INTRODUCTION: Sprint velocity can be increased thanks to specific strength improvements (Korchemny, 1985). The training principle of specificity states that for a training session to be effective, it must maintain similar characteristics to the sport requirements (Sale, 2003). With the use of resisted sprint running methods, possible benefits are specific strength improvements and an increase in stride length (Faccioni, 1994). However, these methods have not been scientifically proven yet (Sheppard, 2004). METHOD: The aim was to determine the effects produced by the use of sled towing with 16% body weight (BW), speed-chute, weighted belt with 9% BW, shod and barefoot sand sprinting on stride length, stride frequency, and CG vertical oscillation (CGvo) in maximal velocity phase in sprinting. Ten sub-elite sprinters (5 male and 5 female) randomly performed 30 m maximal-effort fly sprinting with and without load. A 2D photogrammetric study was carried out, and a video camera was used operating at 50 Hz. The digitised coordinates (22 points model) were interpolated applying 5 th order splines to 100 Hz. Wilcoxon for dependent samples was conducted comparing unloaded with each resisted method (α=0.05). Table 1. Comparison of unloaded vs 5 resisted methods. Mean±standard deviations are presented. *Significantly different from unloaded sprint running, P<0.05. RESULTS: Table 1 shows data resulting from sprint resisted methods.


[In this essay the Chief Justice of the Federal Court of Australia reviews the Court's first 30 years. His Honour traces the origins of the Court, arguing that since Federation the Commonwealth has always sought to keep matters of special federal concern within the exclusive or near exclusive jurisdiction of federal courts. His Honour outlines the events leading to the establishment of the Federal Court and its subsequent growth and development as a national trial and appellate court of general jurisdiction in civil matters arising under federal law. His Honour discusses the Court's procedural reforms, its distinctive model of self-administration, and the growth of its jurisdiction consequent upon the large expansion of areas of Commonwealth legislative interest.]


Based on the practice and reform of the course "Introduction to Earth Science" teaching, this paper discusses the treatment of the relations between "teaching" and "study", "tradition methods" and "modern methods". The author presents the "block" teaching method and the "comprehension-memory-application" study method. Using these, students' all-round quality has been improved obviously.


Cell equalization is required in series connected strings to prolong battery lifespans, ensure safe operation, and to enhance the usable capacity of battery packs. Several cell balancing methods have been proposed in literature to address cell mismatch in series strings. Amongst these, dissipative balancing is the simplest and the most cost effective solution. However, this has a low efficiency and restricted balancing speed. Capacitor balancing is popular energy transferring method with its simple control, compact size, and low price; but it also has low balancing speed. Finally, runtime balancing, which is a relatively new technique, shows good performance in terms of balancing speed, and efficiency with its high cost and complex controller. Using MATLAB/ Simulink, this paper compares dissipative balancing, capacitive energy transferring balancing, and runtime balancing methods in terms of balancing speed, efficiency, complexity, and cost, with suitable applications mentioned.


This study presents an approach, the unit circle (UC), to the qualitative representation of kinematic robots. A robot is described as a collection of constraints holding among time-varying, interval-valued parameters. The UC representation is presented, and the continuous motion of the end-effector is evaluated by the change of directions of qualitative angle and qualitative length. Analytical formulas of qualitative velocity and qualitative acceleration are derived. The characteristic mapping is introduced for fault detection and diagnosis in terms of the UC. In the end simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the UC approach for fault diagnosis. The UC representation of robots concerns a global assessment of the systems behaviour, and it might be used for the purpose of monitoring, diagnosis, and explanation of physical systems. This is the first step to fault diagnosis and remediation for Beagle 2 using qualita-


The research attempts to gain a greater understanding of the experience of radiotherapy from the viewpoint of the female patient with breast cancer. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was employed using semistructured interviews undertaken in the patient's home approximately two weeks after completion of their treatment course. Data analysis resulted in the description of five important categories of experience for the women. Discussion concludes that it is paramount for all health care professionals and therapy radiographers in particular to undertake and promote this type of research in order for them to establish and maintain a true sense of empathy and understanding with their patients. It also helps health care professionals maintain a sense of the importance of the 'whole experience' for those in their care. This type of enquiry provides a valuable and yet all too rare insight into aspects of attending for radiotherapy which would otherwise remain buried beneath the bustle of a busy radiotherapy department. This article is an edited version of a Master's dissertation and as such can only convey the essence of the original work.


Human groups often develop systems of norms to describe how people ought to behave. Norms are theorized to play a critical role in the organization's structure and legitimacy. Here, we take a complex systems and information theoretic approach to study norms in one of the best documented knowledge commons available for quantitative analysis: the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. Norm creation on the encyclopedia is driven by the earliest users, and development spans more than a decade of page creation and cross-referencing. The most influential norms are created early and accrue distinct spheres of influence in the network. Despite order-of-magnitude growth in the number of pages and active users, our analysis reveals persistent local motifs indicative of stable cognitive mechanisms guiding norm formation. Local clustering gives rise to emergent communities focused on common themes. Our analysis provides the first quantitative study of norm formation and contextualizes Wikipedia's norm narrative in the sociological theory of institutions and economic theory of the commons. Mentor: Simon DeDeo, School of Informatics and Computing, Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University Bloomington


Abstract : Viewgraphs from presentation given to Swedish diplomats during a visit to the Air Force Research Lab, Edwards AFB, CA, in December 2000.


Wideband harmonics and undamped resonances have become problems of major concern for industrial end-users in the last time. Although passive dampers are the simplest solution to combat the mentioned problems, passive dampers convert the harmonic active power (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) they absorb to heat, leading to energy waste. Conversely, active dampers not only reduce harmonic distortion and suppress resonances but can also perform harmonic power recovery. In effect, harmonic power recovery implies transforming the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula> absorbed into fundamental active power that is injected back into the power system. This paper introduces a mathematical model that describes the mechanisms and necessary conditions of harmonic power recovery within an active damper. The model shows that a substantial amount of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be recovered only if the active damper's power losses are significantly smaller than the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula> absorbed. Consequently, this paper presents the implementation of an ultra-low losses 82 kVA active damper based on SiC MOSFETs which recovers around 80% of the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula> absorbed. Moreover, a comparative experimental evaluation was carried out between the proposed active damper and an IGBT-based active damper. The comparison shows that the amount of harmonic power recovered can be increased by a factor of four using the SiC-based active damper.


First, we calculate the total field for an outgoing or an incoming TM cylindrical incident wave illuminating a cylindrical periodic structure of metallic wires. Then, we give analytical formulas to extract the characteristics (reflection and transmission) of the cylindrical periodic structure. To finish, we extend the study to infinite radius periodic structure by given an approximation of the dispersion diagram.


The paper describes two clinical cases of progressive focal pulmonary tuberculosis in 11- and 12-year-old children. Chemotherapy regimen III was used because of the absence of bacterial excretion and the mild involvement of lung tissue. Following 4-month therapy, a focal decay appeared in the left lung (C1-2) of the former patient. The female patient was operated on. M. tuberculosis DNA was identified by PCR in her intraoperative specimen; isoniazid and rifampicin resistance was determined. Occult multidrug resistance was a reason for ineffective treatment with first-line drugs. After 6-month chemotherapy, the size of a focus in the right left (C1-2) doubled and a new focal shadow emerged in the lung of the latter patient. The progression was related to the untimely obtained information on a broad drug resistance in the infection pathogen and to the chemotherapy performed by ignoring these data. Chemotherapy correction in view of the data of a drug susceptibility test could provide a positive result in both cases.


This article wants to establish the blob and with it other amorphous structures not only as a symptom for life in networked times, but also as a way of thinking with blobs in queering ontological, biological and disciplinary spheres. In their emergent state, they are quasi-objects in nucleo and ontological beings in the process of unfolding, of spreading and coming into existence. In its amorphous form the blob questions scientific, philosophical as well as aesthetic categories and shall therefore be explored from these different perspectives.
In a comparative analysis of art works as well as texts from different scientific disciplines such as biology and anthropology, amorph objects reveal their world-building and connecting abilities across species and spheres. They can be understood as natural media of linking and cultivation.
Drawing from queer theory the abject culture of these phenomena asks for a reevaluation of these attributions and towards an appropriation of the dangerous qualities ascribed to slime and fungi.


Fish stupefying plants and their methods of use by the Gond people of Mendha village of the Gadchiroli district in Maharashtra state have been documented. For the purpose of validation, literature survey revels that many fish stupefying plants being used since long time by local people are recently well tested by many workers and are found to have many important medicinal properties. It was also observed that herbal fish stupefying agents are excellent means of fishing, which do not kill whole fish stock like chemicals.


Hydrodynamic computations using a three dimensional time-domain Green function are extremely complex and time-consuming due to the convolution integrals.Based on convolution theorem,the convolutions of time-domain Green function and velocity potential was replaced by the product of their Fourier transformations.Using the Fourier transform relationship between time-domain Green function and frequency-domain Green function,a recursive algorithm for convolution was proposed.This provides an efficient way to perform it in a finite-depth or a long-time simulation since the computational cost keeps constant at any time.Finally computed wave forces and motion responses of a hemisphere and a Wigley hull are compared with published results.


