Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor that is being investigated for JIA.To assess tofacitinib efficacy and safety in JIA patients (pts).This was a Phase 3, randomised, double-blind (DB), placebo (PBO)-controlled withdrawal study in pts aged 2−<18 years with polyarticular course JIA (pcJIA), PsA or ERA (NCT02592434). In the 18-week open-label Part 1, pts received weight-based tofacitinib doses (5 mg BID or lower). Pts with ≥JIA ACR30 response at Week (W)18 were randomised 1:1 in the DB Part 2 (W18−44) to continue tofacitinib or switch to PBO. Primary endpoint: disease flare rate by W44. Key secondary endpoints: JIA ACR50/30/70 response rates; change from Part 2 baseline (Δ) in CHAQ-DI at W44. Other efficacy endpoints: time to disease flare in Part 2; JADAS27-CRP in Parts 1 and 2. PsA/ERA pts were excluded from these efficacy analyses. Safety was evaluated in all pts up to W44.225 enrolled pts with pcJIA (n=184), PsA (n=20) or ERA (n=21) received tofacitinib in Part 1. At W18, 173/225 (76.9%) pts entered Part 2 (pcJIA n=142, PsA n=15, ERA n=16). In pcJIA pts, disease flare rate in Part 2 was significantly lower with tofacitinib vs PBO by W44 (p=0.0031; Fig 1a). JIA ACR50/30/70 response rates (Fig 1b) and ΔCHAQ-DI (Fig 1c) at W44, and time to disease flare in Part 2 (Fig 2a), were improved with tofacitinib vs PBO. Tofacitinib reduced JADAS27-CRP in Part 1; this effect was sustained in Part 2 (Fig 2b). Overall, safety was similar with tofacitinib or PBO (Table): 77.3% and 74.1% had adverse events (AEs); 1.1% and 2.4% had serious AEs. In Part 1, 2 pts had herpes zoster (non-serious) and 3 pts had serious infections (SIs). In Part 2, SIs occurred in 1 tofacitinib pt and 1 PBO pt. No pts died.In pcJIA pts, tofacitinib vs PBO resulted in significantly fewer disease flares, and improved time to flare, disease activity and physical functioning. Tofacitinib safety was consistent with that in RA pts.Table.Safety in all ptsPart 1Part 2TofacitinibaN=225TofacitinibaN=88PBO N=85Pts with events, n (%)AEs153 (68.0)68 (77.3)63 (74.1)SAEs7 (3.1)1 (1.1)2 (2.4)Permanent discontinuations due to AEs26 (11.6)16 (18.2)29 (34.1)AEs of special interest Death000 Gastrointestinal perforationb000 Hepatic eventb3 (1.3)00 Herpes zoster (non-serious and serious)2 (0.9)c00 Interstitial lung diseaseb000 Major adverse cardiovascular eventsb000 Malignancy (including non-melanoma skin cancer)b000 Macrophage activation syndromeb000 Opportunistic infectionb000 SI3 (1.3)1 (1.1)d1 (1.2) Thrombotic event (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolismbor arterial thromboembolism)000 Tuberculosisb000a5 mg BID or equivalent weight-based lower dose in pts <40 kgbAdjudicated eventscBoth non-seriousdOne SAE of pilonidal cyst repair was coded to surgical procedures instead of infections, and was inadvertently not identified as an SI. Following adjudication, the SAE did not meet opportunistic infection criteria; it is also included in the table as an SIAE, adverse event; BID, twice daily; PBO, placebo; pts, patients; SAE, serious AE; SI, serious infectionStudy sponsored by Pfizer Inc. Medical writing support was provided by Sarah Piggott of CMC Connect and funded by Pfizer Inc.Nicolino Ruperto Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lily, F Hoffmann-La Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Sobi (paid to institution), Consultant of: Ablynx, AbbVie, AstraZeneca-Medimmune, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lily, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, R-Pharma, Sanofi, Servier, Sinergie, Sobi, Takeda, Speakers bureau: Ablynx, AbbVie, AstraZeneca-Medimmune, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lily, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, R-Pharma, Sanofi, Servier, Sinergie, Sobi, Takeda, Olga Synoverska Speakers bureau: Sanofi, Tracy Ting: None declared, Carlos Abud-Mendoza Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Pfizer Inc, Alberto Spindler Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Yulia Vyzhga Grant/research support from: Pfizer Inc, Katherine Marzan Grant/research support from: Novartis, Vladimir Keltsev: None declared, Irit Tirosh: None declared, Lisa Imundo: None declared, Rita Jerath: None declared, Daniel Kingsbury: None declared, Betül Sözeri: None declared, Sheetal Vora: None declared, Sampath Prahalad Grant/research support from: Novartis, Elena Zholobova Grant/research support from: Novartis and Pfizer Inc, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer Inc and Roche, Yonatan Butbul Aviel: None declared, Vyacheslav Chasnyk: None declared, Melissa Lerman Grant/research support from: Amgen, Kabita Nanda Grant/research support from: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen and Roche, Heinrike Schmeling Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer Inc, Roche and USB Bioscience, Heather Tory: None declared, Yosef Uziel Speakers bureau: Pfizer Inc, Diego O Viola Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, GSK, Janssen and Pfizer Inc, Speakers bureau: AbbVie and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Holly Posner Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Keith Kanik Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Ann Wouters Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Cheng Chang Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Richard Zhang Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Irina Lazariciu Consultant of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: IQVIA, Ming-Ann Hsu Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Ricardo Suehiro Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Alberto Martini Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lily, EMD Serono, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Daniel J Lovell Consultant of: Abbott (consulting and PI), AbbVie (PI), Amgen (consultant and DSMC Chairperson), AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb (PI), Celgene, Forest Research (DSMB Chairman), GlaxoSmithKline, Hoffman-La Roche, Janssen (co-PI), Novartis (consultant and PI), Pfizer (consultant and PI), Roche (PI), Takeda, UBC (consultant and PI), Wyeth, Employee of: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Speakers bureau: Wyeth, Hermine Brunner Consultant of: Hoffman-La Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Aventis, Merck Serono, AbbVie, Amgen, Alter, AstraZeneca, Baxalta Biosimilars, Biogen Idec, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, EMD Serono, Janssen, MedImmune, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Biosciences, Speakers bureau: GSK, Roche, and Novartis


Born in 1924 in Bitlis, Fuat Sezgin, after attending his primary school education in there, completed his secondary education in Erzurum High School and then he graduated from Oriental Languages and Literatures Department, Faculty of Letters Istanbul University. He completed his Ph.D. studies in the same faculty as an academic, and then in the 1960 military coup, he was given a sack from the university. Upon the advice of Hellmut Ritter he went to Frankfurt University in Germany. Fuat Sezgin is a Turkish scientist who started his scientific life in Turkey and continued in Germany for compelling reasons. Based on Arabic manuscripts collected from various parts of the world, he revealed the contributions of Muslims to science and their achievements in the scientific field. Thus he proved with evidence that the perception of "all developments in science was recorded by the Westerners" to be wrong; on the contrary, he demonstrated with documents, the understanding of "many developments in science between 6th and 9the centuries were recorded by the Muslims and Westerners learned from them." Fuat Sezgin classified the developments of Muslims in scientific fields according to centuries in his work titled Islam'da Bilim ve Teknik (Science and Technique in Islam), and he explained who contributed to which scientific field in each century one by one. According to it, in the 1st and the 2nd centuries of Islamic Calendar (Hijri Calendar), the 7th and 8th centuries in the Gregorian calendar, they learned the sciences and they made use of the translations of Ancient Greek scientific works. From the 3rd century of Islamic Calendar, the 9th century of Gregorian Calender, on they formed their own sciences and philosophies. According to Fuat Sezgin, Muslims produced such thoughts and sciences that could not even be imagined by Ancient Greek philosophers-bookmen or by the 17th-century scientists. For instance, an Islamic scientist named Cabir b. Hayyan, by saying that "Allah gave all the capability to human beings to solve all the veil of misery!" claimed man could solve every misery in the universe. On the other hand, Aristotle accepted that human was not capable of doing that by saying exact the opposite of it. Cabir b. Hayyan defended the thesis that the universe was created in a set of mathematical measurements. In other words, he admitted that even the emotions could be measured. He said, "something that could not be measured could not be the subject of science." For instance, while Galen classified diseases as first level and second level, Cabir said it should have been expressed through mathematics. Again Cabir Ibni Hayyan, with his principle named 'tevlid' (meaning being born in its dictionary use), admitted that Allah gave humans the ability to produce new things. However, while saying it, he did not regard the topic in the sense of backsliding. He could claim it in the 8th century. He was a person who could answer the question that "could we consist of stone, herb and animal?" as "yes, we could" in order to show his belief that Allah gave humans such a great power. He, Cabir, was such a wonderful person that he could make an alphabet with 700 letters to express all the animal sounds. Fuat Sezgin answers the question of "Can you make a comparison between Muslims, Greeks, and Europeans?"  by assimilating the development rule of sciences to a river. A river grows from small sources, it flows fast from the hillsides to a meadow, and in the meadow, it both slows down and widens, and then again it gets fast and it becomes a cycle. Sciences, just like rivers, develop slowly in the hands of different people and in the lands of different cultures and turn into its contemporary status. Thus Fuat Sezgin emphasizes that there is a mutuality base of science. Nations interact and take it from somewhere and improve it. Consequently, people who continue to study become science banner bearers and become influential.  The ones who get tired leave the banners aside and regress.  While once Egyptians, Babylonians, or Greeks pioneered science, between the 9th and 17th centuries the world of Islam was the pioneer in every topic and it guided humanity. In fact, Muslim scientists mentioned respectfully the people who took information and science, for instance, they said: "measter" for Socrates, "Divine Plato" for Plato, "First Teacher" for Aristotle and "virtuous" for Galen. Muslim scientists did not deny that they were influenced by previous scientists and mentioned where they got information. According to Fuat Sezgin, there is not such a footnoting tradition in the West. They behaved as if they did everything and produced every piece of information. According to the researches that Fuat Sezgin did, chemistry which is the base of many sciences was invented by a Muslim scientist names Cabir b. Hayyan. The number zero in mathematics was given to the world of science by Ibn Haysem. The founder of the logarithm is Al-Harezmi. The first maps were drawn by the Muslims. In the Islamic world, there were many prominent scholars in many science fields. Biruni, for example, is not only a mathematician but also a geographer; he made mathematical geography an independent discipline. Biruni is the one who founded spherical trigonometry as a branch of science based on the discoveries of his teachers. Biruni, on the other hand, was known as the "father of Pharmacy" with his information in the field of medicines. One of our most sophisticated scientists is Ibn Sina. Ibn Sina, whose work Al-Kanun Fi't-Tib was translated into Latin several times in the Middle Ages, was known for his innovations in medicine with the title of co-Shaykh er-Reis. He is also a person in philosophy that Westerners follow. Turkiye'de de boyle bir muze acmasi yolunda kendisine iletilen tekliflere olumlu bakan Sezgin, Gulhane Parki'nda 800 eserden olusan yeni bir muze daha kurmus ve adini da Islam Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi Muzesi olarak koymustur. Fuat Sezgin, as well as collecting Works of Arabic manuscripts in various countries of the world and making scientific studies about them, exhibited the technical instruments narrated in these works by making their one-to-one copy as described in the books in the Museum of the Institute of History of Arab-Islamic Sciences that he opened in Frankfurt. Although he initially planned to make almost 30 instruments, over time he managed to make and exhibit 500 instruments in total. Sezgin, who was favorable on the suggestions of opening such a museum in Turkey, established a new museum consisting of 800 instruments in Gulhane Park and named it as the history of Islamic Science and Technology Museum. Sezgin is a pioneer in re-establishing the self-confidence of the Turkish-Islamic world through his efforts.


