A 56 year-old man was evaluated for progressive weakness and an elevated serum creatine kinase. He has had human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection/AIDS for 23 years. He had been on triple antiviral therapy (efavirenz, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and lamivudine) with only 1 opportunistic infection, namely pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 8 years earlier. There was remote use of zidovudine without resultant myopathy. HIV-1 viral load had been undetectable. Proximal leg weakness began 1 year earlier; thigh atrophy and proximal armweakness were noted 6 months earlier. He had difficulty in getting up from a chair and climbing stairs. He denied rash, myalgia, or constitutional symptoms. He recently discontinued the antiviral agents because he felt they could be causing weakness. The history was also notable for intravenous drug abuse from 1968 to 1983: active hepatitis C, thyroid goiter, and thyroidectomy 25 years earlier and diabetes mellitus for 3 years. Medications included lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, l-thyroxine, repaglinide, and glipizide. On examination, he appeared to be well developed and well nourished. There was no rash. There was atrophy of the biceps brachii, left more than right forearm, and bilateral quadriceps muscles. Bilateral proximal weakness was greater than distal limb weakness (generally Medical Research Council 4–4+). He had difficulty rising from a chair. Fasciculations were absent. The neurologic examination was otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory studies disclosed a creatine kinase level of 2082 IU/L (normal<200 IU/L). Serum chemistries were normal except for elevations in random glucose (148 mg/dL, normal 70–139 mg/dL), aspartate aminotransferase (480 IU/L, normal <40 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (684 IU/L, normal<40 IU/L), and total bilirubin (2.1 g/dL, normal 0.3–1.5 g/dL). The thyroid-stimulating hormone was mildly reduced (0.239 mIU/mL, normal 0.30–5.0 mIU/mL). Glycosylated hemoglobin, lactate, anti-Jo-1 antibody, C-reactive peptide, antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and anti-SS-A and SS-B antibodies were normal or negative. CD4 count was 207/mm (normal 404–1612). Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for HIV-1 RNA revealed a genomic titer of 186,000 copies per milliliter. Nerve conduction studies revealed evidence of a right median mononeuropathy at or distal to the wrist, minimal right ulnar mononeuropathy at the elbow, and borderline sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The needle electrode examination of leg, arm, and thoracic paraspinous muscles revealed diffuse fibrillation potentials and positive waves that were more prominent proximally. Poorly formed myotonic discharges were present in the medial gastrocnemius only. Motor unit potentials were generally of low amplitude and short duration. A biceps brachii muscle needle biopsy was performed. Journal of CLINICAL NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE


Abstract The document presented and discussed in this paper is one of the most important early Latterday Saint manuscripts associated with both the final months of Joseph Smith's life and the postmartyrdom (or apostolic) interregnum period. Written in late 1844 or early 1845, the document appears to have been drafted for possible use as an official statement by the Twelve concerning Joseph Smith's "last charge" to them, given at a special meeting held in late March 1844, three months before his death. On this occasion, the Prophet conferred upon the Twelve the priesthood keys and authority necessary to lead the Church following his death. The document is a powerful, declarative, united testimony that the Twelve were the authorized legal successors to Joseph Smith. Furthermore, the declaration provides valuable historical information concerning the March meeting--including where the meeting was held, which members of the Twelve were present, and the core of what Joseph Smith said on that occasion. Recommended Citation Baugh, Alexander L. (2010) "I Roll the Burthen and Responsibility of Leading This Church Off from My Shoulders on to Yours: The 1844/1845 Declaration of the Quorum of the Twelve Regarding Apostolic Succession," BYU Studies Quarterly: Vol. 49 : Iss. 3 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq/vol49/iss3/2  Download


ABSTRACT Statutory regional spatial strategies were abolished in England, United Kingdom in 2010. There are, however, increasing calls in favour of a re-introduction of statutory comprehensive spatial strategies at the regional level to enhance integrated economic growth and address exacerbating spatial inequalities. Through a survey and in-depth interviews conducted with experts and policymakers of the North-West region of England, this paper explores whether the introduction of such statutory strategies could find justificative grounds through policy integration of transportation, housing, and employment policies. We conclude with a set of mechanisms that could foster this re-introduction serving regional geographies beyond the North-West.


The design of a 75-m radius, 8-GeV storage ring to be used for stochastic cooling and accumulation of antiprotons is described. The stochastic cooling systems have imposed strenuous requirements on the lattice and the resulting ring design is rather novel.


A commercial plantation of green ash (5-8 cm dbh) infested with oystershell scale was chosen for evaluating effectiveness of insecticides against settled first stage nymphs. A KWH backpack mistblower, on aperature setting 3 operating at 0.75 throttle, was used to apply ca. 600 ml of finished spray to each of 4, single-tree replicates on 11 Jun. The sky was sunny at 24°C with a breeze of 8-15 kph during application. Twig sections with current generation scales were collected 29 Jun and transported to the laboratory under refrigeration. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by counting the number of maturing scales per 0.5 cm2 of bark surface. Only bark areas with current scale infestation were scrutinized during the evaluation.


One solution to signal delay in very large-scale integrated circuits is to use a low dielectric constant interlayer film, such as F-doped silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). By adding CF 4 to SiH 4 /N0 plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, we obtained F-doped SiO2 films with a dielectric constant as low as 2.6. We studied the mechanism behind this decrease in the dielectric constant by estimating the constants due to each polarization component (ionic, electronic, and orientational) using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra combined with the Kramers-Kronig relation, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The Kramers-Kronig calculations showed that ionic polarization decreased with increasing CF 4 concentration, whereas the electronic polarization remained almost constant. However, the low dielectric constant obtained by the C-V measurements could not be completely explained by the reduction in ionic and electronic polarizations but probably resulted from a decrease in the orientational polarization. Orientational polarization may be caused by Si-OH bonds and is mainly decreased by adding CF 4 . Therefore, an effective way to reduce the dielectric constant in F-doped SiO 2 films is to reduce the orientational polarization.


The impact of increasing air pollution on human health and the environment is a major concern worldwide. Exposure to air pollution is one of the leading risk factors and substantially contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. This review paper aims to examine the exposure of major air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide) and its association with respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive, and genotoxic adverse health outcomes that can cause DNA damage leading to genetic mutations. The study emphasized how a better understanding of source-receptor relationships and exposure assessment methodologies can support effective air quality management planning. Hence, there is a need to augment various exposure indicators (spatial modeling, personal/area monitoring, emphasizing central/rural site measurements, etc.) to generate reliable surrogates for informed decision-making. The critical drivers of anthropogenic interference for air pollution remain urbanization, growing vehicle use, and industrialization. This requires innovative approaches, such as energy-efficient and technologically sustainable solutions to gradually replace conventional fossil fuel from primary energy mix with renewable energy. It holds the key to meet future energy challenges and minimizing air pollution emissions. Further, there is an urgent need to frame effective public policy with graded mitigation actions to reduce the adverse impact of air pollution on human health and the environment.


The formulation of magnetically permeable adhesives (MPA's) and their use to join multisection magnetic shields are examined with application to shielding for magnetic bubble memory packages. MPA's offer a joining technique which reduces package size and avoids the degradation of shielding which occurs in assembling annealed shield cans by welding. It is shown that MPA's with permeability μ up to 10 with more than adequate mechanical strength can be formulated, and that μ can be increased by as much as 60% by magnetically orienting the MPA during setting. Design principles and shield designs compatible with MPA's are described, and data are provided to show that these new designs provide a marked improvement in shielding (by as much as a factor of four) along with size and weight reductions when compared with an earlier welded shield design.


Coal is an important resource for China and even for the whole world. With the improvement of mechanization, automation and intelligence of coal mining equipment in China, there has been an imbalance between the speed of mining and of excavating. Adopting efficient cutting paths is beneficial to improving roadway excavation efficiency and alleviating the imbalance between mining and excavation. In this paper, taking the 12307 belt roadway of Wangjialing Coal Mine as the research background, the geomechanical parameters and distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock were observed and studied, and the test results of in-situ stress, surrounding rock structure and surrounding rock strength were obtained. Based on the test results, a numerical model was established, and the stress and displacement distribution law of the surrounding rock of the roadway under different cutting paths were analyzed, and two optimal cutting paths were proposed based on the actual situation, and industrial tests were carried out. The test results show that using the "snake" cutting path from bottom to top, the roadway section forming effect is good, and a single cycle excavation takes 34 min, which verified the effectiveness of the cutting path design. On the basis of specific engineering geological conditions, excavation equipment and technology, combined with experimental testing, numerical simulation and other methods, the roadway excavation cutting path can be optimized, and the research results can provide a reference for the design of cutting paths for coal mine excavation roadways with the same geological conditions.


'Hwangdaok', a new maize F1 hybrid ( Zea mays L.), was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2016. The high-yielding yellow dent hybrid named 'Hwangdaok' was obtained by crossing between two inbred lines, 'KS203' and 'KS190'. After advanced yield trial in Suwon in 2012, regional yield trial was subsequently carried out to evaluate the growth and yield of 'Hwangdaok' at three different locations from 2014 to 2016. The number of days to silking of 'Hwangdaok' is 76. The plant height is 262 cm and ear height ratio is 51%, which are similar to those of 'Jangdaok'. It has resistance to lodging. The number of ears per 100 plants is 95. The ear length is 21.3 cm and weight of 100 seeds is 34.7 g, similar to those of 'Jangdaok'. It has moderate resistance to southern leaf blight ( Bipolaris maydis ) and European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis ). The grain yield (10 ton/ha) of 'Hwangdaok' is 6% higher than that of 'Jangdaok'. The seed production rate of 'Hwangdaok' is acceptable due to good synchronization of flowering period during crossing between the seed parent, KS203, and the pollen parent, KS190, in Yeongwol. F1 seed yield was 1.68 ton/ha. 'Hwangdaok' can be a suitable cultivar to plain areas in Korea. (Variety registration No. 7502).


