BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical imaging technique that may be useful in diagnosis of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). OBJECTIVES To describe OCT features in NMSC such as actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and in benign lesions and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of OCT in differentiating NMSC from benign lesions and normal skin. METHODS AND MATERIALS OCT and polarization‐sensitive (PS) OCT from 104 patients were studied. Observer‐blinded evaluation of OCT images from 64 BCCs, 1 baso‐squamous carcinoma, 39 AKs, two malignant melanomas, nine benign lesions, and 105 OCT images from perilesional skin was performed; 50 OCT images of NMSC and 50 PS‐OCT images of normal skin were evaluated twice. RESULTS Sensitivity was 79% to 94% and specificity 85% to 96% in differentiating normal skin from lesions. Important features were absence of well‐defined layering in OCT and PS‐OCT images and dark lobules in BCC. Discrimination of AK from BCC had an error rate of 50% to 52%. CONCLUSION OCT features in NMSC are identified, but AK and BCC cannot be differentiated. OCT diagnosis is less accurate than clinical diagnosis, but high accuracy in distinguishing lesions from normal skin, crucial for delineating tumor borders, was obtained.


Over their first year of work all nurses employed in a large hospital reported decreased job satisfaction, decreased organizational commitment, and decreased professionalism. This happened with both new graduates and experienced nurses alike; only Master's prepared nurses did not report this decline. The results suggest that employers need to assess the initial expectations of new nurses and either meet more of those expectations or help new nurses form more realistic expectations about their jobs.


Multiple wavelength oscillation at 0.91, 1.08, 1.53, and 1.55 μm has been simultaneously obtained in a fusion‐spliced silica‐based fiber laser consisting of Er3+‐doped and Nd3+‐doped fibers. The laser mirrors, which are butted against the cleaved fiber ends, have high reflectivities at these wavelengths with a high transmission at a pumping wavelength of 514 nm. The output powers at 0.91, 1.08, and 1.53 μm are 2.0, 1.7, and 0.42 mW, respectively, for absorbed powers of 115 mW in a Nd3+‐doped fiber and 185 mW in an Er3+‐doped fiber.


A class of polynomial basic function with two adjustable shape parameters is presented.It is an extension to classical cubic Bernstein basis function.A polynomial curve,called cubic Quasi-Bezier(Q-Bezier) curve with two shape parameters is defined based on it.The curve inherits the most properties of cubic Bezier curve and the shape of Q-Bezier curve can be adjusted by alerting the two shape parameters when the control polygon is maintained.The Q-Bezier curve can be more approximated to the control polygon.It is visible that the properties of end-point on Q-Bezier curve can be controlled by the two shape parameters.Finally,some examples are given by figures.


This paper addresses the computational complexity associated with 6-DoF inertial SLAM by recasting the filter into an indirect or complimentary structure. By doing so the standard non-linear inertial SLAM algorithm is piecewise linearised, providing two significant breakthroughs. Firstly, through the process of linearisation, the filter estimates the errors in the inertial states (errors in position, velocity and attitude) as opposed to the inertial states themselves, thus significantly reducing the amount of prediction updates required and hence the computational burden generally associated with inertial SLAM. Secondly, due to the piecewise linear nature of the underlying model, a new level of understanding of the observability of SLAM can be carried out through the use of the stripped observability matrix. This paper focuses on the 6-DoF implementation of SLAM in an airborne vehicle. Results illustrating that the new filter structure can efficiently estimate the errors and provide a navigation solution which is comparable to the standard implementation with significantly less computational cost is provided, along with theoretical results on the observability of 6-DoF SLAM.


Synchronous clocks are an essential requirement for a variety of distributed system applications. Many of these applications are safety-critical and require fault tolerance. The paper presents a general probabilistic clock synchronization model. This model is uniformly probabilistic, incorporating random message delays, random clock drifts; and random fault occurrences. The model allows faults in any system component and of any type. Also, a new sliding window clock synchronization algorithm (SWA) that provides increased fault tolerance is proposed. The comprehensive model is used for an evaluation of SWA which shows that SWA is capable of tolerating significantly more faults than other algorithms and that the synchronization tightness is as good or better than that of other algorithms.<<ETX>>


Functional decline is a gradual process occurring along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum, starting years before dementia onset. Different instruments, such as the ADCS‐ADL and the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (A‐IADL‐Q) aim to capture early functional changes. In the current study, we compared measurement instruments and scoring techniques to find the optimal measurement technique for detecting functional impairment in early AD.


Introduction: The use of Filshie clips for tubal ligation is a common form of contraception. Migration of Filshie clips is a rare but well published complication. We report what we believe is the first case of a Filshie clip migrating completely into the bladder and presenting as a bladder calculus approximately 40 years post-insertion. Case presentation: A 73 year old lady presented with gross hematuria with no other associated symptoms. A CT Urogram and flexible cystoscopy revealed a right posterolateral bladder diverticulum with a 2.1 x 1.4 cm calculus within and no other urinary tract abnormality. She had undergone a previous tubal ligation approximately 40 years ago. She subsequently underwent a rigid cystoscopy and cystolithotripsy. Intra-operatively, during laser cystolithotripsy, a Filshie clip was seen at the core of stone. After completion of cystolithotripsy, the Filshie clip was easily removed with a grasper. The wall of the bladder diverticulum was inspected and appeared normal and intact. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged on post-operative day 1. Conclusion: Filshie clip migration is rare occurrence. There are multiple case reports describing the migration of Filshie clips. This case adds to the existing literature as a potential rare late complication of migrated Filshie clips. It raises awareness that patients with previous tubal ligation may present with complications as late as 40 years post-insertion.


Thank you very much for reading cultural diversity among twentieth century foragers an african perspective. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this cultural diversity among twentieth century foragers an african perspective, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Women's traumatic experience of breast cancer (BC) can result in posttraumatic growth (PTG). Women's embodied experiences of BC seem particularly pertinent to their experiences of both difficulty and growth. While PTG is usually conceptualized as having five domains, it seems that BC survivors experience a sixth domain—corporeal PTG (CPTG). CPTG was recently defined as a "reclaiming" and renewed connection to the body through increased appreciation of the physical self, a new sense of bodily responsibility, positive health changes, and a new sense of positive identification with the body. This study's aim was to explore how women experience CPTG due to BC. In-depth interviews were conducted with female BC survivors. Interpretative phenomenological analysis extracted three themes: losing, regaining, and relinquishing ultimate control over the body, reconstructing embodied identity, and a newfound appreciation for the body. Participants spoke of a complicated journey from distress, loss, and fragmentation to a reshaping of their assumptions about their bodies. The findings suggest that the body plays a vital role in women's traumatic and growth-related experiences of BC. Future research on the embodied experience of BC is recommended as it forms a crucial part of BC recovery.


This study conducted a survey of 465 notices of environmental violations (NEV) issued in the area covered by the Environmental Military Police (EMP) of Tijucas in the period of 2010 to 2014. For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics combined with information obtained in the literature. The results showed that the main typifications of the study regard the flora, with approximately 131 ha of affected areas scanned during this period. The municipality with the highest incidence of environmental violations was Nova Trento, followed by Camboriú. It has been verified that the main motivation of violators to suppress native vegetation was earthwork and construction in the municipalities more subject to urban expansion, and to execute planting of exotic species (eucalyptus) at the rural areas. The results showed the necessity to target EMP's efforts in combating environmental violations, especially in preventive actions, such as environmental education and sustainable forest management.


The purpose of our essay was to examine what treatment women have had, who in their teenage years had eating disorders, how they have experienced this treatment and how they live today. Our central questions were; what was their experience of the treatment, how are their lives today, has the eating disorder and the treatment affected how the women live today and what kind of treatments are there? The research is based on qualitative interviews with five women who have had eating disorders and medical personnel who specialize in treatment of eating disorders. We have found that some of the women have gone through several treatments and that they have the most positive experience from their latest treatment. Today most of the women are free from symptoms but still have negative thoughts about food and their appearances sometimes. The women have been affected by the eating disorder as well as the treatment. They all have some kind of physical marks and some of the women mean that they have been affected mentally by suffering from depressions and socially because of the loss of former friends. The women experience that the treatment has helped them to get better.


Networks employing wavelength routing, optical amplifiers, and flexible access techniques offer the potential of high reliability and high capacity for telecommunications core network systems. The requirements of these long-haul networks will place high demands on the optical bandwidth and noise performance of optical amplifiers. Network models based on both optical broadband and wavelength selective principles are compared, and a method of equalizing the useful optical bandwidth of amplified routes in wavelength selective networks is presented. Experimental work using commercially available wavelength-division in multiplexing technology, distributed-feedback lasers, and optical amplifiers is described.<<ETX>>


Abstract The molecular structure of septuplinolide from Calea septuplinerva was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This requires revision of stereochemistry at C4 from 4β-OH to 4α-OH in the septuplinolide molecule. Also, high-field 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments of the lactone are given.


