Mind wandering (MW) is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has a negative influence on performance and productivity in many contexts. We propose that intelligent interfaces should have some mechanism to detect and respond to MW in real-time. Towards this end, we developed an interface that automatically detects MW from eye-gaze during computerized reading. When MW is detected, the interface intervenes by asking just-in-time questions and encouraging re-reading as needed. After multiple rounds of iterative refinement, we summatively compared the interface to a yoked control condition in a randomized control trial with 104 participants. Preliminary results suggest that the system was successful in correcting comprehension deficits attributed to MW, thereby highlighting the potential for intelligent interfaces that improve performance by "attending to attention."


E-commerce has boosted along with the development and popularity of network and computer technology.More and more companies set up their cyber sale channels.However,the becomes even more difficult to price virtual products.Because of the differences between virtual products and tradition probucts there should be a different prcing pattern for virtual products.


A technique has been devised which, via consideration of the program nodes executed during fitness evaluation, allows a genetic programming system to determine many instances in which invocation of the fitness function can be avoided. The nature of Boolean logic problems renders them of particular interest as a focus of study for the application of this technique, and experimental evidence shows that significant speed-ups in execution time can be achieved when evolving solutions to these problems.


This paper explores methods of spatial modeling to identify opportunities for reduced fieldwork in census Address Canvassing operations. The purpose of Address Canvassing is to improve the coverage and quality of the Census Bureau's address list, the Master Address File (MAF), prior to census enumeration. Various modeling techniques such as zero-inflated negative binomial regression have been explored in the past to predict areas with many coverage errors on the MAF and identify blocks which would likely contain change (and those which would not). Such information could inform a reduction to the in-field canvassing workload and reduced field costs. We use a recently developed spatial mixed effects model with dimension reduction, and take New York County as an example. It is seen that accounting for spatial dependence has a large effect on the estimated coefficients, including which predictors are significant. The impact to predicted values is more subtle, with the spatial model producing slightly more accurate predictions.


In relation to real-time systems, hard real-time and soft real-time systems are based on "miss restriction" and "miss tolerance", respectively. However, a weakly hard real-time system integrates both these requirements. The problem with these systems is the limitation of the scheduling analysis method which only uses the traditional scheduling approach. Besides that, the current framework has problems with the complexity and predictability of the systems. This paper proposes a scheduling analysis framework based on, namely: the suitability of scheduling algorithms, the weakly hard real-time modelling and genetic algorithm approach for predicting the weakly hard real-time tasks. Initially, the best fitting specification of a weakly hard real-time system was integrated into the proposed framework and tested in the Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Embedded systems (MARTE) profile. Sequence diagram complexity factor metrics were used to measure the behavioural complexity of the UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time (SPT) and MARTE profiles. Further, the genetic algorithm approach was applied on the framework to measure the predictability of the soft real-time tasks. The results of the framework showed that the number of deadlines missed among the tasks was optimized by applying the framework on a case study. In conclusion, the proposed scheduling analysis framework provides a less complex design through the UML design modelling, as well as increasing the predictability of the systems.


The method of preparing the specimen and applying the solution differed somewhat from those employed in previous studies of other drugs. It was considered possible that penicillin solutions remaining in sinuses for protracted periods might injure the membrane; therefore specimens were immersed in .5 cc, of solution and permitted to remain there instead of washing or replenishing with fresh solution from time to time.


Language attrition, the reverse process of acquisition, is part of the field of language acquisition, and vocabulary is the first and most frequent linguistic unit that suffers attrition. Vocabulary attrition of young L2 learners deserves special attention because a successful language learning experience at the early stage facilitates learners' later learning efficiency. However, research on young L2 learners' vocabulary attrition seem scant in the current literature. Such being the case, this study investigates 72 Chinese primary school EFL learners' English vocabulary attrition after an interval of a two-month summer recess through a repeated vocabulary test. Statistical results indicate that the young Chinese learners suffer significant attrition in vocabulary after the disuse of English during the holiday. In addition, verbs are found to be more vulnerable than nouns to attrition, but many words are partially remembered instead of being completely forgotten, as Retrieval Hypothesis proposed. Pedagogical implications for vocabulary teaching in Chinese primary schools and other similar L2 contexts are discussed.


The utility model relates to a portable self-generation mobile phone charger, which is characterized in that: a power drive device is provided in the shell, the drive shaft of the power drive device is arranged with a mesh gear, which goes into mesh with the gear of the disc type motor, making the rotor rotating. Power output line of the disc type motor is connected with the control module of the commutation voltage regulating circuit. The utility model has advantages of simple structure, scientific and reasonable design, light and bearable use; and two charging modes can be adopted: When using pendulum power device, users only need to swing the device, the disc motor will begin to generate power; when using spring power device, users only need to windup the spring; power generated by the disc motor is output to charge mobile phone through control module of the commutation voltage regulation circuit, which is not limited by time or region, and mobile phone charging can be carried out whenever and anywhere. Therefore, the device is a necessary tool for existing mobile phone.


The growth of the two-stream instability in one-dimensonal (1D) spherical geometry is analyzed using Laplace and Fourier transforms. An analytic expression for the asymptotic growth is obtained and compared to the well-known planar formula. Stronger linear growth is predicted for a converging beam than for its corresponding 1D planar counterpart at the same initial density. Calculations based on the analytic model are compared to 1D particle-in-cell simulations and excellent agreement is obtained.


This year marks the 40th anniversary of the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption and sector collapse. In acknowledgement to the vast research dedicated to understanding volcano collapse and debris avalanche dynamics, we have collated in a book the topic’s current state of the art. Within 12 chapters, this book contains reviews of and new insights from the work done over the past four decades, and provides outlooks and recommendations for future research. It is part of the Springer Book Series ‘Advances in Volcanology’ and the chapters contributed by a team of experts cover the following topics:

Introduction

A historical perspective on lateral collapse and debris avalanches

Terminology and strategy to describe volcanic landslides and debris avalanches

Distribution and geometric parameters of volcanic debris avalanche deposits

Destabilizing factors that promote volcano flank collapse

Volcanic debris avalanche transport kinematics and emplacement mechanisms

Sedimentology of volcanic debris avalanche deposits

Climatic and paleo-climatic implications

Computer simulation of volcanic debris avalanches

Volcanic debris avalanche deposits in the context of volcaniclastic ringplain successions

Cyclicity in edifice destruction and regrowth

Volcanic island lateral collapses and submarine volcanic debris avalanche deposits

Finally, the aim of the book is to reach the professional research community as well as students and a broader audience interested in hazard management in volcanic environments.


This study deals with the different aspects of residential home energy criterias and regulations, so that any one with basic knowledge can study and use it the best way for their application. A simplified home energy management approach for new residential homes and the existing (old) homes has been developed. The different aspects of the maximum energy use have been discussed for the residential buildings. A home energy audit and analysis procedure with sample calculations for a residential building is also included.


Controlling interfacial tension during the processing of blends is critical to developing morphologies that will yield consistent and acceptable mechanical properties. Determination of the interfacial tension is important in developing a predictive understanding of the effects of processing conditions on the morphology and the physical properties of multicomponent systems. The focus of the research reported herein was to investigate the temperature dependence of the interfacial tension for blends composed of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene (PE). The effects of temperature were characterized by direct measurements of the interfacial tension using the imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) method. The interfacial tensions of PC/PE were measured at 210, 220, 230, and 240°C. The temperature dependence of the interfacial tension was found to be -0.018 ± 0.006 dyn/cm-°C. In general, the interfacial tension, evaluated for low-viscosity simple fluids, is commonly a weak function of temperature (on the order of 0.01 dyn/cm-°C). The results found in this study are in accord with those findings.


In volcanic terrains, igneous plutons are emplaced beneath topographic highs resulting in two distinct groundwater flow systems: topography- and buoyancy-driven. The interface between these systems is a potential site of ore deposition. This study investigates the interaction between topographic and hydrothermal flow systems using a 2D time-transient solution to the heat, fluid, and 18 O/ 16 O mass-transport equations. The goal of this study is to explore factors controlling the geometry, lateral extent, and stability of this interface. Results show that the interface geometry and stability (temporal and spatial) are most influenced by pluton depth and lateral extent of the topographic high. More laterally extensive topography produces a near horizontal interface whose location is stationary in space (±500 m) and nearly constant in temperature (>200°C) for times >40,000 years. Less-extensive topography produces spatially and temporally stable interfaces, but at high angles to the surface. Shallow pluton emplacement results in a transient mixing zone. Many authors have suggested that ore formation occurs first and then stabilizes the interface by formation of a caprock. However, this study shows that under certain conditions, the interface can be stabilized first and that this may then lead to a caprock formation. An 18 O/ 16 O transport simulation shows that steep chemical gradients can be maintained nearly coincident to this interface for 10,000s of years. The spatial and temporal stability of the mixing interface, and maintaining steep chemical gradients along that interface, are three criteria necessary for mineral (ore) deposition involving fluid mixing at this hydrologic interface.


Zhang H. Discourse change and policy development in social assistance in China

Since the introduction of a new social assistance programme in urban China, the state was eventually able to expand the programme to rural areas as a further step towards integrating the development of social assistance in urban and rural areas. This article argues that the development of social assistance in China can be explained by the change of discourse among the officials and the elites in central government. The discourse on social assistance can be conceptualised in three periods: the urban-first discourse (1999–2003); the discourse debate (2003–2007); and the urban–rural integration discourse (2007–present). Through scrutinising specific discourses and the policy development of social assistance in these three periods, it appears that in company with the change in the discourse process, rural social assistance was developed rapidly in order to construct an integrated social assistance system. The article concludes that discourse plays a significant role in Chinese social assistance policy development.