We investigated the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the PKCδ gene. By deletion analysis of the ~1.4 kb (-1448 to +1, relative to transcription s art site) 5'-flanking sequence of the mouse PKC δ gene, we have identified a basal promoter region, nucleotide -148 to +1, required for sufficient PKC δ transcription in NIE115, MN9D, and N2a cells. We further identified two NFκB binding sites ( κB 1, κB 2) as well as a NERF1a site within the basal promoter as key regulatory elements in the mouse PKC δ TATA-less promoter. Subsequent functional studies using site-directed mutation analysis revealed that κB 1, but not κB 2, is necessary for PKC δ basal expression in both NIE115 and MN9D cells. To further facilitate analysis of the regulation of the PKC δ promoter, we cloned a ~2 kb (-1694 to +289) 5'-promoter segment of the mouse PKC δ gene including the putative PKC δ promoter (1694 bp) as well as the GC-rich sequences of the first, non -coding exon (289 bp). Deletion analysis of this region indicated the non-coding exon1 GC-rich region that contains multiple Sp sites, including four GC boxes and one CACCC box, greatly nhances the basal PKCδ promoter activity and directs the highest levels of transcripti on in NIE115 and MN9D cells. In addition, an upstream regulatory region containing adjacent re pressive and anti-repressive elements with opposing regulatory activities was identified within the region -712 to -560. Detailed mutagenesis revealed that each Sp site made a positive contribution to PKCδ promoter expression. Overexpression of Sp family proteins markedly stimulat ed PKCδ promoter activity without any synergistic transactivating effe ct in NIE115 cells. Furthermore, experiments in SL2 fly cells identified the long-isoform Sp3 as t he essential activator of PKCδ transcription. Importantly, both PKC δ promoter activity and endogenous PKC δ mRNA in NIE115 cells and primary striatal cultures were inhibit ed by the Sp protein


Translated from the original German by Jürgen Schiffer The 12th Congress of the International Track and Field Coaches Association (ITFCA) was held al Aix-lesBains, France, prior to the IAAF Worid Championships in Cross Country, The themes of the Congress were "Middle and Long Distance. Cross-Country and Road Racing", About 150 participants representing 27 countries attended. Opening speeches were given by ITFCA Honorary President Otto SZYMICZEK. ITFCA President George DALES, the President of the Organizing Committee Jean BOETE and the President of TAmicale des Entraineurs Frangais d'Athletisme Daniel LAMARE. After the opening ceremonies the business of the Congress began with a "round table" discussion which was followed by lectures from invited speakers. The most important points of the round table and the lectures are summarised below. In some cases the reporters' comments are also included.


This research addresses the concept of electronic self-portrayal in synchronous computermediated communication of ad-hoc virtual teams. Electronic self-portrayal is the extent to which a communication system portrays the true identity of its users. It is hypothesized that increased information available due to self-portrayal will have an effect upon the trust and performance of ad-hoc virtual teams. An experiment is conducted to isolate the effects of electronic self-portrayal by manipulating the graphical identification of users of a system as well as the rehearsability of the system. Rehearsability is the extent to which users are able to reread and edit their messages before submitting them to the synchronous communication system. Preliminary results show that the combination of both factors – identification and rehearsability – impacts interpersonal trust among team members. The implication of these results is that when too much true identity information is passed along the communication channel, inter-team trust is negatively impacted.


A.1. Model Setting Our model has three periods—which we label tt = 1, tt = 2, and tt = ∞—and a continuum of firms ff ∈ [0,1] who differ solely in terms of their exposure to a negative real shock that first hits the economy at tt = 1. All agents in the economy are risk neutral with a constant time-discount factor given by δδ ∈ (0,1). We use FFSStt to denote the mass of firms that are operating in state SStt at time tt. Specifically, it will turn out that all firms ff ∈ [0,FFSStt] will operate in state SStt at time tt. Each firm can be shut down at any date tt. If a firm is shut down it generates zero free cash flow in the period it is first shut down and in all future periods. If a firm is operating in a given period, it generates some free cash flow. If this free cash flow is positive, some portion of it can be paid out to the firm's outside investors. If the free cash flow is negative, it represents a take-it-or-leave-it investment that outside investors must make if the firm is to stay alive. If firm ff is operating at tt = 1 it generates a free cashflow of


In western countries, neighbourhood governance is a very important issue. However, in Taiwan, it has received little attention. This paper has reviewed relevant literatures, and founded that there were few studies on neighbourhood governance in Taiwan in the past and the main focus was on community governance and local governance. On the contrary, western countries have paid attention to participation in neighbourhood governance and operation of democracy. In the literature review, this study divides neighbourhood governance into three models: one is western style, another one is Chinese style, and the other is Taiwanese style. The Taiwanese style neighbourhood governance is still evolving, especially in a society with immigration of new immigrants. In this paper, in-depth qualitative interview was used to describe the current status of neighbourhood governance in Taiwan. During the interviews, it was found that the immigration of new immigrants would make the mode and operation of neighbourhood governance more different. In terms of a legal point, the design of Taiwan's neighbourhood governance includes village and community development association. Finally, this paper presents relevant analysis and conclusion.


A fast method for the recognition of planar objects in 3D space is proposed.It is based on an affine invariant constructed by the curvature information of a contour.After the location of starting point and re-arrangement of the constructed affine invariant,the final recognition can be implemented by the direct comparison of the similarity of affine invariant.Since the curvature can describe the contour features efficiently,the constructed invariant can provide a high performance in recognition.Moreover,the high recognition efficiency is obtained by the starting-point location technique instead of the circular shift matching which is of high complexity.The experimental results show high recognition accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method,which implies the superiority on the fast recognition applications.


Transport phenomena in an ion-exchange membrane containing both H + and K + are described using the multicomponent diffusion (extended Stefan-Maxwell) equations. Expressions for macroscopic transport parameters, i.e., conductivity, proton transference number, water electro-osmotic coefficient, and transport parameters characterizing diffusion at zero current, are derived as a function of the binary interaction parameters, D ij , used in the multicomponent transport equations. As experimental data for only four transport properties are available in the literature, the six D ij values cannot be determined in an unequivocal manner. It is in harmony with the data that D H + ,K + is large, and linear variations of In(D ij ) with y HM are assumed for the other D iJ coefficients. Values for the slopes of those linear variations are refined by nonlinear least-square regression on the four experimental transport properties. General governing equations to describe complete transport in the membrane with H + and K + are presented, and the model is used with particular boundary conditions to describe the behavior of a membrane used in a CO 2 -H 2 O electrolyzer. This provides some insights on macroscopic quantities such as the ohmic drop and water transport that are relevant for cell operation.


C-butylcalix[4]resorcinarene octabenzoate and octacinnamate have been synthesized and evaluated as absorbers for ultraviolet radiation. The C-butylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CBCR) was synthesized from resorcinol and pentanal using HCl as a catalyst in ethanol at 78 °C for 24 h to give CBCR 97% in yield. Synthesis of C-butylcalix[4]resorcinarene octabenzoate (CBCROB) and C-butylcalix[4]resorcinarene octacinnamate (CBCROC) were carried out via esterification of the CBCR with benzoyl chloride in pyridine at 60 °C for 2 h, producing CBCROB and CBCROC giving 46 and 66% yield, respectively. The chemical structure of all products was elucidated using FTIR and 1HNMR spectrometers. Furthermore, the sun protection factor (SPF) value and photostability of the synthesized compounds were determined based on UV-Vis spectrophotometer and lighting under UV lamp (intensity 0.27 mWcm2) over various time of 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The UV spectroscopic result and calculation gave the SPF value of CBCR, CBCROB, and CBCROC at 50 ppm concentrations were 3.80, 1.78, and 380, respectively. Therefore, CBCROC could be used as a sunscreen compound, especially within the UV-B region.