Abstract In the late 1800s negative effects associated with the Industrial Revolution and subsequent urban crowding led to increased health problems and disease transmissions. This interdisciplinary study analyzed how domestic kitchen design was influenced by concerns for public health, the changing role of women, and Victorian disease theory that centered on sanitation and germs. The role of women changed during this time period from being the manager of domestic servants to becoming the provider of domestic service for their families. Public health officials advised the housewife on the best ways to maintain family health and viewed the healthy home as a means to prevent the spread of disease. No room saw more change to improve health than the kitchen. These changes were seen in overall kitchen design, furnishings, and finishes. This review of the history of kitchen design through a multidiscipUnary perspective provided insight into how design concepts evolved and gave a beneficial example of an historical study to educators who desire to convey to students the importance of a comprehensive design perspective.


It is demonstrated that the Cramer-Rao lower bounds on frequency estimates for short data records containing cisoids in colored Gaussian noise are well approximated by simple formulas based on a white noise assumption, suitably modified to account for the local noise levels at the cisoidal frequencies. The approximations are accurate to within a few tens of percent, even for records with as few as ten data points, provided the noise spectra are reasonably smooth over frequency intervals corresponding to 2/spl pi/ times the reciprocal of the number of data points.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has long been one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that CT image analysis is an effective way to diagnose patients with COPD. Automatic diagnosis of CT images using computer vision will shorten the time a patient takes to confirm COPD. This enables patients to receive timely treatment. CT images are three-dimensional data. The extraction of 3D texture features is the core of classification problem. However, the classification accuracy of the current computer vision models is still not high when extracting these features. Therefore, computer vision assisted diagnosis has not been widely used. In this paper, we proposed MV-DCNN, a multiview deep neural network based on 15 directions. The experimental results show that compared with the stateof-art methods, this method significantly improves the accuracy of COPD classification, with an accuracy of 97.7%. The model proposed here can be used in the medical institutions for diagnosis of COPD.


Editor – This letter is both a response to Carroll & Powell-Tuck's recent letter asking whether colleagues had integrated basic science and clinical aspects using paired-teacher arrangements and a tribute to a colleague, Dr Richard Farrow. Before Richard (RF) tragically died in 2004, he and I (JNH) collaborated as paired lecturers in a plenary session for first year medical undergraduates at Peninsula Medical School. There, one of the major learning strategies in the first 2 years (Phase 1) of the course is problem-based learning (PBL). Each PBL case unit focuses on issues affecting health at different stages of the life cycle, supported by a variety of student learning activities. These include clinical skills, life science and IT resource sessions; community practice experiences; and plenary sessions. The latter was the setting for our paired lecturing experience.


What can you firms do when a competitor has already established a leading platform? Learn from Apple's iPhone, Google's Gmail and Facebook -- and how they overtook earlier market leaders.


Interest in rural development in Europe is shown by the lively debate arising subsequent to the beginning of 2007-2013 programming. The policies implemented so far have been constrained by narrow definitions inappropriate for adequate characterization. The aim of this study is a critical discussion of the evolution of the idea of what is rural, understood as a both physical and socio-economic area, which can be described with several variables. The empirical analysis applied to the situation in Tuscany uses cluster analysis for the identification of "rural areas" and their characterization according to the role played within the process of economic development.


In the winter of 2011 we found active amphibians in eight new thermal habitats from western Romania. The identification of some populations in Arad County fills the gaps in the distribution of the phenomenon. Most of the habitats are artificial, represented by channels originating from thermal wells.


Organic Dyes (Gentian Violet or Methylene Blue) had increased the lethal photosensitization of Aspergillus flavus, when were treated with boric acid of different concentrations (1% and 2%) and exposed to He-Ne laser light with absorbed doses of 1.06 and 2.12 joules/cm respectively and survivors enumerated. The inhibition of fungus growth was 92.2 and 96.6 % (Percentage differences from control PDC) for the coloring by Gentian Violet and 84.4and 87.7% for Methylene Blue. Introduction: Aspergillus species are saprophytic fungi found in soil, water and decaying organic matter .Of the 200 species in the genus only a few can cause disease and Aspergillus flavus is one of them. In the normal host, Aspergillus species can cause a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from allergic manifestations , corrneal ,otomycotic , nasoorbital infections and superficial infections to a life-threatening invasive disease known as invasive Aspergillosis.Initiation of infection begins with the inhalation of conidia, the infectious particles, which adhere to and germinate in the lung tissue. Hyphal invasion of the lung epithelium is followed by Organic Microbiological Studies: Effects of Organic..... 19 dissemination to other organs risk factors for invasive Aspergillosis is prolonged neutropenia and/or long-term administration of high dose corticosteroids [3] . Although Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause of Aspergillosis, but A. flavus, and several other species can also cause diseases. Aspergillus is a mold with septate hyphae about 2 4 um in diameter. The fungus can be identified by its gross and microscopic appearance in culture . The extremely effective of boric acid on the growth of some fungi or their aflatoxin , and the lethal photosensitization of these fungi at exposure to He/Ne laser light or Gallium Aluminium Arsenide laser irradiations with different dyes( toluidine blue or methylene blue) was studied by many investigators [5-9] . As part of continuous program directed toward the studying of the biological effects of some organic and inorganic compounds , it was become of interest to investigate a comparative study between the effects of this acid in different concentrations (1% and 2%), and the lethal photosensitization toward He-Ne laser light after colored with gentian violet or methylene blue. Materials and methods test organism Aspergillus flavus, a fungus previously isolated from corns was used in this work. Inoculums preparation [9] Sabaurauds Agar medium (SAM) was used, with the following composition (g/l): Glucose, 10; Agar, 10, Pepton10 and distilled water, 1000ml. The pH value of the medium was adjusted at 5.6 then autoclaving at 1.5 atm. for 15 minutes. (SAM) medium was also used for subculturing of the test organism as well as for preparation of fungal inoculum. This was prepared in the form of fungal culture discs each of 7mm diameter using 8 days old culture. (SAM) medium was also used as control medium for measuring the toxicity of boric acid on fungal growth. Experimental media This was prepared using (SAM) medium.It was supplied singly by different concentrations of boric acid of 1% and 2%. The days(gentian violet and methylene blue) was supplied as 0.0001%. Expressions of results Fungal growth was determined by measuring the diameter of colony radial growth in mm. Data were recorded in triplicates after 8days of incubation at 28C, and 5-10mins laser irradiations of the coloring samples. Results were expressed as percentage difference from control (% PDC).


Depression is a common, recurrent and chronic disease with a high prevalence in the world population. It is a disease that affects the individual organism as a whole, affecting, in addition to mood, cognitive, neuroendocrine and physiological functions, impairing personal, social and laboral well-being. Depression is multifactorial (intrinsic and extrinsic etiology) and heterogeneous, because in addition of being unipolar or bipolar, there are specifiers (subtypes) of depression, each containing particuliarities in symptomathology. This review aimed to present the unipolar and bipolar depressions, as well as some of their specifiers, with their characteristics, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, associated comorbidities and etiology; also presenting the importance of being done and how we can make the differential diagnosis between unipolar and bipolar depressions.


