When I was asked to respond to Gabrielle Foreman's essay, my first thought was, "Oh no, here we go again." This was neither condemnation of nor boredom with the topic of scholarly subjectivity, but a testimony to its endurance as an issue and my failure to come up with any satisfactory answers in the years since Nellie McKay's or Barbara Christian's prophetic call(s). Over the years I have faced this conundrum from various positionali-ties: as a graduate student during the backlash over affirmative action in the early 1990s, as a faculty member when the only other black woman in the department retired without a replacement, and now as department chair who, in a climate of shrinking resources, struggles to make the case for a second (!) African Americanist while the intellectual ground justifying such a hire crumbles beneath my feet. Here we go. Again. Foreman aptly approaches the difficulty as both an intellectual and an institutional problem--in other words, a mind/body problem. Part of the founding intellectual premise of African American studies was the need to redress the underrepresentation of African Americans within academia. While this need was often couched in political terms, it was intellectually necessary to diversify the curriculum and the underlying methodologies of the disciplines. The institutional underrepresentation still exists; however, the intellectual ground has shifted, creating a mind/body split between intellect (conceived as an interior, ahistorical function of pure reason) and representation (viewed as an exterior expression of historically, culturally, and socially specific bodies). Foreman referenced, correctly, the dearth of black participation in the Editing Early African American Literature conference in Toronto in 2012. (1) Interestingly, the conference program staged the approach to this vital subject as a series of (rhetorical) questions: What is an African American Book? Who is an African American Author? Who is an African American Reader? (DeLombard, Warren, and Chaldcalakal) The riddle-like nature of these questions stems from the instability of the common signifier: African American. Thus, our inability to answer definitively the implied question--who is an African American?--becomes tacit proof of post-racialization"; mind (ahistorical intellect) trumps body (historical representation). A similar problem of (absent) bodies occurred at the 2013 American Literature Association Conference, where one panel, "New Paradigms for African American Literary Study," was composed of three non-black men and one white woman. On the one hand this is, indeed, a new paradigm and a sign of progress. After all, wasn't the goal of black studies to make the case for the importance of African American subjects for all scholars? Shouldn't we be ecstatic that our non-African American colleagues want to work in the field? Isn't the presence of non-black scholars on panels, at conferences, and in anthologies about African American literature the ultimate sign that the work of the Barbara Christians and Nellie McKays has made its mark? Yes. And no. The reality is that academic panels, conferences, and published volumes (2) reflect the institutional inequities in academic departments where black scholars are often overcommitted with service responsibilities or lack travel funding to be present and accounted for. …


This paper employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to compute the technical efficiency of individual commercial banks in Egypt over the period after revolution of January 25, 2011.The sample of commercial banks includes: state owned banks and private banks (domestic and foreign owned banks). Results indicate that over the study period. There were seven banks could not achieve DEA efficiency score of 1 in 2011, while there were only three banks in 2012, and six banks in 2013. The inefficient banks operated at incorrect scale, where the majority experienced decreasing returns to scale (DRS) in their operations. Peer group analysis was also conducted to compare banks that are inefficient with efficient banks which belonged to a reference set. Moreover, the study was identified input and output slacks of inefficient banks and suggested the efficient input and output targets for improvements.


This paper analyzes great changes of China's foreign trade development in 60 years from three aspects: (1) describes China's foreign trade practice and the great achievement of reform and opening -up;(2) discusses the theoretical innovation of China's foreign trade development;with establishing initially foreign economics and trade theory system embryonic form having Chinese characteristics(3) summarizes the main experiences of China's foreign trade development in 60 years.These practice,theories and experiences are our great spiritual wealth.


Non-relational databases are nowadays a common
solution when dealing with huge data set and massive query work
load. These systems have been redesigned from scratch in order to
achieve scalability and availability at the cost of providing only a
reduce set of low-level functionality, thus forcing the client
application to take care of complex logics. As a solution, our
research group developed Hecuba, a set of tools and interfaces,
which aims to facilitate programmers with an efficient and easy
interaction with non-relational technologies.


This article is a review of the literature, a presentation of a UK audit, and future proposals. Informing a child, they are HIV positive remains a challenge for the family, carers and healthcare professionals. The appropriate time to talk to children about their HIV status has changed along with the timeline of medication development.


Sequential Structure Suffices to Solve Nativist Puzzles Rens Bod (email@example.com) ILLC, University of Amsterdam Science Park 107, Amsterdam, Netherlands Keywords: language modeling; computational models of language learning. Nativism versus Empiricis m The debate between hierarchical versus sequential structure in language acquisition has recently flared up again (cf. Frank, Bod & Christiansen 2012; Pesetsky 2013). Roughly, the nativist view on language endorses that human language acquisition is guided by innate rules that operate on hierarchical structures. The empiricist view assumes that language acquisition is the product of abstractions from empirical input but leaves it as an open question whether sequential or hierarchical structure is needed. Some empirical models use sequential structure (e.g. Reali & Christiansen 2005) while other models are based on hierarchical structure (Bod 2009; Bod & Smets 2012). Much work in empirical language acquisition has focused on a relatively small set of phenomena such as auxiliary fronting. For example, Reali & Christiansen (2005) argued that auxiliary fronting could be learned by linear models based on sequential structure, though Kam et al. (2008) showed that the success of these models depend on accidental English facts. Other empiricist approaches have taken the notion of structural dependency together with a combination operation as minimal requirements (e.g. Bod 2009), which overcomes the problems raised by Kam et al. In Bod and Smets (2012) it was shown that a much larger set of phenomena can be learned by an empiricist computational model. These phenomena are well-known in the generativist literature (Ross 1967; Adger 2003) and are related to wh-questions, relative clause formation, topicalization, extraposition and left dislocation. It turned out that these hard cases can be learned by an unsupervised tree-substitution grammar induction algorithm that returns the sentence with the best-ranked derivation for a particular phenomenon, using only a very small fraction of the input a child receives. However, Bod and Smets (2012) also observed that these nativist cases were learned by using relatively shallow structures with little or no hierarchy. This raised the question as to how much structure is actually needed to learn these syntactic constraints. In the current paper, we present a very simple model that reduces all syntactic structuring to concatenations of substrings without any hierarchy. We show that almost all results obtained by the hierarchical grammar in Bod & Smets (2012) can also be learned by means of a sequential grammar using substring- concatenation only. It should be stressed that the essence of the debate between nativism and empiricism lies often in the relative contribution of prior knowledge and linguistic experience (cf. Lidz et al. 2003; Ambridge & Lieven 2011; Clark and Lappin 2011). Following the nativist view, the linguistic evidence is so hopelessly underdetermined that innate components are necessary. This Argument from the Poverty of the Stimulus can be phrased as follows (see Pullum & Scholz 2002 for a detailed discussion): (i) Children acquire a certain linguistic phenomenon (ii) The linguistic input does not give enough evidence for acquiring the phenomenon (iii) There has to be an innate component for the phenomenon In this paper we falsify step (ii) for a number of linguistic phenomena that have been considered "parade cases" of innate constraints (Crain 1991; Crain and Thornton 2006). We will show that even if a linguistic phenomenon is not in a child's input, it can be learned by a sequential model using only a tiny fraction of child-directed utterances, i.e. the Adam corpus in Childes (MacWhinney 2000). Methodology Our methodology is very simple: by means of concatenations of substrings (of parts of speech) of any length from the Adam corpus, we compute from the alternative sentences of a syntactic phenomenon (reported in the generativist literature) the sentence with the most probable shortest concatenation. Next, we check whether this sentence corresponds with the grammatical sentence. The shortest concatenation is defined as consisting of the minimal number of substrings (smoothed by the n-shortest concatenations, similar as in Bod and Smets 2012). In case there is more than one shortest concatenation, the most probable one is computed by multiplying the (smoothed) relative frequencies of these substrings in the corpus. For example, given a typical nativist problem like auxiliary fronting, the question is: how do we choose the correct sentence from among the alternatives (0) to (2): (0) is the boy who is eating hungry? (1) *is the boy who eating is hungry? (2) *is the boy who is eating is hungry? According to Adger (2003), Crain (1991) and others, this phenomenon is regulated by an innate principle. In our approach, instead, we produce all concatenations of


Scabies norvegica in Diabetes Mellitus. Scabies is an often mistaken parasitical infection, which usually shows strong pruritus. Norwegian scabies is characterised by the great number of parasites, and it occurs predominantly in patients with immunodeficiency. The following case report describes a patient with Diabetes mellitus Type I, suffering from Norwegian scabies with untypical development.


The assurance of quality, reliability, and trustwor-thiness of software systems is a basic requirement in software development. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehension and detailed understanding of a software project. To make the understanding of a complex software system more accessible, a set of tools that analyze and visualize complex software systems could be introduced. Such a software analysis and visualization tool has to meet challenging requirements to be suited for the specific needs of users. To fulfill these requirements and to provide an intuitive way to understand the software projects with visual analysis, we use the human-oriented method of focus groups. We developed a design for focus groups to identify topics of interest regarding the analysis of software development processes. To test and improve our focus group design we conducted a pilot study with research software developers.


This study analysed tactile stimulation during neonatal transition and resuscitation in preterm and term neonates born by Caesarean delivery. It examined the frequency, location and body region, duration and possible effects of stimulation on heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2).


