Big Cypress National Preserve constitutes approximately one-third of the range of the endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Because recreational hunting is allowed in Big Cypress National Preserve, we examined 8 response variables (activity rates, movement rates, predation success, home-range size, home-range shifts, proximity to off-road vehicle trails, use of areas with concentrated human activity, and habitat selection) to evaluate how Florida panthers respond to human activity associated with deer and hog hunting. Data consisted of panther radiolocations collected since 1981 by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the National Park Service, which we augmented with radiolocations and activity monitoring from 1994 to 1998. A split-plot (treatment and control) study design with repeated measures of the variables for each panther taken before, during, and after the hunting season was used. We did not detect responses to hunting for variables most directly related to panther energy intake or expenditure (i.e., activity rates, movement rates, predation success of females; P>0.10). However, panthers reduced their use of Bear Island (P = 0.021), an area of concentrated human activity, and were found farther from off-road vehicle trails (P ≤ 0.001) during the hunting season, which was indicative of a reaction to human disturbance. Whereas the reaction to human activity on off-road vehicle trails probably has minor biological implications and may be linked to prey behavior, the decreased use of Bear Island is most likely a direct reaction to human activity and resulted in increased use of adjacent private lands. Future habitat loss on those private lands could exacerbate the negative consequences of this response by panthers.


To test the hypothesis that low tassel-auxin levels during early ear development result in high population tolerance, free plus esterified IAA was determined in tassels of three maize cultivars. IAA level was significantly higher in tassels of the most tolerant cultivar, a finding contrary to the hypothesis.


the consultation is central tomedicine, and information technology mustfacilitate it. With the constant changes ininformation technology it remains nascent,disjointed, and user hostile. It is no surprisethat implementation remains problematic.Paper records will be superseded, butsuccessors must emulate their familiarityand simplicity.The authors do not mention the mainweakness—what users see and what they cando with it. Background issues (coding,networks, intranets, security, maintenance,data transfer, etc) are the province of geeks.Even the brand leader (EMIS) is difficult tooperate in consultation, and its presentationof data,especially lab results,is dire.Interfaces operated by hand via largecolour liquid crystal display touch screensare the technologies that can transformhealth computing by rendering the con-sultation process "natural." Healthcarecomputing will be wonderful when the usercan use it easily. Get users, not geeks, todesign the interface, and the project willtake wing.


Numerous schools of psychoanalytic thought inform contemporary feminist scholarship. This paper examines how two schools, object relations theory and work of Jacques Lacan, can be useful to the feminist enterprise. It focuses especially on the theme of the maternal: while the stated schools conceptualize this theme differently, both rely on the notion of an internalized maternal metaphor held within the child's unconscious. This internalized metaphor thus constitutes a common terrain uniting feminists who draw on object relations theory to those indebted to Lacan, scholars who otherwise feel they have little in common.


Introduction. The current ethnopolitical situation in the North Caucasus is characterized by instability. In sociopolitical life of region, it is ethnicization that tends to come to the foreground. Goals. The paper aims at clarifying functional essentials of ethnicization in the macroregion's social life in the context of ethnopolitical dynamics. Materials and methods. The work employs a number of conflictology and riskology research methods. The empirical base rests on results of an expert survey. Results. The obtained research materials make it possible to comprehensively analyze functioning patterns inherent to ethnopolitical processes in the North Caucasian Federal District and outline conclusions as to impacts of ethnicization trends in the polyethnic environment. Most experts consider the ethnicization process has resulted from political and administrative miscalculations that ultimately give rise to ethnopolitical conflictogenity in the North Caucasus. The ethnicization is facilitated by 'decision making risks', such as absolutization of the ethnoterritorial principle in politics, imbalances of socioeconomic programs and projects, mythologization of ethnic histories, inefficient language policies. Some experts point out that this process is natural and objectively determined, with both progressive and destabilizing effects. The ratio between these characteristics is determined by the quality of 'decision making'. The duality of assessments ultimately resumes that the phenomenon is functionally determined by subjective administrative efforts undertaken by contemporary political elites. The conflictogenity level of the ethnicization in sociopolitical life depends on the adequacy of decisions made, efficiency of administrative policy at large, and specifically the qualitative features of political elites.


Hepatocytes make up over 80% of liver mass and carry out all essential liver functions such as protein synthesis and detoxification, among others. Recent studies have shown distinct metabolic functions of proliferating and non‐proliferating hepatocytes as a compensatory mechanism during liver regeneration. However, this mechanism has not been studied in the case of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is known to disrupt the regenerative capacity and alter the metabolic processes of the liver. We seek to determine if alcohol consumption alters the balance in metabolic functionality between proliferating and non‐proliferating hepatocyte populations during liver regeneration. In the present study, rats were pair‐fed either a chronic ethanol diet or a carbohydrate control diet per Lieber DeCarli calorie‐matched liquid diet protocol. We performed 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) and liver samples were collected at the baseline and at 24 hours post PHx. Single hepatocytes were isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) where the subset of proliferating hepatocytes were identified by Ki67 staining. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was employed for the purpose of identifying transcriptional differences across hepatocyte subtypes (i.e. PHx, diet, proliferation). Principal component analysis (PCA) of all samples showed distinct separation of cells into clusters based on liver regeneration (baseline and PHx samples), but not on diet (control and ethanol) and cellular proliferation (Ki67‐positive vs. negative staining). PCA of baseline samples showed separation of proliferating and non‐proliferating hepatocytes in the ethanol group. We characterized metabolic differences between hepatocyte subtypes using a computational model of genome‐scale metabolic reaction activities. We found that the metabolic compartmentalization separating proliferating from non‐proliferating hepatocytes in the carbohydrate group is absent in the ethanol group. Several functional differentiating factors arose favoring reactive oxygen species detoxification and steroid metabolism in proliferating hepatocytes from ethanol‐adapted animals at baseline, which were absent post PHx. Furthermore, proliferating cells from the carbohydrate group showed higher reaction activity in CoA synthesis, NAD metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolic pathways as compared to their non‐proliferating counterparts, both at baseline and following PHx. Our results also indicate that these pathways are also active in the non‐proliferating hepatocytes following PHx in the ethanol group. Taken together, our combinatorial transcriptomic analysis and computational modeling showed distinct metabolic pathways differentiating proliferating from non‐proliferating hepatocytes at baseline, which is absent in hepatocytes following PHx in the ethanol group. These results point towards an alternative mechanism of metabolic compensation in ethanol‐fed animals such that similar metabolic pathways are active in both proliferating and non‐proliferating hepatocytes. This lack of metabolic compartmentalization may hinder the regenerative response to PHx in the ethanol‐fed animals. Targeting the metabolic division of labor may be a potential intervention to promote liver regenerative capacity in alcoholic liver disease.


Abstract : A cardiovascular fitness test is one element of the U.S. Navy Physical Readiness Test (PRT). This report presents the results of 3 studies that evaluated the potential use of a commercially available elliptical trainer, the CT 9500 HR, for this testing. Study 1: Different machines produced virtually identical calorie expenditure estimates when a test subject performed a series of bouts at the same resistance and stride rate on each machine. Study 2: The calorie expenditure reported by the CT 9500 HR during 12-minute exercise bouts was highly correlated (r = .900) with the energy expenditure measured by open-circuit spirometry (OCS); the machine report was ~34 Kcal higher than the OCS estimate. Study 3: CT 9500 HR calorie estimates recorded during 12-minute exercise bouts accurately predicted run times (women, r = .890; men, r = .900). The slope of the regression of run time on CT 9500 HR calories was the same for men and women, but the intercept was higher for women than for men. Potential PRT standards for the CT 9500 HR were identified by using these equations to match CT 9500 HR performance to current PRT standards for the 1.5-mile run for men and women.


Calculations of radial coordinate of the center of hydrodynamical pressure with use of three known methods, confirmed their insignificant divergence are presented. The new method of calculation of radial coordinate of the center of hydrodynamical pressure developed by authors and results of its use with reference to bearing segments of four hydpower stations is considered. The received results confirm high reliability of the new method. Results of calculations of coordinate of the center of hydrodynamical pressure obtained by means of the new method of calculation developed by authors are presented. The results are confirmed by natural tests for the powerful hydrounit of the Volga hydropower station named after V.I. Lenin.


The article notes that the preservation of historical urban planning is an important aspect of modern urban planning, which contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and the formation of the city's identity. However, to achieve this goal, a scientific approach is necessary, which includes a detailed analysis of the territory, research of historical archives and documents, design and implementation of plans taking into account modern requirements for urban planning. The article pays special attention to historical styles of planning quarters and districts, particularly in old cities such as Kyiv. It is noted that preservation of historical urban planning can be a difficult task due to the fact that it often does not meet modern requirements, for example, to ensure the comfort of residents and insolation. Therefore, it is important to strike a balance between the preservation of the historical territory and compliance with modern urban planning requirements. In general, the article provides clear examples of how historical urban planning can be preserved and ensured its compliance with modern requirements of urban planning, which is an important element of the formation of the cultural heritage and identity of the city.
In addition, the article compares different approaches to the development of urban planning in new districts of European cities, in particular, Amsterdam and Kyiv. Attention is drawn to the development of green areas and open spaces in new districts and their harmonious combination with historical planning. An example of a new district of modern housing in Amsterdam is given, which continues the theme of the development of quarter buildings of the city's historical planning.
Special attention is paid in the article to the problem of restoration of historical planning in the districts of the old city. The example of the "Founding Quarter" of the German city of LЯbeck is used to analyze this issue. The reasons for the destruction of the historical core of the city, the modernist features of reconstruction in the post-war period are considered and analyzed. The modern project of restoration of this district with the return of historical streets, layout of buildings, their separate volumes was analyzed.


