Breastfeeding can prove challenging for new mothers and, unfortunately, many women are not well informed about the difficulties they may experience, which means that they may not be adequately prepared to deal with them. In addition, the portrayal of breastfeeding as highly beneficial
 and a beautiful experience can make new mothers feel pressured and lead to frustration and disappointment if things don't go smoothly. Dr Mayumi Hamada, Department of Maternity Nursing, The Jikei University School of Nursing, Japan, is passionate about supporting women as they make their transition
 into motherhood. In 2018, it was reported that suicide is the most common cause of maternal death in Japan, and a key focus for Hamada is on breastfeeding and the struggles women may have with it as a factor in suicide risk. In her current work she is building on a previous analysis that looked
 at how breastfeeding is talked about with mothers who generally followed the normal breastfeeding period. This previous research highlighted a need for healthcare professionals to address breastfeeding uncertainties and develop support. Therefore, Hamada will work with women to elucidate the
 challenges and feelings they experience from birth to weaning and the researchers will use their findings to work with midwives to improve the information and support women receive before giving birth.


The problem of extracting information from large collections of imagery is a challenge with few good solutions. Computers typically cannot interpret imagery as effectively as humans can, and manual analysis tools are slow. The research reported here explores the feasibility of speeding up manual image analysis by tapping into split second perceptual judgments using electroencephalograph sensors. Experimental results show that a combination of neurophysiological signals and overt physical responses--detected while a user views imagery in high speed bursts of approximately 10 images per second--provide a basis for detecting targets within large image sets. Results show an approximately six-fold, statistically significant, reduction in the time required to detect targets at high accuracy levels compared to conventional broad-area image analysis.


From the Publisher:
How companies such as L. L. Bean and Sun Microsystems are using online auctions to help boost their bottom lines From liquidating excess inventory to B2B materials procurement,corporate America has discovered online auctions as a catalyst for redefining old supply-chain relationships and business practices. Most analysts consider them the next big business opportunity.
The Auction App details the tools and tactics employed by Sun Microsystems,Coca-Cola,and companies of any size and virtually every industry for creating,conducting,managing,and executing online auctions. Greater numbers of businesses will be able to discover the numerous profitable advantages of utilizing online auctions. The Auction App shows them how to: Liquidate excess inventory Acquire new customers cost-effectively Conduct real-time market research Provide new avenues of cooperation between sellers and suppliers


In this paper, a new method of measuring Young's modulus in a paper cone is presented. The characteristics of this method are as follows. (1) The distribution of Young's modulus along generatrix of the cone can be measured. (2) The technology of laser modulation is applied in this method. As a consequence, the setup of measurement has no influence on the vibration behavior. This new method has been tested and verified.


The advance in the recent research of Extraction of Lithium Chloride from Brine of salt lakes all over the world was reviewed in detail. The prospect of lithium chloride in the future is put forward by the author according to the characteristics of lithium resource in China.


Not long since there was a flagrant case of cheating discovered in one of our large universities. An examination paper had been stolen from. a printing office and several students had used it to secure superior standing. An attempt was made to arouse public sentiment in the institution; and the student body appointed a committee from its numbers which was to receive reports and try future offenders. While the matter was still under discussion, three professors in different and representative departments asked their students to answer the following questions:


The paper presents and discusses research aiming at the development of a forested landscape management scheduling model that may address the risk of wildfires. A general indicator is built from wildfire occurrence and damage probabilities to assess stand-level resistance to wildfires. This indicator is developed to further address the specificity of each stand configuration (e.g., shape and size) and spatial context (neighboring stands characteristics). The usefulness of the development of such an indicator is tested within a mixed integer programming (MIP) approach to find the location and timing of management options (e.g., fuel treatment, thinning, clearcut) that may maximize the forested landscape expected net revenues. The Leiria National Forest, a Portuguese forest in central Portugal, was used as a case study. Results suggest that the proposed approach may help integrate wildfire risk in forested landscape management planning and assess its impact on the optimal plan. Results further show that prescriptions that include fuel treatments are often chosen over others that do not include them, thus highlighting the importance of wildfire management efforts. Finally, they provide interesting insights about the role of thinnings and fuel treatment in mitigating wildfire risk.


December 2011) Population Status and Environmental Associations of the Rare Striated Darter, Etheostoma striatulum. By Andrew C. Abernathy and Hayden T. Mattingly Conservation Status of the Longhead Darter, Percina macrocephala, in Kinniconick Creek, Kentucky. By David A. Eisenhour, Audrey M. Richter and Joshua M. Shiering First Observation of a Natural Hybrid Between Endangered Roanoke Logperch (Percina rex) and Chainback Darter (Percina navisense). By James H. Roberts Minutes, Business Meeting, 36th Annual Meeting, Southeastern Fishes Council 2010 Treasurer's Report for the Southeastern Fishes Council


In this piece of work we discuss the issue of the health promoting universities. In particular, we analyze the concept of health, health promotion and public health policies in relation to the health promotion politics at the university level.
The theoretical part of this dissertation covers the literature review on the issue which is based on the archives and the official documents of the health organizations and unions over the world. Relevant data have also been drawn from the European Union and the Greek state. In this context an investigation is taken place about the health promotion policies in the universities both at international and national level.
This work revealed the power of health promotion politics and underlined the need for a further and systematic research on the topic in the university sector.


ABSTUACT. The advent of a variety of commercial and national remote-sensing satektes has eliminated a long-standing superpower monopoly on a key source of information about gioba( events. As these systems prohferate, it wil/ become increasihgly dij%ult to maintain secrecy about certain sensi>ive activities. Nations other than the superpowers wiU be able independent/y to ve$j compliance with arms control accords, and to monitor globa/ "hot spots. " These new capabilittks both reflect and contribute to an inevitable d?jiisz& ofpower among nations. Although there wi// be adj'ustment costs, particuhrLy for the superpowers, the enhanced global transparency is /iReiy to promote gLobal stability and thus to benefit humanity as a who/e.


We study $e^{\pm}$ pair plasmas in pair equilibrium, which emit high energy radiation by thermal Comptonization of soft photons. We find that the maximum luminosity to size ratio of the source (i.e. the compactness) depends not only on the hot plasma temperature, but also on the spectral index of the resulting Comptonized spectrum. In the observationally interesting range, sources of same compactness can be hotter if their spectrum is steeper. Instruments observing in the 50--500 keV energy range, such as OSSE on board CGRO, and especially the future SAX satellite, can be more successful in detecting sources moderately steep, the flattest sources being characterized by an high energy cut--off at too low frequencies. For any given pair of values of spectral index and temperature, Comptonization theory alone fixes the $ratio$ of the compactnesses in hard and soft photons. However, if the source is pair dominated, the absolute values of the two compactnesses are fixed. Therefore there is a a one--to--one correspondence between the physical parameters of the source (the compactnesses in soft and hard photons) and the observable quantities (spectral index and temperature). This correspondence can be extremely useful in interpreting the physical behaviour of the sources, especially during variations, and can help discriminating between different models for the high energy emission of compact sources.


The present study proposes a conceptual framework for investigation of how various dimensions of proximity (i.e. geographical, cognitive, organizational) and management interventions influence knowledge transfer and innovation in technology M&A. This research objective is achieved through a qualitative multiple case study, which included three M&A cases involving technology-based companies. Evidence supports the links between various dimensions of proximity and knowledge transfer, and subsequently, between knowledge transfer and innovation. The study also confirms the importance of management interventions, especially in retaining key employees to preserve and transfer knowledge. The study contributes to the literature by illuminating the relationship between various dimensions of proximity and M&A knowledge transfer, which so far has not been well researched and established by prior studies, and by providing a new perspective to view cognitive proximity. In addition, it provides directions for managerial practices to select M&A partners and to manage post-M&A knowledge transfer.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for managing a file of network equipment. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: installing new hardware on a circuit board of the network equipment and determining a compatible relation between various files stored in a circuit board memory of the circuit board and various files required by maintaining the running of the circuit board for installing the new hardware; and updating or not updating the various files stored in the circuit board memory of the circuit board according to the compatible relation. In the embodiment of the invention, the various files stored in the circuit board memory of the circuit board are updated conditionally by installing the new hardware on the circuit board of the network equipment instead of re-issuing an installation packet to the whole network equipment, so that the whole network equipment is not needed to be restarted. Therefore, the hardware upgrading efficiency of the network equipment can be improved and the hardware upgrading cost can be reduced.


With the large number of partially or completely visually impaired persons in society, their integration as productive, educated and capable members of society is hampered heavily by a pervasively high level of braille illiteracy. This problem is further compounded by the fact that braille printers are prohibitively expensive — generally starting from two thousand US dollars, beyond the reach of the common man. Over the period of a year, the authors have tried to develop a Braille printer which attempts to overcome the problems inherent in commercial printers. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to introduce two prototypes — the first with an emphasis of cost-effectiveness, and the second prototype, which is more experimental and aims to eliminate several demerits of Braille printing. The first prototype has been constructed at a cost significantly less than the existing commercial Braille printers.


conative; or, in less technical language, the intellectual from the temperamental and moral aspect of the mind. The detailed discussion of conation he leaves for another volume. But, from his brief references in the present work, it is clear that he considers the mental activities of man to be determined largely by two outstandinggeneral factors : besides the better-known factor of g (or " general intelligence ") underlying intellectual abilities, he recognises a second factor, called w, which has tentatively been termed self-control (though Professor Spearman thinks the name misleading), and which underlies moral and emotional activities and so affects the chief


In this paper, a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based hand detection model that, on a major note, focuses and segments only the hands from any complex background using the Open-CV libraries for real-time computer vision, is proposed. Based on the features extracted from the region of interest, the VGG16 CNN Architecture classifies and predicts the gestures, based on the trained data. The system is trained by using binary images, so that the background is eliminated and classification is done only on the edges. This approach increases the performance of the system with respect to time. The major step involved in the proposed system is Background Elimination, which is carried out using a series of Open-CV methods and functions. Hand Detection Systems find applications in various domains ranging from Sign-Language Detection to Human-Computer Interaction.