We studied the allelopathic effects of phenolic acids in the Eucalyptus plantations soil on Eucalyptus seedlings growth. Based on the actual content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acids in soil of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantations (X), concentration gradients of each phenolic acid (0.5X, 1.0X, 2.0X) were prepared to apply in potted Eucalyptus seedlings. The results showed that each of the 6-phenolic acids significantly (p < 0.05) promoted or inhibited the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll fluorescence (minimal fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, maximal fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, variable fluorescence of dark-adapted leaves, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry). These treatments also influenced the water-use efficiency and growth parameters (height, root biomass, stem biomass, leaf biomass, shoot biomass, total biomass and root/shoot ratio) of Eucalyptus seedlings. Whereas, none of the test phenolic acids affected the ground diameter or net photosynthetic rate of seedlings. This study indicated that further experiments in Eucalyptus plantations are required to find, whether phenolic acids in Eucalyptus plantations soil significantly affected the growth of Eucalyptus trees under natural conditions and how to regulate the phenolic acids contents in forest soil?


Executive summary The Smith Commission proposals  Full devolution of income tax on non-savings and non-dividend income removes anomalies under the system of partial devolution due to take in effect in April 2016 which skew the Scottish Government's incentives towards tax rises and away from tax cuts. However, the system is not perfect. In particular, because the Scottish income tax would not apply to dividends (or savings) income, if Scottish tax rates were higher than UK tax rates, some could respond by shifting their income into dividends, on which the UK rate will apply. This tax avoidance would reduce the amount Scotland could raise from higher tax rates. This problem could be fixed by also devolving the taxation of dividend and savings income to Scotland, but practical issues make doing so difficult.  The most notable tax which was not recommended for devolution was corporation tax, especially given that the UK government has agreed, in principle, to devolve corporation tax to Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland has previously argued that it has special circumstances – an economy with a 1 The author would like to thank Carl Emmerson and Paul Johnson for useful comments, and Ben Pearce and Jon Donaghy at HM Treasury for useful clarifications. The author also gratefully acknowledges funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) through the Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy at IFS (grant reference ES/H021221/1). In addition he accepts responsibility for any remaining errors and omissions. 2 particularly weak private sector, and a land border with the Republic of Ireland, where the corporation tax rate is just 12.5%, with whom it must for compete for investment. Whether these arguments are valid or not, it seems likely the Scottish Government (and, in all probability the Welsh Government) will argue that similar powers be devolved to Scotland (and Wales) too. This could mean a reopening of the issue of what to devolve, that the Smith Commission was meant to answer.  The full devolution of many disability benefits to Scotland would give the Scottish Government powers to change policies and control over the funding for these benefits. This would, remove anomalies where the Scottish government currently finds itself investing in health and social policy measures that might reduce disability benefit expenditure, but not benefitting from any reduced costs. On the other hand, while the Scottish Government would have the power to vary the …


This paper gives an overview of a wide-area measurement system deployed at the distribution level: FNET/GridEye, which consists of hundreds of sensors, communication and a data center. The sensors are utilized to take frequency, voltage phase angle and magnitude measurements from the ordinary 110 or 220V outlets in offices or residential houses. These measurements are continuously transmitted to the data center via Internet. Many applications have been implemented to monitor large-scale interconnected power grids, and interpret grid operation status to improve system operators' situational awareness capability. Some representative online and offline applications are presented in this paper, as well as several recently developed new applications.


Neurodegenerative diseases have several aspects in common, such as their relative late onset, the death of limited neuronal populations over a prolonged time (years rather than months), intractability and severe consequences for patients and their environment. Unfortunately, for most neurodegenerative diseases we have no or only rudimentary insight into the mechanisms that lead to the selective neuronal cell loss. As a consequence, for most neurodegenerative diseases it is difficult to develop valid laboratory models to study the underlying mechanisms of the disease, and, one step further, to test possible therapeutic strategies. This is complicated by the fact that neurodegenerative diseases in general have a late onset and develop relatively slowly, which necessitates long-term models. This requirement complicates the development of models, especially of in vitro models such as tissue culture systems. We present a selection of models that are now available for one neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.


Wind power developers are doing a brisk business these days, with new projects going into service every month. But economic pressures are pushing for even larger generators and more of them, while transmission bottlenecks are delaying promising projects. The largest U.S. projects are moving offshore and attracting the wrath of hardcore environmentalists, while the Europeans are handing out large grants and dumping the increased cost on consumers. And not all regulators are convinced that wind energy should be taken seriously. With the U.S. wind production tax credit set to end this year, will calm follow the perfect storm?


Aims: The objectives of this study were to replicate smoker profiles identified in Batra et al. (in press) and to develop a cluster‐based classification system to categorize new cases into smoker profiles so that an appropriate tailored intervention could be applied.


A set may be represented in APL either through a vector of its elements, through a Boolean vector representing its characteristic function with respect to a pre-specified universal set, or through the re-interpretation of this Boolean vector as the binary representation of an integer. This paper discusses the use of these representations for manipulation of sets, collections of sets, and functions as they are used, for example, in topology.


Hundred and thirty two male healthy smokers and non-smokers aged 40-55 years were evaluated using anthropometric, dietary intake and biochemical measurements. The mean body mass index was 26.87  1.6 for smokers and 29.96  1.1 for non-smokers. Body fat percent was significantly lower in smokers than that in non-smokers. Smokers declared significantly lower intakes of vitamins A, E and significantly higher intakes of saturated fat and energy derived from carbohydrates than non-smokers. The plasma vitamin levels revealed deficiency in vitamin A, E, and C in smokers than that of non-smokers. The activities of scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers. Smoker subjects received dietary supplementation with vitamins A, C, and E for two months. After supplementation, the levels of these vitamins were increased significantly in plasma. On the other hand, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed a significant decrease and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) was non-significantly decreased in smokers than in non-smokers. The present study revealed many unhealthy patterns of nutrient intakes in smokers as compared to non-smokers and should be advised to obtain sufficient amounts of antioxidants in their diets. Also, supplementation with vitamin A, E and C lead to improve the activities of the free radical scavenging enzymes.


COVID-19, an upper respiratory viral infection, is spreading too quickly and is now found almost everywhere on the planet. A chest x-ray and RT-PCR are used to confirm Covid-19. However, resource constraints in developing countries make this difficult. This paper aims to monitor infection in Egyptian's lungs using chest X-rays and convolutional neural networks in the early-stage detection. The omicron chest X-ray dataset is gathered from public records along with hospital and doctor arrangements that are approved by their patients to achieve our goal. The classification mission's backbone is a classic neural network (CNN), which benefited from its speed while deep networks are being trained and reduced the impact of vanishing gradient problems. Images are resized and pre-processed to improve sharpness and contrast before being used to validate the proposed system. Meanwhile, by feeding images into a deep neural network, infectiousness can be predicted. The deep learning measurement's receiver operating characteristics (ROC) region under the curve is 0.9888, with 96.2 percent sensitivity, 98 percent accuracy, and 100 percent precision, according to the findings. It has been demonstrated that the proposed system can be easily modified to increase efficiency by adding additional images (normal and infected). As a quick alternative to the current PCR-based method, the proposed system offers a significant advantage to all nations in terms of screening and diagnosing OMICRON. © 2022 Little Lion Scientific


IR absorption imaging, especially using Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) imaging spectrometers, is an emerging modality for biomedical applications. As opposed to current techniques that largely utilize dyes or stains for microscopy, IR imaging promises label-free molecular analysis and recognition of important biochemical markers using computational methods that do not need human supervision. Here, we first provide an overview of this chemical imaging technology and discuss a number of important recent advances. We especially underscore how advances in instrumentation, data processing/handling, and theory are changing or opening new application areas. A variety of basic science applications and efforts towards clinical translation are discussed.


A method for the detection and localization of at least a parking space for a motor vehicle (2) offered garage (15) in the motor vehicle (2), wherein the motor vehicle (2) directed at least one of the surroundings of the motor vehicle (2), the distance data (1) of having object surfaces to the motor vehicle be provided (2) a distance sensor, and wherein, after the detection and location dependent upon a determined here garage information a target pose for shutting off the motor vehicle (2) on at least one of a parking space is determined, at least, the distance data (1) for detecting a opening the garage door (16) are evaluated on the basis of an opening criterion, wherein detects a garage (15) upon meeting the opening criterion and on the basis of from the distance data (1) derivable position of the garage door (16) a location information of the garage (15) is determined as part of the garage information becomes.


This article has compared our nation with the United States,Europe,and Taiwan on seismic design code of site effects on design response spectrum,it is found that the United States,Europe and Taiwan seismic design codes use two site coefficients to evaluate different sites impact on design response spectrum in the short and long period,but 01 seismic code only considers sites impact on design response spectrum with characteristic period in the long period,not in the short period.The article also points out some contents of 01 seismic code design response spectrum which need further study and to be improved.


