Background: Reports of water exchange (We) colonoscopy did not describe complications, but the safety of the We method has not been critically evaluated. Aim: We report the vital signs, cardiac rhythm and serum electrolyte levels before and after large volume water exchange. Unsedated patients are chosen for evaluation to avoid the confounding effects of sedation medications. Patient and method: patients in two randomized controlled trials (RcT) comparing the use of air insufflations (AI) vs. We method for unsedated colonoscopy without missing data of interest were identified. Study 1: patients' vital signs and cardiac rhythm before (immediately before insertion of the colonoscope into the rectum) and after (immediately after removal of the colonoscope from the rectum) colonoscopy were tabulated. Study 2: In patients who agreed to have pre and post colonoscopy electrolyte evaluation, blood samples (2 mL each) were drawn within 5 to 10 min before and after colonoscopy for measuring the serum Na+ and K+ levels. Results: Study 1: There were no significant differences in vital signs before and after colonoscopy in either the AI or We group. All patients were in normal sinus rhythm before and after the colonoscopy. Study 2: There were no significant differences between the serum Na+ and K+ before and after colonoscopy in either the AI or We group. Conclusion: Vital signs, cardiac rhythm and serum electrolyte levels are well preserved after large volume We in the colonic lumen. The We method is a safe modality in these regards.


Thermal decomposition process was introduced to prepare rare earth(Dy,Nd,Eu and Gd) doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes.Taking phenol as model organics,the properties of electrocatalytic degradation of the organic were evaluated.Cyclic voltammetry(CV) of the prepared electrocatalytic electrodes was tested in 500 mg/L phenol solution,and the oxidation peak of 4.46 mA/cm2 was achieved for Nd doped Ti/SnO2-Sb(Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd) electrode.The Tafel curves were tested in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution.The results exhibit that the oxygen evolution potentials of Dy,Nd,Eu and Gd doped Ti/SnO2-Sb electrodes are 2.293,2.313,2.277 and 2.263(vs.Ag/AgCl),respectively.The behaviors for catalytic degradation of phenol obtained by electrodes correspond to those obtained by CV and Tafel curves,which indicates that the electrochemical technique can be applied to evaluate the electrocatalytic oxidation performance of electrodes.


For millennia access to tangible cultural artifacts like sculpture and paintings was determined by those possessing these objects. Their owners determined who could view these works, and certainly who could copy them through casting and other methods requiring extensive, and even physical, contact with the objects. The development of photography profoundly challenged such control, particularly over cultural artifacts that are primarily two-dimensional, like drawings and frescos. Today, anyone with an iPhone can, for example, capture within seconds, and having no contact whatever with the originals, excellent images of the stained glass of Sainte-Chappelle or paintings by Leonardo at the Louvre. The more recent development and accessibility of 3D scan and print technologies has made possible similar capture and replication of three-dimensional cultural works like sculpture, pottery, and monuments. This chapter examines how 3D technology has challenged the erstwhile control over access and copying once held by owners of three-dimensional cultural artifacts, including some of the most venerable like the Sphinx of Giza, or Michelangelo's David, which have never enjoyed protection as works of intellectual property. We consider how 3D technology fosters an understanding of public domain three-dimensional cultural artifacts primarily as expressions of information and knowledge that should be universally and freely accessible and reproducible, not as objects owned by a particular individual or population, but as artifacts of humanity.


Often, assembly line planning is exclusively associated with balancing, i.e., the distribution of tasks among workers. However, products are becoming more complex due to customization and accumulating part variants. The assembly line feeding problem aims to support managing this complexity by determining part provision, e.g., whether parts are sequenced or supplied in bulk. However, feeding decisions affect picking times and thus operators' workloads. Hence, we integrate assembly line balancing and feeding to minimize overall costs while maintaining a highly productive assembly system.


Globally, the youth population group has been regarded as one of the most vulnerable population categories as they are exposed to a wide range of risk behaviors, challenges and stigma [1]. Regardless of the fact, that they are the future of our society and that having a better insight about the problems affecting them will improve their health & rights, most of the community leaders are extremely reluctant to discuss about the issues (viz. unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, gender inequality, acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, etc.) and thus youth have to bear the brunt of the eventual consequences [1-3]. In addition, high rates of youth unemployment and violation of human rights have been observed in heterogeneous settings [2,3].


The worldwide Coronavirus pandemic has resulted in a worldwide scientific goldrush aimed at identifying, characterizing, diagnosing, treating and eventually preventing the spread of COVID-19. Researchers everywhere seem to have hastily dropped their own current projects in lieu of the timelier and perhaps more lucrative focus. Unfortunately, this scramble for solutions under extremely extenuating circumstances, can come at the expense of organized responses employing reliable scientific methodologies and comprehensive data collections. Thus, although pandemic science has advanced substantially because of this extraordinary and unprecedented concerted effort, there still may have been a squandering of limited time, money, facilities and data collection opportunities on potentially redundant and overlapping ventures. This is especially problematic in pharmaceutical research where similar drug studies are vying for the same limited groups of patients (London and Kimmelman 2020). Expanded Access (EA) programs worldwide provide compassionate use exceptions to cohorts of patients who are unable, for a variety of reasons, to join an ongoing pharmaceutical trial and still receive an investigational drug prior to its final approval. Broad application of EA programs can create even more missed scientific opportunities, as participants, drugs, money and data are shunted away from standard clinical trials to less formalized crises-driven EA programs. The FDA's system of expanded access, enacted in 1987 arguably in response to the AIDS epidemic, sought to codify the long-standing ad hoc system that had allowed investigational drugs to be provided for treatment to seriously ill patients (Zoffer 2019). Per 21 CFR 312.300 et seq, the FDA was tasked with facilitating "the availability of such drugs to patients with serious diseases or conditions when there is no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy to diagnose, monitor, or treat the patient's disease or condition." If preconditions are met, then the FDA can allow for even widespread distribution prior to market approval of the drug. (21 CFR 312.320) There have been numerous instances where thousands of patients were provided investigational drugs prior to their final approval (Young et al. 1988). Notably while the FDA has created a clear regulatory pathway for emergency and compassionate access to investigational drugs, there is no constitutional right to compel access to said pharmaceuticals, even for terminally ill patients (Abigail Alliance v. von Eschenbach 2008). Regulatory bodies cannot force drug manufacturers to provide an often costly and scarce drug, especially at the expense of their parallel clinical trials. Further some manufactures may fear both the repercussions to their subsequent new drug application (NDA) as well as bad PR given the probability of poor patient outcomes. Historically, the former fear has been unfounded; there have been less than a handful of cases where an EA program had a negative effect on the drug labeling (Jarow and Moscicki 2017). The FDA approves more than 98% of the around a thousand per year expanded access requests (Mckee


This classic American drama tells the story of the Youngers, a family that must struggle with their own inner divisions, in addition to the racist attitudes of society at large, as they move into their dream house in a community unwelcoming to African Americans. Complete with an introduction by literary critic Harold Bloom, this new title in the "Bloom's Guides" series also features an annotated bibliography and a list of other works by the author.


We report Venus image observations around the two maximum elongations of the planet at 2015 June and October. From these images we describe the global atmospheric dynamics and cloud morphology in the planet before the arrival of JAXA's Akatsuki mission on 2015 December 7. The majority of the images were acquired at ultraviolet wavelengths (380–410 nm) using small telescopes. The Venus dayside was also observed with narrowband filters at other wavelengths (890 nm, 725–950 nm, 1.435 μm CO2 band) using the instrument PlanetCam-UPV/EHU at the 2.2 m telescope in Calar Alto Observatory. In all cases, the lucky imaging methodology was used to improve the spatial resolution of the images over the atmospheric seeing. During the April–June period, the morphology of the upper cloud showed an irregular and chaotic texture with a well-developed equatorial dark belt (afternoon hemisphere), whereas during October–December the dynamical regime was dominated by planetary-scale waves (Y-horizontal, C-reversed, and ψ-horizontal features) formed by long streaks, and banding suggesting more stable conditions. Measurements of the zonal wind velocity with cloud tracking in the latitude range from 50°N to 50°S shows agreement with retrievals from previous works.


This paper reports the first part of a year‐long evaluation of an attempt to embed the use of IT within a Postgraduate Certificate of Education in Science with Technology. The paper outlines the context of the study, and presents the initial survey conducted during the first eight weeks of the 38 week course. The survey indicated a wide divergence in the experiences of the students on entry to the course and that the main barriers to the use of IT were time and access.


Acute esophageal necrosis is a rare event. This disease is defined as a diffuse blackened aspect of the esophagus observed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy associated with the histopathological findings of necrosis of the esophageal mucosa. In this article we make the report of a masculine 80 year-old patient who was admitted with upper digestive bleeding in the "Arnaldo Milian Castro" Hospital in Santa Clara. He was diagnosed with an acute esophageal necrosis. After the indication of medical treatment the patient had a satisfactory clinical course and he was discharged from the institution.


Abstract : From a study of peripheral interactions wherein a negative pion of 12 or 18 Gev/c incident on a nucleon produced a pair of high-momentum pions, the pion-pion s-wave interaction was deduced. A pion-pion cross section falling smoothly from 50 mb (300 MeV) to 20 mb (600 MeV) was observed. The forward-backward assymmetry was negative for low dipion masses. (Author)


We are developing a dual modality breast scanner that can obtain X-ray transmission and gamma ray emission images in succession at multiple viewing angles with the breast held under mild compression. These views are then reconstructed and fused to obtain three-dimensional images that combine structural and functional information. Here we describe the dual modality system and present results of phantom experiments designed to test the system's ability to obtain volumetric dual modality data sets from a limited number of projections, acquired over a limited (less than 180 degrees) angular range.