The refractive indices of structurally well-characterized crystals of the new optically nonlinear organic crystal (S)-3-methyl-5-nitro-N-( I-phenylethyl)-2-pyridinamine have been measured from 480 to 660 nm and fitted to four-parameter Sellmeier equations with an accuracy of +/-3 x 10(-3) to +/-5 x 10(-3). The value of n(y) was accurately verified by the measurement of the external angle of incidence required, at the (101) plane, to observe type I phase matching with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The phase matching locus has been established and is of Hobden class eight. The values of the n(x), n(y), and n(z) refractive indices at 532 nm were found from the Sellmeier equations to be 1.690, 1.901, and 1.725, respectively, and their relative magnitudes are correlated with the molecular arrangement in the crystal lattice. This material is a member of a series of pyridinamines that can exhibit the phenomenon of frequency-dependent orientation of their dielectric axes. Since this compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure, rotation of the dielectric axes is precluded for symmetry reasons.


Because of the residence time of water in distribution pipelines, data that reflect residual chlorine concentrations for a given applied dose are only available after a certain time delay. Consequently, applied chlorine doses that are too high or too low are often identified too late for an operator′s reaction.A linear relationship is established between the residual chlorine at the end of pipe network and five independent variables such as chlorine doses with the application of multivariate linear regression model. A regression analysis is made based on four months′ data of distribution system in a district of the North China with the software of SAS. And the residual chlorine concentrations of April 2003 were forecasted, which was basically consistent with the actual situation. The results show that through this model the chlorine dosage can be determined and the residual chlorine can be forecasted.


ConclusionsLeast-squares analysis of optically measured displacement data for extracting fracture parameters in homogeneous and bimaterial beams is discussed. The u2-displacements measured using moiré interferometry are analyzed and fracture parameters are extracted. The feasibility of using K-dominant expressions along with the higher order terms specific to loading configuration is successfully demonstrated for the case of three-point-bending. Elasticity solution of an un-cracked beam when used as higher order terms along with K-dominant terms provide accurate measurement of stress intensity factors. The method offers an alternative for using asymptotic fields for fringe analysis wherein the number of terms needed for an accurate fracture parameter extraction is generally unknown and involves a trial and error process.


It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 20th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). The annual ACM SIGKDD conference is the premier international forum for data science, data mining, knowledge discovery and big data. It brings together researchers and practitioners from academia, industry, and government to share their ideas, research results and experiences. KDD-2014 features plenary presentations, paper presentations, poster sessions, workshops, tutorials, exhibits, and the KDD Cup competition. We are happy to announce that this year we are partnering with Bloomberg to emphasize our theme of Data Science for Social Good. To this end, part of our workshop and tutorial program will be held at the Bloomberg facilities together with Bloomberg-specific events, all focusing on issues pertaining to social good.

Today, you hear a lot about data science, big data and data intensive computing. The core of this work is extracting knowledge and useful information from data, which for science leads to beautiful insights, and for applications leads to actions, alerts and decisions. The KDD community has always been at the center of this activity and it is clear from this conference that it will continue to drive this broader field of data science.

This year we had a record number of submissions. There were 1036 submissions to the Research Track, and 151 papers were accepted. There were 197 submissions to the Industry and Government Track, and 44 papers were accepted.

KDD also has a history of inviting talks that are of broad interest to the KDD community. This year we chose to have 4 plenary talks. A program committee also selected 8 talks to present at the Industry and Government track.

A strength of the KDD conference is the number of workshops and tutorials that are co-located with it. This year there were 9 full-day workshops, 16 half-day workshops, and 12 tutorials. As part of our partnership with Bloomberg on the theme of social good, Bloomberg will have 3 workshops jointly located with our workshops at their New York Office.

Our community is a unique blend of industry and academia, ranging from people starting their career to leaders in their respective fields. This year, we are piloting programs to facilitate networking amongst these groups. Specifically, we have a networking lounge for industry and job-seekers to meet and we helped find good matches. We also have a networking event focused on defining what a data science career looks like and have senior members meet young people to help them understand the skills needed and what a job in this discipline might entail.


T-shirts that can snap photos may one day be possible, thanks to the creation of an optical fiber that can detect images.


The study adopted descriptive survey research design to establish factors contributing to Dropout in Secondary Schools in Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County. The population was 380 teachers and 2653 Form Three students in 44 secondary schools. The study employed stratified random sampling, proportionate sampling and simple random sampling to obtain a sample size of 85 teachers and 151 students Data collected was coded and analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics namely; frequency counts, percentages and means facilitated by the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 11.5 for windows. It was established that the factors contributing to drop out were poor academic performance, pregnancy, forcing students to repeat, substance abuse and failure to pay other school levies. The study recommends: Building of information systems that can pinpoint students at risk of dropping out, in service programs for teachers, investing in reducing class size and student: counselor ratio, Initiation and development of a mix of communication channels.


Parallel kinematics with multi degrees-of-freedom (DOF), like hexapod-systems, are mostly used in applications where high demands on position accuracy are required and/or high accelerations are needed. Adequate control concepts are essential in order to achieve the desired dynamic response. This paper deals with a comparative study of two structural different control concepts applied on a parallel robot with six degrees-of-freedom. The first one is a decentral linear approach and the second one is a multivariable nonlinear approach. The two concepts are presented and implemented on an experimental hexapod-system. In order to verify the used dynamic model comparisons between simulation and measurement results are shown. Finally, experiments have been carried out to compare the control laws with respect to their motion tracking performance.© 2003 ASME


A kind of modified organic silicon with functional group as water-soluble surfactant was synthesized from ~#204 water-soluble silicone fluid(204-Si),γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) and toluene diisocyanate(TDI) by reacting at 70~75 ℃ in the absence of solvent for 3.5~4.0 h.Then,a series of water solutions of the functional surfactant were made by dispersing emulsification at high speed.Structures of the samples were characterized by FTIR,and the surface tension,light transmittance and viscosity of the functional surfactant solution were tested.The results showed that the modified organic silicon can react with base materials by cross-linking reaction,and based on different content of functional group,the surface tension can be reduced to 20.00~25.00 N/m when w(functional surfactant)=1.0%.Maximum adsorption of the functional surfactant on log pulp fabric reached 62.5% when w(FSAA)=0.5%.Whether in flask test or in pilot-plant production,satifactory results were obtained.


Background. Increased ROS accumulates oxidative stress which can be measured by increasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing eNOS level. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) kombucha contains antioxidants, especially polyphenols that reduce ROS and prevent endothelial damage. This study aimed to determine the benefits of green tea kombucha in preventing increasing MDA and decreasing eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine electric cigarette vapor.
Methods. A randomized pretest-posttest control group study was conducted in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 2-3 months, weighing 150-200 grams. Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into negative, control, and three treatment groups that were given 0.5ml, 1 ml and 2 ml of green tea kombucha (1 hour before exposure to cigarette vapors). Before treatment, MDA and eNOS level were measured. After 14 days, posttest MDA and eNOS were tested and a comparative analysis were performed.
Results. Pre-post MDA levels showed significant differences (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the results of eNOS comparative test showed the average in the posttest group had a significant difference (p<0.05). Post Hoc test analysis showed treatment group 1 and 2 had significantly different mean eNOS levels compared to the control group (p<0.05), indicating 1ml green tea kombucha prevents increasing MDA levels and 0.5 and 1 ml prevents decreasing eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine electric cigarette vapor.
Conclusions. Administration of green tea kombucha prevents an increase in MDA and decrease in eNOS in male Wistar rats exposed to nicotine e-cigarette vapor.

Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Kombucha, eNOS, Malondialdehyde, electric cigarette.


Festival tradition is an important part and the essence of Chinese traditional culture that bears profound Chinese national emotion.Festival tradition is a fulfillment of people's spiritual needs,a contribution to the power that holds together the whole nation and a fruit of Chinese people's wisdom.Under the impact of the contact of western and native cultures,there is insufficient media attention to traditional culture and the monotonous customs of traditional festivals lack attractiveness to young people.And when there is inadequate education of traditional Chinese festival,the legacy of Chinese festival tradition is diminishing on the part of Chinese youth.To effectively remedy this situation,efforts should be made from the aspects of legislation,media,school education and self education.


HIV-2 is a new retrovirus which may produce AIDS and has been mainly described in individuals from West Africa. More than 400 cases have been reported in France and Portugal while in Spain very few cases of HIV-2 infection have been reported; few studies have been made concerning the prevalence of the disease. The multicenter study analyzes the prevalence of HIV-2 infection in subjects from different risk groups in Spain and evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of different methodologies. The presence of HIV-2 antibodies was analyzed in 902 serum samples of high risk individuals collected in 1990 from 386 drug addicts 246 nondrug addict-prostitutes 184 West Africans and 86 homo/bisexual individuals. These samples were from Barcelona Sevilla and Malaga. The detection of antibodies was carried out by enzymatic immunoanalysis (EIA) Western blot (WB) and an enzymoimmuno-dot (EID) designed with synthetic peptides. Positive serology only for HIV-2 was detected in 7 samples from African immigrants. 2 drug addicts presented double reactivity (HIV-1/HIV-2) in all tests suggesting double infection. No prostitutes or homo/bisexual males were identified with positive serology for HIV-2. Crossreactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 was more frequently detected in WB than in EID. Greater discordance was found in the results obtained by EIA WB and EID in the West Africans than in the analysis of the samples from native subjects. This study demonstrates that for the time being HIV-2 infection in Spain is rare; however among immigrants from endemic areas subjects with risk behaviors for transmission to the autochthonous population have been identified. The use of techniques designed with synthetic peptides may be of use in discriminating HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in positive samples by EIA and WB which use a viral lysate as antigenic material. (authors modified) (summaries in SPA ENG)


The paper attempts to show how some adaptive polarisation techniques can achieve a good suppression of intentional polarised noise by examining several closed-loop cancellers. In par- ticular, a novel adaptive polarisation device, called a 'multinotch polarisation canceller' (MLP-SAPC), is proposed and compared with a single-notch polarisation device (SAPC). The performances of these devices are evaluated through their oper- ation when processing a limited set of experimen- tal data, acquired by means of an ATC-R radar system capable of dual polarisation reception. The results obtained indicate that better target-to- jamming ratio improvements are achieved when MTI-preprocessing is carried out on the signals at the input of the diversity polarisation devices and when the multinotch polarisation adaptive can- celler is used instead of the single-notch model.