The tilted-ellipse representation of standing-wave patterns enables the extraction of the magnitudes and phases of the forward-, and backward-waves. The mutual correlation of backward-waves versus forward-waves provides the Gammaii and Gammaij ratios, that respectively represent the S-parameters Sii and Sij. An (n+N) x (n+N) S-matrix is obtained for a given (n+N)-port square, or hexagonal cluster-tier. The simulation is equivalent to using an (n+N)-fort vector network analyzer for data-acquisition.


According to the equation of pass surface in skew rolling, the characteristic curves are obtained by VC++ programming, a three-dimensional model of the roller is constructed by using of modeling function of Pro/E software, it is done for numerical simulation of Φ21.6mm Al ball forming process in skew rolling by means of ANSYS6.0 software, the stress and strain distributions are obtained in this simulation. It provides the important foundation for the design of dies and making clear the cause of the rolled piece inner defect. Key words: Skew rolling; Numerical simulation; Pro/E modeling; Al ball


Malformation of digestive tract is common in neonates. Esophageal atresia (EA) comprises a group of congenital abnormalities defined by discontinuity of the esophagus. EA with communication with the trachea is known as tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). For the repair of EA, it is needed to establish an anastomosis between two structures that may be significantly spaced apart, such as in long-gap EA (with a gap >3 cm). The repair across a long-gap can induce tension on the anastomosis, leading to dehiscence, anastomotic leak, or procedure failure. In neonatal patients with long-gap EA with TEF, the complications of significant gastroesophageal reflux, or anastomotic leaks and severe refractory esophageal stricture after surgery are common, which remains challenging for pediatric surgery. There are multiple options for lengthening and approximating the ends in long-gap EA such as myotomies, Gough flap, or the Foker technique. The treatment of long gap EA usually requires thoracotomy or thoracoscopy to place traction sutures on each esophageal in multiple stage operations, the treatment period of which is long. Esophageal stricture is the most common complication following EA repair. Refractory esophageal anastomotic stricture after repair of EA in infants is a challenging surgical problem. In general, these strictures can be successfully managed using endoscopic techniques including bougie and balloon dilation, stenting, and chemotherapeutic agents. If these techniques are unsuccessful, treatment options are limited to surgical resection of the strictured segment and reanastomosis, or esophageal replacement. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) has been introduced for several decades. Recently, rare-earth magnets have been employed to create solid anastomosis for long-gap EA and refractory esophageal stricture in children. In MCA, a sutureless anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract can be formed using two magnetic Harrison rings. Magnetic compress has been shown to be effective for the treatment of long-gap EA in children. MCA can be conducted during the same stage surgery of ligating the TEF with customized magnetic rings. Under the magnetic force, the two magnetic rings pull along the gastric tube to achieve anastomosis. Once the postoperative permanent suction of these two pouches is instituted, spontaneous growth can be awaited. MCA has been shown to be effective in anastomosis of stomach, small bowel and colon in both experimental and clinical cases. The magnets are most commonly made of neodymium-boron or samarium-cobalt, which can display strengths significantly greater than those of ferrite. Magnetic compression has been used to treat biliary strictures in adult patients who have undergone liver transplantation, as magnetic connectors for coronary surgery, and for the functional undiversion of ileostomy in pediatric patients. Reports also describe the use of magnetic compression in restoring patency of anastomotic strictures of the alimentary tract in patients who have undergone surgery for esophageal, gastric, and rectal cancer. Yamanouchi and colleagues have published many papers on their experience with Samarium cobalt magnets. They even used them to treat recurrent anastomotic strictures after initial MCA. It has been reported that in conditions such as congenital oesophageal atresia or rectal atresia in children, and also is a safe, minimally invasive way to gradually refunctionalize the excluded distal bowel after previous diverting ostomy. MCA using mated magnets with their interposed compressed tissue may result in serosa-to-serosa apposition. At present, MCA for the treatment of EA patients is restricted to gross type A (without TEF) and anastomotic stenosis without thoracotomy. Magnamosis offers a minimally invasive technique for repair of this congenital anomaly. This is particularly helpful in those patients who cannot undergo initial or repeat thoracotomy or thoracoscopy due to anatomic considerations or overall severity of illness. Translumenal digestive tract anastomosis using the constant magnetic field is reliable and feasible as a minimally invasive technique to treat congenital esophageal and anorectal abnormalities. Magnamosis is technically feasible for esophago-esophageal anastomoses. In anorectal malformations with favorable anatomy, this procedure may avoid an operative repair such as posterior sagittal reconstruction. We propose that magnamosis can be considered as an alternative for the treatment of rectal atresia in certain children.


A modification of the double-phase holographic code, based on phase modulation devices, that substantially improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the reconstruction plane without the need to increase the complexity of hologram cells (or macropixels) is proposed.


Abstract Despite continuing world discussions in relation to free trade the majority of first world countries still have a very heavily subsidised rural economy. Over the past twenty years countries such as Australia and New Zealand have been reducing farm support schemes to the point where now these rural industries are competing on a free world trade market basis. The reduction in farm commodity and input support has placed significant managerial pressure on Australian farmers to compete and survive in a market that fluctuates from periods of high commodity prices to low prices based on total world supply and demand. This paper will examine the change in rural land prices within an area of New South Wales to determine the extent of rural land price change and returns over a twenty year period. The paper will also examine the change in major rural input and output costs over the same time. This analysis will examine the influence of these factors on rural land prices.