In recent years,the content of heavy metals in sediments has been evaluated as an important indicator of water environment,the analytic technique of multi-element of heavy metals in sediments is imminent. In view of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry( ICP-OES),inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) and X ray fluorescence spectrometry( XRF) which have some advantages,such as the results of the simultaneous determination of various heavy metals,low detection limit,accurate analysis etc,combined with the domestic and overseas standards concerning sediment methods and the research results of ICP-OES /XRF /ICP-MS in sediments,the method system of the analysis of heavy metals in sediments of rivers and lakes should be improved as soon as possible to meet the demands of environmental monitoring at different levels and different area.


In this paper we present the UNRAVEL toolkit: It implements many of the recently published works on decipherment, including decipherment for deterministic ciphers like e.g. the ZODIAC-408 cipher and Part two of the BEALE ciphers, as well as decipherment of probabilistic ciphers and unsupervised training for machine translation. It also includes data and example configuration files so that the previously published experiments are easy to reproduce.


Tumors of adrenal origin may be derived from the cortex or the medulla, which depends on the type of functionality that can be developed. Adrenal masses have varying styles. With the development of new technologies in imaging studies, as well as their increased use, incidental disease has increased. The incidental discovery of an adrenal tumor does not mean lack of functionality. The activity follows the functioning tumors incurred glucocorticoid hormone overproduction, mineralocorticoids sexosteroids and catecholamines. All adrenal tumors should be studied independently of the size of the lesion. The surgical indication for adrenal tumors is based primarily on functionality and the risk of malignancy. In adrenocortical carcinomas can be considered, on the one hand, the classic and conventional treatment and, secondly, the new alternatives that are designed today.


IN TilE YEARS preceding 1940 the maternal mortality rate was very high and, after puerperal infection, one of the most important causes of death in association with childbirth was uterine haemorrhage, Not infrequently girls in their 'teens or twenties died from postpartum haemorrhage and at this time I described such a case in some detail, Some of these patients died in hospital, some at home, and some in the ambulance on their way to hospital. Only too many deaths came into the latter category and patients were brought into the hospital dead from haemorrhage, either having been put into the ambulance when critically ill or having had a ' flooding' during transit. As early as 1929, Doctor (now Emeritus Professor) E. Farquhar Murray, of Newcastle upon Tyne, advocated the introduction of an Obstetric Emergency Service in large industrial areas. He said, cc There are too many conditions in which, instead of rushing a shocked and collapsed patient to hospital for nursing and specialist aid, the specialist and nurse should be rushed to the patient." Elsewhere, he stated, z ; During the past year a number of patients have died within a few minutes, or at most in an hour or two, of their arrival at the maternity hospital, from conditions such as shock or loss of blood due to varying complications which certainly would have had a better chance of recovery had this emergency service been available. " In September, 1935, such a service was inaugurated in Newcastle largely due to the initiative and sustained efforts of Dr. Murray. The service was designed primarily for the treatment of patients suffering from postpartum haemorrhage and collapse in their own homes or in small maternity units in county hospitals. I t was, however, soon expanded to cover a wide range of obstetric emergencies. The present service is organized and equipped to deal with practically any acute obstetric emergency in the home or outlying maternity unit. It will cover any such emergency when the general practitioner in charge considers the patient unfit to travel by ambulance to hospital, As Stabler pointed out (B.M.A. Annual Meeting, 1957) 75 per cent of all calls are to cases of postpartum haemorrhage, but the remaining 25 per cent of cases cover many diverse obstetric complications. The service has been used for blond transfusion, manual removal of retained placenta, forceps and breech delivery, internal version, paracentesis capitis and caesarean section and for dealing with abortal haemorrhage, impacted malpresenting or deformed foetus, partially delivered foetus, failed forceps, failed internal version, ruptured uterus, cclarnpsia, diabetic coma in labour and acute inversion of the uterus as well as postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta. Caesarean sections have been carried out in small maternity hospitals or in the Princess Mary Maternity HospitaL The precise nature of the problems likely to be encountered on arrival at the house cannot be foretold with certainty before the departure of the squad from the hospital. The squad has been called on 12 occasions to cases of acute inversion of the uterus and, in nearly all cases, the' telephone diagnosis' has been postpartum haemorrhage or obstetric shock.


This work describes a practical method of acquisition of experimental data characterizing the motion of the shaft of a four strokes internal combustion engine. In addition, the data are analyzed with LabVIEW. A solution is given to compensate the oscillations of the rotation motion of the shaft, and render it uniform, which can be extended to other applications. First, a mathematical model of the used engine was realized. Next, using the model, a theoretical characteristic, plottable, of the motor torque and of the oscillations of our real engine was deducted. The theoretical inherent model was used for the identification and evaluation of a practical compensating solution. The measurements made in the running regime, on the simulation stand, at different rotations and torque values of the loads, with the LabVIEW system, have allowed the comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical model and the quality assessment of the adopted solution adopted to compensate irregularities.


Abstract : The objectives of this research were to (1) develop man-machine multi-axis analytical models for predicting weapon delivery accuracy for piloted aircraft and (2) use the analytical models, the Terminal Aerial Weapon Delivery Simulation (TAWDS) computer programs, to determine the effects of aircraft flying qualities on air-to-air gunnery and air-to-ground gunnery and bombing effectiveness. The TAWDS programs enable a digital simulation to be performed on various closed loop weapon delivery systems under manual tracking control for predicting and evaluating weapon delivery accuracy. The TAWDS method of determining and establishing flight control system requirements for weapon delivery has been demonstrated. A set of flying qualities characteristics which provides improved tracking capability and increased weapon delivery effectiveness for fighter aircraft was determined using the TAWDS analysis programs. This set of flying qualities is recommended for inclusion into MIL-F- 8785B as a guideline for design of fighter aircraft flying qualities characteristics to assure a high probability of kill for these aircraft performing tactical weapon delivery. It is also recommended that the TAWDS methodology, which computes probability of kill (a direct function of weapon impact error statistics and target vulnerability), be considered for MIL-F8785B as an evaluation measure of merit for determining weapon effectiveness of fighter aircraft performing weapon delivery.


What force drives the opening of buds in the spring? It is an axiom of plant physiology that the negative water potential of the atmosphere pulls up water to the top of even the tallest tree: but through the leaves. What, then, unfurls the leaves? An event that might, to a naturalist, seem related is the rising of sap in the spring. Here I highlight some of the observations of WS Clark on the subject, and outline subsequent advances in our understanding of sap movement. I conclude that there is more than one mechanism behind sap flow; and that while rising sap may drive bud burst in some plants, it does not seem to in all, or even most of them. Knowledge of bud opening mechanisms seems surprisingly limited, given the resonance of the onset of spring for so many millions of our listening public. But then perhaps we don't do science for them? A research programme based on 'Spring Strains' by William Carlos Williams may be the answer.


A novel Acousto-Optical imaging Spectrometer (AOS) was developed with unique features that make it attractive for different applications and fundamental investigations in atomic spectroscopy. Spatial resolution of the AOS is approximately 125 μm. Spectral resolution varies from 0.05 nm to 0.3 nm (full width at half maximum, FWHM) between 250 nm and 800 nm, respectively. Time resolution is 5 ns. Thus, the constructed AOS provides enough spatial, spectral and time resolution for applications in glow discharge imaging spectroscopy. Fast switching between different spectral lines within 200 μs can be used e.g. to investigate the evolution of different spectral lines quasi-simultaneously.


By taking a close look at the poems Emily Dickinson wrote, in the last fifteen years or so of her life, on envelopes (as gathered and transcribed in The Gorgeous Nothings, edited by Marta Werner and Jen Bervin), this article addresses the question of writing on a constrained surface—itself riddled with vertical, horizontal and oblique lines acting as so many "breaks." How did Dickinson tackle the material space of inscription in (de)composing her poems? The often playful way in which she stages her line breaks indicates how aware she was of the relationship between her words and their various poetic "envelopes." Here, the materiality of the medium becomes part of the meaning of the poems, and further contributes to the fluidity with which Dickinson positions her writing on the limits between the poetic and the epistolary.