In this study, the performance of various Ru/TiO2 catalysts to promote oxidation of aqueous solutions of formic acid, acetic acid, phenol and bisphenol A was investigated in a continuous-flow trickle-bed reactor. Oxidation experiments were carried out at T=328-523 K and total pressures up to 50 bar. Complete oxidation of formic acid was obtained at mild operating conditions (383 K), and no catalyst deactivation occurred that could be attributed to the dissolution of active ingredient material. Liquid-phase oxidation of recalcitrant acetic acid was found to be structure sensitive; the highest catalyst activity was obtained, when Ru phase on the catalyst surface prevailed in zero-valent oxidation state. The employed Ru/TiO2 catalysts enable complete removal of phenol and bisphenol A as well as more than 99 % removal of TOC at temperatures above 483 K; at these conditions, no carbonaceous deposits were accumulated on the catalyst surface. In the presence of a Ru/TiO2 catalyst in the tricklebed reactor, the toxicity to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri of the oxidized materials was greatly reduced compared with that of the starting solutions.


This study explores biocompatible amino‐functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au‐NH2) as nanotherapeutics for the selective eradication of leukemia cells, elucidates the mechanism of cytotoxicity, and it confirms in vivo efficacy of the engineered nanomaterial. Au‐NH2 trigger apoptotic cell death of myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by i) inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, ii) ATP depletion, iii) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and iv) mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. Au‐NH2 act selectively on leukemia cells inasmuch as the viability of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages as well as the colony formation of hematopoietic stem cells remain basically unaffected. The selectivity of Au‐NH2 for AML cells can be attributed to both the preferential accumulation of AuNH2 in AML cells and the strong dependence of those cells on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production. Importantly, Au‐NH2 applied either as monotherapy or as a cytarabine combination regimen possess antileukemic efficacy in the absence of adverse events in mice xenografted with primary human AML in vivo. The engineered material may pave the way for a novel nanotherapeutic treatment of AML.


We implement a Gibbs sampler that draws posterior samples separately for the experimental and control arms. The MCMC sampling scheme includes a total of 10 moves. In particular, we perform moves 1–7 at each iteration, perform moves 8 or 9 with probability 1/24, and perform move 10 with probability 1/4. We provide R code to implement the proposed BAGS design, that takes approximately 18s to simulate a trial with a sample size less than 1500. If the number of simulated trials is set at 1,000, the entire parameter calibration procedure for the motivating OAK trial takes about 5 hours, running in parallel across 200 computational nodes using high-throughput computing software.


Type of funding sources: None.

 The relationship between an acute coronary event and cholesterol levels has been immensely researched, specifically the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) component of cholesterol. According to the Canadian guidelines, LDL cholesterol should be below 1.8 mmol/L if the patient has suffered an acute cardiac event. The European guidelines suggests that LDL target concentration should be below 1.4 mmol/L if the patient has had a previous cardiac event. European guidelines also lowered the LDL recommendations to less than 1 mmol/L if the patient has had 2 previous cardiac event in the previous 2 years.

 Assess the concordance of one Canadian cardiology clinic to the European LDL guidelines in patients with coronary artery disease.

 Patients were randomly selected from a single centre outpatient Cardiology practice between January and June 2021. All patients were selected by 1 researcher. The patients selected must have been diagnosed with coronary artery disease by Angiography and undergone intervention in the form of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The blood cholesterol levels were evaluated before and after intervention.

 101 patients were randomly selected for this study. Data encompassed 83 males and 18 females ages 43 to 88. Before the intervention, 15 patients had an LDL level below 1.4 mmol/L, 29 patients had an LDL level below 1.8 mmol/L. After the intervention, the number of patients with LDL <1.4 mmol/L was 50 and LDL<1.8 was 85. This population was divided by risk factors and the LDL levels were compared before and after intervention. 9 patients were known to be smokers, their LDL levels were on average 2.73 mmol/L before intervention and 1.3 mmol/L after intervention. 31 patients were known diabetic, their LDL levels were on average 2.15 mmol/L before intervention and 1.43 mmol/L after intervention. 69 patients had hypertension, their LDL levels were 2.36 mmol/L before intervention and 1.46 mmol/L after intervention. Of the 30 patient who had a positive family history, the LDL on average was 2.39 mmol/L before intervention and 1.84 mmol/L after intervention. Positive family history was contingent on having an immediate female relative with age <65 or immediate male relative with age <55 having had a cardiac event or coronary intervention.

 The number of individuals on appropriate cholesterol medications after intervention increased thereby reducing the LDL concentration. The data shows that in a sample of the typical Canadian population, 84% of patients were adequately managed after a coronary artery intervention according to the Canadian guidelines. According to the UK guidelines, only 29.5% are being adequately managed. The North American guidelines will likely incorporate the new LDL targets into upcoming revisions and therefore more aggressive risk factor management will be required to meet the new target goals.


The linearity speed curve(trapezoid)accelerating/decelerating(acc/dec) algorithm,the quadratic speed curve(S-shape)acc/dec algorithm,the cubic speed curve acc/dec algorithm and the trigonometric function speed curve acc/dec algorithm were analyzed.The effects of the later three algorithms to the performance of linear motor system were studied.It is proved by Matlab simulation that the S-shape acc/dec algorithm is the most suitable for linear motor motion control system.The validating tests are carried out in a linear motor with "PID + feedforword control".


The scholar will find this work helpful because it brings within the confines of a single volume a well-selected body of historical, juridical, anthropological, statistical, and psychological data concerning divorce. Particularly noteworthy is the historical and juridical material, since it contains a very able summarizationmuch of it from primary sources-of the development of social attitudes and legal


Summary The amino acid glutamate is one of the major neurotoxins in the pathogenesis of neuronal death after ischemia or trauma. Microdialysis studies in both man and animal have shown elevatedextracellularlevelsafterprimarylesions. Monitoringof cerebraltissueoxygenation(p(ti)02)hasbeenusedinrecentyears todetectandpreventepisodesoflowcerebraloxygenation,e.g. aftertraumaorsubarachnoidhemorrhage. Intraoperative monitoring of p(ti)02 combined with micro dialysis in the peritumoraledema has beenchosento study the responses ofglutamate and oxygen levels during resection. In 7/9 patients p(ti)02 was below "critical" lOmmHg. Elevating inspiratoryoxygenconcentration to 100% led to an increase of p(ti)02by2,5-4foldandadecreaseofglutamateandaspartateby 5Q.-80%. A close correlation between p(ti)02and microdialysis glutamate levels was not clearly shown due to frequent intraoperativemanipulations.


This home movie excerpt documents Pam's surprise fortieth birthday party. The event is decorated with memorabilia from Pam's youth including her majorette uniform, photographs, a map of Six Flags, and old newspapers from Cleburne. Footage includes the decorations, party guests, Pam blowing out candles on a birthday cake, a woman singing and playing guitar, and guests laying down on a bed with a teddy bear, and the backyard after the party.


Raman analysis is a noninvasive technique that can be conducted on‐site via a mobile system. However, the presence in variable quantity of different crystalline or amorphous phases (glassy matrix, opacifiers and pigments) in the enamel leads to the partial observation of Raman signatures, signatures often not being characterized in the literature. We study here the phases observed in the white, blue and yellow/green enamels of French and Chinese objects from the 18th century and compare the effectiveness of a solid‐state spectroscopic approach (identification of the parameters determining the vibrational modes in relation to the structures) and the multivariate chemometric approach (PCA and Hierarchical Clustering), carried out on the global or partial spectra, or on the parameters extracted from the first approach. The incorporation of the spectra of neighbouring or similar phases from the literature into the corpus of processed data, in particular those obtained for phases that are not initially structurally characterized, is decisive for the quality of the results. At least four different lead arsenates are identified. The combination of visual observation of the peaks and multivariate analysis shows that the shape, position and area of the band associated with the main As‐O stretching vibration around 820 cm−1 vary according to several criteria related to production techniques specific to certain workshops. The contribution of multivariate analysis based on spectra alone appears to be very limited compared to the examination of spectroscopic parameters.


To identify patterns of airway collapse during preoperative drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) as predictors of surgical failure following multilevel airway surgery for patients with obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).