This article contends that B.S. Al-Sayyab's misuse of legendary/representative examples shows the impact of T. S. Eliot's verse. In any case, Al-Sayyab resuscitated the old folklore of his nation and moved this old style and Anglo-American custom to make submitted Arabic verse that handles the praxis of life and mirrors the chronicled circumstance of the Arab district, particularly that of his nation Iraq. We analyze Al-Sayyab's verse in a setting which mirrors the socio-political unsettling influences in the Arab district. Al-Sayyab didn't just duplicate Eliot's strategies and subjects. Or maybe, he mixed them with his own legendary vision to make rich and all inclusive verse without giving up the national direction of his work. The connection between the two artists is one of disruption and change and not really one of simple impact. Al-Sayyab improved the fantasies utilized by Eliot and changed them to deliver submitted, yet all inclusive, verse. He utilized legend to advance his verse and give it an all inclusive direction. Critically, he utilized fantasy as an organizing gadget to compare the present subjects of his ballads against remote and legendary ones. Alsayyab and his poetry Fantasy has a solid nearness in the verse of Al-Sayyab. This ought not come as an amazing truth in the event that we think about that Al-Sayyab grew up tuning in to customary stories and fantasies in his grandparents' homes like those of Sinbad, Antara, Abu Zaid el Hilali which later improved his verse (Baidoun 16). Simultaneously, he was a dedicated essayist worried about the issues of the Arab man by and large (Baidoun 63). Legend is symptomatic of his widespread vision, importance, and grasp of outside impacts. Be that as it may, for what reason would an artist like Al-Sayyab resort to legend? Eliot in "Ulysses, Order, and Myth" finds in Joyce's Ulysses a significant articulation of its age. The epic's legendary parallels fill in as "a method for controlling, of requesting, of giving a shape and noteworthiness to the tremendous scene of uselessness and insurgency which is contemporary history." Similarly, and scarcely any decades after Eliot's article, Northrop Frye's notable work Anatomy of Criticism gave a record of fantasy and models in writing as organizing gadgets with examples of symbolism having theoretical importance. For Eliot, at that point, the requirement for fantasy is supported by social decay. For Baidoun, Al-Sayyab was pulled in to legend because of its circuitous nature and capacity to sidestep political abuse through image (71). Fantasy disjoins social and political substances and activities them by method for juxtaposition. It is utilized to represent a perspective by clarifying individuals' convictions and practices. Like Eliot, Al Sayyab finds in fantasy a dire socio-political and social need and a methods for illustrative juxtaposition. In a talk conveyed in Rome about responsibility and non-duty in present day Arabic verse, Al-Sayyab once recognized the impact of Eliot to the extent the issue of making artists mindful of such legends different artists were not delicate about, no more (Baidoun 71, 82). One valid justification for utilizing representative fantasy in writing is given by Al-Sayyab himself in 1957 as the strength of issue over soul and realism over the spirit which affected masterful qualities and ruined articulation (Kilani 130). This appears to be sensible in the event that we think about how the AIJRELPLS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 01 (2020, JAN/FEB) (ISSN-2456-3897)ONLINE ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION, LITERATURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND LIBRARY SCIENCES ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION, LITERATURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND LIBRARY SCIENCES EMAILID:firstname.lastname@example.com,WEBSITE:www.anveshanaindia.com 2 utilization of fantasy is distinctive for every artist. In Eliot, the waste place that is known for his popular 1922 sonnet of that title is the place that is known for the dead, and his legendary vision is to some degree whole-world destroying. Al-Sayyab is progressively hopeful, and he has faith in resurrection from decrease. His expectation separates him from Eliot. In addition, controlling fantasy to serve nearby settings of socio-political discourse is another significant distinction from Eliot (despite the fact that we can contend the case that Al-Sayyab was likewise expanding on Eliot's social and social investigate of post-war Europe). In what follows, we talk about a couple of parts of Eliot's effect on Al-Sayyab; principally, we examine the city as a legendary subject, ripeness fantasies and legends, lastly some dissipated legendary images in Al-Sayyab's verse. The investigation uncovers that fantasy isn't unexpected in Al-Sayyab's verse. It is utilized to fabricate and create lyrics and invest them with socio-political and social import. Also, beside the legendary images utilized independently in every lyric under discourse, Al-Sayyab manufactured a legendary plan in his verse whereby fantasy is natural and crucial to his verse when analyzed on the whole. Had Eliot's effect on Al-Sayyab been unconventional, and had the Western pioneer convention he ingested been shallow, Al-Sayyab would not have delivered such a supported and basic legendary verse. The importance of 'the city of Jaikur' as s theme: Pundits of Eliot's verse realize that he utilized Western urban communities "as standards of a withering development" (Gohar "Eliot's Modernism" 43). In accordance with the innovator custom he grasped, Al-Sayyab's treatment of certain urban areas lifts them to the degree of legendary ones. In "Jaikur and the City," Jaikur, the writer's town, is a negligible dream and its restoration is unattainable for the artist. He is connected to this fantasy in spite of the fact that he understands that it can't be accomplished. From now on, the restoration of Jaikur speaks to the resurrection and freedom of the country. When Jaikur is mistreated, it speaks to death and demolition, and when it is green it is an image of life. Jaikur turns into a legendary image of life, demise, and resurrection: And Jaikur is green, the dusk has touched the crests of her palm trees with sorrowful sun. My path went to her, like a lightening flash it showed and vanished, splendor returned, kindling the road until it lit the city, and under the bandages could be seen the wounds on my hand: they were scorchmarks. (Jayyusi Modern Arabic Poetry 432) Jaikur for the dispossessed artist is a prototype picture of blamelessness, effortlessness, and satisfaction. It is likewise a method of otherworldly being for the speaker. Al-Sayyab starts "Jaikur and the City" with a clear correlation between the terrible city, which he depicts as though it were robes that curl around him and his town, Jaikur. He can't get to Jaikur and its lovely fish and amazing dawn or nightfall contacting the palm-trees. The ballad delineates AIJRELPLS VOLUME 5, ISSUE 01 (2020, JAN/FEB) (ISSN-2456-3897)ONLINE ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION, LITERATURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND LIBRARY SCIENCES ANVESHANA'S INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION, LITERATURE, PSYCHOLOGY AND LIBRARY SCIENCES EMAILID:email@example.com,WEBSITE:www.anveshanaindia.com 3 sentiments of forlornness and estrangement of the artist who can't hold up under this new existence of abuse and outcast. Therefore, Jaikur turns into an image for guiltlessness, immaculateness, and ethicalness. The solid sentiment of being under attack and in jail while carrying on with the cravings of life in the tragic city resembles ropes that loop around the artist's neck smothering his very being. Eliot portrays his urban and desolate waste land as denied of its qualities and customs. He assembles his ballad in a divided manner to convey a feeling of the urban waste land. This escalated "metropolitan symbolism, adjusted from Eliot's verse," (Jayyusi Modern 194) is utilized by Al-Sayyab to push the perseverance of destruction that outcomes in the "otherworldly homicide of both the writer and the town" (Gohar 194). Al-Sayyab utilizes well known fables, recounting to the tale of locals who go to the city and never return: These are streets of which drowsy hearthside legends say: From them no more than from the shore of death has any traveler through night returned, as if there echo and silence were wings of the Sphinx, two wings that jut from buried rock through the subsoil. (Jayyusi Modern 432) In The Waste Land, Eliot uses such lovely gadgets alongside folklore to make a huge picture of his "incredible city" of death. Essentially, Al-Sayyab interfaces folkloric stories with legends to make a household picture of Baghdad, the wretched city, so he insinuates the Sphinx fantasy, an Egyptian image, to delineate an environment of death in the boulevards. In old style folklore, the massive sphinx sits on a stone outside Thebes threatening and killings the city's residents who can't settle its conundrum. Utilizing such fantasy permits Al-Sayyab to censure political oppression and debasement related with city life in Iraq and, by suggestion, the Arab world. This sphinx is, as per Al-Sayyab, "an image of the oppressive systems overseeing Iraq in the 1950's" (Gohar 195). There is another reference in a similar line that draws in the Islamic and Qur'anic legacy. Al-Sayyab implies the narrative of prophet Moses (Gohar 195), when god reacts to the request from the prophet when he appealed to Allah to furnish him and his parched individuals with a spring of water in the rough desert; Al-Sayyab draws a relationship by the stone portraying the sterile and desolate city (Gohar 195). In Eliot's The Waste Land, there is shadow under this red stone—"(Come in under the shadow of this red stone)" (The Waste Land L. 39)— which alludes to the dismissed holy places of London and their strict customs. Al-Sayyab's water or "downpour" doesn't bring ripeness, nor does it r


Water spinach is well known by our society as a green vegetable that has a high vitamin mineral content at a low price and is easy to obtain and its cultivation is also relatively easy. This character supports the development as a potential horticultural crop commodity to be developed. The main source of vitamins is leafy green vegetables. Leaf green vegetables can be cultivated non-hydroponically and hydroponically. In vegetables there is beta-carotene which is the initial form of vitamin A so it is called pro vitamin A or provit A. Provit A is found in leafy green vegetables such as water spinach. The objectives of this study were: To compare the nutritional content of water spinach cultivated hydroponically and non-hydroponically. This research was conducted at the Wire House Biology Laboratory, Padang State University in May - July 2020. This research is a descriptive study. The analysis that will be carried out in this study are: Nutritional content of kale. The research steps that will be carried out are: preparation of hydroponic kale samples obtained from the West Sumatra hydroponic community in Alai and non-hydroponic kale obtained from the Padang Raya market, analysis of nutrient content using spectrophotometric methods and data analysis. From the research that has been done, it is found that the nutritional content of water spinach cultivated non-hydroponically is higher than that of water spinach cultivated hydroponically.


The authors reviewed 15 works of world literature published during the period of 2005 to January 2010 with the aim of analyzing the dramatization technique a...


The invention relates to a human face identification non-lockhole alarm safe-guard door lock and belongs to the safe-guard door lockset field. The technical proposal of the invention is that: an infrared human face identification electronic control circuit consists of a digital signal processor DSP, a synchronous dynamic random access memory SDRAM, a flash memory FLASH, a horn, a key, a motor controller, a miniature direct current motor, a power source, an infrared camera shooting module which captures human face images, infrared transmitting and receiving diode and photodiode which is used for detection, an infrared light-emitting diode set which is taken as a fixed light source, a liquid crystal screen and a voice codec; a human face identification module is arranged inside the DSP, respectively connected with the infrared camera shooting module, the SDRAM, the FLASH and the liquid crystal screen through an external bus, and connected with the voice codec through a multi-channel buffer serial port; the voice codec is connected with the horn and connected with the infrared light-emitting diode set, the key and the motor controller through IO interfaces; the motor controller is connected with the miniature direct current motor which controls a clutch pin. The invention adopts infrared human face identification and has no lockhole, and performances are stable and reliable.


In the last decade, our understanding of children with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has continued to grow fueled by collaborative multidisciplinary interactions between pediatric pulmonologists, radiologists, pathologists, neonatologists, and families. There have been critical events and people that have created this successful march forward.

Early leaders included Dr. Bettina Hilman, to whom this series is dedicated, Dr. Leland Fan, Dr. Claire Langston, Dr. Ernest Cutz, and Dr. Annick Clement to name just a few. They provided early and persistent voices to bring recognition to these children with difficult to diagnose and treat diffuse lung disease. In fact, 2 National Institutes of Health (NIH) workshops were supported by the National Heart, Blood and Lung Institute (NHLBI) in 1988 and 1989 to bring broader understanding to children with ILD. These workshops laid the conceptual framework for a multidisciplinary approach to studying young children and infants with ILD. Unfortunately, with limited funds these large-scale multidisciplinary efforts did not materialize. However, Hilman, Fan, Langston, Clement, and Cutz continued forward by publishing their observations, mentoring the next generation of physicians and scientists in pediatric ILD, and drawing attention to the needs of these children. These persistent pioneers paved the way for our current successes in pediatric ILD!

Fast forward almost 15 years and critically compelling events occurred to rekindle interest in disorders specific to infants and young children with ILD. New disease causing surfactant mutations were described in children by Larry Nogee and his colleagues. Ernest Cutz and colleagues in Toronto described Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis (PIG) and Deterding, Fan, and Langston reported Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy (NEHI). Animal models of disease and lung growth and development enhanced our understanding of pulmonary molecular processes. With these activities as a backdrop, a NIH and Office of Rare Disease (ORD) conference grant was submitted and funded in 2004 that supported the initiation of the current Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) Research Network and the Children's Interstitial Lung Disease (chILD) Foundation (www.childfoundation.us). Essential to this success was the support of the NIH funded Rare Lung Diseases Consortium (RLDC) and the Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Foundation. I am personally indebted to the encouragement provided by Dr. Bruce Trapnell and Dr. Frank McCormack and the LAM Foundation to write the NIH/ORD conference grant and their inclusion of Pediatric ILD into the RLDC. The RLDC was invaluable in providing early support for the chILD Research Network to meet and learn from our adult colleagues.

