Development interventions can yield positive and negative results, as well as intended and unintended outcomes affecting community health and well-being. The normative needs-based approach to development assumes that expertise, introduced from outside a community, is necessary to determine what a community needs and how those needs can be met. In a needs-based approach, populations are assessed according to predetermined criteria identified as the basic requirements for human development, regardless of context. Thus, what is identified to be needed or missing in a given group is determined according to a value system and criteria of basic needs that is often external to the group assessed. Furthermore, by determining "what is missing or wrong," a process is set in motion that presumes that knowledge of wrong and right is solely the domain of the external expert, who holds the only solution and/or intervention to rectify what he or she determines to be wrong. Right and wrong, which normatively follow a modernist paradigm, also remain external to the values of many communities. Thus, the education and practice of the development expert is predicated on the belief that solutions to community development solely exist outside of the community.In contrast, assets-based approaches assume that all communities possess strengths and assets that can be leveraged for the development of the entire community. In assets-based approaches to development, expertise is located within communities. Hence, communities can best decide for themselves the direction of their own development. This article problematizes the normative needs-based approach to community development and examines the value of an assets-based approach.The Assets-Based Approach of Positive DevianceAn assets-based approach assesses the strengths and solutions that already lie within the community, employing the community's own value system. Positive deviance is an assets-based approach that can be particularly useful in development contexts. In a positive deviance approach, members of a group are distinguished according to who is thriving with respect to a given criterion for which other members are not thriving (Beggren & Wray, 2002). These positive-deviant group members are then observed in order to identify the specific actions or behaviors facilitating their positive-deviant status (Beggren & Wray, 2002). Once identified, positive deviants are then encouraged to disseminate their successful practices to the group (Beggren & Wray, 2002). Thereby, in a positive deviance approach the solution and expertise lies within the group, and the external expert is present to help identify and facilitate the process of disseminating internal solutions rather than directing the process with external solutions.Therefore, rather than providing a means to "do" an intervention "to" a community, a positive deviance approach enables a community to do for itself. Community participation is then rendered an organic internal process rather than an imposed external process. Thus, external knowledge, technology, and resources are utilized to the extent that the community determines them as needed beyond their own identified assets. In this context, community participation may be more accurately depicted as a community working with an expert-facilitator who participates with the community on the community's own project, rather than the opposite.The Context of Indigenous GuatemalaTo illustrate the potential of assets-based approaches to community development (also known as assets-based community development, or ABCD), we examine the case example of intractable chronic malnutrition in indigenous Guatemala. After more than sixty years of nutritional interventions and marked research, indigenous Guatemalans still display the poorest values for chronic malnutrition in the Western Hemisphere and the third-highest chronic malnutrition rate (54.5 percent) in the world (UNICEF, 2009); 69. …


EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGYSome evolutionary biologists propose that avian ancestors took wing by gliding from trees; others say early birds got a running start and lifted off the ground as they beat their feathered forelimbs. Now a new study reported on page [402][1] suggests that flight may have evolved in protobirds that used their wings to scale inclined objects and trees.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/299/5605/402


indications for the application of extracorporeal therapies in critically ill patients. In the intensive care unit, patients may become fluid overloaded because of decreased urine output in renal dysfunction, or due to fluid retention in congestive heart failure and other pathological conditions. The critically ill patient often presents additional problems such as hemodynamic instability or multiple organ dysfunction, especially if a sepsis syndrome is involved. In such circumstances, an accurate management of the fluid balance is of paramount impor tance to ensure the maintenance of blood pressure with adequate organ perfusion, but at the same time to prevent conditions of overhydration that might jeopardize pulmonary gas exchanges. Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) represent a well established form of renal support in intensive care and are frequently used to support kidney function in critically ill patients with acute renal failure. Fluid removal is operated by the CRRT machines through a process of extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Treatment fluid balance (the amount of net fluid withdrawal from the patient by the therapy) is given by the algebraic sum between the fluid removed and the fluid reinfused by the machine. The overall fluid balance in the patient is then achieved when all the other components such as urine output, i.v. infusions etc, are added to the computation. A recent worldwide safety alert has been issued by a company manufacturing one of the most widely used machines for CRRT (Prisma® System, Gambro Renal Products). The company has become aware of injuries and deaths relating to the use of its CRRT machine. The injuries and deaths have resulted because of excessive ultrafiltration i.e. they occurred in patients with inadequate fluid management and fluid removal greater than prescribed. The message explains the possible causes related to the accidents and provides specific directions to prevent further problems. In particular, the safety alert reminds us to strictly adherence to the manufacturer's "instructions for use". This safety alert led us to write this monthly thought and to publish a technical note in this issue of the International Journal of Artificial Organs compiled by experts in the field. This was done in order to clarify some points and to call operators to attention. How safe is current technology for extracorporeal ultrafiltration in critically ill patients? What is the main issue? Based on the report, the adverse events seem to be related to a series of multiple overrides of machine alarms detecting "Incorrect Weight Change". The reason why this alarm was placed in all commercially available machines (under different names but basically with the same meaning) is that it advises the operator to carefully control the system when a difference between current fluid balance and that prescribed is occurring. The threshold value is generally very low and although technically significant (the average is in the range of 50 grams or less), it is certainly not clinically significant for a single alarm episode. A clinical problem may however occur when the alarm is overridden repeatedly, without solving the problem that caused the alarm and accumulating a potentially dangerous fluid balance error. This is potentially hazardous for adult patients but it is definitely dangerous for pediatric patients. At this point we are dealing with the complex interaction between safety features of CRRT machines and human geniality to invent hazardous conditions. In the beginning, when continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration was used, we published a paper remarking that the arterio-venous mode guarantees a self-limited dehydration due to the flow dynamic characteristics of the system (1). Later, when continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was applied using adoptive technology, we pointed out the risks involved in a pumped circulation where the ultrafiltration and the blood pumps were not connected (2). From these and several other remarks, a new generation of machines has been created especially for CRRT. These machines are easy to use, include specif ic safety features and can be considered significantly safer than any other approach used in the past (3, 4). Nevertheless, as reported in the The monthly thought of the Editor The International Journal of Artificial Organs / Vol. 28 / no. 8, 2005 / pp. 763-764


A Reverse phase method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of Atenolol and Amlodipine Besylate in Tablets. The Quantification was carried out using RP stainless steel column ODS C18 250 x 4.6 x 5 µ L1 packing in Isocratic mode with mobile phase containing 0.03 M potassium buffer: Acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50 Adjust pH3.5 with ortho-phosphoric acid. Degas this solution before use. Flow rate 1.0 ml/minute and the detection wavelength was set at 237 nm and the linearity was found to be in the range of 16-22 μg/ml for Atenolol and 8 to 12 μg/ml for Amlodipine Besylate. The proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, reproducible for the Estimation of Atenolol and Amlodipine Besylate .


The decision in Data Access Corporation v Poweflex Services Pty Limited case held that a computer language is capable of protected by copyright. Poweflex was granted a stay of execution by the Full Bench of the Federal Court in relation to the orders made by Jenkinson J pending an appeal of his decision to the Full Bench.


The
mechanical and physical properties of TUFF from Korsimoro (Burkina Faso) were
investigated for use as admixtures in clinker to make pozzolanic cement. Six
different cement mortar specimens were prepared by replacing clinker with TUFF
in ratios of 0%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 13% and 15% by mass. The flexural and compressive
strengths of the specimens were determined at the ages of 2, 7, 28 and 60 days.
The effects of the TUFF replacement ratio on workability, setting time and
volume expansion were also examined. Based on the results, it was concluded
that Korsimoro TUFF has pozzolanic activity and is suitable for use as an
alternative adherent material in the cement industry.


The objective of this paper is to study and make a comparison between an original boosted-system with one Booster (B-MED) and an optimized system with two boosters (2B-MED) of a combined trans-critical CO2 refrigeration and boosted multi effect desalination system. The two systems are analyzed and compared thermodynamically. The optimized system with two boosters produces around 361.72 m day ⁄ of fresh water, on the other hand the original system with only one booster module produces around 290.3 m day ⁄ of fresh water, which means that the optimized system with two boosters increased the fresh water production rate by 24.6 % in comparison with that of one booster module. In addition, the heat transfer rate of the gascooler to the environment in the original system is equal to 1059 kW , while it is equal to 472.5 kW in the optimized one, which means that the optimized system (2B-MED) improves the refrigeration system by decreasing the heat transfer rate of the gas-cooler by 55.38 %. This leads to the reduction of the heat transfer area (HTA) of the gas cooler and all that will lead to the decrease of the total annual cost (TAC) of the refrigeration system. So that, the optimized system with two boosters is thermodynamically better than the original one.


Author(s) Title Number of Pages Date Santeri Leimu The Utilization of CRM in Small Business 40 pages + x appendices 03 June 2013 Degree Engineer Degree Programme Industrial Management Specialisation option Global Information and Communications Technology Instructor(s) Thomas Rohweder, DSc (Econ). Principal Lecturer The purpose of this thesis was to explore how a small-size company could utilize Customer Relationship Management theories for being more successful in their business. The main objective was to create a model for the case company based on CRM theories itself as well as empirical observations. The case company's field of business is in inspections of global import and export trade. The amount of employees is less than ten. Work in the company divides into two sections, i.e. office work and on the spot. This thesis covers current theories on CRM, the current situation at the case company and how the suggested model would help to improve the situation. The purpose was to consider the suggested benefits regarding CRM and the company's situation to create a model which would work in practice as an improvement to the current status. It appeared that while CRM thinking had not been brought into the company's actions previously with a thought, a lot of key points had already been noted and in good shape. For instance, customer communication was mostly executed well with deep insight. Nevertheless, a lot of new ideas came along and those were included in the suggested model with the aim of making the company's business run more fluently. The ideas and theories gathered in this thesis can be used to make a positive impact on the case company's everyday procedures.