Illumination factor inducing barren stalk and its stress effects were studied by the method of artificial shade using paired near-isogenic line of vulnerable and invulnerable barren stalk,hybrids prone to barren stalk and normal hybrid and its inbred line as experimental materials.The trial preliminarily verified that maize had phenomena of genetic defect barren stalk.The results showed that weak illumination stress could cause barren stalk to different varieties and varietal difference increased with the increasing of shading intensity.Abnormal spinning of females spike was the major reason to the high ratio of barren stalk and the secondary reason was the lower setting.The most sensitive period to illumination stress was tasseling stage to late spinning stage.Illumination stress intensity of Shennong98A should be below 38%.Shade tolerance of Shennong98B and Chang7-2 were similar,whose stress intensities should be between 38% and 60%.Rates of barren stalk of Dongdan90,Dongdan80 and Zhendan958 had obvious differences under 75% shading.


The impedance characteristic of folded-waveguide (FW) slow-wave structure (SWS) is studied in this paper. The impedance parameters are determined by the high-frequency parameters, especially the digital electromagnetic field data from a high-frequency structure simulator. After the analysis of the gap impedance of different radii and different angles, the formula of interaction impedance is presented. Finally, the coupling impedance is studied and compared with the interaction impedance. The method can be applied to other complex SWSs that lack of effective analytical methods.


Wudu digital fluid data appeared clearly short-term precursory anomalies before Minxian MS5. 2 earthquake in Nov 13, 2003. Deep water temperature appeared high value anomalies before the earthquake. Shallow water temperature changed 1℃.Gas radon data also appeared a trend and short-term anomalies.


Case report Back ground : Sarana ( Boerhavia diffusa) is a commonly consumed leaf in Sri Lanka. We report 2 patients who developed anaphylaxis following ingestion of this plant, which we confirmed with specific allergy tests. Patient 01: A 54 year old male patient developed 2 episodes of anaphylaxis after meals. His first meal had consisted of lentils, sarana, fish and rice. The second meal consisted of cooked sarana, rice, pineapple, eggs and papadam. A skin prick test (SPT) was done according the guidelines set by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. The patient developed a 7mm reaction to the raw extract of Sarana and a 4mm reaction to the cooked extract. He did not react to any other tested food. Patient 02: A 37 year old male reported one episode of acute urticaria and one episode of anaphylaxis. The food common to both meals was Sarana.  Except for Sarana and woodapple, he had consumed all other food subsequently without any problem. The SPT was carried out for all suspected food items. The results of the SPT showed a 4mm reaction to the cooked Sarana extract. Discussion: Allergy to Boerhavia diffusa has not been reported before. Both our patients reported hypersensitivity symptoms only after consumption of Boerhavia diffusa and their skin prick tests showed positivity only to Boerhavia diffusa confirming this plant as the cause of their allergy.


Apparently the best classification for the purpose of corrosion studies, divides waters into three groups, acid, neutral, and alkaline, respectively. The waters in the acid group are definitely acid in nature and might be called acid solutions. Likewise, the alkaline waters are true alkaline solutions. The neutral waters comprise all those not included in the other two groups, and vary from a very weak acid as indicated by a pH value of about 4.5 to a weak base as indicated by a pH value of 10. Therefore, neutral waters are not necessarily technically neutral, but comprise practically all natural waters; the range in hydrogen ion activity being between the pH values of 4.5 and 10. The reason for this classification is found in the nature of the corro-


This paper was part of a large-scale research into the use of resources and activities for English language learning after class time by English-majored students at a university in Vietnam. To explore the range of resources and activities frequently used by the researched students, a survey questionnaire was delivered online to 200 respondents via Google Form. The results revealed that online/computer-based/mobile-based and traditional broadcast materials were the most preferred resources for English language learning outside the classroom, whereas Watch YouTube, Listen to songs, Surf the Internet, and Use social media were the activities with the highest frequency of use. In addition, the self-directed naturalistic language learning activities were prevalent among the subjects, followed by self-instruction ones. By contrast, the studied participants tended to avoid taking part in activities that involved naturalistic language learning.


In everyday practice, the dentist is not seldom faced with the dilemma of assessing teeth troubled by a combination of endodontic, periodontal, and reconstructive problems. As attempts to saving such teeth may carry risks for failure in the mid and long term, a multidisciplinary team approach to a treatment decision is required. Recent advancement of implantology techniques has brought about a useful option to treacherous tooth-saving efforts in that severly compromised teeth, following extraction, may be replaced by implants. Such an opportunity, however, involves the inherent risk for overuse to the detriment of the basic thrust of dental care to conserve the natural dentition when damaged or diseased. By referring to a variety of clinical treatment scenarios, this article discusses the factors that may assist the clinician to weigh maintenance against extraction of teeth with guarded prognosis.


Motivated by the change in mobility patterns, we present a new modeling approach for the vehicle-sharing problem. We aim at assigning vehicles to user-trips so as to maximize savings compared to other modes of transport. We base our formulations on the minimum-cost and the multi-commodity flow problem. These formulations make the problem applicable in daily operations. In the analysis we discuss an optimal composition of a shared fleet, restricted sets of modes of transport, and variations of the objective function.


Peptides have an efficient role in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry and could be used for treatment of different diseases [1]. There are different drugs for the treatment of cancer, but most of them have some drawbacks. The development and designing of new peptides is a highly demand and considerable challenge for the synthetic chemist and biochemists [2]. We wish to report, herein designing and efficient synthesis of a novel proline-rich heptapeptide using solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology. Synthesis of desired heptapeptides was done according to the known SPPS Strategy. Synthesis was carried out using 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin according to the standard Fmoc strategy. Before final deprotection and cleavage from the surface of resin, new linker was formed via the reaction of free amine with anhydrides. Meanwhile, cleavage on the surface of resin was done using reagent K. The purification was done using preparative HPLC. The structure of the synthesized heptapeptide was confirmed using HR-Mass(ESI). Then, the anti-cancer activity of the peptide was studied. According to the high anti-cancer activity of our synthesized peptide, some new peptides which contain lipophilic moiety were designed. The alkyne linker was inserting in the structure of peptides. Meanwhile, new reactions such as ugi 4-MCR, formation of new linkers were done. The desired products were purified and their biological activity were studied. We believe that the existence of lipophilic moieties cause more lipophilicity and their cell permeability. The anti-cancer activity of the synthesized peptides was studied. The details will discuss in the conference.


In this paper, the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow of a viscoelastic Walters' B' fluid over a stretching surface is examined. It is assumed that the fluid impinges on the wall obliquely. Using similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of two non-dimensional ordinary differential equations. These equations are then solved numerically using the shooting method with a finite-difference technique.


Authentication is the process of identifying a user on the basis of the credentials provided. In reality, the user does not necessarily have to be a person; it can be an application that is making a remote call from the intranet or Internet. Different Grid domains provide different security policies and GUISET is not an exception. Authentication ensures that each application or user must be able to identify itself by providing the required credentials. With an exponential increase in the number of users and applications in GUISET infrastructure, the need for authentication becomes inevitable. More so, authentication ensures that resources are accessed only by users with appropriate credentials. Many authentication frameworks exist, but these are not applicable to our GUISET domain. Therefore as reported in this paper, we have developed and implemented a GUISET-driven authentication framework, as a security agent, that identifies a user based on the provision of appropriate credentials (username and password) for service requesters and providers in GUISET environment.


Cerebral small vessel disease is the common clinical, imaging and pathological syndrome that contribute to the onset and progression of cognitive impairment, and it also plays a crucial role on stroke, dementia, brain aging, and neurodegenerative disease. Cerebral small vessel disease can be detected and diagnosed using structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The main imaging features of various cerebral small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, lacunes of presumed vascular origin, white matter hyperintensities, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and global and regional brain atrophy. Other emerging imaging features are detectable at very high field strength MRI include microinfarcts. Cerebral small vessel disease used to be considered clinically silent. However, in the past decades or so, numerous studies have investigated the association between various imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive dysfunction (e.g.vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease). The results have shown that these neuroimaging markers are associated with cognitive dysfunction, and can be used to predict the risk of dementia and the progression of cognitive impairment. This review article seeks to summarize neuroimaging studies that examine the associations between various markers of cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.

Key words:
Cerebral small vessel disease; Cognitive impairment; Alzheimer's disease; Magnetic resonance imaging


Aortic dissection is a very serious condition that must be recognized early and whose treatment is a medical and surgical emergency. Management involves multidisciplinary expertise. In our retrospective study, we report 20 cases of aortic dissection surgically treated at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the University Hospital Avicenne of Rabat between 2004 and 2019, we analyze the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and surgical techniques performed in order to know the advantage very serious condition and hope for a better support. The average age in our study was 55 years with a male predominance, the main risk factor is hypertension, which was present in 14 of our patients. The master of the symptom is chest pain that is a constant sign in all patients and review key diagnostic confirmation is CTA in the absence of TOE emergency. All dissections were type A surgically treated.The surgery was based primarily on the Bentall technique consisting in the replacement of the ascending aorta dissected and aortic valve prosthesis in a synthetic in 13 of cases, while 7 cases underwent a replacement of aorta dissected by a prosthetic tube Dacron extra coronary position. The average duration of CPB and aortic clamping were 160 +/-20 min and 120 +/- 20min respectively with the implementation of a femoral cannulation sometimes associated with cannulationbicarotidienne The intra-hospital mortality rate was 35%, 5 patients died following bleeding; one patient died from biventricular dysfunction and one patient died from renal failure; others showed a favorable trend with simple post-operative within our service.