201 © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd | Biofuels, Bioprod. Bioref. 10:201 (2016); DOI: 10.1002/bbb Finally, they engineered PHA synthase so that it could react the glycolic acid and lactic acid together. Aft er deleting several genes to prevent the formation of unwanted byproducts, they had a strain able to produce PLGA from glucose and xylose. 'Our research is meaningful in that it proposes a platform strategy in metabolic engineering, which can be further utilized in the development of numerous non-natural, useful polymers', said Lee. 1. Choi SY, Park SJ, Kim WJ, Yang JE, Lee H, Shin J et al., One-step fermentative production of poly(lactateco-glycolate) from carbohydrates in Escherichia coli. Nat Biotech (2016) DOI: 10.1038/ nbt.3485


Chirita drakei Burtt (now accepted as Primulina drakei (B.L. Burtt) Mich. Möller & A. Weber) is growing on limestone mountain slopes of Ha Long Bay islands in Vietnam. The chemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. drakei led to the isolation and structural elucidation of two new compounds named chiridrakoside A (1) and chiridrakoside B (2) besides twelve known compounds comprising five phenylethanoid glycosides (3–7), two lignans (8, 9), a phenyl propanoid (10), an anthraquinone (11), a furan derivative (12) and two triterpenes (13, 14). All described compounds, except 4, 5 and 11, were obtained for the first time from the genera Chirita or Primulina. The cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated against the four human cancer cell lines KB (mouth epidermal carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), Lu (lung carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast carcinoma). Epoxyconiferyl alcohol (10) exhibited cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines (IC50 from 46 to 128 μM).


Considered modern problems of laser image processing. An analysis of existing solutions and recent research in the field of image processing of laser beam. Determined that the latter solutions have a number of disadvantages in terms of increasing the speed and density of information flow. There are also problems with excessive power consumption during image processing due to excess power. Also presented method of processing image of laser beam with the use of FPGA and parallelhierarchical transformation. Performing simulation modeling of methods for processing the coordinates of laser beam spots and its results are presented. Presented comparison of the results of image processing using a personal computer and using FPGA. The obtained results allow to evaluate the efficiency of FPGA application and methods with the use of parallel-hierarchical transformation during image processing of laser beams. Due to low power consumption and efficient image processing using FPGA and parallelhierarchical transformation - this technology has great prospects for use in the automotive industry. It can be used to improve the development of unmanned vehicle control, especially for electric vehicles.


There are many similarities as well as differences in the past economic development experiences of Korea and China. They are similar to each other in the sense that they have adopted government-led, outward oriented development strategy. However, one area that shows clear distinction is the way they have accumulated capital. Unlike Korea, the high domestic saving ratio has enabled China to achieve its economic development without heavy reliance on foreign debt. Also, the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) is different. First, the contribution of FDI in capital formation of Korea has been negligible, while FDI had accounted for more than 10% of the total capital formation of China in recent years. Second, when most of FDI Korea has attracted came from advanced nations, more than ⅔ of FDI into China came from ethnic Chinese firms of Southeast Asia. Also, Korea has attracted more FDI into commerce industry than China did, and China has attracted more FDI into real estate and construction industries than Korea did. From a simple regression, it was found that the determinant factors behind the FDI inflow into China coincide with the theoretical hypotheses, while it was not quite true in the Korean case.


Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) hybrids with meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP4) and meso-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) have been studied by the resonance Raman spectroscopy and by ab initio and molecular dynamic calculations. A comparison of the intensities of the bands assigned in the Raman spectrum to the radial breathing mode, as well as the relative band positions corresponding to the tangential modes of the hybrids with respect to the positions of these modes in the spectrum of the pristine SWCNT, indicates that the interaction of the nanotube with TMPyP4 is stronger than with TPP. A structure calculation (by the DFT/M05-2X method) of the TMPyP4 molecule adsorbed to a fragment of the zigzag (10,0) SWCNT surface shows that porphyrin adapts a saddled structure with the binding energy to the nanotube of −72.0 kcal/mol. The interaction energy in the complex of a TPP molecule with SWCNT, whose molecular structure is similar to TMPyP4, is only −19.3 kcal/mol and TP...


Phytoremediation technology is a measure to purify pollutants in soil or water through the absorption, volatilization, root filtration, degradation, and stabilization of plants, and its core is to find plants with large biomass and high enrichment. The wild willow tree found in Tonglushan is a fast-growing Euphorbiaceae plant, which has strong tolerance to the heavy metal copper (Cu) and has the characteristics of developed root system, barren resistance, and high economic value. Taking willow as the research object, this paper studied the composition, copper enrichment sites, morphology, subcellular distribution characteristics and absorption, transportation, and enrichment mechanism of willow root exudates under copper stress through hydroponic and pot experiments. By adding phosphate fertilizers, inducers, and other agronomic control measures, the strengthening technology and mechanism of Cu-contaminated soil phytoremediation were studied. The main research contents and results are as follows: the results of hydroponics and pot experiments show that the willow tree has a certain tolerance to Cu, and Cu mainly accumulates in its roots. Oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and malic acid are the main organic acids in willow root exudates. Root exudation activity acidified the rhizosphere soil, increased acid exchangeability, and reducible Cu content, while other forms of Cu content decreased. Root exudates affect the uptake and accumulation of copper by willow trees by altering the bioavailability of copper in soil.


A method is described for the rapid extraction and determination of copper, chromium and arsenic in preservative-treated softwoods. A saw cut is made through the cross-section of the sample and the preserving compounds are leached quantitatively from the sawdust with a mixture of dilute sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution. Copper, chromium and arsenic in aliquots of the leach solution are allowed to react with zinc dibenzyldithio-carbamate, diphenylcarbazide and ammonium molybdate-hydrazine reagent, respectively, and the determinations are completed by the spectrophotometric measurement of the coloured complexes formed.The procedure has been used to determine copper, chromium and arsenic in the cross-sections of preserved Baltic redwood, Douglas fir, lodgepole pine and silver fir.


Abstract This paper presents an analytical approach based on the power series method for determining the periodic solutions of the forced undamped Duffing's oscillator. The time variable is first transformed into a new harmonically oscillating time which transforms the governing differential equation into a form suitable for power series analysis. Hamilton's principle for non-conservative systems is then used to determine the frequency of the oscillating time. The formation is applied to a number of periodic solutions and excellent agreement is obtained with numerical solutions. The potential of the method is highlighted by comparing the results for a periodic response with perturbation and harmonic balance solutions.


We studied the characteristics of moisture condensation on sub-cooled wettability gradient surfaces.Results indicate that the direction of the wettability gradients may have significant impact. Compared with condensation on uniform hydrophihc or hydrophobic surfaces,the rate of condensation on the surfaces with wettability gradients is significantly improved if the increase of wettability is coordinated with the direction of gravity,and more water can be collected in the same time period; vice versa,the wettability gradients may reduce the rate of condensation.


The basic concept and advantages of Kriging-based finite element method were presented. The proposed method is as simple as the conventional FEM in terms of its implementation, yet it retains much of the advantages of meshfree methods.


Also includes : Foreword / M.N. Cauchi - Introduction / Dr. Louis Galea - Closing remarks / Dr. Louis Deguara - Contributors - Index


In the stereo audio DAC presented here, the trade-off between area-power consumption-SNRout-dynamic range is optimized for the case of a 96 dB audio system. Using a single-op amp switched capacitor structure for the reconstruction filter, a hybrid FIR/IIR transfer function allows it to reject out-of-band noise. This circuit solution strongly reduces area and power consumption. In a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, the stereo DAC achieves a 97 dB-dynamic range and a 39 dB SNRout with a 0.22 mm/sup 2/ area and 7.25 mW power consumption per-channel.


New communication technologies arouse enthusiasm in several interpreters of the present time. The euphoria results of the immediaticity and of the interactivity accomplished or promised by the new midia, as internet, digital and interactive TV. Besides, the computer makes available data and information in a structure Of neo-lineal reading, very_ identified with the functionality Of the human brain. It is necessary, however, to question in what basis the technological innovations really enlarge flw Offer of information and knowledge, whether it keeps or affects the freedom and the individuals  autonomy in his/ her communicative process. Another question raised is how the constituted powers can eventuale be served by those technologies to reinforce strategies of manipulation of the public opinion. This article suggests a reflection on those subjects.


The article provides in-depth analysis of Euro-dollars and the "Euro-dollar market". A lack of conceptual clarity has contributed to serious differences in the experts' explanations of the fast growth of the Euro-dollar business and their evaluation of it. Hence, the author engages in an extensive conceptual and theoretical preparation on the pressing issues and controversies of the subject. While definitive conclusions are not reached on all the issues, the author attempts to show why some conclusions cannot be obtained on the basis of the empirical evidence available at present and why certain conceptual obscurities have led to dead ends. JEL: E44


An enantioselective synthesis of the Cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib (MK-0822) 1 is described. The key step involves the novel stereospecific S(N)2 triflate displacement of a chiral alpha-trifluoromethylbenzyl triflate 9a with (S)-gamma-fluoroleucine ethyl ester 3 to generate the required alpha-trifluoromethylbenzyl amino stereocenter. The triflate displacement is achieved in high yield (95%) and minimal loss of stereochemistry. The overall synthesis of 1 is completed in 6 steps in 61% overall yield.


