that the extracted feature distributions are robust to changes in structures while being predictive of the damage states. With the extracted domain-invariant feature representations, the data distributions become consistent across different buildings. We evaluate our framework on both numerical simulation and field data collected from multiple building structures, which outperforms the state-of-the-art benchmark methods.


12 Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, requires California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, representing roughly a 25% reduction compared to business as usual. AB 32 is the most comprehensive climate change bill ever passed within the United States and is on par with the goals and actions of the European Union. AB 32 represents the first major piece of climate change legislation within the United States. While the science is clear that greenhouse gas emissions are causing global temperatures to increase, regulating greenhouse gas emissions has an extra layer of complexity compared to regulating other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Unlike these other pollutants, greenhouse gases are a global pollutant; one ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted in California does the same amount of damage as one ton of CO2 emitted elsewhere. This brings up a number of challenges to forming climate change public policy. Most importantly, it means that there is a significant free-rider problem since the benefits from any reductions in greenhouse gases are diffuse. That is, the ideal regulatory jurisdiction is at the global level. Any smaller scale than this will imply that jurisdictions may have an incentive to do nothing, relying instead on others to bear the cost burden of greenhouse gas reductions. Despite this, a number of jurisdictions have passed climate change regulations at this smaller scale (e.g., Europe and Australia). At a national level, the United States has lagged the world on climate change policy. Because the benefits of AB 32 accrue to both Californians and nonCalifornians, understanding the costs of AB 32 is perhaps more important. A number of cost estimates exist, often relying on highly technical and complicated models of economic activity. In this note, I discuss the basic structure of these models and the importance of several key assumptions. Several of the key models that exist largely agree on the bottom line of AB 32: ignoring many of the key benefits from the legislation, the cost of AB 32 is likely to be small.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to describe DTC from its inception and introduction into the defense systems acquisition process. It demonstrates that DTC is a management concept for early identification and control of costs that requires cost to be a design parameter equal in importance with performance and schedule. The project results clearly demonstrate that DTC is not another BUZZWORD but rather a sine-qua-non of all future DOD major programs. The implications of the results to potential users are that DTC will be implemented on all programs in all phases that it is applicable, and to be successful, it must be tailored to each application. Inherent to its success is the flexibility to perform the cost-performance trade-offs and design iterations necessary to identify cost as a system parameter and control it.


Fully-transparent amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) are fabricated on glass substrates at low temperature. Dual-layer channel IGZO TFTs are studied by changing partial pressure of oxygen in the sputtering chamber for comparison with single-layer ones which are fabricated without oxygen content changing. These low-temperature fabricated IGZO TFTs with dual-layer channel exhibit better performance than those with singer-layer channel. TFTs, of which the proportion of thicknesses of the two layers, low-oxygen layer and high-oxygen layer, is 3:1, demonstrate the best transfer characteristics with high on-to-off current ratio (Ion/off) of 1.8×10 8 . And TFTs of which the proportion of the thicknesses of two channel layers is 1:1 have highest on-current of 1.55mA and highest field effect mobility of 83.9cm 2 /V·s, and high Ion/off ratio of 1.11×10 8 .


The implementation of fluorine generation technology for chemical vapor deposi-tion (CVD) chamber cleaning applications poses significant new challenges with regard to safety,reliability, purity and overall cost of ownership. An integrated fluorine supply strategy has beendemonstrated to be the most effective means of implementing a safe and reliable fluorine supply tousers seeking a low-cost replacement for standard chamber clean chemistries.


ABSTRACT Surotomycin (formerly called CB-183,315) is a novel, orally administered cyclic lipopeptide antibacterial in development for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) that has potent activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) but limited activity against Gram-negative bacilli, including Bacteroides spp. We used a mouse model to investigate the impact of surotomycin exposure on the microbiome, and to test the consequences of the disruption on colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP), in comparison with the effects of oral vancomycin and metronidazole. Mice (8 per group) received saline, vancomycin, metronidazole, or surotomycin through an orogastric tube daily for 5 days and were challenged with 105 CFU of VRE or ESBL-KP administered through an orogastric tube on day 2 of treatment. The concentrations of the pathogens in stool were determined during and after treatment by plating on selective media. A second experiment was conducted to determine if the antibiotics would inhibit established VRE colonization. In comparison to controls, oral vancomycin promoted VRE and ESBL-KP overgrowth in stool (8 log10 to 10 log10 CFU/g; P < 0.001), whereas metronidazole did not (<4 log10 CFU/g; P > 0.5). Surotomycin promoted ESBL-KP overgrowth (>8 log10 CFU/g; P, <0.001 for comparison with saline controls) but not VRE overgrowth. Surotomycin suppressed preexisting VRE colonization, whereas metronidazole and vancomycin did not. These results suggest that treatment of CDI with surotomycin could reduce levels of VRE acquisition and overgrowth from those with agents such as vancomycin and metronidazole. However, surotomycin and vancomycin may promote colonization by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli.