Rural development is closely related to the improvement of living conditions in rural areas regarding housing environment, infrastructure, communications, employment possibilities, land management etc. In this context the division of land into property units as well as the ownership conditions of real properties have a great influence on rural development from various point of views – society, business and environment. In the county of Dalarna there is a unique fragmentation of real properties/parcels combined with very complex ownership conditions in large areas which causes essential disadvantages in agriculture, forestry and for the development of good living conditions in rural areas. The situation is a result of private subdivision of real properties during generations and inheritance pattern among the farmers. Land Consolidation is the main tool used to achieve land concentration and simple ownership conditions in areas with cadastral problems. Since 1930 the Cadastral Authority has implemented Land Consolidation covering 400,000 hectares, but there is still an additional urgent need of Land Consolidation for at least 400,000 hectares. In the County of Dalarna the authorities have established a partnership with the associations of farmers, forest owners and sawmills in order to prepare programmes for land reform activities. The possible measures are: − Voluntary or gradual measures − Radical land consolidation including compulsory measures. The choice of consolidation scheme depends on various factors. In areas with moderate fragmentation of properties voluntary procedures are recommended. Radical Land Consolidation, however, is required for major areas which are badly fragmented and where there is an urgent need of Land Consolidation. Normally 300 – 700 participants are involved in such projects. According to the Real Property Formation Act and present policies a Land Consolidation procedure has to be initiated by the owners of real properties. Therefore information and communication activities are essential. For the success of a project it is important to increase the awareness of the efficiency and the benefits of a better land consolidation among the land owners as well as among the public in general. Property owners in fragmented areas must be convinced that it is beneficial to them to sign the applications of the proposed Land Consolidation procedure. For both participants and authorities the following issues are important: − Cost and financing − Public opinion among the participants − Influence by the participants on the procedure − Location of the new consolidated properties − Implementation time of the procedure.


In 2002 and 2003, red sea bream Pagrus major were artificially reared using natural sea plankton. Total number of juveniles that survived in the two years was only 26 specimens. All of these had the normal nostrils. In 2008, larvae given only natural sea plankton were soon died. So, about 2,000 specimens initially given rotifers, until an average 5.0 mm in total length, were transferred to the natural sea plankton tank. A total of 160 specimens (6.7~21.0 mm TL) survived and some showed IIand III stage deformities of the inter-nostril epidermis. Thirty six percentage of 10 ~ 14 mm TL specimens had abnormal inter-nostril epidermis. These results suggest that larvae fed natural sea plankton from first-feeding stage had normal nostrils, however, when initially fed rotifers(until about 5 mm TL)and subsequently natural sea plankton, some specimens developed abnormal nostrils.


FIELD: biotechnology, molecular biology, biochemistry, medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention describes native proteins, ways for activation of complement modified by so manner that protein is able to form C3-convertase that is resistant to down-regulation. Preferably, the modified protein represents the modified human C3 protein. Also, invention describes both DNA sequences encoding such proteins and DNA constructions. Invention describes also conjugates comprising such proteins and binding specifically fragment, for example, antibody, and application of such proteins and/or conjugates in therapy also. Invention can be used for humans in vivo for activation of complement and to obtain a preparation that has no immunogenic properties for humans in it using. EFFECT: valuable biological and medicinal properties of protein. 35 cl, 15 dwg, 3 tbl, 17 ex


One of the most important challenges in fuel cell/battery/ultracapacitor energy storage is to design an excellent power distribution. Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)/ battery/ ultracapacitor power system is regarded as mainly alternative option of power solutions in transport applications because of its zero emission and energy saving comparing to internal combustion engine (ICE). In this work, PEMFC/battery/ultracapacitor is applied to SAMAND (Iran National Car) as hybrid energy storage system. This paper addresses the design of an effective energy management strategy that its optimization problem is formulated to optimize the fuel consumption, battery life and energy saving in order to save most of regenerative braking energy in repetitive braking. In this energy management strategy, various drive cycle datasets are implemented in order to achieve the best performance of vehicle in saving regenerative braking energy regarded to the effective energy management.


Second order ferroelectric phase transition for a thin film with arbitrary boundary conditions is considered within the framework of the Landau theory. General phase-plane portraits for the relevant Euler-Lagrange equation are constructed and different types of trajectories are analyzed. Full set of order parameter profiles is found. The method of reconstructing the admissible order parameter profiles for particular film thickness and extrapolation lengths is discussed.


A three-dimensional (3D) scene is built up, and a camera array is used to simulate a micro-lens array to pick up the 3D scene in 3DS MAX software. Based on the principle of two step pickup method in computer generated integral imaging, the mathematical model of the secondary pickup is proposed, and the secondary integral image is synthesized using the proposed mathematical model. A vivid 3D scene is reconstructed using computational and optical methods.


Ultra-thin-body silicon-on-insulator (UTB-SOI) is one of the most promising candidates for future CMOS technologies with minimum feature sizes below 50 nm. In this paper we analyse the impact of different parameters such as doping profile, gate work function and local interconnects on the inverter delay. For that purpose we have simulated fully-depleted (FD) SOI-MOSFETs with thin undoped silicon bodies using a coupled device and circuit simulation.


In this paper we propose system architecture for providing direction and dissemination in military environments. We start with a description of the problem of direction and dissemination. We then present our high level architecture and describe the functions of the main system components on which we focus. This includes the types of information and means by which they may be delivered, the filtering and fusion engines employed to focus and limit the information sent to each personnel, and the schedulers used to determine the order of delivery. We consider a structure that includes sending information directly to personnel, or depending on bandwidth and delay constraints, sending meta-information to personnel to assist in self-retrieval of information from a peer-to-peer network of sensors and other personnel. We illustrate the operation of the architecture using a specific military scenario.


Current Paralympic guidelines for track events are generally based on level of amputation, not side of amputation. Since 200- and 400-m sprint races are performed in a counter clockwise direction, the effects of amputations side on sprint race performance in athletes with unilateral lower limb amputation should be investigated. Forty-five unilateral transtibial amputees participating in elite-level 200- and 400-m races were analysed from publicly available Internet broadcasts. For each athlete, official race time, and amputation side were determined. We found no significant difference in official race time between left and right side amputees during the 200- and 400-m sprint, indicating that sprint performance on a standard track in amputee athletes is not affected by amputation side.


Nuclear weapons remain the most powerfulforce ever invented by humankind. They canbe constructed with either highly enricheduranium (over 20% 235U) or plutonium. Most modern nuclear weapons rely on acombination of fission and fusion, using theinitial nuclear release from a core of uraniumor plutonium to ignite a secondary fusion oflighter elements. The first nuclear weaponsdeveloped by the US had explosive yieldsequivalent to 10–20kt of TNT, while most oftoday's deployed weapons range from 100–500kt in yield. In all, there are approximately27600 nuclear weapons in existence.


ABSTRACT This article describes a research course that was a collaborative endeavor between a school of social work and a community organization. This project was guided by learning, service and scholarship goals. Specifically, the participants in this course provided a pro-bono evaluation for a community benefits district. The benefits district solicited assistance from the authors, with the caveat that district members not be involved in the data collection and analysis. The authors situate this project on a continuum of traditional versus participatory research, and propose a "mixed" model for collaborative university-community efforts. The authors suggest ways of engaging students in "real world" research that benefits the community and facilitates their own training as macro social work practitioners. Factors that facilitate and hinder such a project are also discussed.


In our paper we would like to introduce the organizational principles and main representation features of a knowledge base of ancient literary texts based on a three-dimensional virtual library model adopting the structure of the classification system of the ancient Library of Alexandria. Currently we are using the English translations of the selected ancient Greek texts as starting points to the knowledge base, but we intend to complete the provided content with other texts and multimedia materials. In our paper we focus on the content management and organization issues of the knowledge base. With respect to them it is crucially important to formulate our primary goals or mission, that is, why we think our collection of ancient materials could be especially useful and unique for its users. Because the average user needs a considerable amount of dictionaries and background knowledge to fully understand and interpret the ancient literary texts, the selected material should be carefully preprocessed and well organized. Our aim is to provide the necessary knowledge for each text available in the knowledge base in order that the texts could be `read at once' and without (much) effort. Therefore we introduce the cognitive framework that the preprocessing of literary texts and the representation features of our virtual library model are based on. Finally, we demonstrate our ideas by a carefully chosen example which illustrates the possible representations of two parallel translations of an ancient poem by Sappho.


In this Paper, we investigate the group decision making problems in which all the information provided by the decision-makers is presented as interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrices where each of the elements is characterized by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy number (IVIFN), and the information about attribute weights is partially known. We use the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid geometric (IIFHG) operator and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (IIFOWG) operator to aggregate all individual interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrices provided by the decision-makers into the collective interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix, and then we use the score function to calculate the score of each attribute value and construct the score matrix of the collective intervalvalued intuitionistic fuzzy decision matrix. From the score matrix and the given attribute weight information, we establish an optimization model.