Submarine berthing plans reserve mooring locations for inbound U.S. Navy nuclear submarines prior to their port entrance. Once in port, submarines may be shifted to different berthing locations to allow them to better receive services they require or to make way for other shifted vessels. However, submarine berth shifting is expensive, labor inten- sive, and potentially hazardous. This article presents an optimization model for submarine berth planning and demonstrates it with Naval Submarine Base, San Diego. After a berthing plan has been approved and published, changed requests for services, delays, and early arrival of inbound submarines are routine events, requiring frequent revisions. To encourage trust in the planning process, the effect on the solution of revisions in the input is kept small by incorporating a persistence incentive in the optimization model. q 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 301 - 318, 1997. Although the Cold War has ended, United States Navy submarines remain very capable and effective ships of war: A smaller number of submarines operated from fewer submarine bases will continue to play a significant role in national defense. The wise use of time and resources while submarines are in port will improve the state of readiness of a smaller fleet. While in port, a submarine completes preventive and corrective maintenance, replenishes stores, and conducts training and certification tests to maintain high material and personnel readiness. Ideally, a submarine in port should devote its time exclusively to these activities. However, submarines frequently spend time shifting berths. Some shifts are necessary and some are not. Services such as ordnance loading and the use of special maintenance equip- ment require that a submarine be moored at a specific location. During periodic maintenance upkeep, personnel from a submarine tender assist the submarine crew, and berthing near the tender is preferable. During training, inspection, and other periods, it is desirable to berth closer to shore, near squadron offices and training facilities. When conditions permit,


Head-Worn Displays or so-called, near-to-eye displays have potentially significant advantages in terms of cost, overcoming cockpit space constraints, and for the display of spatially-integrated information. However, many technical issues need to be overcome before these technologies can be successfully introduced into commercial aircraft cockpits. The results of three activities are reported. First, the near-to-eye display design, technological, and human factors issues are described and a literature review is presented. Second, the results of a fixed-base piloted simulation, investigating the impact of near to eye displays on both operational and visual performance is reported. Straight-in approaches were flown in simulated visual and instrument conditions while using either a biocular or a monocular display placed on either the dominant or non-dominant eye. The pilot's flight performance, visual acuity, and ability to detect unsafe conditions on the runway were tested. The data generally supports a monocular design with minimal impact due to eye dominance. Finally, a method for head tracker system latency measurement is developed and used to compare two different devices.


The village is a sovereign area that has been strengthened since the introduction of the Village Law. Rural development has always been pursued through various forms of policies and programs that aim to utilize all potential resources optimally to improve the welfare of rural communities. One of the development approaches in the Village Law is integrated rural development, called the rural area development program (PKP). The different characteristics of development areas, approach models


This paper extends a previously developed process of constructing decorrelated state estimates for distributed fusion architectures where each processor uses multiple sensors to maintain target tracks in cluttered environments. This construction removes correlation with previous intermediate updates from current intermediate state updates at each sensor stage of a sequential filter to form the decorrelated sequences. These sequences are in turn used as measurements in the joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) filter at the global processor. The algorithm to construct the decorrelated sequences is presented and applied to a proposed distributed fusion system where each local processor receives measurements from multiple sensors.


Consider the following infinite dimensional stochastic evolution equation over some Hilbert space H with norm ∣·∣: Xt=x0+∫0tf(Xs,s)ds+∫0tg(Xs,s)dWs,   t⩾0, P almost surely


A highly efficient synthesis of the hydroxylated phenanthridone system is described. The synthesis features the ready preparation of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid skeleton by a Stille intramolecular Diels-Alder furan cycloaddition cascade. A lithium hydroxide induced fragmentation reaction was used to introduce the required it-bond in ring C.


We study the approximation of a function class F in L p by choosing first a basis B and then using n-term approximation with the elements of B. Into the competition for best bases we enter all greedy (i.e., democratic and unconditional [20]) bases for L p . We show that if the function class F is well-oriented with respect to a particular basis B then, in a certain sense, this basis is the best choice for this type of approximation. Our results extend the recent results of Donoho [9] from L2 to L p , p = 2. Date received: January 17, 2002. Final version received: October 29, 2002. Date accepted: July 25, 2002. Communicated by Wolfgang Dahmen. Online publication: December 16, 2002. AMS classification: 42C40, 46B70, 26B35, 42B25.


Exchange traded funds (ETFs) have expanded into nearly all asset classes since their launch on the ASX 10 years ago. They will soon be joined by the fixed-interest category of ETFs.


One of the most important properties of autonomous vehicle is the reliability which means to detect the fault by itself and then isolate the fault. This paper combined the neural-fuzzy model with the fault hypothesis test, and put forward a neuro-fuzzy model-based Cumulative-Sum (NFCUSUM) algorithm. It gave the assumptions aiming at the faults and set the alarm when the probability of the fault case was greater than the probability of the normal case. Under the fault case the system is called to have a fault, otherwise it is normal. The core of the NFCUSUM algorithm is to find a logic fault detector (decision function) which expresses whether the fault occurs at one sample time. The design idea of the decision function is that the system is suffered a fault and gives alarm when the value of the decision function is over the preset threshold; otherwise the system is in normal mode. The simulation results in Matlab show that the logic fault detector designed by the NFCUSUM algorithm in this paper is practical, efficient and robust.


The agricultural sector is responsible for around 85% of global freshwater consumption. Spatial variations of the water footprint (WF) of agricultural products can be employed to mitigate regional ...


Purpose: To investigate the role of miR-134 in vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction-related cardiovascular disease. Methods: The effect of miR-134 was evaluated after human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were transfected with miR-134 mimics. The expression levels of p-Akt, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), cleaved caspase-3, p53, and β-actin were evaluated by immunoblotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling was used to measure cell apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species levels were assayed by fluorescence microscopy after staining with 2',7'– dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results: Angiotensin II treatment induced miR-134 expression and Akt/mTOR activation, and inhibited cell viability in HASMCs (p < 0.01). Co-treatment with miRNA-134 reversed Ang II-induced HASMC dysfunction (p < 0.01). Overexpression of miR-134 is protective in Ang II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR pathway (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MicroRNA-134 in HASMCs is a potential therapeutic target for preventing Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction via modulating Akt/mTOR pathway.


To investigate the effects of individual chromosomes on freezing resistance, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, reciprocal sets of chromosome substitution lines between two hard red winter wheat cultivars, 'Cheyenne' and 'Wichita', were used in this study. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Two experiments were carried out in complete block designs with two replications for each duplicate. Crown and leaf water content and leaf wet weight were measured in the field experiments. Crown survival, electrolyte leakage and 50% lethality temperature (LT50) were measured in the laboratory. The results showed that 'Cheyenne' was more resistant than 'Wichita'. Crown survival was significantly correlated with crown water content, crown wet weight and electrolyte leakage. Chromosomes 6A, 3B and 5D substituted from 'Wichita' into 'Cheyenne' ('CNN-WI'), decreased the crown survival, and increased membrane stability, crown water content and crown wet weight of 'Cheyenne'. Thus, these chromosomes from 'Wichita' decreased freezing resistance in 'Cheyenne'. Reciprocally, chromosomes 5A, 5D, 3B and 4D from 'Cheyenne' into 'Wichita' increased crown survival and decreased crown water content and crown wet weight of 'Wichita'. It was concluded that these chromosomes from 'Cheyenne' cause freezing resistance in 'Wichita' and carry freezing-resistance genes.


Each October, schools submit to the Texas Education Agency (TEA) their National School Lunch Program ( NSLP) participation data, which is validated and typically available for public review during the year. The following are links to data reported to TEA by schools. If you do not have Excel, you may need to down


Previous studies have demonstrated right-sided precordial leads could reflect mostly right atrial (RA) activity, while posterior lead V9 could reflect mostly left atrial (LA) activity. 18 synthesized lead ECG enables us to extrapolate posterior leads V7-9 and right- sided precordial leads (V3R-V5R). Therefore, we conducted a preliminary study on whether synthesized leads are able to evaluate both atrial activities during atrial fibrillation. We recorded the standard 12-lead ECG, posterior leads V7-V9, right-sided precordial leads V3R-V5R and intracardiac electrograms (EGM) in the RA, LA and coronary sinus (CS) simultaneously from 1 male subject with paroxysmal AF before pulmonary vein isolation. The corresponding dominant frequency (DF) was estimated from the peak frequency of each lead's fibrillatory wave or EGM's FFT. The DFs in LA from EGMs in CS and LA (5.1 and 5.1 Hz) were consistent with that in lead V9 (5.1 Hz). Furthermore, that in synthesized lead V9 showed a close value (5.0 Hz). Furthermore, the DF in intracardiac RA (4.8 Hz) was close to that in V1 (4.8 Hz) and V3R-V5R. Synthesize lead V9 may evaluate the LA activity, and help in monitoring AF and identifying ablation sites through combining with the standard 12-lead ECG.


The White-rumped Swiftlet Aerodramus spodiopygius chillagoensis was studied during a good and a poor season at Chillagoe, Queensland. Most of the nests were in totally dark sections of caves where a single nest and colonies containing 4-264 nests were visited. The clutch of one was incubated for an average of 26.6 days during the better season when 64% of eggs hatched successfully. Lost clutches or young broods were usually replaced within 14 days. Fledging success in the good season was 69% giving a breeding success of 44% or 0.9 young fledged from the two broods of a breeding pair. In the poor season incubation took 27.8 days, hatching success was 60%, fledging success was 50% and the nestling period had increased from 46.1 days in the better year to 51.0 days in the poor year. While the fledging rate for the single-egg clutch of chillagoensis is well below that of the two-egg clutch of A. s. assimilis, the unique practice of laying a second single-egg clutch for the first chick to incubate, increases the breeding rate in good seasons to almost that of arsimih. There is no sexual dimorphism and both sexes share in incubation and feeding nestlings. Chicks were fed an average of 5.2 times a day. Most chick mortality resulted from the chicks falling from their nests, while the major ectoparasites (louse-flies) are thought to be unimportant to survival. Even though immediate energy demands were increased by synchronising moult and breeding, the length of time to complete the moult of primaries was as short as any apodid studied so far and is shorter than some that moult independently of breeding.