Drawing on an innovative, representative survey of workers in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City, the authors analyze minimum wage, overtime, and other workplace violations in the low-wage labor market. They document significant interindustry variation in both the mix and the prevalence of violations, and they show that while differences in workforce composition are important in explaining that variation, differences in job and employer characteristics play the stronger role. The authors suggest that industry noncompliance rates are shaped by both product market and institutional characteristics, which together interact with labor supply and the current weak penalty and enforcement regime in the United States. They close with a research agenda for this still-young field, framing noncompliance as an emerging strategy in the reorganization of work and production at the bottom of the U.S. labor market.


To meet the technical requirement of the production of diesel engine cylinder block " Dongfanghong 100" series,a series experiments were conducted by self-made vermicular agent and new vermicularizing treating process.The step samples and Y-block were poured for mechanical properties test and the graphite morphology observation.The relations between vermicularizing effect,chemical composition and mechanical properties were analyzed in different process.The results indicate that 50%-80% vermicular graphite with 0.018%-0.025% magnesium and 0.035%-0.069%rare-earth element remains can be obtained by crushing 1.0%-1.6%self-made vermicular agent;then even distribution of compacted graphite,380-420 MPa tensile strength and excellent casting performance also can be achieved in this method,which provides theoretical principle to the successful production of compacted graphite iron.


In this paper, based on least square method and matrix theory upbuild a quadrature least square method of parallelism error assess.


In this paper we present how an open object-oriented database model can be used for modelling argumentative networks utilized by an authoring system in a hypermedia environment. The concepts of our open object-oriented data model are presented and an example of an argumentative schema represented as a hypermedia network is given. The paper shows how the concepts of the data model, especially the concept of metaclasses, can be employed in order to specify the semantics of the primitive constituents of an argumentative network and to tailor the data model for these specific needs.


The invention relates to a cooled gas turbine aircraft engine turbines and more particularly to devices for supplying cooling air to turbine rotor blades. The technical result of the utility model is to reduce the air in the flow part of the axial gap leaks, the pressure increase at the inlet of the cooling impeller channels and hence increase the cooling performance of rotor blades, and the pressure increase in preddiskovoy cavity turbine reduces the resultant axial force of the turbocharger, and is beneficial to the resource compressor bearing support. The stated technical result is achieved in that the device for cooling the turbine wheel, comprising an impeller with cooling channels formed in the form of a disc mounted thereon the rotor blades, the unit spins, the nozzles of which are directed in an impeller rotation direction at an angle 10 ° <α < 30 °, the cavity formed between the apparatus and the disk spins, as well as the air cavity bounded by the inner housing to the nozzle unit spins. The novelty of the utility model is that the nozzle is further rotated at an angle of 0 ° <α <60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the engine.


Historic monuments were one of the vehicles of modern nation building in the nineteenth century. Their role could turn out to be even more exposed in an ethnically mixed territory of central and central-eastern Europe. For the turn of the twentieth-century Polish inhabitants of the capital of the Austrian crown land of Galicia, urban secular historic architecture proved to be such a key tool. The Old Town of Lviv, in itself witness of a centuries-old multi-ethnic and multi-cultural tradition, became the basis for a modern nation-building project, in which local and regional Polish character administrative bodies and social institutions were involved. The project relied on the strengthening of national identity among Lviv's inhabitants by means of securing the 'Polish character' of the Old Town, which amounted to reinventing it anew.


An engine control system includes a module for a desired manifold absolute pressure (target-MAP), a MAP torque module, a threshold value determination module and a module for a fuel economy mode (FE mode). The target-MAP module determines a target MAP for the operation of an engine in a cylinder deactivation mode or in a low-lift mode based on a difference between a target low pressure and an air pressure upstream of a throttle valve. The MAP torque module determines a desired torque output of the engine to operate in the cylinder deactivation mode or in the mode with low lift based on the desired MAP. The threshold determination module determines a starting torque based on the target torque output. The module for the FE-mode solves the operation in the cylinder deactivation mode or in the low-lift mode based on a comparison of the initial torque and a torque request from selectively.


An updated description of infonomist is presented. To do this, we first recover the original proposal of infonomist (and infonomy), sketched by Cornella in 1998. Second, we collect and discuss definitions of the term published subsequently. Finally, we present a description of an infonomist, taking into account the current context: the combination of scientific knowledge on information currently dispersed in various disciplines, the evolution of the meaning of information in scientific discourse and in colloquial speech, and the positioning of various actors and groups. This discussion establishes a selection of potential challenges for future development and strengthening of the concept of infonomist in both academic and professional environments.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the parental perspective of the former small school initiative at Euclid High School as compared to the traditional large high school setting. Small school researchers have argued that smaller schools are better environments for educating children (Cotton, 1996). However, in the research on small schools the literature neglects to substantially examine the perspective of parents. Parental satisfaction and support are key elements of a school districts ability to successfully educate children. Therefore, schools that are considering transitioning to or eliminating small school settings should take the parental view into consideration when implementing changes. This study uses a mixed method design to gain insight on the parents' perception of school size and its impact on the academic environment, the school atmosphere, and relationships within the high school. The study commenced with a questionnaire being distributed to approximately 300 parents. There was a 14% response rate for the questionnaires. The second phase of the study utilized a case study approach with individual interviews of 10 participants. All of the quantitative and qualitative data collected were analyzed and compared in order to form final results. Several findings showed favorable perceptions towards small schools, consistent with much of the previous research on small schools. However, the


Background: Both nasal and oral routes can be used for fiberoptic intubation. Often it leads to hemodynamic disturbances, which may have a significant effect in patients with limited cardiopulmonary reserve as well as with cerebrovascular diseases. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate whether there is a clinically relevant difference between the circulatory responses to oral and nasal fiberoptic intubation. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, randomized, and comparative study. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 90 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologist physical status I and II of either sex in the age group of 18–60 years and having anticipated difficult airway (DA) posted for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients underwent fiberoptic intubation via either oral or nasal route under sevoflurane anesthesia with bispectral index guidance. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), time taken to intubation, and need of maneuver were measured. Statistical Analysis Used: All the analyses were carried out on SPSS 16.0 version (Inc., Chicago, USA). Mean and standard deviation were calculated. The test of analysis between two groups was done by unpaired t-test. Results: Demographic and DA characteristics were similar in both the groups. Significantly (P < 0.01) lesser alteration in HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP was seen in oral fiberoptic intubation when compared to nasal fiberoptic intubation in the early phase of postintubation. Time taken to intubation was also significantly (P < 0.01) lesser in the oral route compared to the nasal route. Conclusions: Oral fiberoptic intubation causes less hemodynamic alteration and takes less time in comparison to nasal fiberoptic intubation.


A method of preparing a low compression set of polyurethane microcellular elastomers, belonging to the field of preparation of a microporous elastomeric material. Not solve the problem of compression set properties of the polyurethane microcellular elastomer prepared by methods conventional in the. The polymer polyol which is reacted with p-xylylene diisocyanate at 70 ~ 80 ℃, obtain a prepolymer, said prepolymer -NCO group content ≤6.2%; and polyhydroxy compound, a blowing agent , catalyst 1, catalyst 2 and surfactant mixture to give a chain extender, then the resulting prepolymer and the chain extender, stir to give mixed material, curing the mixed material, the release, after vulcanization, to obtain a low compression permanent deformation polyurethane microcellular elastomer. Polyurethane microcellular elastomer prepared by the present invention is the static compression set up to 0.53%.


Web-based tools are often used to support software development processes. Many of these tools are aimed toward a development process that relies implicitly on particular supported roles and activities. Developers may already understand how the tool operates; however, developers do not understand or adhere to a development process supported (or implied) by the tools. This paper proposes a preliminary formal model of roles and activities in one aspect of software development, namely the problem reporting process, and describes both a standards-based process and a well-known tool with respect to its support for their respective processes. An alternative is proposed for modeling problem status that is based on the analysis of process roles.


This study discusses the effectiveness of marketing management in increasing consumers of Nelongso Fried Chicken restaurants in Bangkalan. The purpose of this research is to find out how the effectiveness of marketing management is in improving the nelongso Fried Chicken restaurant in Bangkalan. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection methods carried out in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, technical analysis of data in three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. After the authors conducted data analysis, a result was found from the effectiveness of marketing management in increasing consumers of Nelongso Fried Chicken restaurants in Bangkalan implementing 4P, namely: (1) product, by providing a menu of food and drinks with various menus with different tastes, (2) price , by setting prices that consumers can reach, (3) place, providing a comfortable place and having complete facilities, (4) promotion, using various social media and consumers, namely word of mouth.


Based on the available 3D modelling technology, virtual reality technology and multimedia technology, paper introduced a 3D reconstruction and exploration system of Anyang Yinxu - world natural & cultural heritage. The applied techniques are 3D modelling technique based on stereo photo-pairs, virtual display technique based on CA VE, explore technique based on virtual animation, and scene interaction control technique based on VRML nodes. It provides a series of new ideas and methods for archaeology research and virtual exploration.


