Spaceborne netted radars are of benefit for low-earth-orbit (LEO) object detection. Methods of constellation design are presented in detail by mean of the analysis on satellite orbital parameters, types of constellation coverage and other parameters related to constellation design. Simu-lations on LEO objects detection using spaceborne netted radars are implemented under the constraint of rational operating parameters of space-based radars. Walker con-stellation and non-Walker constellation with different pa-rameter configuration are compared in terms of observation time gap for one satellite as an example, followed by the statistical results of observation time intervals for more than one hundred objects. The simulation results show that the observation time intervals for LEO objects can be shortened effectively by means of spaceborne netted radars, resulting in higher coverage ratio of observation.


Contemporary guidelines emphasize the value of incorporating frailty into clinical decision‐making regarding revascularization strategies for coronary artery disease. Yet, there are limited data describing the association between frailty and longer‐term mortality among coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients.


Sub-5-fs real-time spectroscopy revealed that coherent molecular vibrations coupled to the Frenkel exciton system. The oscillation in the induced absorption spectrum is interpreted as the modulated transition dipole moment due to the oscillator strength transfer.


PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia is a vehicle manufacturing company which produces Toyota brand car. The company is expanding and has a goal to reach an annual production volume of x vehicle unit in 2017, will needs an adequate human resources to achieve the goal. Human resources Division, especially Manpower Planning Section is responsible to any matters or issues related to manpower needs inside the company. In doing the duties, MPP faces some challenges in constructing Direct labor Manpower Planning and maintaining Employee Requisiton Process. Toyota Business Practices method is used to solve the problems. MPP Section is responsible to construct an accurate manpower planning to estimate the manpower needs in FY 15/16. Accurate planning can be constructed by considering all factors that are related and using the right business assumptions. Problems faced in Employee requisition Process is Kanban form for replacement manpower is submitted late to MPP Section, and it reach 34% of total Kanban form received in a period. Improvements that has been done is to construct an annual placement schedule, construct an enrollment monitoring sharefolder, construct a new enrollment form, standardize the Employee Requisition Process and construct SOP to fill the Kanban form. These improvements reduced the number of late Kanban form submitted to MPP Section to 14%.


In this paper, we provide a simple proof of the Holonomy theorem using a new Lyndon–Chiswell length function on the Karnofsky–Rhodes expansion of a semigroup. Unexpectedly, we have both a left and a right action on the Chiswell tree by elliptic maps.


The article studies tax and non-tax revenues, at the expense of which forming of the regional budgets' revenue part is carried out. The revenues have been assessed and the experts' works studying forming of effective regional policy for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation analyzed. The positive and negative factors influencing the growth and decline in total revenues of regional budgets have been revealed with regions rated by this indicator. A model for assessing and forecasting the dynamics of regional development has been proposed. New approaches to management methods and technologies in the formation of scientific and innovation potential parameters on the basis of calculations have been determined. It has allowed to make a conclusion about the differentiation of regions and weak development of scientific potential. In this regard, the mechanism for resource provision implementation of the subjects' spatial development has been devised. It will ensure the innovative development of the regional economy real sector.


UTERINE CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY IN THE MARE Endometritis is the commonest reproductive disease in the mare resulting in decreased fertility and economic losses to the equine industry. Endometritis is manifested by accumulation of intrauterine fluid and cellular debris and its therapy is mainly aimed towards enhancing uterine clearance. Impaired uterine contractile activity (UCA) in susceptible mares has been shown to contribute to defective uterine clearance. In this thesis the importance of UCA in uterine clearance was demonstrated by converting the uterus of a genitally normal mare, using clenbuterol, a (L sympathomimetic, into a susceptible uterus, after bacterial infusion. All clenbuteroltreated mares had intrauterine fluid collections 48 h after the infusion. Uterine contractile activity is mainly controlled by the action of the ecbolic hormones, oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a). The profiles of these two hormones were investigated in resistant and susceptible mares around artificial insemination (AI) and after OT injection. Other stimuli applied only to resistant mares included oestrous and dioestrous teasing, natural service, intrauterine saline infusion and manual manipulation of the genital tract. All stimuli caused OT release and there were no differences in OT profiles between resistant and susceptible mares. However, significantly fewer susceptible mares released PGF2a in response to endogenous OT release or exogenous OT administration. Qualitative measurement of UCA has been reported in mares using ultrasonography and its effect on ecbolic hormone release and subsequently UCA was investigated. There was no evidence to show any effect of ultrasonography on UCA. Utilizing the same technique,'differences in UCA before and after OT administration in oestrous resistant and susceptible mares were investigated. Oestrous resistant mares had higher baseline UCA and OT administration caused uterine spasm in all oestrous mares. However the


A subacute pneumonic disease of a young infant is described. Insidious onset, afebrile course, tachypnea, staccato cough, disseminated crepitations on auscultation, signs of infiltration and hyperexpansion on chest X-ray, eosinophilia as well as elevation of immunoglobulin fractions G and M suggested infection with chlamydia trachomatis. Microbiologic investigations, however, documented active infection with cytomegalovirus. Hence these symptoms were either caused by both organisms or constitute a rare monorganic manifestation of connatal cytomegalovirus disease. The syndrome of subacute pneumonia in the young infant might not necessarily depend on the infection with a specific organism.


The correlation of family smoking habits at home with the incidence of pneumonia among children in Bantul district in 2015 Purpose This study aimed to analyze the association between family smoking habits at home with the incidence of pneumonia in children. Methods This research was a case control study involving 160 children in the district of Bantul (80 with pneumonia and 80 without pneumonia). Results There was an association between family smoking habits at home with the incidence of pneumonia in children at Bantul. Furthermore, it was found the other variables that had a association with the incidence of pneumonia in children at Bantul District included the use of mosquito coils, nutritional status of children and crowded household. The variables of maternal education, immunization status, income parents, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of vitamin A, the type of household fuel, the location of the kitchen, the type of house walls and the activity of burning trash were not associated with the incidence of child pneumonia in the district of Bantul. Conclusion It is necessary to conduct health promotion in all households about the impact of family smoking habits on children, especially in a crowded household. Also, there is need to supervise the family members who have the habit of smoking so the are not smoking inside the house, especially in families with children. It is equally important to repair any lowered nutrition status in children.