Abstract The reactivities of Y 2 O 3 and BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalysts have been investigated for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactions. With CH 4 : O 2 : N 2 =2.47 : 1 : 11.4 and a total flow rate of 50 mL min −1 , after 4 h of reaction time at 750°C, the CH 4 conversion and C 2 selectivity over Y 2 O 3 were 29.9 and 26.2%, respectively, giving a C 2 yield of 7.8%. When 30 mol% of BaF 2 was added, the CH 4 conversion, C 2 selectivity, and C 2 yield were enhanced to 35.3, 55.4, and 19.5%, respectively. With a 95 mol% BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalyst, we could achieve a 22.4% C 2 yield with CH 4 conversion and C 2 selectivity, respectively, equal to 36.1 and 62.1%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation of the BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalysts revealed that the cubic Y 2 O 3 lattice had expanded slightly while the cubic BaF 2 phase contracted. Based on the results of O 2 absorption as well as temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) studies, we know that the BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalysts have higher ability in O 2 activation than the undoped Y 2 O 3 catalyst. We suggest that the ionic exchange which occurred between the BaF 2 and Y 2 O 3 phases caused the generation of active defects. We used the EPR technique to monitor the generation of trapped electrons in the 95 mol% BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalyst. The results indicated that there were reducible oxygen ions which existed largely in the bulk. After H 2 reduction between 500 and 700°C, a kind of trapped electron with EPR signal centered at 2.0871 was formed. H 2 reduction above 700°C could result in the generation of another type of trapped electron with EPR signal centered at 2.0087. The 2.0871 signal showed doublet superhyperfine structures while the 2.0087 one was symmetrical. We interpret the former as being due to trapped electrons interacting with the Y 3+ ions, while the latter due to trapped electrons shared among the orbitals of the surrounding cations. The 2.0871 trapped electrons spread throughout the sample, while the 2.0087 ones existed only on the surface. The involvement of surface-trapped electrons in activating O 2 was observed at 25°C, while above 500°C, trapped electrons in the bulk were also involved. According to the results obtained, we have reasons to believe that in the OCM reaction, the BaF 2 /Y 2 O 3 catalysts were reduced by hydrogen dissociated from methane, and trapped electrons were generated. These trapped electrons could serve as active sites for O 2 activation.


Abstract An economic perspective on small business social responsibility applies economic theory to the analysis of the role of business in society. The objective is to carve a place for the concept business social responsibility - BSR in economics given that some economists have opposed it. In this article the researchers delve into economic theory to explain the workings of the market forces to determine the extent to which the so called invisible hand helps society solve its economic problem and when it fails to do so. A detailed literature review was conducted. Based on the insights gained from the literature analysis, they conclude that the concept of BSR arises out of the failure of the invisible hand to entirely solve society's economic problem of scarcity through efficient production and distribution. Thus, BSR has a firm place in normative economics.


On the basis of analyzing ultrasonic metering distance principle,a metering distance system based on single chip microcomputer control is designed.Some anti-interference measurements are proposed by analyzing ultrasonic echo wave interference,transmitting speed and environmental temperature working on the metering distance system.Then a ultrasonic receiving circuit and temperature compensate circuit are designed.


The pivotal need to identify people requires efficient and robust schemes to guarantee high levels of personal information security. This paper introduces an encryption algorithm to generate cancelable face templates based on quantum image Hilbert permutation. The objective is to provide sufficient distortion of human facial biometrics to be stored in a database for authentication requirements through encryption. The strength of the proposed Cancelable Biometric (CB) scheme is guaranteed through the ability to generate cancelable face templates by performing the scrambling operation of the face biometrics after addition of a noise mask with a pre-specified variance and an initial seed. Generating the cancelable templates depends on a strategy with three basic steps: Initialization, Odd module, and Even module. Notably, the proposed scheme achieves high recognition rates based on the Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AROC) curve, with a value up to 99.51%. Furthermore, comparisons with the state-of-the-art schemes for cancelable face recognition are performed to validate the proposed scheme.


Public sector real estate development is common in many parts of the world such as the USA and the Netherlands. However, in Australia, the nature and extent of such development does not appear to be known. This article presents the results of an investigation into the extent and nature of real estate development by Local Governments in Queensland, a state where private sector values are often assumed to prevail. The study provides an overview of what types of real estate Councils have developed and how much they have developed over the last 10 years. Such development is widespread in Queensland with at least one-third of Local Governments having developed land. Councils often develop because of a perceived failure of the private sector to provide development adequately or as an entrepreneurial means of achieving public interest goals. However, there is also evidence that Councils are acting like private developers, acquiring land from the private sector and disposing it at open market values. There is an opportunity to learn from the experience of these Councils if local planning is to enter a more proactive approach to shaping urban outcomes.


This paper focuses on the management of automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) from a practical standpoint. Most of the articles in the recent AS/RS literature rely on analytical models that are based on tight assumptions. However, some of these assumptions are not clear cut and therefore the validity of the results reported in the theoretical works need to be clearly assessed when applying them to a particular industrial setting. To this end, this paper presents a discrete-event simulator that was designed to accurately reproduce the characteristics of an industrial AS/RS owned by a large manufacturer in the food industry located in Quebec City, Canada. Various scenarios inspired by real data provided by our industrial partner were used to compare the system performance under several storage assignment policies. Our experimental results confirm our hypothesis that the system behaviour deviates from the theoretical expectations as soon as the most simplistic, yet realistic conditions are considered.


There is a relationship between biography and theory. The analyst's ideas or formulations about his patients—theories really—must be determined, to some degree, by the certain and uncertain impact of his own history. Harry Stack Sullivan brought psychoanalysis squarely into the ambit of the relational/historical world by insisting that the mind is thoroughly and inherently social. In doing so, he staked a claim for the link between history, that is, social experience, and personhood. Our personalities and our theories are social-historical constructions. In relation to this, some differences between the interpersonal/relational and Bionian concepts of field theory are provided. One important difference pertains to the role of the analyst's conduct. Two meanings of conduct—to behave or to organize behavior—are at the center of what distinguishes the interpersonal/relational view of the analyst's position in the field from the Bionian view. For the relational analyst, action in the analytic field, including enactment, is conduct, and conduct is always bidirectional. The analyst, then, is a medium to alter, to reconstruct the self. He does not provide experience, he is experience. The form of an analytic exchange gives shape to the field and its content.


The global economic milieu since the turn of the century has been one of liberalization and financial deregulation. The year 200405 is co-terminus with the discernible liberal phase in Indian policy regime towards outbound Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the concomitant boom in foreign acquisitions by Indian firms. The borders across geographies are increasingly becoming blurred, especially in this Internet era (post-1995), notwithstanding the differences along cultural, administrative, geographic and economic dimensions. This is attributable to the developments in Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) sector.


[Objective]The research aimed to screen out the filamentous petroleum degradation fungi and study its degrading characteristics.[Method]The target strains were screened from petroleum-polluted seawater and soil respectively in Xiangshan Port and nearby Zhenhai Refinery of Ningbo.And their degradation speed of crude oil,oil tolerance,inoculation amount,N and P nutrient requirements were discussed.[Result]Three target strains were obtained,which were Hyphochytrium Zopf,Dictyuchus Leitgeb and Pythium Pringsheim,named as S-3,T-1 and T-2 respectively.Three strains all had the characteristics of degrading crude oil fast and efficiently.Their average degradation rates to crude oil were 57.00%-65.00% after their were incubated at the inoculation volume of 0.5%-1.0%(V/V) for 5 days.S-3 strain had strong oil tolerance and it was suitable for nutrient environment with less N and P.T-1 and T-2 strains had the tolerance to nutrient environment with high N and P.But high concentrations of crude oil were not conducive to the bio-transformation of crude oil.[Conclusion]As a new kind of microbial resources for the biological control of petroleum pollution,filamentous petroleum degradation fungi had good application foreground.


A key aspect of human face perception is our ability to accurately estimate the direction of a gaze (Hinde & Rowell, 1962; Kleinke, 1986). Studies have shown that other besides using the overall orientation of the head, the visual system relies on cues from the eyes (BaronCohen, 1995; Perrett et al. 1985; Todorović, 2006; von Grunau & Anston, 1995). Even under highly degraded conditions, the eyes seem to provide a wealth of information for determining gaze direction. Cline (1967) showed that observers can detect gaze deviations as small as 1.4° at a distance of a meter. This ability is not surprising given the key role that gaze direction plays in mediating social interactions and enabling joint attention (e.g., see Driver, Davis, & Ricciardelli, 1999; Emery, 2000; Hietanen, 1999, for review). For instance, direct gaze, even from an image, can be very persuasive (e.g., posters of Uncle Sam calling people to join the army during World War II). So how do we decide where someone is looking? Many researchers have suggested that the unique morphology of the human eye means that useful information can be recovered using simple structurebased cues (Langton, 2000, p. 52). That is, compared to other animals, the human eye has a relatively small dark region (including the pupil and iris) and a large white sclera on either side of the iris (Kobayashi & Kohshima, 1997). The high contrast between the white sclera and the dark iris make the discrimination of gaze direction much easier in humans than in other animals and implies that simple geometric features can be used to determine eyegaze direction. One geometrybased strategy that many researchers have suggested plays a predominant role in the determination of gaze direction is iris eccentricity, or the relative position of the circular iris within the visible part of the sclera (Anstis, Mayhew, & Morley, 1969, p. 489; BaronCohen, 1994, p. 519; Symons, Lee, Cedrone, & Nishimura, 2004, p. 452). According to this idea, the position and curvature direction of the high contrast between the sclera and the iris facilitates the extraction of geometric cues considered essential for estimating gaze direction. While a geometrybased eyegaze estimation strategy has been the basis of many theories, such a strategy would rely on relatively detailed curvature information and would therefore function suboptimally under lowresolution viewing conditions. Partly in response to this concern, the past decade has seen the rise of luminancebased theories of eyegaze estimation. The idea of luminancebased estimation of gaze direction arose from the observation that contrast negation affects eyegaze perception, and an early demonstration and possible explanation for this phenomenon was offered by Sinha (2000) and named the "Bogart effect." The Bogart effect received its name after being first demonstrated using an image of Humphrey Bogart (Sinha, 2000). In the untouched version of the image, Humphrey Bogart is seen looking to his left. However, when the same image is contrast negated (like in negatives of a photographic film), Bogart's gaze appears to reverse direction and look to the right (Fig. V.891). As can be seen from Figure V.891a, the effect of contrast negation on the estimation of gaze direction is not unique to Bogart's face. To test the robustness of this effect, subjects were shown the images from Figure V.891 and asked to indicate whether the individuals depicted in the image appeared to be looking to the (subject's) left or right. As Figure V.892 shows, contrast negation of the entire face led to a reversal of the perceived gaze direction in most subjects. For the few cases in which contrast negation did not lead to a reversal in the estimation of gaze direction, postexperiment debriefing suggested that subjects might have been deliberately compensating for the contrast negation and estimating the "real" gaze direction by reversing the perceived one. Overall, the strong correlation of perceived gaze direction with contrast polarity in these images suggests that the visual system uses a gazeestimation strategy that may be based on a simple luminancebased heuristic: Which side is darker? The perceptual power of this rule of thumb is evident in the observation that, for most subjects, gazedirection reversal was obtained even though the subjects could tell that they were looking at contrastnegative images and thus "knew" that the irises were the light regions in the eyes. That is, the gazeestimation process appears to be largely "cognitively impenetrable" (Pylyshyn, 1999), with the rule of thumb taking precedence over cognitive classifications of eye regions as the iris and sclera. Importantly, gazedirection reversal was obtained despite the fact that the geometric cues obtained from the negated image did not coincide with the new perceived direction. That is, the putative iris in the negated image is of an abnormal size OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRSTPROOFS, Fri Nov 04 2016, NEWGEN