This paper describes the preparation and characterization of nanoscaled M-MOF-74/CPO-27-M (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn) materials at room temperature. Some of the so-formed crystals are the smallest ones of any metal–organic framework (MOF) material (and, to the best of our knowledge, of any microporous material) ever reported. They are at the limit of being able to diffract, particularly those forming the Co- and Ni-MOF-74 samples. Consequently, unequivocal identification as the crystalline MOF-74 phase was deduced by combining other characterization techniques rather than powder X-ray diffraction. These small crystals are unstable as isolated ones, so they form steady and robust aggregates, whose mechanical properties strongly depend on the crystal size. The particles that result from the "fusion" of nanocrystals smaller than 10 nm (more properly denoted as nanodomains) could not be disaggregated by conventional ultrasonic and graining techniques. On the contrary, agglomerates of crystals larger than 10 ...


The Enhanced General Packet Radio Services is one of the proposals submitted to the IMT-2000 initiative of the ITU for third-generation wireless services. EGPRS is also the evolutionary path chosen by the Universal Wireless Communications Consortium, leading toward the convergence of GSM and IS-136 standards for their next-generation wireless systems. We discuss the feasibility of supporting integrated services, such as packet voice, Web browsing, and best-effort data, using EGPRS. We first describe the relevant capabilities offered by the currently proposed standard, and then outline additional capabilities at the radio link control/medium access control layer that are necessary to support integrated services in a spectrally efficient manner. In summary, these needed capabilities are: fast uplink access during an ongoing session; fast resource assignment for both uplink and downlink; and the ability to differentiate services at the base station subsystem. To realize these capabilities, we propose enhancements to the RLC/MAC layer. These enhancements include a new set of packet control channels (namely, a fast packet access channel in the uplink, and a fast packet access grant channel and a fast packet polling channel in the downlink); uplink access protocols that utilize these control channels; and a modified fast uplink access channel structure. These changes would enable EGPRS to offer a wide range of services through a single packet-based network. Similar ideas are also applicable to other third-generation systems.


A radiation source was developed by compressing potassium chloride powder containing naturally occurring potassium-40radioisotopes into disks.To examine the performance of the method of compressing and forming potassium chloride powder into disks,thirteen disk-shaped radiation sources were fabricated from potassium chloride and then examined with regard to their weight,mass density,thickness,and radioactivity.The obtained results show that multiple uniform radiation sources can be simultaneously fabricated by means of the method with sufficiently low production dependences and without the requirement of special skills or techniques. Next,the dependences of the count rate of the potassium chloride radiation source on distance,shielding thickness, and shielding materials were examined,the count rate being measured using a conventional GM survey meter.The obtained results show that the potassium chloride radiation source can be used to enable better comprehension of the characteristics of radiation,particularly,those related to the distance dependence of radiation and radiation shielding.


The article is devoted to the study of the agrarian development of the regions of Ukraine by the methods of financial analysis. The features of the formation of the information base of financial analysis for the implementation of high-quality data processing are reflected. The latter include indicators of the production and financial activities of the agrarian sector of the economy in terms of the structure of industries, productivity indicators, the efficiency of agricultural activities, and fiscal budgetary levers for the formation of financial resources in the region. For the rating assessment of the agrarian development of the regions, the algorithm of the index method was used, in which the ratio (index) of each indicator of the region with the average value for Ukraine by groups of indicators is estimated. The integral production index was calculated for a group of indicators of productivity and wages, production costs. It is determined that according to the statistics of 2018-2020 the rating of agrarian development of the regions of Ukraine according to certain indicators is headed by Cherkasy, Vinnytsia and Kyiv regions. In order to deepen the methodology of financial analysis, a group of performance indicators for supporting agricultural production from local budgets and lending with the participation of the state, as well as payments from the Regional Development Fund was used to calculate the integral index of financial support in a time lag close to the first integral index. The rating in terms of support indicators is headed by Chernivtsi, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. The comparison of ratings in terms of production and financial support of the regions of Ukraine made it possible to reveal the trend that the regions with the most unstable production are better financed, with a certain dependence on the number of farms and their land area, in particular, in the terms of lending volumes. This is probably the Pareto principle, according to which 20% of regions receive 80% of funding. The selection of indicators for the purposes of financial analysis is confirmed by a significant degree of probability and corresponds to the hypothesis put forward about the statistical relationship between state financial support and the state of the agrarian economy of the regions of Ukraine. It has been established that the financial analysis is a powerful tool for forecasting and choosing management options at the level of agrarian development policy in the regions of Ukraine and requires expanding the methodology for its implementation. Modern products of attracting IT-technologies for financial analysis are described. The practical value of the study lies in expanding the indicators of the index method for the purposes of financial analysis of agricultural development at the regional level and clarifying its methodological components in the context of digitalization of the economy.


Using impinging steam-rotating packed bed(IS-RPB),ultrafineβ-Cu powder was synthesized from CuSO_4·5H_2O and β-H as primary substances by high gravity reactive precipitation method.The TEM,laser size analysis(LSA),BET and TG-DTG techniques were used to characterize the product.Effects of the operation conditions of rotational speed,impact velocity and post-treatment conditions on the average particle size of β-Cu were also studied systematically.The results show that the operation conditions are optimized as: rotational speed,1000r/min,impact velocity,28m/s and vacuum desiccation temperature,100℃.Under the above-mentioned conditions the sheet β-Cu particles with size of 0.12μm to 0.363μm,an average particle size of 610nm and a specific surface area of 11.6265m~2/g are obtained.


This paper analyzes the reliability of cyber-physical energy systems with the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) and renewable distributed generation (DG) units. ICT architecture including multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems that communicate with DG units and storage systems through ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) is proposed for cyber-physical energy systems. Reliability for URLLC is analyzed by measuring bit-error rate and signal to noise ratio performance metrics. The results show that more reliable and sustainable energy can be supplied to consumers with the integration of ICT and renewable DGs into the electrical power grid.


Globalist solution proposals for global public goods, which have both non-rivalry and non-excludability properties as well as cross-border externalities, emphasize collective action in the provision of these goods. However, the practice of the COVID-19 pandemic shows that the solution to such a global problem is not so global. This situation necessitates a re-evaluation of the concept of global public goods. The COVID-19 pandemic is a public bad, and efforts to combat the pandemic are an example of a public good. The global consequences of the said global public good also affected other global public goods, and these effects required the determination of priorities in the protection decisions. The policies of governments, caught between economic recession, political crises and health crises, have lagged far behind the globalist solution proposals of the global public goods theory. For this reason, the aim of the study is to determine that although the problem in the COVID-19 pandemic is global, its solution can remain at the national level and to re-evaluate the concept of global public goods within this framework. In the study, after conceptual explanations, first the externality relations between global public goods, and then the search for non-global solutions to the global COVID-19 problem (mask wars between countries, tension in international relations, disinformation processes in order not to take responsibility, the increase in distrust in international organizations, and global inequality created by patenting and pricing of vaccines) are explained.


The phenomenon of unequal subsidence and local cracking in a factory building is caused by mining of much groundwater from the manual excavated piles in a building ground nearby The static premoulded pile is adopted to strengthen ground base and control subsidence


Herein, we report a detailed periodic DFT investigation of Mn(II)-based [(Mn 4 Cl) 3 (BTT) 8 ] 3- ( BTT 3- =1,3,5- benzenetristetrazolate) metal-organic framework (MOF) to explore various hydrogen binding pockets, nature of MOF…H 2 interactions, magnetic coupling and, H 2 uptake capacity. Earlier experiments found an uptake capacity of 6.9 wt % of H 2, with the heat of adsorption estimated to be ~ 10 kJ/mol, which is one among the highest for any MOFs reported. Our calculations unveil different binding sites with computed binding energy varying from -6 to -15 kJ/mol. The binding of H 2 at the Mn 2+ site is found to be the strongest (the site I), with H 2 found to bind Mn 2+ ion in a η 2 fashion with a distance of 2.27 Å  and binding energy of -15.4 kJ/mol. The average binding energy computed for these four sites put together is 9.6 kJ/mol, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of ~10 kJ/mol. The magnetic coupling was found to alter only marginally upon gas binding, suggesting that both exchange interaction and the spin-states are unlikely to play a role in the H 2 uptake. This is contrary to the O 2 uptake studied lately, where strong dependence on exchange-coupling/spin state was witnessed, suggesting exchange-coupling/magnetic field dependent binding as a viable route for gas separation.


Kazunori ARITA, M.D., Tohru UOZUMI, M.D., Satoshi KUWABARA,M.D., Shuichi OK!, M.D., Toshinori NAKAHARA, M.D., Hiroaki KOHNO, M.D., Zainal-MUTTAQIN, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine (Received 23 January 1991, Accepted 19 July 1991) Abstract The authors evaluate the usefulness of transcranial Doppler (TCD) examination in Intracranial hypertension and brain death, on the basis of an experiment using a feline intracranial hypertension model and, on clinical studies. The vanishing end-diastolic pattern of TCD is believed to show the critical point of intracranial hypertension. Experimentally, the vanishing end-diastolic pattern was observed at a cerebral perfusion pressure of approximately 50mmHg, accompanied by severe suppression in electroencephalography. In severe head injury patients, the absence of end-diastolic flow in TCD gives a forewarning of a potential fatal prognosis. In eleven brain death cases, which satisfied the criteria of Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry's committee, TCD examination demonstrated one of the classical patterns of virtual cessation of cerebral blood flow (zero, systolic spike, or to and fro) with a sensitivity response of 91%. Doppler signals from the superficial temporal artery and internal maxillary artery, which resemble signals of the middle cerebral artery, must be differentiated, in order to avoid the danger of misinterpretation.