Building ontologies is difficult and time-consuming. As such, content reuse has been promoted as an important guiding principle in ontology development. Reusing content from other ontologies can reduce the overall effort involved in new ontology construction and provide better alignment with existing knowledge modeling. However, reuse is not a panacea, and it comes with its own attendant difficulties. In this paper, we investigate some common quality assurance issues associated with reuse, such as duplicated content and versioning problems. Some heuristic-based approaches are proposed for analyzing ontologies for these kinds of quality assurance issues. An analysis is carried out on a sample of the large collection of BioPortal-hosted ontologies, many of which employ reuse. The findings indicate that curators and authors, particularly those new to the reuse process, should be on the alert when developing an ontology with reused content to avoid introducing problems into their own ontologies. Keywords—ontology; modeling; ontology reuse; ontology quality assurance; BioPortal


(76) Inventors: Rahma Benbakoura, Colfontaine Publication Classification (BE). Serge Creutz, Liege (BE); (51) Int. Cl. Sophie Stassen, Brussels (BE) COSL 83/06 (2006.01) COSL3/02 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: C08K 3/26 (2006.01) SYS, & HyAp ATTORNEYS PLLC (52) U.S. Cl. ............................ 524/53: 525/100; 524/424 est Fourth Street Royal Oak, MI 48067 (US) (57) ABSTRACT A solid composition for releasing active silicone ingredients (21) Appl. No.: 12/065,942 contains a cationic polymer, an active silicone ingredient and optionally a thickener and a carrier. The cationic polymer is preferably a homopolymer oracopolymer. The cationic poly (22) PCT Filed: Sep. 1, 2006 mer has higher water solubility at neutral pH than at a basic pH of 9-11. Granular encapsulated compositions can be pre (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2006/065921 pared by using the Solid silicone-releasing composition as a


Purpose : To analyse the efficiency of the tax control, which depends on the type of the carried out activity, the amount of revenue, commercial variety of goods and the number of types of calculations of the certain business entity; to puzzle out the reasons and impact of the complexity of conducting of tax inspections; to see briefly into the history of the development of e-commerce concept; and to examine the main features of the term "e-commerce" on the ground of the analysis of different definitions of this term. Findings : The necessity for the amendments in the current legislation of Ukraine is looked through. Author offers the appropriate changes based on the scrutiny of tax regulations of the foreign e-commerce activity subjects. Among the solutions author suggests to formalize (at the legislation level) the requirement for compulsory registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs pursuant to the specified procedure and the obligation for licencing and relevant permissions. In addition, the usage of the specific methodology of the tax control of entrepreneurial activities of subject of e-commerce should be in the consumer segments. Value : The changes are to be made in normative consolidation of the interchange of information between the authorized registrar websites – organizations that render hosting services in Internet – and fiscal authorities. Moreover, the development of statutory regulation framework of e-money and corresponding payments should be mentioned amongst the first steps that could be taken in the improvement of effectiveness of the tax control in e-commerce.


Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a relevant cause of infertility, is a heterogeneous, endocrine disorder affecting up to 10–15% of women in reproductive age. Besides hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in such syndrome. Insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as Metformin, are effective in treating hyper-insulinemic PCOS patients. Recently, inositols – myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI) – have shown to be an efficient and safe alternative in PCOS management, as both inositol isoforms are able to counteract downstream consequences of insulin resistance. Yet, whereas DCI contributes in mediating insulin activity mainly on non-ovarian tissues, MI displays specific effects on ovary, chiefly by modulating glucose metabolism and FSH-signaling. Moreover, MI may also improve ovarian functions by modulating steroid metabolism through non-insulin-dependent pathways. As DCI and MI activity likely involves different biological mechanisms, both inositol isoforms can be synergistically integrated according to a multitargeted design, by combining MI and DCI in a ratio corresponding to their physiological plasma relative amount (40:1). New experimental and clinical evidence with MI plus DCI evidenced the suitability of such integrated approach, and provided promising results. Further studies need to investigate thoroughly the molecular mechanism and confirm such preliminary data.


An experiment to assess the effect of fertilizer (nitrophos) on the growth rate of culturable carps viz., Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala was conducted in two earthen ponds. Average weight gain in control pond was 80.2, 106.6, 126.1 gm for three fish species, while the weight gain in treated pond was 310, 327.3 and 403.4 gm, respectively. Net fish production in treated and control pond was computed to be 296.3 and 950.0 kg haG, respectively. Treated pond showed 3.30 times higher net fish production than the control pond.


This report describes the results of tests on twine-abrasion and the analysis on the process of twine wear with vinyliden twines. Based on the results of analysis of microphotographs, histograms and values of the tensile strength of the filaments of each sample twine, the following conclusions were made: 1) During the first stage of abrasion, the filaments of a twine develop small hangnails on the surface, resulting in the reduction in diameter of the filaments as the abrasion goes on. During the second stage of abrasion, the abraded filaments snap when the breaking strength of each filament becomes less than the frictional force. And then, the inner filaments of the twine in contact with the abrasive (oil stone) were abraded till they are broken. During the final stage of abrasion, some of the broken filaments get entangled with each other and the tensile strength of an individual filament in the twine ∑t/n which is more in the initial stage appears to be smaller as compared with the tensile strength TN/n per one filament of the abraded twine in the other abrading stage, and get entangled during the process of abrasion. 2) Further, it has been observed that when the filaments of a twine are broken during the process of abrasion, some of the entangled filaments are separated by the frictional force and the twine consisting of the remaining intact filaments continues to undergo abrasion and breaks when the breaking strength of the twine becomes less than the frictional force between the twine and the abrasive.


In this paper a finite element method is presented to study the effects of delamination on free vibration characteristics of graphite-epoxy composite pretwisted rotating shells. Lagrange's equation of motion is used to derive the dynamic equilibrium equation and moderate rotational speeds are considered wherein the Coriolis effect is negligible. An eight noded isoparametric plate bending element is employed in the formulation incorporating rotary inertia and effects of transverse shear deformation based on Mindlin's theory. To satisfy the compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of resultant forces and moments at the delamination crack front, a multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated which leads to unsymmetric stiffness matrices. Parametric studies are performed in respect of location of delamination, fibre orientation, rotational speed and twist angle on natural frequencies of cylindrical shallow shells. Numerical results obtained for symmetric and unsymmetric laminates are the first known non-dimensional frequencies for the analyses carried out here.