Today's globalized economy is intricately interconnected and is heavily dependent on maritime trade in order to sustain the movement of energy, raw materials, and finished goods. The arteries of global trade include the narrow waterways of Southeast Asia, with about a third of the world's trade and half its oil transiting through the Straits of Malacca and Singapore alone. As China and India continue their strong growth, sea trade through the straits is expected to increase correspondingly. Major economies such as the United States, China, Japan, and India all have stakes in ensuring the safe passage of shipping through the region. The littoral states of Southeast Asia may be the most concerned of all; any interruption in shipping would heavily impact their economies by disrupting port operations and the smooth flow of raw materials and finished products. Armed robbery at sea is a persistent problem in the area, and maritime hijackings and kidnappings continue to occur. There are fears that the straits could become a target for terrorism and a haven for illegal trafficking of people and weapons. Many states are interested in the strengthening of maritime security in Southeast Asia in order to protect their trade and prevent illegal activity. While the littoral states have recently overcome historical mistrust sufficiently to engage in basic maritime cooperation, the efforts of extraregional players to introduce security frameworks from without have been met with ambivalence or outright rejection. For example, the Regional Maritime Security Initiative (RMSI), proposed by the United States, was strongly Major Huang is a surface warfare officer by training and is currently the commanding officer of the patrol vessel RSS Resilience. He is a Singapore Armed Forces Overseas Scholar and holds a bachelor of science with honors from the California Institute of Technology. He is a June 2007 graduate of the ten-month course of the U.S. Naval War College's Naval Staff College, where the course paper upon which this article is based won first prize in the Zimmerman-Gray Naval Staff College International Prize competition.


Test specimen configuration was provided by Parker Chomerics. The EMI gasket used in this project was Cho-Seal 6503E. Black oxide alloy steel socket head bolts were used to hold the plates together. Non-conductive spacers were used to control the amount of compression on the gaskets. The following test fixture specifications were provided by Parker Chomerics. The CHOTP09 test plate sets selected for this project consist of two aluminum plates manufactured to the specifications detailed in CHOTP09. The first plate, referred to as the test frame, is illustrated in Figure 1. The test frame is designed with a cutout in the center and two alternating bolt patterns. One pattern is used to bolt the test frame to the corresponding test cover plate (Figure 2), forming a test plate set. The second pattern accepts the hardware used to mount the fully assembled test plate set to the main adapter plate (Figure 3).


The Health Officer of Calcutta, Dr. J. Neild Cook, has submitted a very interesting and valuable report on the terrible infantile mortality in Calcutta, which is deserving the attention of medical men and the general public in other parts of India also. It is well known to all Civil Surgeons that the infantile mortal it}' in India is far and away in excess of what it should be, and Dr. Cook gives a table which shows this in a very startling manner, viz:?


Developing scales is a critical step in monitoring and evaluating ecotourism to ensure sustainability. Replicating studies to test if scales are enduring in evaluating visitors' assessments of ecotourism is also essential to ensure reliability and credibility, and to track changes. This paper reports on a sample of 404 international visitors in Nepal's Annapurna Conservation Area, undertaken in 2012, to test for scale stability and change from a 2006 survey. The original scale was cross-validated by confirmatory factor analysis, and then mean-level change and rank-order stability of scale items were reported. There was strong support for the original factor model in the new sample; all items were loaded on a single construct; their loadings were statistically significant, the root-mean-square error of approximation was .076, the comparative fit index was .993, and the non-normed fit index was .987. Although a statistically significant decrease in the mean of scale items was found, the items' rank-ordering remained similar. The Spearman's rank-order correlation between factor loadings of 2006 and 2012 was .714 and statistically significant. Cronbach's alpha was .845, comparable to the previous alpha of .910. The ecotourism evaluation scale showed temporal consistency but also detected changes in visitors' attitudes requiring management attention.


In this article we review the key ideas about the Quark-Gluon Plasma. After a brief reminder of its theoretical foundations, we discuss the experimental evidences which lead to the conclusion that the medium created in a collision between heavy ions at very high energies, behaves like a a quasi-ideal fluid in which quarks and gluons interact very strongly. The evidences are the existence of a strong collective flow, well described by ideal Hydrodynamics, and the suppression of high transverse momentum particles. We also examine the arguments in favor of a semi-classical description of the initial stage of the collision.


3D reconstruction is a long‐standing problem. Recently, a number of studies have emerged that utilize transformers for 3D reconstruction, and these approaches have demonstrated strong performance. However, transformer‐based 3D reconstruction methods tend to establish the transformation relationship between the 2D image and the 3D voxel space directly using transformers or rely solely on the powerful feature extraction capabilities of transformers. They ignore the crucial role played by deep multi‐scale representation of the object in the voxel feature domain, which can provide extensive global shape and local detail information about the object in a multi‐scale manner. In this article, we propose a novel framework TMSDNet (transformer with multi‐scale dense network) for single‐view and multi‐view 3D reconstruction with transformer to solve this problem. Based on our well‐designed combined‐transformer Block, which is canonical encoder–decoder architecture, voxel features with spatial order can be extracted from the input image, which are used to further extract multi‐scale global features in parallel using a multi‐scale residual attention module. Furthermore, a residual dense attention block is introduced for deep local features extraction and adaptive fusion. Finally, the reconstructed objects are produced with the voxel reconstruction block. Experiment results on the benchmarks such as ShapeNet and Pix3D datasets demonstrate that TMSDNet outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art reconstruction methods substantially.


Water is an essential resource of life. The rapid increase in population and pollution causes threat to the pure water. The quality of water is important for healthy life and environment. The present study is to calculate the water quality by using Water Quality Index (WQI) a useful tool to easily determine the water criteria. This helps to assess the water usage for drinking, domestic, irrigation, industry etc. The WQI gives the index as number which helps in water quality management. A number of physio-chemical parameters have been analyzed with standard values using mathematical equation. This is more accessible and creates awareness to common people. In the present study an attempt is made to evaluate the water quality of Thirukalukundram area of Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu through WQI for public usage. The result has been plotted in GIS platform.


Many applications require clustering data using an unsupervised approach. One such clustering algorithm is Dbscan, which is inherently sequential, thus limiting parallelization opportunities. Consequently, several recent works have proposed novel shared- and distributed-memory approaches for scaling Dbscan. We propose BPS-HDbscan, a shared-memory CPU/GPU approach that clusters on the billion-point scale. The major pillars of BPS-HDbscan are as follows: (i) distance calculation avoidance in dense data regions; (ii) efficient merging of subclusters; (iii) obviating limited GPU memory capacity by both batching the result set and partitioning the input dataset; and, (iv) computing data partitions in parallel, which effectively exploits both CPU and GPU resources. BPS-HDbscan is highly efficient, and to our knowledge, is the first shared-memory Dbscan algorithm to cluster on the billion point scale.


The Internet is home to an ever increasing array of products and services available to the general consumer. This trend has given rise to a unique category of internet search where bargain seekers have conjugated towards deal collection databases. This is caused, in part, because traditional internet search engines do not perform well in this domain. Unfortunately, these deal databases are costly to maintain due to the heavy reliance on human participation in order to populate them. This has lead to an interest in the development of this class of internet search. Our research focuses on leveraging machine learning and natural language processing to develop a semi-supervised Web page classifier specific to this problem. We describe the design of our classifier with respect to the machine learning model chosen and the training features selected. We compare our model's effectiveness in classifying deal versus non-deal Web pages against other popular machine learning models such as decision tree, support vector machines, and neural net. Our results show that our proposed model performed the best given the features that were extracted for model training and testing.


In the cascaded inverter, the second-harmonic current (SHC) in the input of inverter penetrates into the front-end dc-dc converter, leading to a poor performance. In this paper, the pre-regulator+LLC converter, which shows superior performance in the applications with wide input voltage range, is employed as the front-end stage. Firstly, the boost converter is taken as the pre-regulator and the model of boost+LLC converter is proposed. Based on that, three approaches for SHC reduction are proposed from a point of output impedance, which are: 1) Reducing the filter capacitor of boost converter; 2) Introducing a notch filter in cascade with voltage regulator, 3) Adding a virtual impedance in series with the output rectifier of LLC resonant converter. Finally, a 6-kVA cascaded inverter is tested and experimental results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed methods.


Acoustic anisotropic metamaterials are known for its potential of applications to various acoustic devices, such as hyperlens and waveguides. Anisotropic metamaterial typically has a periodic structure constituted of unit cells, and exhibits highly anisotropic wave propagation based on local resonance induced by its periodic medium. In previous works, design methods for anisotropic metamaterials which shows unusual wave propagation properties have been proposed, though since metamaterials comprised of only a single type of unit cell were in interest, the macroscopic wave propagation properties that could be obtained were limited. Therefore, in the present work, we propose a design method for acoustic structures which are composed of several unit cells, in order to realize waveguides that navigate acoustic waves and achieve complex wave propagation overall. First, we introduce the high‐frequency homogenization method, which is capable of evaluating the macroscopic property of periodic structures based on local resonance. We construct a multiscale optimal design method by formulating the macro‐scale optimization problem for obtaining the properties required for different unit cells in order to realize the waveguide, along with the micro‐scale optimization problem for designing each unit cell based on topology optimization. Numerical examples are introduced to demonstrate the validity of our proposed method.