BACKGROUND
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) following ovulation induction is common and varies in severity from mild to severe. Severe OHSS can be life threatening and requires hospitalization and procedures to reduce the extracellular fluid accumulation. Ovulation induction regimen and patient characteristics such as young age and low body weight have been identified as risk factors for OHSS, and follicle count >20 may be predictive of increased risk for moderate to severe OHSS. Whether any other patient factors are important in this risk equation is unknown.

CASES
We report on 2 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and other autoimmune diseases who experienced a total of 4 episodes of OHSS, 2 of which were severe.

CONCLUSION
T1DM, with or without other concomitant autoimmune diseases, may increase the risk for severe OHSS. Awareness of the interaction of preexisting conditions and risk for vascular leak disorders is needed for comprehensive counseling prior to embarking on ovarian stimulation. Preventive measures may be important considerations in this population.


Conflict in the workplace is inevitable and disruptive to the team dynamic, ultimately leading to suboptimal patient outcomes if not addressed. Especially in breast imaging, where an interprofessional team is commonplace, spending time to address conflict is critical to building and maintaining relationships among team members. Although institutions may adopt a just culture, workplace paradigms can be challenged when two or more team members encounter misunderstandings around work-related or personal issues. Multiple factors can contribute to promoting workplace conflict, including a toxic culture (the antithesis of just culture), ineffective leadership, hierarchy, unclear expectations or goals, pre-existing assumptions and beliefs, lack of effective communication, and low levels of trust. Developing skills to engage in the difficult conversations to address and resolve conflict are essential to create an efficient and effective team to care for patients. In this manuscript, we provide tips on how each of us can build skills in conflict management and resolution, illustrated in several vignettes. These tips provide practical advice, which ultimately will translate into allowing us to provide better patient care every day.


Research studies and common experience have shown that women suffering violence rarely engage with formal institutions such as courts and police stations without the support of their family and community elders. The entry into a formal institution is often planned following the advice of a worldly wise uncle, a local leader, a relative in the local police station, a woman activist or a caste elder. It is the strength of these conversations which determine women's relationships with the formal law. There is emerging evidence about the different forums that are involved in negotiating laws against domestic violence such as political party offices, gram panchayats, caste panchayats, counselling centres and women's groups. These spaces are often referred to as non-state agencies or local and customary forums. Often the terms that animate these local forums are counselling, panchayati settlement and compromise as against the lexicon of decrees, orders and awards obtained in the formal legal system. While a bond-paper settlement is looked down upon as a document that has no validity in the courts, it becomes an important device to 'settle' issues in the local forums. This article seeks to understand the practices of these forums that not only mediate women's access to the formal institutions but also hear cases in their own offices. On a parallel track, the article examines the interconnected ways in which the formal legal system and local forums relate to each other. Even as formal law makes no allowance for the verdicts of the local forums, the imagination of the local and customary as quick, effective and flexible has been a desirable ideal for its own functioning.


Issues related to the performance and processing remain a challenge when managing materials from renewable and natural resources. This study aims to show the potential of biopolymer film composite from cassava starch and carboxymethylcellulose to replace the synthetic coating and the area of studies are its barrier, mechanical and chemical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis identified that only film containing CMC could act as antimicrobial agent carrier. The biopolymer film coated on the kraft paper with the presence of 30% v/v glycerol and 10% w/w CMC had the highest tensile strength, at 15 MPa. The film-coated paper also exhibited a hydrophobic surface with reduction of the contact angle from 104.95° to 96.33° for 120 seconds. Meanwhile, addition of turmeric oil into developed BF 3 showed insignificant changes in tensile strength but reduced the contact angle to less than 90°. Thus, the formulated coating materials can be used as an alternative green technology for paper coating used in food industry and can be classified as a form of active packaging.


where y = [yv]v>o, and the av<j are complex numbers. In this article we construct the Weyl matrix for (1), investigate its properties, and treat the inverse problem of recovering a non-self-adjoint operator L from the Weyl matrix. An algorithm is obtained for solving the inverse problem, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for it to be soluble, and a uniqueness theorem is given. Analogous results are valid for (1) in an abstract space. We remark that the inverse problem for L has applications in the theory of integration of non-linear evolution equations (see, for example, [1], [2]). The case ρ = q = 1 has been investigated in [3]~[6] and other publications. For higher-order differential operators the inverse problem of the Weyl matrix was studied in [7]. Let Λ be the set of polynomials of the form


A. I. Levon, P. Alexa, G. Graw, R. Hertenberger, S. Pascu, P. G. Thirolf, and H.-F. Wirth 1 Institute for Nuclear Research, Academy of Science, Kiev, Ukraine∗ 2 Institute of Physics and Institute of Clean Technologies, Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic 3 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany and 4 H. Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania (Dated: January 20, 2016)


We evaluate feature hashing for language identification (LID), a method not previously used for this task. Using a standard dataset, we first show that while feature performance is high, LID data is highly dimensional and mostly sparse (>99.5%) as it includes large vocabularies for many languages; memory requirements grow as languages are added. Next we apply hashing using various hash sizes, demonstrating that there is no performance loss with dimensionality reductions of up to 86%. We also show that using an ensemble of low-dimension hash-based classifiers further boosts performance. Feature hashing is highly useful for LID and holds great promise for future work in this area.


Summary

The prevailing general theory of entrainment of endogenous circadian rhythms explains variation in the timing of activity with season, latitude and weather conditions on the basis of the dependence of spontaneous frequency of the rhythm on the intensity of constant illumination. In an experiment designed to test the validity of this theory, Greenfinches and chaffinches were exposed to the natural light-dark cycle alternately in full illumination and in reduced daylight. Contrary to prediction by current hypotheses for these species, in which the spontaneous frequency decreases with decreasing light intensity, their midpoint of daily activity shifted forward when the intensity of natural daylight was reduced. This result refutes the hypothesis that light affects the timing of activity in nature in a manner predictable from its effect in constant conditions.

Both species of finches have a bimodal daily distribution of perch-hopping activity. The morning peak and evening peak of activity are of about equal strength in winter, but the morning peak increases sharply in the reproductive season. The possibility that the two peaks represent two pacemaker systems, under differential endocrine control, is discussed.

The precision in the timing of daily onset and end of activity is positively correlated with the estimated average rate of change of light intensity at these times of day. Thus, day-to-day variations are markedly increased in reduced daylight when activity begins late after sunrise and terminates well before sunset.


Technology is making possible the creation and handling of multimedia documents which contain video segments. At present there is a lack of tools for automatically indexing and representing these documents. In this paper we restrict our attention to a special class of video documents, those sequences containing images of people in movement. These sequences are analyzed and Spatio-Temporal Indices are extracted and used to describe the body motion. The analysis makes use of a 3-D human model composed of an articulated 10 segment structure. The next step is to recognize the identity of the human in motion. To do this we have developed a face recognition procedure based upon projective invariants. Examples are presented and demonstrate the feasibility of our ap-


The pharmaceutical industry has an obligation to identify adverse reactions to drug products during all phases of drug development, including the post‐marketing period. Estimates of population exposure to pharmaceutical products are important to the post‐marketing surveillance of drugs, and provide a context for assessing the various risks and benefits, including drug safety, associated with drug treatment. This paper describes a systematic approach to estimating post‐marketing drug exposure using ex‐factory shipment data to estimate the quantity of medication available, and dosage information (stratified by indication or other factors as appropriate) to convert the quantity of medication to person time of exposure. Unlike the non‐standardized methods often used to estimate exposure, this approach provides estimates whose calculations are explicit, documented, and consistent across products and over time. The methods can readily be carried out by an individual or small group specializing in this function, and lend themselves to automation. The present estimation approach is practical and relatively uncomplicated to implement. We believe it is a useful innovation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This article discusses the issue of improving the quality of training for future nurses. The problem identified by the author - the discrepancy between traditional vocational education and the needs of society and the requirements of employers - indicates the need to use innovative pedagogical technologies. One of the key vectors for solving the indicated problem, according to the author, is the deepening and scaling of practice-oriented teaching of students, carried out using a contextual approach. The implementation of this approach not only provides an inextricable link between theoretical knowledge and future professional activities, but also gives students the opportunity to understand and feel themselves in the real situation of the production process. This is achieved by quasi-professional activities of students on simulation sites, which contribute to their acquisition of primary practical experience. The use of a contextual approach in the educational process of a medical college indicates an improvement in the quality of graduate training.