A hydrogen-oxygen gas generating system is provided to simplify whole structure by performing heat dissipation without using an electric apparatus such as a cooling fan and a pump. A hydrogen-oxygen gas generating system comprises: a water reservoir(10) storing water and hydrogen-oxygen gas; an inlet port(25) in which a plurality of electrodes(21,22) are formed inside, and the water is flowed; an electrode unit(20) in which an outlet port(26) is formed to exhaust electrolyzed hydrogen-oxygen gas; a first heat dissipation supply pipe(30) which supplies the water to the electrode unit from the water reservoir, and functions as heat dissipation performance; a second heat dissipation supply pipe(40) which supplies mixture of the water and the hydrogen-oxygen gas to the upper side of the water reservoir, and the protection against heat function as heat dissipation performance; a water level maintenance unit(50) being connected to a main water supply pipe(S) and maintaining the water stored in the water reservoir at constant level; a counterflow prevention filter unit(60) for preventing hydrogen-oxygen gas flowed from the water reservoir from being flowed reversely to the water reservoir; and a nozzle(70) which is connected to the counterflow prevention filter unit and sprays the hydrogen-oxygen gas.


The feeding and respiration of different species of the marine copepod Calanus have been studied a good deal, and particular attention has been paid by previous workers—notably Marshall & Orr (1955) an d Conover (1962)—to the extent to which the metabolic needs of the animal are met by the ingestion and assimilation of food in the form of certain species of phytoplankton. In addition, Corner (1961) has shown with C. helgolandicus that the quantities of fat and carbohydrate in particulate material in Plymouth sea water are sufficient to account for the daily needs of the adult animal in summer, as assessed from its respiration rate: and other recent experiments, with C. hyperboreus (Conover, 1962), C. helgolandicus and C.finmarchicus (Marshall & Orr, 1958), have shown that the respiration rate of Calanus falls considerably during the winter months, so that the dietary needs of the animal are likely to be smaller at a time when less food may be available.


Space–time coding introduces spatial and temporal correlations into signals transmitted from multiple antennas in order to provide diversity and coding gain at the receiver. In the field of blindly estimating space–time coded signals impinging on an antenna array, an effective scheme for jointly exploring the constant modulus (CM) and the finite alphabet (FA) constraints is presented. The CM constraints are explored algebraically, whereas the FA constraints are explored via an iterative algorithm considering the constraints imposed by the space–time coded signals. This leads to our novel FACM algorithm that offers a wide range of trade-offs between performance and complexity while it lends itself to an amenable (step-by-step) algorithmic implementation as well as an amenable algorithmic complexity.


In the present paper,a new species of the genus Chorthippus Fieber,1852 is described.Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Shaanxi Normal University.Chorthippus taibaiensis sp.nov.(Fig.1) This new species is allied to Chorthippus huchengensis Xia et Jin,1982 and Chorthippus zhengi Ma et Guo,1995.It differs from both in: 1)maximum width of lateral keels of pronotum 2.2 times its minimum width;2)width of medial area of male 6.0~7.0 times the width of cubital area;3)kneelobes of hind femur black.It differs from the former by the width of interspace of mesosternal lobes of male 1.4 times its length and differs from the latter by the length of prozona as long as metazona.Length of body: ♂15.0~15.5 mm;Length of elytra: ♂13.0~14.5 mm;Length of hind femur: ♂9~10 mm.Holotype ♂:Shaanxi,Taibai,107°3′E,34°1′N,2005-VII-24,collected by YANG Liang;paratype 1♂,same data as holotype.


Along with informationization advancement thorough and Internet rapid development, there exists millions of websites on the Internet. Search engines become a mediator to connect web users and websites. The query logs in which recorded daily contains a wealth of knowledge about the actions of the users of search engines, and as such they contain valuable information about the interests, the preferences, and the behavior of the users, as well as their implicit feedback to search-engine results. By constructing a novel query graph, considering for the classification of queries, which is utilized to build multi-dimensional vector, we adopt social network analysis method to detect communities in the graph to implement website clustering. Website clustering can contribute to spam website, pornographic website and political sensitive website detection. So it can be applied to websites supervision.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the metabolic profiling, antioxidant capacity and anticancer activities of some common widely grown plants of the family Compositae. The total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, saponins, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were determined in the selected plant extracts. In vitro anticancer activity was also assessed using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The plant species revealed different metabolomic profiling. Artemisia showed the highest contents of the detected secondary metabolites compared to other plant extracts. Pulcaria crispa showed the highest inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) among the screened extracts against HepG-2 (8.9 μg/ml) and MCF-7 (8.14 μg/ml). The high performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) of P. crispa extract revealed the presence of high content of three phenolic compounds, benzoic, chlorogenic acid and vanillic acid, along with two polyphenolic compounds, hesperidin and quercetrin. In summary, among the screened extracts, P. crispa has the most potent anti-tumor activity in vitro against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines.

 Key words: Metabolomic, antioxidant, anticancer, plant extracts, HepG-2, MCF-7, cell lines.


DOI: 10.21276/sjhss.2017.2.11.11 Abstract: Globalization nowaday is not only a trend but has become the flow that attracts all nations, gradually breaks the restless or more closure of these systems and will turn them into the part systems open completely that become the attached modules and mutual dependencies within a system of allocation of labor and the global market. One of the reasons that have a strong impact on the development of ASEAN is the origin of the cultural identity of the region. The first side of globalization process is an important factor contributing to the development of the ASEAN region strong; on the other hand, it also impacts on the cultural identity of the area. Acculturation Southeast Asian countries creat the ASEAN cultural identity, and promotes the interests of the countries of Southeast Asia.


ABSTRACT A growing body of evidence documents the negative impacts of eviction case filings on U.S. tenants, including forced moves, additional costs, and obstacles tenants face in finding future housing. Existing research relating evictions or eviction cases to neighborhood characteristics is geographically limited, often to metropolitan regions. In this article, we analyze nearly all eviction case filings in Michigan from 2014 to 2018 at the census tract level, allowing us to analyze how eviction filings differ in urban and rural places. Statewide, a negative binomial regression model confirms eviction case filings are related to previously hypothesized variables, including the presence of children and mortgage foreclosures. The use of interaction terms for urban tracts shows eviction filings in these tracts are more strongly related to the percentage of the population with an associate's degree or higher, vacancy rate, and mortgage foreclosures than in rural tracts. In rural areas, variables related to eviction case filings include job accessibility and the presence of mobile homes.