Lymphatic filariasis (LF) commonly known as elephantiasis is considered as a major public health problem due to its considerable morbidity and social stigma. National health policy 2002 aims at elimination of transmission and the prevention of disability due to LF by the year 20151. Sixteen out of twenty three districts of Andhra Pradesh, India are under the grip of LF and 54 million population of the state is under "Mass drug administration" (MDA) programme with annual single dose of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) tablets once a year1. East Godavari district is one of the worst LF affected districts in Andhra Pradesh. As per the Government of Andhra Pradesh report a total of six rounds of MDA programme were conducted between 1999 and 2005 covering approximately five million population2. Therefore, night blood surveys and partial entomological surveys were conducted in two MF endemic towns and six endemic villages between January to May 2004 and again July to November 2005 to note the recent prevalence (mf) and disease incidence in the district.


C arlota Subiros is a director and translator. At 23 she staged her first show, based on the Thomas Bernhard novel The Loser, which was highly acclaimed by the critics. The piece was presented at Teatre Lliure, one of Barcelona's major independent theatres, of which she has recently become a member of the artistic direction team. Meanwhile, she has introduced in Spain the work of contemporary playwrights as Jon Fosse and Wallace Shawn, whose The Designated Mourner she directed in 2003. She has also staged plays by Catalan young writers such as David Plana, and worked with dance, music and literature as sources for her own pieces. Carlota Subir6s has translated plays by David Mamet, Wallace Shawn, Harold Pinter, Neil LaBute, David Harrower, Jessica Goldberg, and Luigi Pirandello into Catalan, and edits a journal published by the Teatre Lliure, DDT, Documents de Teatre. This interview was conducted on June 20, 2004.


-The effects of high temperature stress on adult viability, fertility and egg mortality were studied in 13 strains each of Drosophila robusta and D. tripunctata. Sexes were studied separately. Adult viability of D. robusta was significantly greater than that of D. tripunctata at 27 and 30 C, temperatures approximating their maximum ambient temperatures in nature. At 20 C there were no significant differences between species in adult viability. Viability differences between strains and sexes were generally not significant at any temperature. Fertility decreased with increased treatment temperature. There were no significant differences in fertility between the species or sexes at any temperature except for 27 C, at which female fertility was significantly lower than male fertility for both species. Egg mortality of D. tripunctata was significantly higher at 27 compared to 20 C, while there was no significant difference in the egg mortality of D. robusta between those two temperatures. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that temperature primarily regulates the seasonal abundances of D. robusta and D. tripunctata in nature.


duce new products, move the full line or slow items, boost morale, and offset competition. In keeping with these objectives, most companies make incentive awards mainly on the basis of total dollar sales, total unit sales, sales of new products, sales of selected products, and number of new accounts opened. Most companies begin their incentive campaigns in January and September. About 43 percent of salesmen win awards, the value of which ranges from $196 for a unit-of-a-merchandise award to $829 for a trip award.


There are always trade-offs to weigh up when taking monetary and macroprudential policy actions. The choice is between supporting the economy by ensuring a smooth supply of credit at favourable conditions, on the one hand, and containing financial stability risks, on the other hand. There are also significant spillovers between the two policies since they are both implemented and transmitted through the financial system. Monetary and macroprudential authorities need to take these interactions into account when deciding on interventions. Indeed, there are clear advantages of accounting for financial stability considerations when taking monetary policy decisions and limiting the constraints on the practical implementation of macroprudential policy.


Abstract : Whenever there are delays in the reporting of information about target positions as determined by the radar positions, there will be errors in the reported positions. These errors are due to the fact that time is required to report and to transmit target-positions and that during that time the target has moved from the position shown on the radar screen. These errors can be quite appreciable with high speed targets, and with long delays in the transmission of information. In order to show the magnitude of these errors, and in order to facilitate the calculation of maximum allowable delays, for any given set of conditions, mathematical formulae are derived for the calculation of errors in range and errors in bearing due to time delays in the transmission of information. These equations show that speed of the target, target course, initial range, and total time delay all affect the magnitude of errors in either bearing or range. Furthermore, these factors all interact to produce a complicated relation between the magnitude of the error and the time delay. (Author)


The minimization of K-L information is used in the hypothesis testing,the convergent problems for the error probabilities of likelihood ratio are deleply discussed.It is proved that,for the error probabilities of likelihood ratio is power series convergent under the minimization of K-L information.


When an electrode configuration passes through the strike of dipping interface (e.g. fault) there is a shift in the curve of apparent resistivity. Zohdy (1969) gave an idea of graphical interpretation for such a case. This interpretation will be more analysed and will be applied in apparent resistivity curves of some soundings made in the delta of Sperchios river with Schlumberger configuration.


The selective frequency damping method was applied to a 90-degree bent flow. The method was used in an adaptive formulation. The most dangerous frequency was determined by solving an eigenvalue problem. It was found that one of the patterns, steady-state or pulsating, may exist at some relatively high Reynolds numbers. The periodic flow occurs due to the instability of the steady-state flow. This numerical method is easy to use but requires a great deal of time for calculations.


The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and more particularly relates to a microwave dielectric ceramic with an intermediate dielectric constant and a high Q value and a preparation method thereof. The expression formula of the microwave dielectric ceramic with the intermediate dielectric constant and the high Q value is as follows: xCaasr1-aTiO3-(1-x)SmbY(1-b)AlO3+y wt% of BO, wherein BO is one or mixture of more of MnO2, WO3, CeO2, Nb2O5, TiO2, Fe2O3 and Ta2O3; x is more than or equal to 0.6 and is less than or equal to 0.8, a is more than or equal to 0.01 and is less than or equal to 0.2, b is more than or equal to 0.4 and less than or equal to 1, and y is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to 3. The microwave dielectric ceramic provided by the invention has the characteristics of intermediate dielectric constant, high Q value, adjustable temperature coefficient of resonance frequency and the like; the dielectric constant is 42-50 and the Qf value is 30000-40000 GHz; the serialization of the temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency can be realized and Tf is more than or equal to -10 and is less than or equal to +10 ppm, so that the microwave dielectric ceramic provided by the invention can be used for manufacturing microwave frequency devices with high powder and high stability, including a filter, a duplexer, a combiner and the like. Therefore, the microwave dielectric ceramic with the intermediate dielectric constant and the high Q value and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, have a great application value in industry.


This paper proposes a novel vehicle movement scheduling heuristic for transportation networks with controlled access and limited infrastructure resources at each node and edge. The scheduling problem is known to be computationally NP-hard, making exact solutions difficult to compute. Several prior studies have described and analysed a class of approximate scheduling methods known as travel advance heuristics (TAH), where vehicles are moved forward on their planned routes one node at a time. One move implies allotting the vehicle a resource at the current node and the subsequent edge for a fixed period of time. The order in which such moves are made is important for avoiding deadlock (ensuring that the desired move is feasible) as well as for ensuring good schedule quality (small travel times). In this paper, a version of TAH designated as critical-first (TAH-CF) is shown to be provably deadlock-free under certain conditions on the initial state of the network. This guarantee is provided without requiring any future move exploration as mandated by previously published methods. In addition to deadlock avoidance, TAH-CF is also shown to compute schedules with smaller travel times than those produced by a fixed priority version (TAH-FP). Two large, realistic test cases in the railway domain demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.