The last decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of chILD. I am delighted that Dr. Harold Farber, the editor of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, requested this special edition on children with ILD and that leaders in the field of chILD agreed to provide exceptional insights through roundtable discussions, interviews, and superb manuscripts. This collection of articles provides the most up-to-date and in-depth information ever reported in one place on chILD. The spectrum of chILD is reviewed by Dr. Deterding in children less than 2 years of age,1 and Dr. Vece and Dr. Fan review ILD in older children and adolescents.2 Dr. Dishop3 and Dr. Guillerman4 provide state-of-the-art chILD reviews on diagnostic pathology and imaging, respectively, with exceptional figures to illustrate examples of different disorders. Dr. Nogee reports on the genetic basis of children's interstitial lung disease and provides useful guidance about how to recognize and pursue appropriate genetic evaluation for these disorders.5 Dr. Glasser, Dr. Hardie, and Dr. Hagood provide intriguing comments about the pathogenesis of ILD from childhood into adulthood and how they might relate.6 Another key article is provided by McDougal and Gettys describing the importance of education and the collaboration between family foundations and physicians.7 The entire chILD series should provide major benefit to both physician and patient communities in their search for accurate information.

It has been a personal pleasure for me to serve as Co-Guest Editor with my mentor Dr. Leland Fan and to work with leaders in chILD and the chILD Foundation, who along with the children who suffer from chILD inspire me to passionately pursue systems of care and clinical research to improve the lives of children and families living with chILD.


Field notes were contributed by Dick Bierman and Marion M. Brewer, observer. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists' Union Quarterly field report of spring 1982.


The competition in retail market structure has changed considerably in recent years with the effect of internet and online selling as well as changes in consumer needs & expectations. Although physical retail stores still have important place in the economy, online selling has grown up geometrically. The aim of this research is to identify the main actors and analyze the competition for consumer electronics in Turkey from a network perspective. So network connections are analyzed to see the big picture in competition for both traditional and online retailers. In the study, open source code program "Graphcommons (graphcommons.com)" will be used to prepare the network mapping and analyze five technology superstores and seven online retailers operating in the consumer electronics market in Turkey. The relations for both retail stores and e-commerce companies will be presented. Keywords : Competition, consumer electronics, network mapping, marketing, networks JEL Classification: M31, L81, L14


Before the urbanization of the valley in which cities and towns in Colombia are located, rainwater could seep into the ground at a rate close to 90%, depending on the slope and vegetation, runoff were the order of 10% of precipitation. With urbanization, the subsequent construction of waterproofed surfaces of roofs, terraces, plazas and pathways; It makes the phenomenon is reversed and only 10% of the rain and infiltrate runoff increases to 90%, whereby the water cycle is altered considerably, especially as aquifers under the built-up areas do not receive refills water, causing subsidence in buildings and roads; and low-lying areas near the river beds are flooded due to reduced concentration times runoff.


The theories of criminalization, developed by Polish researchers, indicating the premises (stages) of the decision-making process regarding criminalization, do not take into account the specificity of crime against children. The purpose of this article is to confront contemporary criminalization assumptions with a particular situation when it comes to infringing or endangering the child's welfare. This is because child victimization differs significantly from adult victimization on many levels. The consequences of criminalization itself are also more severe for the child victim. As a result of such an analysis, additional premises were developed, which should always be taken into account when considering the introduction of criminalization, maintaining criminalization or decriminalization of harmful behavior for a child.


A wire harness (10 to 13, 31), comprising: a conductive path (19) one or more; protective member (20), the protective member (20) formed in a tubular shape, and the protective member (20) contained in more than one conductive path, thereby shielding electromagnetic waves emitted from the conductive path (19) more than one. The protective member (20) is formed of a resin composition having conductivity.


Sewage and treated water can be a heat source in urban area due to large heat capacity, thus recovery and reuse of its energy is one of the most desirable plans for the sewerage system. In this paper, characteristics of heat energ in wastewater, reuse plans, and some experiences in Japan are presented. Full-scale reuse projects for heating and cooling in the Tokyo Metopolitan Districts and project for melting snow in Sapporo City are discussed.


In this paper,with the help of literature review,interviews and observation,the author researches the history and the current situation of environmental governance to Qinhuai River in Nanjing,and the impact on citizen's lifestyle of that.By the study,the author reaches the conclusion that citizens pay more and more attention on fitness recreation in their daily life with the gradual formation of three-dimensional healthy concept.The governance of urban living environment plays a vital role in the formation of healthy lifestyle in the unit of family.


Introduction The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recommended retrieval of at least 12 lymph nodes and firstly classified N category by the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) for Distal Cholangiocarcinoma (DCC). Objective The end of this cohort study was to explore the optimal cut-off values of the number of examined lymph nodes (ELNs) and PLNs to better stratify patients by utilizing a population-based database. Methods A number of 758 patients with DCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were enrolled in the study and comparing by the survival analysis. Results Survival analysis found that patients with ELNs < 5 had a lower 3-year disease-specific survival rate than ELNs ≥ 5 in N0M0 cohort (35.3% vs. 53.0%, P = 0.001) and in M0 cohort (42.7% vs. 32.8%, P = 0.006); survival curves between patients with ELNs < 12 and ELNs ≥ 12 were overlapped in N0M0 cohort (P = 0.256) and in M0 cohort (P = 0.233). Among patients with ELNs ≥ 5, using the optimal cut-off value of the number of PLNs (0, 2) could accurately stratify patients, but the recommendation of the number of PLNs (0, 3) by the AJCC could not. Conclusions This study recommended examining at least 5 lymph nodes and defining PLNs = 1–2 as the N1 category and PLNs ≥ 3 as the N2 category, which may better stratify distal cholangiocarcinoma patients and improve the accuracy of the eighth edition AJCC staging.


The present invention discloses a method for producing a 4- represented by the following formula cumene perfluorinated amines. In this method, an organic solvent in the presence of an organic base or "an organic base and hydrogen fluoride salt or complex" coexist, the corresponding aminoaryl-containing fluoroalkyl alcohols with sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) Reaction . According to the present invention, it can significantly inhibit the formation of by-products, while the objective product.


An estimation method of source location of undesired electromagnetic wave from electronic devices by using the MUSIC algorithm is proposed. The MUSIC algorihm can estimate the direction of arrival accurately however, the estimation error is large in the case of short range multiple coherent sources. In order to overcome this problem, a method to improve the estimation accuracy is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the maximum estimation error from 7 cm of the conventional method to 2 cm.


Tang epoch trains (618–907) – an important source of judgments about expressive possibilities and sound archetypes of the Chinese flute, preserved in the music of the Celestial Empire composers of the XX – XXI centuries. The purpose of this investigation is to establish sound archetypes of the flute in the Chinese poetry of the Tang epoch. The methods of investigation are historical, semantic, genre and comparative approaches. The scientific novelty of the study is to introduce the concept of «flute poetry» of the Tang era into the musicology context, to establish its characteristic properties (spiritualization of the desolate time space with a magic melody, the reflection of the state of the soul of a lonely hero, the presence of the image of the listener-poet, connection with the elements of the wind, the nocturonal semantics of the natural landscape, signs of the palace style, the embodiment in the sounds of the flute - the mediator between the earthly and celestial worlds – philosophical ideas), the formation of the thesaurus of flute affects (moaning, sadness, sadness, state of waiting, experiencing loneliness). The samples of «flute poetry» by Li Bo, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Zhao Gu are considered. The image of the jade flute from Li Bo's poem symbolizes the priceless in human life. In Li Bo's poem about the Qiang Maiden, the flute music takes on the meaning of a leitmotif that accompanies the drama of love and separation. In Du Fu's work, the limits of earthly time and space contrast with the boundless celestial chronotope associated with the flute's sound image. In Wang Wei's poetry, the flute's crying accompanies the suffering of an abandoned woman and finds a response in the soul of a lonely traveler. Zhao Gu's poem includes the names of mythical flute artists Huan Tzu and Ma Rong, contributing to the sacralization of time and space in the work. Conclusions. In «flute poetry» of the Tang era, there are typical features of a common creative method inherent to the masters of the word «golden age»: the sound image of the flute is inscribed in a common artistic continuum based on the reflection of the poet's surrounding nature in a lyrical-philosophical landscape.


Sulfonated styrene-acrylic acid copolymers have been used as an alternative polyelectrolyte membrane for applications in fuel cells. In this work, the raw copolymer has been prepared by a well studied solution copolymerization reaction method, but at two different capacity reactor conditions: 100 mL and 3 L. The main idea was to scale up the copolymer production for having enough material for future sulfonation reactions. The reaction conditions consisted of styrene/acrylic acid in a 94/6 % mol, BPO as radical initiator in a 0.045 % mol, divinyl benzene (DVB) as crosslinking agent at 0.25 %mol and the solvent diethyl benzene (DEB) in a 50/50 volume ratio with monomers. Temperature was kept at 90 °C and the system stirred at 200 rpm during 2 hours, for both reactors. Molecular weight of copolymers was obtained by means of GPC, glass transition (Tg) by DSC and decomposition temperature (Td) through TGA analysis.