SummaryThe Dumon stent (or Endoxane), designed in 1987, is a flexible, multisized, studded, silicone prosthesis. This report describes the combined results of Dumon stent placement in Marseille, France (J.F.D.), Brescia, Italy (S.C.), Saint-Etienne, France (J.M.V.), and Barcelona, Spain (P.O.). The


Average life expectancy across the world has increased by more than 10 years since 1980, but non-communicable diseases now account for more than two thirds of all deaths, a new analysis of global health data has shown.1

The Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 analysed the latest available data for 249 causes of death, 315 diseases and injuries, and 79 risk factors in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Researchers estimated all cause mortality by age, sex, geography, and year using what they said was a more accurate approach than previous methods, with better estimates …


Objective To study the expression and significance of B and T lymphocytes,macrophages,and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in the cervical stroma of women with grade Ⅲ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN Ⅲ) or in the intratumoral and peritumoral tissues of women with invasive carcinoma.Methods Cervical tissue specimens were obtained from 20 each from control tissues,CIN Ⅲ and invasive carcinomas.The specimens were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to identify T lymphocytes(CD3),cytotoxic lymphocytes(CD8),B lymphocytes(CD20),macrophages(CD68) and iNOS.Results T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes,macrophages and iNOS were present more frequently in the stroma of peritumoral invasive tumors compared to the controls and intratumoral invasive cancer samples(P 0.05).CD3+ and CD2+0 lymphocytes were present more frequently in CIN Ⅲ patients compared to the samples from patients with invasive tumor(P 0.05).Conclusions High numbers of T and B lymphocytes,macrophages and iNOS expressing cells in the peritumoral stroma of the invasive tumors were observed.Cell migration appeared to be proportional to the progression of the lesion.


Julia's rather bold comment, "A green house but a dumb one!" convinced David that the right time had come for implementing state-of-the-art intelligent-house technologies into his beloved mansion. His motto is "smart and reliable." Leaving the intelligence part aside, in this quiz we are going to focus on the reliability design aspect.


Industrial performance can be defined in terms of numerous criteria to be synthesized for global control purposes, many of them being of a complex nature, i.e. not related to one elementary physical measure. In this context, determining a global performance expression raises the issue of performance expression aggregation. To address such an aggregation issue, so-called performance measurement systems need to be implemented. The analysis of the corresponding literature leads to the conclusion that the majority of the proposed approaches either do not provide explicit aggregation mechanisms or propose overly simplistic methods really to cope with the complexity of the situations at hand. Only a few consider explicit adequate aggregation methods. Therefore, a thorough characterization of performance expression aggregation based on four stages, namely extraction, representation, combination and interpretation, as proposed by the information aggregation community is presented. The contribution deals with the definition of a performance expression combination based on two kinds of performance expressions commonly encountered (physical measures and performance evaluations, i.e. objective satisfaction degrees). Methodological guidelines for performance expression aggregation are proposed as well as associated mathematical tools, especially the fuzzy Choquet integral for taking criteria interactions into account. An industrial case study is used as an illustration, and some concluding remarks and emerging problems to be considered in the future, such as temporal aggregation, are finally pointed out.


The new species Wrightia siamensis D.J.Middleton from Thailand is described and illustrated. A key to the native and commonly cultivated Wrightia species in Thailand is presented.


The preparation of the phenanthridine derivative compound was achieved by adopting an efficient one-pot synthetic approach. The condensation of an ethanolic mixture of benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone and ammonium acetate in a 2:1:1 mole ratio resulted in the formation of the title compound. Analytical and spectroscopic techniques were used to confirm the nature of the new compound. A mechanism for the formation of the phenanthridine moiety that is based on three steps has been suggested


Many existing factors are found to affect the factor of safety (FS) for slope stability analysis due to the different analysis methods employed. Even when the same analysis method is used, such as finite element (FE) method; if the element type, node number, boundary conditions, and model dimensions change, different FS numbers will be present. The remarkable improvement on computational tools makes three-dimensional (3-D) FE approaches easier to access. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present the advantages of 3-D FE techniques used in slope stability analysis in terms of geometry and boundary conditions. Furthermore, this paper presents the parametric studies on several cases using 2-D limit equilibrium methods (LE), as well as the 2-D and 3-D FE analyses. The elastic-plastic Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is employed in the analyses. The comparisons are made between these numerical methods for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous slopes. The strength reduction factor (SFR) obtained from the 2-D analyses is considered to be relatively conservative compared to 3-D FE analysis. However, the discrepancy on the SFR between 2-D and 3-D FE analyses is very limited unless the boundary conditions change on z planes. The boundary conditions assumed in the z planes are important to 3-D finite element analysis, while the effect of length in the z direction can be ignored if the roller-roller type of conditions is applied. The progressive failure can also be observed in the increments of analysis. Moreover, the limitations of LE and 2-D FE analyses are also identified when the complex failure mechanism of a slope is concerned.


Three flavan derivatives were synthesized from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-substituted acetophenones by condensation to give 2-hydroxychalcones followed by catalytic hydrogenation with an overall yield of 39%-46%.


A mixed hypergraph H is a triple (X,C,D), where X is a finite set and each of C and D is a family of subsets of X. For any positive integer λ, a proper λ-coloring of H is an assignment of λ colors to vertices in H such that each member in C contains at least two vertices assigned the same color and each member in D contains at least two vertices assigned different colors. The chromatic polynomial of H is the graph-function counting the number of distinct proper λ-colorings of H whenever λ is a positive integer. In this article, we show that chromatic polynomials of mixed hypergraphs under certain conditions are zero-free in the intervals (−∞,0) and (0,1), which extends known results on zero-free intervals of chromatic polynomials of graphs and hypergraphs.


An overview of the importance of marketing in the commercialization of products and services that offers the National Center of Information of Medical Sciences is presented.