Abstract:Murata Sayaka's award-winning novel Convenience Store Woman (Konbini ningen, 2016) tells the story of a protagonist who struggles to find her place in society. When she starts working at a convenience store, she finds a space that allows her to be an integrated part of society for the first time in her life. This article explores how Murata uses her story to analyze and criticize contemporary Japanese society. Discussing how the author addresses gender constructions, social conventions, and the meaning of work and the workplace, as well as the position of the individual within society, this article examines how the convenience store is constructed as an agent of socialization and a "holy space" that allows for the genesis of a new species, the "convenience store people" (konbini ningen).


The boundedness and compactness of the extended Cesaro operator
from logarithmic-type spaces to Bloch-type spaces on the unit ball are
completely characterized in this paper.


An analysis of the in‐plane acceleration sensitivity of ST‐cut quartz surface‐wave resonators with the substrate extending beyond interior rectangular supports is performed. In the treatment the variational principle with all natural conditions is extended in such a way as to permit interior surfaces of discontinuity with spring supports at which the approximating solution functions need not satisfy the constraint‐type conditions. This extension is required for the approximation procedure used in the calculation of the biasing state. The resulting extensional biasing state is employed in an existing perturbation integral along with the proper continuous representation of the acoustic‐surface‐wave mode shape to calculate the in‐plane acceleration sensitivity. The calculated results indicate how to select the distances between the supports so as to minimize the in‐plane acceleration sensitivity for a given surface‐wave resonator.


Purpose. Staple hemorrhoidopexy, also known as PPH, initially advocated by Longo, is becoming a procedure of choice for the hemorrhoids. The procedure has less postoperative pain and hastens early returning to work. If adhering to the standard Longo technique and in our experience, it is insufficient sometimes to eradicate prominent external piles and skin tags and leaves patients the impression of persistence of their hemorrhoid s. We describe a modified technique to actually excise the hemorrhoids Material and Methods. Including 30 patients underwent modified Longo procedures and 30 patients underwent circumferential hemorrhoidectomy. The admission days and postoperative complications were collected including dysuria, pain, delayed bleeding, and perianal swelling or thrombosis. Results. The patients underwent circumferential hemorrhoidectomy had better cosmesis with less hemorrhoids and skin tags, but the patients underwent modified Longo procedures had less postoperative pain and acceptable postoperative result. Conclusion. This modified technique offers a straightforward and effective way of dealing with the problem in selective patients and further study is required. [J Soc Colon Rectal Surgeon (Taiwan) 2007;18:46-52]


In this paper, an antenna sensor for a radio-wave-type endoscope to detect a blood vessel in fatty tissue is proposed. The antenna sensor consists of one transmitting antenna and two receiving antennas. As the antenna element, microstrip antennas are used. The relationships between the antenna arrangement and the magnitude of the reflected wave from the blood vessel are discussed using a 2.5-times scale simulation model. In the simulation, it is confirmed that the blood vessel of 10 mm diameter can be detected at a distance of 10 mm from the top surface of the fatty tissue in the 2.5-times scale model using the proposed antenna sensor.


This paper proposes a weighted feature reduction method based on Fisher' discriminant ratio(FDR) for a time-shift invariant feature,power spectrum,in radar automatic target recognition using the high-resolution range profile(HRRP).The proposed weighted feature reduction method uses the FDR vector of the target power spectrum to iteratively search for an optimal weight vector,and reduce feature dimensionality according to the optimal weight vector.Compared with using the raw power spectrum feature and some existing feature reduction methods based on Fisher's linear discriminant,the proposed weighted feature reduction method can not only reduce the feature dimensionality,but also improve the recognition performance with low computation complexity.In the recognition experiments based on measured data,the proposed method is robust to different test data and achieves good recognition results.


(57) Abstract: neighboring cell data transmitted in the broadcast control channel of the satellite mobile telephone system is divided into two parts. One part includes a relatively less change, cell (301, ..., 307) served by the same satellite (3a), and a cell serviced by the satellite in the same orbit. The other part includes a relatively rapidly changing, the cell (401, ..., 407) served by satellite (3b) of the other in the trajectory.


OBJECTIVE
To study the genetic stability of expression plasmid vector pMG36e in Escherichia coli JM109 and Lactococcus lactis MG1363/36e and observe the effect of erythomycin for its stability.

METHODS
We used classical method to determine the genetic stable rates of pMG36e in E. coli JM109 and Lactococcus lactis MG1363/36e with or without erythomycin selective pressure.

RESULTS
When E. coli JM109 were continuously incubated to 120 generations, its pMG36e genetic stable rates were 100% and 96% respectively with or without erythomycin selective pressure. When Lactococcus lactis MG1363/36e were continuously incubated to 100 generations, its pMG36e genetic stable rates were the same 98%, with or without erythomycin selective pressure.

CONCLUSION
pMG36e had good genetic stability in this two hosts. Erythromycin selective pressure had no significant effect for the genetic stability of pMG36e.


Electrolessly plated over pad metallization (OPM) was evaluated for high temperature gold wire bonding applications. Bonding strength, measured by wire bond bump shear test, of 4N gold wire on electroless OPMs, such as electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG), electroless nickel/electroless palladium (ENEP), and electroless nickel/electroless palladium/immersion gold (ENEPIG), was carefully evaluated before and after wire bond was subjected to various environmental stresses. Failure modes, besides bonding strength, were particularly examined for overall bonding quality assessment and OPM screening. Authors' intensive work found that ENEPIG OPM had the highest bonding strength and consistent failure mode over the other two OPM options: ENIG and ENEP. Even after 3000 hours of 175 °C high temperature storage life test, there is no sign of bonding strength degradation.


Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role in underwater environment communication. There is a strong need to enhance the performance of MAC protocols in Underwater Sensor Networks (UWSNs) especially improving the adequacy of ALOHA Protocols. In this paper, a Slotted-Buffering-ALOHA protocol is proposed. This protocol is based on three components: buffering, slot time, and Carrier Sense (CS). The simulation results demonstrated a superior execution of this protocol in the throughput rate, the energy consumption, and the average delay in comparison with the three protocols: slotted ALOHA, Slotted-CS ALOHA, and ST-Slotted-CS-ALOHA protocols.


The substitutional sulfur at the selen site in wurtzite CdSe is identified by a combination of infrared absorption spectroscopy and first principles calculations. The dominant S32 isotope gives rise to two local vibrational modes at 270.6 and 271.4 cm−1 (10 K) assigned to the nondegenerate A1 and the twofold degenerate E representations of the C3v point group. The corresponding signals of the S34 isotope occur at 263.6 and 264.4 cm−1. The results of measurements performed on a set of samples supplied by different manufacturers highlight that sulfur is an ubiquitous impurity in CdSe unintentionally incorporated into the crystals during the process of growth.


The paper represents a critical analysis of interrelated processes: transformation of the user's role as direct subject of communication and fragmentation of the environment of interaction. The choice of the topic is conditioned by (1) the emergence of national network segments, which has recently been quite actively discussed in the context of blocking sites and VPN services as a measure for the protection of information security, and (2) users switching from the consumption of large media to isolated communities and platforms. The latter is associated, in addition to the loss of trust in major media, with deeper changes in the nature of information consumption and a change in the user's role: the network becomes a space of dialogue, where the very fact and quality of its continuation depends on the user's choice and his interpretation. According to the results of the study, it is shown that, firstly, due to the heterogeneity of the network in different segments and in different contexts, users may select messages untypical for other segments; secondly, interactive discourse predetermines the users' choice from the array of information of those messages that seem «close» to users on the basis of their personal experience, psycho-emotional state, socio-cultural characteristics. The changes that a unit of information undergoes in a certain environment are determined by the characteristics of the environment, including sociocultural ones – they fill messages with symbolic content and determine their viability / potential to further dissemination in media space.


10 DOI: 10.37398/JSR.2021.650602 Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) film was synthesized by electrochemical method using sulfuric acid (H2So4) as a doping agent and ferric chloride (FeCl3) as oxidants. Synthesized film was immobilized by enzyme, like Acetylcholinestrase (AChE) for cross linking detection of paraoxon. Thin film was characterized by X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (E-DAX) and result was analyzed. FTIR spectra recognize the existence of polarons and bipolarons within polymer film. UV spectra shows the absorption peaks due to π-π* transition of polyaniline and band gap energy. The enzyme inhibited film is used for amperiometric measurement of paraoxon solution in concentration range between 0.1μM to 0.9 μM and detection limit was found to be 0.1μM under optimal experimental conditions (phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.0 and temperature 25 0C). Biosensor shows good storage stability and retained 50% of its initial activity within 36 days at 4 0C.


This study describes the effect of a significant improvement in public health '96 the change from pail closets to flushable water closets '96 in a large city in relation to warm or hot weather. Prior to 1916, most houses in Nottingham had pail closets for the removal of human waste. The paper shows that, during the period 1905 to 1916, there was a significant correlation between high summer temperatures and infant deaths from diarrhoea. After 1919, when flush water closets were installed in almost all homes, there was no such correlation. The paper also discusses the use of a modified form of degree‐days as a tool in investigations of this kind.