The proliferation of Internet technologies has rendered education available to a vast majority of people, irrespective of their place, giving birth to e-learning. As such, learners, sharing different characteristics, have access to the learning material. In the light of recent developments, educational software should offer a student-centered learning experience. In view of the above, this paper presents artificial intelligence dynamic clustering of learners' characteristics for preserving the learning pace of each student. As a testbed of our research, we have designed and implemented an adaptive system for providing individualized tutoring of mathematics to elementary school students. Dynamic clustering takes as input several students' characteristics, namely pre-existing knowledge, current and previous knowledge level, etc., in order to construct homogeneous student clusters. Through dynamic clustering, the system provides individualized hints to students for improving knowledge acquisition, recommendation for group collaboration, domain knowledge delivery and trophies. The system was evaluated using an established framework and the results show that its incorporated intelligent techniques can offer individualized and adaptive learning while retaining a high level of pedagogical affordance.


This paper analyzed the network application in teaching with various ways, summarized the experiences and skills on media courseware design, teachers and students discussion on network, homework uploading.


This research was carried out to determine the morphological characteristics of the Muradiye kelebek pigeon, which is one of our indigenous animal genetic resources. For this purpose, a total of 73 pigeons (35 male and 38 female) were examined from six breeders. Male pigeons were higher than the female pigeons in terms of trunk length (P < 0.001), head width (P < 0.05), beak length (P < 0.001), beak depth (P < 0.05), thoracic perimeter (P < 0.001), and tarsus diameter (P < 0.001). The body weight, chest width and thoracic perimeter of age group II were higher than those of age group I (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.001). In terms of head structure, the Muradiye kelebek pigeons resemble Muradiye dönek, Bursa oynarı, Thrace roller, Alabadem, and Edremit kelebek pigeon genotypes. In addition, the plumage color of spotted in Muradiye kelebek pigeons, the plumage color of jackal in Thrace rollers, the plumage color of speckled in Edremit Kelebek pigeons, and the red/black galaca in Muradiye dönek pigeons may be mutual traits of these four pigeon genotypes. Therefore, the degree of kinship among Muradiye kelebek pigeons and the five pigeon genotypes (Muradiye dönek, Alabadem, Bursa oynarı, Thrace roller, Edremit kelebek pigeons) should be determined by genetic studies.


The present paper aims to briefly review the history of the concept of the rule of law. It gives an account of its three pillars, namely the English rule of law, the French constitutionalism and the German Rechtsstaat, their historically changing meanings and the evolution of the principles they protect. It highlights the political changes in the use of these concepts after the World War II, in an attempt to prevent the Nazi atrocities from recurring, and shows how the rule of law, the Rechtsstaat and the prééminence du droit have been given substance at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century.


This article deals with urban growth and sprawl in South Africa as of the early 1960s, caused primarily by a rapid increase in the use of and dependence on motor vehicle transportation, and discusses South Africa's approach to providing a road transport network capable of handling the country's urban traffic volumes. The approach is generally described as being a synthesis of U.S. and European approaches, and specific examples are presented of highway and urban transportation planning in the South African cities of Cape Town, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Durban.


Productivity is the ability to achieve certain tasks in accordance with predetermined standards. Companies must create safe work environment to motivate employees so that they can increase overall company productivity. Purpose of the study is to explain the effect of work discipline, occupational health and safety on the work productivity of Sariasih Garment employees with 51 people as samples, using saturated sample method. Data collected through observation, interviews and questionnaires and analyzed by multiple linear regression. Based on the results, work discipline, occupational health and work safety have  positive and significant effect on employee work productivity. It is expected that company pays attention to employees' compliance with regulations in doing their jobs and the company is able to create a safe, comfortable and clean work environment. Employees have enthusiasm and protection while working so that employees are able to increase work productivity in order to create maximum work results.
Keywords: work productivity, work discipline, work health and safety


This article examines the development of the media franchise Mahō shōjo Madoka magika/Puella Magi Madoka Magica from the perspective of the growth of character media ecologies. Originating as a 2011 anime series, Madoka Magica presented a critically
 acclaimed narrative featuring a dark, traumatic take on the magical girl genre of media. Outside this narrative context, however, Madoka Magica has developed into a vibrant array of media products, including manga, video games, character merchandising and cross-promotional brand marketing,
 with little to no reference in these products to the dark context of the chronologically prior characters. Characters who were brutally killed in one context become smiling ambassadors for convenience stores in another; the monsters fought against become cohabiting associates, if not allies,
 between texts. By focusing on the marketing, proliferation and malleability of the Madoka Magica characters, and the brand's evident emphasis on the characters' affective potential outside the narrative context of the original series, this article highlights the multiplicity
 of characters within the brand's officially produced media mix. Examining the production of the brand as a totality of products becomes a staging point for future analysis into character marketing more broadly, and the divergent approaches to such marketing across a global context.


The incidence of distal anastomotic hyperplasia (DAH) in superficial femoral- popliteal veins (SF-PVs) used as femoropopliteal bypass (FPB) grafts was inves tigated, with particular reference to the form of distal anastomotic construction. Seventy-seven SF-PV grafts that met specific angiographic follow-up criteria quali fied as "studied" grafts. DAH was identified in 13 (17%). Cobra head anastomoses, 2 cm or less in length, were used in 21 grafts and yielded 6 in stances of DAH (29%). When 8 sharply tapered 3 cm (swordfish) anastomoses were constructed, 3 grafts (37.5%) developed DAH. With 3 cm moderately ta pered (fishmouth) anastomoses in 48 grafts, DAH was seen 4 times (8%). Be cause the distal 1 cm of the swordfish configuration was very narrow, the swordfish and cobra head constructions were functionally equivalent and were grouped together as "short" anastomoses. The difference in the incidence of DAH with long and short anastomoses, 8% vs 31%, was statistically significant (p = .016). In the 48 "studied" grafts with fishmouth anastomoses, the occurrence of all 4 DAHs among the 15 female diabetic limbs was also significant (p = .019). Constructing 3 cm moderately tapered anastomoses significantly reduced the incidence of DAH, the leading cause of graft failure, in SF-PV FPB grafts. The achievement of primary and assisted patency rates of 84% and 91% at both three and five years in the 93 SF-PVs placed as primary FPB grafts since October, 1982, was largely due to the reduction in DAH that resulted from anastomotic modification.


A method for detecting formaldehyde in the atmosphere is introduced.The factors that affect the determination of formaldehyde in the atmosphere are discussed.


Among all the applications and services currently used by the smart phone users, Instant messenger (IM) is the most actively used one, and deserves deep research of its service behavior properties. In this paper, we built an accurate traffic behavior model of the IM services, based on the huge amount of data that collected from the real smart phone users in the mobile network. Finally, an analysis and comparison of the service behavior of several typical IM applications has been provided.


This volume shows how to (1) design and manage more efficient and effective pay components for compensation systems and (2) better communicate the what, why, when, where, and how of the system so that employees can understand and accept their pay ssytem as a fair return for effort expended. A new chapter discusses two critical subjects: pay for performance and Total Quality Management (TQM). If the time has come for your organization to develop or improve its pay system, this book is for you.


Environmental Protection becomes one of the most important factor in project managing.Taking the Qinzhou Port Dalanping 1# and 2# berth construction projects as examples,the article introduces the environment control and pollution prevention method.


This paper describes a simple nonlinear pile-soil interface model incorporated into a modified boundary element analysis to simulate the behaviour of piles in calcareous soils subjected to both sta...


It has been proved that the ansatz for the solution of the coupled inhomogeneous extended pseudoNewtonian (eѰN) partial differential equations is not generally applicable. An example where it is not applicable is constructed.


According to the requirement of small satellite, this paper designed a digital sun sensor which diaphragm is a V-shaped cross-section structure. Using Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) as the light detector, we designed the V-shaped cross-section structure based on the pinhole imaging principle. The sun sensor realized the accurate calculation for two axis sun angle of the sun sensor. The mechanical test, thermal test and testing of the sun sensor are designed and carried out. The mechanical test and thermal test results verify the stability of the sun sensor. Testing result shows that the detection angle can reach (120°)×(120°), and the attitude determination accuracy is better than 6" in the entire viewing field. The mass, volume and power consumption of the sun sensor is 0.177 kg, 78 mm×77 mm×21 mm and 0.25 W. The sun sensor has low power consumption, large viewing angle and high precision characteristics, which realized the sun sensor the miniaturization and meet the requirements of the micro satellite. Its performance has been verified in orbit.


Currently there is much interest in the research literature concerning sex differences for communicator style. This study investigated differences between males' and females' self‐perceptions on Norton's (1983) Communicator Style Construct and on the Social Style Profile (Buchholz, Lash brook & Wenberg, 1976). Forty‐three males and 42 females completed these measures as volunteers in a classroom setting. The results indicated that males' and females' self‐report responses do not differ significantly across these measures. An exploratory cluster analysis of communicator style provided a heuristic for future research.


This article explores certain ways in which international higher education institutions can be informed by decolonial approaches. The examination is based on the author's and other Latin American s...


Food, clothing, and shelter are the basic resources of human life. Food is the primary resource not only for human life but for all life that has appeared in this world. Tamils prepared and ate a wide variety of foods, both produced by specialised cultivators and uncultivated. The Sangam people were very fond of eating vegetarian food and meat. They also ate many kinds of alcoholic dishes. Our Tamils, who lived on food as medicine, lived on the basis of five land divisions, namely Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal, and Paalai. People living in their respective places used to enjoy cooked and uncooked food from the land. This article is intended to examine how the people of the five land classes based on the division of Tamil Nadu ate the food items available near their residences, not only grass but also meat food and types of wine, and the king's hospitality attribute.