It is presented basic points of the bifurcation, as one possible mechanism of instability. We have analyzed how this mechanism acts in accretion disc system, as we imply the behavior of reaction-diffusion systems and methods of their studying. We have shown that structures are formed after the arising of Rossby wave instability in the accretion disc. Introduction We may define the structure as a stable stationary state, that an irreversible transition from homogeneous equilibrium state to homogeneous stationary state is accomplished. As a result of presentations [Nicolis et al, 1979; Klimontovich, 1996] we may suggest the statement: the spatial, temporal and spatial-temporal structures, which may arise far from equilibrium in non-linear area, when the parameters of the system exceed their critical values, calling – dissipative structures. Pattern formation out of equilibrium can often be attributed to the coupling of diffusion with local nonlinear dynamic. Usually, these processes are explicit in a reaction-diffusion system, as it is shown in [Borckmans et al, Andreeva et al, 2002], where we have studied the structure formation and Turing instability. The arising of structures has a directly relation to the bifurcation solutions. In a definition, this is any qualitative or topology reconstruction of the system, when the parameter of the system crossed its critical value. Here we concern our review over the action of the Turing and Hopf bifurcations, as a key mechanism to switch on instability or stability state. The similar analysis are shown in the area of chemical reaction [Nicolis, 1994; Engelhardt, 1994], medicine and biology. In this paper we present how these models work in astrophysics, especially in the accretion discs system. Equations for bifurcation solutions in the accretion disc. Now we will try to determine the kind of bifurcation mechanism, working in a non-axisymmetric, thin accretion disc. We have presented in [Andreeva et al, 2002] the view of reaction diffusion equations for Turing instability and we confirmed the necessary condition for its arising. We remind at first the view of these equations: 2 ( , ) g r D t φ φ φ ∂Ψ = + ∇ ∂ φ Ψ (1a) 2 ( , ) r r h r D t φ ∂Ψ = + ∇ ∂ r Ψ (1b) Where is the vorticity in two directions; is the diffusion coefficient; and are the source functions ( or the reaction ); Ψ D g h ( ) . v ≈ ∇Ψ Using the model of the chemical reactions, previous presents and eqs (1a, 1b), we may write the following equations: 2 3 2 r r r t r φ ∂Ψ ∂ Ψ = Ψ −Ψ −Ψ + ∂ ∂ r (2a)


The present invention discloses a ranging method for an opti (73) Assignee: ZTE CORPORATION, Shenzhen cal network unit in a passive optical network, which includes: City, Guangdong Province (CN) an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) performing ranging for an Optical Network Unit (ONU) in a operation state, updating an (21) Appl. No.: 13/258,280 Equalization Delay (EqD) of the ONU according to a ranging result, and sending the updated EqD to the ONU; and the (22) PCT Filed: Nov. 19, 2010 ONU implementing an upstream transmission synchroniza tion according to the updated Eq). The present invention (86). PCT No.: PCT/CN2010/078922 further discloses a ranging system for an optical network unit (ONU) in a passive optical network (PON), which includes a S371 (c)(1), ranging device and an equalization delay updating device. In (2), (4) Date: May 4, 2012 the present invention, the influence on the interruption of services of the ONU for which ranging is performed is (30) Foreign Application Priority Data reduced, and the time-sensitive services of the ONU for which ranging is performed are protected, thus improving the Nov. 24, 2009 (CN) ......................... 200910221584.4 upstream transmission efficiency of the ONU.


Assuming that the symmetry-breaking Hamiltonian is given by the space integral of the eighth component of the scalar-quark current density, the first-order renormalization of the vector and tensor meson couplings are calculated in the formalism of the algebra of currents. The results are compared with experimental widths and the agreement is found to be good.


This chapter considers how the principle of distinction and the targeting rules, particularly the precautions in attack prescribed by article 57 of Additional Protocol I, may limit the utility of autonomous technology. It highlights that autonomous attack may be legitimate under appropriate, but somewhat restrictive, circumstances. The chapter explores the legal distinction between positive attack decisions by a person, and the ability of an individual to 'red card' a mechanically made attack decision. It examines the issues from the altogether more clinical, legal perspective by assessing to what extent the rules of targeting law either facilitate, restrict or prohibit the implementation of new, autonomous technologies. Autonomy, which is the central topic of the chapter, has to do with the use of unmanned aircraft to prosecute attacks without reference back to a human operator in the decision making process. Keywords:autonomy; decision making; precaution rules; principle of distinction; targeting law; unmanned aircraft


It has long been known that the fever induced by the injection of bacterial endotoxin, in animals and man, is followed by pronounced leucocytosis. Both phenomena were interpreted as the result of autonomic regulations characteristic to sympathicotonia induced by bacterial endotoxin itself (Hoff and Lin hardt (1)). Komiya and his school (2) who extended the work of Hoff and Linhardt have detected by passive transfer experiments a humoral factor inducing leucocytosis (their "neutropoetin") in rabbits during the phase of leucocytosis after typhoid vaccine administration. This factor was supposed to be released from the liver through sympathetic activity and to induce neutropoesis acting upon the bone marrow. Recently Atkins and Wood (3) have demonstrated the appearance of transferable endogenous pyrogenic factor in the plasma of rabbits after the typhoid vaccine administered has been rapidly cleared off. This factor which might be directly responsible for the fever response was tentatively assumed to be released from leucocytes injured by the endotoxin. It was suggested that the relatively long latent period and the post-injection leucopenia, which regularly preceed the leucocytosis, appear to be in keeping with this hypothesis. Thus both the fever and the leucocytosis induced by bacterial endotoxin should be interpreted as the secondary phenomena due to the endogenous humoral factors developed by the administered bacterial endotoxin. The interrelation of both humoral factors, however, has not yet been elucidated. We have occasionally observed that in adrenalectomized rabbits the febrile response to typhoid vaccine remained quite normal, but the leucocytosis was dismissed. This led the authors to the present investigation to demonstrate the independent development of both endogenous factors with special reference to the significance of adrenal corticoids for the formation of the endogenous leucocytosis inducing factor.


Purpose. Classification and description of the influence of factors of a social nature to the emergence of a criminal act in order to prevent and combat the Commission of the offence. Methods and methodology. Used scientific methods of research (retrospective analysis, comparative-legal, formal-logical, sociological). Results. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of social conditions on the formation and the perpetration of criminal behavior. The author generalized the theories of researchers on the relationship of personality characteristics and social phenomena with criminal acts.


Disease descriptions in Pre-Tang Dynasty literature enriched the themes of literature and expanded the life aspects that literature could depict. As a disgusting thing attached with social and cultural meaning,diseases became a rhetoric and narration method used widely in Pre-Tang Dynasty literature. Bringing with the terror of death, the epidemics which were very familiar in Pre-Tang Dynasty literature destroyed the normal social life and shocked the authors' mind. Individual disease influenced authors' literature creation by converting their philosophy and values, and this influence can be concluded as morbid aesthetic psychology, gloomy and depressed keynote and the spiritual purport of staying out of reality and self-preservation. The Pre-Tang Dynasty authors inherited the psychotherapy tradition from primitive witches and developed it into literary psychotherapy. The literary psychotherapy provided a way to abreact inner depression for frustrated literati and achieved good curative effects.


Abstract Background Angiosarcomas (AS) are rare and aggressive tumors of endothelial cell origin. About half of patients present with a primary cutaneous lesion, most commonly over the scalp. Intravenous (IV) weekly paclitaxel (Pac) is the current accepted standard-of-care in inoperable or progressive disease. Median PFS is 3.8 months. IV Pac is associated with dose-limited toxicities including peripheral neuropathy, development of infusional reactions and anaphylaxis, in part due to the Cremophor EL formulation vehicle. Pac is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate. Pac is a substrate for the Pgp pump in the intestinal cells which leads to efflux of Pac back into the intestinal lumen, thereby making the drug nonbioavailable when taken orally. ORAXOL is a combination product of 2 separate drugs; oral Pac and a novel Pglycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor, HM30181 methanesulfonate monohydrate (HM30181A). This allows for intestinal absorption and systemic exposure of Pac. ORAXOL has been studied in bioavailability and bioequivalence studies confirming its safety profile. A multi-center phase III study comparing ORAXOL and IV Pac in women with metastatic breast cancer is on-going. We are currently recruiting patients on a multi-center pilot study to determine the efficacy of ORAXOL in cutaneous AS. Trial design This is a multi-center, international, open-label, pilot study to evaluate the activity, safety, and tolerability of ORAXOL in subjects with cutaneous AS who have not been treated previously with taxanes. ORAXOL (15mg oral HM30181A & 205mg/m2 oral Pac) will be administered once daily for 3 consecutive days every week from Weeks 1 through 25; HM30181A is administered 1 hour before oral Pac on dosing days. Subjects who do not have disease progression at the end of treatment period are eligible to continue ORAXOL in the treatment extension phase. Primary objective is to determine the response rate (RR) within 6 months of initiation of treatment. Secondary objectives include (i) safety and tolerability, (ii) PFS and (iii) OS, (iv) duration of- and (v) time to-best response. Up to 25 evaluable subjects across 4 study sites will be enrolled in this study. The first patient has started dosing in December 2018. Clinical trial identification NCT03544567. Legal entity responsible for the study Athenex Inc. Funding Athenex Inc. Disclosure M.R. Kwan: Leadership role, Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Athenex Inc. D. Cutler: Leadership role, Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Athenex Inc. D. Kramer: Leadership role, Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Athenex Inc. W. Chan: Leadership role, Shareholder / Stockholder / Stock options, Full / Part-time employment: Athenex Inc. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Briefly describes the technology of forming high microreliefs in the context of the scientific path of a senior researcher at the Institute of Image Processing Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences Candidate of Technical Sciences Oleg Yuryevich Moiseyev - a unique specialist in the technology of diffraction computer optics, recording optical micro- and nanorelief.


AMONG the small bone and ivory objects found in the Agora excavations are some fragments of reed-blown pipes (av'Xol): the purpose of this article is to examine, from a musicological standpoint, nine of these fragments which are sufficiently large and complete to provide valuable information on the structure of the ancient aAXo',g.' Firstly, a word about the materials. It is clear from ancient sources that a number of different materials were used to make the body of the aviXoX; probably the most common was KacLaXoq, a reed-like plant with a hollow stalk; this same plant was also used to make the reed mouthpiece.2 Another common material was XCroT6, most probably to be identified with the species Celtis Australis, which grows in North Africa; the word XATros is frequently used as a synonym for aVcA'0.8 Bone and ivory were widely used in Classical and Hellenistic times, and when keywork was developed the body was made of wood or ivory, with an outer layer of bronze or silver.4 It is not surprising that the surviving instruments, with the exception of the Elgin pipes in the British Museum (of sycamore wood), are all of bone, ivory or metal; but it should be remembered that the materials which by their very nature have not survivedKa6aXuoq and XTro'-were probably the most commonly used.