1. A system for detecting and / or monitoring stages of sleep in infants, said system comprising detection means operable to detect and record the at least one signal associated with the behavior of sucking mouth and placing means arranged to place said means for detecting a position of the baby in the mouth, and wherein said detecting means is at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of the following: - pressure sensor, - an accelerometer, - Motion sensor eniya - muscle activity sensor, - a distance sensor, - an ultrasonic sensor and / or- optical datchik.2. The system of claim. 1 in which the analysis means is arranged to determine from the recorded data, said mladentsa.3 sleep stage. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said placement means comprises a nipple (30, 40) .4. System according to any of para. 1 or 2, wherein said system further comprises means for storing dannyh.5. The system of claim. 3, wherein said system further comprises means for storing dannyh.6. The system according to claim. 1 or 2, wherein said system further comprises means (33, 43) specified sna.7 steps. The system of claim. 3, wherein said system further comprises means (33, 43) specified sna.8 steps. The system of claim. 4, wherein said system further comprises means (33, 43) specified sna.9 steps. The system according to claim. 1 or 2, wherein said system further comprises means adapted to detect that whether or not the device is in position in rtu.10. The system of claim. 3, wherein upomyan


In the last autumn shoot mature period, the index of shoot length and diameter, the number of compound leaf, leaf length and width, internode length, leaf dry weight and fresh weight, leaf colour were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the last autumn shoot length and diameter, the number of compound leaf, leaf width of weak tree vigour was significantly lower than those of plant with strong tree vigour, which indicated that these index had very close relation tree vigour. All index were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software and the tree vigour prediction model was constructed, Y(theoretical tree vigour)=-0.148-0.106X(the value of C)+0.755X(the value of shoot diameter). The model was tested, accuracy rate reached 69.9%.


In this paper, a DSP-based power conditioner system's controller for fuel cell power plant is studied. The power conditioner system is important for the power plant to run reliably, efficiently and high quality. The power conditioner system is consisted of inverter circuit and digital control system mainly. Here, the hardware and soft of the digital control system is studied in the paper. The waveform control technic for inverter is studied based on the designed DSP embeded controlling system. It is testified by the experiment's results that the DSP embeded controlling system designed in the paper satisfies the functions requires of the power conditioner system. Moreover, the digital controlling system is reliably and has well output waveform.


Synthetic crude oil can be produced from bitumen contained in oil sands such as those located in Alberta, Canada. The most recent plant to come on stream, that of Syncrude Canada Ltd., mines the oil sand by open pit methods, recovers the bitumen using the hot water flotation process, and produces synthetic crude from bitumen by coking and hydrotreating. The product is competitive in price with imported conventional crude at today's world prices. The lead time and investment required to put a plant on stream are substantial. Nevertheless, synthetic crude from oil sands has the potential to fill a significant portion of Canada's liquid fuel requirements.


A MOSFET frequency divider with injection locking at both of main-gate and back-gate was investigated. In order to have an effective injection-locking at the main-gate and back-gate simultaneously, the quadruple signal and the second harmonic one are separately applied on these two gate-nodes. The resulted frequency locking range is intensified significantly by this way. The measured range is from 18.8 GHz to 24.4 GHz (26.3%) with 0 dBm injection signal and the output power reaches -1.84 dBm with 2 V tuning voltage. The power consumption of the core circuitry only takes 4.42 mW from a 1.2 V power supply. Another discussion of this paper is the injection-power dependence of the phase noise difference between locked signal and injection one.


From 2001 up to 2007, SILENCE(R) has focused on the development of aircraft noise reduction technologies. As an European Union project coordinated by Snecma, SILENCE(R) brought together some 50 companies (including Airbus, Rolls‐Royce, MTU Aero Engines and Snecma), research centers and universities. The overall budget was 112 million euros. Combined with innovative low‐noise operational procedures studied at the same time, SILENCE(R) has achieved an impressive 5 dB noise reduction. This meets the medium‐term objective of the European Commission's R&D Framework Programs, and marks a significant advance towards ACARE's research goal of a 10 dB reduction in aircraft noise by 2020. SILENCE(R) carried out successful tests of more than 35 prototypes to check 10 noise reduction technology concepts. These included several advanced low noise fan rotors, as well as components for a complete low‐noise nacelle (negatively scarfed intake, "squid" nozzle fitted with high frequency liner), flight tested on an Airbus A32...


A new method of tantalum capacitor testing and reliability prediction is presented based on the analysis of polarization mechanisms and noise characteristics. Polarization mechanisms of the Ta 2 O 5 dielectric layer include electron polarization, fast ion polarization and ion relaxation polarization. Impurities usually add a fourth polarization type, migration polarization, which is effective in the mHz-kHz frequency region.


Points out that identifying appropriate market segmentation bases has been a recurrent problem in marketing. Compares the predictive power of income and attitude towards cultural change in the context of luxury goods. The results show that those two indicators are rather independent from each other and contribute almost equally to explaining luxury goods consumption.


Objective: To determine the satisfaction level of neurosurgery outpatients of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas (INCN), Lima, from October to November 2016. Materials and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in 314 patients. The study used the SERVQUAL survey to calculate the mean differential score, as well as the ANCOVA analysis and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: Overall satisfaction accounted for 19.4 % (61) and overall dissatisfaction, 80.6 % (253), which included both mild and moderate dissatisfaction. Fifty-five point one percent (55.1 %) (173) of middle-aged adults expressed overall dissatisfaction. The mean differential score for all the dimensions reached 0.77 (reliability 0.91, responsiveness 0.85, safety 0.44, empathy 1.03 and tangible aspects 0.52). Middle-aged adults presented dissatisfaction in all dimensions: tangibility 36.6 % (115), reliability 13.3 % (42), responsiveness 46.8 % (147), safety 14.9 % (47) and empathy 55.1 % (173). A statistically significant low positive correlation was observed between patients' education level and satisfaction with appointment scheduling (r = 0.185), patients' education level and respect for privacy (r = 0.196), and type of patient and fast radiological examination service (r = 0.184). A statistically significant low negative correlation was observed between patients' education level and satisfaction with regard to understanding the neurosurgeon's explanations of the treatment (r = -0.212), adequacy of posters and signs for orientation (r = -0.233), availability of equipment and materials needed for healthcare (r = -0.175), and cleanliness and comfort of the waiting room (r = -0.175). Conclusions: Four (4) out of five (5) patients expressed dissatisfaction. A direct correlation was observed between patients' education level and satisfaction with appointment scheduling and respect for privacy. Patients' origin was associated with understanding the neurosurgeon's explanations of the treatment.


SUMMARY. Although gatifloxacin has been clinically used for some years, data from pre-clinical studies are rare in the literature. The objective of this work was to determine the pharmacokinetics plasma parameters of gatifloxacin in rats after intravenous (6 mg/kg) and oral (12 mg/kg) administration. The experimental data were adequately fitted to a two-compartment model after intravenous and a one compartment model with first order absorption after oral dosing. The total clearance (0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.3 L/h/kg), the terminal half-life (3.3 ± 0.8 and 3.7 ± 0.3 h) and the apparent volume of distribution (2.8 ± 0.4 and 3.1 ± 1.0 L/kg) were statistically similar after i.v. and oral administration, by both model independent and compartmental approaches. The area under the curve was reduced after oral dosing (4.1 ± 1.6 μg·h/mL) in comparison to i.v. dosing (6.6 ± 1.3 μg·h/mL) leading to an oral bioavailability of 31%. The absorption was fast, with a constant rate of 5.0 ± 1.8 h–1. The results evidenced the linear pharmacokinetics of gatifloxacin in rodents in the dose range of 6 to12 mg/kg.


Using the electromigration method in free electrolyte solution for characterisation of the polyiodide equilibrium the influence of isotope exchange on the electromigration behaviour was studied. A special electromigration equation was derived. Based on a theoretical statement electromigration experimental errors were calculated which are in good agreement with the observed errors.


A hybridot assay using a radiolabelled JC virus probe has been used to detect the presence of JCV DNA in brain biopsy and postmortem brain samples from patients with neurological disease and possible progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Sixty‐nine brain samples from 45 patients were examined. Eleven samples from eight patients had detectable JCV DNA sequences. In seven of the eight patients this result was confirmed by electron microscopy and/or virus isolation or immunofluorescence.


Laboratory direct shear test results for natural bedding and sawcut defects have been statistically analysed in shales and banded iron formation materials across BHP Western Australian Iron Ore deposits (BHP WAIO) to prove the hypothesis of similarity of shear strength of defects.
The following paper provides typical Hencher corrected friction angles based on statistical methods to group data sharing similar characteristics. This paper justifies the existence of similar populations of shear strength of defects based on rigorous statistical analysis of valid direct shear test samples collected from multiple projects of the Pilbara. Spatial distribution bias effects and normality tests have been checked. Surface 'geotechnical' weathering grades do not explain the reduction of the shear strength of defects in shales. The use of base of completed oxidation and spectral signatures have provided a better explanation for the variability observed on the shear strength of defects. Where weathered shale samples from the Brockman column have greater frictional strength than fresh samples, a paradoxical phenomenon that can be attributed to chemical alteration generating additional textural roughness.


This study has been done by aim of identifying and practical explanation of Emotional quotient impact on TARAS and group companies. Variables in Figure 5 were tested as the hypothesis to test the research hypothesis, 192 of the staffs of these companies Selected as the sample stratified randomization and data were collected by questionnaire. Then, Relationship of each component with organizational commitment were investigated and analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (Pearson correlation exam and regression test). The research results indicated that there is a positive and significance correlation between emotional quotient and organizational commitment with the correlation coefficient of r= 0.76 in level of α= 0.05, also regression test showed that, the emotional quotient is able to explain the 58% of observed changes the variable of organizational commitment.