Sensitive methods for enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes ( L. monocytogenes ) are needed to verify compliance with microbiological criteria in ready-to-eat foods. Here, we assessed the reference EN ISO 11290-2 method and three modifications of it with lower threshold levels for enumeration in terms of specificity, false results and practical limitations for use. Two of the methods, called the EURL and the Cyprus protocols, use membrane filtration to obtain a more concentrated test suspension, and the third, called the Norway protocol, uses less diluent. This study included 18 samples of foods naturally contaminated with L. monocytogenes at concentrations of 0.2-80 CFU/g. All four tested methods yielded valid results with good repeatability (Fisher's test, p<0.01). The Norway protocol was the least laborious method and gave good results even for samples that could not be filtered. different volumes of the 1:10 diluted suspension (5, 15 and 30 ml) were immediately treated for a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 25 min at 37°C in a water bath shaker with 0.83% Tween 80 and 0.83% trypsin (addition of 1 ml of each reagent per 10 ml suspension to filter), and filtered. The procedure was repeated five times for each treatment. Every week, 10% trypsin from 1:250 stock solutions were prepared in phosphate buffer pH 7.5 containing 20 g dipotassium phosphate per litre of deionised water and stored at 4°C. The theoretical threshold of detection was 0.2 CFU/g.


The Stroop effect was examined using the interactive TangiSense table that is equipped with RFID technology. Participants moved a tangible object from a start zone to one of four colored zones. The correct colored zone was indicated by a word for a color displayed in congruent colored LED lights (e.g., "yellow" displayed in yellow), or displayed in an incongruent color, (e.g., "yellow" in red). Participants placed the object in the wrong zone more often and took more time to move the object from the start to a colored zone when the word was lit with an incongruent than congruent color. These results indicate that co-occurring and conflicting information streams can negatively affect the usage of interactive tables and that the TangiSense table has applicable value for psychological research.


Objectives To investigate the in vitro effects of staphylococcal β‐to‐in on ciliary activity and the in vivo effects on sinusitis induction.


Jamaahkreatifsektorselatan (#jkss) is a branding activity, in the form of a campaign to build a collective identity through community, image, networking and creative entrepreneurship in the field of art and design in Makassar. This creative campaign was carried out to synchronize the vision and potential of several creative communities in southern Makassar in one identity that could be used together. This effort is built through three stages, namely mapping the potential of the creative community, initiating shared space (Creative Hub) to help the community carry out activities, and campaign fencing on social media. Creation is done by IDEO's design thinking approach. The process of creating collective identity is coupled through collaboration in managing publications and communication with fellow communities, exchanging information to sharing simple ideas to be executed creatively (Creative Sharing) The stages that take place and collective identity campaigns through the tag #jamaahkreatifsektorselatan on social media can be seen as an effort to build the image of the region south of Makassar as a creative city branding that can be developed into a new creative identity for Makassar. The creative image of the region in particular can contribute to supporting the image of Makassar as one of the creative cities in Indonesia. From this study it was concluded that community initiatives in responding to the surrounding area, utilizing technological advances and the development of social media, could contribute to a better creative image of the city.


As Europe struggles to find a coherent approach to its burgeoning refugee and migrant crisis, one set of actors has been universally vilified: the migrant smugglers. While they are not the cause of the current crisis, they have certainly amplified it, and are often responsible for the greatest violations against human rights and protection. Turning attention and public outcry toward the smugglers arguably allows the EU member states to detract – and distract – from their own derogations of their obligations to international law and refugee protection.


The paper deals with a topic which has been discussed recently but only a few publications yet exist. Using Lidar for measuring the lake surface for a local geoid (or a lake equipotential surface) determination is an interesting idea to improve geoid determination accuracy. The research was made from the data which originally was taken for a totally different purpose, and therefore the observing procedure was not optimal. Some of the comments below may raise from this fact. There are some topics which I would like to mention here, and hope that the authors are able to comment them and take into account where appropriate:


: The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) is an invasive freshwater bivalve species that exerts harmful effects on the environment, as well as man-made structures, such as water-treatment systems. By using conventional sampling methods, it is difficult to detect mussels under low-density conditions; however, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis may be a rapid and efficient method for monitoring this aquatic organism. In this study, we conducted surveys based on the eDNA analysis of L. fortunei in 15 farm ponds in Japan and compared the results with those of two conventional survey methods, visual census and plankton larval survey, to clarify the effectiveness of eDNA analysis for field surveys of L. fortunei . Primers and a probe specific to L. fortunei were developed, and a method for analysis was established. In the laboratory experiments, the species eDNA was detected in all water tanks containing the mussels, and the concentration of eDNA was high in the experimental tank that had high density of L. fortunei . In the field survey, L. fortunei eDNA was detected in all ponds where the mussels were found by conventional survey, and low concentrations of eDNA were also detected in several ponds where no L. fortunei were found by traditional methods. These results suggest that eDNA analysis has greater sensitivity for the detection of L. fortunei in farm ponds than that of conventional methods. Environmental DNA surveys have little impact on water management and are suitable for surveys at water facilities that have not yet been damaged by the mussels.


Most of us write our programs in whatever language is most convenient for the problem at hand. Often this means, not so much that the language is well suited to the problem, but simply that it's the best suited of the choices available. Particularly with microprocessors and many minicomputers, we don't have a very wide choice of available software. Perhaps we have only an assembler or only a Basic interpreter.
 Those who have a choice, or who are responsible for developing compilers and other basic systems software, must determine how much money to spend and where to spend it, becoming embroiled in such questions as what high level languages, if any, should be used or how important it is to develop a good assembler versus a good high level language compiler for our systems work.


The most serious problem of the article in my view is that Haarsma appears to focus only on negative arguments for design. He repeatedly characterizes it as an argument from ignorance: "If we can show that first life and biological complexity is unexplainable (highly improbable) in terms of known natural mechanisms," we will have proven that "it was brought about by an intelligent agent" (p. 55). No, that is decidedly not the argument for design. Rather, the argument is a positive one.


The aim of this paper is to propose an algorithm for detecting faults such as cracks in an underground structure to ensure its health monitoring. The proposed approach is based on the PCA algorithm. Once PCA components are computed, we can see easily the impact of a crack on their norms. The impact represents a good indication to detect abrupt change.


During the process of information system project,conventionally,the Surveillance Unit(defined in national standard GB/T19668.1-2005)will acting as an important partner.In this paper,the main methods for the Surveillance Unit to control the information system project of manufacture enterprises were given and analyzed also.


In this paper, we study 3-dimensional locally strongly convex affine hypersurfaces in ℝ4. Since the publication of Blaschke's book [B] in the early twenties, it is well-known that on a nondegenerate affine hyper-surface M there exists a canonical transversal vector field called the affine normal. The second fundamental form associated to the affine normal is called the affine metric. In the special case that M is locally strongly convex, this affine metric is a Riemannian metric. Also, using the affine normal, by the Gauss formula one can introduce an affine connection on M, called the induced connection ∇. So on M, we can consider two connections, namely the induced affine connection ∇ and the Levi Civita connection of the affine metric h.


The dimensions of the model tanks in this study were of the order of magnitude of tanks onboard ships. In the elastic range the test results agreed well with the theoretical calculations. The collapse load of watertight bulkheads was determined by the carrying capacity of the stiffeners. The carrying capacity of the bulkhead plating was found to be very much higher than that of the load, calculated by a plate strip method. The actual carrying capacity of the plating was well above that of the stiffeners, and could not be checked by the collapse tests.


We present a general scheme how to construct a substitution rule for generating $d$-dimensional analogues of the paperfolding structures. This substitution is proven to be primitive, so that the translation action on the hull forms a strictly ergodic dynamical system. The substitution admits a coincidence in the sense of Dekking, which implies that the dynamical system has pure point spectrum. The same then holds true also for the diffraction spectrum. The substitution also allows us to give estimates on the complexity of the paperfolding structures, and to determine topological invariants like the \v{C}ech cohomology groups of the hull for dimensions $d\le2$.


The study was carried out in Gombe L.G.A between the months of MarchJune 2013. A total of 783 chickens comprising 410 (52.4%) males and 373(47.6%) females were examined for ectoparasites from three different markets, Gombe main market 521(66.5%), Pantami market 165(21.1%) and Kasuwan mata 97(12.4%). The ectoparasites were collected by displaying the feathers of the chickens against their anatomical direction of alignment. Ticks were removed with forceps, Lice and Fleas were collected by brushing the base of the feathers with a fine soft brush and mites were collected by scraping the skin surface with the edge of a slide. All collected samples were placed in to a Petri dishes containing 70% alcohol and each petri dish was numbered and labelled with the sex of the chicken. The result revealed that 552(70.5%) were infested with four different species of ectoparasite; Mite, Ticks, Lice and Fleas, where 175(31.7%), 155(28.1%) and 222(40.2%) had double, triple and quadruplet infestation respectively. Kasuwan mata recorded the highest prevalence of 74(85.1%). In relation to gender, females had highest prevalence of 281(75.3%) as compared to 271(66.1%) in males. Statistically 2 there was significant difference between the sexes (X =7.54, P<0.05, df=1). Further research should be carried out to assess the impact of the parasite on biological activities and parameters of the chickens.


This article reflects on the relation between music body(ies)1, body(ies) of music2 and notions of musical 'space-time' in the composition and performance process of Listening | the open, a trilogy for disruptive bodies, by Joana Sá.Bringing into discussion new possible notions of space of music as both intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of music body(ies), and of the body(ies) of music, it proposes approaching music as a disruptive topology. Presentingstrategies that are beyond the dualities of control/out of control, self/other, it emphasizes the fragment or fragmentation as a crucial basic topological event for triggering the musical processes.