We perform an analytical study of the integrated Sachs–Wolfe (ISW) effect within the framework of unified dark matter models based on a scalar field which aim at a unified description of dark energy and dark matter. Computing the temperature power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies we are able to isolate those contributions that can potentially lead to strong deviations from the usual ISW effect occurring in a ΛCDM universe. This helps to highlight the crucial role played by the sound speed in the unified dark matter models. Our treatment is completely general in that all the results depend only on the speed of sound of the dark component and thus it can be applied to a variety of unified models, including those which are not described by a scalar field but rely on a single dark fluid.


Due to the burdensome tasks and harsh space environment, a free-swinging joint failure of space manipulators is prone to happen, leading to a task failure. To ensure the remaining task can be completed, the reachable range of the underactuated space manipulator is analyzed to judge whether the task locates at the reachable range of the underactuated manipulator. And then taking into account the controllability of the space manipulator, a position control algorithm is proposed to control the free-swinging joint move to the desired angle. Finally, a 7-DOF space manipulator is carried out to analyze the reachable range of the free-swinging joint, and verify the effectiveness of the position control algorithm. The strategy has two advantages: 1) Based on nonholonomic constraints of the underactuated manipulator, the reachable range of the free-swinging joint is analyzed through considering the possible influential factors. 2) A position control algorithm considering the controllability for the space manipulator is proposed to control the free-swinging joint move to the desired angle within its reachable range.


The article deals with a method for analysing slender masonry columns. The proposed method uses material and geometric non-linearity. Various stress-strain diagrams can be used: linear, linear-plastic, parabolic-plastic, two various parabolic and rigid-plastic. In all cases, the tensile strength is neglected. The method can be used for analysing the column in accordance with Eurocodes in two ways: SLS (serviceability limit state) and ULS (ultimate limit state). The internal forces are calculated on a general beam model, with imperfections in both directions, which result in two bending moments in two perpendicular planes – biaxial bending. This case is not covered by the current code – Eurocode, even though all columns are more or less loaded in both directions. In this numerical study, using Matlab software, an algorithm was developed for modelling a real 3D case. The results of this study are also compared to the results of laboratory tests of masonry columns.


Energy is an important production factor and therefore should be managed in parallel with land, labor and capital. Energy resources and their utilization intimately relate to sustainable development. In attaining sustainable development, increasing the energy efficiencies of processes utilizing sustainable energy resources plays an important role. A sustainable energy system may be regarded as a cost-efficient, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy system that effectively utilizes local resources and networks. Energy efficiency and conservation measures have the potential to promote economic development, ensuring access to energy and can lead to job creation and saving of personal income. More also, energy efficiency will play a pivotal role in the mitigation of climate change. In Nigeria, up to half of the energy currently consumed can be saved in the country if energy is efficiently utilized. The major challenge has been that energy policy in Nigeria has undermined the importance and gains of energy efficiency to the environment and economic growth. This paper assesses possible ways to efficient energy utilization and conservation measures for sustainable energy development in economic sectors in Nigeria. I. INTRODUCTION Energy, it is an essential ingredient for socio-economic development and economic growth. The objective of the energy system is to provide energy services. Energy services are the desired and useful products, processes or indeed services that result from the use of energy, such as for lighting, provision of air-conditioned indoor climate, refrigerated storage, transportation, appropriate temperatures for cooking, industrial processes such as conversion of raw materials to final products, etc. The energy chain to deliver these cited services begins with the collection or extraction of primary energy, which is then converted into energy carriers suitable for various end-uses. These energy carriers are used in energy end-use technologies to provide the desired energy services (1) . Energy is central to sustainable development and poverty reduction efforts. It affects all aspects of development-social, economic, and environmental-including livelihoods, access to water, agricultural productivity, health, population levels, education, and gender related issues. None of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) can be met without major improvements in the quality and quantity of energy services in developing countries. Energy is intrinsically linked with sustainable development at the local, national, and regional levels. At the local level, modern energy is required to improved the overall quality of life (especially, that of the poor) by enhancing productive activities and enterprise, which will result in increased incomes. At national and regional levels, adequate modern energy leads to stable economic development, promotion of trade, and enhancement of participation in global markets, besides the added benefits of better social and economic linkages (2). The term 'Sustainable Development' has been popularised by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), in its 1987 report entitled, 'Our Common Future'. The Commission defined sustainable development as 'the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs'(3). Sustainable development stands on three pillars in terms of its definition for the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD): social development, economic development and environmental development. As the very basis of development, energy use is closely related to the level of productivity in the industry, commerce, agriculture and even in office activities. Energy consumption per capita is one of the indicators or benchmarks for measuring the standard of living of a people or nation. The unprecedented use of energy which began with the industrial revolution certainly brought about massive increases in productivity and changes in lifestyle. Since then energy demand has been in the increase - to produce more products, travel further and faster or to be more comfortable. Physically, energy is defined as the capacity for doing work. The capacities of energy to do work are inherent properties of energy carriers. Although energy cannot be created nor destroyed according to classical thermodynamics, its capacity for doing work can be degraded and destroyed due to system irreversibility in line with the logic of the second law of thermodynamics (4). Some of the common energy carriers or sources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear fuels, biomass etc. All of these, the most widely used energy sources are the hydrocarbon compounds or fossil fuels which account for more than 80%


A random-effects model of the relationship of drug dosage to potentially correlated binary variables for efficacy andtoxicity is developed, in which values of logistic dose-response parameters are allowed to vary among individuals. Parameter estimation is difficult, but Monte Carlo simulations can be used to determine the consequences of incorrectly applying a fixed-effects model of independence of efficacy and toxicity to data actually generated by the random-effects mechanism. Of particular interest is the spread of individuals' therapeutic windows' of doses about the overall population window that would be deduced from application of the model of independence. The scatter and dimensions of the windows are strongly influenced by the variances of the median effective (μ1) and median toxic (μ2) doses and by their separation (μ2 − μ1)- The correlation between μ1 and μ2 has surprisingly little effect on the pattern of individuals' windows, but it does result in an imbalance in the values of μ1 in subjects w...


Ballistic resistance tests were carried out on high-strength martensitic homogeneous steel plates with different thickness and the perforated steel plates,using 53-type ordinary ball and 53-type armor-piercing incendiary.The influence of obliquity effect on the ballistic performance under the different types of bullet and the structure of plates was studied.The results show that with the oblique angle increasing,the ballistic performance of homogeneous steel plates against the 53-type ordinary ball and 53-type armor-piercing incendiary increases.Moreover,ballistic performance against the 53-type ordinary ball is not sensitive to oblique angle,while it is contrary for 53-type armor-piercing incendiary.When the steel plate is impacted at ricochet angle,the critical thickness of plate against 53-type ordinary ball and 53-type armor-piercing incendiary is roughly equal.The perforated steel plate impacted at large oblique angle has preferable ballistic performance;while at normal impact,the ballistic performance of the perforated steel plate deteriorates obviously by edge effect.


Aiming at the problem that the classification results of disaster recovery storage technology are inaccurate, resulting in poor load balance, in order to improve the stability of storage load and ensure the security and integrity of massive data, this paper studies the design of power marketing data cloud disaster recovery and consistent storage technology based on blockchain technology. The storage classification model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is established, the single factor evaluation standard is obtained, and the maximum unit cost of users is calculated; Design the consistency algorithm of power marketing data disaster recovery and storage, and get the consistency technology of data disaster recovery and storage. The parameters such as backup data volume, average bandwidth, multicast scale and number of nodes are changed respectively, and the comparative experimental results show that blockchain technology has higher load balance and better disaster recovery storage effect than other methods.


In order to exploring the developing space of the neutral clothing,the history evolution the developing space of the neutral clothing are analyzed in detail. The development of sports and the change of the people's (aesthetic) concept are illustrated .The results show that neutral clothing have an infinite of exist and development (rather) than an accietental and individual phenomena.


İntroduction. With this study, it was aimed to determine the attitudes of the students of the faculty of sports sciences towards international sports organizations.

İt is aimed to examine these attitudes of sport Sciences students according to demographic variables.

Material and methods. The working group of the Research consists of 264 students who study at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Faculty of Sport Sciences in the 2020-2021 academic year. 117 of the students are female (%44,3) and 147 are male (%55,7). In the research, "Attitude Scale for International Sports Organizations" developed by Aktas and Kan (2018) was used. The normality distribution of the data was examined with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the analysis of the differences between parameters was evaluated with the MANOVA and ANOVA tests in the line with the information obtained.


We describe a new image-processing algorithm for estimating both the egomotion of an outdoor robotic platform and the structure of the surrounding terrain. The algorithm is based on correlation, and is embedded in an iterative, multi-resolution framework. As such, it is suited to outdoor ground-based and underwater scenes. Both single-camera rigs and multiple-camera rigs can be accommodated. The use of multiple synchronized cameras results in more rapid convergence of the iterative approach. We describe how the algorithm operates, and give examples of its application to three robotic domains: 1) autonomous mobility of ground-based outdoor robots, 2) reconnaissance tasks on ground-based vehicles, and 3) underwater robotics.


A perspective model of a neuron cell — the generalized neural element (GNE) is studied in this article. The model has an universal character. It combines properties of a neuron-oscillator and a neuron-detector. In this structure cyclic sequential pulse generation elements of the ring are studied. A nonlinear mapping for mismatches between pulses of neighboring elements is constructed. We prove the existence of a fixed point of this mapping (threshold value of mismatches) and its stability in a small neighborhood of the fixed point. In doing so the existence of a stable oscillatory mode of neural activity (attractor) of a certain type is proved. The parameters of the attractor (threshold values of mismatches) can be controlled in advance, due to the choice of synaptic weights of the links in the ring.