This work deals with the study of the basic acoustic properties of five expanded loose granular materials (cork, perlite, clay, vermiculite and glass) as a function of granular size distributions and thickness. Direct measurements of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient were conducted in the impedance tube based on the transfer method. In addition numerical inverse estimation of the main quantities involved in most outstanding acoustic model of porous materials (b. e. flow resistivity, tortuosity and porosity) was performed using constrained global nelder Mead algorithm. For a given grains size, results show that the expanded perlite and glass exhibit the best absorption performances.


The paper analyzes type steel 48T bearing Failure mode of Laiwu Steel Group,By changing the bearing clearance,assembly methods and lubrication conditions,it is to reduce bearing failure.


Water injection from nozzles of RAM C spacecraft models in hypersonic wind tunnels to study ion sheath penetration characteristics of spray


Applying the method of sociological law,this paper discusses the justice of water-right disputes in modern China,which include civil justice and justice pertaining to criminal trial.Of the two kinds,the former cases were judged by ordinary civil procedure and the latter were done by the procedure of criminal trial.The officials of counties and stages judged most cases of water-right disputes.When the officials judged the cases,they used customs and local statutes.As for the enforcement of verdict,it includes the enforcement of substantiality and non-substantiality.The enforcement of non-substantiality is more important than that of substantiality.


Protein contact dermatitis, described is "gut eczema" or "fat eczema" by slaughterhouse workers. was first described it decade ago and presents as an itching, vesicular eczema on the hands and fingers, a few hours after contact with animal material, especially gut material. In a cross‐sectional study of 144 slaughterhouse workers, a cumulative prevalence of current and anamnestic case of protein contact dermatitis of 22% was found, with (lie highest prevalence in workers eviscerating and cleansing gut. The scratch patch lest was the only skin lest showing positive results in workers with protein contact dermatitis, positive reactions being found, however, in less than half the cases.


Investigation on the taxonomical, morphological, karyological of the endemic Aubrieta canescens ssp. canescens Bornm. growing in Turkey was carried out. Data were obtained at the flowering and fruiting times of populations. The sampling was made from various locations in each year from 2012 to 2014. In morphological studies, description of the endemic taxon stated in the Flora of Turkey revised in the light of detailed evaluations of many specimens, and features exclusive to the taxon. Additionally, images were taken about the seed's surface of different taxa by using Scanning Electron Microscope micromorphologically. Structures of the stem, root and leaf cross-sections were examined in anatomical studies. In karyological studies, the chromosome number of the taxon was found as 2n = 16 (x = 8) and consisted karyotype formula of taxon as five median, two submedian, one subtelocentric and one telocentric chromosome pairs. In general, the physical features of the soil and live together taxa of the examined taxon were investigated ecologically. This study is the first one where morphological (macro and micro), anatomical, karyological and ecological features of endemic Aubrieta canescens subsp. canescens was carried out. According to IUCN criteria, risk category of the taxon was also identified.


Nicotinic acid was given to starving subjects. An increase of HGH was confirmed after inhibition of lipolysis. The later overshoot of plasma FFA was accompanied by rising T3-test values. The level of insulin increased frequently too. Plasma cortisol varied irregularly during the experiments. Attempts to demonstrate high adipokinetic activity in serum at the time of high plasma FFA level proved unsuccessful. Rather small variations were observed in the level of serum α-aminonitrogen and urea and could be secondary to the changes in HGH and insulin. The results lend support to the assumption that plasma FFA may interfere with the plasma levels of HGH, insulin, and free thyroxine in man.


Objective:A method has been established for the determination of Ferulic acid in health food by high performance liquid chromatography.Methods:The separation was carried out on a Xterra RP18(4.6×250 mm,5 μm) RP-column with 2487 UV detection at 322 nm,the mobile phase were acetonitrile and 0.5% acetic acid(28:72 v/v) with the flow rate at 1.0 ml/min.Results:When the ferulic was at 0.005 μg/ml~80 μg/ml,the perfect linearity between concentration and peak area ratio was obtained(r=0.9999).The detection limit was 5.0 μg/L,the recovery was 98.0%~100.8% and the RSD for the within-run precision was between 1.10%~1.81%.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid and accurate,so that can be used for the determination of Ferulic acid in health food.


This paper proposes a hierarchical organization of a distributed, parallel and heterogeneous computer system based on the Sequential Codelet Model. It defines a Hybrid Dataflow/von Neumann architecture which enables parallel execution of sequentially defined Codelets at a multi-hierarchical organization of the system. This architecture takes advantage of instruction level parallelism techniques based on dataflow analysis, allowing implicit parallel execution of code. We present the SuperCodelet Architecture. We describe the program execution model and its corresponding programming model, and provide an evaluation of its program execution model through a prototype emulator based on commodity computer systems.


In support of an ongoing U.S. Navy alternative fuel evaluation program, the combustion characteristics of two very different alternative diesel fuels were evaluated in a direct-injection marine diesel engine across a variety of speeds and loads. The fuels were an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel fuel (HRD) with cetane number of ∼75 and a synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) with cetane number of ∼25. These fuels were experimentally tested as blends with conventional petroleum-based military diesel fuel (designated F-76) with cetane ≈ 46, giving a cetane number range from 25 to 75. Start of injection (SOI) was characterized using a strain gauge to determine actuation of the mechanical unit injector; SOI remained essentially unchanged for changes in fuel type. As expected based on cetane number, ignition delay (IGD) increased with greater amounts of SPK fuel and decreased for greater amounts of HRD fuel in the test blend. Energy release analysis showed that longer IGD led consistently to slightly ad...


Instead of the axiom of choice, we assume that every set of reals has the Baire property. It is shown that under this condition the concept of slenderness known from the theory of abelian groups becomes meaningful for vector spaces. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 03E60, 03E75, 20K25, 54E52


Last year saw the passing of the Communications Act, a measure which is likely to change the face of broadcasting in Britain quite as drastically, perhaps even more so, than the Broadcasting Act 1990. The enactment of this particular piece of legislation was the culmination of a lengthy process which kicked off in 1998 with the publication of the Green Paper Regulating Communications, which was followed in 2000 by the White Paper A New Future for Communications. The Draft Communications Bill was published in 2002; this was then subjected to pre-legislative scrutiny by a Joint Committee of the two Houses, chaired by David Puttnam, which published its report later in the year. As a result, the Bill was partially re-drafted; it was then presented to Parliament, which passed it in 2003. As someone who was involved, at that time as a media journalist, in the battles around the Broadcasting Bill in the late 1980s, I had an overwhelming sense of deja vu (or, rather, deja lu), when Regulating Communications appeared in 1998. Now, though, I was back in academia, but still equally concerned with matters of media policy and regulation, and keen to involve myself in the processes of consultation and lobbying which I knew lay ahead. However, over the next five years, it was not primarily as an academic that I found myself involved but, rather, as the Chair of the Campaign for Press and Broadcasting Freedom, and thus, in turn, as part of a loose alliance of NGOs and trade unions opposed to the Bill's neo-liberal thrust. Fellow media academics were conspicuously thin on the ground, and of the tiny handful who poured enormous effort into trying to influence the Bill's contents, the majority, in my view, did their most effective work under the auspices of bodies such as the Voice of the Listener and Viewer, the Campaign for Quality Television and the Third World and Environment Broadcasting Project. And now it's consultation time yet again, with the run-up to BBC charter renewal and Ofcom consulting in all directions. Once more the


Nanometer‐sized Au dots have been fabricated on p‐type Si(111) substrates by field‐induced transfer of tip material in a scanning tunneling microscope, thus forming a nanometer Schottky contact. Positioning the scanning tunneling microscope tip on a very tiny dot (10–15 nm in diameter), equidistant steps with a spacing of several 100 mV and regions with negative differential resistance are observed in the current–voltage characteristic. Numerical simulations confirm that the determinant capacitance between tip and Au dot falls in the 10−19 F range, implying that the origin of the monitored step structure can be interpreted to arise from single‐electron tunnel effects (Coulomb staircase). As the nanometer Schottky contact forms a not well‐insulating configuration, the development of negative differential resistance might be explained by a leaking of excess carriers from the dot to the immediate surroundings.


Defining the research parameters -- Aims and structure -- Our sources : a word of caution -- Geography -- Through inculturation to Chinese Christianity -- Accommodation and inculturation -- Japan's hidden Christians -- The evolution of Chinese Christianity -- Christian missions and popular religious culture -- The philosophical background -- Christianity and the Manchurian elite -- Late imperial Christianity : popular cult or alien creed? -- Filial sons and a world of demons -- Ancestral tablets and auspicious inscriptions -- Interaction with other movements -- Peasant millenarianism and Christian theology -- Guilt, sin, universal harmony -- Healing and black magic -- Death and afterlife -- Materialism and superstition : attitudes towards religious discipline -- Matrimony and filial duty -- Inherited identity in Christian villages -- Itinerant Christians, private religious practice, and the interest of the state -- A protective father : official perceptions of Christian and government -- Action against sectarian movements -- The philosophical basis for anti-heresy campaigns -- The Confucian order and the importance of family ties -- State-sanctioned orthodoxy and heresy -- Christianity as target : a chronology of state action -- The Yongzheng Edict of 1724 -- The Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns (1736-1821) -- The Adeodato Affair and the Persecution of 1805 -- The Persecution of 1811 and its aftermath -- Relaxation of anti-Christian state action during the Daoguang period -- The perplexed official : Christianity as heterodox mystery -- The official description of heresy -- Heretical writings -- Christianity as internal menace -- Between social control and official paranoia -- Poverty and persecution -- The state versus Christian heresy -- Christianity as alien intrusion -- Conclusion : Chinese Christianity and the fear of heresy.