In designing energy-efficient buildings, it is important not only to achieve well-balanced energy consumption but to also provide high parameters of indoor quality and thermal comfort, as well as to minimize environmental impact. Comprehensive analysis of many factors, such as thermal insulation, HVAC systems, eco-friendly materials, and sustainable architectural design, makes it possible to obtain such results. This research is devoted to some of the most important parameters, thermal insulation and ventilation, which have an effect on both the indoor air quality and the building's energy efficiency. This study focuses on energy consumption analyses in major cities of Baltic Sea region, including the cities of Riga, Tallinn, Helsinki, and Saint Petersburg. Currently, Saint Petersburg's regional construction market is significantly growing. That city's energy performance requirements are very different from Baltic countries with similar climatic conditions; the main reason for this discrepancy is the low price of fossil fuels. However, international leading construction companies are looking forward to implementing European Union best practices in Russia. The main goal of this study is to prove that the Baltic Sea region's energy-efficiency standards can be implemented in the Saint Petersburg region. This article provides a comparison of the country's requirements for building energy efficiency and how the application of different standards in combination with ventilation alternatives in each analyzed city affects annual energy consumption in the Saint Petersburg region. IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (ICE) 4.7 dynamic simulation software was used to evaluate each country's normative requirement effect on building energy consumption in different areas of the Baltic Sea region.


(2003) JAMA 289, 1833. Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. . Effects of Internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. . ; . : . –6 .

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 QUESTION: In patients at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is an internet behavioural counselling weight loss programme better than a basic internet weight loss programme for reducing weight?

Randomised {allocation concealed*}†, {unblinded*}†, controlled trial with 12 months of follow up.

A research centre in Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

92 overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] 27–40 kg/m2) patients (mean age 48 y, 90% women) with ≥1 other risk factor for type 2 diabetes, and access to a computer. Exclusion criteria were major health or psychiatric disease, pregnancy, or recent weight loss ≥4.5 kg. Follow up was 84% at 12 months; all patients were included in the analysis.

All patients received a 1 hour internet tutorial; a written guide; and a standard behavioural weight control instruction on diet, exercise, and behaviour change. Patients were allocated to …

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ABSTRACT A backward Euler difference scheme is formulated and analyzed for the integro-differential equations with the multi-term kernels. The convolution quadrature is used to deal with the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral terms. A fully discrete difference scheme is constructed with time derivative by backward Euler scheme and space discretization by standard central difference approximation. We prove the stability and convergence based on the nonnegative character of the real quadratic form. The and -norms stability and convergence are given. Finally, numerical experiments validate the theoretical results.


This work focuses on the identification of fractional commensurate order systems from non-uniformly sampled data. A novel scheme is proposed to solve such problem. In this scheme, the non-uniformly sampled data are first complemented by using fractional Laguerre generating functions. Then, the multivariable output error state space method is employed to identify the relevant system parameters. Moreover, an in-depth property analysis of the proposed scheme is provided. A numerical example is investigated to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Background C-type lectin receptor Mincle (also known as Clecsf9, Clec4e) is expressed by monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and involved in immune response to various infections. Recent reports showed elevated levels of Mincle in synovial fluid and PBMCs from RA patients and a linkage of Mincle polymorphisms to lower susceptibility of RA in humans (GuoJP et al 2011;Wu X. Y et al 2012). Objectives (I) To assess the expression of Mincle in inflamed paws in experimental arthritis. (II) To investigate the role of mincle deficiency in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, erosive arthritis by investigating mincle-/- mice in human tumor necrosis factor transgenic (hTNFtg) arthritis model and the K/BxN serum transfer model. Methods Expression levels of Mincle mRNA was determined in inflamed paws from hTNFtg and IL1-/-IL6-/-hTNFtg mice by qPCR. To study the role of mincle deficiency in experimental arthritis, we generated mincle-/-hTNFtg mice as well as their hTNFtg littermates. Mice were weekly assessed for clinical signs of arthritis from week 4 to 11 after birth. We quantitatively analysed inflammatory joint destruction in H&E, TRAP and TB stained sections from hind paws. The effect of mincledeficiency was also evaluated in the K/BxN serum transfer model. Therefore, mincle-/- and mincle+/+ mice received i.v. injections of K/BxN serum on day 1 and day 3. Animals were assessed from day1 to 12 for clinical signs of arthritis. Quantitative histopathological analysis were performed as above mentioned in hind paws. Results We found elevated mRNA expression levels of mincle in paw extracts from hTNFtg mice and reduced levels in IL1-/-IL6-/- hTNFtg mice. However, by generating mincle-/- hTNFtg mice, we found no marked difference in clinical course of arthritis compared to their hTNFtg littermates from week 5 to week 11 after birth. Moreover, histological analysis revealed similar extends in synovial inflammation, subchondral bone erosions and cartilage damage indicating that mincle is not essentially involved in the pathogenesis of TNF-mediated inflammatory, erosive arthritis. In addition, the transfer of K/BxN serum into mincle-/- animals revealed no significant difference in clinical signs compared to their mincle+/+ littermates. Likewise, we found no marked difference in the extend of synovial inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction in hind paws between mincle-/- and mincle+/+ animals. Conclusion Lacking of C-type lectin receptor mincle does not modulate the pathogenesis of T-cell independent, innate immunity driven arthritis models indicating that mincle is not essentially involved in innate immune responses in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.


that executive spending priorities might be revamped, as well as conservatives, who expected that federal deficits and spending would be reduced. Nevertheless the process has survived, and it has helped Congress to change its image of being fiscally irresponsible, and permitted budget decisions to be made in a more informed, responsible and independent manner. This is no mean feat at a time when the federal government as a whole is under increasing public pressure to produce more acceptable taxing and spending policies. For these and other reasons Havemann's study is timely, and deserves to be read widely, though one wonders if indeed this will be the case. It is expensive, and unhappily the positive qualities it possesses for the general reader weaken its utility to the specialist. For the latter it contains little that is new, being essentially a thorough summary of events to date. The footnotes are useful, but the bibliography is insubstantial, giving little guidance as to where to go to obtain a more detailed and in-depth appraisal of what is arguably the most important political innovation in Congress for several decades.


Hydrostatic power transmission systems with long transmission line between pump and motor have more complex dynamic behavior then normal. Moreover , including closed loop in such systems it demands that design must to be very careful in selection of control parameters and transmission line. The paper presents modeling and simulation analysis of dynamic behavior of servo hydrostatic power transmission system with long transmission line in frequency and time domen.


106 August 2007 The Microwave Measurements Technical Committee of the MTTS (MTT-11) promotes activities related to microwave measurement technology and science. One of its main vehicles of information dissemination for general IEEE Members is its Web page interface (http://www.mtt.org/committees/mtt-11/index.html), which is a valuable tool for any microwave engineer who needs to be informed about measurements of radio, high-speed electrical, and microwave quantities. The Web page contains several important types of information for the IEEE community; for instance, a milestone paper Web page found here allows the reader to navigate through several important IEEE papers that are fundamental research works in the field and have revolutionized their area. Most of the referred papers have a direct link to IEEE Xplore (http:// ieeexplore.ieee.org), so that the reader can immediately download the paper from the net if he or she is an IEEE Member. This manner of presenting key technical material could reduce the time needed for research if the engineer is searching for a quick introduction to a given area. The Web page also has an area dedicated to the members of the committee. There it is possible to find contact information for the members, each of whom is considered an expert in his or her area. Thus, the reader can quickly find someone who could help with specific measurement issues on a given topic. This is further complemented by a page dedicated to our Speakers Bureau list, where the interested reader can learn about our appointed speakers and the talks they are presenting. At the time of this writing, MTT-11 has three speakers appointed: Dr. Jan Verspecht [Jan Verspecht bvba] and Prof. Andrea Ferrero [Politecnico di Torino], who are presenting a talk devoted to "Nonlinear Microwave Measurements: From Power Meters to Large-Signal Network Analyzers," and Dr. Michael Janezic [NIST], whose talk is devoted to "HighFrequency Measurements of Dielectric Substrate Materials." It is also possible to see and hear the talk of MTT Distinguished Microwave Lecturer [2004–2006] Doug Rytting related to "Calibration and Error Correction Techniques for Network Analysis." This talk is now available to all net surfers in video streaming format. Other pages on the Web site lead us to the most important conferences worldwide devoted to microwave measurements, and we also have links devoted to international institutions related to measurements. Nuno Borges Carvalho is with the Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal. The MTT home page


An empirical study on laser beam welding of T-joints in 6 mm structural steel has been investigated. The role of power density on formation of the weld geometry and resulting microstructures has been studied. Autogenous laser beam welding is seldom the first choice in production floor environment over laser-arc hybrid welding because of high sensitivity to joint gap fluctuations. Without alloying elements of filler wire, the microstructure of the joint is dependent only on the thermal cycle of the process. Exceptional brightness of high power fiber laser beam and process stability at high power levels open new possibilities for beam manipulation. The use of processing lenses with long focal length for vastly improved depth of field allows to avoid damage to optical components. Altering the spot size on the surface is simple and straightforward method for controlling the energy input and power density of the beam. Likewise, changing the beam delivery fiber to suit certain application is also a cost efficient solution for beam manipulation compared to change of the welding head. In this study, a 10 kW fiber laser equipped with optical fibers having 200 µm and 600 µm core diameters was used to produce full penetration T-joints in horizontal position. The welding process was observed with high speed camera to study the effect of beam power density on the process stability, formation of the weld profile and quality of the welds. The cooling rate was measured from both sides of the weld and microstructural evolution of the joints is then characterized. The data obtained aims to contribute to existing knowledge base and to broaden the application areas of autogenous laser welding.