A sample of pure, artificial hellyerite was synthesized in aqueous solution at 0 °C. The recorded X-ray diffraction pattern completely agrees with the reference data given for natural hellyerite. Laboratory high resolution X-ray powder diffraction, applying global optimization methods and Rietveld refinement, was employed to solve the crystal structure. Synthetic hellyerite was determined to crystallize in the primitive monoclinic space group P2/m (no. 10) with a = 10.769(2) A, b = 7.295(2) A, c = 9.343(2) A, and β = 94.042(2)°. The crystal structure consists of edge-linked, isolated pairs of Ni2(CO3)2(H2O)8 octahedra and non-coordinating water molecules. According to structure solution and thermal analysis the molecular formula of hellyerite was corrected from NiCO3·6H2O to NiCO3·5.5H2O. The title compound was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR-, Raman-, and UV/Vis spectroscopy.


In recent years, Japan's tourism industry has been affected by a rapid increase in visitors from China . This surge in Chinese travelers is mainly due to the depreciati on of the yen, which has reduced the prices of fligh ts and goods; in addition, the traditional Japanese approach to hosp itality, known as ometenashi, has always been admire d by the Chinese. However, most previous studies in this field have addressed the experiences and evaluation of Ch inese tourists visiting Japan for the first time. The current stud y provides a new perspective on service delivery: th at of the service provider. The aim of this study was to explore the provision of good service content in Japan from the p rspective of the service provider, specifically Chinese who have worked in Japan's service industry with experience of worki ng in Japan's service industry. These respondents were fam ili r with the actual processes of service delivery in both Japan(as providers) and China(as customers/service recipient s). To examine the perceptions of this important gr oup, we conducted a questionnaire survey targeting Chinese s tudents with experience of working in the Japanese se rvice industry. The responses were discussed and analyzed, offering comparative insights into the quality of service provision in Japan and China.


This article presents the comparative experimental analysis of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique applied to three phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The optimization technique has been applied to VSI with switching angles as variables and total harmonic distortion (THD) as an objective function. These optimized pulse patterns are obtained by the Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization technique (APSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques (HPSO). These obtained switching pulses has been applied to three phase VSI in Simulink software and results are verified by conducting the experiments. Further, ATMEGA 16 micro controller has been used to obtain the optimized switching pulses. Thus obtained results has been compared and constructive concluding remarks has been given.


In 1904 two London-based scientists became the first British citizens to be awarded the Nobel prize. Lord Rayleigh, at the Davy–Faraday Research Laboratories of the Royal Institution, won the Physics prize "for his investigation of the densities of the most important gases and for the discovery of argon in connection with these studies"; and Sir William Ramsay of University College, London, won the Chemistry prize "for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system." The significance of their discoveries, in particular their remarkable joint paper ("Argon, a New Constituent of the Atmosphere", Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 1895, 186, 187–241) is seen to be even more profound now than it was a century ago. But it must not be thought that these two individuals, like some other scientists who have won the Nobel prize subsequently, were focused upon and conquered just one large problem. On the contrary, these two, in diverse ways, were scientific giants, in ways not revealed by the Nobel citation, and the lessons that present-day practitioners in chemical science may draw from the talents, insights, generosity of spirit, humanity, activity, and achievements of Rayleigh and Ramsay are not only instructive to ponder but inspirational to aspiring young scientists (Figure 1). An Outline of Rayleigh's Career


The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between resilience and personal self-concept in pardoned for the crimes of terrorism and treason, which are part of the population affected by political violence in Peru. The sample consist of 34 pardoned and they completed the Resilience Scale (ER) and Personal Self-Concept Questionnaire (APE). The results show a positive moderated correlation between resilience and the component Self-realization and Integrity of personal self-concept was found (r = .657, p < .001).


It arouses attention in cardiovascular field that the changes of telomere length and telomerase activity during occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases.The review summarized the changes of telomerase expression and activity in normal heart,the relation between telomerase and cardiovascular diseases such as injured myocardium,coronal atherosclerosis,heart failure and so on,and the technologies and methods of measuring telomere length and telomerase activity in the heart.


Theoretically it should be possible to detect circulating solid cerebral emboli as high intensity signals on a Doppler ultrasound display, and recently such signals have been noted in patients with potential embolic sources. An in vivo validation study was carried out. Pathological emboli (atheroma, thrombus and platelet aggregates) were introduced into the sheep proximal carotid artery while the ipsilateral distal carotid artery was insonated using a transcranial Doppler ultrasound machine. A total of 74 emboli, with sizes as small as 0-2 mm, were introduced and all were detected as short duration high intensity signals. Smaller emboli could not be made, but microspheres as small as 10 microns were detected. A logarithmic correlation was found between embolus size and amplitude of signal (thrombus rho = 0-87, platelet 0-97, atheroma 089); the signal associated with platelet emboli was significantly less intense than that with thrombus (p < 0-05) or atheroma (p < 0 005). A significant linear correlation was found between embolus size and duration of high intensity signal (thrombus r = 0 91, platelet 0-82, atheroma 0 82). This new technique will allow detection of circulating cerebral emboli in humans. Analysis of signal parameters will give information on the size, and possibly the nature, of such emboli. It may allow selection of patients with particularly high risk of subsequent embolic stroke. Similar signals have been detected in subjects with carotid stenosis and cardiac valvular disease.


Taking the advantages of CFD technique and potential flow theory,green water flow and its impact on the deck for a vessel advancing in waves with high speed have been investigated by 3-D numerical simulation method,which integrally considers the effects of bow flare,water swell-up,wave and body motions.A Foredeck Simulation Model (FDSM) based on the simulation of whole ship motions is established for simulating the green water flow behavior and its impact loads on the deck structures.The simulation is realized by extending the function of the commercial software Fluent,in which the vessel motion is calculated using potential theory.The green water flow behavior and impact load on deck are calculated and analyzed for the case of S175 ship advancing in head waves (Fn=0.3).Numerical results agree well with the corresponding experimental ones.It indicates the present method can be applied to predict and analyze the impact forces on floating structures due to green water.It also can be regarded as a good engineering approach to evaluate the green water effects.


In this paper, we introduce a framework for secure two-party (S2P) computations, which we call bureaucratic computing, and we demonstrate its efficiency by designing practical S2P computations for sorting, selection, and random permutation. In a nutshell, the main idea behind bureaucratic computing is to design data-oblivious algorithms that push all knowledge and influence of input values down to small black-box circuits, which are simulated using Yao's garbled paradigm. The practical benefit of this approach is that it maintains the zero-knowledge features of secure two-party computations while avoiding the significant computational overheads that come from trying to apply Yao's garbled paradigm to anything other than simple two-input functions.


Optimum management of intraabdominal sepsis requires the judicious use of appropriate surgical procedures and simultaneous antibiotic administration. A number of appropriate antibiotics and antibiotic combinations are available for intraabdominal sepsis, but most data still favor combinations of an antiaerobic drug, most often an aminoglycoside, and an antianaerobic drug--and possibly a third agent effective against enterococci.


A multi-source remote sensing image matching method using directional phase feature is proposed to solve the problem of matching multi-source remote sensing images with nonlinear radiometric differences. Firstly, feature points of reference image are extracted uniformly. And then phase congruency energy images in multiple directions are calculated using Log-Gabor filters. Dense character descriptions of feature points of the reference image are built. Finally, correspondences are obtained by sliding matching window and Taylor series expansion is used to fit to the sub pixel accuracy. Experiments on three groups of real heterogeneous remote sensing images show that the proposed method can achieve stable and reliable matching results on optical, infrared, multi-spectral and SAR (synthetic aperture radar)images.


In a context of increasingly demanding performances, different product design actors are invited to collaborate narrowly in order to conclude their project. These increasingly specific requirements in precise domains lead to a global increase of the actors' knowledge patrimony. The interaction of various types of knowledge during the collaboration phases highlighted the need for structuring this inheritance so as to be able to re-use it advisedly throughout the product life cycle, thus preventing possible conflicts. The multiplicity of expertises and viewpoints of the actors involved in the design project is an amplification factor of these conflicts. In this context, we propose a solution to manage and solve conflicts within design problems. Based on a framework for collaborative products design specifically dedicated to conflicts handling we propose a software infrastructure to allow the various conflict implied actors to structure their exchanges and to capitalize the evoked solutions with a reuse purpose in other projects: the CO MED (COllaborative COnflict Management in Engineering Design) application. We validate this one on an industrial case resulting from the design of a converter at Alstom Power Conversion Nancy.