OBJECTIVE Hypercaicaemia of malignancy (HM) is a common metabolic complication associated with cancer. The hypocaicaemic effects of medications used to reduce serum calcium levels in HM are short lived and relapse in hypercaicaemia is not uncommon. Pamidronate is one of the most commonly used bisphosphonates in the treatment of HIM but there are no specific guidelines for the frequency of use of this drug in recurrent hypercalcaemia. This study was conducted to assess the optimum frequency of pamidronate therapy necessary to maintain normocalcaemia in patients with HM.


The physicochemical environmental factors affecting atopic dermatitis were investigated by regional groups, and classified by characteristics in this study. The environmental factors affecting indoor air quality(IAQ) were studied, and the IAQ and water quality in other region based on control group,...


Escherichia coli has been detected in a variety of foods, particularly in salad vegetables, such as diced cucumbers. However, it is difficult to control this pathogen in salad vegetables, because they are consumed without additional preparation or cooking. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop dynamic models to describe the kinetic behavior of E. coli in diced cucumber. The diced cucumber was inoculated with E. coli, and stored at 10°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C; cells counts were then performed using Petrifilm™ plates. The Baranyi model was used to calculate lag phase duration (LPD; h) and maximum specific growth rate (µmax.; log CFU/g/h). These parameters were then fitted to a polynomial model, as a function of temperature, and a subsequent dynamic model was developed in accordance with these primary and secondary models. The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing predicted data with observed data to calculate the root mean square error (RMSE). As temperature increased, LPD decreased, but µmax increased. The secondary model effectively described the temperature effect on LPD and µmax, where R2 equaled 0.972-0.983. In the validation stage, an RMSE value of 0.272 suggested that model performance was appropriate to predict cell counts in diced cucumber, and these predictions remained appropriate under changing temperatures. These results indicate that E. coli can grow rapidly in diced cucumber at high storage temperatures, and present a useful dynamic model for describing the kinetic behavior of E. coli in this vegetable.


Providing resource security for one group of stakeholders frequently entails loss of a certain degree of resource security for another group of stakeholders. The competing interests of winners and losers, and the 'public good' nature of many resource uses, makes it challenging to provide resource security in a benign and equitable manner. Power relations are key in determining compensation outcomes, and in particular the importance of countervailing power, in the absence of autonomous institutions with regulatory authority. When one group has overwhelming market power, or political power or a combination of the two, that group's interest will drive the outcome, regardless of the technical principles of compensation. The article demonstrates through examples how the dynamics of countervailing power works in the national context and in the global context. It also highlights the usefulness of autonomous institutions with jurisdiction over resource security issues. Institutions can protect the interest of stakeholders who do not have either economic power or political power.


In this paper, the far-field operator for scattering from a penetrable elastic body or an absorbing obstacle in two-dimensional linear elasticity is considered. The longitudinal and transverse far-field patterns are presented and a mathematical analysis for the transmission problem and its weak solution is established. We prove normality of the far-field operator F for the transmission case, and an analysis for its spectrum is presented. We also study the case of an absorbing obstacle, where the far-field operator no longer remains normal and basic results for the eigenvalues of F are also established. We discuss an inversion algorithm for the shape reconstruction of a penetrable obstacle from knowledge of the scattered elastic field generated by a given P and S incident wave. In particular, the improved variant of the linear sampling method (LSM), the so-called (F*F)1/4-method is extended to the two-dimensional elastic transmission case. Numerical reconstructions for penetrable bodies are also given, illustrating the applicability of the method.


The asymmetric reduction of ketone oximes and their O-tetrahydropyranyl and O-methyl derivatives with the lithium aluminium hydride–3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-α-D-glucofuranose complex yields optically active amines of up to 56% optical purity. The stereoselectivities obtained from reduction of the O-substituted oximes were similar to those from the reduction of the free oximes. All the resulting amines have the S-configuration and this method may be used in determining the absolute configurations of amines. Asymmetric reduction with the ethanol-modified glucofuranose complex gives optically active amines of the R-configuration.


In this paper one of approaches to parametric identification of plants with distributed parameters is considered. The approach is based on the exponential modulation method (EMM). This method, originally developed for objects with lumped parameters and described by rational transfer functions, is extended for identification of plants described by irrational transfer functions. As an example, the process of radiation heating of the solid is considered for various boundary conditions. Identification is carried out according to the noisy transition processes. The comparison of the transients at the outputs of the object and model is given.


Vocational training is one of the important ways to strengthen the construction of cadres.According to the new situation cadre training characteristics and related policy,it has important practical significance.to construct politics training system,innovate in politics training system and improve the politics training quality.


Several new kinds of generalized B-invexity and generalized invariant B-monoton- icity are introduced for non-differentiable functions. The relations among (quasi) B-preinvexity, (pseudo, quasi) B-invexity and invariant (pseudo, quasi) B-monotonicity are studied by using the Clarke's subdifferential of non-differentiable functions and a series of examples. Some new results are obtained, which can be viewed as an extension of some known results.


A method by which a hydrochloride of a basic amino acid is isolated from a basic-amino-acid fermentation liquid containing sulfate ions. The method is almost equal in product yield and quality to conventional techniques and is easier than these. The method is for obtaining crystals of a hydrochloride of a basic amino acid from a basic-amino-acid fermentation liquid containing sulfate ions or from a sulfate-ion-containing liquid reaction mixture resulting from an enzymatic reaction catalyzed by living cells of a microorganism producing a basic amino acid. The method is characterized by (1) adding the chloride of a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and barium to the basic-amino-acid fermentation liquid or liquid enzymatic-reaction mixture containing sulfate ions to precipitate the sulfate ions as crystals of the sulfate of the metal, (2) removing the crystals of the metal sulfate from the solution of the basic amino acid, (3) cooling the basic-amino-acid solution from which the metal sulfate crystals have been removed, while keeping the solution in the state of being not saturated with the metal sulfate, to thereby precipitate the basic amino acid as crystals of the hydrochloride thereof, and (4) isolating the basic amino acid crystals.


Structured families of models constitute an alternative to nesting in which interactions between factors that nest are usually not considered. In this alternative, for each treatment of a fixed effects design π, there is a linear model and the action of factors in π on the fixed effects parameters of the models is studied. When π has orthogonal structure, the family of models will be said to be orthogonal. The models in the family can have one, two or more strata. Models with two strata are obtained through nesting of one strata models, derived from base factorials. These are very well known models in which all factors have the same number of levels. We will use a general framework to consider orthogonal families of models derived from prime basis factorials. These are very well known models in which all factors have the same prime number of levels.


Herein, the defect-related properties of an AlN sample prepared based on the optimal process parameters by metal nitride vapor phase epitaxy (MNVPE) were investigated. The FWHM values of the (0002)/(101̅2) planes of the sample by MNVPE are 397/422 arcsec; the advantages of similar FWHM values of (0002) and (101̅2) planes will have a huge advantage over other preparation methods such as MOCVD. From the cross-sectional TEM images of the AlN sample, it is found that the fusion of a large number of a + c type dislocations occur at the interface of the low temperature buffer layer and the epitaxial layer, which affects the growth mode of the epitaxial layer. The lower FHWM value of the E2(high) peak of the Raman spectrum, the lower the point defect concentration, which made the sample gain higher energy defect emission bands in the PL spectra and higher transmittance in the UV–vis transmission spectrum.


The international financial crisis occurred in 2008 stems from the intensification of the basic contradiction of capitalism.The basic contradictions of capitalism lead to the crisis with the intensified new manifestations in the economic globalization.The capitalist countries in crisis through a variety of ways to make up for loss or against passing the loss of the crisis to ease the basic contradictions of capitalism become so acute,and adjust the capitalism system.Therefore,the outbreak of the international financial crisis does not mean the demise of capitalism and victory of socialism.It is an important thoroughfare to realize "two inevitable" by changing the existing international financial system and establishing a new international economic order.


: A one-layer decreasing-availability monthly water balance model is used to estimate monthly surplus that flows into the Lake Pontchartrain Basin from the Amite, Tickfaw, Natalbany, Tangipahoa, and Tchefuncte Rivers for water years 1949 through 1990. The modeled annual surplus for each drainage basin is compared to gauged annual discharge obtained from the United States Geological Survey. This provides an estimate of the differential success of the model over watersheds of various sizes, and also suggests appropriate adjustment factors to be used in future water balance analyses of similar basins in humid subtropical climate regions. Results show that annual surplus values agree well with the USGS values, after an annual adjustment of about 140 mm (11 to 28 percent of the basin surplus) is subtracted from the annual modeled totals to compensate for overestimation by the model. However, inter-annual variability is high in the annual cycles. Winter and spring discharges can also be modeled successfully.


The Laplace transform inversion method based on the expansion of the original in the Laguerre polynomials is considered. The image of the Laguerre series is reduced by a linear-fractional mapping to some power series, which is summed up by the well-known Euler-Knopp method. The effect of requirement of regularity of the transformation on the choice of the summation parameter is discussed by means of geometrical representations. Calculations, which have shown high efficacy of the suggested method of choosing the parameter are carried out.