It is shown that suction nonuniformities may induce a new instability of the Blasius boundary layer that results in the generation of streamwise vortices. Addition of a uniform suction is not effective in controlling this instability. It is shown that nonuniformities of surface blowing may induce a similar instability and that the characteristics of this instability are also little affected by the magnitude of the blowing. Finally, it is shown that suction nonuniformities appear to have a minimal effect on the traveling (Tollmien–Schlichting) wave instability.


This paper describes the use of modular robots as the next generation search and rescue robots for humanitarian logistics and developed an immunity-based control framework called General Suppression Control Framework (GSCF) for controlling these robots. The application of GSCF on heterogeneous-distributed robotics systems is studied where the behaviors of the search and rescue agents are mirror images of the immunological cell behaviors when the immune system is under attack. While the goal of these agents are to perform rescue tasks, the motivation behind the study was to show GSCF can work equally well on heterogeneous-distributed systems.


EFFECT OF ISLAM'S ROLE IN STATE NATIONALISM ON THE ISLAMIZATION OF GOVERNMENT: CASE STUDIES OF TURKEY AND PAKISTAN Raja M. Ali Saleem, PhD George Mason University, 2015 Dissertation Director: Professor Jack A. Goldstone Why are governments Islamizing in many Muslim-majority countries? Scholars have linked this phenomenon to the authoritarian regimes' lack of legitimacy or the presence of powerful disruptive Islamist movements. These explanations, however, fail to explain the phenomenon. This dissertation, using comparative historical analysis of Turkey and Pakistan, argues that Islam's role in state nationalism is the primary reason for the Islamization of government. The indicators used to measure Islam's role in state nationalism are constitutional provisions, national symbols, and banknote imagery while Islamization of government is estimated by focusing on religious education, religious basis of family law, and the ministry of religious affairs' presence and functions.


Background: The ultimate objective in the management of tibial plateau fracture is to ensure anatomic reduction, restore the axial alignment and maintain a stable fixation such a way to prevent the secondary displacement of fracture fragment. The various type of managing the tibial plateau fractures apart from conservative management are open reduction and internal fixation, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation and hybrid type of external fixation. Aim: To evaluate the functional outcome of osteosynthesis of tibial plateau fractures using different surgical techniques after a minimum period of 6 months by using Rasmussen scoring system. Methodology: All patients with proximal tibial fracture in the age group between 20 and 60 years were included as our study subjects. A total of 38 patients were taken as our study subjects. The tibial fractures were classified based on schatzker type of fracture classification. Fracture reduction was done under C-arm guidance by closed methods using ligamentotaxis. After confirming the reduction under C-arm guidance fixation of the fracture was done with locking plate. Functional outcome assessment of knee joint was done after six months post-operatively by using Rasmuseen score, which includes pain perception, walking capacity, extension at knee joint, range of movements and stability.Results: Majority of the patients who had undergone closed reduction with cancellous screw procedure or open reduction and internal fixation with buttress plate and bone graft had the functional outcome between excellent and good whereas patients who had underwent dual plating had a fair to poor outcome and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Pain and knee stiffness were reported in very few patients at the end of 6 months.Conclusion: In the management of tibial plateau fractures, open reduction with internal fixation using plate screws with lesser soft tissue dissection would lead to excellent functional outcome.


The present invention includes, but is not limited to, polypeptides having aldolase activity including pyruvate activity such as HMG and / KHG aldolase activity, polynucleotides encoding these polypeptides, and polynucleotides and poly It relates to methods for producing and using peptides. In some forms, the invention provides polypeptides having aldolase activity, including but not limited to thermostability and thermotolerance, including pyruvate activity such as HMG and / or KHG aldolase activity, and It is directed to the polynucleotides encoding these enzymes and the production and use of these polynucleotides and polypeptides. The polypeptides according to the invention can be used in various pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial contexts. In some forms, the present invention relates to R-2-hydroxy 2- (indol-3-ylmethyl) -4-ketoglutaric acid (R-MP), and R, R monatin and S, R monatin, and salts thereof. Provided are polypeptides and biosynthetic pathways that are useful in the production of certain stereoisomers of such monatin, and certain stereoisomers of monatin derivatives, such as the R3R and S5R configurations, and salts thereof.


The lack of success of several government schemes and laws devised to uplift Indigenous Australian communities, which resulted from a lack of understanding of Aboriginal traditions and needs by non-Indigenous based Australian governments, is reported. The need for Indigenous communities to work towards complete self-determination in designing and implementing policies for an appropriate, enhanced future is emphasised.


In order to improve the environmental protection ability of stony desertification zone,we change the type of karst zone land use by construction of National geopark and adjust district industrial structure.Mainly we can improve the environmental protection ability in 3 ways:(1)Based on brand expand,give out the common idea of constructing the Industrial Chain in national geopark,to change the Industrial structure to reduce the environment pressure;(2)Promote area development and improve area economy to get enough finance to develop environment protection by using national geopark tourism;(3)Inspire the public consciousness of environmental protection by geopark propagate and teaching.


The mechanics of frying are fairly simple. Hot oil serves as a heat exchange medium in which heat is transferred to the food being fried. As a result, the heat converts water within the food to steam and melts the fat within the food. The steam and fat then migrate from the interior of the food through the exterior and into the oil. Conversely, some of the frying oil is absorbed into the food being fried. The chemistry occurring in the frying oil and in the food being fried includes a myriad of thermal and oxidative reactions involving lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and minor food constituents. Decomposition products by autoxidation above 100°C, polimerization without oxigen between 200-300°C and thermal oxidation at 200°C, can be produced in frying oil and their amounts are related to different chemical and physical parameters such as temperature, heating time, type of oil used and food being fried, oil turnover rate, management of the oil and finally type of equipment used. Different studies have remarked as the toxicity of these by-products, is due to their chemistry and concentration. Since the prime requirement in food quality is the safety of the products, attainable through preventive analysis of the risks and total control through all frying processes, in this work the critical points of particular importance are identify and showed: Oil composition, and in particular its antioxidant capacity. Proper fryer design. Food/oil ratio. Good manufactured practice. Beside the quality screening has to be direct towards the chemical quality evaluation by easy and rapid analysis of oil (colour, polar compounds, free fatty acids and antioxidant capacity) and food fried (panel test and/or consumer test). Conclusion, to maintain high quality in the frying medium, choose efficient equipment, select a fat with desirable flavour and good antioxidant capacity, eliminate crackling as soon and often as possible, choose better components with minimal but desirable browning tendencies, and monitor the quality of the fat being used.


This paper analysis the role of family control on financial performance of family business by using the key financial data of family businesses of 16 firm registred to Gebze Chamber of Commerce. In this paper, financial performance of a family business is measured by using Return on Assets, Return on Sales and Total Debt/Total Assets ratios. The family member CEO is more successful as far as ROA ratios concerned, but is less successful as far as TD/TA ratios concerned, in comparison to non family member CEO. In other words, the non family member CEO is more successful as far as TD/TA ratios concerned, but is less successful as far as ROA ratios concerned, in comparison to family member CEO. Additionally, as far as ROS ratios concerned, there is no significant difference between family member CEO and non family member CEO. Overall, the results are consistent with the hypotheses that there is difference between ROA of family member CEO and non family member CEO, and there is difference between TD/TA of family member CEO and non family member CEO.


Vehicles' weaving behaviors have great influence on capacity of urban road sections.In some cases,by reducing weaving behaviors,lane function replacement can greatly improve vehicle's running condition and increase road sections' capacity.Based on the research achievements about expressway's weaving areas home and abroad,and using micro-simulation tool VISSIM,this research analyzed vehicles' weaving behaviors on urban road and obtained the adaptability of lane function replacement at approach of urban road intersection.


Objective To study the effects of plateau environment on sleep status of military officers and soldiers after entering the plateau for training in emergency. Methods Sleeping status of seventy-two military officers and soldiers were collected by self reporting,and the indicators of apnea,low ventilation,limited airflow,snoring,blood oxygen saturation,electrocardiogram,heart rate and the spontaneous awakening were monitored by HYPNO PTT. Results There was significant difference between plain and plateau in the lowest oxygen saturation,index of 3% oxygen saturation decreasing,index of breathing events and index of spontaneous microarousal( P 0. 05). Among these monitoring results,the change in 3% oxygen saturation decreasing was most significant. Conclusions Plateau environment have impacts on the sleep quality of military officers and soldiers after entering plateau for training in emergency.


Whenever I go on vacation, I always go to the lobby shop of the hotel I am staying in to look for a postcard to send home to a friend. Although sending postcards is not as popular as it used to be, it has grown into a tradition for my family and me. Since I really did not know much about postcards, I decided to do some research so I could become more familiar with how postcards came to be and how they differ from similar genres.


The defect of traditional round wood peeling machine and the basic reason of uneven thickness of non-center peeling were analyzed. The principle of round wood non-center peeling was introduced. The control system of round wood non-center peeling, which uses chip microprocessor to promote the precision of peeling machine and adjusting peeling thickness, was put forward. The design of hardware and software of this system was introduced in detail. The system has been proved to be reliable by running in round wood non-center peeling machine, and its thickness precision was ±0.075 mm.


In this paper,the theories and methods of energy analysis established by H.T.Odum are used to evaluate the energy flow and economic value of Shifosi constructed wetland.And the structure and function of Shifosi constructed wetland ecosystem is analyzed as a whole.Results show that the benefits of renewable resources(including the sun,wind and rain) and ecosystem service functions are significant.The energy values are 1.28×1020 sej,2.27×1019 sej,the emdollar values are 5.2×108 $,9.32×107 $.Emergy analysis results show that the rational development and utilization of the Shifosi constructed wetland resources should be protected and restored.In the context,we can strive for the sustainable of the protection of economic and ecological environment.At the same time,it is should be protect ecological system balance to develop sustainable into a better way.