Splenomegaly is a major manifestation of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) contrib- uting to clinical symptoms and hematologic abnormalities. The spleen from PMF patients contains increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and megakar- yocytes. These megakaryocytes express high levels of P-selectin (P-sel) that, by trig- gering neutrophil emperipolesis, may cause TGF-β release and disease progression. This hypothesis was tested by deleting the P-sel gene in the myelofibrosis mouse model carrying the hypomorphic Gata1 low mutation that induces megakaryocyte abnormalities that recapitulate those observed in PMF. P-sel null Gata1 low mice survived splenectomy and lived three months longer than P-sel WT Gata1 low littermates and did not express fibrosis and osteosclerosis in the marrow or splenomegaly. Furthermore, deletion of P-sel disrupted megakaryocyte/neutrophil interactions in spleen, reduced TGF-β content and corrected the HSC distribution that in Gata1 low  mice, as in PMF patients, is abnormally expanded in spleen. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β reduced P-sel expression in megakaryocytes and corrected HSC distribution. Spleens, but not marrow, of Gata1 low  mice contained numerous cKITpos activated fibro- cytes, probably of dendritic cell origin, whose membrane protrusions interacted with megakaryocytes establishing niches hosting immature cKITpos hematopoietic cells. These activated fibrocytes were not detected in spleens from P-selnullGata1 low or TGF-β-inhibited Gata1 low  littermates and were observed in spleen, but not in marrow, from PMF patients. Therefore in Gata1low mice, and possibly in PMF, abnormal P-sel expres- sion in megakaryocytes may mediate the pathological cell interactions that increase TGF-β content in MK and favor establishment of a microenvironment that supports myelofibrosis-related HSC in spleen.


For a few short weeks, "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street" was a piece of anonymous magazine i ction. The i rst installment appeared toward the end of the November 1853 issue of Putnam's Monthly Magazine and was just one of the many other anonymous poems, stories, essays, and reviews making up that issue. By the time the second and i nal installment was published in December 1853, however, The Literary World had revealed Melville as the author of this "Poe-ish tale." 1 Thereafter, the lawyer and his copying clerk move beyond the bounds of the magazine world. Reprinted simply as "Bartleby" with four of Melville's other Putnam's stories in The Piazza Tales (1856), the seriality and full title of the magazine version were lost as Melville's authorship was formally instituted. Continually reproduced and anthologized as a freestanding short story in the wake of Melville's canonization during the twentieth century, "Bartleby" has become a milestone for any understanding of Melville's authorial persona. As a consequence, Putnam's Monthly attracts little more attention in the vast expanse of "Bartleby" criticism than the object to which the magazine compared itself in its very i rst editorial of January 1853: a "speck of star dust" in "the celestial dairy" of America. 2 But what would it mean to reconnect the most famous and widely read of Melville's short stories to the magazines of the 1850s? And what does it mean to read "Bartleby" as magazine i ction ? Some questions often asked of the story might become less important. Who is Bartleby, why does he "prefer not to," why does the lawyer not dispense with him more quickly, and how should Bartleby's death be interpreted? Questions of this nature have preoccupied two dominant approaches to the story. The i rst tries to identify the literary and historical sources on which "Bartleby" is based. Because of his preference for refusal, Bartleby has been read as the Thoreau of "Resistance to Civil Government" (1849) and often biographically as Melville himself as he became alienated from writing and publishing after the commercial failures of Moby-Dick (1851) and Pierre (1852). 3 Melville's friend and traveling companion Eli Fly, who worked as 7


This paper reports a micro saddle coil with switchable sensitivity for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The coil comprises a polydimethyilsiloxane (PDMS) tube and a flexible substrate with a coil pattern. The coil deforms from a saddle-shaped mode to a planar-shaped mode. In MR images acquired in saddle-shaped mode, a large sensitive area existed around the coil. Although the area considerably reduced in the planar-shaped mode, clear MR images were obtained. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the saddle-shaped and planar-shaped modes were 194.9 and 505.9, respectively, at 2.0 × 2.0 × 2.0 mm3 voxel size and 11.7 and 37.4, respectively, at 0.5 × 0.5 × 1.0 mm3. Thus, the micro saddle coil enabled highly sensitive and large-area imaging.


The reliability of causal inference from data (by independence-based methods) is analyzed. We uncover some mechanisms which may result in model inadequacy due to sample bias and hidden variables. We detect some specific problems in recognition of direction of influence when some causes are hidden. Incorrectness of known rule for edge orientation (under causal insufficiency) is revealed. We suggest the correction to the rule aiming to retain model adequacy. Problems in programming 2020; 2-3: 392-406


Documenting sociolinguistic variation in lesser-studied languages presents methodological challenges, but also offers important research opportunities. In this paper we examine three key methodological challenges commonly faced by researchers who are outsiders to the community. We then present practical solutions for successful variationist research on indigenous languages and meaningful partnerships with local communities. In particular, we draw insights from our research with Australian languages and indigenous languages of rural China. We also highlight reasons why such lesser-studied languages are crucial to the further advancement of sociolinguistic theory, arguing that the value of the research justifies the effort needed to overcome the methodological difficulty. We find that the challenges of sociolinguistics in these communities sometimes make standard variationist methods untenable, but the methodological solutions we propose can lead to valuable results and community relationships.


Linear pulse motor (LPM) has the vibration during the operation because of magnetic characteristic which is caused by the mechanical configuration and the electromagnetic property. This paper proposes the calculation of thrust on the base of magnetic equivalent circuit for the purpose of the vibration minimization of LPM. The permeance of LPM is calculated and simulated from the construction tooth. The thrust is compared with the analytical method, the 3D finite element method (FEM) and the experimental values. The vibration of LPM is measured and estimated to select the input current wave for an optimal operation condition


The aim of this paper is to study inverse systems of the S(n)-closed spaces which are the generalization of H-closed and Urysohnclosed spaces.


The use of renewable electricity is vital for the decarbonization of industry. Industrial firms source renewables through off-site power purchase agreements or on-site installations, though the latter currently supplies <0.1% of industrial electricity demand in the U.S. Manufacturing buildings typically have large, flat rooftops that are ideal for solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays. This study investigates the feasibility of using rooftop solar PV to cover the net annual electricity needs of industry across all U.S. states and manufacturing sectors. Modeled electricity supply intensity for solar PV arrays is compared with the electricity demand per unit of floorspace for average manufacturing buildings derived from the U.S. Department of Energy Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey. Results show that, depending on geographical location, rooftop solar PV can completely fulfill the electricity requirements of 5%–35% of manufacturing sectors considered on a net annual basis (assuming net metering). Furniture, textiles, and apparel manufacturing can be powered through on-site means in nearly every location, representing 2% of U.S. manufacturing electricity use and 6% of floorspace. Considering seasonal potential during summer months expands the list of feasible sites, particularly in the U.S. Southwest. Compared to off-site sourcing of renewable energy, pursuing on-site PV installations can also enable manufacturers to maintain limited operations during periods of grid disruption, especially when coupled with on-site energy storage. Overall, the results indicate a substantial physical opportunity for industrial firms to expand rooftop solar PV from currently low levels to help meet decarbonization goals.


Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of prolactin and macroprolactin in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to determine if prolactin and macroprolactin concentrations were related to disease activity, clinical features or serological abnormalities.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of tetravalent praseodymium ions doped in the cubic perovskite compound BaHfO3 have been measured at 4.2 K. A very large hyperfine interaction with the 141Pr nucleus was observed in the spectrum of Pr4+/BaHfO3. The results were analyzed based on the weak field approximation, and the g value (∣g∣=0.619) and a hyperfine coupling constant (A=0.0589 cm−1) were obtained. The measured g value is much smaller than ∣−107∣, which indicates that the crystal field effect on the behavior of a 4f electron is large. These g and A values were compared with the EPR results for other f1 ions in an octahedral crystal field.


This paper is a continuation of the author's previous work (1994, 1996, 1997, 1998) on a general nonsmooth version of the finite-dimensional Pontryagin maximum principle. The purpose here is to present a further extension of this result for the special case of finite-dimensional classical calculus of variations problems in R/sup n/, with constraints /spl xi/(t)/spl isin/U, where U is a given subset of R/sup n/. For simplicity, we only consider problems with fixed end points. Naturally, the result is a generalization of the classical Euler-Lagrange equations with the Weierstrass's side conditions, stated in the Hamiltonian language of optimal control theory. As in the author's previous work on the maximum principle, the approach used here is classical, in the sense that it involves "needle variations" and uses a fixed-point argument.


(1) Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany, (firstname.lastname@example.com), (2) Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany, (email@example.com), (3) Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany, (firstname.lastname@example.com)


Christina Rossetti's "Goblin Market" has long been recognized as an interpretive enigma. Simultaneously conducting its own surface reading and inviting us to interrogate its buried meanings, the poem adapts the Tractarian doctrine of reserve to set up a hermeneutic paradox rooted in Victorian exegetical thought. Variously a standard for reticent poetic style, an apologia for divine mystery, and a prescription for limiting complex theological knowledge, reserve also served Victorian thinkers as a hermeneutic strategy. Rossetti plays reserve against itself by dramatizing its dueling imperatives—inciting and containing curiosity. Laura's epilogue forecloses interpretation for "illiterate" spiritual children—those who might misconstrue mysterious meanings; simultaneously, the epilogue mobilizes a competing dimension of reserve, juxtaposing its interpretive gatekeeping against its hermeneutic potential. Anticipating recent reading debates, Rossetti's reserve generates a temporally recursive hermeneutic, within which competing interpretations and interpretive modes can be imagined to coexist.