Measurements of the crystallographic orientation of individual grains provide information on the spatial
arrangement and distribution of orientations in a crystalline solid, i.e. on the orientation topography,
which can be utilized to establish a basis for a deeper understanding of the microstructural mechanisms
during deformation and recrystallization of metallic materials.


Through the influence of the media and increasing awareness amongst the people aesthetic concerns regarding orthodontic treatment have risen up. The adult orthodontic patients put higher demands for aesthetic results not only after the treatment but also during the treatment phase. Not only adults but all orthodontic patients give importance to their appearance and for social or work reasons would probably refuse visible orthodontic treatment therapy. This article describes some of the effective solutions to these problems that will not impair the patient from an aesthetic point of view during the treatment phase


.............................................................................................................. 4 Introduction: accounting for trade in raw materials ................................................... 5 Thematic data sources and indicators ...................................................................... 8 1. Production of minerals and metals ....................................................................... 8 1.1 Ready-to-use datasets on production of mineral commodities ............................. 8 1.2 Other sets of production data ......................................................................... 9 2. Data and indicators of trade performance ...................................................... 10 2.1 Trade-related data sources ........................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Ready-to-use datasets ........................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Other trade data providers ..................................................................... 11 2.2 Trade performance indicators ....................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Ready-to-use basic trade indicators ......................................................... 14 2.2.2 Other trade performances indicators ........................................................ 15 3. Data and indicators on tariff and non-tariff trade restrictiveness ............................ 19 3.1 Data and indicators on tariffs ....................................................................... 19 3.2 Data and indicators on non-tariff trade restrictiveness .................................. 21 4 Trade agreements ............................................................................................ 22 5. Foreign direct investments in mining sector ........................................................ 22 6. Qualitative assessment of country's investment attractiveness in the primary raw material sector.................................................................................................... 25 6.1 General financial burden on the primary raw material sector ............................ 26 6.2 Qualitative assessment of investment readiness/attractiveness of the extractive sector ............................................................................................................. 28 6.3 Assessment of the legislative framework (incl. environmental/health/safety regulations) ..................................................................................................... 28 References and useful links .................................................................................. 34


BILATERAL EMBOLISM OF THE CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY. BILATERAL embolism of tho central retinal artery is a sufficiently rare condition to merit the mention of tlle iollowing case. A farm labourer, aged 74, was senit to see me in February, 1927; having lost the sight of the riglht eye three months earlier, and having suddenly lost the sight in the left eye a few days previously. The patient himself informed me that up to tlhreemonths before he had always had exceptionally good sight, but thiat suddenly one day lie noticed that there was something wrong with his vision on the right side, and that on covering his left eye he found that he was completely blind in the right. Apparently he did not think it necessary to seek advice about the. trouble, and continued with his work until a few days previously, when suddenly, whilst in the house, everything became black, and he found himself totally blind. The pupils were fixed, dilated, regular, and there was no reaction to light, nor any perception of light. The miedia of both eyes were clear, but the fundus of the right eye showed a pallid, clear-edged disc; many of the vessels usually radiating from it were obliterated, while those remaining were represented by mere threads. There was some faint brownish pigmentation at the macula. The left eye showed the typical pIcture of recent retinal embolism-the disc pale the vessel diminished in calibre, a general pallor of the fundus, with the " cherry-red spot " at the macula. From the history of the sudden and complete blindness in the right eye three months before, together with the typical ophthalmoscopic picture in both eyes, there is no doubt that there had been an embolism of the central retinal artery in the right eye, followed about three months later by another retinal embolism in the left eye. Embolism of the central retinal artery is practically always unilateral, and I note that only three cases of bilateral embolism were observed at the Tubingen eye clinic in a period of tlhirty-seven years. It is noteworthy that, although this condition might be expected to occur more commonly in the aged, it is found most frequently in persons under 60 years of age, and often in quite young people, particularly of the female sex. Heart lesions, endarteritis, etc., are given as tlie usual causes of this unfortunate condition-in the case here recorded there was advanced cardio-vascular trouble-but in about 30 per cent. of cases, according to Leber, no demonstrable cause can be found, particularly among the younger patients. If seen earlv, attempts can be made by massage, tapping the anterior chamber', and the inhalation of amyl nitrite to promote dilatation of the retinal vessels and a larger blood flow into the eye, in the hope that the clot may be moved from the main branch into one of its smaller ramifications, thus limiting the area of retina affecte(l. To achieve this, however, the cases must be seen very earlv, and few successful results have been reported. Carnarvon. T. G. WYNNE PARRY, M.R.C.S., D.O.M.S.


This research paper is designed to understand the challenges the undocumented students at the University of California Merced endured from their transition into a new country to entering their college journey. This paper draws from focus groups conducted with 35 undocumented students at UC Merced. Our research reveals several findings: 1) the students have some resources through the Undocumented Student Service Center yet; 2) they continue to face barriers; 3) undocumented students benefit from community on campus; and 4) undocumented students experience fear of deportation for themselves and their family members. Based on the focus groups, we recommend that a multicultural building with a safe zone for undocumented students be created.


Proliferation of multi-electric aero-engine industries has resulted in the increase of internal electronic devices. As one of most vulnerable parts of the aircraft, lightning strike would lead to a devastating loss if the engine was caused to malfunction. In view of the above mentioned facts, modeling of geometric and internal cable of turboprop engine were completed, inductive electromagnetic field, surface current on the fuselage and distribution of the induced current in cables were simulated based on transmission line matrix method, meanwhile, the comparison of shielding effectiveness between different skin materials utilized on the fuselage was also investigated. The simulation results show that the internal and external electromagnetic fields at the same axial position of engine are not only different in peak value but also in validation tendency. The location of the cables has a great impact on the internal induced current, which has almost the same value in each cable inside the cable bundle. The shielding effectiveness of nacelle made of carbon fabric composite with bronze mesh is higher than the one without mesh. The research results have a certain guiding significance to clarify the electromagnetic effect of lightning strike to aero-engine, and it is significant for further research activities on the lightning protection.


Key Points Question What is the association of time to surgery after COVID-19 diagnosis with the risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications? Findings In this cohort study of 3997 adult patients, increasing time from COVID-19 diagnosis to surgery was associated in a time-dependent fashion with a decreasing rate of a composite outcome of major cardiovascular events. Meaning This study suggests that delaying surgery after COVID-19 infection was associated with decreasing postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and should be a factor in shared decision-making between clinicians and patients.


Fuzzy mathematical method can well combine comprehensive evaluation method, quantitative analysis and "the maximum membership degree" in fuzzy mathematics for evaluation. Thus, there is a reliable quantitative analysis method for the features of those fuzzy things. In recent years, frequent historic building fires have caused people's attention to historic building protection and evaluation of fire safety of historic buildings. From the perspective of fire safety risk of historic buildings, this paper applies fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to extract risk factors of evaluation of fire safety of historic buildings and evaluates temple group of a city in China. The evaluation results show the fire safety risk of this building group is large and that fire protection of this building group should be enhanced. Besides, this paper puts forward corresponding protection measures. Meanwhile, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation can well evaluate fire safety risk of historic buildings and provides a reliable tool for general investigation of fire control of historic buildings and change of software and hardware conditions of fire control.


Despite the advances in modern antimicrobial treatment, paranasal sinus disease remains relatively common. A case of chronic inflammatory frontal sinus disease presented with unilateral recurrent eyelid swelling. Clinical features and management in conjunction with ENT are discussed. An extensive literature search has shown only one other similar case reported in Russian language whose management details however are not available.


This paper focuses on SMEs – firms with 250 employees at most – and the proportion of their requested loan that is granted by the bank. Financial data for SMEs in 38 European countries for 2011 are used (SMEs' Access to Finance survey) to test the relationship between ownership structure and innovation on the one hand and loan application success on the other hand. The set of control variables includes firm age, firm size, past firm growth, expected firm growth, and sector orientation. Focusing on the determinants of access to finance is important because restricted access could hinder firm growth. It turns out that SMEs that are part of a business group and SMEs with a multiple ownership structure have higher probabilities of receiving the requested bank loan than SMEs with a single owner. There is some evidence that female owned business have more success regarding their loan applications than male owned businesses. Furthermore, SMEs that adopt product or process innovations are less likely to receive the requested loan than SMEs that do not display innovative behavior. The robustness of these findings across several model specifications is shown and the implications of the findings are discussed.


This study evaluated the effect of non-performing loans on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period 2015-2019. The study employed correlation and ex-post facto research designs. Descriptive statistics and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. Secondary data were used, which were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Audited Annual Reports of the listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The results of the study show that substandard loans and doubtful loans had a statistically negative significant influence on return on assets, while lost loans had an insignificant negative effect on performance (return on assets). These results show that a high level of non-performing loans would reduce the financial performance of banks in the long run in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that credit reporting agencies and supervising authorities should be strengthened in order to reduce the high level of non-performing loans in deposit money banks in Nigeria as this will go a long way in improving their financial performance. The implication of this finding is that if the high level of non-performing loans in deposit money banks is not checked, it will threaten the existence of some of these banks in the future. causes and adverse effects of the non-performing loan using secondary data collected from the annual reports of Bangladesh Banks. The study adopted the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model. The finding from their results reveals that there are different directional short-run causality exists between variables and the OLS regression analysis confirms that two independent variables; non-performing loan ratio and provision maintenance ratio are statistically significant to the dependent variable; return on asset (ROA).