We investigated the effect of a second generation GHRP (CHRP-1: Ala-His-D β NalAla-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH2) on GH release and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) to define the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the action and in reference to the inhibitory effects of some inhibitors for GH release such as somatostatin (SRIF), dexamethasone (DEX) and oleic acid (OA) in primary cultured ovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells. GHRP-1 caused an increase in GH release in a concentratio-depende manner (P<0.05), and the maximum response was gained at 10μM. GH response induced by 10μM GHRP was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by simultaneous incubation with SRIF (100nM), DEX (100nM), or OA (100μM) to 46±5, 59±7 and 65±8% (mean±SE) of the control value, respectively. The basal [Ca2+]i was 161±5nM and GHRP-I increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.001). The maximal increment in [Ca2+]i induced by 10μM GHRP-1 was 37±3nM, which was significantly reduced and changed to a transient response when Ca2+ influx was blocked with an L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine (lμM) or by removal of medium calcium with an excess EGTA (1.4mM). The values of [Ca2+]i at the peak and at lmin after GHRP-1 addition were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the medium containing either SRIF, DEX or OA. Namely, SRIF (100nM) significantly (P<0.05) lowered the resting [Ca2+]i with less marked effect on the GHRP-1-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i, whereas DEX (100nM) and OA (100μM) reduced the 10μM GKRP-stimulated rise in [Ca2+]i without affecting basal [Ca2+]i. From these results, we conclude that: 1) the mechanism by which GHRP-1 raises [Ca2+]i and results in GH release involves the infiux of extracellular Ca2+; and 2) SRIF, DEX and OA may inhibit GHRP-1-induced GH release by mechanisms that partly depend on [Ca2+]i in ovine AP cells. Anim. Sci. Technol. (Jpn.) 67 (7): 603-611, 1996


Next generation Networks (NGN) are required to support the seamless delivery of voice, video and data with high quality. The advantages of the proposed method, in terms of QoS gains, are demonstrated through modeling of the main QoS parameters. Among the many issues faced by NGN is the quality of service (QoS) issue as would be with any IP based network; which is measured in terms of network latency, throughput, packet delay variation, packet loss etc. Several techniques try to solve this issue in a best effort environment. Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) was found to be the technology which seems to solve the problem better than others primarily due to its traffic engineering capabilities. In this proposed work we identify the challenges that need to be addressed in designing a three level core which consists of policy making, packet queuing and forwarding and resource utilization itself concerning the high performance, QoS supported transport services, it is not sufficient that only the traffic transport under a single domain. A DiffServ support for MPLS was only natural as there are certain resemblances between the two the most important being that traffic classification in case of both DiffServ and MPLS takes place at the ingress of their respective domains. Using this combination we get more control in providing the quality of service where priorities are to be given to some applications over the others.


So far as such aspects as structure design, combustion mode, maximum output and the efficiency of the combined cycle are concerned, the Siemens V94.3A gas turbine all occupies a relatively dominant position among the worldwide different types of F series gas turbines. Especially the innovative design of the Siemens with its maturity as foundation are all characterized by the strict and cautious design idea and design features. The general condition of the equipment and the superiority of its structure design are recommended, focussing upon the working principle and structure features of the compressor, turbine, connection mode, cooling system and the ring-type combustion chamber. Based upon the joint winning of the manufacture bid, Shanghai Electric and Siemens will work together and make more efforts to produce more home made gas turbine parts in the future.


The case for positive time preference is absolutely compelling, unless there is an infinite time horizon with the expectation of unending technological advance combined with what we call "drastically diminishing marginal utility." This finding holds both in the positive and normative senses. A corollary is that savings are interest elastic.


Vital hidden danger and key factors affecting quality safety of agricultural products in Jiangxi province were analyzed. The author put forward that, policy support and fund for quality safety of agricultural products should be increased, construction of good quality agricultural products base should be quickened, and quality management of agricultural products should be strengthened.


Mucopeptides extracted from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria which were solubilized by ultrasonic treatment gave precipitin reactions with rabbit antistreptococcal serum. A haptenic inhibitor isolated from S. albus enzymes digest of Group D streptococcal cell walls inhibited this precipitin reaction between the mucopeptides of heterologous bacteria and streptococcal antiserum. Greater than 87% inhibition of the M. lysodeikticus and 65% inhibition of the E. coli quantitative mucopeptide precipitin reactions was achieved with 4 mg/ml of this inhibitor. In double diffusion studies, the mucopeptides from different species of bacteria and streptococcal mucopeptide antiserum formed merging precipitin lines. These results suggest that the mucopeptides of many different species of bacteria possess antigenic determinants which are immunochemically similar to those of streptococci.


Paraserianthes falcataria or locally known as batai has been widely used in the production of timber-based products such as plywood, furniture and light-weight construction materials. Recently, P. falcataria has been reported to show highest level of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. Therefore, in order to obtain a better quality of cellulose, it is crucial to identify and isolate the cellulose synthase (ChesA) gene which is directly involved in the cellulose biosynthesis.


Transform faults offset the pipe-shaped region of partial melting and magma generation below the Midoceanic ridge. Hence if there is flow along the pipe, it will be blocked or at least impeded at major transform faults. There is evidence on the Reykjanes ridge that minor transform faults, with offsets of a few tens of kilometers, may be converted to oblique spreading axes by asthenosphere flow. Quantitative estimates of the extent of blocking are derived from a Parker-Oldenburg law of plate thickness increasing as the square root of crustal age. There are several kinds of evidence that the subcrustal partial melts generally moving away from long-wavelength topographic and gravity highs on the Midoceanic ridge (hot spots) are partly blocked at transform faults: (1) elevations of particular isochrons, including the present spreading axis, frequently jump discontinuously across major transform faults (the best examples of this are in the northeast Atlantic); (2) morphology and seismicity change abruptly across the Blanco fracture zone, which separates a ridge influenced by a hot spot (the Juan de Fuca ridge) from one not so influenced (the Gorda ridge); (3) a zone of relatively high magnetic amplitudes is associated with the hot spot influenced Juan de Fuca and central Galapagos ridges (this zone may delineate how much crust was produced by the Fe/Ti-rich melts of hot spot origin (whether due to distinctive source composition or subsequent fractionation); on both ridges the high-amplitude magnetic zones are terminated on both ends at transform faults, again suggesting blockage of the hot spot melts); (4) prominent ridges, such as the Mendocino and Charlie Gibbs ridges, may form on the 'upstream' side of some fracture zones at certain times during their evolution (such fracture ridges seem to be constructional volcanic piles formed continuously at or near the fracture-ridge crest junction; they are here interpreted as being due to excess basalt melts, produced from the partial melts ponded on the upstream side of the transform fault; fracture ridges are proposed to record the past intensity of pipe flow and hence hot spot activity); and (5) recent studies by Solomon (1973) show a region of high S wave attenuation and low Q at the southern end of the Reykjanes ridge, below the prominent fracture ridge just north of the Charlie Gibbs fracture zone. Taken together, the various observations support the existence of pipelike flow at shallow depths (up to a few tens of kilometers) below the Midoceanic ridge. The interaction between mantle hot spots and nearby plate boundaries discussed in this paper may produce features, such as the Ninetyeast and Broken ridges, that exhibit a strong plate tectonic fabric (structures parallel or perpendicular to transform faults) but nevertheless attest to special convective processes in the mantle.


Tuberculosis control has often been managed as a simple issue, the belief being that activities to care for people affected by tuberculosis can be uniformly standardized and centred on tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment. It is undeniable that this approach has been successful in re-organizing unstructured national tuberculosis (TB) control programs. Today, many countries? programs are better organized and have reached good case detection and cure rates. There are arguments to enlarge the scope of activities to care for people affected by TB beyond the classical standardized strategies for diagnostic and treatment of tuberculosis. Indeed, it has become widely accepted that to increase further coverage of TB diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary to address the economic and psychosocial problems of people affected by tuberculosis, particularly for those having the least access to and worse quality of care. This will be possible only if, in addition to the current approaches, customized care can be developed taking into account the complex nature of care organisation as part of local systems.


Grooving in the skirt of coke drum is able to lighten the stiffness impact on the skirt and reduce the thermal stress on its fillet weld.However,at the same time,it will cause considerably great stress concentration on the openings,and meanwhile it will crack.In order to keep the fillet weld of the skirt and the groove under a relatively low stress level,orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation method are used in this article to optimize the parameters of the groove.It has certain practical significance to the design and maintenance of coke drum.