In this article the authors present the main advantages of the micro-Raman scattering (MRS) technique in order to perform non-destructively, sensitive, fast and accurate stress and strain measurements in material systems.In order to check the accuracy of this method, a set of Phonon Deformation Potentials (PDPs) was used, in analysing previously reported Raman data of free-standing ZnS/ZnTe and ZnS/ZnSe superlattices (SLs). In addition, published micro-Raman spectroscopy data concerning micromechanical semiconductor devices (structures) were used in order to evaluate quantitatively their stress (strain) components, presupposing a stress or strain (uniaxial or biaxial) model.


The modernity of knowledge management as one of the hour topics, imposed the necessity to address this research and to give him enough attention, by taking cognizance of its conceptual framework and trying to address the most important processes and strategies of knowledge management, in addition to explaining the motives that led the Greater Amman Municipality to adopt this concept, highlighting the practical steps taken by this municipality in establishing knowledge management as one of the criteria of excellence that it has set in its mission.
The results showed that the Greater Amman Municipality followed a set of practical stages in order to integrate knowledge management in the daily operations of the organization, from the awareness stage to ensure commitment to the planning and implementation stage, disseminate knowledge, and then ensure effective communication between the parties involved in this experiment. The gradual integration of knowledge is essential in order to exploit the implicit and explicit knowledge found in the organization, which enhances its competitiveness and excellence.


Attempts to capture context within applications take a wide variety of forms. While it is generally accepted that a user's current context shapes how they perceive and interact with a system such as a recommender we here explore a novel method of interacting with the user to gain a conceptual understanding of their own frame of reference. By drawing on a more human-centric approach we show that users accept and participate in sharing of context readily as part of an interactive system.


As part of a special feature on sustainability concepts, this article discusses the first LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)-certified streetcar system. In May 2006, the city of Tucson, Arizona, agreed to fund a modern streetcar system as part of a Regional Transportation Authority Plan. It became one of 238 pilot projects selected in August 2007 to help create standards for a national certification system for sustainable neighborhood design and development. This is an extension of the LEED program, which has been in place for commercial buildings for more than a decade. The new effort is called LEED-ND (for Neighborhood Development). A description of Tucson's transportation needs is given, along with a history of modern streetcar development efforts in the city, dating back to 1983. The city is in phase two of a three-phase deployment, with operations anticipated to begin in 2011, with 3.9 miles of track alignment, 19 stations and seven streetcars capable of carrying 130 passengers.


For the sake of protecting users' privacy from the malicious data which is shared by other people and leasing the pressure of the clouds, an approach of verification based on the Blockchain is put forward in our article. By using the Blockchain to record the hash value and other necessary information of data sharing by other people, we can guarantee that the data user received from a third-party source (such as a cloud storage platform) is the original uploaded data indeed. After taking some experiments on the following method. We confirm that it can be easily distinguished whether a data has been modified by malicious people through our Blockchain-based approach. This Blockchain-based approach of verification can effectively help users find out if the data received is the one exactly he wants. In addition, our approach will imply that the data is not the original one and that data cannot be opened or executed.


Lichen is known as bio-indicators for air quality monitoring. The purpose of this study is to identify the diversity of lichen and response as bioindicators of air pollution. The research was conducted in August until November 2016. The research location is on the campus of the State Islamic Institute Raden Intan Lampung and on the road Soekarno Hatta, Way Dadi, Sukarame, Bandar Lampung. This research is a descriptive study transect method. Based on the research conducted, Species found in the Campus Institut Agama Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung totaling 16 species from 8 Family Chrysotricaceae, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Megalosporaceae, Parmeliaceae, Physiceace, Trypethelidaceae, dan Rosellaceae. The total value of diversity index is 2,61. Then in a comparison study conducted on the Road Soekarno Hatta, Way Dadi, Sukarame, Bandar Lampung totaling 16 species from 5 families, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Physiceace, Trypethelidaceae, dan Rosellaceae. The total value of diversity index is 1,98. Lichen not only serves as an indicator of air pollutants but knowing the extent of pollution of air pollutants. The worse the air quality, the level of the lower Lichen diversity.


ABSTRACT This article is an empirical study of factors deemed significant in the context of e-business success or failure. Drawing upon the literature from the area of new business in brick-and-mortar (B&M) firms and the current e-business literature, an examination of the factors that lead to the success or failure of new B&M businesses is hypothesized in terms of new e-business companies. In an attempt to understand the marketing and managerial implications for the success or failure of an e-business, a total of eight subfactors composed of three main factors are included in the study. The main factors are product factors, marketing factors, and Web site design and efficiency factors. A national survey is used in addition to qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews of managers and owners of e-businesses to validate the influence of these factors separating winners from losers. The study implications are discussed.


A circuit structure readily adapted to combine the power of several pulsed diodes is presented. Herein the diodes have been mounted to stack up to a "Diodes Chain" in a full high WG. This approach does not suffer from multiple-modes, the diodes being in series along the same axis with the electric field. This method makes a feature of high active impedance, minor RF current, low loss and high Qex. As a result, high peak power and excellent frequency stability have been achieved. 50 W of peak power was measured from a two-diode pulsed Gunn source, the frequency stability being about 1-2 ppmspl deg/C and power's 0.01 dBspl deg/C for -20 to +60/spl deg/C. This may be one of the best performances published so far.<<ETX>>


Expressing the thought of other times But revealing the same faith and enquiring mind Of those of our day " Who bless mankind with their research We offer our thanks for Andreas of Wesel. We bless Thee for the goodly heritage From which he sprang, For youthful curiosity That fathered the genius of mature years, For his knowledge of the Latin tongue Even if neglected in the stagnant air of courts, For his hospitality to Arab learning, For all he learned from Avicenna, Lazarus Hebraeus, Rhazes, and Galen, And most of all, for what he added to their lore, For his mind's triumph over the Pedantry of Jacques Dubois, His refusal of untruth Clad in ancient dignities, For midnight visits to the forbidden dead, For his enthusiasm Communicated to fellow students, For friendship with Guinterius and Gemma Frisius, For labors as a physician in the wars, His years of teaching at Padua, Pisa, and Bologna, And for encouragement from Mark Antony Giunta And Wolfgang Herwart. THOU Who dost so often help those who work together In the service of Thy children, We thank Thee for Calcar, Stephanus, Stopius and Oporinus,


Aspergillosis is a fungal disease characterized by invasive and noninvasive forms. Non-invasive aspergillosis usually affects a normal host, appearing either as an allergic reaction or a cluster of fungal hyphae. With the advent of intensive chemotherapeutic regimens, AIDS epidemic, solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, the prevalence of invasive aspergillosis has increased dramatically in the past 20 years. In this paper we present a case of aspergillosis extensively involving the maxilla of a 60 year old male caused by aspergillus niger which is less likely involved in human infections which makes this case unusual and interesting to report.


Crankshaft plays an important role in internal combustion engine so that the precision,surface hardness and surface roughness of crankshaft should be ensured in machining.This paper introduces current status and development trend of the machining techniques and equipments.


The results of SEM observation and elemental analysis showed that the poor adhesion of electroplated silver coating on 6063 Al alloy is mainly due to the excess of surface magnesium content of the alloy. Magnesium reacts with fluorine ion in fluorine-containing pickling solution, producing insoluble MgF2 on the surface of substrate, which affects the quality of subsequent plating process and results in a poor adhesion of silver coating. The pickling process was improved and the optimal bath composition and operation conditions were presented as follows: HNO 3 300 mL/L, H3PO4 100 mL/L, descaling agent 300 mL/L, temperature 10-40 °C, and time 1 min. The percentage of eligible silver-plated products is raised to 70% for the Al alloy parts with excessive magnesium content and more than 95% for the parts with normal magnesium content.


Objective To analyze the application and tendency of quinolones antibacterial in our hospital.Methods The kinds,consumption,dosage frequency and daily drug cost of quinolones application were statistically analyzed and ranked.Results The consumption of 2003 took the first place;The ratio of oral quinolones decreased,the ratio of quinolones injection increased,and the consumption and DDDs of oral levofloxacin decreased year by year,the consumption and DDDs of injection levofloxacin took the first place in the three years.The application of gatifloxacin increased obviously,the consumption and DDDs of gatifloxacin increased year by year.Conclusion The major medicine of quinolones used in our hospital are levofloxacin and gatifloxacin,the application of gatifloxacin increased obviously,it is necessary to strenghen the macroscopic management in clinical application.


A detailed anatomic description of the anterolateral ligament published in 2013 has led to a renewed interest in the anatomy of the anterolateral structures of the knee and lateral extraarticular reconstruction procedures. It was hypothesized that the anterolateral ligament may represent an important stabilizer to anterolateral rotational instability, and injury to this structure may be involved in the pathogenesis of a high-grade pivot shift. Hence, several authors have suggested reconstruction of this ligament in conjunction with intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament to improve postoperative knee stability. This article provides a comprehensive review about the historical and contemporary literature related to the anterolateral ligament. The anatomic descriptions of the anterolateral ligament vary considerably with regard to the femoral insertion site, and it remains controversial whether the anterolateral ligament represents a distinct extracapsular ligament or a part of the anterolateral capsule. Based on currently available biomechanical data, the anterolateral ligament can be considered a stabilizer against internal tibial rotation. Preliminary data after combined reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament are promising; however, the value of this combined procedure over isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has yet to be determined.