The invention aims to provide a method and equipment used for executing object operation on a touch terminal. Particularly, first operation, on a touch screen of the touch terminal, of a user is obtained; a corresponding target action zone is distinguished and displayed in a corresponding scene on the touch screen according to the first operation; second operation, on a touch button on the touch screen, of the user is obtained; the object operation corresponding to the second operation is executed in the target action zone. In comparison with the prior art, the user can operate the target action zone and skill release on the touch screen to execute operation on an object in a specific scene, which conforms to human engineering, the user is supported to execute the operation on the scene object conveniently, correspondingly, more complex man-machine interaction is supported, the man-machine interaction efficiency is improved, and equipment use experience of the user is promoted.


Keynote Address.- Guaranteed Software Quality.- Building an Experience Base for Software Engineering: A Report on the First CeBASE eWorkshop.- A Contingency Approach to Software Development.- Career-Long Education for Software Professionals: A US View of the Educational Challenges in a Rapidly-Changing Technology.- Quality of Software.- Cognitive Structures of Software Evaluation: A Means-End Chain Analysis of Quality.- Requirements Evolution From Process to Product Oriented Management.- Software Process Assessment and Improvement.- A Case Study on Scenario-based Process Flexibility Assessment for Risk Reduction.- Contexts of KM Based SPI: The Case of Software Design Experience Reuse.- Models and Success Factors of Process Change.- Process Improvement in Turbulent Times - Is CMM Still an Answer?.- Assessment of Maintenance Maturity in IT Departments of Public Entities: Two Case Studies.- Evaluating a Usability Capability Assessment.- Organizational Learning and Experience Factory.- Building an Experience Base for Software Engineering: A Report on the First CeBASE eWorkshop.- Experience Magnets Attracting Experiences, Not Just Storing Them.- Improving Knowledge Management in Software Reuse Process.- Processes and Knowledge Management: A Symbiosis.- Augmenting Experience Reports with Lightweight Postmortem Reviews.- A Tool for Managing Software Development Knowledge.- Industrial Experiences and Case Studies.- Starting Improvement of Requirements Engineering Processes: An Experience Report.- A Family-Oriented Software Development Process for Engine Controllers.- Enabling Local SPI in a Multi-National Company.- Project Improvement as Start-up.- Software and Process Modeling.- LIPE:A Lightweight Process for E-Business Startup Companies Based on Extreme Programming.- Evaluation of the E3 Process Modelling Language and Tool for the Purpose of Model Creation.- Describing Fractal Processes with UML.- Extending the Software Process Culture - An Approach Based on Groupware and Workflow.- Towards Systematic Knowledge Elicitation for Descriptive Software Process Modeling.- Modular Process Patterns Supporting an Evolutionary Software Development Process.- Empirical Software Engineering.- A Classification Scheme for Studies on Fault-Prone Components.- Program Understanding Behavior During Estimation of Enhancement Effort on Small Java Programs.- Evaluation of a Business Application Framework Using Complexity and Functionality Metrics.


A variety of optically active beta-allenols and beta-allenyl acetates were synthesized via the Novozym 435-mediated kinetic resolution of racemic beta-allenols. A dramatic solvent effect was observed for the stereoselectivity. The scope of the substrates and the effect of the concentration and temperature on the reaction were also investigated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed as a promising technique for the fifth generation wireless networks. In this study, the authors investigate the performance of a cooperative relaying scheme using NOMA (termed NOMA-AF-CRS), where two sources communicate with their corresponding destinations over the same frequency simultaneously through a shared amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. First, the closed-form approximations are derived for the outage probability. The analytical results are further evaluated in the high signal-to-noise ratio region to characterise the diversity order achieved by the system. Then, the ergodic sum capacity of NOMA-AF-CRS is analysed and an upper bound to the ergodic sum capacity is derived. Finally, simulation results are presented to verify the proposed analysis and demonstrate the advantages of NOMA-AF-CRS over the conventional orthogonal multiple access techniques.


Let p(·) : R → (0, 1] be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous condition and L a one to one operator of type ω in L(R), with ω ∈ [0, π/2), which has a bounded holomorphic functional calculus and satisfies the DaviesGaffney estimates. In this article, the authors introduce the variable weak Hardy space WH p(·) L (R) associated with L via the corresponding square function. Its molecular characterization is then established by means of the atomic decomposition of the variable weak tent space WT p(·)(Rn) which is also obtained in this article. In particular, when L is non-negative and self-adjoint, the authors obtain the atomic characterization of WH p(·) L (R). As an application of the molecular characterization, when L is the second-order divergence form elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficient, the authors prove that the associated Riesz transform ∇L−1/2 is bounded from WHp(·) L (R) to the variable weak Hardy space WHp(·)(Rn). Moreover, when L is non-negative and self-adjoint with the kernels of {e−tL}t>0 satisfying the Gauss upper bound estimates, the atomic characterization of WH p(·) L (R) is further used to characterize the space via non-tangential maximal functions.


Coumarins or benzo-2-pyrone derivatives are one of the most significant families of natural compounds and are also important in synthetic organic chemistry. They have been widely used as starting materials or precursor molecules in the pharmaceutical, perfumery and agrochemical industries, etc. Hydroxycoumarins are an important class of coumarin compounds that possess several physical, chemical and biological properties. Among the hydroxycoumarins, 3-hydroxycoumarin seems to be the most important because of its numerous chemical, photochemical and biological properties. However, this compound remains less well known compared to others of the same class such as 7-hydroxycoumarin and 4-hydroxycoumarin. This study is therefore devoted to 3-hydroxycoumarin and its applications. The main purpose of this review is to summarize and document the recent advances on 3-hydroxycoumarin, concerning the main routes of its synthesis, its reactivity, its applications in different fields of biology. Several methods for the synthesis of 3-hydroxycoumarin have been described in the literature, most of which use salicylic aldehyde and 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone as starting compounds. Other synthesis pathways exist, but they are based on intermediate synthesis compounds. Concerning the reactivity of 3-hydroxycoumarin, many heterocyclic compounds obtained from 3-hydroxycoumarin have been reported in the literature. Among these heterocycles are pyrido[2,3-c]coumarin derivatives, chromeno[4,3-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives, dihydropyrano[2,3-c] chromenes and 3-coumarinyl carboxylates. Various researches have also concerned the biological properties of this compound. It appears from these numerous studies that 3-hdroxycoumarin is used in fields such as genetics, pharmacology, microbiology, etc.