The HOX subset of homeobox gene family comprises 39 genes organized in 4 clusters A-D on 4 different chromosomes and in 13 paralog groups defined across the clusters. HOX genes are important regulators of development and tissue differentiation. Dysregulated expression disturbs hematopoiesis and HOX genes are frequent partners in chromosomal translocations involved in leukemia. DNA methylation of promoter-associated CpG islands is an epigenetic modification resulting in transcriptional silencing of affected genes. Methylation pattern is faithfully copied during cell replication to subsequent cell generations and hypermethylation thus represents a permanent mark functionally equivalent to a loss-of-function mutation. Epigenetic silencing of HOX genes may disrupt normal development of blood cells and thus be involved in the development of leukemia, as was recently reported for HOXA5. We performed a comprehensive DNA methylation analysis of 22 HOX genes with CpG islands in promoter to exon 1 regions: HOXA1, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11; B1, B4, B5, B7, B8, B9, B13; C4, C5, C8, C9, C10, C13; D1 and D10 in 16 leukemic cell lines, 24 samples from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 20 samples from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 15 control samples of normal blood cells. We used bisulfite treatment of DNA, followed by PCR and pyrosequencing to quantitatively measure levels of cytosine methylation in promoter-associated CpG islands close to transcription start sites. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Overall, lymphoblastic leukemic cell lines (TALL, Raji, ALL1, JTAg, CEM, BJAB, Jurkat) showed the highest degree of HOX genes methylation (average 60%), followed by myeloid leukemic cell lines (HL60, KG1a, ML1, HEL, TF-1, OCI-AML3, K562, TF1i, KG1, average methylation 40%), p=0.000. Analysis of ALL and AML patient samples revealed significant differences in methylation levels of several HOX genes. Consistently with their reported overexpression in leukemia, HOX A9, B4, and also HOXB5 and HOXD10 were seldom methylated in AML patients (2/24, 0/24, 1/12, 7/24, respectively), while hypermethylation over a 10% cutoff value was observed frequently in ALL patients (10/20, 6/19, 6/17, 9/19, respectively). The differences in methylation were statistically significant (p


The complex politics that convulsed Turkestan in 1917 remains one of the least understood aspects of the Russian revolution. A structure of dual power emerged along the familiar liberal-radical divide, but in Turkestan both sides represented the small European (largely Russian) settler population and both were united in an attempt to exclude the indigenous population from participation in the revolutionary process. Parallel political movements developed among the local population, but the axes of division were quite different than those among the settler population. The two political movements interacted in numerous ways throughout the year, producing a pattern of conflict that was in many ways unique in the Russian empire. Western scholarship, hamstrung by lack of access to primary materials, has generally paid little attention to the topic. The slim literature that does exist either attempts to find patterns common to the revolutionary process in the capitals (here visible only among the Russian settler population), and thus to affirm the universality of the revolutionary process; or to understand revolutionary Turkestan through analogy with other borderlands and, not finding patterns deemed normative for the borderlands (for example, a strong assertion of nationalism), is content to stress their absence, taking this as proof of the backwardness of Central Asia. Whether they be William Chamberlin's "primitive Asiatic tribesmen," or Richard Pierce's "natives" who "stood apart from the revolutionary events," Central Asians are usually written out of the story of 1917.


This presentation will help you gain an edge by teaching you how to capitalize on the power of data and technology to find indicators of fraud. You will walk away from this session with a keener understanding of how to use digital tools to expose control weaknesses and violations, and will thereby be able to drive efficiency into your fraud detection and prevention programs to better safeguard your organization against fraudulent practices.


In image recognition, improving the interpretability of the recognition model can help people understand the model better and increase the trust of human beings for model prediction. The prototype-based interpretable model is a self-explanatory image recognition model that simulates the evidence reasoning used in human recognition. Each prototype is evidence that contains category features, which can help in determining the image category. Based on the prototype-based model, this paper introduces a deep interpretable network architecture called the high-quality prototypical part network (HQProtoPNet). Compared to existing work, this paper adds random erasing to enhance the picture, helping to improve prototype generation and increase model prediction. The multiple scale conversion operation is also introduced and the similarity calculation is improved to make the prototype have multiscale information and matching ability. Furthermore, the accuracy of HQProtoPNet can reach or even exceed the accuracy of several black-box models. Additionally, due to the improvement in the quality of the prototype, the model's prediction accuracy is improved by stacking without reducing the interpretability of the stacked model, which gives the model real stackability.


Negative voltages in power stages of junction-isolated Smart Power ICs turn on parasitic bipolar transistors and inject minority carriers into the substrate, which can affect the func- tionality of the chip. In order to indicate inadmissible substrate currents and to evaluate protection measures, these parasitic tran- sistors have to be included into a postlayout simulation. A method- ology has been developed for automatically generating Verilog-A models for these parasites from layout data. These models account for an inhomogeneous current flow and high electron densities in the substrate. A reasonable tradeoff between convergence behav- ior and accuracy of the model has been found. Index Terms—Bipolar transistors, nonlinearities, numerical stability, power system simulation, semiconductor device modeling.


In this creative narrative, the author intersperses the words of the kaddish, the Jewish prayer for the dead, with memories of her difficult relationship with her father.


The growth of a single-mode perturbation is described by a buoyancy-drag equation, which describes all instability stages (linear, nonlinear and asymptotic) at time-dependent Atwood number and acceleration profile. The evolution of a multimode spectrum of perturbations from a short wavelength random noise is described using a single characteristic wavelength. The temporal evolution of this wavelength allows the description of both the linear stage and the late time self-similar behavior. Model results are compared to full two-dimensional numerical simulations and shock-tube experiments of random perturbations, studying the various stages of the evolution. Extensions to the model for more complicated flows are suggested.


This paper proposes a new intelligent optimization approach to deal with the unit commitment (UC) problem by finding the optimal on/off states strategy of the units under the system constraints. The proposed method is a hybridization of the cuckoo search (CS) and the tabu search (TS) optimization techniques. The former is distinguished by its efficient global exploration mechanism, namely the levy flights, and the latter is a successful local search method. For this sake, a binary code is used for the status of units in the scheduled time horizon, and a real code is used to determine the generated power by the committed units. The proposed hybrid CS and TS (CS-TS) algorithm is used to solve the UC problem such that the CS guarantees the exploration of the whole search space, while the TS algorithm deals with the local search in order to avoid the premature convergence and prevent from trapping into local optima. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE standard systems of different scales ranging from 10 to 100 units. The results show clearly that the proposed method gives better quality solutions than the existing methods.


Learning and teaching procedures need to evolve, regarding the high technological profile most students have. The Teacher might consider that in some cases, outdated teaching methods create barriers for students who are used to interaction with modern technological gadgets and computers. Augmented Reality technology emerges as a great potential tool in the teaching environment. Augmented reality (AR) is a cost-effective technology which has the ability to coexist with paper books supplying students with more attractive and didactic contents meaning rebirth of classic textbooks. In this work we present the developed didactic material supported by AR technology for learning sketching, designation and rules of standard mechanical elements. This book has been included in the curriculum of engineering graphics subject of the Mechanical Engineering Degree in a Spanish University for performing a pilot study seeking comparison of academic performance acquired and motivation for study between two groups of students. One group uses AR based material meanwhile the other uses traditional class notes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


SYNTHESIS 2005, No. 11, pp 1901–1905xx.xx.2004 Advanced online publication: 24.11.2004 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-834920; Art ID: M07604SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: Terminal alkenes have been efficiently prepared via a rhodium-catalyzed olefination procedure using Wilkinson's catalyst in the presence of triphenylphosphine, 2-propanol and trimethylsilyldiazomethane. Optimized reaction conditions are described for aldehydes and ketones, as well as alternative work up procedures.


Frequency dependent NMR relaxation studies have been carried out on Miglyol molecules confined inside core shell polymeric capsules to obtain a correlation between capsule dimension and the measurable parameters. The polymeric capsules were prepared using an interfacial polymerization technique for three different concentrations of Miglyol. It was shown that the variation of Miglyol concentration influences the capsule dimension. Their average size was estimated using the pulsed field gradient diffusometry technique. The relaxation dispersion curves were obtained at room temperature by a combined use of a fast field cycling instrument and a high‐field instrument. The frequency dependence of relaxation rate shows a transition from a diffusion‐limited to a surface‐limited relaxation regime. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Recent work on Shirley Jackson has emphasized how Jackson masks the horror in her work to show violence and trauma embedded in ordinary domestic life. We Have Always Lived in the Castle seemingly d...


Taken a hospital practice for example,the paper explored the hospital adverse event initiative reporting process and strategy.It is important for timely detection of security risks and health care quality improvement to develop active adverse e-vent reporting system,design electronic reporting process,investigate adverse events by using of root cause analysis,introduce in-centives and protection mechanisms to promote the initiative reporting of adverse events.


The invention relates to a chip capable of resisting invasive attacks, a manufacturing method thereof and an attack detection method. The chip capable of resisting invasive attacks comprises more than two contact points, a conductive medium and a detection circuit, wherein the more than two contact points extend to the outer surface of the chip from the internal part of the chip; the conductive medium is attached onto the outer surface of the chip; the detection circuit is integrated in the chip and is used for detecting the interconnection information between the at least two contact points among the more than two contact points to obtain reference data information. The reference data information is stored in a nonvolatile memory of the chip. When the chip is electrified, the interconnection information between the at least two contact points is detected again to obtain assessment data information. According to the reference data information and the assessment data information, whether the chip is exposed to the invasive attacks or not is judged. The chip capable of resisting invasive attacks, the manufacturing method thereof and the attack detection method have the advantages that the process of chip self-detection for detecting whether a package is damaged or not can be realized and an attack resisting effect is reached.


The invention provides a wind power generation system capable of being started at a low wind speed in an auxiliary mode. According to the wind power generation system capable of being started at the low wind speed in the auxiliary mode, the effect that a motor is started at the low wind speed is achieved, a control strategy can be adjusted in real time according to the wind speed, and therefore the output power of the motor can be effectively improved.