Intended herein is directed to a shower in value brush 50 is capable of de-mounting devices. For horses from one to five teeth were blessed teeth of people are trashing the chopped food pronunciation and esthetic important role. These days, more than twice the national income and improve at least one day due to a rise in people's hygiene is to brush all ages. The importance of brushing teeth left no stressed enough excess brushing teeth after ingestion of food scraps and mouth to prevent infection of various bacteria coming, periodontitis occurs in the mouth, not the plaque cleaned well, gingivitis, Qilu salt, gum disease, tooth decay, bad breath haneundedo prevent the disease disease plays a very important role. This devise is then using the natural water pressure may be 10, and the cost of people's teeth as Chi sole mechanism equipped with a shower in the head (70) containing water dissolved toothpaste and saliva into a separate brushing cup to rinse a chaser, or you pumpin water on the enemy capital (10) attached to the sink, place garang bowed his head and went directly to his mouth there are inconveniences that should rinse your mouth with water intake by mouth. The subject innovation is such inconvenience as a single touch type water ejected without using the power considering the sanitary property to the handle of tooth brush switch 220 and dial pressure control switch 100 is attached, and can also be 10 a for an integer of means to go through the constant wheel another 170 ejected from the nose of value effectiveness and sterilizing the water by a built-in aroma sterilizing filter 180 passes through the wheel another toothbrush to brush all a plurality of nozzles 80 placed beneath 60 and presented. In addition, the one-touch type detachable tip (110) was used to easily and cleaning of the teeth with the toothbrush sanitary infrastructure that and the teeth and food debris removal between the teeth and gums and tongue, in the installation state removes the complex de-type shower to massage As for the expression system.


In this work a method is proposed for measurements of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics for individual semiconductor nanowhiskers (NWs) standing on the growth surface. It is shown that conductive probe of atomic force microscope (AFM) can be placed at the top of nanowhiskers with a great precision and used as a stable local electrode. For that, a fixation of NWs is necessary to avoid lateral bending of NWs under pressure of AFM probe. In the present work we have studied current-voltage characteristics of NWs with radial heterostructure GaAs/AlGaAs grown under Au droplets on GaAs substrate. For fixation, NWs were partially overgrown with GaAs layer. The current-voltage characteristics measurements on the fixed NWs permitted to investigate the Si-doping of GaAlAs/GaAs NWs. They were found to be Schottky barrier p-type curves, what shows that Si-atoms incorporate into GaAs NWs with a formation of acceptor centres contrary to the case of bulk GaAs. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is a patogen currently threatening sustainable coffee production all across the world where coffee is grown. Yield losses can reach up to 50 % of the production in Brazil and primarily affect regions at low altitude. Costs associated with the rust has been estimated to 616 million USD from 2012-2014 in Central America. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the three different strategies used in handling the pathogen with regard to environmental aspects and economic possibilities of coffee growers in Latin America. This study demonstrates that while chemical control is efficient, other measures must be taken to ensure a sustainable agriculture. Despite initial success with resistance breeding many cultivars have lost resistance within a few years as a result of an evolution of H. vastatrix, pointing to the need of developing better cultivars with sustainable resistance and to then increase the availability and economic possibilities for small-scale coffee growers to incorporate such methods. Lastly, agroecological control of coffee leaf rust has shown potential by promoting an autonomous pest control and sustainability. However, the system has been demonstrated to be complex with different pathogen suppressive results at different locations, demanding excellent knowledge before proper recommendations can be made. Furthermore, the agroecolocial effects and costs associated with the method need to be quantified and compared to chemical control and control by resistance in order to aid the decision-making of coffee growers with the big aim of creating a sustainable agriculture with less severe pest occurence. (Less)


To analyze responses of solid tumor to treatments and to compare treatment effects with antitumor therapies, we applied semiparametric mixed-effects models to fit tumor volumes measured over a period. The population and individual nonparametric functions were approximated by smoothing spline. We also proposed an intuitive method for a comparison of the antitumor effects of two different treatments. Biological interpretation was also discussed.


This paper describes a method for finding structural matching between parallel sentences of two languages, (such as Japanese and English). Parallel sentences are analyzed based on unification grammars, and structural matching is performed by making use of a similarity measure of word pairs in the two languages. Syntactic ambiguities are resolved simultaneously in the matching process. The results serve as a useful source for extracting linguistic and lexical knowledge.


Learning competence is the basic quality of learning system,while subject learning competence is the quality of subject learning system.Stronger learning system, makes learning competence more excellent,which gets learning quality and efficiency higher. By exploring the elements and roles of learning competence,teachers can insight into the learning competence and potential of students,and solve the problem of each student by the guidance of systematic viewpoint.Students can fully develop their potential after knowing the actual state of their own learning competence elements."Learning competence education" should be the main task of learning guidance,which is the indispensable fundamental part of the quality education in our country.Therefore,the requirement of improving the subject learning competence should be included in the course syllabus as a teaching task of main course in primary and secondary schools and basic courses in colleges.


With the reformation of justice in our country,judicial power and the construction of judicial power have been paid more and more attention.In the western countries,it has made an approach to make judicial power get rid of kingship according to the nomocracy principle,to affirm the constitutional position and action of judicial power,and to perfect the characteristic system of justice independency,that is to say,an approach of nomocracy construction of judicial power.So maybe we can use the research on this historical problem for reference to push and deepen the justice reform in our country.


Historically market forces have generated an asymmetry between the consumer and producer and/or supplier, to the point of reduce protection to a large extent the weaker party in the market-consumer relationship. The State has been playing a preponderant role, providing tools to defend the interests of consumers. In the Colombian context, these attempts have been materialized with the issuance of the socalled Consumer Statute, Law 1480 of 2011, and especially with the jurisdictional functions of a special character, attributed by Decree 4886 of 2011 to the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce (SIC). Faced with such important advances, regarding safeguarding consumer rights, it is possible to analyze whether, with the normative tools, these special subjects are effectively protected against situations that endanger their rights, by providing suitable mechanisms or procedures that guarantee the adequate and timely exercise of the same.


We study coaxial superpositions of Gaussian optical vortices described by a geometric progression. The topological charge (TC) is obtained for all variants of such superpositions. The TC can be either integer or half-integer in the initial plane. However, it always remains integer when the light field propagates in free space. In the general case, the geometric progression of optical vortices (GPOV) has three integer parameters and one real parameter, values which define its TC. The GPOV does not conserve its intensity structure during propagation in free space. However, the beam can have the intensity lobes whose number is equal to one of the family parameters. If the real GPOV parameter is equal to one, then all angular harmonics in the superposition are of the same energy. In this case, the TC of the superposition is equal to the order of the average angular harmonic in the progression. Thus, if the first angular harmonic in the progression has the TC of k and the last harmonic has the TC of n, then the TC of the entire superposition in the initial plane is equal to (n + k)/2, but the TC is equal to n during propagation. The experimental results on generating of the GPOVs by a spatial light modulator are in a good agreement with the simulation results.


We present studies of Abrikosov vortex motion across the magnetically charged edges of long thin ferromagnetic stripes placed above or under a thin superconducting film. The magnetic charges at the stripe edges form attractive or repulsive potential wells for vortices. Using a relatively small in-plane magnetic field to polarize the stripe edges and normal-to-plane magnetic field to induce up or down polarized vortices, we tune the attractive or repulsive stripe-vortex interactions. Imaging of the vortex dynamics reveals that the repulsive magnetic potential ${{U}_{m}}^{+}$ acts as a robust vortex pinning barrier, while the attractive ${{U}_{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has practically no effect on the vortex motion irrespective of the position of the stripes located above or underneath the superconducting film. We analyze the observed asymmetry using equations of the overdamped vortex motion. The formal analytical solution yields an asymmetry, but the numerical modeling with and without noise terms does not confirm it. Instead, we find that the asymmetry is caused by the creation of spontaneous vortices at the maxima of ${U}_{m}$, which depends on the edge polarity and suppress ${{U}_{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. Furthermore, our experiment and time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations demonstrate that magnetic pinning dominates over vortex pinning due to corrugations of the superconducting layer deposited on top of the ferromagnetic stripes.


The article discusses the current state of the monetary – credit sphere in the former states of the Soviet Union. The authors note that, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, which led to the defragmentation of the monetary system, is an important event in the formation of the financial sector in Central Asia. The single monetary and financial system, which was adapted to the conditions of the planned economy, had started rapidly falling apart. The result was a break of the traditionally existing economic ties.
It is important to note that the monetary policy has a direct impact on the major macro-economic indicators such as GDP, employment and the level of prices. It is thus important to have a solid legal base. The accelerated formation of national monetary systems in Central Asian states has required the creation of genuinely independent emission center as the Central Banks of Central Asia. Since 1994, Central Asian governments have begun to carry out macroeconomic regulation, mutual settlement in the economy and emission activity.
The next step was a reform of the banking system in Central Asia. At the beginning of the independence of the Central Asian states a legal framework was created and a transition was made to a two-tier banking system. According to the adopted laws in the countries of Central Asia, a two-tier banking system was formed, where the upper level was represented by the State Bank of the region (with emission rights), and the bottom were - commercial and government specialized. Creating second tier banks was a response to the needs of the Central Asian countries.