Direct hydrogen atom transfer from a photoredox-generated Hantzsch ester radical cation to electron-deficient alkenes has enabled thedevelopment of an efficient formal hydrogenation under mild, operationally simple conditions. The HAT-driven mechanism, key to circumventthe problems associated with the low electron affinity of alkenes, is supported by experimental and computational studies. The reaction is appliedto a variety of cinnamate derivatives and related structures, irrespective of the presence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawingsubstituents in the aromatic ring and with good functional group compatibility.


OBJECTIVES: Mutations in ESR1 that are acquired following treatment with aromatase inhibitors commonly underlie resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. ERa-LBD mutations, especially at ESR1 Y537 and D538, confer constitutive activity and partial resistance to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as tamoxifen, and degraders (SERDs) such as fulvestrant in transcription assays. Some ovarian tumors also respond to anti-hormone therapy, and a subset which initially respond subsequently become resistant. The mechanisms of resistance to hormone therapy in ovarian cancer have not been previously described. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of ovarian tumors was used to analyze ESR1 and correlate responsiveness to aromatase inhibitors in a subset of these patients. METHODS: DNA was extracted from tumor specimens and sequenced using hybridization-capture (FoundationOne) targeting up to 315 genes, plus select introns frequently rearranged in cancer. Demographic and clinicopathologic data will be presented for a subset of patients whose tumors harbor ERa-LBD mutations associated with activation and resistance.. RESULTS: CGP of 3,641 ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas revealed 31 (0.9%) samples with amplification of ESR1 and 16 (0.4%) samples with acquired or de novo mutations affecting the ERa-LBD: Y537S (10), Y537N (1), D638G (4), and S341L (1). Within the 16 samples, ovarian serous carcinoma (10), ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (3), ovarian epithelial carcinoma NOS (2), and peritoneal serous carcinoma (1) were represented. In cases of acquired mutations following prior hormone therapy, there was evidence of clinical benefit to SERM/SERDs. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired activating mutations in ESR1, previously described in breast cancer, can occur in ovarian serous carcinomas and endometrioid carcinomas initially responsive to hormone therapy and suggest a similar mechanism for acquired aromatase inhibitor resistance. However, ERa mutations can occur in gynecologic malignancies even in the absence of prior endocrine therapy. Tumors harboring these mutations may remain responsive to SERM/SERDs. Citation Format: J. A. Elvin, L. Gay, G. Colon-Otero, M. Jorgensen, L. Havrilesky, D. Zajchowski, L Shawver, F. A. Valea, S Aithal, J. S. Ross, M. Markman, S. Gaillard. CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR–ALPHA LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN (ERA–LBD) MUTATIONS IN OVARIAN CARCINOMA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr MIP-056.


In recent years, fillers procedures with hyaluronic acid (HA) have grown significantly. Despite HA relative safety, the number of cases of complications after injections has grown, and in many of which, we are not aware of or have little control over.


We study the effects of immigration on natives' marriage, fertility, and family formation across US cities between 1910 and 1930 using a shift-share design. We find that natives living in cities that received more immigrants were more likely to marry, have kids, and leave the parental house earlier. Our evidence suggests that the positive impact of immigration on native men's employment, which increased the supply of native "marriageable men'', contributed to generate these patterns. Instead, alternative channels - changes in sex ratios, natives' cultural reactions, and economic competition for native women - are unlikely to, alone, explain our results.


Recently it has been proposed that marketing science adopt a relativist orientation. The authors explore the nature of relativism as it is currently being discussed in the philosophy of science. Special attention is given to various types of cognitive relativism. Major implications for marketing science also are discussed.


Balance equations, classically written following the movement of the matter in question, cannot be applied globally to a set of constituents having different velocity fields. However, it is possible to write generalized balance equations following an arbitrary velocity field v*, independent a priori of the movement of the matter. Such generalized balance equations, written for each constituent, ran be added to obtain a global generalized balance equation for a set of constituents. Consequently total generalized fluxes, such as the total stress tensor, the total heat flux and the total entropy flux, are defined relatively to the reference movement v*