Today, most of the companies understand that the reliability must be built in at the design phase and then, monitored during the whole manufacturing process. Reliability building means the totality of techniques and procedures having the goal to ensure a foreseen reliability level for a given product. This concept is linked with reliability assessing, which cover the whole evaluation system aiming to find out and record, during and after the manufacturing process, the reliability level of the batch of products. This evaluation system contains tests, electrical measurements, failure analysis and statistical processing of data.


nearly always disappeared during the first few months. The initially elevated serum level of IgA normalized rapidly. Thirteen patients were followed up beyond reinstitution of a glutencontaining diet. In ten of these, recurrence of the mucosal lesion was verified within 2 to 10 months, and this was accompanied by symptoms in 6 cases. Significant elevation of the IgA level ensued in 6 of the 10 patients, and precipitins to cow's milk and gluten reappeared in 4 and 8 patients, respectively. Only one of the relapsers showed none of these signs. In 3 patients the small intestinal mucosa remained normal. Nevertheless, one of these reacted to the change of diet with and elevation of the IgA level, and in another precipitins to gluten were again detectable. Determination of the serum IgA level and precipitating antibodies to cow's milk and gluten is of value in the follow-up of coeliac patients. Disappearance of antibodies may be a favourable sign indicative of normalization of the mucosal lesion. Persistence or reappearance of antibodies to gluten during a gluten-free diet is indicative of non-adherence to the diet. After discontinuation of the diet, reappearance of antibodies and/or elevation of the IgA level is strongly suggestive of a relapse of the mucosal lesion, which is not, however, always detected by these tests.


The research section of the journal features four articles related to spirituality and holism in some form. This was not by design but by happenstance because my editorial practice has been to publish articles based on dates of submission rather than on topics. This is done for three reasons. First, there is no guarantee at any one time that there will be manuscripts accepted for publication that are related to the same topic. Second, I have tried to be fair to authors who are awaiting the publication of their articles. Third, it is important to disseminate new information in a timely manner. I have been asked to consider specific topics for single issues, but the solicitation of enough manuscripts would be highly unpredictable, and the peer review process focusing on quality standards could not assure acceptance of the required number to constitute an issue. So, it is fortunate that the research section happens to feature articles connected to spirituality. As I have described in a previous issue, the topic of spirituality by itself does not constitute a holistic perspective, and thus a manuscript focused on spirituality may or may not fall within the aims and scope of the Journal of Holistic Nursing. The primary determining factors on whether a manuscript on spirituality qualifies as holistic is the author's perspective of spirituality— that is, the conceptualization of spirituality as a holistic phenomenon or within a holistic theoretical framework—and how the author relates spirituality to holistic health and holistic nursing and health care. In my estimation, addressing one or both of these issues in a manuscript qualifies it as being holistic in viewpoint. There is also room for manuscripts that provide diverse perspectives and dialogue concerning the positioning of spirituality within a holistic or nonholistic frame of reference. This type of argumentative exposition—I mean that in a positive context—could lead to deeper understandings of spirituality. The four articles published in the research section of this issue demonstrate distinct ways that spirituality may be addressed and illuminated. Vance, Struzick, and Rapper provide a critical analysis of literature related to spirituality in adults aging with HIV. They tie their analysis to the provision of holistic care and advancing holistic science, noting the positive effects of spirituality on biopsychosocial functioning in aging according to research. Witte, van der Wal, and Steyn describe a phenomenological research study of the relationship of mystical experience to health and health care, in particular nurse–patient relationships. Borman, Thorp, Wetherell, and Golsham report on a quantitative study designed to examine the impact of a spiritually based intervention involving mantram for combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Finally, Tzeng and Yin describe an exploratory survey of Taiwanese patients regarding the practice of religious activities, including prayer, and its association with health problems and coping. These manuscripts demonstrate some of the possibilities for contributing to holistic knowledge regarding spirituality, religion, and holistic health and health care. Each offers a distinct contribution through its focus and approach to understanding spirituality. Each opens the door to further inquiry and understanding. Each makes a case for the relevance of the study of spirituality, in some form, to advance holistic nursing. In addition to the research focus, articles in the areas of education, practice, and aesthetics could further elaborate the role and potential of spirituality and spiritual practices in holism and holistic health care and nursing. The interest of holistic nurses in spirituality calls for further contributions and for reviewers with expertise in these areas. I call on scholars from research, practice, education, and the arts to offer their expertise in assisting in reviewing manuscripts by contacting me at email@example.com. The advancement of holistic knowledge to serve humans requires attention to spirituality and spiritual practices as demonstrated by the research section of this issue, as well as the vast and growing body of research and knowledge on these topics.


Based on the results of an investigation "Alternatives of human development with labor qualification", attributes are extracted as inputs that the workers indicate as important in: job performance, training, human development and job reality expressed in task variability, job identity, importance of work, autonomy of functions and performance feedback. Integrated results reflect an innovative development and training scheme based on worker needs parallel to personnel administration. The integrated results reflect an innovative development and training scheme based on worker needs parallel to personnel management. Personnel development has four levels: 1st Strategic planning of work development. In this part, the organization reviews: job profiles, recruitment and selection techniques; 2nd Diagnosis of training and development needs: the employee's trajectory is evaluated from: induction, interview to visualize the worker's expectations, skills, attitudes and experience, a personalized business career design is built; 3rd Development and job training with an apprenticeship program: application in three strata: staff who make managerial decisions; employees of administrative, management and logistics services; line operators and maintenance services; 4th Context, work processes and aspects of the employee's personality, experience, work climate, type of work and level of command, nature of the work, high-performance collaborative tasks, operations management, production, technologies, etc.


Tramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting synthetic analgesic with a dual mechanism of action.[1][1],[2][2] Tramadol and its O -desmethyl metabolite (M1) bind to opioid receptors, with M1 having a 200-fold higher affinity for binding to these receptors. Tramadol has also been shown to inhibit the


The article analyzes the academic and artistic work of Irena Birsa, who was born in Australia to Slovene parents. Her premature death in 1991 meant that her research on the Slovene emigrant community in Australia, particularly in the state of Victoria, was not completed. In 1994, however, a book of her articles, essays and papers, entitled Slovenians in Australia appeared posthumously. This book represents a valuable source of data for researchers into this area. The second half of the article discusses some of Irena Birsa's rare poems which though in manuscript form are subtly perfected and practically unknown to the general public


Through analyzing on the request to tour guides' historical and geographical knowledge in the national test for guiding quali-fication(Hunan district) from 2005 to 2007,we found out that there were problems in current guide teaching and training-students' un-derstanding was superficial and teachers' teaching was boring on historical and geological knowledge in the pattern of examination-ori-ented education,and students' ability was uneven and individual teaching was difficult to take,etc.Therefore,we should integrate and change teaching contents,improve the study on human geography and take heuristic and case-discussing teaching method to increase tour guides' service ability.


Air sparging can be successfully applied to deep aquifers to remediate significant hydrocarbon mass in order to ultimately reach a point at which monitored natural attenuation can manage dissolved phase plumes. Air sparging is typically applied in shallow ground water conditions, less than 15 m beneath the water table (bwt). Deep air sparging, 15 to 46 m bwt, is more challenging but a viable alternative for treatment of residual petroleum hydrocarbons and dissolved phase constituents within a thick smear zone. An application to remediate an aquifer impacted by gasoline‐range petroleum hydrocarbons at depths greater than 76 m below ground surface (bgs) and up to 40 m thick (vertically) is reported here. Deep air sparging at 15, 31, and 46 m bwt was assessed using diagnostic tools involving flow rate, pressure, tracer gas, water table elevation, vapor concentration, and ground water chemistry measurements. The diagnostic tools identified preferential flow directions and a maximum depth of effective air injection. The full‐scale deep air sparging/soil vapor extraction (SVE) system removed more than 150,000 kg of hydrocarbon mass at the study site over a 3‐year period and ultimately greater than 100,000 kg/year with system expansion.


The invention relates to a semiconductor arrangement and method for production thereof, wherein the semiconductor arrangement is provided with an integrated circuit (2) arranged on a substrate (1). The integrated circuit (2) is structured on the front face of the substrate and at least one capacitor (20) is connected to the integrated circuit, characterised in that the at least one capacitor is designed as a monolithic deep structure in trenches (3). The trenches are arranged in at least one first group and at least one second group, the trenches of a group running essentially parallel to each other and the first and second group are at an angle to each other, essentially at right angles to each other.


Objectives To determine whether offering cardiac screening to relatives of patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstructions (LVOTOs) would be justified. Background LVOTOs have been recognised as a group of congenital heart diseases with 'high heritability'. One of the LVOTOs, the bicuspid aortic valve, is often asymptomatic, but has become known to be associated with sudden, unexpected cardiac death. However, the need for cardiac screening of first-degree relatives of patients with LVOTO has not been determined owing to the lack of studies in well-defined cohorts of consecutive patients. Methods The families of a cohort of 249 consecutive paediatric patients with LVOTO were offered genetic counselling. Of 182 consenting index patients, 40 patients (22%) appeared to have associated non-cardiac congenital anomalies (LVOTO-NCA). In the other 142 patients with LVOTO, cardiac screening of 449 first-degree relatives was performed. Results Cardiac screening disclosed a cardiac anomaly in 34 first-degree relatives (8%). In 23 (68%) of these the cardiac anomaly was a bicuspid aortic valve. Twenty-four of these anomalies were newly detected by our screening programme (71%). These 34 cardiac anomalies were found in the families of 28 index cases (20%). Conclusions This study shows that of the patients with LVOTO without NCA, 20% had (an) affected first-degree relative(s), frequently with undetected bicuspid aortic valves. These data suggest that cardiac screening of relatives of patients with LVOTO without NCA is justified. This may help prevent sudden, unexpected, cardiac death or life-threatening complications in relatives with undetected bicuspid aortic valves. This study aims to describe the occurrence of cardiac anomalies in fi rst-degree relatives of patients with LVOTO, after thoroughly excluding patients with additional NCA. We present clinical data, including echocardiographic screening of fi rst-degree relatives, of a well-de fi ned cohort of consecutive paediatric patients with LVOTO and based on these data we propose a diagnostic strategy for patients with LVOTO and their families.