The courage and insight of a writer or artist refer to his courage to produce,perform and deliver his work of arts as well as his unique perspective. They are outstandingly reflected in his courage to dash out of the norm.The unique innovation usually shows the creator's disposition,traits,interest,ambition and so on.However,there should be a limit to this sort of courage,especially when it comes to the demonstration of sex or human body and to the borrowing of some western techniques of expression.


This project uses PYNQ-Z1 development board based on the Xilinx Zynq family of programmable circuits and the Omnivision OV7670 camera that generates an image at the entrance to the designed system. The aim of the project was to realize the image transfer using Video Direct Memory Access IP. The system hardware was developed using Xilinx Vivado tool for hardware design and main application was created using SDK software development tool. The main application allows the system to work with Video Test Pattern Generator, allows image transfer to memory and storing it on the memory card.


In view of inadequate concern and research on classroom discourse,the author studies different choices of teacher-student talk,and their illocutionary act and perlocutionary act based on pragmatics and related theories.It is found out that the appropriate choice of diction,sentence type,tone,and perspective contributes much to harmonious relationship between teacher and students,effective instruction and education,and healthy development of students.


The first important step in extracting DNA characters is using the output data of MinION devices in the form of electrical current signals. Various cutting-edge base callers use this data to detect the DNA characters based on the input. In this paper, we discuss several shortcomings of prior base callers in the case of time-critical applications, privacy-aware design, and the problem of catastrophic forgetting. Next, we propose the LRDB model, a lightweight open-source model for private developments with a better read-identity (0.35% increase) for the target bacterial samples in the paper. We have limited the extent of training data and benefited from the transfer learning algorithm to make the active usage of the LRDB viable in critical applications. Henceforth, less training time for adapting to new DNA samples (in our case, Bacterial samples) is needed. Furthermore, LRDB can be modified concerning the user constraints as the results show a negligible accuracy loss in case of using fewer parameters. We have also assessed the noise-tolerance property, which offers about a 1.439% decline in accuracy for a 15dB noise injection, and the performance metrics show that the model executes in a medium speed range compared with current cutting-edge models.


Zonation of major ore-forming elements transiting from Cu-Au and Cu-Mo to Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe and Pb-Zn from south to north has been shown in the Gangdese-Nyainqentanglha metallogenic belt,Tibet. However,little attention has been given to the reason of this zonation. This paper presents the Pb isotopic data of typical deposits from the metallogenic belt,based on the metallogenic chronology and tectonic evolution,and discusses the reasons of this zonation from the aspect of the sources of ore-forming materials. This study indicates that there are differences in sources of ore-forming materials from south to north in the metallogenic belt. The Pb isotope composition of Cu-Au deposits in the south belt has mantle Pb isotopic characteristics (average value 207Pb/204Pb=15.490,208Pb/204Pb=38.016),which reflects that the ore-forming materials were derived from the metasomatic mantle wedge during the process of subduction. The Pb isotope composition of Pb-Zn deposits in the north belt is similar to the basement gneiss of the Nyainqentanglha Group (average value 207Pb/204Pb=15.698,208Pb/204Pb=39.158),indicating that the ore-forming materials originated from the basement gneiss (upper crust). The Pb isotopic characteristics of Pb-Zn-Cu-Fe deposits in the north part of the middle belt suggest a mixing-source model in which the ore-forming materials were delivered by the subducted slab and the Nyainqentanglha basement gneiss during the syn-collisional period; while the ore-forming materials of Cu-Mo deposits in the south part of the middle belt came from the newly-formed lower crust which originated from the material exchanges between the under-plated,partially melt,wedged mantle and the lower crust. In the Jiama Cu polymetallic deposit,the Pb isotopes indicate that the ore-forming materials were partly sourced from the newly-formed lower crust and partly from the volcanic rocks of the Yeba Formation. The differences in the sources of ore-forming materials from south to north in the Gangdese-Nyainqentanglha metallogenic are largely related to the "distance effect" of plate subduction. Variations in the sources of ore-forming materials caused the metallogenic zonation of the belt.


Mechanical ventilation is an important life support method.Correct parameter adjustment of mechanical ventilation depends on assessment of Patient's respiratory and the effectiveness of mechanical venfilation.Blood gas monitoring is the most important way to assess the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation.Guidance of blood gas monitoring in parameter adjustment of mechanical venfilation is the key of successful mechanical ventilation.

Key words:
Respirator; Respiratory failure; Blood gas monitoring; Parameter adjustment


The new polyoxometalate double-supporting transition metal complexes, {[Co(phen)2]2C2O4} {H2P O44[Co(phen)2H2O]2}·7H2O (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis, IR, XPS, ESR and elemental analysis. Compound 1 is composed of a highly reduced tetra-capped pseudo-Keggin polyoxoanion supporting two transition metal complexes, a binuclear cobalt complex cation and lattice water. The magnetism and third-order non-linear optical properties of 1 have also been studied.


Studies at 100 MHz of the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by brain membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase show that the N-methyl resonance acquires a doublet character as the hydrolysis proceeds. These results provide a simple explanation for the time-dependent NMR line broadening observed earlier for the interaction of acetylcholine with purified acetylcholinesterase.


This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. In a " consistent " spatial choice reaction task the same spatial relationship obtains between each stimulus and its correct response. In an " inconsistent " task this is not so. While Duncan (1977U) found both easy (spatially corresponding) and difficult (spatially opposite) responses to be slowed in inconsistent tasks, Smith (1977) found this only for the corresponding responses, the reverse holding for opposites. The result of Smith (1977) depends on the use of different numbers of alternative responses in consistent and inconsistent tasks, a situation allowing no useful comparison between the two. The general conclusion is that, in these tasks, response selection is based not on a list of associations between individual stimuli and responses, but on operations or rules each of which will generate a set of stimulus-response pairs.


From its operating 380 MW wind power base, Morocco's wind capacity will reach 800 MW by the end of 2014. In addition, a 1000 MW Integrated Wind Energy initiative from the country's public utility company aims at putting 2 GW of wind capacity online by 2020. With a 7% averaged domestic power demand growth, Morocco's Renewable Energy Law 13-09 which enables wind-electricity to be wheeled directly to industrial end-users will also add wind capacities during this timeframe. To satisfy these needs and supply North Africa's urban centres from the exceptional Atlantic Trade Winds blowing over the Sahara desert coastline, a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line will be needed. Within such context, the Sahara Wind Project's 5GW HVDC line is likely to enable excess intermittent wind power flows to be exchanged with Europe. While ONEE's 1000 MW Integrated Wind Energy Initiative provides an enhanced local wind manufacturing base for this to happen, additional benefits will be drawn from the country's Renewable Energy Law 13-09. Besides its aforementioned export clause, the transfer of Wind-electricity directly to industrial end-users will open new opportunities to match power generation with demand. Mineral-exporting industries represent the main electric loads to supply in the Sahara desert. Originating from the Oceanic trade winds, the transformation of the world's most significant Phosphates reserves becomes a key element of global sustainability. With World Food Security at stake -since 90% of the Phosphates are used as fertilizersthe large-scale, cost-competitive incorporation of wind energy used in energy intensive value-added mineral transformation processes is likely to significantly improve resource efficiencies. With the possibility of transforming Mauritania's major iron-ore deposits into steel derivatives through hydrogen direct reduction processes (using wind-electrolysis), this energy-water-mineral and global food nexus becomes a central issue in the years to come. They represent multi-generational global sustainable development imperatives that will mobilize the region's industries for some time. Initiated within such context through an end-user-driven academic partnership, Africa's first 30 kW wind-hydrogen storage systems are powering two of Morocco and Mauritania's Universities. From this initiative, a variety of applications ranging from access to potable water, to local mineral processing and green mobility can be developed. To that extent, a regional wind resource assessment network deployed with the help of telecom operators in both countries will facilitate the deployment of integrated wind-energy driven industrial applications in support of the Sahara Wind Project.


The conference Les origines du Coran, le Coran des origines, held on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Theodor Noldeke's fi rst edition of the Geschichte des Qorâns, offers a wide spectrum of papers mirroring current researches on the Qur'ān, exploring new avenues like the links with pre-Islamic Arabia, the early written transmission or the context of the revelation.


Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of a tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) is an effective approach for mitigating structural vibration. This paper investigates the performance of TVMD on cable vibration mitigation. Firstly, the dynamic formulation of the cable-TVMD system was established by the finite difference method. Based on the performance evaluation indexes of the modal damping ratio and the dynamic magnification factor, a cable attached with a TVMD was subsequently studied. Furthermore, based on the dynamic magnification factor at the cable midspan, a practical design methodology using contour plots was proposed for the cases where a viscous damper (VD), a viscous inertial mass damper (VMD), and a TVMD are attached to a cable. Finally, the effectiveness of the VD, the VMD, and the TVMD in mitigating cable vibrations was compared. It is shown that the TVMD has superior cable vibration mitigation performance to VD and VMD.


An efficient method has been developed for the microdetermination of cholesterol and some plant sterols such as brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. The method is a greatly simplified analytical procedure in which samples are directly saponified, the unsaponifiable substances extracted, and the sterols estimated by gas liquid chromatography without further processing. The sterol contents from the new method are at least as high, alid generally higher, than those from the official method, indicating superior recovery. The analysis has been found to be simple, sensitive, economical of time and particularly of solvents. It is probably adaptable to a wide variety of food ingredients or products.