The term layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is used to define synthetic or natural lamellar hydroxides with 2 or more kinds of metallic cations in the main layers, and hydrated interlayer domains, containing anionic species. Layered double hydroxides, also known as hydrotalcite materials, have attracted considerable interest from both industry and academia. They are interesting for their intercalation properties as they are capable of accommodating complex organic molecules. Therefore, they find applications in various fields such as separation technology, catalysis biomedical science, and nanocomposite material engineering.


Sir, The many Experiments lately made in Electricity, and the surprising Effects which have been produced, are Encouragements to proceed in such Trials, that by an advancing Knowledge in the Nature of these strange Phænomena, we may have growing Hopes some Benefit will accrue to Mankind from them, as well as Entertainment to the Curious.


Planning and controlling trajectories for floating-base robotic systems that experience large attitude changes is challenging due to the nontrivial group structure of 3D rotations. This paper introduces an accessible and unified approach for tracking control and optimization-based planning on the space of rotations based on vector calculus and linear algebra. The methodology is used to derive an extension of the LinearQuadratic Regulator (LQR) to systems with arbitrary attitudes, which we call Multiplicative LQR (MLQR). We compare MLQR to a state-ofthe-art geometric tracking controller designed specifically for quadrotors and demonstrate superior tracking and robustness. An iterative variant of MLQR is compared to existing methods on useveral constrained trajectory optimization problems, again demonstrating improved runtime performance.


Most human interfaces in virtual environments use information of visual sensation and auditory sensation. By adding tactile sensation to these human interfaces, the human operator can handle objects with a realistic tactile sense and can perform complex tasks in the virtual reality environment. Haptic interfaces that present force and tactile feeling to the fingertips of a human operator have been investigated extensively over the last two decades [1]-[12]. Although some of these interfaces [9]-[12] provide three-dimensional force feeling to the human fingertip, few haptic interfaces cover the workspace of the human arm. These interfaces are classified into two types: wearable type interfaces [9], which are mounted firmly to the human hand, and opposed type interfaces [12], which are mounted in a position opposed to the human hand. These interfaces apply three-dimensional (3D) forces only to the human fingertips. Medical doctors must use palpation in examining patients, and the force and tactile sensation on both the fingertips and the finger pads are important in such palpation. However, training doctors to perform palpation is difficult, because this requires the cooperation of the patient. Thus a breast palpation training system in a virtual reality environment [13] would be useful as a training tool for palpation. However, due to the limitation of human finger length, developing a haptic interface that displays 3D force feeling to both the fingertips and the finger pads is not easy. The density of tactile sense organs in the human finger [14] is high in the fingertip and low in the finger pad. Hence, the human finger has a high sensitivity to 3D force at the fingertip but a low sensitivity at the finger pad. This suggests that a haptic interface that consists of 1D finger pad force display devices and a 3D fingertip force device would be effective for use in a virtual environment such as a virtual breast palpation training system. The present paper describes a hand haptic interface for use in a virtual training system in which not only fingertip force display but also finger pad force display is required. The hand haptic interface consists of novel finger pad force display devices and a 3D fingertip haptic interface, known as HIRO II [12], which was developed by our group. The developed finger pad force display device is driven by a flat-type brushless DC motor and is easy attachable to the finger pad. The applied force is controlled by a time interval control, which is an open-loop control. Here we present the design concept of the hand haptic interface, the control method and specifications of the finger pad force display device, and the results of an experimental evaluation of manipulating a virtual object. We also provide a comparative


To reduce readmissions for heart failure (HF) among HF patients, most at-risk individuals could be targeted to benefit from adapted interventions. A better understanding of HF readmission predictors could help clinicians and regulators identify patients most at-risk. We focused, in particular, on distinguishing HF severity from overall health-state severity.

 We studied predictors of HF readmission available in administrative data in a nationwide cohort of patients aged 65 years or older surviving an index hospitalization for HF in 2015 (N = 70 657). To take into account the competing mortality risk, we estimated subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) of HF readmission and cause-specific hazard ratios (csHRs) for HF readmission and for death without HF readmission, over a 1-year follow-up period. We then computed cumulative incidences and daily rates of HF readmission for specific risk-groups.

 31.8% of patients were readmitted at least once for HF, among which 27.2% (8.6% of study cohort) were readmitted 30 days after discharge. 17.6% of patients died without any HF readmission. HF severity and overall health-state severity were the strongest HF readmission predictors (sdHRs 2.66 [95% CI: 2.52-2.81] and 1.37 [1.30-1.45] respectively, when comparing extreme categories). HF severity and length of index stay were more strongly associated with the rate (csHRs) of HF readmissions, whereas overall health-state severity and age were more strongly associated with the competing rate of death without HF readmission. Risk-groups defined upon HF severity and overall health-state severity had approximately 40% of separation in HF readmission proportion (21.9% versus 60.4%).

 Our results stress the importance of considering both HF severity and overall morbidity and of accounting for the competing mortality risk to identify patients at-risk of HF readmission. Such patients could benefit from targeted transitional or post-discharge HF care.

 Heart failure patients can be stratified into risk-groups of readmission using administrative data. Identifying at-risk patients could help clinicians and regulators to target interventions.


The invention discloses a grab bucket ship unloader suitable for a multi-point material distribution device. The grab bucket ship unloader comprises a cart operation mechanism, a metal structure, a grab bucket, a hoisting/opening-closing and trolley winding system and an electronic control system, wherein the cart operation mechanism is subjected to four-corner driving; the metal structure is an A-form frame type double-girder portal; the grab bucket moves on a cantilever crane and the girder by a grab bucket travelling trolley; the electronic control system comprises an electricity taking system, an electricity transformation system, an electricity supply system and a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) control system; the upper part among four door legs of the metal structure is provided with a structural platform used for installing the multi-point material distribution device; the grab bucket is a shear-mode grab bucket; the hoisting/opening-closing and grab bucket travelling trolley steel wire rope winding system of the shear-mode grab bucket is a four-reel driving winding system. The grab bucket ship unloader has the beneficial effects of big grabbing ratio, low center of gravity and short closed stroke since the shear-mode grab bucket is applied, the average operation efficiency of the ship unloader is improved, the energy consumption of the ship unloader is lowered, the multi-point material distribution requirements of a wharf are met, and one unloader can unload within a span and out of the span.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical industry and discloses a non-noble metal homogeneous catalysis system for alcohol oxidation carbonylation and a using method thereof. The system consists of a composite catalyst MNC and a solvent NS (IV) which dissolves the composite catalyst, wherein the composite catalyst MNC is compounded by a metal complex MXn-Lm (I), a metal salt synergistic aid N (II) and/or an alkaline aid C (III). The general formula of the system is I+II+III+IV, I+II+IV, or I+III+IV. The catalyst has the advantages of simple process, mild reaction, high catalytic activity, good selectivity and stability, and low corrosion on production equipment. Meanwhile, the homogeneous system formed by the composite catalyst and the solvent can perform liquid phase circulation and has industrial application prospects.


Five samples from Suriname have been analysed for their chemical composition by 18 laboratories. The proposed reference samples are four soil samples and one lateritic bauxite. The samples were analyzed for major and minor elements as well as for 36 trace elements. More data are needed for better characterization of these samples, particularly for trace elements.


Introduction Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the liver fibrosis evaluation in patients affected by chronic liver disease. In healthy livers the vascular input is provided by the portal vein and hepatic artery, with the portal vein representing the main source of blood supply and normally the oxygenation of the liver is carefully auto-regulated. As hepatic fibrosis progresses it is thought the liver parenchyma become hypoxic which drives an increase in the relative arterial supply which has been observed with many different techniques.


Herein, we introduce a unique approach for discrimination between two important biothiols (BTs): cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (Glu), on the basis of changes in chromaticity coordinates of a dual-emitting "a few particle" nanoprobe. A novel dual-channel emission nanocomposite was developed by zinc-mediated conjugation of green-emitting fluorescein with red-emitting gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), hereafter referred to as Zn–FL–Au NCs. Cys and Glu having different interactions with Zn–FL–Au NCs were found to have different effects on the overall luminescence of Zn–FL–Au NCs, which eventually led to observation of different chromaticity indices of the latter upon interaction with these two BTs. For example, upon addition of Cys to a dispersion of Zn–FL–Au NCs having chromaticity coordinates (0.38, 0.49), the luminescence peak due to Au NCs was found to have been selectively quenched, as a consequence of which the chromaticity coordinates of Zn–FL–Au NCs changed to (0.33, 0.52). On the other hand, upon interact...


Steroids constitute a natural product class of compounds that is widely distributed throughout nature. The diversity of biologic activities of steroids includes the development and control of the reproductive tract in humans (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) the molting of insects (ecdysone), and the induction of sexual reproduction in aquatic fungi (antheridiol). In addition, steroids contribute to a wide range of therapeutic applications, such as cardiotonics (digitoxin), vitamin D precursors (ergosterol), oral contraceptive agents (semisynthetic estrogens and progestins), anti-inflammatory agents (corticosteroids), and anabolic agents (androgens). A steroid is any compound that contains a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus (1-17 carbon atoms in Fig.12.1). The chemical nomenclature of steroids is based on this fundamental carbo-cycle with adjacent side-chain carbon atoms. Steroids are numbered and rings are lettered as indicated in the structural formula for cholesterol (Fig. 12.1). If one or more of the carbon atoms shown in the structure of cholesterol is not present, the numbering of the remainder is undisturbed.