The electric current of CP station increased suddenly, the CP systems could not operate normally. The paper analyzed the reason, the theory, and introduced the method of inspecting fault, provided the advice at last.


Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a rare but very serious and often deadly complication. Despite that, data are scarce and limited. Here, we report a case of a patient who developed PVE three months following TAVR and review the literature.


A variable-coefficient unstable nonlinear Schrodinger model is hereby investigated, which arises in such applications as the electron-beam plasma waves and Rayleigh–Taylor instability in nonuniform plasmas. With computerized symbolic computation, families of exact analytic dark- and bright-soliton-like solutions are found, of which some previously published solutions turn out to be the special cases. Similarity solutions also come out, which are expressible in terms of the elliptic functions and the second Painleve transcendent. Some observable effects caused by the variable coefficient are predicted, which may be detected in the future with the relevant space or laboratory plasma experiments with nonuniform background existing.


University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. August 2011. Major: Soil science. Advisor: Peter Snyder. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 109 pages.


The influence of catchment characteristics on the form and concentration of nitrogen (N) in upland rivers is currently being assessed. Since April 1997, river water from 61 catchments located throughout the uplands of Britain have been regularly sampled and analysed for total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate (NO 3 -N), ammonium (NH 4 -N) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Concentrations of TDN were small, generally less than 1.2 mg l -1 , and varied significantly among upland regions. The relative contribution of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N and DON to mean TDN also varied among regions. The proportion of NO 3 -N ranged from 25% to 84%, while the proportion of DON ranged from 14% to 69%. Ammonium contributed less than 7% to TDN in each region. Results show that DON can contribute significantly to TDN. Thus, assessment of anthropogenic impacts on TDN losses from upland ecosystems need to consider not only the dissolved inorganic species but also DON.


The invention provides a method for detecting the corrosion of a component with a permeability magnetic material protective layer. The method comprises the following steps: the permeability magnetic mThe invention provides a method for detecting the corrosion of a component with a permeability magnetic material protective layer. The method comprises the following steps: the permeability magnetic material protective layer is magnetized to be saturated or deeply saturated, a reference area and a area to be detected are selected on the surface of a detected component, pulsed eddy current sensorsaterial protective layer is magnetized to be saturated or deeply saturated, a reference area and a area to be detected are selected on the surface of a detected component, pulsed eddy current sensorsare arranged on the protective layers of the two areas, the square-wave exciting is applied to exciting coils of the pulsed eddy current sensors, the attenuation curve of the induced voltage in the deare arranged on the protective layers of the two areas, the square-wave exciting is applied to exciting coils of the pulsed eddy current sensors, the attenuation curve of the induced voltage in the detecting coils of pulsed eddy current sensors is measured after the level of square waves is reduced to the low level, and the difference between the attenuation curves of the induced voltage in the twtecting coils of pulsed eddy current sensors is measured after the level of square waves is reduced to the low level, and the difference between the attenuation curves of the induced voltage in the two areas is compared, thus the corrosion condition of the area to be detected relative to the reference area can be further distinguished. The invention also provides a device for realizing the method,o areas is compared, thus the corrosion condition of the area to be detected relative to the reference area can be further distinguished. The invention also provides a device for realizing the method,which comprises a pulsed eddy current sensor, a square-wave signal exciting circuit, a signal processing circuit, an A/D conversion circuit and a computer which are connected in sequence, wherein the which comprises a pulsed eddy current sensor, a square-wave signal exciting circuit, a signal processing circuit, an A/D conversion circuit and a computer which are connected in sequence, wherein thepulsed eddy current sensor is provided with a magnetization unit. The invention improves the sensitivity of corrosion detection of the component with the permeability magnetic material protective lay pulsed eddy current sensor is provided with a magnetization unit. The invention improves the sensitivity of corrosion detection of the component with the permeability magnetic material protective layer and is suitable for detecting the corrosion of the component on-line without dismounting the protective layer and the cladding layer.er and is suitable for detecting the corrosion of the component on-line without dismounting the protective layer and the cladding layer.


Faced with the constantly rising housing price for quite a few years, the Chinese government has made macro-control in real estate industry. In this situation, real estate enterprises become commonly faced with severe financial constraint. Compared with large real estate enterprises, the small ones are easier to take the risk of cash-flow interruption, credit deterioration, and even bankrupt. As for this, in order to avoid the emerge of mass-bankruptcy of small real estate enterprises, it is an important way to deeply analyze factors affecting the Credit Level of Small Real Estate Enterprises so as to take measure to increase their credit. This paper tries to fully explore factors affecting the general Credit Level of Small Real Estate Enterprises from four perspectives: enterprise characteristics, shareholder characteristics, contract characteristics, and finance characteristics. Results show that small real estate enterprises' sales scale, the ratio between net cash flow and debt, and growth rate of total assets have positive effect on their credit level, while the ratio between Asset-liability Ratio and the major shareholders' holding has negative effect on it. This demonstrates two aspects: On the one hand, small real estate enterprises' credit level can be obviously improved by expanding the running scale and by increasing the debt-paying ability and ability of developing. On the other hand, the decrease of the ratio between Asset-liability Ratio and the major shareholders' holding can indirectly improve the credit level of small real estate enterprises.


Dr. Whang-Kyung Koh a.k.a. Bahrom was brought up in a Christian family. She has wielded considerable influence on the education and feminine sectors in Korea asan educator, a university chancellor, the head of a civic organization, and a female Christian leader. Although Bahrom majored in sociology and laws rather than physical education, she managed a university and prepared a physical education program. This program was regarded as unique and ahead of its time. The author believes that the program is considerably related to her educational thought and aims to determine the relationship between her educational thought and physical education program. The educational thought of Bahrom can be largely grouped into moral education, practical education, quality education, and lifelong education. Her physical education program was developed based on such educational thought and broken down into regular subjects, special subjects, and club activities. The regular and special subjects included cycling, skating, swimming, and judo. Students could not graduate unless they completed these subjects. Other physical education subjects such as golf, Western archery, volleyball, and softball were especially added and emphasized as regular optional subjects or club activity subject. Cycling, skating, swimming, and judo were all in the school subjects not only because they were intended to improve the health of students but also because they met Bahrom`s practical education thought of everyday practicality. Cycling was a means of transportation. On the other hand, ice sports and swimming were designed to enable students to adapt to nature and learn to practice safety. Likewise, judo was considered a means of self-defense. During Bahrom`s time, even athletes regarded golf as an extravagant and a luxury sport. Nonetheless, she selected the sport as a school subject because she wanted to differentiate her school from others and train her students to become promising female leaders. Bahrom`s moral education and quality education were reflected in a high-class sprot such as golf, which respects social fellowship and etiquette. Volleyball and softball were intended to help students adapt to society, i.e., socialization. Realizing oneself in a community was one of the goals of Bahrom`s moral education. Western archery was useful in mind control training: it could also be enjoyed by both normal and differently abled people. Bahrom`s educational thought and physical education program were very meaningful not only during her time but also today especially since it is not easy to create sense of balance and sympathy zone. For example, physical education programs(i.e., cycling) contribute to the preservation of the natural environment and the maintenance and development of health of modern people who are living in urban areas that have inappropriate surroundings and suffering from lack of physical exercises. Furthermore, saving the energy of society is essential. The author believes that considering how physical education programs should be operated and executed in the present and future societies requires investigating further and highlighting Bahrom`s educational thought and developing her physical education program.


At present,by various means,such as legislation,we have been protecting the female from gender discrimina-tion in employment realm for bearing,lactation problems.Actually,even under the protection of relevant laws,the female are still discriminated during their procreating and this situation is getting worse and worse.Bringing the conception of social gen-der into the maternity insurance administers would help to transform the springboard of establishing policies of maternity in-surance from basic conception,which can help to decrease the gender discrimination caused by bearing problems.


A single-event burnout (SEB)-hardened design based on a 600 V lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-silicon with an optimal trench drain (TD-LDMOS) is proposed in this article. By electro-thermal coupled simulations in a 2-D technology computer-aided design device simulator, the SEB triggering mechanisms are numerically studied. Simulation results show that regenerative feedback between the drain avalanche breakdown and the false opening of the source parasitic NPN leads to the secondary breakdown and thermal breakdown of the device. With the introduction of the trench drain (TD), the electric field at the drain can be reconstructed, and its peak value can be suppressed and shaped. Meanwhile, the path of the electron current is also changed, and the highest location of lattice temperature is transferred from the surface to the inside, further increasing the SEB triggering voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {SEB}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Under the condition that the linear energy transfer (LET) of 0.2 pC/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {SEB}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> can be increased from 197 V of conventional LDMOS to 288 V of TD-LDMOS with no effect on the threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the ON-resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. TD-LDMOS also has a much larger safe operating area (SOA) ratio than the conventional one at different LET values and angles of incidence, which makes the 600 V TD-LDMOS used in aerospace and aviation electronic systems become possible.