The use of Instant Messaging (IM) applications on the mobile phones of the youth has become inextricably attached to their everyday lives. Students on university campuses cannot leave their mobile phones behind for a minute because of the importance they attach to the use of IM applications. This paper investigated how the use of abbreviations in IM affects the writing of Standard English language of learners of English as a second language. A sample of 150 students in their 3 rd and 4 th years at Kenyatta University was used. The study also interviewed a lecturer on the problem. While students indicated that the IM usage does not do any harm to their formal English writing, a faculty member disagreed. It was recommended that awareness should be created through seminars and lectures to bring the issue to the fore for students. This would help students to be cautious of the use of IM. Article visualizations:


Background : To better understand why and how a consumer forms a particular meaning toward a particular property of a product, it is important to look into consumers" internal mental processes involved in perception, cognition, and encoding of product attributes and consumption experiences. This essay discusses how the design and functional properties of a new product would be evaluated, understood, and linked with the existing mental framework to form the meanings of a product. Methods : The meaning building mechanism is a complicated process as it involves multiple layers of interactions between consumer perception, cognition, and actions related to product consumption. To obtain a better picture of consumer's meaning forming processes, therefore, this essay integrates literature from not only design but also from the fields of psychology, sociology, ecology and even biology. Result : The sensory input obtained from viewing an object can lead to a drastically and qualitatively different consumer experience due to the observer"s complex expectations, schema, preference for novelty and surprise, and affective responses. Also, the unique nature of product experience dynamically impacts how a product is viewed in comparison to competitors, even facilitating forgiveness of flaws, as well as increased and enduring customer patronage. Conclusions : While designers deal with and often focus on constructing physical and functional properties of a product, it is critical for designers to understand how these properties would be perceived and evaluated by consumers.


At present research physics and dynamics of fuel particles according to a particle free body diagram in combustion chamber crossing the flame zones have been studied. Gravity forces, drag force from gas and thermopherotic force are these forces on a fuel particle. By existing of these forces on a particle, acceleration will be inducted to a particle in flame zones. By solving the differential equation of dynamic equation for a particle with continues boundary condition in velocity curve of the fuel dusts versus the distance from the flame, it has been estimated across the flame propagation. Considering the mass continues law in combustion chamber, concentration profile of fuel dusts has been derived across the flame zones. Theoretical estimation of velocity and concentration profiles in this study has been compared to an experimental study on velocity and concentration profiles of iron particles (diameters are distributed from m  1 to m  5 and concentration is 3 / 05 . 1 m kg ) across the upward flame propagation through the particles cloud in (Iron-Air) suspensions.


Among complex network models, the hierarchical network model is the one most close to such real networks as world trade web, metabolic network, WWW, actor network, and so on. It has not only the property of power-law degree distribution, but also the scaling clustering coefficient property which Barabási-Albert (BA) model does not have. BA model is a model of network growth based on growth and preferential attachment, showing the scale-free degree distribution property. In this paper, we study the evolution of cooperation on a hierarchical network model, adopting the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and snowdrift game (SG) as metaphors of the interplay between connected nodes. BA model provides a unifying framework for the emergence of cooperation. But interestingly, we found that on hierarchical model, there is no sign of cooperation for PD game, while the frequency of cooperation decreases as the common benefit decreases for SG. By comparing the scaling clustering coefficient properties of the hierarchical network model with that of BA model, we found that the former amplifies the effect of hubs. Considering different performances of PD game and SG on complex network, we also found that common benefit leads to cooperation in the evolution. Thus our study may shed light on the emergence of cooperation in both natural and social environments.


Some numerical results are presented as an example to show how, for certain boundary conditions, the voltage—current characteristic in low‐pressure large‐spaced gas diodes may give the appearance of saturating at a value of output current which is less than the saturated electron current from the emitter. The crucial parameter introduced which is mainly responsible for the phenomenon is f, defined as the probability that a returning ion reflects again as an ion after colliding with the emitter.


Recent advances in microelectronics have made possible advanced modulation formats, electronic compensation and high-gain FEC. These advances have allowed the commercial introduction of higher bit rate transponders and have also increased the tolerance to channel effects such as filtering and noise. As a result, the requirements on photonic elements and the possible architectures have evolved dramatically.


Conventional computer security research usually focuses on the protection of a computer platform. The usual goal is to design systems such that agents (users or programs) will only be able to perform certain actions that are deemed "legitimate" by the system administrators. For example, fair usage on a file server can be enforced by the server owner by employing, say, quota systems. However, such a simplistic approach is not applicable to peer-to-peer (p2p) systems. First, nodes in p2p systems are distributed in nature, making it hard to enforce any policy. Second, there is usually no centralized authority to own and oversee everything. Third, nodes in open p2p systems can have arbitrary, unpredictable behaviors. These problems are in fact quite similar to the field of mechanism design , or sometimes known as inverse game theory, in the economics literature. In this model, agents are assumed to act rationally. In other words, it is entirely possible that agents would act selfishly to benefit themselves at others' expense. The goal of the system designer is thus to design astrategyproofmechanism, where agents, acting selfishly, would still maximize the overall utility. As such, economic incentives have to be designed directly into the system so that it would be in the best interest of the agents to follow the rules. Under such mechanisms, the system would be predictable and stable, as all (selfish) agents would follow the rules, and no agent could increase their utility by unidirectionally changing their strategy. Other than to be strategyproof, we also list some important assumptions for designing a mechanism for an open resource sharing p2p system:


The Malay-Islamic values are the foundations of the Malay community's culture. It is the result of interaction between the foundation of budi-Islam values, the Malay social system, and Peninsula's landscape. With the status of the Malays as the indigenous ethnic that forms the majority of Malaya's community, it was natural that the Malay's values were chosen to form the backbone of Malaysia's nation-building. However, as a multi-ethnic society, the diverse cultural traditions did cause dissatisfaction with other communities, especially the Chinese. Hence, to gauge the reaction of the non-Malay communities on the recognition of Malay-Islamic values as the core value for nation-building, this study will focus on the implementation of the National Cultural Policy. To fulfill the objectives of the research, the textual analysis method was applied. The findings show that, even though the Malay-Islamic values were implemented in the National Cultural Policy, it resulted in negative reactions from the non-Malay communities.


Summary Eleven steroid compounds have been studied as to their influence on sodium excretion in adrenalectomized rats. Desoxycorticosterone caused significant retention at one microgram, and the acetate was effective at 25 micrograms, the lowest concentration studied. Δ4-pregnenol-21-trione-3,12,20-21-acetate gave a significant retention at 1340 micrograms. 17-Hydroxycorticosterone caused a significant excretion of sodium. The following steroids were found to be negative: 11-dehydrocorticosterone acetate (100 μg), pregnanetrione-3,11,20 (200 μg), corticosterone (400 μg), allopregnanepentol-3 (β), 11(β), 17(α), 20, 21-3(β), 20, 21-tri-acetate (800 μg), allopregiianetriol-3(β), 17 (α), 21-one-20 (800 μg), testosterone (2000 μg), estradiol (2000 μg), and pregnanetrione-3,12,20 (2000 μg).


Artilysins represent a novel, promising class of antibacterials, exploiting the lytic power of bacteriophageencoded endolysins. These enzymes are produced by bacteriophages at the end of their lytic replication cycle. Once the endolysins have passed through the cytoplasmic membrane, they degrade the peptidoglycan layer rapidly, causing osmotic lysis of the infected cell and liberation of the progeny. Purified endolysins have successfully been exploited to kill Gram-positive pathogens. However, Gram-negative bacteria are not susceptible due to the presence of a protective outer membrane. Artilysins tackle this barrier. Selected polycationic or amphipathic peptides that locally destabilize the LPS layer of the outer membrane have been covalently fused to endolysins. These peptides promote the transfer of the fused endolysin to the peptidoglycan layer through the outer membrane. Time-lapse microscopy has shown that cells are killed within seconds due to active peptidoglycan degradation and subsequent cell lysis. LoGT-008, a first-generation Artilysin combining a polycationic nonapeptide and the PVP-SE1gp146 endolysin, kills P. aeruginosa in vitro with a 4 to 5 log reduction within 30 minutes and rescues infected nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) to the same extent as ciprofloxacin. Infected human keratinocytes were treated with LoGT-008, resulting in a full protection of the keratinocytes against an otherwise cytotoxic dose (10 5 CFU/ml) , associated with a corresponding reduction in bacterial load [1]. A second generation Artilysin, Art-175, comprises the 29 amino acid SMAP-29 peptide and the KZ144 endolysin, and kills P. aeruginosa in a rapid and highly efficient way. Art-175 is refractory to resistance development during serial passaging to subinhibitory doses, while resistance mechanisms against 21 therapeutically used antibiotics do not give cross-resistance. Art-175 has a superior killing effect against persisters (> 4 log reduction), presumably because Artilysins do not require an active bacterial metabolism to exert their bactericidal effect [2]. In summary, Artilysins have a completely novel mode-of-action, are highly bactericidal within a few minutes, irrespective the presence of drug resistance mechanisms, show a low probability of resistance development, and have unprecedented bactericidal activity against persisters.


Magnetic resonance (MR) images can display the bone and cartilage tissue of the knee joint and play an important role in the early classification and diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Deep learning has great advantages in feature extraction and has been widely used for classification and detection. Therefore, in this work, the transfer learning-based model is proposed to discriminate the presence or absence of knee OA. The pre-trained model InceptionResNetV2 is used to extract deep features of knee OA from MR images belonging to the OAI-ZIB dataset. The two different optimization algorithms (SGD and RMSprop) are used for training and testing the knee MR image dataset. The performance of the transfer learning model is evaluated using the accuracy, sensitivity, precision, specificity, F1-Score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) evaluation metrics. From the experimental results, the proposed transfer learning-based model using the RMSprop optimizer gets better classification results in the patient-level and image-level dataset partitioning methods, achieving 88.5% and 96.1% accuracy, 92.7% and 97.7% sensitivity, 86% and 94.4% precision, 86.6% and 94.6% specificity, 88.3% and 96% F1-Score, 77.2% and 92.2% MCC. The proposed method outperforms the comparison algorithms, indicating that it is effective in classifying knee OA from MR images.