Agile process models are aimed to improve the track record of software development projects – but in literature and in daily project work there is a broad debate of the usage of agile project management methods. Despite initial positive results in practice, the conditions, possibilities and effects of agile process models are discussed controversial. In this paper, the adoption of agile project management models has been investigated in terms of an exploratory case study for a business intelligence development project in the ICT industry. In this case study the adoption of SCRUM as agile project management method was analyzed and evaluated. The results and experience gained from the method adoption are discussed. General and SCRUM-specific implementation proposals for the practical application were derived. These recommendations serve as a support in the introduction of agile process models in other similar projects situations.


Background: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) results in hypernasality because air escapes through the nose during speech. VPI is common in children with craniofacial clefting. Surgical interventions designed to limit airflow through the nose during speech include: Furlow palatoplasty, pharyngeal flap, or sphincter pharyngoplasty. However, narrowing the nasopharyngeal airway can cause sleep apnea. Hypothesis: Careful attention to pre-operative speech evaluation data and sleep disorders can maximize speech outcomes while minimizing sleep disordered breathing. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the speech and sleep outcomes of patients with craniofacial clefting who have undergone secondary speech surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review including 484 unique patients who attended craniofacial clinic between January 1, 2016 and May 31, 2018. Of these, 179 underwent polysomnography, and secondary speech surgery occurred in 20. A detailed speech evaluation was performed before and after surgery. Resonance was assessed using the parameters defined by Henningsson et al. (2008), and placed on a non-parametric scale ranging from -1 (hyponasal) to 3 (severely hypernasal). Polysomnography results were used to quantify sleep disordered breathing. A statistical program (SPSS) was used to statistically analyze results, with a paired sample t-test used to compare preand postoperative values. Results: Post-operative hypernasality (-.25±.43) was significantly improved from preoperational (1.90±.7, p<.05). Other speech variables (visible nasal air emission, audible nasal air emission, compensatory articulation error, speech understandability, and speech acceptability) were not significantly impacted by the surgery. Polysomnographic measurements of obstructive apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen saturation nadir, wake time after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency were not significantly impacted by surgery. Conclusion: Secondary speech surgery can significantly improve the hypernasality of patients with VPI. There is no evidence that sleep quality is impacted by the surgery.


No adequate reports from signifi cant patient populations exist on the nature and extent of complications from peripheral laser-assisted angio plasty. To define and enumerate these adverse reactions, data were col lected from 770 procedures per formed on 400 patients in a sixteen- month period. Arteries treated were: 133 iliac (17%), 418 femoral (54%), 121 popliteal (16%), 73 tibial/pero neal (9%), and 25 grafts (3%). Complications, similar to those of standard angioplasty, were identified and classified according to cause: la ser, access method, or the angioplasty procedure with its attendant equip ment (balloons, etc). The types of morbidity observed were: perfora tion/dissection (54 cases, 7%), acute thrombosis (38, 5%), spasm (5, 0.7%), false aneurysm at the punc ture site (15, 2%), embolism (1, 0.1%), and hematoma (115, 15%). Because perforation is the most significant intraoperative complica tion, a standardized system has been devised to bring uniformity to its doc umentation and reporting. The three-part classification is based on the arterial pathology producing the probe's deviation and on the ramifi cations of the aberrancy. In addition to recognition and classification, prudent treatment of an evolving complication can often salvage the procedure. Treatment modalities for the common complica tions and preventive measures to avert them have been identified and incorporated into the treatment pro tocol.


In R (on the application of Privacy International) v Investigatory Powers Tribunal [2019] UKSC 22; [2019] 2 WLR 1219, the claimant sought judicial review of a decision of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT) on the ground that the IPT had committed an error of law. But there was a preliminary stumbling block in the form of s 67(8) of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. By a majority, the Supreme Court held that this provision did not oust the power of judicial review of the IPT's decisions on the ground of error of law. This note makes two points. First, the majority's conclusion was right and the minority's was not. Secondly, the decision of one of the majority judges, Lord Carnwath (with whom Lady Hale and Lord Kerr agreed), made several revolutionary remarks about ouster clauses generally that have attenuated the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.


Actions are fundamental for perception leading to law-like relations, which can be described by the theory of Sensory Motor Contingencies (SMCs) [1]. We propose that actions do not only play a key role for perception, but also in developing more complex cognitive capabilities, e.g. definition of object concepts and action plans. Once SMCs have been learned their mastery readily can lead to goal-oriented behavior. We want to exploit the concept of SMCs to learn object affordances [2] and use them for grasping in a real-world robot system. The robot will learn which features of an object are relevant for grasping and choose its motor actions accordingly. For this purpose, we suggest a novel architecture, which combines unsupervised learning of Sigma-Pi neurons [3] and reinforcement learning (RL). To perform successful grasping two steps are necessary. First, the position of the target object has to be identified and it has to be known in which relation this position is with respect to the hand that will be used for grasping. Multiplying the co-activation of the input units coding for hand and object position and summing over the multiplied inputs leads to an invariant output representing the distance of the two entities. This can be done using Sigma-Pi neurons. The next step is to learn the motor actions that result in a movement of the hand to the object. For this purpose classical reinforcement learning, e.g. SARSA is applied. Using a traditional approach would lead to first train the Sigma-Pi layer in a self-organizing fashion [3] and then, in a second step, use the learned relations as a basis for RL. A self-organized percept is thereby adaptively paired with a suitable action. We propose an alternative method that is capable of learning both, the relations of object and hand and the movement of the hand towards the object in a single-step procedure. In RL the prediction error between estimates of neighboring state values is determined and in turn used to modulate learning of action weights that encode both, value function and action strategy (Q-values). However, after a successful action the prediction error can not only be used to update the Q-values, it also can be used to adapt the weights of the Sigma-Pi neurons of the lower layer. These neurons, each associated to an action, thereby learn the action-relevant input manifold in a law-like relation. A similar approach has been successfully applied to learn action-relevant features of stimuli [4]. Currently we are working on a proof-of-concept simulation comparing the one-step approach to the traditional two-step procedure.


Three different contour features are fused for gait recognition through a score level information fusion framework. The first contour feature is procrustes mean shape (PMS) which is the compact representation of gait sequence. The other two features are proposed based on PMS. One is shape context features which utilize the shape context descriptor to depict the global distribution of sample points on PMS. The other is a local discriminative gait feature called tangent angle features which concentrate on the local characteristic of adjacent points on PMS. At last, those three features are fused at matching score level with five different rules. Large amount of experiments on CASIA and SOTON datasets show the proposed new contour features are more effective than the original one, and also demonstrate that the proposed fusion algorithm outperforms other algorithms.


The utility model relates to a biofilm carrier, in particular to a staggered circulating flow biofilm carrier, which resolves problems that during the present process of utilizing the existing carrier to treat sewage, the surface of the carrier is small, utilization is low, clearances are easy to be blocked, the carrier is easy to sag after being hung with films, water flow turbulence degree inside the carrier is low, and organisms in water contact with biofilms insufficiently. A first carrier plate and a second carrier plate of the staggered circulating flow biofilm carrier are mutually arrayed and are firmly adhered at a connection position, a fixing frame body is encircled by a horizontal frame and a vertical frame, after being adhered firmly, the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are embedded inside the fixing frame body and fastened inside the same through screw stems and nuts, and the first carrier plate and the second carrier plate are both equipped with a plurality of holes. The staggered circulating flow biofilm carrier has the advantages that the surface area of the carrier is large, utilization is high, water flow turbulence degree inside the carrier is large, organisms in water contact with biofilms sufficiently, and COD removal rate is increased more than 30% compared with a common biofilm reaction system.


In this work, we investigate the strain controllability of magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) in the monolayer form of niobium disulfide (NbS2) using density functional theory (DFT). Our calculation reveals a negative MAE of -1.82 meV, indicating a preference for spins to align in the in-plane directions (x or y). By systematically applying biaxial tensile strain to the NbS2 monolayer, ranging from 1% to 10%, we observe a linear relationship between strain and MAE. Interestingly, the strain-induced modulation of MAE leads to a remarkable phenomenon, where the easy axis of magnetization shifts from the in-plane to an out-of-plane orientation at a critical strain of 7%. This ability to switch the magnetic anisotropy by manipulating strain demonstrates the promising potential of NbS2 monolayer in the development of spintronic devices.


Thank you very much for reading 1001 chemicals in everyday products. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this 1001 chemicals in everyday products, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. 1001 chemicals in everyday products is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the 1001 chemicals in everyday products is universally compatible with any devices to read.