In the article, written on the basis of practical experience of the author, working in the Separate structural unit "School № 109" on the basis of the National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev", discusses the problem of using special methods of art pedagogy in the training and education of children undergoing long-term treatment. The methods proposed by the author positively affect the psychoemotional state of seriously ill children and are considered as an essential component of complex treatment.


Recently, the ratio of elderly (65 years old and over) is increasing rapidly in Japan. In Japan, there are some examples of studies that have examined the ageing phenomenon, however, it is very hard to find studies conducted from the view point of geography. Therefore, it can be assumed that the Japanese studies. on the ageing phenomenon have weaknesses concerning spatial or regional considerations.The purpose of this article is to make clear the areal distribution of the ageing phenomenon in the city and its promotive elements. In this study, the author fucuses on the increase of the ratio of elderly by out-migration of non-elderly from the districts. All analysis in this article is done at the scale of the census tract in several cities, for 1970, 1975 and 1980. The reason for this is that the current Japanese census tracts have been established since the population census in 1970.The methodology and results of this article are summarized as follows:First, the census tracts that have a relatively high ratio of elderly from 1970 to 1980 are obtained by using the mean and the standard deviation of the ratio of elderly. These census tracts are called Aged Population Special Districts, and are classified into three types, and their areal distributions are mapped. In the case of Sendai City as a regional central city, Aged Population Special Districts (APSD's) have distribution only in the central area of the city. However, in the case of the other five cities, they are distributed in the central area of the city and in the urban periphery.Second, the census tracts that show a remarkable decrease in population (from 1970 to 1975, and from 1975 to 1980) are obtained by using the mean and the standard deviation of the index of the increase in population. These census tracts are named Special Districts of Decreasing Population. These areal distributions are overlain on to the same maps as for the APSD's in the respective cities. In the case of Sendai City, Special Districts of Decreasing Population (SDDP's) have a more restricted distribution than the APSD's in the central area of the city. In the case of the other five cities, the SDDP's have a wider distribution than the APSD's in the central area of the city, but a more restricted distribution than APSD's in the urban periphery. Judging from the differences of areal distribution between the APSD's and the SDDP's, we can be predict the differences in the causative elements of ageing between the central area of the city and in the urban fringe.To verify these predictions, cohort analysis was carried out in the respective cities: in the central area of the city, in the urban fringe, and in other areas of the city. Judging from the results of the analysis, especially in the central area of the city, outmigration of non-elderly from the district is the main cause of ageing, and in the urban fringe, an absolte increase in the ageing population is the main cause of ageing, added to the out-migration of non-elderly from the district.All of upper results are made into a final figure at the conclusion of this article.


This study represents an aggregation of knowledge on mastitis within the Australian dairy industry. Aspects of the epidemiology and economics of mastitis have been collated and areas of missing knowledge identified. A clinical treatment trial was conducted on subclinical mastitis to identify the role of therapy upon subclinical infection. The effect of individual variables on mastitis risk was studied and aggregated in order to facilitate the development of a computer simulation model of mastitis within Australian dairy herds. A literature review of mastitis within the Australian dairy industry was conducted. The economic impact of mastitis was examined and the pathway of economic loss to the dairy industry is discussed. The epidemiology of mastitis was studied with special emphasis on quantification of the effect of individual risk factors on the occurrence of disease. Performance parameters for the current diagnostic tests applied within the dairy industry are presented and their suitability for use in a commercial environment discussed. The impact of self-cure and the efficacy of therapeutic intervention in the disease are examined. The role of culling is presented. The chapter concludes with an estimation of the total economic losses experienced on a commercial dairy fa.on in Victoria in 1998 for three different mastitis levels. The economic benefit to be gained from a reduction in mastitis is also presented. A clinical treatment trial of subclinically infected cows (high somatic cell count) was conducted in order to determine if therapeutic intervention was an effective management tool. Cows with somatic cell counts in excess of 500,000 cells per ml and more than 14 days calved were selected and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. A pooled quarter milk sample was taken prior to treatment and repeated at around six weeks after treatment. Treated cows received a course of intramammary and pru:enteral antibiotics and control cows were untreated. Cows were followed for the rest of the lactation of treatment and into the subsequent lactation and somatic cell counts were recorded. The major pathogens identified were S aureus and S uberis. Treatment did not have a significant or commercially useful effect upon bacteriological cure rates, survival of cows to the next lactation or somatic cell count for the remainder of the lactation. Treatment of high somatic cell count cows during lactation is not recommended and is discussed.


The magnitude of the global food waste problem is staggering, yet it receives little mainstream attention. We waste nearly half of all food produced—more than one billion tons annually—yet nearly one billion global citizens are hungry. Our values are out of balance; we need to properly value our food. Urgent change is needed, beginning with heightened awareness and a sense of responsibility to people and planet.

Feeding nine billion people by 2050 is a tremendous challenge, but also a tremendous opportunity to develop new levels of innovation and collaboration to eradicate hunger, improve the environment for future generations, and create a more unified, secure world.

A new, durable, multifaceted approach to reducing food waste is needed in the form of a global network. This global network should be anchored by a sense of shared responsibility among consumers, businesses, governments, and global institutions to optimize resources in the quest to provide for nine billion people by 2050.


This paper presents a method to develop a system, which will enable an autonomous agricultural vehicle to follow a leading vehicle with a given lateral and longitudinal offset. With the aid of the RTK GPS systems the position of the leading tractor was obtained every 500 ms with accuracy in the range of centimeters. To provide the target position for the guidance of the following agricultural vehicle, the position information of the leading vehicle was transmitted by wireless modems to the following vehicle continuously. With the method of curve fitting a desired path for the following vehicle could be dynamically created. Based on the target position and the generated path the desired speed and the desired steering angle of the following tractor are calculated. In order to ensure the precise navigation of the driverless following tractor, a course tracking controller and a speed controller were designed and implemented. Wireless communication was used to transmit process data and operation commands between the agricultural vehicles and a data protocol was developed to make the vehicles working collaboratively. In addition to the motion control algorithms which could keep the autonomous agricultural vehicle following the leading tractor, considerations about safety and robustness of the whole platooning control system will also be issued in this paper. The whole research work is supported by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection of the German Government.


Preface Introduction A note on dates Chronology 1. Malmesbury and Magdalen Hall, 1588-1608 2. Tutor and companion, 1608-20 3. Secretary and humanist, 1621-9 4. Early scientific studies and religious views, 1629-40 5. The elements of law, natural and politic, 1640 6. A decade of exile, 1641-51 (I) 7. A decade of exile, 1641-51 (II) 8. Leviathan and the engagement controversy, 1651-3 9. Demonstrations and disputations, 1652-9 10. Baiting the bear, 1660-9 11. The final years, 1670-9 A bibliographical essay Abbreviations Notes Index.


New global eradication initiatives in the 21st century will face more stringent and rigorous pre-launch review than their predecessors. The assessment of whether a disease can and should be targeted for eradication will involve determination of whether the disease agent meets fundamental biological and technical criteria, demonstration of operational feasibility in large and/or challenging settings, and a comprehensive review of a number of critical enabling factors required for eradication. This chapter builds on earlier work that describes the biological and technical requirements for disease eradication and focuses in more detail on nonbiological, critical enabling factors. These include durable fi nancing, effective communication strategies, and operational research, each of which plays a cross-cutting role in building and sustaining the necessary political and societal support for eradication. An eradication investment case, program governance, and the interface with health systems are additional enabling factors that are covered in more detail in separate chapters. Before launching a new eradication initiative, a comprehensive review of feasibility is required. If judged feasible, individual champions and a broad-based partnership will be needed to raise the political and fi nancial support required to launch the initiative. The assessment of feasibility is not a "one-off" activity but rather needs continual monitoring and updating as new technologies and information become available.


Mammalian Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) catalyzes the monomethylation and dimethylation of the Arginine residues of proteins. It has been shown that PRMT1 inhibitor attenuates renal fibrosis, however, the role of PRMT1 in renal interstitial fibrosis is not fully understood. Using kidney-specific PRMT1 knockout mice, we aimed to study the role of PRMT1 in renal fibrosis and explored its underlining mechanisms.

 Sham or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) operation was performed in PRMT1 Ksp-cre knockout mice, which were sacrificed on day 14. The effect of PRMT 1 on renal interstitial fibrosis was further studied using PRMT1 specific inhibitor AMI-1 in WT UUO mice. RNA-seq analysis was performed to analyze differential expressed genes in WT versus PRMT 1 knockout UUO kidneys. Moreover, TGF-β stimulated HK2 renal epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations of AMI-1(2μM to 10μM). Protein samples from in vivo and in vitro experiments were collected to assess renal fibrosis.

 Strong interstitial fibrosis was observed in Ksp-Cre- (WT) UUO mice as shown by Masson staining, and kidney-specific deletion of PRMT 1 gene attenuated interstitial fibrosis in mouse kidneys. The expression of collagen-I in mouse kidneys was analyzed by Western blotting. UUO operation increased the expression of collagen-I in WT mouse kidneys, which were reduced by kidney-specific deletion of PRMT 1 gene. Inhibition of AMI-1 on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO kidneys was confirmed by Masson staining and Western blotting analysis of pro-fibrotic markers. Mechanistically, using RNA-seq analysis, we found P63 was down-regulated in PRMT 1 knockout UUO kidneys. We further confirmed the down-regulation of P63 by qPCR and Western blotting analysis in PRMT1 knockout UUO kidneys and AMI-1 treated UUO kidneys. Moreover, we showed that AMI-1 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of P63 in TGF-β stimulated HK2 renal epithelial cells, which was correlated with down-regulation of pro-fibrotic markers.