The kinetics of the decomposition of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by ozonation, by Fenton's reagent reaction, and by a polychromatic UV radiation is investigated from experiments performed in a batch reactor. In each oxidation system, the degree of removal of the organic compound from water is evaluated and the influence of the operating variables is established. The ozonation process is conducted at pH = 2 and in the presence of radical scavengers:  In these conditions the kinetic constants and reaction orders for the direct reaction between ozone and that organic compound are deduced by using a model based in the film theory. The oxidation by Fenton's reagent (Fe2+ ion and H2O2), a generating system of hydroxyl radicals, leads to the evaluation of pseudo-first-order rate constants for the global reaction and to the determination of the kinetic constant for the direct radical reaction. Finally, the quantum yields in the photodecomposition process are determined from the rate equation, with the radiation flow ra...


Background:In patients hospitalized with decompensated biventricular failure having hypoalbuminemia and lymphocytopenia without underlying hepatic or renal disease, we addressed the presence of a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Methods:We studied 78 patients having a dilated cardiomyopathy, who were hospitalized with congestive heart failure (CHF) and hypoalbuminemia of uncertain origin. In the first 19 patients, we investigated the presence of PLE using Tc-Dex70 scintigraphy together with serum albumin 2 to 4 weeks later when compensation had been restored. In the next 59 patients, presenting with reduced serum albumin and relative lymphocyte count at admission, these parameters were again monitored (2–4 weeks) later when symptoms and signs of CHF had resolved. Results:PLE, documented by Tc-Dex70 scintigraphy, was found in 10 of 19 patients and whose hypoalbuminemia (2.7 ± 0.1 g/dL, mean ± standard error of mean) were corrected (3.3 ± 0.1 g/dL; P < 0.05) with the resolution of CHF, whereas in the 9 patients without a PLE, reduced baseline serum albumin (2.6 ± 0.1 g/dL) failed to improve on follow-up (2.6 ± 0.2 g/dL) in keeping with malnutrition. Relative lymphocyte count was reduced (14.6 ± 1.5%) in patients with PLE but was normal (21.4 ± 3.3%; P < 0.05) in those without PLE. Serum albumin and relative lymphocyte count were each reduced at admission (2.8 ± 0.1 g/dL and 14.4 ± 1.0%, respectively) in 59 patients and increased (P < 0.05) to normal values (3.5 ± 0.1 g/dL and 24.9 ± 1.0%) 2 to 4 weeks after they were compensated. Conclusions:Enteral losses of albumin and lymphocytes account for the reversible hypoalbuminemia and lymphocytopenia found in patients hospitalized with CHF having splanchnic congestion.


The present thesis entitled "Environmental Education Programme to develop the ecological attitude in students from the 6 ° of I. E. Rafael Narvaez Cadenillas, 2 011"; aimed at develop the ecological attitude, at the same time, expand and deepen their knowledge in environmental education (EA).

The sample consisted of 31 students which was administered a pretest and a year to measure, analyze and explain their ecological attitude on the side reactions: cognitive, affective and tendency to action or conduct. By working with a single group -sampling type probability – the study of applied research wasn't pre-experimental.

Global outcomes stated that the implementation of the environmental education program developed ecological attitude in students of I. E. "Rafael Narvaez Cadenillas". Has been effective in relation to the three components, because they demonstrate particular actions for improvement in their ecological attitudes.

 I would therefore conclude that the hypothesis was confirmed that the application of the Environmental Education Program developed the ecological attitude of the students because there is statistical significance between the vast majority of responses, as demonstrated by the test "t student".


This article presents an analytical method to design a hybrid structure dual‐band rat‐race coupler at microwave frequencies. The proposed structure uses six identical cells of which each is engineered to work as a quarter wavelength transmission line with proper characteristic impedance at two distinct frequencies having arbitrary frequency ratio. The performances of the π‐ and T‐cells are studied to assess their ability to provide the required electrical parameters for dual‐band operation. It is demonstrated that the single‐section π‐topology can only lead to a suboptimal design for a dual‐band rat‐race cell at two nonharmonic frequencies. In contrast, the proposed double‐section π‐cell structure allows achieving an optimal dual‐band cell design. A dual‐band rat‐race coupler designed at 2.14 and 3.6 GHz has been simulated and fabricated in hybrid microstrip technology. Measurement results agree well with analytically based simulation results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure for dual‐band operation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 22: 690–700, 2012.


Abstract The study proposes an EOQ model which considers a case of time-varying deterioration, partial back-ordering that depends on the waiting time for backlogging and linear demand function over the finite horizon. The model less strict in its assumptions but is feasible in practice. We derive the sufficient condition of optimal solution and propose a procedure to solve the problem.


The first generation of women planners faced a daunting climate in their educations, professional roles and academic posts. They experienced structural disadvantage, discrimination and marginalisation in a male-dominated field. Despite the challenges, women created spaces for solidarity and opportunities for collective action within national planning organisations. This article shows how American women kept both professional and substantive gender concerns in view while striving to make planning more equitable. While they succeeded at instituting structural supports for women and making gender a common topic of planning research, further work remains to empower women of colour and the most marginalised planners.


The effect of heavy metal nickel chloride on germination, growth and biochemical parameters of Phaseolusmungo L . was studied. Application of various concentrations from 3mM to 15mM decreased the percentage of growth, pigment content and increased the content of amino acid and proline. It was found to be decreased when compared to the respective control grown with nutrient medium. The present study demonstrated that the heavy metal nickel had adversely affected the growth and biochemical parameters of the plant Phaseolusmungo L.


The magnetic field appearing as bipolar magnetic regions at the surface of the sun represents the lines of force from a general azimuthal field of the order of 100 gauss somewhere beneath the surface. The amplification time, as a consequence of the nonuniform rotation, is of the order of 10 years. But magnetic buoyancy brings the azimuthal field up through much of the convective zone in a time rather less than 10 years, raising the question of where the azimuthal field can be retained long enough to be amplified. We show that magnetic fields can be retained for long periods of time in the stable radiative region beneath the convective zone, but unfortunately the solar dynamo cannot function there because turbulent diffusion is an essential part of its operation. The only possible conclusion appears to be that the dynamo operates principally in the very lowest levels of the convective zone at depths of 150,000 km or more, where the gas density is 0.1 g/cu cm, and the fields are limited to 50 gauss.


In this paper I examine how dominant social work discourses use representational violence to maintain binary helper/helped identities, often through evacuating relational or partially shared narratives that might instead be grounds for collaborative work and solidarity. I centre a practice example to interrogate the role that performative professionalism plays in representational violence. My argument is situated in the knowledge that there is no innocent ground from which to represent another's story of violence, that representation is a process of producing the Other and mutually constitutive of the self (Macias, 2013). Drawing on Rossiter's (1999) notion that justice requires representation, I conclude by considering the possibilities of transgressing dominant representational boundaries posed by the ethical dilemma of representing violence. I suggest that reproducing another's experience of violence through representation might be disrupted by combining the theory of "unsettled practice," one that denies totalizing representations, with Response-Based Practice to foreground a spectrum of representations of resistance and so centre fluid agentic being (Richardson, 2008; Richardson & Wade, 2009; Rossiter, 2011). While this paper centres a practice example, my argument is relevant to representation in research and is informed by a body of work that locates research as an important site of resistance to dominance (Brown & Strega, 2005). This paper argues that representing the violence that another has experienced through the act of critically reflecting on the re-telling of that violence may inform counter-representations that lead to social justice responses.


The present invention provides a method and a device for detecting the state of an object which is conveyed in a suspension state. The object floats upwards relatively to a conveying surface and is conveyed and is provided with a plurality of marks. The detecting device respectively shoot the areas in the path of suspension conveying through a plurality of cameras which are configured separately from one another. In each image shot through the cameras, the positions of pixels corresponding with the marks in the object are respectively confirmed. The three-dimensional position of the object iscalculated according to each position of the pixels.


The listeners who follow them are like performers, hired and bought. They huddle together with a middleman; in the middle of a basilica sportulae are handed out as openly as in a triclinium. They run from one court to another for the same wage. Hence these people are called not without humour "Sophocleses" from sophos and kaleisthai; in Latin the name given them is laudiceni. Sherwin-White in his commentary on this passage deals only with the explanatory words in Greek in the manuscripts, which he would delete as a gloss.2 One could add that Pliny would have known that kalein and not kaleisthai was required as an explanation, since the parasites shout "Sophos," i.e., kalein sophos-"Hoorayshouters," while sophos kaleisthai s not meaningful at all; kaleisthai seems to be a mistake prompted by the word vocantur. But it is unclear, despite Sherwin-White, why we need the Latin variant. The whole explanation looks like a grammarian's gloss, since "Hooray-shouters" are obviously the claqueurs wanted in a law court, while "Dinner-praisers" interrupts the argument. There is a more interesting problem. Why does Pliny find it obvious that handing out sportulae as bribes in a basilica should be compared to handing them


A lattice-gas model for the high-temperature oxygen-ordering thermodynamics in YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 6+[ital x]] is presented, which assumes constant effective pair interactions between oxygen atoms and includes in a simple fashion the effect of the electron spin and charge degrees of freedom. This is done using a commonly utilized picture relating the creation of mobile electron holes and unpaired spins to the insertion of oxygen into the basal plane. The model is solved using the nearest-neighbor square approximation of the cluster-variation method. In addition, preliminary Monte Carlo results using next-nearest-neighbor interactions are presented. The model is compared to experimental results for the thermodynamic response function, [ital kT]([partial derivative][ital x]/[partial derivative][mu])[sub [ital T]] ([mu] is the chemical potential), the number of monovalent copper atoms, and the fractional site occupancies. The model drastically improves the agreement with measured values of [ital kT]([partial derivative][ital x]/[partial derivative][mu])[sub [ital T]] as compared to bare lattice-gas models. Additionally, the monovalent copper count, in contrast to the standard lattice-gas models, is determined self-consistently and agrees qualitatively with experiment.