THE cafes publiflied by Dr Beddoes, in his Weftern Contributions, of the cow-poX not proving a fecurity againft the fmall-poX> at firft fight appear to militate againft the vaccine difeafe; but certainly not more than fimilar cafes againft the fecurity of the variolous contagion itfelf. In confequence of ihefe cafes, I am forry to obferve, Dr Jenner endeavouring to reconcile them by feeking for the fources of a fpurious difeafe, which is fo indefinite a term as ?would nearly arreft the farther progrefs of expertment. I would not for a moment allow that it


Extraction of silver into water occurs from its apparently inert metal surface by the simple carbohydrate glucose. Here we show that there are large synergistic effects in the extraction process, which results in ca. 45 times larger leaching with specific molecules, when used along with glucose. While glucose (1 g) alone can extract ca. 650 ppb of silver from the metal, 60 mg of it extracts ca. 30000 ppb in a combination with 200 mg of glutathione (GSH) under similar experimental conditions of 70 °C and an extraction time of 7 d, in deionized (DI) water (200 mL). This enhancement is similar when glucose is replaced with cyclodextrin (CD). This enhanced concentration of silver in solution enables the formation of the silver clusters protected with glutathione and cyclodextrin, Ag20(SG)15CD3–, in the presence of a reducing agent. A similar extraction for copper leads to excessive leaching, and typical concentrations are even higher than the solubility limit of the copper–glutathione complex. As a result, these complexes are precipitated. This synergistic extraction is observed for zinc and stainless steel as well. Enhanced extraction is a result of the formation of complexes of metals with glutathione and the consequent leaching of the complex into solution as well as the stabilization of the complex by inclusion complexation with cyclodextrin. Enhanced leaching in the presence of glucose is mostly due to simultaneous complexation with glucose as well as glutathione. The science presented may be used for the green extraction of different metals and could be a new potential top-down approach for metal cluster synthesis. This may also be useful for green and sustained leaching of minerals into water to regulate its quality.


Accelerating structures operating in Ka-Band are foreseen to achieve gradients around 150 MV/m. Among possible applications of a Ka-Band accelerating structure we refer to the beam phase-space manipulation for the Compact Light XLS project as well and medical and industrial applications. In this paper, a Ka-Band Klystron amplifier is being investigated in order to feed Ka-Band accelerating structures. The initial design is presented including the high-power DC gun and the beam focusing channel.


Purpose: Norms, values and social capital are powerful governing forces than conventional rules and principles in the context of eastern Ethiopian communities. By assessing the socio-cultural environment specific to the area, the study tries to make inquiries into the nature, sources and implications of those norms and values.Methodology: Both primary and secondary sources of information were employed, with in depth Interviews (IDI), focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KII) were the major sources of information. As the researcher is involved in the community for over five years, personal observations was integral. The study is conducted based on the principles that features a formative research. To understand the nature, causes and socio-economic implications of the prevailing norms and values in eastern Ethiopian communities, the study consulted psychological, anthropological, sociological and economic theories. To further deliberate and consolidate the issue, FGDs and KII were made with community leaders, elders, residents, and government officials living and working in the major cities in east Ethiopia. Moreover, the issue was discussed and debated in the Third Annual Conference on Eastern Ethiopian Economies, where scholars specializing in different disciplines: economics, management, marketing, public Administration, sociology, psychology, anthropology, agronomy, among others, belonging to the three universities operating in eastern Ethiopia, namely Haromaya University, Jigjiga University and Diredawa University were in attendance.In due course of making analysis and explanations, the study employs descriptive technique of data analysis. Study results and conclusions: The study concludes that the philosophy of life cherished in east is an easy life style, as its adherents prefer to call. Such a life style conducts the behaviors of people by making them develop norms and values, which are characterized by three inter-related aspects. As such, people that value this life style:  a) have a tendency to over-simplify things; b) lack the minimal patience and considerations required before decision making or acting; c) tries to avoid the negative aspects of their decisions. These three values further install into the community a social fabric that is ultimately designed to avoid risk or uncertainties in life. A social capital, which reveals itself in mutual help, interdependence and information flows is the pillar of the installed social fabric that define people`s material and spiritual well-being. That explains why norms, values and social capital are powerful forces that regulate the social and economic life in the communities of eastern Ethiopia.Policy recommendation: This paper further tries to make some inferences implied by these shared norms, values and social capital in the context of peoples` socio-economic life. In this regard, the valued life style in east has a number of positive and negative implications that can potentially attract the attentions of academicians and policy practitioner. In this regard, integrated and inter-disciplinary approach is relevant while conducting researches, or designing policy frameworks that aimed at enhancing the socio-economic well-being of the people. Government offices and development partners working to promote the socio-economic well-beings of people in eastern Ethiopia should consider those variables integral while designing and implementing policies, programs and projects.


The paper expounds the social construction of science knowledge from the philosophy of science, the sociology of science knowledge and the post-modernism, the realistic constructivism. Secondly, the paper discusses the social construction of science curriculum. Thirdly, the paper demonstrates the educational significance of theory and practice of this research.


DuetotheemergenceofInternet-basedmediachannelsthecharacterof localinformationspacesintheCzechRepublichasundergonearemarkable change.Traditionally,dominantinformationsources:dailynewspapersand municipally-owned media have become challenged by a variety of online sourcesrunbygroupsofactivecitizens.Basedonasystemicanalysisofthe local media sector and interviews conducted with representatives of local activist groups this paper discusses the consequences of these processes forlocalpoliticalcommunication.Fromtheactivists'perspective,thenew communication environment has significantly influenced the character of the mutual relationship between different participants in local political communication.Trustbetweenjournalistsandactivists:thebasisfortheir cooperative relationship, faces decline, whereas the self-confidence of activists in negotiations with politicians has increased. Online media also allowtheactiviststobreaktheexistinginformationmonopolyandengage citizens in public affairs. These changes have resulted in the professionalisation of communication skills for the activists, who are thus able to


The Australian Mathematical Society and this journal suffered an enormous loss with the untimely death on 2nd August, 2016 of Laureate Professor Jonathan M. Borwein. Jon's characteristic energy and quickness of mind immediately impressed all who met him, while his humour, generosity and optimism soon became apparent on further acquaintance. He brought all these characteristics plus his vast expertise and network of contacts to the role of co-editor of the Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society as well as to the many other service roles in the Australian mathematical community that he took on after moving to this country in 2008. While his presence will be sorely missed, his colleagues will continue to benefit from the many lessons learned by working with him. Jon is survived by his wife Judith, who continues to serve the Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, and by his daughters Rachel, Naomi and Tova. An obituary for Jonathan is to be published in the Gazette of the Australian Mathematical Society.


Normal stress perturbations accompany propagating mode II rupture along an interface separating materials of contrasting elastic compliance. The extent to which those perturbations may produce significant, observable rupture asymmetries (i.e., final slip distribution heavily weighted toward a preferred propagation direction) in earthquakes is uncertain, but previous numerical simulations predict such asymmetry when frictional resistance is velocity dependent, with sufficient post‐rupture re‐strengthening to produce pulse‐like rupture. We show, by numerical simulations in 3D, that purely geometrical effects leading to pulse‐like rupture can also induce strong asymmetries (and under very limited conditions can even evolve into strictly unilateral rupture), even when frictional rate dependence is neglected. The effect is studied here in a context that can only apply to strike‐slip earthquakes large enough to rupture the entire seismogenic thickness, but the results suggest that other geometrical effects leading to pulse‐like rupture will interact with a compliance contrast in a similar manner.


The relationship between Latin American protest music and student movements came in two ways; On the one hand the protest song was both a form of political participation for young people and a means of free expression about the political and social situation during the dictatorship, that is, and based on the theory of Sidney Tarrow in the power of movements was a
innovative weapon in the group action repertoire of groups, on the other the musical current was nourished by the student struggle to compose and create new melodies as evidenced in platforms such as clubs or recitals.


Whether firms with more alliance experience perform better than those with less and whether the alliance strategy interacts with diversification strategy to shape firm performance are two critical but underexplored questions. To address these queries, this study develops a three-level sigmoid framework built upon a marginal analysis that contrasts alliance benefits and alliance costs, and considers the moderation of diversification that often closely works with the alliance in shaping firm performance. Empirical results obtained from firms in two alliance-populated industries support first that the alliance experience-performance relationship is S-shaped in that the linkage is negative to alliance novices, positive to alliance experts, and negative again to alliance overusers; and second, that the shape of this sigmoid curve varies systematically between high- and low-diversified firms. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resume

Les entreprises qui ont plus d'experiences en matiere d'alliance reussissent-elles mieux que celles qui en ont moins? La strategie d'alliance interagit-elle avec la strategie de diversification pour definir la performance de l'entreprise? Voila deux questions importantes qui n'ont pas toujours beneficie de l'attention des chercheurs. Pour y apporter des elements de reponse, la presente etude propose un cadre sigmoide a trois niveaux construit sur une analyse marginale qui d'une part, contraste les bienfaits de l'alliance avec ses couts, et, d'autre part, examine la moderation de la diversification qui s'associe souvent etroitement a l'alliance pour faconner la performance. Les resultats empiriques obtenus des firmes de deux industries dotees d'alliances indiquent que la relation experiences en matiere d'alliance/performance est en forme S dans la mesure ou le lien est negatif pour les debutants en alliance, positif pour les experts en alliance et negatif pour les firmes qui en font un usage excessif. Les resultats montrent aussi que la forme de cette courbe sigmoide varie systematiquement selon que les firmes sont hautement ou faiblement diversifiees. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Modern vocational education is the product of the Industrial Revolution. The Westernization Movement (Yang-wu movement) in Late Ching was a direct action of modernization under the background of national doom. During this period, the Ching government began to absorb some advanced western techniques and imitate the institution. This paper focuses on the economic, social and ideological background for of the modern vocational education by the Westernization sect of Late Ching Dynasty, and the position and function of the representative figures in the ideological history of vocational education is also studied here.