This document describes the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO{sub 2}) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations taken during the R/V Knorr Indian Ocean cruises (Sections I8SI9S, I9N, I8NI5E, I3, I5WI4, I7N, I1, I10, and I2) in 1994-1996. The measurements were conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The expedition began in Fremantle, Australia, on December 1, 1994, and ended in Mombasa, Kenya, on January 22, 1996. During the nine cruises, 12 WOCE sections were occupied. Total carbon dioxide was extracted from water samples and measured using single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzers (SOMMAs) coupled to coulometers. The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was {+-} 1.20 {micro}mol/kg. The second carbonate system parameter, TALK, was determined by potentiometric titration. The precision of the measurements determined from 962 analyses of certified reference material was {+-} 4.2 {micro}mol/kg (REFERENCE). This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the U. S. Department of Energy, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. The R/V Knorr Indian Ocean data set is available as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). The NDP consists of 18 oceanographic data files, twomore » FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine files, a readme file, and this printed documentation, which describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data. Instructions for accessing the data are provided.« less


The Diccionario diferencial del español de Aragón (DDEAR) is characterised by its relational nature. This repertoire of regionalisms tries to reflect the existing relationship between both the formal variations and synonyms by means of a two-way referral system. The aim of this article is to explain how the lexical relations that have a semantical identity, which are established among the inventoried entries, are reflected and materialise both in the macro and microstructure of the DDEAR. For that purpose the concepts of variants and of synonym are defined, the type of definition used is explained and the nature of the different lexicographic entries that are included in the dictionary are revealed.


Whether for a check-up with a pediatrician or an overnight surgery stay, going to the hospital can be a frightening and confusing experience for children of all ages. A difficult thing for many children to understand is why something has to hurt or make them feel badly in order to make them feel better. Not talking with the child at all about going, or telling them too much can make the situation more difficult.


The article is a review of the scientific literature, which presents options terminology Tuvan calendar ritual dagylga and types of this ritual. It is concluded that the ritual remains poorly understood and needs additional research.


Objective To evaluate the dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT features and the formative mechanisms of proximal arterioportal shunt (APS) associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to assess the CT diagnostic ability and clinical value for proximal APS by comparing with digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods One hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC received both dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT scan and DSA of the liver, and the time lapse between these two examinations was from 3 to 15 days. Of the 168 patients, 37 were massive tumors, 102 were nodular, and 29 were diffuse, respectively. Spiral CT signs and its diagnostic ability for proximal APS were analyzed and compared with the golden standard of DSA. Peripheral hepatic segmental or subsegmental small APS were excluded in our study. Results Of the 168 patients with HCC, 42 (25.0%) were demonstrated to have proximal APS on DSA, and all the of 42 patients had positive CT findings related to proximal APS in arterial phase. Of the 6 patients proved to have false positive CT signs, 2 showed lower enhancement of portal vein (PV) than that of the aorta. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive value of spiral CT in diagnosing proximal APS were 100.0%, 95.2%, 96.4%, 87.5%, and 100.0%, respectively. There was a good correlation on the extent of APS to main PV, left or right PV, superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and coronary vein between CT and DSA in 35 patients (83.3%). The extent of APS to main PV and left or right PV was well correlated between CT and DSA in 38 patients (90.5%). The direct CT signs of proximal APS in arterial phase were revealed as early and strong enhancement of main PV and/or left or right PV approaching the density of the aorta (n=38). The indirect CT signs of proximal APS in arterial phase were demonstrated as high attenuation of normal hepatic parenchyma in the lobar distribution ipsilateral to the tumor (n=4). Conclusion The dynamic enhanced multi-slice spiral CT can be used as an important tool for the diagnosis of proximal APS associated with HCC, and its diagnostic accuracy could be comparable to that of DSA. The transvascular route is the main formative mechanism of proximal APS in HCC. CT diagnosis of proximal APS is of important clinical significance in the treatment of HCC.


The study assessed the effect of both HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on antioxidant markers in patients with HIV infection being managed with HAART. Fifty (50) HIV positive HAART naïve (12 male and 38 females), fifty (50) HIV positive on HAART for 1 to 6 months (18 male and 32 females), fifty (50) HIV positive on HAART for 7 to 12 months (14 males and 36 females) and fifty (50) HIV negative (28 males and 22 females) were enrolled into the study. Oxidative stress markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase, Vitamin A, C and E were measured using different standard methods. Significantly (p<0.05) low levels of reduced glutathione in nontreated group were observed compared to the control. The three HIV positive groups have significantly higher MDA and lower Catalase activity when compared to control. Vitamins A, C and E show a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all the HIV positive patients when compared with control. HIV infection increases oxidative stress, which decreases at the commencement of therapy (HAART). Antioxidants supplementations should be considered for incorporation in the management of HIV/AIDS patients.


Is the theory of money that underlies most modern macroeconomics well-grounded? What determines the value of a currency, and how is the state's power over its currency related to its ability to stabilize prices and employment? Charles Goodhart's classic paper 'The Two Concepts of Money: Implications for the Analysis of Optimal Currency Areas' which first raised these questions is reprinted here, and the distinguished authors expand its line of argument and comment on its central themes. The issues discussed are of fundamental importance in contemporary monetary theory and policy. The State, the Market and the Euro presents two sharply contrasting theories of money – Chartalist and Metallist – and the resulting equally sharply contrasting approaches to macroeconomic policy.


Zinc potassium chromate (4Zn·O4CrO3·K2O·3H2O) was prepared using zinc salt solution, sodium hydroxide and potassium dichromate solutions. The pigment synthesised was investigated by various methods. Upon heating, this pigment underwent decomposition to form ZnCr2O4, K2CrO4 and ZnO. The pigment obtained was successfully used in the preparation of glaze and then on a tile. The L*, a* and b* values of the fired glaze were 71.607, 2.695 and 67.327, respectively.


Editor's note: This is the first article in our newly revamped "Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Making" department. For more information about our new format and its rationale, please see the editorial on p. 69 of this issue.

Diabetes has been associated with pregnancy-related complications.1,2 Rates of spontaneous abortion and perinatal mortality and the incidence of congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes remain significantly higher than that of the background population. It is well accepted that achieving a level of glycemic control comparable to the nondiabetic population can decrease the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The American Diabetes Association (ADA)1 and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists2 both recommend preconception counseling (PC) for all women with diabetes who have child-bearing potential.

The ADA1 recommends that PC include the risks of congenital malformations associated with poor metabolic control and the use of effective contraception unless the woman is in good metabolic control. The goal for glycemic management is to obtain the lowest possible hemoglobin A1c (A1C) level without undue risk of hypoglycemia, preferably an A1C that is < 1% above the normal range. It is also recommended that providers identify and treat complications of diabetes, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and neuropathy, before conception.3

The majority of women with diabetes, however, do not obtain PC and continue to have unplanned pregnancies. The majority of studies (Table 1)4,5,7–19 report that up to 62% of women with type 1 diabetes received PC, whereas < 36% of women with type 2 diabetes received PC. In studies by Gunton et al.,4,5the rate of women with type 1 diabetes having received PC improved significantly over time (from 18.9 to 62.5%), but a …


The article continues the series of publications devoted to the problem of conceptualization of reproductive culture within the framework of modern gender studies. The work is based on the principle of fragmentation and typologization of masculine and feminine reproductive cultural strategies. Within the framework of the publication, author analyses the main conceptual scientific points that actualize significant issues of masculine and feminine reproductive experience. The importance of the study of reproductive culture for the humanities in general and for gender studies is emphasized. The expediency of the reproductive vector within the framework of modern genderology is justified explicitly and implicitly by the inherent hierarchical categorization in relation to a particular masculine or feminine reproductive scenario from the point of view of public consciousness. The prospects of traditional and innovative masculine and feminine reproductive strategies within the framework of a gender approach to the reproductive culture of modern Russian society are analyzed.


Objective To explore the reference values of peak expiratory flow (PEF) for 4.0-14.0 years old children in Chengdu.Methods From November 2011 to May 2012,a total of 446 healthy children were enrolled in this study.PEF was measured using expiratory peak velocimeter and lung function meter.Children's age,sex,height and weight were recorded.Impact factors for PEF were investigated by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The PEF detected by expiratory peak velocimeter and lung function meter had a good correlation (r =0.920,P < 0.01).Boys own higher peak expiratory flow rate than girls.The level of PEF had the best correlation with height,next was weight and age.The level of PEF increased with the increase of height,age.Some children PEF value was less than 80% lower limits of lower limits of normal.The PEF could be obtained from height and age.Conclusions Males and females PEF can be calculated according to children's height.Set up the PEF equation about the expiratory peak velocimeter and lung function meter.