Chryseobacterium spp. are Gram-negative, aerobic, nonfermentative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive nonmotile bacilli that produce yellow to orange pigment. We report three cases of complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Chryseobacterium indologenes in patients with obstructive uropathy. The first case was a known case of diabetes mellitus with right emphysematous pyelonephritis and obstructive uropathy due to prostate enlargement. The patient underwent dialysis for renal failure and subsequently developed UTI by multidrug-resistant C. indologenes. The second case was 72 years old known case of ischemic heart disease. He had acute retention of urine that was relieved after catheterization. He had obstructive uropathy due to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and had developed UTI due to C. indologenes. The third case was 38-year-old unmarried female admitted for difficulty in micturition and was catheterized for the same. Obstructive uropathy was due to two fibroids, first fibroid was 9.2 cm × 9.2 cm sized subserosal in the lower segment of the uterus on posterior wall (posterior cervical fibroid) and second fibroid was approximately 1.5 cm × 2.1 cm fundal fibroid; however, the patient developed UTI on the 7th day of catheterization due to C. indologenes. These cases were treated by relieving urinary obstruction and appropriate antibiotic treatment as per antibiotic susceptibility test results.


Isolated pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare entity even in the endemic areas presenting with a masquerading symptoms of ranging from acute or chronic pancreatitis to carcinoma of pancreas with biliary obstruction to being totally asymptomatic. These cases show good response to antitubercular therapy with a good overall prognosis.


Objective: Carfilzomib (CFZ) improves the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but has shown cardiovascular toxicity. The cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) risk stratification now seems well established, while little is known about the course and management of patients with high risk or CVAEs during therapy. So, we aimed to describe our specialistic experience in decision-making to support health professionals in selecting the best management strategies to prevent and treat CVAEs. Design and method: From January 2015 to September 2022, 194 patients with indication to CFZ underwent baseline evaluation of CVAEs risk and were prospectively followed. We proposed a novel approach with inducible ischemia imaging tests for patients at high baseline CV risk to rule out clinical conditions that could contraindicate the starting of CFZ. Results: After baseline evaluation, 16 (8.2%) patients resulted at high risk of CVAEs: 13 (6.7%) patients performed inducible myocardial ischemia imaging test and 3 (1.5%) could not receive CFZ for CV contraindications. 178 (91.7%) patients started CFZ: 82 (46%) experienced arterial hyperten-sion-related events and 37 (20.8%) major CVAEs (Fig. 1); 19 (10.7%) patients had to suspend or remodulate CFZ. Conclusions: Together with baseline risk stratification also subsequent cardiovascular clinical and diagnostic follow-up appeared critical to identify clinical conditions that could contraindicate the anti-cancer therapy.


The development history of industry silicon and the future development trend of large-scale industrialization are overviewed.The technology development for carbon electrode and the method for testing the quality of carbon electrodes are discussed.The optimization of the operation parameters of the furnace for silicon is a necessity for making effective use of carbon electrodes.


We are given a training set S = {(xi, yi), 1 ≤ i ≤ m}, where each xi is an instance in some space X, e.g. a feature vector over Rd, and yi is a binary label (classification). For example, xi could be a set of features of an email message and y could be a label indicating whether it is spam or not. We assume that yi = f(xi) where f : X → {0, 1} is the correct labeling of the message, i.e., the ground truth. We also assume that each xi is drawn independently from some distribution D over the instance space.


Through shared real-time traffic information and perception of complex environments, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are endowed with global decision-making capabilities far beyond that of human drivers. Given more traffic lights information, this planning ability can be greatly strengthened. This study proposed an adaptive speed planning method of CAVs based on multi-light trained deep reinforcement learning (DRL), aiming to improve the fuel economy and comfort of CAVs. By setting a reasonable reward function, the training algorithm takes the key environmental information received by the vehicle as inputs, and finally outputs the acceleration that maximizes the cumulative reward. The results show that the trained DRL agent can adapt to variable scenarios with traffic lights, and quickly solve the approximate optimal speed trajectory. Multi-light DRL models save 6.79% fuel compared with single-light ones and have better performance on fuel economy and computational efficiency than a non-RL method using multi-light optimization.


Starter activities • Show a scenario card to the whole group and discuss how you would deal with the scenario – explain that this is an 'action plan'; • Explain why action plans are used; • Discuss what could be done in an accident situation and why it is important to collect the correct information before getting help; • The students can produce a table with two columns; in the first column they list any dangers or hazards and in the second column they list how they would deal with each one.


Because corn (Zea mays L.) production may cause soil degradation, cultural systems to minimize this degradation are required. Intercropping of corn with legumes may reduce such degradation, but effects on corn yields must be evaluated. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of a red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) intercrop in conjunction with spring ploughing on the yield of grain corn on two soil types: a Chicot sandy loam and a Ste-Rosalie clay loam. A split-plot experimental design established on each soil consisted of three cultural practices as the main plots and three rates of N fertilizer as the split plots. Corn yields decreased significantly from 1987 to 1989 in conjunction with an increase in the biomass produced by the intercropped red clover and the weeds that it harboured. However, spring ploughing of this biomass rather than fall incorporation had no negative effects on the yield of corn. Although in the case of fall ploughing the presence of red clover did allow for the accu...


Understanding the factors causing groups to engage in coordinating behaviour has been an active research area for decades. In this thesis, we study this problem using a novel dataset of crowd behaviour from an online experiment hosted by Reddit. This experiment allowed users to attempt to build an image alone, or to work collaboratively in the hope of building something greater. We use data provided by Reddit, in addition to crowdsourced coordination information, in order to compare this experiment with a platform containing many similarities to our experiment: Wikipedia. Comparison with Wikipedia shows that many behavioural trends appear to generalize across domains. We go on to construct an agent-based model of the experiment, allowing investigation into the effects of spontaneous and planned coordination. We find that while coordinated work leads to significant productivity improvements in concentrated areas, there is little effect on the experiment as a whole as a result of coordination.


The Development of Some Characteristics of Starches extracted from Normal Corn and Amylomaize Grains during their Formation. Within the research work on the evolution of corn grains constituents with different amylose contents, during their development, a study has been carried on the starch content of corn grains, amylose content of starch grains, microscopical and submicroscopical aspects of starch grains and their crystalline organization marked by X rays diffraction.

The quantity of starch synthetized for one corn grain is stated as all the more important as the amylose content of grain is lower.

For amylomaizes, it is pointed out that the determination of amylose content of starch carried on at 2°C leads to higher values than at 20°C. The difference between the results might be ascribed to the presence of a glucidic fraction reacting as amylose and synthetized in a relatively important proportion at the beginning of corn grain formation, and later on becoming diluted with the other amylaceous components.

The increasing stability of amylomaize starches when thermically treated might correlate with their amylose content.


Unprecedented access to multi-temporal satellite imagery has opened new perspectives for a variety of Earth observation tasks. Among them, pixel-precise panoptic segmentation of agricultural parcels has major economic and environmental implications. While researchers have explored this problem for single images, we argue that the complex temporal patterns of crop phenology are better addressed with temporal sequences of images. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end, single-stage method for panoptic segmentation of Satellite Image Time Series (SITS). This module can be combined with our novel image sequence encoding network which relies on temporal self-attention to extract rich and adaptive multi-scale spatiotemporal features. We also introduce PASTIS, the first open-access SITS dataset with panoptic annotations. We demonstrate the superiority of our encoder for semantic segmentation against multiple competing architectures, and set up the first state-of-the-art of panoptic segmentation of SITS. Our implementation and PASTIS are publicly available.


The sound field generated by a rocket engine is rotationally symmetric about the axis of the jet exhaust, and therefore the directional characteristics can be represented by a Fourier series. An expression is derived that shows that the acoustical power can be calculated directly from the Fourier coefficients. A method is presented by which the number of terms necessary to define the sound field within a given error can be determined. The acoustical characteristics of several large rocket engines are briefly examined in this paper.


Abstract Critical logistics studies find that government legitimacy has faltered due to contemporary supply chain capitalism and its logistical mediation. They also find that the ongoing pandemic has extended the government's logistical power. This paper attempts to analyze the Macao government's application of logistical media, the device used for the coordination of people, goods, and information during the pandemic. Three types of performance will be discussed: 1. the urban infrastructure functioned to disseminate information and mobilize people, such as the typhoon alert system; 2. location-based functions of smart cards, which have failed to track data for epidemiological surveys; and 3. the interoperability of management systems between different local governments that needed to be fixed. All of these factors complicatedly affect the legitimacy of the government rather than merely enhancing or contesting it in an either/or approach.


We have previously shown that the clinical manifestations of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) correlate with an early increased secretion of TNFα and IL-1. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of two therapeutic modalities which lower TNFα production or activity, on the clinical manifestations of the disease. Experimental SLE was induced in naive C3H.SW mice by injection of the human anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (mAb) bearing the common idiotype, 16/6 Id. Two weeks after booster injections, treatment with either an anti-TNFα mAb, or pentoxiphylline (PTX) was started, for a period of 6 weeks. Production of TNFα (by splenocytes) and IL-1 (by peritoneal macrophages) was determined 3 and 7 months after disease induction. The experimental mice were also followed for disease manifestations. Both treatment protocols, with anti-TNFα mAb and with PTX, reduced the production of the two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL-1, in mice with experimental SLE. Anti-DNA antibodies were significantly lower in the mice treated with either protocol. In addition, a significantly lower rate of leukopenia, proteinuria and immune complex deposition was observed in treated mice. Abrogation of TNFα and IL-1 production in the early stages of experimental SLE by an anti-TNFα mAb or by PTX improves the clinical status of mice affiicted with this autoimmune disease.