"English accounting practice has been developing for many years, but it has not made any substantial contribution to economic science over its own field of the analysis of the results of industry, although it has practically a monopoly grip of the required data. Accountants have the figures; other people cannot use them and if accountants will not, then we get nothing; economics continues its abstract declarations and business blunders on by individual instinct." This ringing challenge delivered by the late Lord Stamp more than twenty-five years ago has not been fully met by either the English or the American accounting profession. An assessment of progress to date and an analysis of the factors impeding accounting research are the purposes of this paper.


A number of objective ana subjective acoustical parameters, referring to the reverberance, and spatial distribution of sound and speech intelligibility, were measured before and after the acoustical adaptation of a classroom. Three con gurations of arrangements di ering in used materials' sound absorbing coe cient were analyzed. The results indicate the expected improvement of the acoustical environment according to design assumptions.


The first semipolar nitride laser diodes (LDs) have been realized on low extended defect density semipolar (1011) GaN bulk substrates. The LDs were grown by conventional metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Broad area lasers were fabricated and tested under pulsed conditions. Lasing was observed at a duty cycle of 0.025% with a threshold current density (Jth) of 18 kA/cm2. Stimulated emission was observed at 405.9 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.3 nm.


erepost changes the b or V matrix of the current estimation results or changes the declared estimation sample. erepost is similar to official ereturn repost. However, erepost is allowed after estimation commands that do not post their results using -ereturn post- (e.g. logit) and erepost can be used outside of eclass programs.


In recent years China's agricultural trade balance became deteriorating,from a small surplus in 1998 to a large deficit in 2010. It shows that China's agricultural trade has a significant decline in the international competition. Therefore,the inevitable fact that the decline decreases profits of agricultural exports companies,dampens the enthusiasm of agricultural production,and even threatens the safety of grain production. In order to improve the disadvantageous situation,it is very important task for us to identify the main factors impacting China's agricultural trade balance. This paper introduces the trade-weighted distance and the relative variables of bilateral trade into the standard trade balance model,and then develops a linear logarithmic panel model of agricultural trade balance on the base of the classic gravity model. Besides,heteroskedasticity,autocorrelation and endogenous are discussed to robust out model. Finally,according to the results,several relevant policy suggestions are put forward.


Decomposition analysis is a critical tool for understanding the social and spatial dimensions of inequality, segregation, and diversity. In this paper, I propose a new measure - the Divergence Index - to address the need for a decomposable measure of segregation. Although the Information Theory Index has been used to decompose segregation within and between communities, I argue that it measures relative diversity not segregation. I demonstrate the importance of this conceptual distinction with two empirical analyses: I decompose segregation and relative homogeneity in the Detroit metropolitan area, and I analyze the relationship between the indexes in the 100 largest U.S. cities. I show that it is problematic to interpret the Information Theory Index as a measure of segregation, especially when analyzing local-level results or any decomposition of overall results. Segregation and diversity are important aspects of residential differentiation, and it is critical that we study each concept as the structure and stratification of the U.S. population becomes more complex.


Blood pressure variability(BPV)is an index used to describe the fluctuation of blood pressure in a period of time,which exists independent from blood pressure level.A variety of factors involved in its pathophysiological regulation,while the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor reflex and autonomic nervous system regulations are particularly critical.Existing evidences indicate that long period of BPV is highly associated with target organ damage and bad prognosis in patients with hypertension.Based on the information available,it could be concluded that BPV is expected to be a new target for hypertension intervention and a prospective study on BPV with different antihypertensive agents is in urgent need,by which to evaluate the difference of available drugs influence on BPV and their possible mechanism.


1,5-Diaza- and 5-aza-1-oxa-pentadienium salts serve as excellent precursors for the preparation of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-diazepinium salts, including some that are not readily obtained by other methods. Sometimes imidazolinium rings are formed instead of or in addition to the desired product. The preparation of these precursors is discussed. The shape of diazapentadienium salts is considered, based on spectroscopic evidence. The formation of fourteen-membered rings from azaoxapentadienium salts is also mentioned.


Due to the frequency and temperature characteristics of the DC bank capacitor, the electrical and thermal stress of the capacitor are coupled. This paper proposes a digital twin modeling method that considered the electro-thermal coupling effect for the capacitive DC bank. Firstly, the physical models of the DC bank are summarized and the electro-thermal characteristic models have been built. With the physical and characteristic models, a six-part digital twin model has been constructed for the DC bank capacitors. An iterative process has been added in the model to reflect the electro-thermal coupling relationships. This process has been solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The accuracy of the proposed model has been verified by the finite element (FEM) simulation and experiment.


Mobile telephony is coming to play the lead role in the communications business. Different markets such as computer, audio and video are converging to the point that data and multimedia users are beginning to demand that these services are available on the move. For more than a decade, research has been going on to find enabling techniques to introduce multimedia capabilities into mobile communications. Research efforts have been aligned with efforts in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and other bodies to find standards and recommendations, which ensure that the mobile communications of the future have access to multimedia capabilities and service quality similar to the fixed network.


Now, UHF sensor technology is adopted in the domestic and international online monitoring system for GIS partial discharge, which is the low speed collection with statistical analysis method, and omits a plenty of discharge fault information. This monitoring system developed online monitoring software of GIS partial discharge based on LabWindows/CVI software development platform, and adopted 2 kinds of method of traditional statistical and the broadband of high frequency, and realized the discharge statistical analysis method and oneness discharge pulse waveform analysis method, and diagnosed the insulation condition of GIS disk insulator based on this data analysis result. This monitoring software has used the high-grade analysis package of MATLAB to realize the complex data analysis of wavelet and the quantitative analysis to discharge signal. Based on the database technology of ODBC, the monitoring system realized the mutual link of CVI and Oracle database, and adopted database to manage a plenty of historical data, and realized the network communication based on the software design of Datasocket agreement. The software eventually realizes the functions of data collection, analysis, preservation, advance warning, history inquiry and data print etc..


This paper addresses the control of spatially distributed processes over a network that imposes bandwidth constraints and communication delays. Optimal communication policies are derived for an estimator-based networked control system architecture to reduce the communication load. These policies arise as solutions of an average cost optimization problem, which is solved using dynamic programming. The optimal policies are shown to be deterministic.


By aiming at the deficient production design in traditional shipbuilding mode,combining the exploration of the production design in Jinglin shipyard,and innovating the design software and codes,a stage achievement in the production design deepening is obtained,the innovation on the design,production,management as well as the transformation on shipbuilding mode are promoted.


One of the characteristics of teaching chemistry through inquiry is that teachers need to encourage students to design their experimental procedures. Although the benefits of inquiry teaching are well documented in the literature, few teachers implement it in schools. The purpose of this study was to develop a guided-inquiry scale (GIS) to measure teachers' beliefs about implementing guided-inquiry labs in secondary schools. Construction of this guided-inquiry scale was based on a model with three dimensions: the value of guided-inquiry labs, limitations of cookbook-style labs, and implementation issues with guided-inquiry labs. Data were collected from 200 Hong Kong chemistry teachers. They responded to the GIS items using a seven-point Likert scale. The GIS data were of adequate reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a good fit exists between the hypothesized model and data. Both users and nonusers of guided-inquiry labs valued this kind of lab work and recognized the limitations of co...


PREMISE OF THE STUDY
Moss sporophytes differ strongly in size and biomass partitioning, potentially reflecting reproductive and dispersal strategies. Understanding how sporophyte traits are coordinated is essential for understanding moss functioning and evolution. This study aimed to answer: 1) how sporophyte size and proportions differ between moss species with and without prominent seta central strands, 2) how seta anatomical and morphological traits are related, and 3) how sporophyte biomass relates to gametophyte biomass and nutrient concentrations.

METHODS
We studied the relationships between seta anatomical and morphological traits, the biomass of seta, capsule, and gametophyte, and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations of 27 subtropical montane moss species.

KEY RESULTS
1) Moss species with prominent seta central strands had larger setae and heavier capsules than those without. 2) With increasing seta length, setae became thicker and more rounded for both groups, while in species with prominent central strands, the area ratio of transport-cell to epidermis decreased; 3) In both groups, mosses with greater gametophyte biomass tended to have heavier sporophytes, but gametophyte nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were unrelated to sporophyte traits.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study highlights that seta central strands may have an important functional role and affect the allometry of moss sporophytes. The coordinated variations in sporophyte morphological and anatomical traits follow basic biomechanical principles of cylinder-like structures and these traits relate only weakly to the gametophyte nutrient concentrations. Research on moss sporophyte functional traits and their relationships to gametophytes is still in its infancy but could provide important insights into their adaptation strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Chrysops atlanticus Pechuman females contained as much as 50% yolk in ovarian follicles one day after eclosion. Autogenous egg development was completed within 10 days of adult emergence. C. atlanticus also produced and deposited eggs in the laboratory following the ingestion of human blood, but neither the rate of follicular development nor fecundity significantly differed when data from autogenous and anautogenous cycles were compared. Of the 40 egg masses collected from S. alterniflora leaves, egg numbers averaged 167.6 and ranged 15-256; hatch rates averaged 78%. Sucrose supplements (10% solutions) enhanced the survival of females in the laboratory by an avg of 20 days but had no apparent affect on fecundity. No more than one follicular relic (= dilatation) could be found per ovariole in field-caught, host-seeking flies or in a blood-fed female that had oviposited in the laboratory; thus, the reliability of the Polovodova method for physiological age determination of this species is questionable.


This article discusses a topic of great importance to current Cuban education: students´ learning using Computer Networks. With the development of this theme we intend to deepen the knowledge, skills and values about the different activities proposed as part of the Informatics subject.