The problem of estimating rigid motion from projections may be characterized using a nonlinear dynamical system, composed of the rigid motion constraint and the perspective map. The time derivative of the output of such a system, which is called the \motion eld" and approximated by the \optical ow", is bilinear in the motion parameters, and may be used to specify a subspace constraint on either the direction of translation or the inverse depth of the observed points. Estimating motion may then be formulated as an optimization task constrained on such a subspace 4]. We pose the optimization problem in a system theoretic framework as the the identiication of a nonlinear implicit dynamical system with parameters on a diierentiable man-ifold, and use techniques which pertain to nonlinear estimation and identiication theory to perform the optimization task in a principled manner. The application of a general method presented in 12] results in a recursive and pseudo-optimal solution of the visual motion estimation problem, which has robustness properties far superior to other existing techniques we have implemented. Experiments on real and synthetic image sequences show very promising results in terms of robustness, accuracy and computational eeciency. Let a scene be represented by a set of N feature points in 3D space moving rigidly with respect to the viewer; the \visual motion estimation" problem is deened by the rigidity constraint and the perspective projection equations. If where n i represents an error in measuring the position of the projection of the point i and represents an ideal perspective projection. Solving the visual motion problem consists of estimating the ego-motion V; from all the visible points, i.e. reconstructing the input of the above system from its measured output. We show that it is possible to invert the above system using a technique which has been recently introduced in 12] for identifying nonlinear implicit systems with parameters on a topological manifold. The scheme is motivated by the work of Heeger and Jep-son 4, 5] and may be considered as a recursive solution of their task using methods which pertain to the eld of non-linear estimation and identiication theory. As a result, the minimization task which is the core of the subspace method for recovering rigid motion needs not to be performed by extensive search, as it is done in 4]. Instead, an Implicit Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF) 2, 7, 8, 12] is in charge of estimating …


The dispersion characteristics and rheology of organoclay nanocomposites based on a thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer (TLCP) having pendent functional group were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and oscillatory shear rheometry. For the study, a segmented main-chain TLCP having pendent pyridyl group (PyHQ12) was synthesized and, for comparison, another segmented main-chain TLCP having pendent phenylsulfonyl group (PSHQ12) was synthesized, both TLCPs having the identical chemical structure for the main-chain backbone. The differences in phase transition temperature and rheological behavior observed between PyHQ12 and PSHQ12 are explained in terms of the self-associating characteristics of the pendent pyridyl group in PyHQ12. PyHQ12 and PSHQ12 were used to prepare nanocomposites with two commercial organoclays:  one (Cloisite 30B) was natural clay (montmorillonite) treated with a surfactant (MT2EtOH) having hydroxyl groups, and the other (Cloisite 20A)...


Movement is caused by applying a succession of uniformly increased forces. The accelerations produced are in turn plotted, by means of the Vector Trolley Apparatus, against a constant acceleration at right angles, and by direct reading the resisting force is measured. The surfaces in contact remain constant. The reactions between the surfaces are increased by adding loads to the moving body.


It is shown from measurements of type III bursts at 234 MHz, III MHz and 23 MHz during the foregoing solar cycle that the type III activity has a relative minimum in 1959 and apparently a second maximum in 1960. This is in accordance with the statement of GNEVYSHEV relating at first to the intensity of the green coronal line. He also pointed out that the second maximum is closely correlated to some terrestrial features. It can be stated from a comparison of the three observing frequencies that the lowest frequency corresponding to the highest coronal level shows the strongest enhancement of type III activity during the second part of the solar cycle. By an indirect method it can be concluded that the percentage of polarized bursts at low levels is well correlated with the WOLF number. The suggestion is discussed that type III activity is not only an attendant effect of solar activity but it is also connected more directly with terrestrial features by contribution to the solar wind.


This paper gives information about device of gross for fabrication of polymeric fluted sheet, capacity of grosses, the experimental study of the hydrodynamic characteristic of the melt form of the polymeric materials and the characteristic features of toughness of the fluted sheet. Authors gave special emphasis on reological features, factor of volume increasing, moisture cheese, toughness at spraining and density fluted sheet. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 72–80, 2007


Introduction: Essential hypertension (EHTN) accounts for 95% of all cases of hypertension affecting approximately one billion individuals worldwide. Alteration in trace elements like calcium and magnesium can be helpful in knowing the elemental involvement in the pathophysiology of EHTN and its associated complications.
Aims and Objectives:

To estimate serum levels of calcium and magnesium in patients of EHTN and compare it with normotensive healthy subjects.
To find the correlation of serum levels of calcium and magnesium with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in patients of EHTN.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 subjects, out of which 50 were essential hypertensive patients (cases) and 50 were normotensive healthy subjects (controls), within the age group of 25-65 years. Serum calcium and magnesium were measured by using the auto analyzer Beckman Coulter DXC 600. The results were analysed by using students 't' test and pearson's correlation.
Results: Our study found a significantly (p<0.001**) increased levels of serum calcium and significantly (p<0.001**) decreased levels of serum magnesium in cases as compared to controls. Our study also revealed a significant positive correlation between serum calcium with SBP (r= 0.842, p<0.001**) and DBP (r= 0.403, p= 0.004**); and a significant negative correlation between serum magnesium with SBP (r= -0.805, p<0.001**) and DBP (r=-0.395, p=0.005**) among essential hypertensives.

Keywords: EHTN-Essential hypertension, HTN-Hypertension, SBP-Systolic blood pressure, DBP-Diastolic blood pressure, BP-Blood pressure.


Article Info Introduction: Continuous education, which is an appropriate tool for enhancing the level of knowledge, skills and insights of any organization's human resources and ensuring their progress and development, requires an appropriate background and overcoming the challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the experiences of nurses and identifying the weaknesses of the educational courses hold by a qualitative study. Methods: This study was a qualitative study using interpretive phenomenological method conducted in autumn 2018. 24 educational supervisors, supervisors, and nurses participated in this study and were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done by Colaizzi method. Results: In analyzing the content of interviews, 4 main categories obtained (Inappropriate content, low level of interaction in classrooms, not paying attention to effective teaching-learning methods, and low professional skills of professors). Conclusion: Currently, in the process of learning and continuing education, the above mentioned issues have reduced the effectiveness of training courses and these courses are used solely to fill nurses' training hours. Therefore, appropriate attention and support is needed to improve this condition.


In this article we examine one-dimensional model of system where first-order phase transition occurs. We show, that basic properties of this phenomenon, as for example well defined temperature of transition, are caused by existence of border between phases, where molecules have possibility to change the phase. After presentation and theoretical analysis of the model, we present results of Monte Carlo simulations and results based on numerical calculation of energy levels distribution of the system.


The Yellow-legged Gull's diet (Larus michahellis) was studied by analyzing 118 pellets of adults collected in two colonies of the Algerian Central coast. This study has resulted in the identification of 89 food items. The dietary diversity (73 food items) of the Yellow-legged Gull on the Aguelli Island was found to be richer than that on the Tigzirt Island where only 44 food items were identified. It is surprising that the proportion of inorganic remains in pellets of Yellow-legged Gull adults on the Aguelli Island (33.24%) is the largest, followed by the food category represented by terrestrial prey (20.74%), and vegetation remains ranking last (20.45%). Meat remains (31.95%) are strongly represented in the composition of the Yellow-legged Gull's pellets in the colony of the Tigzirt Island. As far as marine vertebrates are concerned, their share in the diet accounts for about 21.3%, while that of plant remains for 19.5% and ranks third. With regard to the foraging habitat, it appears that Yellow-legged G...


We present here a survey of recent spectacular successes in classical minimal surface theory. We highlight this article with the theorem that the plane, the helicoid, the catenoid and the one-parameter family fRtgt2(0;1) of Riemann minimal examples are the only complete, properly embedded, minimal planar domains in R 3 ; the proof of this result depends primarily on work of Colding


Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT's) have been fabricated with Zn ion-implanted bases. These HBT's were fabricated in the normal emitter-up configurations and had dc gains up to 100. This process should further the development of high-density IC's fabricated with HBT's.


This article briefly discusses Client/Server program design method,using OOP technology,and(presents) overall system design.It introduces the serverside managed user request arithmetic,client-side managed sending data arithmetic,basic server communication class,communicate between client and server data class,message confirm coding model of sending data,server-side assign user account strategy,etc.It implements TCP/IP network real time message transmission,message broadcasting,real time chatting and file transmission functions.


7 Abstract— Aerial triangulation or aero triangulation is a photogrammetric term stands for the process of determining X, Y and Z ground coordinates of individual points based on measurements taken from a series of overlapping aerial photographs. This process hilly reduces the field survey work for measurement and observation of control points required to transfer the photo-coordinate system to the ground one. So, aerial triangulation is simply preserving time and reducing the cost of the projects. For these reasons and others, aerial triangulation can be viewed as a critical step related to the project's quality, and is at the heart of all photogrammetric processes. In this research work, an aerial triangulation project was carried out utilizing number of digital overlapping photographs taken with UltraCam X camera of 21.6μm ×21.6μm pixel resolution and 1:12,000 scales. In order to evaluate the accuracy of aerial triangulation, number of well distributed control points were selected and observed directly in the field. LPS software was used to achieve aerial triangulation process based on a limited number of control points. Other control points were treated as check points. Results showed that the planimetric accuracy of aerial triangulation was found to be 0.774m which is approximately triple the ground accuracy. Accuracy in height was estimated to be 0.866m. Results lead also to estimate 1:2,000 mapping scale and smaller where the same constrains are presented.