Research Department, Petru Maior University of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania, e-mail: email@example.com Bio-Inspired Electronics and Reconfigurable Computing (BIRC) Research Group, National University Ireland Galway, Ireland, e-mail: email@example.com Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Romania, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 4 Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Petru Maior University of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Adolescence is a period where individuals experience a developmental transition from childhood to adulthood, that is capable of mental, emotional, social, and physical maturity Emotions can affect individual ways of thinking and even actions. Inability to manage emotions is a picture of uncontrolled emotions and reflects emotional imbalance. This study aims to describe the emotional management of early adolescents in terms of the ability to control the interpretation of stimuli that cause emotions, and the ability to control the expression of emotions that arise. This research uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The study population was 785 students of SMP N 7 Padang. The sample in this study amounted to 265 people determined by proportional random sampling. The instrument used in this study was a Likert scale model questionnaire. The data obtained were processed using percentage techniques. The findings of this study reveal that the ability to manage students' emotions in controlling the interpretation of stimuli that cause emotions is in the good category with a percentage of 67.5%, and the ability of students to control the expression of emotions that appear is in the good category with a percentage of 70.2%. So the ability to manage the emotions of early teens is classified as good with a percentage of 76.6%.


Most oscillating reactions (ORs) happen in solutions. Few existing solid-based ORs either happen on solid/gas (e.g., oxidation or corrosion) or solid/liquid interfaces, or at the all-solid interfaces neighboring to metals or ionic conductors (e.g., electrolysis or electroplate). We report in this paper a new type of all-solid based OR that happens at the insulator (amorphous SiO2)/semiconductor (Si) interface with the interfacial point defects as the oscillating species. This OR is the first example of the point-defect coupled ORs (PDC-ORs) proposed by H. Schmalzried et al. [1] and J. Janek et al. [2] decades ago. We use proton implantation as the driving force of the oscillation, and employ techniques common in semiconductor device characterization to monitor the oscillation in situ. This approach not only overcomes the difficulties associated with detecting reactions in solids, but also accurately measure the oscillating ultra-low concentration (1010~1011 cm-2) of the interfacial charged point-defects. We propose a mechanism for the reported PDC-OR based on the Brusselator model by identifying the interfacial reactions.


Masonry or finishing non-cracking mortar for internal and external walls and its production are disclosed. The non-cracking mortar consists of cement 20-35wt%, mineral admixture 2-20wt%, building sand 60-75wt%, cellulose ether 0.02-0.2wt% and organic fibre 0.1-0.2wt%. It has excellent water-retaining property and cohesion and fast construction-speed, it can be used for different wall masonry and finishing.


There remains an unmet need for convenient biomarkers to assess the risks of discontinuing nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).


This paper describes methods to reduce problems in design and planning of modifications to piping systems during a nuclear plant outage. Significant differences between original design and retrofits are explored. Factors which must be considered during the initial and subsequent design phases of plant modifications are highlighted. ASME Section XI rules for repairs and replacments are explained. Topics discussed include licensing, procurement, scheduling and consultant management.


This paper reviews the process of forming a system of business education in pre-revolutionary Russia. Particular attention is paid to the state's role as an organizer of business education that provided institutional support for the process at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. The causes and analyzes the features of formation of higher business education in Europe as well as the use of the European experience in establishing a system of business education in Russia are revealed. Also, a range of issues, including the financing of commercial schools and education programs, the level of the teaching staff and the duration of studies in a commercial college are considered.


Digital videos have been occupying major part of our everyday life and thus videos enhancement techniques have become one of the trending research areas. Video processing tasks like deblurring and denoising have drawn significant attention from research community. This paper proposes a robust technique for noise removal and deblurring using adaptive optimization algorithm. Initially, each frame in the input video undergoes two stages i.e. noise removal and deblurring. The noise removal is performed in two steps such as main structure extraction and filtering. The main structure extraction is carried out based on structure texture decomposition and for filtering nonlocal mean filter is used. After that, the kernel estimation is performed using the proposed Adaptive Fractional-Sine Cosine Algorithm (F-SCA) which is responsible for global optimal convergence. For latent frame extraction, anisotropic TV model is employed. The performance of the noise removal and video deblurring based on Adaptive F-SCA is evaluated in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity (SSIM) index. The proposed noise removal and video deblurring method achieves the maximal PSNR of 29.182 dB and the maximal SSIM of0.9366 that indicates its superiority.


Muscle spindles are known to be innervated by both sensory and motor nerve endings. Sensory nerves are mainly distributed in the equatorial regions of muscle spindles, while motors are distributed in the polar regions. To examine the ganglioside expression in sensory and motor nerve endings, we investigated the topographical difference in the distribution of GM1, GD1a, GQ1b and GD1b gangliosides in the muscle spindles of masseter, flexor carpi ulnaris and lumbar paraspinal muscles of adult rats. Whereas GM1, GD1a and GD1b are distributed widely in both the sensory and motor regions of muscle spindles, GQ1b is restricted to the sensory regions. When GQ1b stain was compared with parvalbumin, known as a marker of proprioceptive neuron in dorsal root ganglia, parvalbumin staining was completely negative in the nerve endings of motor regions, whereas a few of them were GQ1b positive. GQ1b stain may reflect a few distribution of group II sensory nerve endings in the polar regions, and anti-GQ1b antibodies may be useful as a sensory nerve marker in muscle spindles. Anti-parvalbumin antibody may be used as a putative proprioceptive (group Ia) nerve marker also in the muscle spindle.


The production of enantiopure drugs is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry [1]. Considering the increased difficulty in the production of pure enantiomers by direct synthesis, the synthesis of racemates followed by their chiral resolution is a simpler, more flexible and cheaper alternative. This approach is commonly achieved by chromatography and crystallization, yet other methods, such as enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction can provide a better balance between costs, operational versatility and scale-up opportunities. Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) are good candidates to turn enantioseparations not only into more biocompatible but also more versatile approaches [2]. Ionic liquids are alternative solvents with an enormous degree of structural diversity, allowing the design of task-specific solvents and, by their introduction in ABS, of highly performant extraction/separation approaches. Being made up of ions, if one can select/develop chiral structures to function as cations, anions or both, the opportunity of creating chiral ionic liquids (CILs) emerges [3,4].


A rich collection of Buddha images belonging to the Kandyan period (17 – 18 Century AD) possessing characteristic visual features and made of different media have been found from the different parts of the country. Among them a significant number of images are made using the metal. This paper intends to study the metallurgy of the Kandyan period Buddha images which in turn gives some light to the metal technology of that period. In addition this paper tries to study metallurgy of the studied icons in relation to their visual features (visual styles). Twenty metal Buddha images which have been attributed to the Kandyan period and now deposited at the National Museum, Colombo were taken for this study (see appendix 1). These images have been classified as belonging to the Kandyan period mostly by art historical means such as iconography and iconometry which have undoubtedly been proved as very successful for this task.


To introduce three class exam ine w ay of the hum ic acid class liquid fertilizer'sbiology active:1)Exam inepom ate crope grow by am ethod ofthegarlic in the w ater;2)Exam ine open orclose stom a by the kidney been or cucum ber beaf;3)Exam ine restrain and kill death Verticillium albo-atrum R et B or Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum (ATK) Snyder S.Hansen.The m ethods very prom incnce and hum ic acid density is incidentw ith one another.


In this dissertation a new advancement in the development of time-varying multi-area representations of large-scale complex systems is presented. The new approach combines on-line trajectory clustering techniques and Linear OMIB theory and can be used to prove the asymptotically stable condition. Inspired by the idea of Time varying OMIB response a linear technique for transient stability assessment of stressed power systems involving complex inter-area oscillations are developed.


Methods to Evaluate and Increase the RF Safety of Cardiovascular Interventional Devices During MRI Gregory H. Griffin Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto 2016 Percutaneous revascularization could benefit greatly from MRI guidance and device tracking, but MRI guidance is currently contraindicated due to RF safety concerns. The success rate of such procedures could be improved by devices designed to exploit the unique features of MRI. Unfortunately such devices require long linear conductive structures, which present a significant risk to the patient in the form of RF heating. A priori safety prediction is impractical in vivo and thus, safety is typically investigated in vitro and extrapolated. A method of remotely predicting safety in situ during an exam would be very beneficial for ensuring safety in patients. A method of increasing the safety of revascularization devices would also be necessary to allow their employment in many clinical scenarios. Techniques are developed and presented in this thesis to enable safe, remote quantification of induced RF current and heating in vivo. Also presented is a technique of increasing the safety of revascularization guidewires without altering mechanical properties. The first technique is a method of analyzing phase artifacts introduced into MRI images by RF current flowing on linear conductive structures. The technique fits a theoretical representation of the phase artifact to an acquired image to quantify the current that induced the artifact. The measured current is then used to predict power deposition and heating. The technique is developed theoretically, and demonstrated with an in vitro feasibility study. Extensions to this phase-based technique are also presented. Sources of unwanted phase artifacts in vivo are discussed and it is demonstrated that a custom imaging sequence is capable of eliminating said artifacts. A feasibility study is presented wherein heating is accurately predicted in several pig experiments, using the custom sequence for current characterization. A novel application of floating RF traps, towards suppressing induced current on guidewires, is also presented. Theory of trap function is developed and verified through modelling and in-vitro experimentation. It is demonstrated that traps can feasibly increase the RF safety of guidewires, without altering the guidewire mechanical properties.