This international journal is devoted to the history of the Arabic sciences, mathematics and philosophy in the world of Islam between the eighth and the eighteenth centuries in a cross-cultural context. It publishes original studies of the highest standard on the history of these disciplines as well as studies of the inter-relations between Arabic sciences and philosophy and Greek, Indian, Chinese, Latin, Byzantine, Syriac and Hebrew sciences and philosophy. Arabic Sciences and Philosophy casts new light on the growth of these disciplines as well as on the social and ideological context in which this growth took place. Articles are published in English, French or German with abstracts in French and English.


Based on the requirements of transportation and logistics information technology development strategy in Yangtze River Delta, this paper proposed planning strategies and designing methods of a integrated transportation and logistics information platform, as well as a specific information platform system architecture and functional model, for the Delta region. The technology paths and methods of the functional components of this information platform were also discussed comprehensively.


Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org e241 Objectives: Lung-protective ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome aims for providing sufficient oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance, while limiting the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation. "Flow-controlled ventilation", providing a constant expiratory flow, has been suggested as a new lungprotective ventilation strategy. The aim of this study was to test whether flow-controlled ventilation attenuates lung injury in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Design: Preclinical, randomized controlled animal study. Setting: Animal research facility. Subjects: Nineteen German landrace hybrid pigs. Intervention: Flow-controlled ventilation (intervention group) or volume-controlled ventilation (control group) with identical tidal volume (7 mL/kg) and positive end-expiratory pressure (9 cm H2O) after inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome with oleic acid. Measurements and Main Results: Pao2 and Paco2, minute volume, tracheal pressure, lung aeration measured via CT, alveolar wall thickness, cell infiltration, and surfactant protein A concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Five pigs were excluded leaving n equals to 7 for each group. Compared with control, flow-controlled ventilation elevated Pao2 (154 ± 21 vs 105 ± 9 torr; 20.5 ± 2.8 vs 14.0 ± 1.2 kPa; p = 0.035) and achieved comparable Paco2 (57 ± 3 vs 54 ± 1 torr; 7.6 ± 0.4 vs 7.1 ± 0.1 kPa; p = 0.37) with a lower minute volume (6.4 ± 0.5 vs 8.7 ± 0.4 L/ min; p < 0.001). Inspiratory plateau pressure was comparable in both groups (31 ± 2 vs 34 ± 2 cm H2O; p = 0.16). Flow-controlled ventilation increased normally aerated (24% ± 4% vs 10% ± 2%; p = 0.004) and decreased nonaerated lung volume (23% ± 6% vs 38% ± 5%; p = 0.033) in the dependent lung region. Alveolar walls were thinner (5.5 ± 0.1 vs 7.8 ± 0.2 μm; p < 0.0001), cell infiltration was lower (20 ± 2 vs 32 ± 2 n/field; p < 0.0001), and normalized surfactant protein A concentration was higher with flow-controlled ventilation (1.1 ± 0.04 vs 1.0 ± 0.03; p = 0.039). Conclusions: Flow-controlled ventilation enhances lung aeration in the dependent lung region and consequently improves gas exchange and attenuates lung injury. Control of the expiratory flow DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004209 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 2Experimental Surgery, Center for Experimental Models and Transgenic Service, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal). Presented as an abstract at Euroanaesthesia, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 3, 2018. This work was carried out at the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center University of Freiburg. Drs. Schmidt's, Wenzel's, Spassov's, Borgmann's, Lin's, Wirth's, and Schumann's institution received funding for the submitted work from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, grant agreement No. 691519, in cooperation with Ventinova Medical B.V. (Eindhoven, The Netherlands), Unitron Group B.V. (IJzendijke, The Netherlands), and the Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet (Copenhagen, Denmark). Dr. Wollborn reports grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, outside the submitted work. Dr. Meckel reports personal fees from Acandis GmbH, Covidien, Medtronic, Microvention, and Stryker; grants from Bracco S.p.A.; and personal fees from Novartis, outside the submitted work. He received funding from Acandis, Medtronic, Stryker, Microvention, and Novartis Pharma. Dr. Schumann reports personal fees from Gründler medical and grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft outside the submitted work. Dr. Schumann's institution received grant funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft # SCHU 2499/4-1, # SCHU 2499/5-1, # SCHU 2499/7-1, and # SCHU 2499/8-1. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest. Address requests for reprints to: Johannes Schmidt, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. E-mail: johannes.schmidt@ uniklinik-freiburg.de Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Flow-Controlled Ventilation Attenuates Lung Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Preclinical Randomized Controlled Study


Objective
To investigate the efficacy and feasibility of microwave coagulation in reducing the intraoperative bleeding during laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Clinical data of 35 patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2013 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. According to whether the microwave coagulation was used during the operation, the patients were divided into microwave coagulation-assisted laparoscopic liver resection group (microwave group) and laparoscopic liver resection group (laparoscopic group). In the microwave group (n=12), 8 patients were male and 4 were female, aged (57±7) years on average. In the laparoscopic group (n=23), 18 cases were male and 5 were female, aged (51±12) years on average. The perioperative blood loss between two groups was statistically compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The ratio comparison was performed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test.

Results
The intraoperative blood loss in microwave group was 90(50, 200) ml, significantly less than 200(100, 500) ml in laparoscopic group (Z=-2.520, P 0.05).

Conclusions
Microwave coagulation can effectively reduce the intraoperative bleeding during laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC and improve the safety of operation, which is an effective assisting technique for liver resection.

Key words:
Carcinoma, hepatocellular; Hepatectomy; Microwaves; Laparoscopes


Many families feel that pediatricians just don't listen when they try to voice concerns about vaccines. Our recommendation: Identify each family's specific issues, target your response accordingly, and use a nonconfrontational approach. Time-consuming lectures on big subjects like immunology generally aren't needed.


A group of 104 patients with various grades of severity of the periodontal disease and a control group of healthy volunteers were examined. On the basis of an examination of the nucleoli, the activity of the RNA synthesis in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood was established. Patients with a very advanced periodontal disease showed a statistically highly significant increase in the ratio of active and reversibly inactivated lymphocytes. Thus, the significance of immune factors in the development of the periodontal disease was confirmed.