 PRMT1 promotes renal interstitial fibrosis probably through increasing the expression of P63.


This article provides information about the Department of "Mechanics of plastic deformation" of the Tula State University since its foundation, in 1939, to the present. The information on the managers and staff of the department during the period of its existence, their achievements and scientific interests. Particular attention is paid to scientific schools, the heads of which were Yakovlev S.P. for years and Yakovlev S.S. In addition, attention is paid to the scientific and methodical work of the department, provides information about the directions of bachelor's and master's degrees. The article is dedicated to Yakovlev S.S.


This paper presents a novel method to design a millimeter-wave frequency reconfigurable antenna for sensing applications. Two types of functional materials are adding to the edges of a patch antenna. The two materials have different insulator-to-metal activation temperatures, leading to individually operating state control of each type of material. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip feeding line, one driven patch and two sub-patches. Thanks to the design flexibility of the functional materials with arbitrary shapes, the antenna can be designed at 30 GHz. It can be a good candidate for millimeter-wave temperatures sensing applications.


Abstract Introduction. Inflammatory rheumatic diseases are sometimes the first manifestation of neoplasia. Case presentation. A 57 year old female patient, heavy smoker, is admitted to our clinic for 2 days old pulp necrosis of the third finger, right hand, with onset of ischemia 1 week before admission. Other manifestations were Raynaud's phenomenon, dry mouth, dysphagia and shortness of breath after moderate physical activity with a duration of about 6 months. She was repeatedly followed-up by a pulmonologist with chest computer tomography, which detected a dimensional evolutionary mediastinal lymph node, but not investigated further. The patient had skin thickening of the hands and face, microstomia and an area of dry necrosis of 1.5/1cm in the pulp of the third finger, right hand. Laboratory tests show the presence of antinuclear antibodies with positive anti SS-A antibodies and elevated levels of serum inflammatory markers. Vascular surgery examination excludes thromboangiitis obliterans or other large vessel diseases. The presumptive diagnosis is undifferentiated connective tissue disease with systemic sclerosis and Sjögren syndrome elements, most likely secondary to the mediastinal tumor. Mediastinal biopsy shows a heterogeneous metastasis of unknown origin, and further investigations: immunohistochemistry, multiple gene mutations tests, computed tomography scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, mammography, Papanicolaou test and positron emission tomography scan did not identify the primary tumor, thus delaying oncologic treatment. Conclusion. Case of undifferentiated connective tissue disease with elements of systemic sclerosis and Sjögren syndrome, most probably paraneoplastic, with chest metastasis of unknown origin, in which diagnosis and treatment were delayed due to lack of primary tumor identification.


In this paper, the indirect adaptive fuzzy control is presented, and is applied to the electrode regulator systems of arc furnace, it is considered that the states are not available, then the state observer is designed. The adaptive fuzzy control is utilized to approach the uncertain function of plant, and the robust controller is added to the system in order to resist the external disturbances, and then the adaptive law was derived. The results of simulation show that this proposed control can restrain the external disturbances, and obtains much better dynamic and static characteristics.


A real-time information service system for the meteorological screen base on CDMA was designed.Through a complete set of information gathering,processing,aggregating and publishing system for weather prediction products,the disaster warning information,typhoon real-time position information,and weather information were displayed every ten minutes.Real-time weather information to the grouping of the LED display live information and notice was automatically released.The system contained user classification and display management module,disaster warning information module,notice entry module,real-time weather information module as well as real-time weather information automatically release module.


The Ty1 long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful model to understand the activation of transposable elements by stress and their impact on genome expression. We previously discovered that Ty1 transcription is activated under conditions of severe adenine starvation. The mechanism of activation is independent of the Bas1 transcriptional activator of the de novo AMP biosynthesis pathway and probably involves chromatin remodeling at the Ty1 promoter. Here, we show that the 5 (cid:1) LTR has a weak transcriptional activity and is sufficient for the activation by severe adenine starvation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ty1 insertions that bring Ty1 promoter sequences into the vicinity of a reporter gene confer adenine starvation regulation on it. We provide evidence that similar coactivation of genes adjacent to Ty1 sequences occurs naturally in the yeast genome, indicating that Ty1 insertions can mediate transcriptional control of yeast gene expression under conditions of severe adenine starvation. Finally, the transcription pattern of genes adjacent to Ty1 insertions suggests that severe adenine starvation facilitates the initiation of transcription at alternative sites, partly located in the 5 (cid:1) LTR. We propose that Ty1-driven transcription of coding and noncoding sequences could regulate yeast gene expression in response to stress. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are widespread then selected uracil auxo- trophic cells, on 5-fluorouracil plates (6). We confirmed by PCR (Eppendorf PCR extender system) that these cells lost URA3 and Ty1 internal regions, by homologous recombination between the two LTRs of the Ty1 element, leaving a solo LTR. Strains containing a TYA-lacZ fusion at the chromosomal locus of a native Ty1 element, with lacZ expressed from all of the Ty1 transcription control sequences, have already been described (48). Briefly, lacZ was fused in frame to TYA at an MfeI restriction site (at coordinate 1569 of Ty1-H3) (5), and followed by the URA3 gene and TYB sequences (coordinates 2171 to 3726 of Ty1-H3). The Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS) annotation is used to name Ty1 elements (http://mips.gsf.de/genre/proj/yeast/). Strains containing an LTR- lacZ fusion at Ty1-DR3, Ty1-ML1, and Ty1-PR1 loci were obtained upon transformation of FYBL1-23D with a Ty1up- LTR -lacZ-URA3- " ty1b " DNA fragment. For each Ty1 element, The Ty1up- LTR portion was obtained by high- fidelity PCR amplification (Eppendorf PCR extender system) of a region cov-ering approximately 100 bp upstream of the element and the 5 (cid:2) LTR. The Ty1up sequence allows targeting of the integration to the right Ty1 locus. The " ty1b " sequences come from Ty1-H3 (coordinates 2171 to 3726). LTR sequences were checked for errors introduced during the amplification process. Null alleles of BAS1 and SNF2 were obtained in these strains by one-step gene replacement, using a PCR fragment of the KanMX and TRP1 cassettes flanked with 5 (cid:2) and 3 (cid:2) sequences of BAS1 and SNF2 , respectively (Eppendorf PCR extender system). Ty1- his3 (cid:3) 4 allele and the Ty1-TDH3-lacZ construct (22). With ESF1 , this study provides the first example of a yeast gene naturally under the control of an endogenous Ty1 insertion. Here, we identify two classes of ESF1 mRNA species. The first class contains several mRNA species with 5 (cid:2) ends in the LTR of Ty1-DR6. All of these transcripts are likely not functional since they contain several short ORFs upstream of the ESF1 initiation codon. The second class corresponds to mRNA species with 5 (cid:2) ends in the region comprised between the 5 (cid:2) LTR and ESF1 and includes functional ESF1 mRNA. Ty1-DR6 affects the expression of these two classes by different means. Transcripts with 5 (cid:2) ends in the LTR of Ty1-DR6 are under the control of Ty1-DR6 regulatory sequences and follow the regulation of Ty1 transcription, as they are absent in ste12 (cid:3) cells and their level increases in adenine-deprived cells. In contrast, conditions that inhibit Ty1 transcription (i.e., ste12 (cid:3) ) increase the amounts of the second class of ESF1 mRNA and conversely conditions that stimulate Ty1 transcription (i.e., severe adenine starvation in ste12 (cid:3) cells) decrease their amounts. This regulation could be explained by a competition for the recruitment of transcription factors at the ESF1 promoter region and the 5 (cid:2) LTR or by transcription interference with transcription from the Ty1-LTR masking the ESF1 promoter region.


Structural relationships in data are revealed by methods of clustering and fuzzy clustering. In essence, clustering leads to the reduction of data. Dimensionality reduction comes as a complementary process in which we eliminate some features (attributes). This study introduces a concept of structure reduction which is guided by a criterion of structure retention. In particular, it is shown that each cluster could be described by a different subset of features so that finally the reduction leads to the local feature subspaces. By analyzing the resulting subspaces, one could gain a better insight into a nature of the contributing features and in this way identify subsets of the most meaningful ones. The reduction problem is formulated and formalized as a certain combinatorial optimization task whose solution is provided by means of particle swarm optimization.


Objective To explore the present situation of how well the citizens understand AIDS,and carry out relevant AIDS-related health education activities.Methods Questionnaires were published in the Shenzhen Evening Newspaper,and were collected in a specified period of time in order to analyze all the data concerned.Results A total of 1400. questionnaires were collected.Only 380 participants gave correct answers to all the 20 questions,accounting for 27.1%. Amongall the participants,804 were males and 596 were females,and their ages ranged from 9 to 77 years.The particrpants who had received education in junior middle schools comprised the majority,while the others had education in senior high schools,technical secondary schools,colleges and universities.Only a few of them had primary school education.The participants had a various types of occupation,but the majority were staff members,workers,cadres,teachers,waiters and students.The more education they received,the higher the correct answer rate was,and vice versa.Conclusion The results of this knowledge contest are beneficial to our future work,AIDS-related health education as well.which should be relevant and highly effective.