Using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM) model in fluent software, a simulation study for elbow erosion situation was performed for different inlet particle concentrations, inlet velocities and curvature radiuses based on the similarity theory. The distribution of the serious erosion location and the fluid field of elbow can be determined. The results of numerical simulations show that the maximum speed is in the region of the small and big bend surfaces of the elbow. The small bend surface has a minimum pressure and the big bend surface has a maximum pressure. The most serious erosion region is mainly located in the 52°–60° region of the big bend surface near the outlet. The position and shape of the serious erosion almost does not change with the inlet concentration and velocity. Finally, based on the dimensional analysis the simulation analysis was carried out. The empirical formula on the inlet concentration, inlet velocity and bend radius ratio are obtained. The error of the formula is acceptable by verification. The research results can provide an effective help for selection of the elbow, determination of dangerous operational conditions and life prediction of the elbow.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


The most common malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) is squamous cell carcinoma, whereas, carcinoid tumor and papillary thyroid carcinoma are extremely extraordinary. This paper presents two rare cases of malignant transformation from MCTO. First, in a 33 year old, nulligravid, who underwent oophorocystectomy for a dermoid cyst. Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical studies revealed a carcinoid tumor arising from a mature cystic teratoma. Second, in a 52 year old who underwent, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for an ovarian new growth, with a final histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis showed follicular variant of papillary carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma. Preoperative diagnosis of MCTO can be made through physical examination and imaging however not the concealed malignancy. Thorough extensive sampling and histopathologic examination of a dermoid cyst is necessary to detect malignant transformation. The optimal management of the disease is uncertain because of its rarity, but complete excision of tumor renders excellent prognosis.


If you really want to be smarter, reading can be one of the lots ways to evoke and realize. Many people who like reading will have more knowledge and experiences. Reading can be a way to gain information from economics, politics, science, fiction, literature, religion, and many others. As one of the part of book categories, neuro ophthalmology review manual always becomes the most wanted book. Many people are absolutely searching for this book. It means that many love to read this kind of book.


The COVID‐19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges worldwide that required rapid adaptation and transformation across the entire healthcare system. Graduate medical training programs across all specialties have moved to rapidly adjust to the virtual landscape. This created a unique opportunity for genetic counselors who work in industry and within diagnostic laboratories to develop internship and rotation programs that can be offered virtually to meet the needs of genetic counseling training programs. Myriad Genetics, Inc., was contacted by numerous graduate programs in genetic counseling beginning in March 2020 requesting the opportunity for their students to participate in remote laboratory‐based rotations. As a result of these requests, a working group of genetic counselors across Myriad came together to adapt existing experiences to fully remote formats and develop new remote‐based opportunities for students. We describe our experience of expanding genetic counseling student rotations during the COVID‐19 pandemic with the goal of providing examples of remote learning experiences that may be applicable to other diagnostic laboratory industry‐based rotations for genetic counseling students. In 2020, a total of 59 second‐year genetic counseling students, from 21 different genetic counseling training programs, participated in one of five different virtual experiences. Furthermore, two new rotation experiences were created to increase capacity and highlight diversity of industry roles. Genetic counselors in industry are uniquely positioned to provide both remote training opportunities for genetic counseling students and exposure to the variety of roles that genetic counselors can occupy. Increasing the exposure to these roles is important as the genetic counseling workforce continues to expand and diversify, and it is imperative among all programs to enable access to these opportunities.


Demonstrating the effectiveness of human resources (HR) programs has been a dilemma for HR professionals for years. This study addresses that problem and takes a step in closing the gap in the lodging industry. The researchers reviewed the effects of rigorous management training programs that focused on frontline leaders and their relationship with the employees who interact with guests. Data from a 2-year period (during and after the intervention) were analyzed based on employee-related factors, primarily turnover and employee satisfaction as measured by exit surveys. The researchers measured the impact of training over time. The results suggest this approach can be used by HR professionals to argue that management training programs lead to greater employee satisfaction and a reduction of employee turnover that offsets the cost of the training.


Stratified sampling is often used in our social and economic statistics because the "layer" is often classified according to the survey's types in a number of practical problems.The random group method was used for the stratified sampling in variance estimation,and the variance estimation in Warner model was obtained.


SARS and COVID-19 are two severe human diseases with coronaviruses SARSCoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 as causative agents, respectively. Both viruses are taxonomically closely related betacoronaviruses originating from zoonotic spill-over events of their ancestors, which are representatives of a huge number of coronaviruses present in bat reservoirs. Although until the identification of SARS as a new human disease entity, coronaviruses generally were considered mild human pathogens, but had been recognized as major pathogens for some animal species. SARS and COVID-19 outbreaks both emerged in China, probably from wet markets, facilitated by conditions that favor interspecies spill-over due to direct or indirect contacts between wildlife species and humans. Both pathogens have demonstrated their ability to not only infect wildlife species and humans but to occasionally spillover from humans to pet and farmed carnivore species. Despite numerous similarities between SARS and COVID-19, there are major dif-ferences in their epidemiological characteristics. The case fatality rate of the SARS epidemic is estimated to be approximately tenfold higher than that of COVID-19. However, less than 800 people died from SARS, whereas about half a million people succumbed to COVID-19 worldwide in the first half year of the ongoing pandemic. The explosive spread of SARS-CoV-2 was at least in part facilitated by transmission without or before onset of symptoms, which hindered implementation of effective control measures. To be better prepared for future epidemics and pandemics originating from zoonotic pathogens like SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, preparing in "peacetime" is crucial while profiting from state-of-the-art scientific knowledge and international collaboration in a One Health approach.


originally developed with the aim of protecting cardiac muscle fibers from sustained ischemic insults, local or remote acute ischemic preconditioning (IP) consists of a potent endogenous mechanism that has been shown to protect various tissues and organs against ischemia-reperfusion injury ([16][1


As the state information has increasingly become the focus of attention,the demand for the state emulation platform of maritime motion targets under the condition of complex electromagnetic environment becomes more urgent.The state emulate software of maritime mobile objects based on genetic algorithm was designed.The navigation simulation of some vessels under different environment was realized with the path planning technique based on improved genetic algorithm,which has friendly man-machine interface and is easy to operate.The technologies of OOD and Win32 multi-threading were introduced during the software design to encapsulate the performance functions and modularize the emulate software.The practical applications demonstrate that the emulate software can offer a good platform for target recognition and state display system.


Since CG Simulation of natural terrain has applications in many areas, various modeling methods for terrain have been developed including imaginary forgeries. This paper presents a new approach suitable for modeling an imaginary mountain such as is produced by erosion processes. Such terrain can not be simulated by standard fractal surfaces. The algorithm synthesizes the forgery of natural mountain by refining the given initial ridge-lines which reflect the outline of the ideal forgery. The refinement is established by adding derivative ridge-lines recursively to those produced so far.Although ridge-lines are the notable geographical feature of mountains produced by erosion processes, no suitable modeling method was designed previously.


The present work has been carried out on two shallow wetlands of Central and North western Gujarat. The Thol Bird Sanctuary is situated 40 km away from Ahmedabad and southern part of Mehsana district. It lies in between 23 o 15' to 23 o 30' and 72 o 30' to 72 o 45' E. The second wetland Bhaskarpura village tank located between 22°58'56.4" N and 72°57'22.5" E in central Gujarat approximately 60 kms from Ahmedabad near Wadhwan city, Lakhtar Taluka, Surendranagar District (Fig.3.1). Both the distinct wetlands are characterized by the different geo-morphological and hydrological conditions of Gujarat.


Treatment. The essential preliminary to evacuation is to obtain a wide, soft dilation of the as by a preliminary tamponade of the lower uterine segment and cervix for 24 hours. This, as In ordinary miscarriages, will be found to have the desired result and in addition wiJI stimulate the uterus to contract and to cause separation of the mole to a varying degree, both important factors In minimizing the dangerous compllcatlon-hremorrhage. If abortion has not occurred when the packing is removed, the cervix should be packed for a further 24 hours. The disadvantage of the tamponade is possibly Increased risk of sepsis, but I think this is far outweighed by the advantages obtained. Having secured a partial abortion and a wide dilatation, a full dose of pitultrin should be given, the patient amesthetized and the uterus explored with the gloved finger, as much of the mole as possible being removed. In each case a careful curettage, a procedure advised against by the text books, was then performed for the following reasons. The main dangers following removal of a hydatid mole are:(i.) Heernor-rhage from a retained portion of the mole or decidua. (ii.) Sepsis, due to retained vesicles or decidua. (iii.) Chorio-carcinoma. (iv.) Perforation of the uterus. Taking the last first I do dot think that the careful use of a large curette, made available by the wide dilatation of the as, in skllled and forewarned hands makes perforation any more likely or less easily recognized than in digital removal. With regard to the remaining three, the first two are almost entirely, and chorio-carcinoma probably at least, due to retention of decidua or hydatid vesicles. The whole history and aim of the chorionic villi Is erosion and implantation and this characteristic is maintained by the vesicular mole, even up to perforation of the uterus in the so-called destructive moles. With this characteristic in view, I do not believe it possible for the finger to remove the decidua and the implanted mole completely and I therefore think that the added risk, if there be any, is amply justified by the advantages of a complete removal at one sitting of ali material likely to favour hsemorrhaga, sepsis and the formation of a chorio-carcinoma. Complete recovery was made and maintained in this and the other two . cases. I would like to point out that the above line of treatment is only advisable in cases similar to the one quoted, but not to be thought of when there is no reasonable chance of curetting, as in the moles of greater development. • Revlm.


Entanglement catalysis allows one to convert certain entangled states into others by the temporary involvement of another entangled state (so-called catalyst), where after the conversion the catalyst is returned to the same state. For bipartite pure entangled states that can be transformed in this way with unit probability, the respective Schmidt coefficients are said to satisfy the trumping relation, a mathematical relation which is an extension of the majorization relation. This article provides all necessary and sufficient conditions for the trumping relation in terms of the Schmidt coefficients. The coefficients should satisfy strict inequalities for the entropy of entanglement and for power means excluding the special power 1.