I will now attempt to trace out for you such a narrative of the origin and progress of these disorders of the abdomen, whether in children or in adults, as may guide you with respect to their prognosis, and also their management in detail. Two distinct classes of cases may be adverted to:? In the first, notably illustrated by the case of L. C. (see Appendix) the abdominal swelling occurs as either absolutely or very nearly the first symptom of ill health; it may be without appreciable pain or uneasiness; or, at least, with pain so slight as to be practically overlooked. There may be


Modern basketball sports is a sporting item combined science with intelligence.A basketball competition is not only a match of coaches' intelligence,but also a match of athletes' strength,techniques,strategies and intelligence.The aims of intelligence training are to make athletes' techniques more skillful,and to make their strategies more masterful.The athletes can benefit a lot from such kind of training;as a result,they can defeat their competitors and win the match easily.Furthermore,it also can enrich the athletes' knowledge and improve their competitive ability better and fast.


Pesticides used to protect agricultural crops are often involved in human poisoning throughout the world. Therefore, forensic toxicologists must face the challenge of detecting, identifying and quantifying pesticides in human specimens. Forensic toxicology methods are difficult to standardize, as every case is unique, matrices analyzed are highly complex the nature of the target analyte is unknown. Due to the extremely complex nature of matrices normally analyzed in forensic toxicology laboratories, it is not recommended to perform instrumental analysis directly. Therefore, a sample preparation stage is necessary to male sample suitable for instrumental analysis. The present paper focusses its attention in reviewing sample preparation methodology normally employed in forensic laboratories for pesticides analysis. Sample preparation is considered as the bottleneck of the analytical procedure as it represents approximately the 80% of the whole process. Furthermore, an accurate sample preparation plays a central role in forensic case's resolution as any error occurred during sample preparation cannot be corrected even by the best instrumental technique. Databases searches were performed in order to know how many papers were published from 2008 related to pesticide extraction from human samples in a forensic toxicology setting. From the reviewed literature, it can be stated that the most used method for extraction of pesticides from human samples of forensic interest still are liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. Moreover, it can be drawn as a conclusion that these conventional extraction techniques are now evolving thanks to the availability of some new materials that can be employed as solvents or sorbents. These new techniques have found a wide application in pesticides extraction from environmental or food matrices. However, with the ex-ception of QuECHERS their implementation in forensic laboratories are nowadays limited. When available, examples of their application in forensic laboratories will be presented in this paper.


Restriction endonuclease PvuII has been highly purified from Proteus vulgaris, aerobic bacterium, by streptomycin sulfate fractionation, (NH₄)₂SO precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150, Phosphocellulose (P11) chromatography, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme did not lose its activity for at least 17 hours at 37℃, but lost whole activities within 5 min at 70℃. This enzyme required Mg^(2+) and the enzyme activity was not observed with Fe^(2+), Mn^(2+), Zn^(2+) or Ca^(2+) instead of Mg^(2+), The enzyme showed maximum activity at the Mg^(2+) concentration from 0.3 mM to 10 mM, but did not show any activities at below 0.1 mM or above 30 mM. This enzyme loses its activity with above 0.5 mM EDTA concentration and with above 0. 05% SDS concentration respectively. On a agarose gel electrophoresis of the digests of, pSV22 and pBR322 DNA, this enzyme gave the same band pattern as reported. Also, the band patterns of the double digests of pBR322 DNA with this enzyme plus EcoRI, BamHI and SaII were the same as expected. The purified enzyme did not show any contamination with other DNases.


The need to makeover low-performing schools is urgent! Educational reports show that specific student populations are consistently low-performing academically. A postmodern model of school reform integrated with the realms of meaning will assist to close the educational gap in schools and society. According to postmodern guru, Fenwick English (2003), perspectives enable i ndividuals to construct truths that may be tested through logic and intuition and modified over and over again, hence continued learning and understanding.


High mobility group proteins A (HMGA), nuclear architectural factors, locate in the cell nuclei and mostly execute gene‐regulation function. However, our results reveal that a HMGA member (HMGA1a) has a unique plasma membrane receptor; this receptor specifically binds to HMGA‐decorated species, effectively mediates endocytosis, and internalizes extracellular HMGA‐functionalized cargoes. Indeed, dyes or nanoparticles labeled with HMGA1a protein readily enter Hela cells. Using a stratagem chemical cross‐linker, we covalently bonded the HMGA receptor to the HMGA1a‐GFP fusion protein, thus capturing the plasma membrane receptor. Subsequent Western blots and SDS–PAGE gel revealed that the HMGA receptor is a 26‐kDa protein. Confocal live‐cell microscopic imaging was used to monitor the whole endocytic process, in which the internalized HMGA1a‐decorated species are transported by motor proteins on microtubules and eventually arrive at the late endosomes/lysosomes. Cell viability assays also suggested that extracellular HMGA1a protein directly influences the survival ability of Hela cells in a dose‐dependent manner, implying versatility of HMGA1a protein and its potent role to suppress cancer cell survivability and to regulate growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 791–801, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Conrad Russell, the fifth Earl Russell, historian of 16thand 17th-century Britain, was the younger son of the mathematician, philosopher, political activist and Nobel prize winner Bertrand Russell. After a difficult childhood, overshadowed by his father's celebrity and the very public breakup of his parents' marriage, he went up to Merton College Oxford, in 1955, graduating with a First. He then undertook doctoral work under Christopher Hill, on the treason laws in the early 17th century, but made little progress, although he later published two notable articles – 'The ship money judgments of Bramston and Davenport' and 'The theory of treason in the trial of Strafford' – based on his earlier researches.(1) [2] In 1960 Conrad became a lecturer at Bedford College, University of London, where he met his future wife Elizabeth, a fellow-historian whose warmth of character and unstinting support proved vital in enabling him to fulfil his potential. Between 1966 and 1968 he toyed with the possibility of giving up his academic career for parliamentary politics, contesting South Paddington as a Labour candidate in 1966 and being urged to stand for election at Mitcham and Beddington in 1968. Conrad was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 1971, the year in which he published his provocative, indeed avant garde, textbook The Crisis of Parliaments 1509-1660. In 1973 he edited a collection of essays, The Origins of the English Civil War, in which the most noteworthy contributions were his own 'Parliament and the King's finances' and Nicholas Tyacke's 'Puritanism, Arminianism and counter-revolution'. He encapsulated his position in the statement that historians had 'overrated both the powers and the ambitions of early 17th-century parliaments'. Those parliaments had failed to understand that the Crown's finances were genuinely in crisis, undermined on the one hand by inflation and on the other, by the extraordinary rise in the costs of war consequent on the military revolution. He pointed to 'the rock-like obstinacy of country members' refusal to accept the real cost of government'. Hence it was not surprising that the early Stuart monarchy increasingly came to see Parliament in general and the House of Commons in particular, as an obstructive and increasingly irrelevant institution. His essay sketched out most of what later came to be known as 'revisionism', a label Conrad found irritating, on the grounds that all historians whose researches advanced the subject were intrinsically revisionist.


The facial muscles are well developed; they include an orbicularis palpebrartmn encircling the orbit, and an orbicularis oris which surrounds the mouth; the latter, in addition to a posterior bony attachment, has also an anterior one to the maxillary alveolar border just above the incisor teeth, whilst a few of its external fibres pass to the lateral nasal cartilages. There is a strong elevator labii superiors et alc nasi and a rudimentary elevator auguli oris. The bnccinator is well marked. The frontal moiety of the occipito-frontalis is prolonged as a thin superficial muscular sheet which blends with the orbicular muscles, both in the orbital and buccal regions. The muscles of mastication are arranged in the manner usually found amongst carnivores. The temporal is very strong, and, as in Hyaanidss, not easily separable from the masseter. This latter muscle, which has its usual attachments, is only divisible to a slight extent, and that posteriorly, into two strata. Of the two pterygoid muscles the external is very small, and, as in carnivores generally, is apparently antagonistic to the


Di-1,3,5-triazinyl ethers have been prepared by the condensation of 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazines with potassium 1,3,5-triazin-2-olate in acetonitrile in the presence of a small amount of cyclic polyether. Di-1,3,5-triazinyl ether was also prepared by the reaction of 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine with potassium nitrite.


Key Points TDM has an ambiguous impact on the macrophage response to IFN-γ. TDM impairs IFN-γ–induced Ag presentation via MHC-II and GBP1 expression. Inhibition by TDM does not affect STAT1 phosphorylation, but requires SOCS1. Visual Abstract Mycobacteria survive in macrophages despite triggering pattern recognition receptors and T cell–derived IFN-γ production. Mycobacterial cord factor trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM) binds the C-type lectin receptor MINCLE and induces inflammatory gene expression. However, the impact of TDM on IFN-γ–induced macrophage activation is not known. In this study, we have investigated the cross-regulation of the mouse macrophage transcriptome by IFN-γ and by TDM or its synthetic analogue trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB). As expected, IFN-γ induced genes involved in Ag presentation and antimicrobial defense. Transcriptional programs induced by TDM and TDB were highly similar but clearly distinct from the response to IFN-γ. The glycolipids enhanced expression of a subset of IFN-γ–induced genes associated with inflammation. In contrast, TDM/TDB exerted delayed inhibition of IFN-γ–induced genes, including pattern recognition receptors, MHC class II genes, and IFN-γ–induced GTPases, with antimicrobial function. TDM downregulated MHC class II cell surface expression and impaired T cell activation by peptide-pulsed macrophages. Inhibition of the IFN-γ–induced GTPase GBP1 occurred at the level of transcription by a partially MINCLE-dependent mechanism that may target IRF1 activity. Although activation of STAT1 was unaltered, deletion of Socs1 relieved inhibition of GBP1 expression by TDM. Nonnuclear Socs1 was sufficient for inhibition, suggesting a noncanonical, cytoplasmic mechanism. Taken together, unbiased analysis of transcriptional reprogramming revealed a significant degree of negative regulation of IFN-γ–induced Ag presentation and antimicrobial gene expression by the mycobacterial cord factor that may contribute to mycobacterial persistence.