Abstract Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting remains a significant problem for children with leukemia. There is limited evidence to support using prophylactic antiemetic prior to the administration of intrathecal chemotherapy. Objective: Determine whether vomiting and nausea associated with intravenous ketamine and intrathecal chemotherapy may be reduced by the addition of prophylactic dexamethasone in children. Method:A randomized, double-blinded, crossover, placebo-controlled trial was completed in 33 children receiving intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate and ketamine sedation at Pharmongkutklao Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to receive one of two interventions during the first period, either an infusion of normal saline or intravenous dexamethasone at 0.25 mg/kg/dose. Each patient acted as his or her own control, and each patient was studied at two time-points. Results: Period effect, sequence effect, and carry over effect were not demonstrated. The absolute risk reduction of vomiting was significantly greater after infusion of dexamethasone than after placebo at 33.3 % (p=0.02). The number needed to treat was three to prevent one episode of vomiting. Fifteen patients in the treatment group reported nausea versus 26 patients in the placebo group (p= 0.007). In the group of patients treated with dexamethasone, five required antiemetic vs. 16 of those receiving placebo (p=0.02). There was no complication from dexamethasone. Conclusion: Intravenous dexamethasone reduced vomiting associated with intrathecal chemotherapy and ketamine sedation, without significant side-effects. It may be recommended a reasonable option before intrathecal chemotherapy


A 19-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus and suspected cystic fibrosis presented with a 1-day history of acute abdominal pain. Plain radiography revealed a typical mechanical obstruction.


Objective:To discuss the clinical,pathological and MRI characteristics of lymphoepithelial lesions. Methods:Eleven cases(5 males and 6 females) were retrospectively reviewed,in which nine niduses were found in the parotid gland and two niduses in submandibular gland.Results:Nine cases were found benign lymphoepithelioma and two cases were lymphoepithelial carcinoma.Nine focuses demonstrated low signal intensity at TIWI level by MRI.Ten focuses showed hypointensity at T2WI level.Ten focuses displayed inhomogeneous enhanced.Conclusion:Pathology examination is recommended as an effective method for treatment planning of lymphepithelioma and lymphoepithelial carcinoma.


Rock aggregates forming part of engineering structures such as embankments, rock fills, pile foundations, and pavements are subjected to static and dynamic loads. As a result of these loads crushing occurs in two different forms: abrasion and particle fragmentation. Particle fragmentation takes place when a particle is subjected to a tensile stress greater than its tensile strength. This tensile strength is a highly variable parameter. The work presented in this study shows that Weibull statistics can be used to characterize the variability in tensile strength of rock aggregates by only using one constant called the Weibull modulus. This parameter can be used not only to describe variability in tensile strength but also to describe the effect of size specimen in tensile strength. The higher the modulus, the lower is the influence of the variability of tensile strength and sample size. More than 390 different specimens coming from a red Biotite Gneiss and a grey Quartzite were tested to validate the use of Weibull statistics. The Weibull modulus was found to be equal to 2.75 and 4.23 for the red Biotite Gneiss and the grey Quartzsite respectively.


Electroencephalographic estimates of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-induced seizure duration were obtained in 141 patients with major depression (n = 41) or schizophrenia (n = 100). A slight reduction in seizure duration across a course of ECT failed to reach statistical significance and was unrelated to clinical improvement.


The speed of movements of the goods and services in a locality is a vital determinant of progress. Many of these goods and services moved through the roads aside from airports and sea ports. It is therefore, of utmost importance that the government provides right services for the benefit of all. The populace' access to farm products is very important to our daily lives. When these goods are made cheap to the buying public thru improved farm-to-market roads it will be a great help to the people. The provision of an alternate route that will shorten this travel time is therefore welcomed. The proposed coastal road from Toril to downtown Davao is one of the very much possible routes. Studying the feasibility of this project is of utmost importance. Along with the reduced travel time is the savings in fuel and the reduction of wear and tear on many of the moving parts of vehicles. Aside from the beauty that can be contributed by the aesthetics of the proposed project, it can be a pride to Davao City. Keywords: Alternative route, coastal road, decongestion of traffic, descriptive study, Davao City, Philippines.


Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with gastric cancer. The present research was performed to investigate the prevalence of EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) among Iranian patients. Methods Seventy formalin-�xed para�n-embedded (FFPE) cases of gastric cancer and 30 FFPE cases of gastric ulcer were studied from 2011–2018 in the case-control study. The specimens were investigated for the presence of the EBV genome by Nested-PCR for EBNA1. The positive samples for the EBNA1 region were again tested for the EBER gene by the PCR method. Positive samples were sequenced and aligned to construct the EBV phylogenetic tree.


Abstract Although they have taken the history of photography out of the curio cabinet and enshrined it in the art museum, scholars and critics continue to find the nature of photography as an art problematical. Frequently unresolved is the question of whether particular 'beautiful' or 'original' photographs are the conscious achievements of photographers who appreciated the extent to which photographic processes could be manipulated and who intentionally exploited them to anticipated ends, or whether such works are only happy accidents for which the authors cannot legitimately be awarded credit. The latter assumption is especially likely in considerations of early photographs from the mid 19th-century, when there barely existed a photographic tradition from which might be derived the fundamentals of an aesthetic either distinguishing photography from other art forms or articulating common ground. A further, related, supposition is that many of the early photographers, those whose purposes were overtly doc...


The escape of the immune system from the regulatory affects of the body, induced by immunotoxicants or pathogenic microorganisms, may lead to hypersensitivity, autoimmunity or immunosuppression. Immunosuppression causes failure of the immune system to respond properly to invading foreign microbes. It may occur due to lack of the cells or the organs of the immune system or their proper functioning. Suppression of the immune system causes an increased susceptibility of an individual to infections from pathogens, cancer as well as opportunistic microbes. Organisms that our body would normally be able to ward off will be able to infect tissues causing life threatening conditions.


A critical approach to the conference given by C P Snow on May 1959, at Cambridge University from the Cuban story teller vision of Dr. Jose Nunez Jover, in his article "Returning to the two cultures ", allow us to open our look from a new view point of the antropology discussion as a science or as an art. Science and art get a dimension with the study of alterity, in which the researcher interact with a complex reality in movement, making him to build and rebuild the theory and method of his science to dilute inside the ambiguous border between science with art and viceverse. The three phases in which the Brazilian antropologyst Roberto Cardoso synthezied this office, may be possible through this review, to sustain that the office of the antropologyst during investigation, integrates armonically the solution of social problem of the systematic, rational, exact and verifiable knowledge, on one side; and the experience, imagination, vision and abilities and values during his academic and practice excersise, on the other.


Application of sunlight energy every time is increasing along with the knowledge that continues to develop over time. One of the sources of solar energy is the Solar Power Plant (PLTS) which uses solar energy for electrical energy. The purposes of this research are to study the effect of CO2 gas for increasing the energy of PLTS and to find the effect of refrigerant gas on the efficiency of PLTS. Data is collected in an integrated electrical laboratory, the data are the voltage, current and intensity of solar radiation. Then the input power, output power and efficiency are calculated. The results of this study are the effect of CO 2 gas on the efficiency of PLTS was not affect the efficiency of PLTS, namely the light intensity of 100 W / m 2 to 380 W / m 2 with a gas contribution of 5% and 10%, can be seen that if output power increase, the efficiency of PLTS is also increase. When using CO 2 gas, the efficiency of PLTS almost the same as normal conditions (without gas).  The effect of the refrigerant gas mixture was not enfluence the efficiency of PLTS. When using refrigerant gas of 5% and 10% both R22 and R134 the efficiency of PLTS was the same with CO 2 gas which its efficiency almost the same as normal conditions (without gas). Data with the intensity of solar radiation 100 W/m 2 in normal conditions (without gas) the maximum efficiency that can be obtained is 9.085917% with an output power of 1.061917 watts, when R134 and R22 gas were added at PLTS, it was obtained  maximum efficiency at R134 (13,624637% )


A large-scale and long-term research and development project Forest management inspired by natural disturbance dynamics (DISTDYN) was initiated in Finland in 2009. The aim is to examine how variation in spatial and temporal scales of felling affects forest structure and biota. Harvesting methods applied in this project include selection, gap, partial and clear felling with variable retention. Rehabilitation is also applied as dead wood is intentionally increased while harvesting. The motivation of the project lies in the growing interest in using natural disturbances as an inspiration of forest-ecosystem management and in the recognition that mid- to small-scale disturbances are a characteristic feature of unmanaged Fennoscandian forests. The effects of felling methods are studied at the stand scale. However, a unique aspect of the project is the focus on landscape-scale impacts of different harvesting alternatives by comparing ca. 150-ha landscape units with varying harvesting regimes. Overall, the project aims at creating a long-lasting multidisciplinary research infrastructure. It also addresses core issues of forest-ecosystem management, including ecological, timber-production, economic and socio-cultural performances of alternative harvesting practices.