A number of issues have arisen from the publication of Becoming Modern by Inkeles and Smith. This paper raises each issue in turn and attempts to support the major assertions of that study. Included are the reasons for studying the individual, the role of personality characteristics, the personal features of modernity, the universality and empirical status of the concept, some sources of individual modernity, relationships between modernity, stress, and alienation, the contrast between modernity and traditionalism, and the consequences of individual modernity for one's society.


Context
Low back pain (LBP) is a painful pathology causing pain and disability despite treatment with the best evidence-based therapies. Osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) and Kaltenborn-Evjenth orthopedic manual therapy (KEOMT) are alternative treatments for LBP.

Objective
The study intended to evaluate the efficacy of OMT compared to that of KEOMT for patients with chronic LBP.

Design
The research team designed a randomized study.

Setting
The study was held at the Medita Health Center in Warsaw, Poland.

Participants
The study included 68 participants of both genders, aged 30 to 60, with chronic LBP.

Intervention
Participants were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups, each with 34 members. The OMT group received, as a direct technique, a high-velocity/low-amplitude (HVLA) impulse, and as indirect techniques, strain counterstrain (SCS), myofascial release (MFR), and visceral mobilization therapy (VMT). The KEOMT group received lumbar segmental traction and lumbar segmental mobilization-flexion and gliding therapy grade 3. The participants in both groups received 10 treatments, two per week for five weeks.

Outcome Measures
The primary outcome was pain severity, using a numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). The secondary outcome was measurement of functional disability, using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

Results
The OMT and KEOMT both decreased pain and disability; however, the changes on the NPRS and ODI postintervention were statistically greater for the OMT group compared to the KEOMT group (P < .05).

Conclusions
OMT was better at reducing pain and improving quality of life. It reduced functional disability more than KEOMT in patients with chronic LBP.


In order to improve the real-time performance and reliability of modern remote monitoring systems,and promote the intelligence and informatization of industrial monitering systems,an overall design scheme of the remote monitoring system based on GPRS(general packet radio data service) is adopted.GPRS is the multiple business collection which takes the modes of the end-to-end grouping transmission and exchange to send and receive high-speed data,low-speed data and signaling for the users.It plays a very important role in power system,oil exploration,water conservancy,transportation and other fields.


Enterprise application integration(EAI) is the main technology to eliminate information-island and to realize business-to-business service.BOM(bill of material) information plays a key role in EAI.The paper puts forward a suggestion to take advantage of web service and XML technology to express BOM and make it shared among applications seamlessly.The solution has due innovation and practical value.


Electoral participation is one of the important pillars of any country's development. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of the effect of social justice on electoral participation. For this purpose, Inglehart and Milbrath theories were used as a theoretical framework. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included young people aged 15 to 40 in the cities of Mazandaran province. Multi-stage cluster sampling method and sample size based on Cochran's formula is 384 people. The measuring instrument has formal validity and the Cronbach's alpha value of the independent variable is 0.82 and the dependent variable is 0.77, indicating that the correlation and internal alignment between the items related to the variables is appropriate and acceptable. The results show that the average turnout is above average, equal to 2.34. There is a positive and direct relationship between social justice and the level of electoral participation with a correlation of 0.522. Electoral participation will increase if social justice is increased. We can also see a positive relationship between the components of social justice and electoral participation. Among the dimensions of social justice, the dimension of distributive justice has the highest correlation with electoral participation. Regression analysis shows that 27.4% of changes in political participation depend on social justice. In order to increase electoral participation in society, more attention should be paid to social justice and raising its indicators and components, especially distributive justice.


The objectives of this study were to determine the limitations of Hydra soil moisture probes (Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Inc., Oregon, U.S.A.) for use in Antarctica and to describe the soil moisture regimes of soils located at Scott Base, Marble Point and in the Wright Valley. Laboratory and field experiments were undertaken to compare Hydra probe soil moisture measurements with gravimetric soil moisture measurements. Once the limitations of the probes were determined Hydra probe data from three Antarctic sites over three years were analysed. Laboratory and field experiments showed that soil temperature, texture, and salinity all influenced the soil moisture results recorded by the Hydra probes. The interacting effects of soil texture, temperature and salinity were found to be generally within the ±3% limit of accuracy of the Hydra probe stated by the manufacturers. Up to five soil-moistening events were identified each summer at Scott Base and Marble Point, while in the Wright Valley soil-moistening was detected once, by one sensor, over three summers. Maximum volumetric liquid soil moisture contents of 23% at Scott Base, 32% at Marble Point, and 6% in the Wright Valley were recorded. At the 2 cm depth, the liquid soil moisture was >5% for a cumulative average of 860 hours each summer at Scott Base, 1 hour in the Wright Valley, and 310 hours at Marble Point. The drying period following soil-moistening for surface soils (2-5 cm depth) was about 6 days, which was extended to about 12 days when freeze-thaw cycles were occurring.


An overview of the hurricane hazard model, terrain model, wind pressure, and windborne debris models used in the HAZUS-MH hurricane model is presented. These models represent the first three of five major component models used in HAZUS for the prediction of damage and loss to buildings subjected to hurricanes. The five model components are the hurricane hazard model, terrain model, wind load model, physical damage model, and loss model. These models have been validated, wherever possible, through the use of historical data for landfalling hurricanes, wind tunnel test results, field observations of hurricane induced damage and insurance loss data. The HAZUS hurricane model represents an advancement in the state-of-the-art over other hurricane loss prediction models in that it estimates wind induced loads, building response, damage and loss, rather than simply using historical loss data to model loss as a function of wind speed.


In EL mice, ictogenesis has been established at around 10 weeks of age, whereas epileptogenesis will be established through experience of repetitive seizures during development. It is suggested that an "abnormal neural plasticity" may play a crucial role in the establishment of ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, and therefore, can be a potential target for the development of a new pharmacotherapy to the epilepsy. Recently, antiapototic, proapoptotic factors and neurotrophic factors are suggested to play a key role not only in the cell survival but also in the epileptogenesis. In the brain of EL, DNA fragmentation without cell loss was observed in the parietal cortex and hippocampus which play the key role in the seizure initiation and generalization respectively. To investigate the role of antiapototic, proapoptotic factors and neurotrophic factors in the ictogenesis and epileptogenesis in EL mice brain, developmental changes of these factors are determined. METHODS Proapoptotic Bax, antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and BclXL, Neurotrophic factors; Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) , Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) were semiquantitatively analyzed by using Western Blot and NIH image with macros and compared with those of control DDY.


In this work we explore the possibility of variations in the primordial scalar power spectrum around the power-law shape, as predicted by single-field slow-roll inflationary scenarios. We search for a trace of these fluctuations in a semiblind, model-independent way in observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky. In particular, we use two sets of perturbation patterns, specific patterns with typical features such as oscillations, bumps, and transitions, as well as perturbation modes, constructed from eigenanalysis of the forecasted or measured covariance of perturbation parameters. These modes, in principle, span the parameter space of all possible perturbations to the primordial spectrum and, when rank ordered, the ones with the highest detectability would suffice to explore the constrainable features around the power-law spectrum in a data-driven (and not theoretically biased) manner. With Planck measurements of CMB anisotropies, the amplitudes of all perturbation patterns considered in this work are found to be consistent with zero. This finding confirms, in the absence of theoretical biases, the consistency of the Planck data with the assumption of a power-law inflationary pattern for the primordial spectrum.


We present a scheme that produces a conditionally prepared state that can be used for a Bell test based on homodyne detection. The state is near optimal for Bell-inequality violations based on quadrature-phase homodyne measurements that use correlated photon-number states. The scheme utilizes a Gaussian entanglement distillation protocol and uses only beam splitters and photodetection to conditionally prepare a non-Gaussian state from a source of two-mode squeezed states with low squeezing parameter. Bell's theorem is regarded by some as one of the most profound discoveries of science in the 20th century. Not only does it provide a quantifiable measure of correlations stronger than any allowed classically, which is a key resource in many quantum-information processing applications, it also addresses fundamental questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics. In 1964, Bell quantified Bohm's version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen EPR gedanken experiment by introducing an inequality that provides a test of local hidden variable LHV models 1. A violation of Bell's inequality forces one to conclude that, contrary to the view held by EPR, quantum mechanics cannot be both local and real. In order to experimentally support this conclusion in a strict sense, a Bell test that is free from loopholes is required. Although it is still quite remarkable that such seemingly metaphysical questions can even be put to the test in the laboratory, a loophole-free Bell test has yet to be achieved. For more than three decades, numerous experiments have confirmed the predictions of the quantum theory, thereby disproving local realistic models as providing a correct description of physical reality 2. However, all experiments performed to date suffer from at least one of the two primary loopholes: the detection loophole and the locality loophole. The detection loophole arises due to low detector efficiencies that may not permit an adequate sampling of the ensemble space while the locality loophole suggests that component parts of the experimental apparatus that are not spacelike separated could influence each other. The majority of Bell tests have used optical systems to measure correlations, some achieving spacelike separations but still subjected to lowefficiency photodetectors see, e.g., Ref. 3. Correlations in the properties of entangled ions were shown to violate a Bell inequality using high-efficiency detectors, eliminating the detection loophole; however, the ions were not spacelike separated 4. A major challenge that has yet to be achieved is to experimentally realize a single Bell test that closes these loopholes. The ease with which optical setups address the locality loophole coupled with the currently achievable high efficiencies 0.95 of homodyne detectors makes Bell tests using quadrature-phase measurements good candidates for a loophole-free experiment. Furthermore, continuous quadrature amplitudes are the optical analog of position and momentum and more closely resemble the original state considered by EPR. Unlike photon counting experiments which deal with the microscopic resolution of a small number of photons, by mixing the signal with a strong field, homodyne measurements allow one to detect a macroscopic current 5. In this Brief Report, we propose a test of Bell inequalities using homodyne detection on a conditional non-Gaussian "source" state, prepared using only passive optics and photon detection. Events are preselected—using event-ready detection one knows with certainty that the desired source state has been produced—requiring no post-processing. Photon detectors are only used in the preselection process and only affect the probability of successfully creating the source state whereas the actual correlation measurements are performed using high-efficiency homodyne detectors. The source is a correlated photon-number state that is near optimal for Bell tests using homodyne detection, opening the possibility of a conclusive, loophole-free test. We consider a two-mode quantum state of light that can be written as