To evaluate the association between the fetal fraction of cell‐free DNA at the second trimester and subsequent spontaneous preterm birth.


In this paper, we investigate distributed broadcasting in dynamic networks, where the topology changes continually over time. We propose a network model that captures the dynamicity caused by both churn and mobility of nodes. In contrast to existing work on dynamic networks, our model defines the dynamicity in terms of localized topological changes in the vicinity of each node, rather than a global view of the whole network. Obviously, a local dynamic model suits distributed algorithms better than a global one. The proposed dynamic model uses the more realistic SINR model to depict wireless interference, instead of oversimplified graph-based models adopted in most existing work. We consider the fundamental communication primitive of global broadcast, which is to disseminate a message from a source node to the whole network. Specifically, we present a randomized distributed algorithm that can accomplish dynamic broadcasting in an asymptotically optimal running time of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(D_{T})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with a high probability guarantee, under the assumption of reasonably constant <italic>dynamicity rate</italic>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the <italic>dynamic diameter</italic>, a parameter proposed to depict the complexity of dynamic broadcasting. We believe our local dynamic model can greatly facilitate distributed algorithm studies in mobile and dynamic wireless networks.


Pressor response to norepinephrine (NE) infusion was examined in rabbits with renal artery stenosis (1-kidney, 1 clip Goldblatt) with 3-days' duration and sham operated rabbit. The 3-day clipped rabbits showed exaggerated pressor response to NE, though they did not develop hypertension with normal value for plasma renin activity (PRA). Infusion of two angiotensin II antagonists, [1-Sar, 8-Ileu] angiotensin II and [1-Sar, 8-Ara] angiotensin II which were different in amino acid residue in position 8, abolished completely the hyperresponse to NE. These results provide strong evidence that angiotensin II plays an important role in the exaggerated pressor response to NE in the prehypertensive rabbits : however, as a correlation between the value for PRA and for the increased pressor responsiveness to NE were not observed, additional mechanism (s) may be involved in the hyperresponsiveness to NE.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a readiness for entrepreneurship theoretical framework. The paper marks the first of three stages to build a scale to measure readiness for entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – The current paper is conceptual. The research approach consists of formulating proposals and definitions based on an extensive literature review. Findings – The literature review reveals that no such readiness for entrepreneurship measurement tool exists. The literature review also yields definitions and components of key concepts for the theoretical framework. Research limitations/implications – The paper offers a new, holistic perspective of readiness for entrepreneurship. This research addresses measurement of readiness for entrepreneurship from a rigorous, scientific approach. The main limitation lies in capturing and organizing extensive information on topics from diverse disciplines (i.e. sociology, psychology, and business management). Practical implications – Th...


Background: Overweight and obesity are recognized as an "escalating epidemic" affecting both developed and developing countries. Medical students working under stress and adopting more sedentary life style, are likely to be the victims of obesity. Objectives: To find out prevalence of overweight & obesity and associated risk factors among medical students in Kolkata. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out among undergraduate students of NRS Medical College, Kolkata with a sample siza-150. Results: 18% students were overweight and 2% obese. Mean height & weight of boys were higher significantly than that of girls. 20.7% boys & 17.2% girls were either overweight or obese. 24% boys and only 7% girls have the habit of addition to smoking and or alcohol. 26.7% students, about 23% male & 33% female, not used to perform any exercises. 24% students have family history of obesity. Of them 27.8% developed overweight. No association of overweight with factors like family history, physical exercise, addiction, food habit or stress factor could be statistically established. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight among medical students trend to be high. Promotion to adopt healthy lifestyles is urgently required.


LRP1-pPyk2 axis is essential for the upregulatory effect of hypoxia on MMP-9 activation and human VSMC (hVSMC) migration. Currently, there are not efficient models for the translational study of atherosclerosis. The morphological and physiological features of atherosclerosis are different between human and animal models, particularly in mouse models. Therefore, the aim of current investigation was to compare the effect of hypoxia on LRP1-Pyk2-MMP-9 axis in human and mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (mVSMC) and its consequences on VSMC migration. We demonstrated that hypoxic modulation of LRP1-pPyk2-MMP-9 axis is opposite between hVSMC and mVSMC. The modulation of LRP1/pPyk2 levels by hypoxia is positive in hVSMC but negative in mVSMC. We showed that the inverse effect of LRP1/pPyk2 axis is associated with a differential effect of hypoxia on MMP-9 expression and activation. Hypoxia-induced MMP-9 activation was concomitant with an increased hVSMC migratory capacity. Surprisingly, mVSMC migrate under hypoxic conditions despite the downregulatory effect of hypoxia on MMP-9 expression or activation. Our results highlight the crucial role of LRP1-pPyk2-MMP-9 axis in vascular cell migration. In addition, we propose that the extrapolation of results from animal models to humans is not suitable for this specific mechanism in hypoxia-related vascular conditions.


Many new hotels in Semarang mark the increasingly intense competition in the hospitality industry. Hotel entrepreneurs are required to compete in attracting consumers, many ways that are done by doing promotions, discounts, advertising and so forth. One way that is used is to provide the best service for consumers. Hotel Ciputra as one of the renowned hotels in the city of Semarang always improve the quality of its service to satisfy the consumers. The emergence of five-star hotels such as Gumaya Tower Hotel, Crowne Plaza and Grand Candi Hotel, make Hotel Ciputra must do an evaluation to keep customers to be loyal. The problem of this research is that in 2014 the employee performance score of 80.0% there is decreasing performance in 2015 to 75,8% and in 2016 equal to 74,9%. The performance appraisal does not reach the 85% standard set by Hotel Ciputra. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of career development and physical work environment on employee performance Hotel Ciputra Semarang. This type of research is Explanatory research. Sampling technique using Probability Sampling method. Probability Sampling is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunity for each element (member) of the population to be elected as a sample member. The number of samples taken as many as 111 respondents. Data were analyzed through validity test, reliability test, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, T test, and F test with SPSS program aid. Based on the results of the analysis, showed that Career Development variables are in the strong category. Career Development has a positive effect on employee performance and contributed 36.9%. The Physical Work Environment is in the medium category. Physical Work Environment positively affects employee performance and contributes 30% to employee performance.


Current advances in automation of pathology methods with focus on toxicologic pathology are dealt with. Areas of tissue can be separated and collected for further analysis by laser microdissection. Automatic stainers for histology and immunohistochemistry rapidly produce high standard quality stains of tissue sections. Confocal laser scanning microscopy allows visualization of fluorochromes with superior quality optical data. Introduction of field emission cathodes and low vacuum technologies to scanning electron microscopy enables examination of non-coated and non-dehydrated specimens. Energy filtering transmission electron microscopy yields high contrast images and provides novel specimen information. Digital image analysis offers systems to support users in specific evaluations. To facilitate orientation on the market, a selection of commercially available equipment is presented and the features of the devices are compared.


Cetuximab and panitumumab bind the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although the chimeric cetuximab (IgG1) triggers antibody‐dependent‐cellular‐cytotoxicity (ADCC) of EGFR positive target cells, panitumumab (a human IgG2) does not. The inability of panitumumab to trigger ADCC reflects the poor binding affinity of human IgG2 Fc for the FcγRIII (CD16) on natural killer (NK) cells. However, both human IgG1 and IgG2 bind the FcγRII (CD32A) to a similar extent. Our study compares the ability of T cells, engineered with a novel low‐affinity CD32A131R‐chimeric receptor (CR), and those engineered with the low‐affinity CD16158F‐CR T cells, in eliminating EGFR positive epithelial cancer cells (ECCs) in combination with cetuximab or panitumumab. After T‐cell transduction, the percentage of CD32A131R‐CR T cells was 74 ± 10%, whereas the percentage of CD16158F‐CR T cells was 46 ± 15%. Only CD32A131R‐CR T cells bound panitumumab. CD32A131R‐CR T cells combined with the mAb 8.26 (anti‐CD32) and CD16158F‐CR T cells combined with the mAb 3g8 (anti‐CD16) eliminated colorectal carcinoma (CRC), HCT116FcγR+ cells, in a reverse ADCC assay in vitro. Crosslinking of CD32A131R‐CR on T cells by cetuximab or panitumumab and CD16158F‐CR T cells by cetuximab induced elimination of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA‐MB‐468 cells, and the secretion of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Neither cetuximab nor panitumumab induced Fcγ‐CR T antitumor activity against Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS)‐mutated HCT116, nonsmall‐cell‐lung‐cancer, A549 and TNBC, MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The ADCC of Fcγ‐CR T cells was associated with the overexpression of EGFR on ECCs. In conclusion, CD32A131R‐CR T cells are efficiently redirected by cetuximab or panitumumab against breast cancer cells overexpressing EGFR.