Despite recent advances in reducing poverty across the world, millions of people remain on the verge of or already living in severe multidimensional poverty especially in third world nations. The poor in Nigeria suffer from a feeling of voicelessness, helplessness, mistreatment, a complete lack of capacity to influence important choices that impact their life, and a lack of social networking inside state and societal organisations. The goal of this research is to conduct a geospatial analysis of Nigeria's multidimensional poverty and to identify the geospatial distribution pattern of poverty in Jigawa State as a case study. As a result, comprehend the causes of Jigawa's complicated poverty condition and to create the state's first ever poverty map. Also, to look at the country's poverty trends, with a particular emphasis on Jigawa. The National Bureau of Statistics provided the headcount poverty statistics for Nigerian states, which were downloaded and analysed using simple geospatial approach. The findings revealed a dynamic pattern in Nigerian state poverty from 1996 to 2019. The distribution of poverty in Jigawa state, as a case study, revealed that physical and natural environment resources play a critical role in the state's high poverty rate. Natural drainage, fertile soil, flat topography, and vegetation pattern all aid other people's poverty levels in different parts of the state. Future study will examine the linking between environmental, social, religious, and political factors and multidimensional poverty using a geospatial method to map the state's poverty, which has consistently ranked at the bottom of the Nigeria States Poverty Index.


Three least cost feed formulae were designed with the help of linear programming model on the basis of nutritional and energy requirement of Penaeus monodon and processed through conventional meat mincer and cooking extruder. Four feeds developed from these formulae were characterised with respect to proximate composition, energy, pellet diameter, true and bulk densities, settling rate and water stability. Results showed that these feeds resemble some commercial shrimp feeds available in the market. Aquarium culture experiments with these feeds yielded feed conversion ratio similar to each other, but slightly higher than that of the commercial feed sample.


Structured Abstract Background: Application of natural-based herbal medicine is on a growing trend in some countries and people prefer to use plant-originated drugs rather than chemical-based ones. The present study describes an interesting sample preparation method for extraction and determination of cyproheptadine in herbal supplements as appetizing stimulant by using carbon nitride nanosheets as dispersive solid phase extraction method coupled with HPLC-UV. Methods: Various techniques used for characterization of adsorbent such as: Infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zeta potential analysis and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optimization of the important extraction parameters were conducted by one parameter-at-a time method. Next, method validation was carried out. Results: The optimized cyproheptadine extraction parameters were introduced and under optimized conditions the method presented a good linearity in the concentration range of 300-2000 ng/g. The limit of detection (LOD) was 100 ng/g for the introduced method. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of fifteen real samples (Tablets or capsules) by proposed method confirmed the illegal presence of cyproheptadine in herbal appetizing stimulants supplements of the markets.


SUMMARY This paper describes two substepping schemes for integrating elastoplastic stress-strain relations. The schemes are designed for use in finite element plasticity calculations and solve for the stress increments assuming that the strain increments are known. Both methods are applicable to a general type of constitutive law and control the error in the integration process by adjusting the size of each substep automatically. The first method is ba5ed on the well-known modified Euler scheme, whereas the second technique employs a high order Runge-Kutta formula. The procedures outlined do not require any form of stress correction to prevent drift from the yield surface. Their utility is illustrated by analysis of typical boundary value problems. INTRODUCTION When the displacement type of finite element method is used to analyse the behaviour of elastoplastic solids, the overall load-deformation response is ascertained in an incremental or iterative manner. At each stage in the solution process the external forces are applied in increments and the corresponding nodal displacement increments are determined via the global stiffness equations. The strains and stresses are then computed at a discrete number of integration points within each element using the strain-displacement relations and thc elastoplastic stress-strain law, respectively. If the stresses at an integration point cause plastic yielding and an isotropic hardening rule is employed, the stresses are found by solving a system of differential equations of the form where


Gravity-driven, and thus passive thermosyphons represent a step-change in technology towards the goal of greatly increasing efficiency of datacenters by replacing energy hungry fans of heavy and expensive air cooled heat spreaders whilst also providing a highly-reliable solution able to dissipate the rising heat loads demanded in a reliable and cost-effective manner. In fact, the European Union has launched a zero carbon-footprint target for datacenters by the timeline of 2030. In the present paper, a newly updated version of the general simulation software previously presented at ITHERM 2017 and ITHERM 2020 is considered.For the industrial transition to the passive thermosyphon cooling solution, with its more "complex" flow phenomena, the availability of a general-use, widely validated simulation code that handles both air-cooled and water-cooled types of thermosyphons is of paramount importance for the successful transition to gravity-driven micro-scale two-phase cooling systems. The simulation code must be able to design and predict the thermosyphon-based cooling systems with high accuracy and handle the thermal-hydraulic behaviour of the different working fluid's flow regimes, besides that of the secondary side coolant.Additionally, the simulation code must be able to determine the steady-state and transient thermal-hydraulic performance for optimal designs. Reason why the simulation code is continuously validated versus new thermosyphon designs and new working fluids.A transient validation of the thermosyphon simulation code is performed here versus experimental data gathered for a 7-cm high mini-thermosyphon design with water as the coolant in the condenser, which is being considered for the cooling of high-performance servers.The comparison shows that the simulation code can predict transient thermal performance under heat load values from 50 W to 200 W for a single heat source, including cold start-up operations with an accuracy of ±2°C in terms of junction temperature. Validations analyzing junction temperature and working fluid pressure over time are presented in this study.The simulation code is also able to determine the working fluid mass flow rate generated by the gravity-driven thermosyphon, which is the key to correctly predicting the critical heat flux and ensure safe upper operating limit of the LTS cooling system.


The lithology,sedimentary structure,fractures and other geological information can be acquired directly from the electrical imaging log that widely applied in oilfield development.In oil-based mud environments,electrical imaging tool injecting alternating current into the formation using capacitive coupling,the button impendence can be obtained by measuring each button electrode current or potential,and the image that reflecting the formation characteristics can be acquired through calibrating the impendence signal.This paper proposes a new imaging processing method,the complex signals measurement after data processing,not only can obtain the formation resistivity image,dielectric image also can be obtained.The method has been validated by the modeling,at the same time the test well data by imaging processing can obtain well defined resistivity image and dielectric image.


Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring provides a practical method to follow trends in superficial cerebral cortex oxygenation during and after cardiovascular surgery. Determination of the limits of cerebral pressure–flow autoregulation is now possible using processed oximetry signals in relation to arterial pressure.


College theatre is one historic form of theatrical activity that is rarely mentioned these days in French-speaking Acadia. Yet its profile was once elevated, and indeed its early success gave rise to a first generation of Acadian playwrights. The very nature of college theatre, with its highly specific parameters of composition and production, appears to explain the lack of historical importance which is otherwise generally ascribed to the appearance of a new genre in a nation's literary history.
 Il est une activite theâtrale importante dont on ne parle presque plus aujourd'hui en Acadie. Le theâtre de college a en effet connu un moment de gloire certain, et son succes a fait naitre une premiere generation de dramaturges acadiens. Cependant, vu son mode de production et sa nature pragmatique particuliere, on s'etonne peu que ce theâtre ne revete pas l'importance historique qu'on accorde generalement al'apparition d'un nouveau genre dans la litterature d'une nation.


Summary
The aim of the study was to incorporate and determine the effect of combining flaxseed meal (15%) and soya flour (5% and 10%) and monitoring the effect of the two ingredients on product quality in yeast bread while at the same time to evaluate the effect of soya flour in preventing the development of lipid rancidity in the stored soya/flax bread. Bread volume decreased (P   0.05) in moisture in the flax and soya/flax breads. Darker crusts (P < 0.05) were developed in the control and soya/flax breads, while a darker (P < 0.05) crumb was found in flax and soya/flax breads. A 10% substitution level of soya flour did not have a significant effect on inhibiting lipid rancidity, but a lower peroxide value was produced in the bread. A 10% level of soya flour substitution also produced bread with lower quality sensory scores.