Key words:
Child;  Reference values;  Peak expiratory flow


Purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Restoration of tooth decay is important not only because of aesthetic and functional concern, but also because there may be positive psychological impact for the patient. This case report demonstrates full mouth rehabilitation of a 26 year old female patient with multiple decayed teeth using the Hobo and Takayama twin-stage procedure for restoration of esthetics and function. The patient was rehabilitated with porcelain fused to metal restorations using the twin stage procedure where in posterior restorations were fabricated following which the anterior guidance was set by fabrication of the anterior restorations. Cast partial dentures were fabricated for missing posterior teeth. Discussion: Full mouth rehabilitation of severely decayed teeth is a challenge in terms of establishing aesthetics and function to the patient. Hobo and Takayama in their article have clearly described the means of restoring anterior guidance and predictable posterior disclusion in harmony with the condylar


Most state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of the process of travel decision-making follow Woodworth's (1929) neo-behaviouristic S–R or S-O-R (stimulus-organism-response) approach Mehrabian and Russell (1974). Within this model, they hereby focus on the S-R relationship, investigating specific decisions by means of describing or explaining an outcome as the result of an input of a number of stimuli. This paper expands this body of literature: we bring forward a conceptual microscopic model focusing on the organism ('O') domain of decision-making. For that, we induct a holistic concept by deducting insights from existing theories.


A virtual thick-lens module comprising three air-spaced thin lenses is proposed, which is able to have the identical first-order quantities and third-order Seidel aberrations for just real thick lenses, or groups or components within any thick lens, hence it is capable of studying the aberration behaviours of conceptual lenses without detailed structures. The three thin-lens powers are first evaluated to match the required first-order quantities. Then the aberrations of each thin lens are solved to satisfy the given total aberrations. When the incident rays are changed, each thin lens will induce new aberrations according to the thin-lens formulae. The new system aberrations of the thick module are obtained by adding individual thin-lens aberrations. The module can be directly applied to finite and infinite conjugates, focal and afocal lenses, as well as telecentric and non-telecentric lenses. Examples are given to simulate two real lenses and to optimise the balanced aberrations of a conceptual zoom lens.


The topic discusses the problems of double taxation and incorrect taxes, both in the general theoretical aspect and in the specific reality of Georgia. The negative role of double taxation and irregular taxes and their specificity in socio-economic development, both internationally and nationally, are shown. The merits of the incorrect and non-existent legislation of Georgia in the emergence of these problems are also presented analytically.
Moreover, there are specifically discussed: transport parking fee; Authorization of higher education institutions, non-refund of taxes in case of non-accreditation; Education Center service fee; Public Registry Service Fee; Non-refund of unregistered land tax; The activities of the organizations that operate with the funding of the state budget.
Furthermore, they are shown to play a role in generating double taxation and incorrect tax rates. It is well known that when the population pays for services, state organizations had to operate on the basis of an economic or commercial account, otherwise double taxation and erroneous taxes remain in force, which worsens the socio-economic situation of the state.
Keywords: Double taxation, incorrect tax, taxable, parking, authorization, accreditation.


After 142 years, Plutellapolaris Zeller, 1880 was rediscovered at Svalbard, Norway, in 2015. The locality and its vegetation are described. The specimen is the first female ever recorded, and its genitalia are illustrated. The taxonomic position of P.polaris relative to other Plutella Schrank, 1802 species in the Northern hemisphere is discussed.


This paper analyzes the impact of China's processing trade on economic growth, employment expansion and industrial upgrading before the financial crisis. The empirical research shows that processing trade promotes the economic growth in domestic country, and makes a multiplier effect on employment; however, it does not act as a leader role in the process of industrial upgrading which is predicted in traditional theory. This paper considers the main deviation causes are problems from trade policy and legal system, and proposes corresponding countermeasures.


This study develops and tests a theoretical model to evaluate the motivational factors behind perceived ease of use in prior e-commerce experiences. This hierarchical model includes need for arousal as the independent variable; general self-efficacy, technological innovativeness, and consumer self-determination as the mediating variables; and perceived ease of use in prior e-commerce experiences as the dependent variable. Tested by data generated from a survey of 290 consumers, the model yields satisfactory fit and contributes to the literature by adding more intrinsically motivational variables to predict perceived ease of use. Practical and academic implications are also discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


While impedance control is one of the most commonly used strategies for robot interaction control, variable impedance control is a more recent preoccupation. If designing impedance control with varying parameters allows increasing the system flexibility and dexterity, it is still a challenging issue, as it may result in a loss of passivity of the control system. This has an important impact on the stability and therefore on the safety of the interaction. In this paper, we propose methods to design passivity filters that guarantee passivity of the interaction. They aim at either checking whether a desired impedance profile is passive, or modifying it if required.


While in supervised learning, the validation error is an unbiased estimator of the generalization (test) error and complexity-based generalization bounds are abundant, no such bounds exist for learning a mapping in an unsupervised way. As a result, when training GANs and specifically when using GANs for learning to map between domains in a completely unsupervised way, one is forced to select the hyperparameters and the stopping epoch by subjectively examining multiple options. We propose a novel bound for predicting the success of unsupervised cross domain mapping methods, which is motivated by the recently proposed simplicity hypothesis. The bound can be applied both in expectation, for comparing hyperparameters, or per sample, in order to predict the success of a specific cross-domain translation. The utility of the bound is demonstrated in an extensive set of experiments employing multiple recent algorithms.


The tissues comprising the cortical haustoria and sinkers in the endophytic system of Phoradendron flavescens were studied in plants parasitizing the walnut, Juglans Hindsii. Cortical haustoria-longitudinally oriented strands in the host bark-have a central cylinder containing xylem and phloem inclosed by a parenchymatous cortex. The xylem consists of tracheary elements and parenchyma cells. The phloem consists of sieve-tube members, companion cells, and parenchyma cells. Cortical haustoria having secondary growth contain, in addition, fibers in their secondary xylem. Sinkers-radially oriented extensions into the host wood-occur at intervals along a cortical haustorium. Each normal sinker consists of three distinct parts: (1) a parenchymatous part imbedded in the host phloem; (2) a meristem corresponding in position to the host cambium; (3) a part imbedded in host wood and composed of two kinds of cells, parenchyma cells and tracheary elements, both more or less isodiametric. Additionally, many sinkers have a centrally located, radially oriented strand of vascular tissue. The xylem of this strand extends from the cortical haustorium to near the end of the sinker. The phloem, which contains sieve elements, accompanies the xylem for a short distance; it does not extend to the meristematic region. The tracheary elements of the radially oriented strand are connected with the tracheary elements of the sinker part, which is imbedded in the host wood. The parasite elements that occur at the periphery of the sinker are in contact with tracheary elements of the host, and pits and perforations may occur between them. Thus a continuous conduit exists, connecting tracheary elements in the host with those in the cortical haustorium of the parasite. During growth at their meristems some sinkers become progressively smaller (narrower or lower or both). Such sinkers may be displaced from the cambial cylinder; thus their part within the host wood becomes separated from the continuous endophytic system. Inclusion of isolated sinker parts within the host wood and certain other phenomena suggest competition between parasite and host for space in the cambial cylinder. In the part of a sinker imbedded within the host wood, thick accumulations commonly occur in parenchyma cells on walls that are in contact with tracheary elements of the host or the parasite.


To deal with the disadvantages of Group Search Optimizer (GSO) as slow convergence, easy entrapment in local optima and failure to use history information, a Self-adaptive Group Search Optimizer with Elitist strategy (SEGSO) is proposed in this paper. To maintain the group diversity, SEGSO employs a self-adaptive role assignment strategy, which determines whether a member is a scrounger or a ranger based on ConK consecutive iterations of the producer. On the other hand, scroungers are updated with elitist strategy based on simulated annealing by using history information to improve convergence and guarantee SEGSO to remain global search. Experimental results demonstrate that SEGSO outperform particle swarm optimizer and original GSO in convergence rate and escaping from local optima.


– Technological issues of latent graphic information disclosure through the use of images ' contrast enhancement are considered assuming the later visual analysis. M ethods and tools to control the color saturation contrast are re vised f rom the information point of view. When the a nalytical representation of control system is pointed to, – the description of color saturation conversion is detailed. When the g raphic representation of control system is pointed to, – the description of method to control color saturation contrast is done. When the t echnological representation of control system is pointed to, – the description of algorithm to control color saturation contrast is revealed . While testing the established virtual-optic contrast-enhancing instrumentation, two concepts of contrast transform brake and accumulation of pixels (whose saturation conversion finishe s with the beginning of brake action) are entered into consideration. The role of brake and accumulation in the image contrast formation is shown – edge effects are discussed. For various initial images program operation is illustrated within two more color saturation control modes - reversed and mixed ones. Both are complementary to <Saturation> instrument, used in modern software. The case is illustrated, when contrast- enhanc ement ratio becomes negative. On the example of only one total contrast component – color saturation contrast – the concept is investigated and two typical contrast analysis tasks are defined. Acquisition of the required graphic information is demonstrated at the solution of each task. As a result, the creation of new information technology is being announced. It differs from the existing one by extra efficiency – we mean expansion of initial images nomenclature – caused by <Saturation> supplement with two new informative processing modes. It differs also by elimination of the possibility to acquire artifacts caused by errors arising from brightness shift and from hue non-uniformity of saturation contrast transform, any way inherent in all the modern software. Certain recommendations concerning image s ' contrast analysis application in the sphere of expert activities are outlin ed.