For recent years,the inte raction between mathematics and phy sics has reached a high level once again.Because of their helping each other forward,many impor tant results have been pro-duced.This article briefly introduces the great changes taking place in the field of mathematics during the period,especially emphasizes t he mathematical unity.


The authors of this article carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using several types of dense ball packaging for cement production. This analysis is based on the study of the degree of influence on the kinetics of the clinker grinding process in the open cycle mill of different assortment of balls without the use of the milling intensifier and in the case of its use. The possibility of refusing the use of an intensifier in the case of rational selection of grinding bodies.


Various remarkable records of Pottiales are reported. Molendoa sublaevis Demaret & P. Varde is regarded as synonymous with Hymenostylium crassinervium Broth. & Dix.


This paper summarizes Quaternary geology and till geochemistry studies conducted as part of a detailed case study on the Huckleberry Mine area. The study was initiated as a follow up to previous research conducted in the Nechako Plateau on the Late Wisconsinan glacial history of west-central British Columbia; specifically, studies that have confirmed the westward flow of ice from the interior of British Columbia towards the Pacific Ocean (Levson et al., 1998; Stumpf et al., 2000). Building on the deposit scale study of the Nak porphyry copper prospect (MINFILE No. 093M 010) (Levson et al., 1997), this paper also investigates the three-dimensional geometry of dispersal plumes in till. The purpose of this study is to:


The utility model provides an automatic calibration system of a gas sensor. The automatic calibration system comprises a steel cylinder, a gas mass flow controller, a high and low temperature alternating test box, a sensor hood, a sensor data acquisition circuit and an industrial control computer, wherein the steel cylinder, the gas mass flow controller and the sensor hood form a gas distribution system; the industrial control computer is connected with the high and low temperature alternating test box to generate different constant temperatures; the industrial control computer is connected with the gas mass flow controller to generate preset gas concentration under different constant temperatures; the industrial control computer is connected with the sensor data acquisition circuit to acquire the gas concentration response value of the gas sensor under different constant temperatures, and is used for transmitting rating data of the sensor to the gas sensor. The automatic calibration system has the advantages of scientific design, convenience in use, complete function, capabilities of realizing automatic temperature control, automatic dynamic gas distribution and automatic data arrangement, high work efficiency and high reliability.


The response in the center of the human fovea changes from On-type to Off-type as the inducing figure approachtes the fovea (this Journal, 1967, 38, 1-13). This findings could explain why the sensitivity measured in terms of light threshold decreases while that of CFF increases as the inducing figure approaches the test figure. On the basis of the results the present writer proposed a hypothesis that light sensitivity possesses two aspects of τ and κ. Furthermore, the following four methods have been devised to prove the hypothesis experimentally.Vibrating method 1. When a geometrical illusion figure is adequately vibrated in the direction of the appearance of illusion, the amount of illusion increases.Vibrating method 2. When grating lines are adequately vibrated in the face of a geometrical figure, they are deformed according to the characteristic of the figure.Vibrating method 3. When a small circle is adequately vibrated in the face of a geometrical figure, it is deformed from a circle to an ellipse.Flickering method. When one of two figures in the midst of binocular rivalry is flickered, the other is often disappeared immediately after the appearance of the flickering figure. The flickering method was designed to measure its flickering effect on the disappearance of the continuous figure.The present study is related to Vibrating method 2. First some experiments were conducted to test whether or not the deformation of the grating lines depends mainly upon the characteristic of figure on the following various conditions; (1) binocular vision and monocular vision, (2) illuminance of figure, (3) observing distance, (4) distance between grating lines and figure, (5) length of grating lines, (6) conditions of vibrations of grating lines, (7) observing time, (8) fixation point, (9) white-black relations between grating lines and figure, (10) number of grating lines, and (11) width of grating lines. Then some experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between the deformations of the grating lines and the following geometrical illusions; (1) Muller-Lyer, (2) Ponzo, (3) Zollner, (4) Hering, (5) Wundt, (6) Hofler, (7) Pisco, and so on. The results obtained are shown in Figs. 3-6.


(57) Abstract: LED mode optoelectronic semiconductor device comprises a beta crystal silicon p-n junction having a photoactive region (18) comprising a disilicide iron The LED generates electroluminescence wavelength of about 1.5 [mu] m. Further, the photodetector device is also disclosed.


A MR thermometry (MRT) method with field monitoring is proposed to improve the measurement of small temperature variations induced in brain MRI exams.


Communication is an important part of our daily life. We use communication to let other people know our thoughts and feelings and to convey messages. To have a cooperative , positive working environment, communication must be effective and efficient. People use many different ways to communicate with each other in the workplace. It is important to understand: 1. How daily work is organised within the workplace 2. How communication happens within the workplace 3. How you can communicate effectively in your workplace Activity 1


In the fast growing business services market today, one manager may wonder whether to use coaching services or consultancy services. Questions might arise: which are the differences between the two types of services, their common points and the relationship between the two? This paper aims to explore the above mentioned questions while pleading for both services. The fact is that they are powerful processes that can bring added value to the organization through use of knowledge. The bottom line is that they work best in different situations, and they should not be regarded as a "one or the other" but as synergy knowledge related tools.


Meeasurements were made on the radioactivity of dust, foodstuffs, lungs, and thyroids of man and animals from October to December 1961. The concentration of I/sup 131/ in air showed a maximum of 2.07 mu mu c/m/sup 3/ on November 6 and the average for the second half of November was 0.62. The value decreased to less than 0.2 in December. Spinach samples showed remarkable contamination with fission products, The maximum being 16 m mu c of I/sup 131/per fresh kg. Average intake of I/sup 131/ by population through ingestion of leafy vegetables was estimated as 100 to 300 mu mu c in November and 7 to 20 mu mu c in December. The contribution of milk in daily intake was less than 10% of that of leafy vegetables which was considered the main channel of transmittance of I/sup 131/ to the human population of Japan. A greater risk would be involved to breast-fed baby than bottle-fed one since the latter consumes canned powder milk in Japan and the former would be greatly influenced by its mother's diet composition. The level of I/sup 131/ in human thyroids from 52 persons who died during the period December 4 to 12 in Tokyomore » was less than 5.6 mu mu c/fresh g on the average; the thyroid burden was estimated as 100 to 165 mu mu c of human population in the period November and December 196l. (auth)« less


Objective To explore the mechanism of heat injury in tumor cells by measuring changes of i ntracellular free calcium concentration and membrane fluidity. Methods Membrane fluidity of sarcoma cells and fluorescence in tensities of intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca 2+]i in culture d mice S 180 sarcoma cells were measured by adherent cell analysis and sort ing cytometer (ACAS 570) after hyperthmia (43 ℃, 60 min) and compared with the control group. The changes of cell morphology were also observed. Results Intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca 2+] i of tumor cells significantly increased after heat injury [(103.80±14.09) vs (94.34±13.99), P0.01]. Membrane fluidity of heat-injured sar coma cells r educ ed [(7.40±6.84)×10 -5cm2/s vs (10.53±6.92)×10 -5cm2 /s, P 0.01]. Compared with the control group, the changes of cell morphology were o b vious, such as on cytomorphosis, membrane shrinkage, granule, nuclear dispersion , and vacuoles. Conclusion Hyperthermia affected the morphology of tumor cells and changed the structure of cell membrane. It was suggested that the increasing of intracellular free calcium concentration [Ca 2+]i and the changes of membrane fluidity could be the important indexes of heat-injured tumor cells.


The emergence ofadvanced techniques for image analysis, sophisticated, user friendly window-based interactive software-tools,and advanced object-oriented and relational databases has naturally led to the proliferation of a number of systems that facilitatethe use of imagery obtained from a variety of sources together with associated text, map, and other types of data [ERDAS,ARC-iNFO, PG&ES special issuej. However, while these systems provide convenient ways to access and visualize thesevariety of datatypes, they often fall short of providing a few critical capabilities that are needed for effective use of these datasources for scientific research. For example, there is usually little or no support to perform powerful analysis operations onthe data and then add the results of that analysis for subsequent use (we refer to this process as "incremental annotation").More importantly, while there are individual systems that have powerful image processing (on "raster" data) or GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS) capabilities, the combination of these two types of capabilities within a single system has notbeen adequately treated.In a similar vein, while there are a number of ongoing efforts to provide "content-based" access to image and associated datastored in a database (e.g., as evidenced by these proceedings), these efforts often seem to concentrate on the development ofgeneral-purpose automatic recognition algorithms, and are not tailored to the needs of a particular user community. There hasalso been very little attempt to integrate some of the more successful analysis algorithms developed in Computer Vision withthe database operations. On the other hand, given the state of the art, it may be most effective to integrate powerful analysisand feature extraction tools together with a powerful database that allows the user to analyze and extract useful quantitativeinformation from the data and use this information to incrementally annotate the data for subsequent access and analysis. This


An inexpensive and easily adaptable to industry scale method is Sol-Gel used to get a double layer anti-reflection coating thin film from SiO2/TiO2 by dip coating technique and we found that the Q H thickness SiO2/TiO2 Double layer thin film gets the best results so, we get a reflectance 0.002-0.02 for ultraviolet region, 0-0.04 for visible region, and 0.004-0.04 for Near infra-red region, and it is better than a thin film from SiO2 mono layer or thin film from TiO2 mono layer individually.