Twenty two waxy rice cultivars originated from Central Vietnam were used for studying the variation on starch properties and the relationship to single nucleotide polymorphism in the SSIIa gene. A wide range of alkali digestibility level among 22 waxy rice cultivars was observed and recorded as low, intermediate and high alkali digestibility groups. All 22 waxy rice cultivars has significantly higher proportion of fa (DP≦12) and markedly lower proportion of fb1 chains with DP from 12 to 24 whereas the little difference was observed in proportion fb2 (25≦DP≦36) and fb3 (DP≧37) between waxy cultivars tested and IR36. The nucleotide changes in three exons (exon 1, exon 2 and exon 8) were observed in 22 waxy rice cultivars. Of the six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the coding region, two SNPs, C/T (at site 516 bp) in exon 2 and G/T (at site 3903) in exon 8, were silent substitution while other four caused amino acid replacement. The SNP at position 264 bp in exon 1, was found an G–to–C transition causing change of glutamic to aspartic while the SNP at 3,799 bp in exon 8, resulting in glycine to serine change. The SNP at 4,198 bp, causing methionine to valine. The SNP at 4,329–4330 bp was observed a GC–to–TT transition leading to change of glycine–leucine change to glycine–phenylalanine. The study suggested that the wide variation on alkali digestibility and amylopectin fine structure in waxy rice starch was caused by the nucleotide diversity of SSIIa gene besides of other starch synthase genes involving in amylopectin synthesis.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to space power engineering and can be used for intensification of photosynthesis on the Earth. The system contains satellite (2) with at least two optical units. The first unit (3) is for sunlight collection and at all times is solar-oriented. The second optical unit (6) which is smaller and less inertial is for retransmission a light flux with higher energy density than the collected flux density to area (Z). Its orientation is remotely regulated from control centre (11). Between the optical units (3) and (6) there is facility (10) for light transmission from unit (3) to unit (6). The optical unit (6) retransmits light in certain frequency ranges only - about 450 nm and 660 nm. This is achieved by filtering the radiation flux for example by special treatment of devices (6), (10) surfaces and their manufacturing of certain materials. EFFECT: possibility to illuminate with solar flux of high density and in required spectral range sufficiently large areas of celestial body (the Earth) to intensify photosynthesis on them. 6 cl, 2 dwg


Introduction The colonial background The post-colonial context The system of university education From the policy environment to the job market The politics of funding The gendered composition of federal universities Institutional cultures & equality agendas What constitutes reform? Conclusions & recommendations.


About 62% of the maize produced in developing countries is cultivated manually owing to limited access to appropriate technology. Available technologies perform a single operation, necessitating farmers to buy multiple implements, which is expensive. In this study, an ox-drawn tool integrating a plough, planter and cultivator for small-scale maize farming was developed and its performance evaluated. Planting and cultivating units were designed and fabricated for assembly onto an existing standard ox-plough beam. The integrated tool was tested in the field to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of cultivation and planting of maize. Results showed that the planting unit had an average seed rate of 35.4 kg ha-1 with a seed damage of 4% and an effective field capacity of 0.15 ha h-1 at a field efficiency of 87.3%. The cultivating unit had an effective field capacity of 0.1 ha h-1 and a weeding efficiency of 86%. The efficiency, effectiveness and reliability for field operations are superior to manual operations currently used by farmers and are comparable to single-unit prototypes developed in other countries. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of integrating planting and cultivation units onto an existing mouldboard plough instead of buying multiple tools.


The research was conducted on development of coconut milk residue and jackfruit seed enriched biscuits. Biscuit were prepared with different combination of refined flour, jackfruit seed flour and coconut milk residue flour with two different temperature of baking. The coconut milk residue flour and jackfruit seed flour has high fibres content 46.50 per cent and 3.34 per cent, respectively. Coconut milk residue is by product of coconut milk processing industries such as virgin coconut oil processing industries, flavoured coconut milk industries and coconut milk powder producing industries. Generally jackfruit seed and coconut milk residue thrown as waste and coconut milk residue also used to feeding animals. Coconut milk residue and jackfruit seed have many nutritional and beneficial properties to human health. The total yield of the jackfruit seed flour exclusive of weight of the white arils (2 %), brown spermoderm (8.16 %), handling losses represented 13.34 per cent and when passed through mesh flour yield was documented as 67.50 g. The biscuit containing 50:20:30 and 50:30:20 combination of refined flour, coconut flour and jackfruit seed flour scores more in sensory evaluation. The biscuit colour which are baked at 180 oC had good colour and apperence than biscuit baked at 200 oC. On addition of coconut sugar instead of common sugar the colour of biscuit is improved. The moisture content of coconut and jackfruit seed biscuit is about 1- 4 per cent. Spread ratio of coconut and jackfruit seed based biscuit is in range of 8 to 10. The colour of biscuit indicated that, the control biscuit were significantly whiter than the rest.


We study a particular generalisation of the classical Kramers model describing Brownian particles in the external potential. The generalised model includes the stochastic force which is modelled as an additive random noise that depends upon the position of the particle, as well as time. The stationary solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is analysed in two limits: weak external forcing, where the solution is equivalent to the increase of the potential compared to the classical model, and strong external forcing, where the solution yields a non-zero probability flux for the motion in a periodic potential with a broken reflection symmetry.


The invention relates to an automatic copper ingot stacking device which solves the problems in the prior art that copper ingots are carried and stacked by people, the carrying is inconvenient, the weight is limited and the efficiency is low. The automatic copper ingot stacking device comprises a mechanical hand carrying the copper ingots automatically and placing the copper ingots on a rack in order. An automatically moving trolley is arranged between the mechanical hand and a copper material cutting device. After copper materials are cut, the trolley automatically transfers the copper ingots to a carrying station. The trolley moves automatically between the mechanical hand and the copper material cutting device, the trolley conveys the copper ingots to the carrying station after the copper materials are cut into the copper ingots and the mechanical hand carries the copper ingots from the trolley to the rack. The whole process is automatic, requiring no manual carrying; the automatic copper ingot stacking device meets the requirement for carrying of heavy copper ingots, and is high in carrying efficiency and safety; the trolley can be driven by a driving mechanism to move back and forth automatically; or the trolley moves automatically in one half of the travel via a slope and is driven to move by the driving mechanism in the other half of the travel, and thus the moving in the whole travel is fully automatic.


The authors of the 42 chapters in this volume only tangentially address themselves to this problem which is a pity because, from the reading of their accounts, they are all anxious to see water management technology transferred to suit particular local conditions. My guess is that a second international conference will probably deal with the more intractable issues of how best to put these good intentions into practice and genuinely improve the health and wellbeing of third world people yet guarantee that the environmental resources upon which they depend are not unduly impaired.


The modulation transfer function (MTF) is widely used to characterise the performance of optical systems. Measuring it is costly and it is thus rarely available for a given lens specimen. Fortunately, images recorded through an optical system contain ample information about its MTF, only that it is confounded with the statistics of the images. This work presents a method to estimate the MTF of camera lens systems directly from photographs, without the need for expensive equipment. We use a custom grid display to accurately measure the point response of lenses to acquire ground truth training data. We then use the same lenses to record natural images and employ a supervised learning approach using a convolutional neural network to estimate the MTF on small image patches, aggregating the information into MTF charts over the entire field of view. It generalises to unseen lenses and can be applied for single photographs, with the performance improving if multiple photographs are available.


An experimental study was done to examine the relationship between vibrotactile amplitude displacement and softness sensation. Merkel Disk behavior relative to softness sensation was studied under psychophysical experimentation of human participants. Restrictions are carefully applied on contact area spreading so that vibration will be the only factor that would induce a sensation. A vibrotactile device was excited at constant frequency and its amplitude is adjusted at different levels to alter the amount of skin displacement. Volunteers participated in a two-alternative force choice experiment were ask to compare the perceived softness difference between voice coil and silicone rubber. Statistical analysis on the responses of participants showed a decline of spring constant. It was interesting to note, that even though contact area was significantly restrained participants were still able to discriminate softness sensation form vibrotactile stimulation. Such observation possibly shows that illusion of contact area spread rate can be reproduced by vibrotactile stimulation.


The paper presents a new scheme for forward position analysis of 6 3 structure in parallel manipulator, which is based on the fact that locations of three moving globular joints should be always forming triangle of the moving platform. The successive approximation method is used to find the joint positions of globular joints to feet the distances of three sides of moving platform. In general numerical schemes, which determine a solution from a set of nonlinear simultaneous equations, the convergence rate varies with different joint inputs. The convergence of this method depends chiefly on approximation accuracy rather than on the joint inputs, because joint inputs, search region and step are self modified successively in the process. There is also no influence on the neighborhood of singularity for the solution. Computation results show that the approximation accuracy reaches 10 -5 .


Light passing into the mineral ulexite (which crystallizes in a natural "fiber-optic" form) is resolved into fast rays and slow rays, which refract into one another across grain boundaries and experience multiple reflections. The consequence is that an obliquely incident beam of light emerges as three cones from each fiber, with the light in two of the cones being polarized.


The Early Period, in Germany and Italy: Educated in Munich and Berlin, Ph.D. at Berlin, 1923, under Adolf Goldschmidt. Married Margot Holzmann, 1923; one son, Mario. Bibliotheca Hertziana, Rome, from 1923–28 as Research Assistant and 1928–33 as Research Fellow. Lecturer, University of Cologne, 1932–33.


Abs t rac t We introduce an adaptive blind equalization coupled with carrier recovery for HDTV system. The adaptive equalization is based on the hybrid of the constant modulus algorithm(CMA)[ 1 J and a "stop-and-go" ulgorithm(SGA)[Z]. The CMA is first used to initialize the coefficients; once initialized, the CMA is switched to the SGA for completing the equalizer convergence. In addition, the Sawlike errors used in the SGA are replaced by errors used for updating coefficients in the CMA. The carrier recovery for coupling with the adaptive equalization is based on the technique reported in [3]. The calculation of absolute sum of phase error gives a simple and reliable way of switching (CMA to SGA) the adaptive equalizer's coefficient updating procedure. Test results confmn that the proposed scheme is robust against the gaussian and/or impulsive noise, ghosts and the carrier error consisting of frequency offset, phase offset and phase jitter.