It is necessary to form an innovative strategy as a search engine, the formulation and development of the doctrine, which will provide long-term success in the case of coherent and comprehensive implementation strategy, which will be a guide to selected targets in the chaos of the future and the unknown, without focusing, at the same time on the past. A key factor will be the brand new step strategist who managed at the junction between the past and the future, form a strategy fundamentally new features on the way out of the crisis. The author considered one of the methods of integrated solutions in the management of innovation the creation and management of business incubators the newly created and young companies at an early stage. She emphasized that today from strategists are waiting for new steps to create a fundamentally new opportunities on the road to recovery. It's about search strategies, development and introduction of advanced equipment and technology in the chaos of the future and the unknown.


Through the study of various problems in the elimination game, with unity 3D technology which has the advantages of convenient interactive graphical development environment and the cross-platform features, and C# scripting language is simple, safety, efficient, this paper carefully investigated and described the candy elimination of categories in mobile Android game algorithm design, AI design and the game development process. To achieve the level of the game options, multiple candy elimination, special effects, scores of statistics, and other functions. For the development of such games or other games with a certain guidance and reference.


Abstract When a city in a peripheral location has shrunk dramatically over recent decades, what potential does it have to keep or attract residents over the long term? Could testing life in new locations for a limited period help identify urban strengths and weaknesses, which can then be exploited for future development? The 'Probewohnen – Trial residencies' project gave interested persons the chance to experience daily life in the historic centre of the German city of Görlitz for a week. Scientific surveys provided information on the expectations and experiences of the project participants. The results show that third-tier cities with good infrastructure and a historic building stock have great potentials as future residential hubs.


The study aims to analyze the activities of European repeater who visiting destinations of Ubud. The research method was designed as qualitative, which applies the action theory in the search for the meaning behind the European repeater activities in Ubud. The data were collected by conducting a survey, indepth interviews to Ubud European repeater, tourism stakeholders, and did library research. The final sample includes 100 European tourists taken by quota accidental sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of this study indicate a trend of tourist actions when first came as tourists, but when visiting more than twice they will have a business. This activity changes start from his interest in the destinations of Ubud, see the opportunities that exist, and establish relations with local communities. Ubud as tourism destination in Bali are able to attract European tourists who have an interest in art and culture. From this point, many European tourists who visited Ubud more than two visits. In fact, many tourists who eventually settled in Ubud or own a businesses related Ubud tourism specially villa rental, tour activities and restaurants. There are five reasons underlying European repeater turned in to business including the first, the people of Ubud are friendly and open with the presence of European tourists. Second, Ubud as an international village visited by many tourists who are not only from Europe but all over the world, so that is where the market is highly strategic. The third, European tourists have access to the broader business than local entrepreneurs plus the value of the currency is much more higher so pick greater capital. Fourth, European tourists saw a tendency of local people prefer to be working than trying to take a risks become entrepreneur, so as to be an advantage for European tourists. Fifth, the rules and regulations about tourism businesses still do not include details of foreign businessmen, so that the law can still be arranged when they have business in Ubud illegally. The conclusion of this study were the tourist activity needs to be managed and well planned so it can give a benefit to local communities and tourism can be sustainable. European tourists are very interested in Ubud for nature and culture, let the resources could be enjoyed only, it's not be bought or controlled by the tourists. As the host communities, preservation of nature and the culture is the way to develop a sustainable tourism by also participates in the tourism industry. KeywordsEuropean Tourists, Repeater, Activities, Business, Ubud Village INTRODUCTION The tourists on a journey to a place influenced by the push and pull factors from the place they wanted to visit (Murphy, 1985). There is a phenomenon that often occurs but very rarely thought of the tourism stakeholder where the tourists will come back to the place they have visited before. In this phenomenon, there are some things that cause tourists to come again become a tourist in the destination. Destinations as a tourism product, its need to compared, the rating was added to the appropriate kind of activity undertaken in the tourism system (Leiper, 1979). Indeed, tourism is a role industry, where there is a role as a seeker of money (the services tourism) and also there are the people who spend the money (tourists). Further more, the role of the tourists are better known as the actor who spends his money, tourists must be have certain characteristics in his behavior. In accordance with the opinion of Kotler said the tourists are consumers in a tourism industry. Consumers are an important element in the marketing of a product including tourism products (Kotler, 2004). Moreover, that a company or destination can define the target market, but a failure to grasp customer needs accurately. Customers mean the tourists visiting a destination or who will visit. It required in-depth study to find out how the actual experience of their chosen activities and followed. The tourist's activities usually they took on the destination they choose. Ubud as a cultural and tourist village destination is the place, which receive much international tourist arrivals from Europe. Ubud also receive a lot of repeaters tourists who want a deeper experience on travelling in Bali. They also have a high degree of involvement in the interaction with the host community. Ubud village is famous for art and culture, as the results tourists can interact directly with local communities. Asia Tourism Forum 2016 – The 12th Biennial Conference of Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Asia (ATF-16) © 2016. The authors – Published by Atlantis Press 0114 Within this interaction, tourists obtain and perform new actions for themself. A concrete example can be seen in Ubud, there are many tourists who want to learn to dance, traditional Balinese music lessons, learn to paint, and some cultural activities. By activity, tourists will learn to understand how the Balinese people interpret it. Interaction that exists is very close between tourists and local communities represented. European repeaters want the establishment of an interaction because they need something new to the life. The interaction that tourists get in Ubud certainly not will exactly in the region of origin, so that is resulting in a lot of tourists who want to stay settled in Ubud. In this case, understanding the quality of tourist activities is needed for better management of tourism destination. Researches on European repeaters are very important. The research to investigate the activities and experiences of European repeater in the tourism area of Ubud is still limited. In fact, European repeaters can do many activities with related to social and culture of Balinese life. Of course, a lot of action will effect to the sustainability of the destination, so stakeholder of tourism have to know its have a positive or negative impact. The problem is not when the people visiting destination as a tourists, but when the people visiting destination to have a business. Study of European repeaters will be able to provide an overview of responses to the tourists who visited tourism destination with some motivation especially business. Reversed so that the tourist activity have some kind of meaning that need to know what exactly tourists wants on their way in the village of Ubud. RESEARCH METHOD AND LIMITATION The study was conducted in the village of Ubud, Bali Province. Respondents were taken from several locations places of interest such as Monkey Forest, Ubud Palace, Ubud art market, museums, homestay, and a rice field trekking. Data retrieval research was conducted in May until the end of June 2013 for survey methods and April 2016 for interviews method. The total samples in the study were 100 European repeaters consisting of tourists from France, Germany, Russia, England and Swiss by purposive sampling. Data collected by survey method using structured questionnaire. To get more information then conducted in-depth interviews to several informants from European repeater. Research supported by the observation that observed directly in the village of Ubud. As a tool, use a camera to take some photo documentation of the tourists who were conducting activities in the village of Ubud. The study comes with a literature review of various previous research results, concepts, theories, and other documents related to this study. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitatively which the description of the data compiled systematic, timely and reliable information on the facts that happen (Creswell, 2010). This research object is tourist action (activities) that have trend, so the action sometime will be different because it can be changed base on the real time situation. It is difficult to generalize all the tourists will have a business; even on this research purpose it is not find the positive or negative impact of the activities taken by the tourists. It is limited to show and find there is some activities will give impact for the sustainability of Ubud tourism. It will be good when managed well, and bad if there is lack of planning and management especially in community involvement. So, it is need more research about tourists activities not only for European repeater to compare the tendency on the activities that taken by the tourist visiting Ubud. EUROPEAN REPEATER PERCEPTION The attractiveness encourage European repeater to visit the village of Ubud, the bulk of tourists choose to do activities visit the gallery of paintings and learn the art and culture located in Ubud. European tourists who've been to Ubud are possible for them to come back because of their fascination with the unique art and culture located in the village of Ubud. From many of the uniqueness of the village of Ubud as the foreign tourists, especially European tourists interested in returning to enjoy and spend their free time for a visit to Ubud and activities that rich in traditional art and culture of Bali (MacRae, 2015). Thus it has been owned Ubud assets must be maintained and preserved by the people of Ubud in particular, and Bali communities as well. The people of Ubud are friendly and open with the presence of European tourists that make European love Ubud. When they have business in Ubud, European tourists have access to the broader business than local entrepreneurs plus the value of the currency is much more higher so pick greater capital. European tourists saw a tendency of local people prefer to be working than trying to take a risks become entrepreneur, so as to be an advantage for European tourists. The rules and regulations about tourism businesses still do not include details of foreign businessmen, so that the law can still be arranged when they have business in Ubud illegally. EUROPEAN REPEATER CHARACTERISTICS BEEN TO UBUD Table 1 shows the characteristics of European repeaters who visit the village of Ubud. It's includes