Background: Polymorphisms in the genes controlling acquired somatic mutations may explain some of the observed differences in susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by cigarettes. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and susceptibility to COPD. Methods and patients: Seventy patients with COPD and 64 healthy-smoker subjects were included. Polymorphisms of the p53 block were delineated using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The allele-specific PCR technique was verified by direct dideoxy sequencing of PCR products. Results: The genotype was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique with genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. The distribution frequencies of genotypes of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism were significantly different between the COPD and the control groups. Higher odds ratios (ORs) for COPD were seen for individuals with p53 Pro/Pro and Arg/Pro genotypes against Arg/Arg genotype [OR=2.50, 95% Cl 1.47-4.49, p=0.008]. Conclusion: The p53 codon 72 polymorphism was significantly associated with the presence of smoking-related COPD.


T narrative arc of this morality tale—for that is what David Milne has written—begins in hope and ends in tragedy. More prosaically, it is the author's take on Walt Whitman Rostow's role in the formation and implementation of Vietnam War policy, especially concerning the air war against North Vietnam. In his Introduction the author lays out the details of his argument. His fundamental assumption, from which all else flows, is that despite the good intentions of the United States, the Vietnam War was an avoidable disaster essentially brought about by American actions, and that Walt Rostow, as assistant to the president for national security affairs, played a critical role in causing and shaping that disaster. Also in the Introduction Milne explains his attention-grabbing title. Calling Rostow "Rasputin" (a nickname coined by Averell Harriman, who despised Rostow) is "emotive," he admits, because the characterization "leads one to visualize a conniving sinister character in possession of preternatural powers of persuasion." Milne


The theory of discrete, abstract groups, as presented in current texts, consists of investigations of various special classes of groups: it has very few completely general results. For some classes (say, for finite groups) the investigations have been extensive and successful; in a few cases (say, for finitely generated abelian groups) they have even reached a sense of completeness. The choice of some of these classes was dictated by the needs of other branches of mathematics. Many more were introduced with the view of extending the scope of certain powerful but special results, and a large part of the literature is taken up by elaborate counterexamples which mark the limits of these generalizations. In so far as one is looking for some kind of classification theory, it is immediately evident that the classes investigated were chosen by historical accident rather than by any master plan, and so far do not appear to form the initial part of a pattern which could be enlarged and completed in the future.


In this paper, the artificial neural network is used to find the number of equivalent magnetic dipoles needed by the reconstruction of interference sources. First, we obtain the radiation field generated by the unknown source, and then obtain its plane wave spectrum through the two-dimensional Fourier transform. The amplitude pattern of the plane wave spectrum is used to find the number of magnetic dipoles, where the artificial neural network is trained for this purpose. In this way, we can obtain more accurate information of the number of magnetic dipoles, which is help for the reconstruction of the interference source during the electromagnetic interference analysis.


Understanding attitudes toward marriage at older ages is increasingly important as young adults delay marriage and large numbers of people return to the marriage market after divorce. This study examines age differences in the desire to marry among singles age 18 to 69 years, taking into account selection into marriage. Using data drawn from the General Social Survey (GSS), multinomial regressions show that single men and women age 55 to 69 years have less desire to marry than younger single men and women. This age difference in single people's desire to marry is not fully explained by differences in factors that are likely to affect the real or perceived gains from marriage, such as personal resources, children, experience of divorce, or religiosity.


Broad scope of knowledge management and its interdisciplinary nature spans traditional functions and professional boundaries. Knowledge sharing is process of exchanging and communicating knowledge and information between employees in an organization. It refers to transmitting knowledge from the place where it is stored to the situation where it is used and vice versa. Various factors can influence and contribute to the quality and form of the shared knowledge. Goal of this paper is to present findings on knowledge sharing and performance management and the impact of motivation on knowledge management. In the empirical part, a preliminary research on relationship between knowledge sharing, performance management of employees is presented. This relationship was observed in small IT and was tested using PLS– SEM techniques.


This paper introduces the Basic Ordnance Observation Management System, a prototype application supporting geovisual exploration and analysis of improvised explosive device (IED) incidents. Use of IEDs by terrorist cells has increased in geographic scale, frequency, and sophistication due to the relative cheap cost of acquiring the materials and the ease in keeping such weaponry covert. The Basic Ordnance Observational Management System is designed to facilitate spatiotemporal sensemaking of the IED incident dataset maintained by the National Counter Terrorism Center, Worldwide Incident Tracking System. The application expands upon existing geovisual analytics tools for understanding patterns, trends, and anomalies in IED activity through provision of a suite of capabilities that include: flexible spatial and temporal aggregates of the IED dataset; linked spatial, temporal, and attribute views of the incident information; temporal re-expression, particularly the generation of linear and composite sequences of the IED dataset; and temporal animation across IED activity, with 'VCR' controls and an interactive temporal legend to control the animation as well as visual benchmarks to assist with interpretation of the animation.


Hydrocele with intraabdominal extension is a rare condition in children. We managed 10 hydrocele in 7 infants (3 bilateral and 4 unilateral). Eight hydrocele were abdominoscrotal and two were abdominoinguinal which represents intraabdominal extension of encysted hydrocele. Obstetric history of 6 mothers of this present study's patients supported the authors' previously proposed explanation of the push-up of the hydrocele intraabdominally by ex- ternal pressure on the scrotoinguinal compartment, this pressure is created by strong uterine contractions or intra-uterine fetal position. In this paper, we present our experience in management of this condition including some of its important clinical and morphological features. Additionally, we propose to call this condition as "Hydrocele with intraabdominal extension" which in- cludes abdominoscrotal and abdominoinguinal in males and the ab- dominoinguinal (pushed up hydrocele of canal of Nuck) in females.


Abstract : Erosive particle impact frequency-dependent mechanisms are examined to determine potentially important spatial and time-dependent interactions which can influence flight and ground test erosion performance. Specific consideration is given to the interaction of incident erosive particles with impact-generated ejecta and to the shielding effect which this interaction can have on the observed material erosion characteristics. It is concluded that debris shielding does not occur to any significant degree in the real flight environment, but could be a potential problem in correlating high concentration range/track test results.


Readily available β-carbonyl-substituted aldehydes are shown to be exceptional substrates for Rh-catalyzed intermolecular alkene and alkyne hydroacylation reactions. By using cationic rhodium catalysts incorporating bisphosphine ligands, efficient and selective reactions are achieved for β-amido, β-ester, and β-keto aldehyde substrates, providing a range of synthetically useful 1,3-dicarbonyl products in excellent yields. A correspondingly broad selection of alkenes and alkynes can be employed. For alkyne substrates, the use of a catalyst incorporating the Ampaphos ligand triggers a regioselectivity switch, allowing both linear and branched isomers to be prepared with high selectivity in an efficient manner. Structural data, confirming aldehyde chelation, and a proposed mechanism are provided.


An important period in the development of the child is a toddler years. leanguage ability  is an indicator of the whole development of the child. Lack of stimulation will cause speech and language disorders even these disorders can be settled. Long-term observation stated that 42.5% children who have speech and language delays at risk of difficulty learning, difficulty reading and writing and will cause less academic achievement overall, in some cases have a low IQ. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with infant language development at Health UPTD 2016. Base quantitative research methods, this kind of research is analytic with study case control design.The population in this study are all mothers who have children in UPTD Health Baserah 2015 are 1248 people, with the samples using a ratio of 1: 1,  43 with a sample of cases and 43 with a control sample, sampling technique using systematic random sampling and data analysis using Chi-Square . The results showed correlation between knowledge with toddler language development, there is a connection with the development of language parenting a toddler, and no socio-economic relations dengann toddler language development. For health workers is expected to provide information to mothers who have children in the prevention and early detection of developmental language  delays.


A study has been made of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted during triaxial compression of granite. Changes in EMR activity with loading are shown to be strongly correlated with changes in Poisson's ratio but not with Young's modulus.


Amsterdam—Faced with budget constraints, the government announced a round of reforms in 1994 designed to shorten the time it takes students to complete their studies. Dutch universities have also begun to move away from a system based on equality among institutions to one in which universities specialize in particular fields and offer courses geared more to excellence.


Cation-exchange resins have not fulfilled early expectations. Those in clinical use do not retain much sodium in the feces when dietary sodium is much restricted. Comparison of the sodium and potassium bound by a resin, in equilibrium with presumably normal electrolytes as found in the terminal ileum, with the amounts of those ions in the feces, permits an over-all evaluation of two major factors operating in the gastrointestinal tract. These are a decreased sodium concentration in the terminal ileal contents when sodium intake is restricted and an absorptive power of the colon sufficient to detach sodium from the resin.


In the model tests,4 piles are pressed into homogeneous sand ground near slope top.The laws of compacting effect of jacked group piles near slope top are studied.First,loading equipment is a modified CLD-3 static penetration.Second,a digital camera records the process of the model tests.Then an image processing software is used to deal with the effective pictures.Finally,the radial and vertical displacement of entire slope can be obtained.By analyzing different influences and effects on the slope from each pile,we can find out the changing laws of slope displacement in the pressing-piles process.