As the development of air traffic control technologies, the applications of data links have become more and more important. However, the effectiveness of data link application turns out to be a serious issue. To meet the real time requirement in flight missions, or more specifically, in Controller Pilot Data Link Communication (CPDLC), human-machine interfaces have to be considered. This paper applies the mission-oriented design to classify and rearrange the commands and implements a simulation of the data link human-machine interface through an integrated display unit design.


The 1–3 piezocomposite with rigid panels can improve the open-circuit receiving voltage sensitivity of 1–3 piezocomposite hydrophones, and also can reduce its equivalent noise pressure. This paper discussed how the rigid panels affect 1–3 piezcomposite hydrostatic transducers by finite element analysis. The best hydrostatic performance for a 1–3 piezocomposite was obtained by using a low pillar aspect ratio and low volume fraction composite of piezoelectric phase. The thickness of rigid panels was determined by the pillar aspect ratio and the rigid panels' material. All the parameters above should be considered to obtain the optimal stress amplification effect of rigid panels and to reduce the effect of g 31 .


Banford et al. present the results of a study (funded in part by the British College of Optometrists) on visual function in young insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDMs). The aims of the study were threefold: to compare over a two-year period the visual functions of a group of young IDDMs (/J = 42) with age and sex matched controls (n = 24); to assess the influence of metabolic control on visual function in IDDMs; and to correlate altered visual function with morphological change. Examinations were carried out every three months and found: no significant differences in visual acuity between the two groups; a significant reduction in contrast sensitivity at 3 c/deg and above; a decrease in contrast sensitivity as metabolic control diminished especially for the higher spatial frequencies; as the blood glucose level decreased colour vision deteriorated. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the visual performance of those IDDMs with retinopathy compared to those without, but an important finding was that all of the above visual anomalies occurred in the absence of any detectable reduction in Snellen visual acuity. Tuck and Crick continue their series of papers on screening for glaucoma by examining the various criteria adopted by optometrists in deciding whether or not to test a patient's visual fields. The analysis is based on a large prospective survey conducted on behalf of the International Glaucoma Association which has covered many aspects of the optometrist's role in screening for glaucoma {see previous reports which have outlined the methodology, for example. Tuck, M. W. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 11, 22-26 (1991); Tuck, M. W. and Crick, R. P. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 13, 227-232 (1993)). Ofthe 241 optometrists sampled, 45 (19%) did not use a field screener. Of those who did (196), only 17 used a field screener routinely on all patients aged over 40 years, whereas 40 optometrists screened when intraocular pressures were > 20 mmHg or when there was some other risk factor. The remaining 116 optometrists screened, on average, 1 in 10 of their patients, a practice which the authors consider does little to contribute to the number of glaucoma cases detected. The time taken to conduct a visual field examination is probably not a significant factor in reaching a decision as, in an associated paper. Tuck and Crick show that visual field screening in a normal population could reasonably be assumed to take an average of only 4 min per patient. As might be expected the results indicate that the average time depended not only on the test procedure adopted but also on how frequently the examiner conducted field tests. Interestingly, similar testing times were found for both registered optometrists and optometric assistants. The average time of 4 min per patient was increased to 7 min when patients were classified as being at relatively high-risk of developing primary open-angle glaucoma. Claydon and Efron review the literature on patient compliance in contact lens wear. The work was funded by the British College of Optometrists and is set in the context of a generalized model of compliance in general health care reported previously {see Claydon, B. E. and Efron, N. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 14, 257-264 (1994)). Particular areas of concern were shown to be: inadequate or irregular cleaning, disinfecting and enzyme procedures; solutions being kept for too long (especially for extended wear lens patients); poor hand and contact lens-case hygiene; inappropriate contact lens wearing times; and irregular attendance at aftercare visits. Non-compliance appears, for many patients, to be unintentional and the authors suggest that the level of compliance could be enhanced considerably if more attention is paid to the practitioner-patient relationship. Wiikins et al. set out to determine which categories of child patient can benefit, in terms of 'perceptual' comfort while reading, from individually prescribed tinted lenses. The population of children who might benefit has not been clearly identified or defined in previous literature, although children with reading difficulties, asthenopia or migraine as part of a family history seem more likely to experience problems. The 68 children taking part in study had already benefited from the use of coloured overlays in the classroom the colour of which had been selected individually using the Intuitive Colorimeter {see Wilkins, A., Nimmo-Smith, I. and Jansons, J. E. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 12, 381-385 (1992)). In this study plastic spectacle lenses were tinted to match approximately each child's selected chromaticity and these were tested against a tinted lens which had a chromaticity specification which fell outside the range previously shown to improve performance. There was, on average, a greater reduction in symptoms of headache and eye-strain while reading when the experimental lenses were worn. Although at present the physiological basis for the efficacy of tints remains obscure, the optometric community will clearly need to monitor and assess the ramifications of research findings as they become available. Jackson et al. propose that there could be under-utilization of guide dogs by visually-impaired


Boundary element method was used to study the sound field of car room and the sound contribution of body segments.The frequency which the peak of sound pressure in the car corresponds and the body segment to which the noise sources of the peak component correspond were analysed.To reduce the vibration and noise of the bus body and in view of the lightweight body design,optimal parameters of the composite damping structure under corresponding constraints were investigated,considering the sound radiation,modal frequencies and loss factor characteristics of the composite damping structure model.Good results on the bus body were achieved by using the damping technique proposed.


Home care services needed to the household are different by characteristics of a care person in addition to the conditions of the aged person who needs care. In this paper, we grasped difference of home care service demand in a farm household and a non-farm household by questionnaire investigation from above-mentioned point of view and analyzed the factor. And we considered the supply system of home care service in hilly and mountainous areas through the analysis.


Learning Indonesian Language nowadays is a challenge for both teachers and students. This condition certainly requires a media to be an intermediary between teachers and students in online and offline learning. Especially, the media that functions as a messanger or delivers the materials from the teacher to students in learning Indonesian language. This media is needed to support Indonesian language learning so that the target is achieved as planned. The objectives of this research include (1) the procedure for making PowerPoint-based Au-Vi media, (2) the factors that influence the making of PowerPoint-based Au-Vi media. This research uses a qualitative method. The process of data analysis of this research is expressed descriptively. The results show that the process of making PowerPoint-based Au-Vi media tends to be easy if the teacher is proficient in using Microsoft PowerPoint. Teachers can create templates, insert learning materials, insert voice explanations for material, add back sounds, set automatic transitions and animations, and save them in MP4 video format. There are two factors that influence the making of this media, namely factors related to the learning components and technical factors outside the learning components.


A national library bears responsibility to collect, develop, manage and preserve the national knowledge resources and heritages. The institution, in order to accomplish this duty, should center on systematically developed collection development policy. This paper, in this regard, strives to propose a model to comprise of basic principles of collection development of a national library in order for the effective management of resources by the types and subjects. Major emphasis was put on the nature of a national library as a legal deposit library, an information gateway, and a repository for national information resources. As a result, a model collection development policy appropriate for a national library has been proposed by analyzing cases in other countries to guide establishing principles for determining and analyzing the types and magnitude of the collection acquisition; by applying the Five-level conspectus to be optimal to collection magnitude; and, by identifying the essential elements in systematic development of national knowledge/information resources.


Abstract Corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in bio-fuels are a concern with the increase in the usage of ethanol as an alternate fuel. Electrochemical studies in highly resistive electrolytes (e.g., ethanol) traditionally have been conducted with the addition of a supporting electrolyte. The present work used microelectrodes to study the electrochemical behavior of carbon steel in fuel-grade ethanol (FGE). Owing to the small electrode size, a small magnitude of current was measured that reduces ohmic potential drops and makes it possible to perform electrochemical experiments in the absence of a supporting electrolyte. The present method was used to investigate the effect of water and chloride on the corrosion of carbon steel in FGE. The results were generally consistent with those obtained in alcoholic solutions when a supporting electrolyte was used. Additionally, the microelectrode method was used to evaluate the electrochemical response of steel in the presence of a stress corrosi...


Tungsten disulfide (WS2), as a typical metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), has aroused keen research interests in photodetection. Here, field effect phototransistors (FEpTs) based on heterojunction between monolayer WS2 and PbS colloidal quantum dots are demonstrated to show high photoresponsivity (up to ∼14 A/W), wide electric bandwidth (∼396 Hz), and excellent stability. Meanwhile, the devices exhibit fast photoresponse times of ∼153 μs (rise time) and ∼226 μs (fall time) due to the assistance of heterojunction on the transfer of photoexcitons. Therefore, excellent device performances strongly underscore monolayer WS2–PbS quantum dot as a promising material for future photoelectronic applications.


A "Services Sciences, Management, and Engineering (SSME)" [1] initiative has been started to study the movement to service economies involving computer science, operations research, industrial engineering, information science, systems science, business strategy, management sciences, social and cognitive sciences, and so on, and is trying to define new study area for services based on these disciplines. In this paper, we introduce a new service design approach, "Value oriented service design", which focuses on created values during service activities. Traditionally a method called as Service Blueprint [3] [4] is used for service design, which is a task based design method defining activity flows with assigned roles. The new approach is focused on values between tacks, such as information created. The paper talks about a case study of these approaches, and discusses the future research items.