ABSTRACT A cob salvaging system using a pneumatic separation unit and a trailed wagon was built and tested. About 80% of the available cobs were collected, with 93% cobs, by dry weight, in the mixture. The system required less than 12 kW to operate. The suspension velocities of the cobs was found to overlap with those of the stalks, making complete pneumatic separation impractical. Cob dry matter losses and calorific value changes during outside storage were studied.


Abstract Hauser and Taylor have shown1 that α-(dimethylamino)-Phenylacstonitrile (I), Dissolved in liquid ammonia, can be benzylated in the presence of sodium or potassium amide (1).


This study aims to determine the development of martial arts degree training, in improving athletes' achievements, it is expected that this research can contribute information for input for fostering achievement achievements. This research is a qualitative research using observation, interview and documentation data collection methods. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis technique. The results of the study are: (1) The quality of the trainers at SATLAT SMAN 1 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency can be categorized as good, based on the results of data analysis conducted. (2) Sources of funding at SATLAT SMAN 1 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency are in accordance with Indonesian Law No. 3 of 2005 concerning the National Sports System, but are still categorized as not good, because funding at SATLAT SMAN 1 Batang Anai, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman only relies contributions from athletes. (3) Infrastructure facilities at SATLAT SMAN 1 Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency are generally categorized as good, this can be seen from the adequate training equipment and training grounds


Bone tumours are not common in the bones of the feet. We reviewed 10 years of referrals to the Leeds regional bone tumour registry between 1990 and 1999 which revealed twenty such tumours accounting for 5% of the total number of 341 bone tumours. The mean age of the patients was 32 years (range 2 yrs to 80 yrs). Men were affected more commonly than women (60% versus 40%). 40% affected the tarsal bones, 25% affected the hind foot, and 35 % affected the small tubular bones of the foot. 80% of tumours were benign. Malignant tumours accounted for only 20 % of all foot tumours and of these, 95% were primary tumours and only 5 % were metastases. Malignant tumours were found more frequently in the older population mean age (50 years). Bone tumour registries offer a reliable source of data to study rare neoplasms in a large population group.


Estimates and projections of children living with HIV, the number of new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths show an increasing trend every year. The number of children living with HIV is projected increase from 20,181 in 2014 to 31,146 in 2019, and the projected number of new infections in this age will increase from 4,653 in 2014 to 5,309 in 2019. On the other hand, the estimated number and projections of AIDS-associated deaths in children will change from 2,107 in 2014 to 2,950 in 2019. The objective of this study is to identify one of risk factor in HIV transmission from mother to child, which is breastfeeding and enrich the knowledge related to risk factors of HIV transmission from mother to child, so that the transmission rate can be reduce. This study was a case-control design conducted in the Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. From 2002 until 2010. Subjects were all children, from 6-14 years old which are carried out the HIV test. Two groups were observed. First group were children with HIV positive and control group were HIV negative children with HIV positive mother. Data on breastfeeding history was obtained from interviews with family. The whole pregnant and lactating women have not been taking ART. One hundred and twenty-eight children were included in the analysis. There was more male (59%) than female children (41%). There were 68 HIV positive children in the case group and 60 children in the control group. Main delivery method in both case and control group was vaginal birth (75% and 52%). Breastfeeding was much higher in case group (88% vs 52%). Association between HIV infection in children and delivery method is not significant. On the other hand, breastfeeding is significantly associated with HIV infection in children. Children who were breastfed are twelve times (95% CI 3.275 – 62.981) more likely to have HIV infection. It was concluded that breastfeeding is an important risk factor in HIV transmission from mother to child, when mothers had had no ARV therapy.


The aim of this paper is to examine the perceived risks of the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the justice system of the High Courts of Malaysia. The research adopts a qualitative method, comprising of the collection of secondary data, which involves librarybased research over relevant laws and regulations, textbooks, journal articles, practice directions and reports. The secondary data is triangulated with the primary data generated from a case study comprising of four High Courts of West and East Malaysia. A total of sixteen respondents were interviewed to explore and understand their perception of the risks and their attitudes towards such risks in the adoption of ICT at the respective courts. The primary data, which had been generated, was analysed by using the computer aided qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti version 7 prior to reporting of the same. The findings indicate that several perceived risks exist when ICT is used in court. Such risks are in line with the theory of risk perception, particularly the risks of performance, financial, time, psychological, social, security and privacy. The research further found that the risks do not affect the attitude of the users in adopting or continuing to adopt these technologies. Rather, the judges, the court administrative officers, the lawyers and the system developers either could not perceive these risks, or they downplay these risks, which eventually resulted in the adoption itself. The research provides some insights into the risks of the adoption of ICT by the courts, and it would contribute to the body of knowledge on ICT and ICT adoption in Malaysia. The outcome of this paper will assist the researchers in proposing recommendations for the amendment to the relevant statutes, improvement to the practice directions, and to propose best practices and code of conduct in eliciting improvements to the ICT adoption by the Malaysian courts.


This article studies the behavior of human sleep found the insufficient sleep problem due to the brain performance. This experiment uses devices such as sleeptracker to save the results of a sleep and electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect brainwaves while enjoying music. However, this study considers only a general sleep and sleep event that a relaxed with the music. The findings indicated the music can help to reduce the problems of insufficient sleep. As a result, volunteers are developing the sleep as sufficiently and efficiently due to get the best quality of sleep in the life. It is also available to deploy to the general person in order to solve the problem of insufficient sleep.


Objective:To establish the quality standard of Qingxuan Zhitan pill.Methods:Pheretima and Semen cassiae were identified by TLC; Baicalin was determined by HPLC.Results:The chemical substance could be identified by TLC;Baicalin showed a good 1inear relationship at the range of 0.01515~0.6060μg.The average recovery of baicalin were 96.78%,RSD=0.50%(n=5).Conclusion:The method is simple,reliable, dependable,accurate and easy to operate.


In this contribution introductory the problem of the penetration of fire smoke into staircases is represented by fires in underground railway stations. Different models for the computation of the smoke expansion are represented and endangerment criteria are defined. The application of KOB-RA-3D for the evaluation of the fire hazard (endangerment to persons by the smoke) is described by fire simulation for underground stations of Hamburger Hochbahn. By the example of the underground station Emilienstrasse in Hamburg the results of the fire simulation are represented. Finally construction examples of smoke exhaust venting equipment in underground stations are pointed out.


A real-time temperature measurement technique with high spatial (≤20 μm) and temporal (≤1 μs) resolutions for SiC wafers during ultra-rapid thermal annealing (URTA) has been developed based on optical-interference contactless thermometry (OICT). This technique consists of hardware (OICT imaging setup) and software (fast temperature extraction program). Under URTA by atmospheric-pressure thermal plasma jet, a clear variation of optical-interference fringes was observed by a high-speed camera and then analyzed by a fast temperature extraction program using image preprocessing and a database. 3.5D (x, y, z and time) temperature distribution in SiC wafer was obtained within 0.43 s.


Code smells signal that something is wrong in the source code that requires immediate attention. Over the years, many research studies have been carried out in this field using various tools and techniques. Exception handling is a powerful mechanism for handling run-time errors, which improves the robustness to enhance software's quality. However, exception handling design problem is the least explored research area that requires sincere intervention. It is often ignored by the developers, thereby having a negative impact on the software concerning reliability, maintainability, etc. In order to understand the exception handling design smells, nine different types of smells, namely careless cleanup, dummy handler, empty catch block, exception thrown in finally block, nested try statement, unprotected main, return code, ignored checked exception and catch clause as spare handler in java have been illustrated to provide a clear view of these smells with the help of the proposed design template. This design template will help software practitioners understand exception handling bad smells more efficiently. The suggested refactoring can further be applied to improve the source code and hence software maintainability.


Static solutions with a bulk dilaton are derived in the context of six dimensional warped compactification. In the string frame, exponentially decreasing warp factors are identified with critical points of the low energy $\beta$-functions truncated at a given order in the string tension corrections. The stability of the critical points is discussed in the case of the first string tension correction. The singularity properties of the obtained solutions are analyzed and illustrative numerical examples are provided.


Currently, databases are widely used in almost all areas of human activity. For all variety of different types of databases the most common are relational (table) databases, mathematical model of which was proposed by E. Codd. From mathematical point of view, a relational database is a finite set of finite relations between different predefined sets of basic data. Table algebra introduced by V.N.~Red'ko and D.B. Buy is based on Codd's relational algebra and significantly improves it. It formed the theoretical foundation of modern database query language. Elements of the carrier of table algebra specify relational data structures, and signature operations are based on the basic table manipulations in relational algebra and SQL-like languages. One of the most actual tasks in relational and table algebras is the problem of equivalent transformation of expressions in order to minimize or reduce them to a standard form; it is one of the stages of query optimization, and can also significantly reduce the processing time of information in relational database management systems. For the decision of this problem the interrelations between the basic table operations are used. In the present, a significant number of such interrelations have been established, most of which for the general case are performed as inclusions. The author has found criteria for the transition of some such inclusions into equalities. These criteria are expressed in terms of the active domains of the tables and are natural. In this paper, the interrelations of the difference and the projection of tables with other signature operations of table algebras: intersection, union, selection, renaming of attributes, join, saturation, active complement are considered.


Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of interventions based on models and theories of health education and promotion in preventing substance abuse in adolescents.
Method: A detailed search was performed in Magiran, SID, Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases using related keywords to extract all studies published in this field with the time limit of January 1, 2011 to December 21, 2021. After screening the studies, 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined.
Results: In this research, there were 7 semi-experimental studies, 3 clinical trials, and 1 unclear study, which were conducted on first- and second-grade high school students. Educational interventions were conducted in 6 articles based on the theory of planned behavior, 2 articles based on the health belief model, 1 article based on the developed theory of rational action, 1 article based on the trans theoretical model, and 1 article based on the family interaction theory.
Conclusion: The results showed that the use of different models/theories could have a positive effect on preventing substance abuse and subsequently performing health behaviors. Based on the findings, the structure of attitude and self-efficacy were introduced as the most important and strongest variables in most studies and played a crucial role in preventing substance abuse and health behavior in students


A study comparing hemihepatic in fl ow occlusion (HIO) versus total hepatic in fl ow occlusion (TIO) for LH was published in a recent issue of the International Journal of Surgery . In this study, the authors concluded both TIO and HIO approaches could be safely performed. The TIO technique, particularly when the transection plane was situated on the liver Cantlie ' s plane, had more advantages in terms of postoperative outcomes and it was easier to be mastered than the HIO approach [1] . Despite the strengths of this study, several issues need further discussion. First, one of the inclusion criteria was that the liver function was classi fi ed as Child – Pugh A. The background characteristics of patients showed that more than half of the patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both groups in Table 1. In China, HCC caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) comprises ~70 – 80%, and HBV-related HCC is associated with worsened liver function [2] . In addition, liver resection in patients suffering from HBV-related cirrhosis is challenging as a result of portal pressure and impaired coagulation function. Because of the HBV infection and associated liver cirrhosis, most patients with HCC have Child – Pugh B or even Child – Pugh C liver function. The scope of the study is relatively limited if only Child – Pugh A patients are included.


Research of nimonic long-term strength, which allows determining its value at different temperatures and the test of time are conducted on the basis of mathematical simulation. Criterion for interchangeability verification of special alloys on the example of nimonic is proposed. This criterion is based on a parametric description of the test property depending on the Lagrange multiplier and allows finding its suboptimal values in the investigated range of input variables


There is essentially no teacher training for technical writing overseas. Western Europe follows United Kingdom practices because English is the primary scientific and technical language and the U.K.'s ISTC has assumed leadership on the continent. In the U.K., teachers are primarily concerned with preparing students for the external examinations given by the City and Guilds for certification of technical writers; elaborate teacher-training programs are unnecessary for this. Canada has not yet expanded course offerings sufficiently to create a demand for teachers of technical writing. Australia has this year decided to implement the U.K. procedure. While all nations train their scientists, en passant, to communicate in their own disciplines, none trains teachers of technical writing specifically.


The article describes the thermogasdynamic model of small-scale gas turbine engine. This model takes the engine size into account during the efficiency assessment. The engine size is defined by the value of mass flow rate corrected by parameters at the exit of the compressor. The important features of working process of small-scale gas turbine engines are the increased hydraulic losses and decreased turbomachinery efficiency due to the increasing of a boundary layer relative thickness and relative tip clearances. This article describes the mathematical models that provide the corrected values of turbomachinery and combustion chamber efficiency ratios. This approach provides more adequate results of working process parameters optimization and may be used for conceptual designing of micro gas turbine engines.


The effects of supplemental vitamin E and selenium fed through diet during various age periods on the growth performance and meat stability of broiler chicken were studied. Two separate basal diets for starting (0–3 wks) and finishing (4–7 wks) phases were formulated. To these basal diets, vitamin E (as a-tocopherol acetate) and inorganic selenium (as sodium selenite) were added @ 225 IU and 0.5 mg per kg of diet, respectively during various age periods. Four dietary schedules (treatments) were adopted as per the following feeding regimen: (Dl)-basal diet without supplemental vitamin E and selenium fed during 0–7 weeks of age (control), (D2)-basal diet supplemented with 225 IU vitamin E and 0.5 mg Se per kg of diet fed continuously during 0–7 weeks of age, (D3)-basal diet supplemented with 225 IU vitamin E and 0.5 mg Se per kg of diet fed during 0–3 weeks of age and unsupplemented basal diet fed during 4–7 weeks of age, and (D4)-unsupplemented basal diet fed during 0–3 weeks of age and basal diet supplemented with 225 IU vitamin E and 0.5 mg Se per kg diet fed during 4–7 weeks of age. Each of the four dietary regimens were offered ad libitum to four replicated groups of 10 chick. The growth performance of broilers during starting (0–3 wks), finishing (4–7 wks) and overall (0–7 wks) phases of growth did not differ significantly (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Significantly (P<0.01) higher TBA values were observed in the stored meat samples on the unsupplemented (control) group in comparison to the three treatment groups. Upon 2 and 3 months storage, the stability of meat samples also deteriorated (P<0.01) in diet 3 wherein vitamin E/Se was added in diet during starting phase (0–3 wks of age) only. Similarly, drip loss was also significantly (P<0.01) higher in control diet than other diets. Sensory attributes done up to 2 months storage also showed deterioration in quality of meat of control diet than the other diets. It is concluded that supplementation of 225 IU vitamin E and 0.5 mg inorganic selenium per kg in diet of broiler chicken fed during 4–7 weeks of age before slaughter is sufficient for optimum meat stability.


The invention discloses a diamond reinforced metal-base composite material for electronic packaging and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises the following components by volume percent:30%-90% of diamond, 0.1%-5% of addition element and 10%-70% of metal substrate, wherein the addition element comprises one or more of Zr, Cr, Ti and B and the metal substrate comprises one metal of Ag, Cu and the like. The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: mixing powder, pressing, infiltrating and pressing again. Owning to the adopted alloy element addition method,the wettability among phases is greatly improved. Therefore the material prepared by the method of the invention has better thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient and mechanical properties compared with the former electronic packaging material and the adopted liquid phase infiltration method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and capability of mass production.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotype (Muscovy, Pekin and their crossbred hinny and mule ducks) and overfeeding (14 days from 12 weeks of age) on the quantity and quality of lipid deposition in adipose and muscle tissue in ducks. Samples of muscles (Pectoralis major and Iliotibialis superficialis) and abdominal fat were collected at 14 weeks of age to determine lipid levels, lipid classes and fatty acid composition. By comparison with the other genotypes, Pekin ducks exhibited higher amounts of abdominal fat and higher lipid levels in muscles (+105 and +120% in P. major and Iliotibialis superficialis, respectively) by comparison with Muscovy ducks. By comparison with other genotypes, Muscovy ducks exhibited the lowest triglyceride and phospholipid levels in muscles and Pekin ducks the highest levels. Muscovy ducks also showed the lowest cholesterol levels in I. Superficialis muscles. Muscovy ducks exhibited the highest levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in muscle and adipose tissues and the lowest levels of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Pekin ducks exhibited the reverse. For all these parameters, the crossbred ducks always presented intermediate values. Overfeeding induced an accumulation of lipids in adipose and muscle tissues (1.2- to 1.7- fold, depending on muscle type and genotype). This increase was higher in P. major than in I. superficialis muscles. The increase in the amount of abdominal fat was 1.7- to 3.1-fold, depending on genotype. This increase in lipid levels in peripheral tissues was mainly induced by triglyceride deposition. Finally, it induced a considerable increase in proportions of MUFA (particularly oleic acid) (expressed as % of total fatty acids) at the expense of PUFA (particularly arachidonic acid) and SFA. However, the amounts (expressed as g per 100 g of tissue) of SFA and MUFA increased in tissues while the amounts of PUFA remained unchanged in muscles and decreased in abdominal fat. The quantity and quality of fat deposition in peripheral tissues depends on the liver's ability to synthesise and also to export lipids. lipids / fatty acids / meat / muscles / ducks


A new class of node-splitting problems for graphs is introduced and studied. The goal of the splitting process is to minimize the number of node-splitting operations needed to transform a given input graph into a new graph that has a property (bipartite, planar, nonseparable, etc.) that the original graph does not have. It is shown that the node splitting problem is NP-complete when the property involved is bipartite or acyclic. It is also shown that the problem has efficient polynomial-time solutions when the property sought is tree, null, complete, degree-constrained, and nonseparability. It is proved that the node-splitting problem for a previously proposed formulation is also NP-complete. Applications of this problem in CAD/VLSI design and networks are also discussed.<<ETX>>


The Decree of a state of emergency affects not only the executive and legislative branches but also the judiciary. The Covid-19 Pandemic in various countries has both direct and indirect effects on the judiciary, especially in the performance of its duties and functions. This article is to found out the answer of two research question first, how court administration in the United States and Indonesia responds to the Covid-19 pandemic emergency and second, how is its reflection in on optimizing access to justice for court administration even under in the state of emergencies to the pandemic Covid -19. This study uses the comparative method by a study on legal material and practice of judicial emergency in other countries to take the best material and approach to provides advice that needs to be avoided in Indonesian Judiciary. This article has a novelty that legal material in the Judiciary act and procedural law books so limiting delegation to set supplementary regulations for each court and creating potential uniformity for emergency policy in the judiciary.