As media stories continue about ambulances unable to unload patients because of full hospital beds, overcrowded emergency departments (EDs), and escalating pressures on our health system, frustration is rising for clinicians and ED staff trying to cope with the patient demand coming through the door. The aim of the recently introduced National Emergency Access Target (NEAT) is that, by 2015, 90% of all patients presenting to an ED will depart from the ED within 4 hours (by being admitted, referred elsewhere or discharged home). The NEAT has been introduced to drive measureable systemic change in removing obstacles to patient fl ow that contribute to ED overcrowding. It is distinct from the previously used measure of ED fl ow, access block, which only applied to admitted patients, and it requires a suite of new solutions to improve patient fl ow. The fi rst report from the National Health Performance Authority on patient time spent in the ED, published in December 2012 (http://www.myhospitals.gov.au/ publications/time-in-emergencydepartment/december-2012/report), shows that most hospitals have a long way to go to achieve the target, with major metropolitan hospitals facing the biggest challenge. Researchers in health care service delivery from the Commonwealth Scientifi c and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) are working with hospital clinicians and administrators across Australia to help them meet the requirements of the NEAT. Through analysing hospital datasets, CSIRO researchers can assist in building evidence-driven strategies needed to improve capacity management and identify and ease bottlenecks without compromising care. An overview of CSIRO's modelling of patient fl ow, Evidence driven strategies for meeting hospital performance targets (http://www. csiro.au/patientfl ow), was released in February 2013. This collaborative research has shown that ED arrivals, admissions and discharges are remarkably predictable. This fi nding is leading to new solutions that use predicted demand to give increased control of day-to-day operations; for example, proactive bed management and ED planning, and optimisation of inpatient bed confi guration. Patient fl ow modelling enables a powerful positive culture change, by using site-specifi c data to drive productivity improvements and giving staff knowledge of likely demand for services. While we cannot control it, we can plan for it — and that has to be a good thing. From the CSIRO Digital Productivity and Services Flagship


Artifact-centric modeling has become an alternative, yet promising approach of business process (BP) modeling and management as it provides higher flexibility than that of traditional activity-centric approaches. However, existing BP execution engines require artifact-centric models be transformed to executable activity-centric BP languages (e.g., BPEL) in order to be executed and managed. We argue that the model conversion incurs losses of information and affects traceability and monitoring ability of BPs, especially where BPs span across inter-organizations. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an execution platform for artifact- centric BPs. We evaluated our platform using a case study and that can demonstrate several key benefits over the use of existing systems to run artifact- centric BPs.


Poverty is a problem insofar as low incomes create complications for those who are not poor and this can be a real tragedy. From this arises the concern on the part of the current governments to manage a healthy, equitable and visionary social investment that diminishes poverty and equates living standards. The objective of the present work is to determine the incidence of Social Investment (Education, Health, Labor, Housing and Social Welfare) on poverty, using as an indicator the Sen Index in Ecuador over a period of 10 years, through a model linear econometric with Ordinary Least Squares. When establishing the incidence of the sectoral social investment (Education, Health, Social Welfare, Urban Development and Housing, Labor) in the Sen Index, complying with an optimal model most of the sectors with the exception of Social Welfare, have incidence in the Sen Index of Ecuador.


a Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; b Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; c Department of Psychological, Health, and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; d Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark Received: August 10, 2018 Accepted after revision: September 13, 2018 Published online: September 28, 2018


Upgrading or migrating a build system can be a daunting task. Complete build system migration requires significant effort. To make the process more effective, we automated the first steps of migrat ...


This paper aims to contribute to the biological knowledge of the Red-tailed Amazon Amazona brasiliensis (LINNAEUS, 1758) in the wild. Considered as an endangered amazon (Red Data Book, 1981) and listed in the Official List of Endagered Animals of the Brasilian Fauna (Decree ne 3481-DN), this bird was studied in order to know its current geographical distribution, known as being for the southernmost states of Brazil; daily movements; reproductive biology; monthly quantitative fluctuation of the population in an overnight roosting point; vocalization and food. The quantitative fluctuation of the amazon flocks that daily migrates to the roosting place was analised in the Pinheiro Island (Guaraqueçaba Bay, state of Paraná) during 13 monthly samples, 2 to 3 days long, in the afternoon every 30 minutes, from December 1984 to December 1985 and considering the origin of the flocks. The average amount of amazon was 540, being the maximum 754 specimens and the minimum 370 ones during August and February respectively. The highest number of amazons arrives to the Pinheiro Island around 17:00 and 17:30 o'clock in 9 out the 13 samples. Census were acomplished in the geographical distribution


The invention discloses a designated area exposure method for an intelligent mower, and an intelligent mower. The intelligent mower is equipped with an image acquisition module, an image processing module and a communication module. The image acquisition module is used for acquiring image information of a position where the intelligent mower stays, and sending the image information in the form of image data streams to the image processing module by means of the communication module. The image processing module analyzes and processes the image to determine whether abnormal exposure exists, and sends a corresponding exposure adjusting instruction to the image acquisition module if the abnormal exposure exists. The image acquisition module receives instruction information, conducts corresponding adjustment and then acquires image information again. In this way, the exposure intensity of the intelligent mower can be changed on the basis of different outdoor illumination conditions by carrying out the above steps repeatedly in a cyclic manner, so images can be identified more accurately.


The increasing numbers of infected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) poses serious threats to public health and the global economy. Most SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibodies target the receptor binding domain (RBD) and some the N‐terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein, which is the major antigen of SARS‐CoV‐2. While the antibody response to RBD has been extensively characterized, the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the NTD protein are less well studied. Using 227 plasma samples from COVID‐19 patients, we showed that SARS‐CoV‐2 NTD‐specific antibodies could be induced during infection. As compared to the results of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD, the serological response of SARS‐CoV‐2 NTD is less cross‐reactive with SARS‐CoV, a pandemic strain that was identified in 2003. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies are rarely elicited in a mice model when NTD is used as an immunogen. We subsequently demonstrate that NTD has an altered antigenicity when expressed alone. Overall, our results suggest that while NTD offers a supplementary strategy for serology testing, it may not be suitable as an immunogen for vaccine development.


10 min-averaged wind speed data have been measured with a mini-sodar for 13 months subsequently at different sites in level terrain and on hill tops in Germany in the last three years. The data presented here is from a height range between 25 and 140 m above ground, the vertical resolution is 5 to 10 m. From the data monthly mean diurnal courses of wind speed and of directional shear have been computed as well as monthly mean vertical profiles of the scale factor and the shape parameter of the WEIBULL wind speed frequency distribution. These profiles extend beyond the top of the surface layer into the EKMAN layer. Therefore the profiles have to be described by EKMAN layer laws instead of by surface layer laws if they have to be extrapolated upward. Typical features of the profiles characterizing level terrain and hill top sites have been analyzed. Most prominent feature is the maximum of the shape parameter at the top of the surface layer. Implications for the siting of wind turbines are discussed.


Sarraute came to theatre unwillingly; yet the medium, is one that has served her literary project - dialogue in conflict - best, despite - because of? - the freedom she left interpretation.


Purpose: Several exploratory, conceptual, and empirical studies on investing behaviour and financial literacy have been undertaken in economics, finance, psychology, business, and management. However, no attempt has been undertaken thus far to offer a full scientific mapping of the area. As a result, the study attempts to elicit the tendency in the scientific sector via the synthesising of information structures.
Design & Methodology: A bibliometric study of 420 papers in the area on financial literacy as well as investments research was conducted using a scientific search method ran on the scopus database from 2002 to 2022. The study made use of Biblioshiny, a web-based application contained in the Bibliometrix package written in R (Ariaa and Cuccurullo, 2017). Using the software's automated process, notable journals, authors, nations, articles, and topics were discovered, and citation, co-citation, and social network analyses were performed.
Findings: The findings indicate that the topics of financial literacy with investment have grown through time as a multidisciplinary discipline.  In addition to the conceptual structure, the present study discloses the domain's intellectual and social structure. This study sheds light on issues that require additional exploration.
Research Limitations: Because the current study is a bibliometric analysis, the limitations associated with such studies apply. A comprehensive study of the literature might be beneficial for future scholars in developing a robust conceptual framework. The Scopus database was used for this study because it has a greater coverage of high-quality publications in structured forms that are compatible with the Bibliometrix programme. The quality and extent of the current literature limit the scope of the review. The methodology and populations analysed in the papers that make up the review differ, limiting the ability to be generalised of the findings.
Practical Implications: The current study sheds light on financial literacy, investments, and their interrelationships. It emphasises the most addressed challenges in the field and points to potential study opportunities. It educates future scholars about emerging topics, settings, and cooperation opportunities in this field by showing the domain's social and intellectual structure.
Social Implications: The review has important social implications, as investment has significant implications for individual and societal welfare. Improving financial literacy and investment behavior can enhance financial well-being, reduce inequality, and promote economic growth.
Originality/Value: This study gives a detailed summary of existing financial literacy and investment information on global Level. The study synthesises a wide range of studies, finds similar patterns, and offers insights into the variables influencing investing behaviour.


Against the backdrop of the changing landscape of foreign and domestic policies, the chapter gives a critical review of Ghana's shared growth agenda. Based on an assessment of poverty reduction between 1992-2006 and on a simulation of growth since 2006, two key questions arise. First, in view of a continual and increasing role of FDI and external debts, will Ghana be able to negotiate favourable conditions with its foreign partners without compromising on the need to complement the low domestic savings with savings from abroad? Second, giving the expansion of extractive industries and their suppliers in the southern regions, how will poorest population groups benefit from growth, particularly those in the northern regions?