Elongation factor G (EF‐G) plays a crucial role in two stages of mRNA‐(tRNA)2 translocation. First, EF‐G•GTP enters the pre‐translocational ribosome in its intersubunit‐rotated state, with tRNAs in their hybrid (P/E and A/P) positions. Second, a conformational change in EF‐G's Domain IV induced by GTP hydrolysis disengages the mRNA‐anticodon stem‐loops of the tRNAs from the decoding center to advance relative to the small subunit when the ribosome undergoes a backward inter‐subunit rotation. These events take place as EF‐G undergoes a series of large conformational changes as visualized by cryo‐EM and X‐ray studies. The number and variety of these structures leave open many questions on how these different configurations form during the dynamic translocation process. To understand the molecular mechanism of translocation, we examined the molecular motions of EF‐G in solution by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show: (1) rotations of the super‐domain formed by Domains III–V with respect to the super‐domain formed by I–II, and rotations of Domain IV with respect to Domain III; (2) flexible conformations of both 503‐ and 575‐loops; (3) large conformational variability in the bound form caused by the interaction between Domain V and the GTPase‐associated center; (4) after GTP hydrolysis, the Switch I region seems to be instrumental for effecting the conformational change at the end of Domain IV implicated in the disengagement of the codon‐anticodon helix from the decoding center. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We study the local behavior of special cycles on Shimura varieties for $\mathbf{U}(2, 1) \times \mathbf{U}(1, 1)$ in the setting of the Gan-Gross-Prasad conjectures at primes $\tau$ of the totally real field of definition of the unitary spaces which are split in the corresponding totally imaginary quadratic extension. We establish a local formula for their fields of definition, and prove a distribution relation between the Galois and Hecke actions on them. This complements work of \cite{jetchev:unitary} at inert primes, where the combinatorics of the formulas are reduced to calculations on the Bruhat--Tits trees, which in the split case must be replaced with higher-dimensional buildings.


The study Sex- and gender-sensitive prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in older adults in Germany, the GendAge study, focusses on major risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and on the development of major outcomes from intermediate phenotypes in the context of biological sex and gender differences. It is based on a re-investigation of participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). The Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) is aiming at identifying factors that distinguish healthy from unhealthy ageing and completed baseline assessments in 2,200 adult volunteers (1,600 participants aged 60-80 years and 600 participants aged 20-35 years) in 2014. The BASE-II follow-up assessments of 1,100 men and women aged 65-94 years in 2018-2020 were part of GendAge. In addition to re-assessing most baseline measures (geriatrics, internal medicine, immunology and psychology) we implemented a comprehensive gender questionnaire covering socio-cultural gender characteristics and added high-quality echocardiography.


This regulatory comment argues that EC policy-makers have tried to make equiproportional representation nearly an aphorism tied to corporate egalitarian sentiments but that the proposal fails to justify the move as a value-enhancing technique for EU corporate governance.


Objective To examine the effectiveness of progestin re-treatment for recurrent endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AH) and endometrial cancer (EC) following initial fertility-sparing treatment. Methods A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by an Expert Panel of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology Endometrial Cancer Committee. Multiple search engines, including PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database, were searched in December 2021 using the keywords "Endometrial neoplasms," "Endometrial hyperplasia," "Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia," "Fertility preservation," "Progestins," AND "Recurrence." Cases describing progestin re-treatment for recurrent EIN, AH and EC were compared with cases that underwent conventional hysterectomy. The primary outcomes were survival and disease recurrence, and the secondary outcome was pregnancy. Results After screening 238 studies, 32 with results for recurrent treatment were identified. These studies included 365 patients (270 received progestin re-treatment and 95 underwent hysterectomy). Most progestin re-treatment involved medroxyprogesterone acetate or megestrol acetate (94.5%). Complete remission (CR) following progestin re-treatment was achieved in 219 (81.1%) cases, with 3-, 6- and 9-month cumulative CR rates of 22.8%, 51.7% and 82.6%, respectively. Progestin re-treatment was associated with higher risk of disease recurrence than conventional hysterectomy was (odds ratio [OR]=6.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.99–23.10), and one patient (0.4%) died of disease. Fifty-one (14.0%) women became pregnant after recurrence, and progestin re-treatment demonstrated a possibility of pregnancy (OR=2.48; 95% CI=0.94–6.58). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that repeat progestin therapy is an effective option for women with recurrent EIN, AH and EC, who wish to retain their fertility.


Filtering and search mechanisms which permit to identify key bibliographic references are fundamental for researchers. In this paper we propose a fully automatic and semantic method for filtering/searching bibliographic data, which allows users to look for information by specifying simple keyword queries or document queries, i.e. by simply submitting existing documents to the system. The limitations of standard techniques, based on either syntactical text search and on manually assigned descriptors, are overcome by considering the semantics intrinsically associated to the document/query terms; to this aim, we exploit different kinds of external knowledge sources (both general and specific domain dictionaries or thesauri). The proposed techniques have been developed and successfully tested for agricultural bibliographic data, which play a central role to enable researchers and policy makers to retrieve related agricultural and scientific information by using the AGROVOC thesaurus.


The principle is accepted both in theoretical and practical circles in China.The writer puts forward the applicable limitation of the priority principle of public law with respect of the impact of the priority principle of public laws on maritime lien,possessory lien on vessel,mortgage on vessel and wishes that it will have some significance in related legislation and solve related practical problems.


There are four directions of current basic education curriculum reform in China which are mixed and intricate: international vision and new curriculum rationale,double-basic and local as well as all-round development and competence-oriented education.Each has its correctness and shortcomings. In term of shortcomings,the first is inclined a little to the Right,the second is inclined slightly to the Left,the third is abstract and empty,and the fourth is shallow and broad. Unifying the four directions into one is the only way to overcome those defects and to form one correct and perfect direction for curriculum reform.


We have earlier proposed
models of preformed hole pairs based on the results of our electron paramagnetic
resonance experiments. A hole doped in a cuprate superconductor causes ferromagnetic
alignment of the spins of the holes of 4 Cu2+ ions of the plaquette
(CuO)4 in which it enters. Spin alignments undergo oscillations from
vertically upward to vertically downward of the CuO2 plane. Vertical
projections of spins go on changing when they pass through different plaquettes
going to zero when they pass through the CuO2 plane. Ferromagnetic
alignments of spins produce magnetic fields on the plane proportional to their
vertical projections. When two holes travelling in CuO2 plane come
across each other at a certain distance between them, they are attracted towards
each other by Heisenberg exchange interaction and their path is decided by the
magnetic field produced due to spin alignments. Their path is similar to 3dx2 - y2 atomic orbital. Y-123 has been chosen as an example. Due to plethora of
evidence of antiferromagnetic fluctuations in cuprates, hole-pair formation has
been tried in Y-123 assuming antiferromagnetic fluctuations in it. It has been
found that hole-pair formation in spite of AFM fluctuations can be explained on
the same lines as done earlier. Hole-pair formation was tried in Tl-2201 to
test whether the same rules apply in cuprates with very high coherence lengths.
Coherence length in Tl-2201 = 52 Å, whereas in Y-123 = 15 20 Å in CuO2 plane. It has been reported that in Tl-2201 the CuO2 plane is very
flat and smooth. From this it was concluded that high coherence length is the
result of the smoothness of the plane. Further it was concluded that the
smoothness of the CuO2 plane depends upon the nature of the near neighbors
of the CuO2 plane. Near neighbors of Y-123 and Tl-2201 have been
compared.


Thank you for downloading medical geology effects of geological environments on human health. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this medical geology effects of geological environments on human health, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


s in English Judit Kapás – Pál Czeglédi: Economic freedom and the process of economic growth: An empirical analysis based on a new measure This paper, relying on a conceptualization of economic freedom in terms of kinds of government actions, develops a new measure of economic freedom. However, this is not art for art's sake; instead, it allows us to provide an explanation for how particular institutions of economic freedom enhance economic development, a view upon which scholars agree. We develop two concepts related to economic freedom, namely the freedom-compatible and freedom-non-compatible institutions and use them as tools in an analysis of the process of economic growth, especially the relationship between economic freedom and long-run income. The major argument is that freedom-compatible institutions are primary determinants of income, while freedom-non-compatible institutions depend upon them and are partly the outcomes of the growth process itself, a fact which is explained by the Misesian theory of interventionism. Our regression analyses support our theoretical insights. JEl classification: B53, H10, O10