In this paper, we consider two error estimators for one-body contact problems. The first error estimator is defined in terms of H(div)-conforming stress approximations and equilibrated fluxes while the second is a standard edge-based residual error estimator without any modification with respect to the contact. We show reliability and efficiency for both estimators. More- over, the error is bounded by the first estimator with a constant one plus a higher order data oscillation term plus a term arising from the contact that is shown numerically to be of higher order. The second estimator is used in a control-based AFEM refinement strategy, and the decay of the error in the energy is shown. Several numerical tests demonstrate the performance of both estimators.


Objective To study the application of intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography in the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Methods Ten patients harboring 10 intracra-nial aneurysms were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients routinely underwent indocyanine green videoangiography during the clipping of aneurysms. According to the result of fluorescent angiography, the clip was adjusted if necessary.Postoperatively, CTA was performed to confirm the complete aneurysm obliteration.Results During the operations,aneuryismal neck remnant was found in two cases, parent arteries stenosis was found in one case.According to the operative findings,the clips were replaced until satisfactory blood flow was restored.Complete clipping and parent bypass vessels were comfirmed by CTA exams. Conclusion Microscope-integrated ICG angiography is a useful tool in aneurysm surgery, which may provides real-time information during aneurysm surgery, and help the operator real-time inspection surgical operation effect. It will play an important role in improving the clinical outcomes of intracranial aneurysm. Thus it can effectively improve the prognosis of patients.

Key words:
Aneurysm;  Indocyanine green;  Intraoperative angiography; Surgical microscope


ABSTRACT. Sigström, L. (Department of Paediatrics I, University of Goteborg, östra Sjukhuset, Göteborg, Sweden). The role of active sodium and potassium transport in hyponatremia states in infancy and childhood. Acta Psediatr Scand, 70:353, 1981.–Erythrocytes from 14 infants and children with serum sodium concentrations of 125 mmol/1 or less were analyzed for total and Na+, K+‐ATPase, sodium and potassium content and ATP concentrations to evaluate the role of active Na+‐K+ transport in hyponatremia. In six out of nine patients, with a duration of hyponatremia of more than 48 hours low Na+, K ‐ATPase activities and high erythrocyte sodium concentrations and Na+‐K+ ratios were found indicating that a decreased Na+, K+‐ATPase activity leading to an increased intracellular accumulation of sodium ions may have reduced the extracellular sodium concentration. Three subjects with large sodium losses had high Na+, K+‐ATPase activities and normal erythrocyte sodium concentrations. In five cases of hyponatremia with a duration of less than 24 hours the variables indicating active Na+‐K+ transport were normal. The therapeutic implications with sodium substitution and the use of drugs affecting active Na+‐K+ transport are discussed.


Battery management system,which direct detects and manages the process of electric vehicles,battery operation,was an important part of electric vehicle.A vehicle battery management system based on ultracapacitor was designed.The monitoring and management of the ultracapacitor was realized through measuring the voltage,temperature,current and the battery state of charge(SOC).It was such good practical value in battery management for the ultracapacitor which was the power source for electric vehicle.


Weibull distribution is an extraordinary important distribution in reliability engineering. In this paper, a new estimation method for the three parameters of Weibull distribution that hasn't iteration process was introduced based on the first order grey linear differential equation of Grey model, the shape parameter was obtained first, then the location parameter and the characteristic parameter are estimated by using the method of least square regression. The digital simulation has shown that the present approach is simpler and the estimating accuracy is better when the shape parameter is greater than 1. Thus, the practicability of the method has been proved.


For the service assurance operation of telecommunications carriers, accurate information about a network topology that indicates the connection relationships between pieces of network equipment is necessary. However, the network of a telecommunications carrier has several hundreds of thousands of pieces of equipment. Furthermore, its topology is frequently supplemented and modified due to daily construction work and troubleshooting. As a result, this causes incorrect topology information to be mixed into the overall topology information. In this paper, we propose a method that can discover the topology between equipment by using alarm information issued by those equipment during construction work or when a failure occurs. The proposed method was evaluated using alarm information generated on a commercial network. The experimental results show that the proposed method discovers topology with higher accuracy than classical topology discovery approaches.


Abstract : An integrated procedure is presented for applying the variational equation of motion to the approximate analysis of nonlinear vibrations of homogeneous and layered plates and shells involving large deflections. The procedure consists of a sequence of variational approximations. The first of these involves an approximation in the thickness direction and yields a system of equations of motion and boundary conditions for the plate or shell. Subsequent variational approximations with respect to the remaining space coordinates and time, wherever needed, lead to a solution to the nonlinear vibration problem. The procedure is illustrated by a study of the nonlinear free vibrations of homogeneous and sandwich cylindrical shells, and it appears to be applicable to still many other homogeneous and composite elastic systems.


The intrinsic sensitivity of cadmium zinc telluride (Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te) semiconductor detectors has been experimentally measured, within the X-ray diagnostic energy range. The results of this study indicate that the intrinsic efficiency of Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te can be increased by optimizing geometrical and physical detection parameters such as X-ray irradiation geometry, detector thickness, and applied electric field. These results indicate that Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te is a suitable candidate for digital imaging applications.


Classification and Evaluation of Soils in Legal Reserves: Riacho Pacare and Riacho das Pratas, Rio Tinto, Paraiba, Northeast of Brazil. The soil, as well the natural resources vegetation are extremely importance for the development of life on earth. The objective of the research was to analyze the morphological, physical and chemical characteristics and classify the soils of Legal Reserves: Riacho Pacare and Riacho das Pratas, located in the municipality of Rio Tinto, PB. The methodological directions guided into: georreferencias data, morphological description, physical and chemical analysis and soil classification. The conclusion is that The studied soils have high percentages of sand, in most profiles, only in some profiles the clay content is above 300 g / kg. Acid soils are made up of strong presence of organic matter, low P concentrations of less than 3.0 mg/dm3 values. According to the results of the soil profiles of RL Riacho Pacare were classified as: Latossolo Amarelo Distrofico tipico-LA; Argissolo Bruno Acinzentado-PBAC; Plintossolo Argiluvico Distrofico arenico-FTd; Neossolo Fluvico Distrofico Tipico-RU and Argissolo Bruno Acinzentado-PBAC; RL Riacho das Pratas: Planossolo Haplico Eutrofico arenico-Sxe; Neossolo Fluvico Psamitico espodico-RYq e Latossolo Bruno Distrofico rubrico-LBd. Soils that lack of nutrients present, however, part of the plant biomass returns to the soil solution after the decomposition process and provides the recycling of nutrients.


Abstract The research for this paper is based in a majority-Muslim neighbourhood in South Delhi, Zakir Nagar. As with most urban localities, the borders around Zakir Nagar are permeable—with residents frequently moving in and out of the neighbourhood and coming into contact with members of other religious groups. Many of the residents of Zakir Nagar have also lived in religiously mixed areas previously. Furthermore, although the neighbourhood is itself identified as 'Muslim', it is by no means homogeneous, so that multiple social boundaries operate even within this locality. This paper looks more closely at the issue of religious identity as it was narrated in relation to various and shifting 'others'. These 'others'—referred to in the context of friendship, neighbours and marriage as well as in terms of discrimination, riots and 'communalism'—were often identified as 'Hindus' or as 'non-Muslims', but were also often referred to members of different class, status or regional groups. Hence, boundaries around 'us' and 'them' shifted according to context and were contingent upon various factors alongside religious identity. Through the narratives of Zakir Nagar residents, religious identity emerged as itself a problematic category whose meaning and salience was continuously shifting.


Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)is a transmembrane protein molecule with multi-functions. It has reactivity of protein tyrosine kinase. Combined with protein substrates, it can start several signaling transduction pathways, and there are also cross-talks between different pathways so that cellular physiologically functions could be completed. The research of EGFR not only helps to interpret some important life process such as cellular growth and development but also has extensive applications in medicine and industry.


3. They not only operate within groups of similar characteristics, but cut across and connect the tough strands in the fabric of community life, permit joint action, and encourage enthusiasm for things of mutual interest. 4. As patterns of informality become crystallized into custom, they exert a tremendous influence on both group and individual behavior. 5. Patterns of informality tend to weaken or strengthen formal community life and thereby to determine the real character of a community.


The present invention discloses a superhard polycrystalline structure, comprising a polycrystalline superhard material body, the polycrystalline body of superhard material exhibits intergranular binding and defining a large number of ultra-hard particles in the gap region between the plurality of particles forming a superhard particles having a mean free path of associated and non-cemented with a plurality of at least partially filling the gap region and having associated mean free path. Associated with the non-cemented with the mean free path for the non-divided by superhard phase (Q3? Q1) is greater than or equal to 0.83, where Q1 is the first quartile and Q3 is the third and fourth quantile; median and the mean free path of superhard particles related to the divided superhard particles is less than 0.47 (Q3 Q1?).


The present invention provides a multi-element polycrystal having a non-uniform microscopic distribution of the elements by a melt is cooled at a controlled cooling rate, including a plurality of elements. The present invention further provides a polycrystal for use in a solar cell, which is capable of absorbing sunlight efficiently at a low cost, a solar cell using the polycrystal and a method for the formation of the polycrystal, and the solar cell.


Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Devices(EMCCD) are new high-sensitivity image sensors.In recent years,EMCCD cameras are used in the field of low-light detection more widely.To use the new EMCCD in a low light camera,a low light imaging system with strong detection ability,fast data updating ability and an integrative fiber optical interface is designed.The design method of the EMCCD camera is studied mainly.The operation principle of the EMCCD is explained.The design scheme of the EMCCD low light camera based on a TC253SPD-B0 chip is presented.The performance of the integrative low light camera is verified in both an imaging experiment and a signal-to-noise ratio measurement experiment.The results show that the camera not only can implement the data transmission in a distance of more than 20 km and the frame frequency of 30 f/s,but also can implement detection under the condition of low light.It has a higher signal-to-noise ratio.


Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine sea buckthorn (SBT) in the treatment of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Method: 94 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups: 48 cases of patients received oral sea buckthorn 1.5 g (3 times a day) for three months as the treated group, and 46 cases received only the vehicle for three months as the control group. Serum lipids, transaminase and serum liver fibrosis indices were assessed at baseline and after SBT treatment. All patients underwent liver CT and Fibroscan examination at baseline and after treatment. Results: SBT treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), LDL-C, hyaluronic acid and collagen type IV. The liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of the treated patients was significantly lower than that in the control or baseline. The CT liver/spleen ratio of the treated patients was also significantly increased. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of SBT on serum lipids, transaminase, and liver/spleen ratio and liver stiffness in patients with NAFLD, which may be further developed as a promising therapy for the treatment of NAFLD.


Four types of distribution of /sup 90/Y in radiation hypophysectomy as well as advantages and disadvantages of the individual types of radiator application were discussed. From experiences and possibilities the implantation of about five /sup 90/Y-seeds with a total activity of 6 to 8 mC was considered to be the best. Under these conditions a complete destruction of the hypophysis may be achieved and a good success of the operation may be expected. (auth)


If a screening checklist [for child abuse] had 82% sensitivity for abusers and 88% specificity for controls (better than most studies) and abuse requiring protection occurred at a rate of 40 per 10,000 then 33 abusers would be identified and seven missed but 1195 false alarms would be raised. No wonder the subject hits the headlines.


This study of Leontius of Neapolis fleshes out a broad picture of the religious, intellectual and social environment in which the "Life of Symeon the Fool" was created and opens a window onto the Christian religious imagination at the end of late antiquity. The book explores the concept of holy folly by relating Symeon's life to the gospels, to earlier hagiography and to anecdotes about Diogenes the Cynic.


The Policy. Planning, and Research Complex distributes PPR Working Papers to dissc.:inate tFe findings of work in progress and to encourage the exchange of ideas among Bank staff and all others interested in development issucs. These papers carry the names of the authors, reflect only their views, and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the authors'own. They should not be attributed to the World Bank, its Board ofDirectors, its managemcent, orany ofits membercountries. P ub lic D is cl os ur e A ut ho riz ed


Is it possible for historical materialism to have a specific normative basis that allows the scientific aspects of Marx's theory to be compatible with his political philosophy and ethics? No consensus has so far been reached on this question. The debate between the normative Marx and the non -normative Marx starts with an acknowledgement of a dichotomy between facts and value. In order to resolve this dichotomy, many studies tend to place value rather than facts at the heart of their arguments – they attempt to demonstrate that Marx explored issues of justice, equality, and liberty at the normative level. However, by drawing on John R. Searle's answer to the Humean question of 'is' and 'ought', we can adopt a different approach to the study that puts facts, rather than values, at the heart of the argument. Under this approach, Marx's analysis of the facts of estrangement, surplus-value, and the like, does not consist of factual statements that exclude value and the scientific theories that result from them. Rather, it consists of the statement of institutional facts that contain values. In Marx's case, a fact-sensitive normative theory is fully possible.


We investigate the critical endpoint of finite temperature phase transition of $N_f=3$ QCD at zero chemical potential. We employ the renormalization-group improved Iwasaki gauge action and non-perturbatively $O(a)$-improved Wilson-clover fermion action. The critical endpoint is determined by using the intersection point of kurtosis for the temporal size $N_t$=4, 6, 8. Spatial sizes of $N_l$=6-16 ($N_t$=4), 10-24 ($N_t$=6), and 12-24 ($N_t$=8) are employed. We find that $N_t$=4 is out of the scaling region. Using results for $N_t$=6 and 8, and making linear extrapolations in $1/N_t^2$, we obtain $\sqrt{t_0}T_{\rm E}=0.0975(14)(8)$, $\sqrt{t_0}m_{\rm PS,E}=0.2254(52)(105)$ and $m_{\rm PS,E}/T_{\rm E}=2.311(63)(13)$, where the first error is statistical error, the second error is systematic error, and $m_{\rm PS}$ is the pseudo scalar meson mass. If one uses $1/\sqrt{t_0}=1.347(30)$ GeV reported by Borsanyi et al., one finds $T_{\rm E}=131(2)(1)(3)$ MeV, $m_{\rm PS,E}=304(7)(14)(7)$ MeV and $m_{\rm PS,E}/m_{\rm PS,E}^{\rm phys, sym}=0.739(17)(34)(17)$, where the third error comes from error of $\sqrt{t_0}$ and $m_{\rm PS}^{\rm phys, sym}=\sqrt{(m_\pi^2+2m_K^2)/3}$. Our current estimation of $\sqrt{t_0}m_{\rm PS,E}$ in the continuum limit is about 25% smaller than the SU(3) symmetric point.


Novel risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including infectious agents such as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori, inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and hemostatic markers, are being uncovered at a rapid pace. A high homocysteine level is one of the


Abstract BACKGROUND Brain tumours are clinically and biologically highly diverse and account for 25% of paediatric neoplasms. They carry the highest mortality and morbidity of tumour groups. Their management presents significant challenges with performing modern diagnostic assessments, applying multimodal treatment and establishing interdisciplinary cooperation. Outcomes across Europe differ significantly with varying 5year survival reports of 42–79%. This SIOP-Europe PaedCan survey assessed the structures and facilities for individual states and highlight areas for cooperation and support. DESIGN: An online questionnaire was sent to SIOP-Europe Brain Tumour Group members. This had 55 questions assessing pathology, staging, surgery, radiotherapy and paediatric oncology infrastructure. For analysis of the data we divided countries into lower and higher economic status according to GDP (World Bank 2019) with a cut off of $30,100. RESULTS There were 388 respondents from 44 countries in 181 different institutions. In the lower GDP group we noted decreased access to biological characterisation of tumours and interdisciplinary tumour boards. In this group of nations, patients were less likely to have treatment by a paediatric specialist neurosurgeon, paediatric neuro-oncologist, neuroradiologist, and paediatric radiation oncologist. There was also less availability to perform early MRI (ventilated) and less access to proton beam therapy. This study supports the aim of the ERN to produce a roadmap document with specific standards and publish guidelines for all relevant diagnostic and therapeutic components of care. The ERN also aims to identify a network of institutions to provide patient advice and training to equalise treatment and outcomes for all children across Europe.


The utility model relates to a warp-knitted composite geotextile with great longitudinal strength, which consists of binder yarn, warp, weft and geotextile, wherein, the warp, the weft and the geotextile are composited together by the binder yarn; the warp is made from glass fiber and has a linear density of 4,000-4,800 tex and a warp density of 5-6 yarns/mesh; the weft is made from glass fiber and has a linear density of 1,500-1,700tex and a warp density of 1-3 yarns/mesh; and the linear density of the bunker yard is 200-230 dtex. In the embankment engineering that muck foundation is paved, the warp-knitted composite geotextile can be laid on the spiled muck foundation as the reinforcement layer to improve the bearing capacity and stability of the muck foundation, and the embankment engineering can be completed with sandbags directly laid on the reinforcement layer for reinforced slope.


In article social and economic and cultural preconditions under the influence of which there was a development of a library science of the Tambov province from 1917 to 1928 are considered. Conditions of formation of cultural institutions during the Soviet period are presented.


The infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of YBa3B9O18 were recorded and interpreted on the basis of the D3h local symmetry of the six membered planar B3O6 rings present in its structure. For comparative purposes also the IR spectra of NdBa3B9O18, GdBa3B9O18 and YbBa3B9O18 were recorded and analyzed.


Channel state information (CSI), which is crucial for resource allocation and system performance in time division duplex (TDD) massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, is difficult to predict because of the channel's time‐varying nature. To overcome this limitation, a scheme for channel prediction combined with deep learning (DL) is proposed. The system uses a deep neural network (DNN) to interpolate channel estimates from a few received pilot signals and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to train through the current time and the recent historical channel estimates to predict the CSI while the channel is constantly varying. In the end, a mixed neural network of RNN and DNN, is called MRDNN. In addition, the proposed DL‐based method does not rely on the relevant feature information about the channel, such as internal characteristics and parameters of the channel itself or channel statistical information, which improves its effectiveness in practical applications. The results of the simulation show that the MRDNN‐based method is better than the existing methods, like traditional AR method and NL Kalman method, and also can be effective in improving the quality of channel prediction and the performance of the system under the dynamic change scenario of low mobility.


This paper presents the state‐of‐the‐art of recent investigations on the friction and wear behavior of some solid interfaces in a magnetic field or electric current environment. The tribometers used for study of electromagnetic effect on friction and wear are introduced. The experimental results of the variation of coefficient of friction and wear rate for magnetic and nonmagnetic materials and materials with varying electrical conductivities are summarized. It is found that both magnetic field and electric current have significant influence on the friction and wear of these materials. The magnetic and electrical properties of sliding couples control the friction and wear in response to applied magnetic field and electric current, respectively. Relevant mechanisms and observations are also reported in the paper.