Immanuel Kant's notion of modality and his classification of judgments with respect to modality have been vehemently criticized by Lovejoy in his work titled 'Kant's Classification of the Forms of Judgment' in 'Kant: Disputed questions'. Lovejoy has claimed that categorization of modal judgments as problematic, assertoric and apodeictic by Kant coincides largely with the earlier classification of Lambert of these judgments as possible, actual and necessary. According to Lovejoy, Kant's innovation lies only in the introduction of new terminologies. Terming the definition as ambiguous and incoherent, Lovejoy argued that the ambiguities obfuscate a significant logical distinction that his predecessors had clearly drawn. He suggests that Kant's interpretation of modality led to two distinct and incompatible concepts one of which seems to introduce a subjectivism in the doctrine of objective categories and the other appear to reduce the categories of relation to those of modality. Lovejoy however clarified that apodeictic judgment is an exception here as it does not fit into the same scheme as problematic and assertoric. The present work attempts to review Lovejoy's objections to Kant's treatment of the Modality of Judgments. Arguments are put forward to suggest that Kant's originality with respect to classification of the modal judgments cannot be denied. Contact Information of Corresponding author: Office Address: Vidyasagar College 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane Kolkata 700 006 INDIA Residential Address: Lake District 74/1, Narkeldanga Main Road Block 4, Flat 1I Kolkata 700 054 INDIA email: email@example.com ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: PHI2012-0198 6 Kant's notion of modality and his classification of judgments with respect to it have been vehemently criticized by A. O. Lovejoy [1]. He claims that the idea of classifying judgments with respect to modality is not original with Kant. According to him, Kant's innovation here consists only in the introduction of new terminologies. He further points out that Kant's definition of modality is ambiguous, and this ambiguity renders the whole classification incoherent and obfuscates a significant logical distinction that had been clearly drawn by his immediate predecessors. Let us first consider Kant's definition of modality and a difficulty associated with this definition which is somewhat obscure. This would be followed by a discussion on Kant's classification of judgments with respect to modality. While defining modality, Kant observes, 'The modality of judgments is a quite peculiar function. Its distinguishing characteristic is that it contributes nothing to the content of the judgment (for, besides quantity, quality, and relation, there is nothing that constitutes the content of a judgment), but concerns only the value of copula in relation to thought in general' [2]. It appears that Kant's assertion that quality, quantity, and relation constitute the content of a judgment contradicts his demand that forms of judgment must be taken into account. In his Critique of Pure Reason [3], where he defines modality, he is concerned only with the classification of forms of judgment. So his classification with respect to quantity, quality, and relation is obviously a classification of the forms of judgment. This shows that quantity, quality, and relation constitute the formal structure of judgments. Hence, to say that quality, quantity, and relation constitute the content of a judgment seems to contradict his demand. Nevertheless, by saying that quantity, quality, and relation constitute the content of a judgment, Kant does not mean that these, like particular objects, concern some judgments and not others. Actually what he wanted to express is that they are concerned with the way in which the constituents of a judgment must be combined, while the distinctions of the possible, the actual, and the necessary are concerned with the nature of the judgment as a whole. Kant's contention can be explained as follows: The constituents of the categorical judgment are subject and predicate; now, the difference in quantity and quality depends on the way in which these are combined. This difference has nothing to do with the difference of content in the subject and predicate concepts. For example, the difference between the affirmative and negative judgments which are classified under qualitative judgments depends on the way in which the subject and predicate are related. In the affirmative judgment (S is P) a predicate is ascribed to a subject, whereas in the negative judgment (S is not P) the predicate is denied of a subject. The difference in the way in which the constituents of these two judgments are related is evident from the difference in their linguistic forms. This difference in the linguistic forms of these two judgments lies in the fact that in the affirmative categorical judgment the expression is or are occurs between the subject and the predicate, whereas in the negative judgment we find also the expression not. But modal judgments are not concerned with the way in which the subject and the predicate are related. In the case of such a ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: PHI2012-0198 7 judgment we consider the logical status of the whole judgment in relation to the subject (in the sense of the judgmentmaker). In whatever manner the subject and the predicate may be combined, the whole judgment may be thought problematically or assertorically or apodeictically. In this sense, differences in quality, quantity, and relation may be said to concern differences in the content of the judgment, i.e. the way in which the subject and predicate are combined; but differences in modality do not. As differences in content (the way in which the constituents are related) are evident from the linguistic forms of the judgments, these differences might be termed as differences in formal as opposed to material content. Hence Kant's assertion here suggests that quantity, quality, and relation constitute the formal content of a judgment. So there is no contradiction between Kant's above-mentioned demand and his definition of modality. A discussion on his classification of modal judgments would be now appropriate. Kant classified modal judgments as problematic, assertoric and apodeictic. According to him, problematic judgments are those in which affirmation or negation is accepted as merely possible (optional) and are of the form 'S may be P' or 'S is possibly P' (in case of affirmation), or 'S may not be P' or 'S is possibly not P' (in case of negation). In assertoric judgments, affirmation or negation is regarded as real or true, e.g. 'S actually is P' or 'S is actually not P'. In apodeictic judgments, we look on affirmation or negation as necessary. Such judgments are of the form 'S must be P' (or 'S is necessarily P'), or 'S cannot be P'. Now an exposition of Lovejoy's criticism of Kant will be in order. Kant's tripartite division of modal judgments as problematic, assertoric and apodeictic more or less coincides, Lovejoy contends, with the earlier logician Lambert's classification of judgment as possible, actual, necessary. The principle underlying Lambert's classification consists in the relation of the subjects and predicates of the propositions from the standpoint of our knowledge of the compossibility of concepts. According to this principle, a proposition is called possible if its subject and predicate can be conceived as compossible. In other words, all judgments are possible in so far as they are not self contradictory. A possible judgment cannot be declared as true apart from empirical verification. 'An actual judgment', on the other hand, 'is one which being possible, is also empirically found to be true. And a necessary judgment is one of which the truth may be known from the impossibility of conceiving the subject in accordance with the terms of its own definition when the predicate is negated of it' [1]. Lovejoy contends that Kant, without altering the meaning of Lambert's expressions 'possible', 'actual', and 'necessary' has replaced them only by new terminologies, viz., problematic, assertoric, and apodeictic. Lovejoy proceeds to accuse Kant of confusing the clear and consistent division of modal judgments that had been drawn by his predecessors, holding that this confusion is due to his ambiguous definition of modality. Lovejoy observes that Kant's statement that modality concerns only the value of copula in relation to thought in general, at first appears to mean 'that the modality of a judgment consists in the (subjective) degree of ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: PHI2012-0198 8 confidence with which it is affirmed'[1]. Lovejoy says that although it may be one of the several notions in Kant's mind, it does not fit the categories included under modality. For if the categories under modality were derived from modal judgments which reflect subjective degrees of confidence, it would be impossible to justify their objective validity. Again, it is not consistent with the rest of the discussion. For Kant's intention is to derive all categories from one single principle, namely the faculty of judgment or thought, and not from the subjective degrees of confidence. Lovejoy finds a second sense of modality in Kant. In this sense, Kant identifies modality with the relation of conditionality between one truth and another. Kant observes: 'Thus the two judgments, the relation of which constitutes the hypothetical judgment (antecedens et consequens), and likewise the judgments the reciprocal relation of which forms the disjunctive judgment (members of the division), are one and all problematic only' [4]. In a hypothetical judgment, the consequent is affirmed to be true only under a condition, i.e., the condition of the truth of the antecedent which is not affirmed. Moreover, the disjunctive judgments can also be grouped under the single genus of problematic judgments. For, in a disjun


One professor of literature renounces his fight to discriminate wrong from right readings. He succumbs to pressures from theorists and practitioners in the profession at large and enters a world of unimagined intellectual freedom. After all, to suggest that some readings might be wrong is not only to engage in intellectual discrimination, but to enter into complicity with a number of imperious gestures that carry dire political consequences. Coming to terms with his newfound freedom to embrace all interpretations of texts as equally valid, he outlines for those who follow thirteen rules that guide hermeneutical practice in our postmodern age.


The impact of grossly polluted waters of the Budha Nallah on the water quality in the realm of physico‐chemical characteristics of the river Satluj after its confluence with the river was studied. The analysis of water at downstream spot (3 km after the point of confluence of Budha Nallah) revealed a significant increase in the levels of free‐CO2, alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, sulphates, water soluble phosphates, nitrates, ammonia, suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD), whereas levels of dissolved oxygen and pH declined when compared with the water quality at the upstream spot (3 km before the point of confluence of Budha Nallah).


Environmental protection and National Energy Balance. Geographical Considerations in the Perspective of a Process of Virtuous Innovation . – The EU's European Environmental Agency defines the target of pollution limits to be observed by our member's for the progressive reduction of environmental impact. Italy as a whole respects the limits of the Effort Sharing Decision to 2020, but presents problems of concentration of NO2 and PM10 in many urban areas. Analyzing national energy consumption, we identify the geopolitical and geoeconomic structural causes that condition the structure of the hydrocarbon dependence of the National Energy Balance. Within this "scenario", the contribution discusses the strategies and interventions necessary for the reshaping of energy consumption towards stable results of active environmental balance.