Rocksalt-structured MgZnO thin films of optical band gaps as large as about 5.8–6.6 eV were grown on MgO substrates by a mist chemical vapor deposition method using carbon-free precursors. MgZnO thin films with the dislocation density of less than 107 cm−2 were obtained. Pure deep-ultraviolet cathodoluminescence was observed without noticeable emission at the longer wavelengths, being attributed to improved crystallinity as well as reduced carbon impurity. The highest emission energy (the shortest emission wavelength) at the luminescence peak was 6.24 eV (199 nm) at 6 K.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://iopscience.iop.org/page/copyright


The K X-ray spectrum from a 30 MeV chlorine ion beam was measured as it was stopped in aluminium. The spectrum exhibits six lines located approximately half way between the Kalpha 1,2 and Kbeta 1,3 lines of chlorine. These lines can be interpreted as Kalpha transitions with various 2p shell vacancies and with the M shell electrons partially stripped.


This ASIC consists of 18 channels low noise charge preamplifiers, bi-gain CRRC2 180 ns shapers, 12bit track and hold and 5 MHz output multiplexer. It covers a dynamic range of 14 bits with a linearity at the per-mil level. The preamplifier gain can be adjusted from 0.3 V/pC to 5 V/pC to accommodate various detectors. A power pulsing feature has been added in order to exploit the 1% duty cycle of the accelerator. This feature is a key parameter to embed the front-end inside the detector, without cooling pipes. It also includes a commercial 12bit ADC (AMS IP) in order to send only digital data out. Run: A35C6_1, austiamicrosystems 0.35µm CMOS, chip " fullv2buck " Adaptive power supply is an effective power-management solution for optimization of power and performance in state-of-the-art VLSI systems. This design is an output-ripple-based PWM buck converter. Novel adaptive feedback algorithm is implemented in simple analog circuits to provide fast reference voltage tracking, as well as minimal energy dissipation during the course of tracking. This circuit is a 0.35um CMOS 6th order band-pass switched-capacitor filter to be applied in a monitoring system intended to detect the cavitation effect in hydraulic turbines used in electrical power generation plants. The objective of that monitoring system is to avoid the serious damages caused by cavitation effects to hydraulic turbines. The filter is intended to process the signal produced by an accelerometer that measures the mechanical vibrations caused by the cavitation bubbles inside the turbine. This switched-capacitor filter has its pass-band between 10 and 30 kHz and was derived from a passive ladder prototype filter using the bilinear transformation. The filter was implemented in fully differential architecture, using Euler's switched-capacitor integrators with a switching frequency of 200 kHz. The chip die area is 0.913 mm2 and its power consumption is 1.635 mW from a +/-2.5 V power supply.


Effective catalytic conversion of a hydrocarbon oil, low sulfur gas oil with hot regenerated active catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite and medium pore diameter zeolite and the cracking reaction takes place in contact with the lower portion of the reactor of a catalytic cracking unit, and generating hydrocarbon containing selective hydrogen transfer reaction and isomerization reaction occurs in the upstream carbon catalyst under certain reaction environment, separation of the reaction product to obtain a reaction oil including liquefied gas, gasoline and gas oil catalytic, stripped spent catalyst after regeneration cycles use, wherein the catalytic gas oil and gas oil optionally other secondary processing unit into the hydrocracking reaction preferably hYDROCRACKING returns to catalytic cracking unit. The method improves the yield of diesel and diesel cetane improving lower olefins such as propylene, butene content in the liquefied gas, and improve the utilization of hydrogen in the feed, while improving the utilization of feed of hydrogen, thereby can save oil resources, clean production processes for the refining and refined products clean provides a new way.


We use ring diagram analysis to study the effects of solar flares on p-mode oscillation characteristics. We study the changes in the amplitude, frequency and width of acoustic modes using data before, during and after a few of the major flares during the current solar cycle. Mode power is found to be enhanced during and after some flares, though the enhancement is not seen in all flares.


It is analyzed such important factors influencing the ultraviolet proofing properties of textiles as the classes of fiber, the amounts of impurity, the color and luster and the coverage factors of fabric. Then it is further summarized the methods to produce ultraviolet proofing textiles.


Prior studies have found an inconclusive relationship between social networking site (SNS) usage and users' subjective well-being. Passive SNS usage may be detrimental to subjective well-being, because it cannot provide social support and may evoke envy and jealousy. Conversely, it is also possible that lower subjective well-being may predict higher passive SNS usage, which can be used as a means to relieve stress. To examine this reciprocal process, a two-wave study among a sample of Chinese college students was conducted (N = 350 at Time 1, 265 at Time 2). Data were analyzed with structural modeling. Cross-lagged analysis indicated that passive SNS usage at Time 1 predicted a decrease in subjective well-being at Time 2. Lower subjective well-being at Time 1 also predicted an increase in passive SNS usage at Time 2. These findings deepen our understanding of the complicated association between SNS usage and well-being and has implications for how to help individuals use SNS healthily.


Though a major course for English majors, the course English American literature has been ignored and increasingly marginalized in universities, which is not only embodied in the substantial reduction of class periods, but also in the disinterest of both teachers and students. However, this phenomenon is very detrimental to teachers' universities. The fundamental mission of teachers' universities is to train primary and high school teachers with noble personality and solid language basis. The course English American literature has confronted two straits: that of teaching material and that of teaching method. Starting from classics teaching and making use of student-centered teaching method and language-oriented teaching method are of great significance to the reform of literature teaching and the improvement of curricular quality among English majors in teachers'universities.


A chapter from a collection of 28 short interviews with scholars, all in response to five questions: 1. Why were you initially drawn to the theory of signs and meaning? 2. What do you consider your contribution to the field? 3. What is the proper role of a theory of signs and meaning in relation to other academic disciplines? 4. What do you consider the most important topics and contributions in the theory of meaning and signs? 5. What are the most important open problems in this field and what are the prospects for progress?


Prospect theory suggests that individuals' orientations toward risk affect people's behavior. This essay considers political implications, exploring the extent to which people's views about risk influence status quo orientations, political participation, and political involvement. Data from a student sample are used to test these expected relationships.


Small states can achieve influence and power in the international system by implementing some status-seeking strategies oriented to upgrade their relevance towards the hegemon. This essay will try to discern some 'status markers' in order to identify properly a consistent strategy and then it will be observed if Singapore, Qatar and Rwanda fulfil these markers. We will conclude it is possible to identify status-seeking strategies, and the analysed three countries are implementing their own in a similar way. Thus, they achieve a 'sit at the table' of the international system despite having no material resources.


Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem in terms of clinical and public health. In-spite the successes of the Millennium Development Goals since 2000, the inhabitants of low-income countries still suffer of an enormous burden of disease owing to diarrhoea, pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria, yellow fever, meningitis, HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases. Regardless of the origin of resistance of antibiotics, the fact is that the number of new resistant microorganisms grows faster than the development of new drugs. Therefore, the search for alternative therapies is imperative. Unani System of Medicine (USM) may be considered as personalized medicine which corrects the imbalance in the four humors(blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) which occur due to entry of any infective organism in the body. So, drugs correct the imbalance of the humours and aid in regaining health with bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities. Present study provides an in-vitro efficacy of traditionally used medicinal herbs of Unani System of Medicine (USM) viz. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. (Asl-us-soos), Cassia fistula Linn. (Maghz-e-Khayar Shamber) and Adiantum capillus-veneris (Parsiyaoshan) in terms of their antibacterial activity against various gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains using Agar well and Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. The efficacy was compared with the standard drugs used as positive control viz. Ciprofloxacin for gram positive strains and Gentamicin as gram negative strains and the solvent used to dissolve the test drug Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) as negative control. Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical analysis was also done as review of literature and standardization methods were followed to confirm the authenticity and presence of various phyto-active constituents present in the test drugs. The study demonstrates test drugs to be considered as effective drug target for further screening and its wider use in


The optical network management system is very important for optical equipment monitoring and managing, the timeliness and accuracy are very critical parameters. Automatic discovery of network nodes is the embodiment of automation of network management system. However, most of the traditional automatic discovery method is based on the ICMP protocol, which is to ping all the IP addresses in local area network one by one, but it effects efficiency greatly consuming costing too much time. This paper proposes an automatic discovery method based on MDNS protocol in designed optical NMS, sending multicast message to all IP addresses in LAN, then the IP addresses with response are valid address. So in this way we can detect IP node and supported services more rapidly, brings about a vast improvement in the efficiency of optical network management system.


Identity is a vast and slippery term. It is used mostly in social sciences and related sub disciplinarian's cultural studies, sociology, and psychology. `Youth` as a stage is an extremely critical period in terms of identity formation Identity is developed by self, but it must be validated by others Identity is central to digital communication technologies because the internet allows the user to change the real social identity (offline) and create a new or recreated identity online The Internet allows us to alter self-micro narrations and authority and the way society shapes identity. Identity is the most crucial element of digital communication because an identity is a context of interpersonal communication. Online culture is a parallel culture for offline or the real culture. The Internet offers a new platform of identity in which real identity can be hidden and it can be reshaped or recreated as per the user's interest hence Internet is a context free medium. We assume that the individual form's identity meanings from society's culture The self-sentiment is a crucial aspect. Mobile media usage facilitates the users to develop their self-sentiment related identities in the internet space. Social media usage and getting likes and posts can be associated with the self- sentiment.This research paper explores the variety of online-expressionism of urban youth when they are active on social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook. In context of the social shaping of identities and the negotiating politics in the online space. The paper also comments and explores the gendered Identities, and body image negotiations in terms of femininity and masculinity in the digital space. The urban young people, their online posts, and the different places all together forms a collage of different identities.