A precise measurement of motor function, Methods-Time Measurement, was used to analyze motor performance in patients with Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa therapy. The data indicate an initial improvement, in all motions of the upper extremity, that reaches a maximum and then slowly declines over a period of years. Thus it appears that Parkinson's disease continues to advance despite treatment with L-dopa. It is unlikely that a biochemical disorder is the basis of the illness. More likely a basic neuropathologic disorder is responsible for inducing dopamine deficiency, so that arresting the condition will depend on identification and correction of this more fundamental defect.


In the current popular of America, fat is seen as a very bad thing. Having excess weight is not only a perceived health risk, but is also socially unacceptable. Three major areas relating to fat— medical research, body image and self-esteem, and social justice—are explored in order to explain the current perceptions of excess weight, the impact these perceptions have and what could be done to change them. The overarching goal of this project is to make readers more aware of the conflicting research there is about fat, to show how unnecessary this negative view of excess weight is and how devastating it is to those who are fat. Degree Type Open Access Senior Honors Thesis Department Women's and Gender Studies


Due to the inefficient use of the licensed frequency spectrum, a significant portion of the spectrum is left unutilized. This has led to the emerging of the Cognitive Radio (CR) as new technology that can access the white spaces in the licensed spectrum for improved spectrum utilization efficiency. In this paper, we present a scheme for detecting cyclostationary feature embedded in multicarrier signals like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC). The cyclostationary feature is generated due to the presence of pilot signals at certain subcarriers commonly used for channel estimation and frequency offset estimation. Therefore, no especial restrictions on the Primary User (PU) signal are imposed in order to generate the desired Cyclostationary Signature (CS). Both cases of scattered pilots and continuous pilots are considered. The algorithm is based on observing a periodic pattern in the cyclic autocorrelation function created by the pilot subcarriers, this periodic pattern is considered the cyclic signature and it can be extracted without prior knowledge of the signal parameters. The performance is evaluated under different impairments conditions like timing offset, frequency offset and multipath channel in addition to AWGN. Results show that FBMC has about 2-3dB signal-to-noise ration advantage over OFDM in continuous pilots mode and both modulations perform comparably in scattered pilots mode.


The invention divides an entire frequency band into a plurality of subcarrier bands, in advance of the predetermined set of adjacent sub-carriers of a number of sub-bands and, with a set of sub-channels of the sub-band of a predetermined number, the sub-channels is not used in an adjacent base station, in a wireless communication system including a reliable channel is allocated to particular subscriber stations, a method of assigning a reliable channel, the subscriber station is the threshold the channel is a channel quality of sub-channels which are assigned the preset If the quality is less than the process of transmitting its channel quality information to the base station and the subscriber station, the base station allocates the stable channel to the SS, if the channel quality, receiving the channel quality information is less than the threshold CQI. Carrier-to-interference ratio, an orthogonal frequency division multiple, stable channel, subchannel


To the Editor. —During the past few years, studies of the aging process have suggested that development and aging in higher organisms may be genetically encoded in the brain and controlled by a precisely scheduled timetable. 1 Recent evidence from studies of the blind implies that the pineal organ, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and their biologic clock may regulate this process. Data supporting this hypothesis come from a recent study of survivorship among the blind. 2 Blind persons younger than age 25 with retrolental fibroplasia were found to have a significantly better ten-year survival rate ( P


Objectives: Severe ischemic cardiomyopathy is a main cause for implantation of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Despite permanent support of the left ventricle, patients remain dependent on sufficient right heart function. Severe ventricular arrhythmia may significantly impact right ventricular output, resulting in reduced LVAD flow and insufficient circulation. Methods: A 62 years old patient underwent an emergency LVAD-implantation in acute cardiac decompensation due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. After uneventful 48h on ICU and after extubation the patient developed recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and recurrent defibrillation was required several times a day. With ventricular fibrillation LVAD flow decreased by 50% and resulted in insufficient organ perfusion. Echocardiography showed a correct position of the LVAD-inflow cannula without any aspiration phenomena of the ventricular or septal wall. A coronary angiography revealed marginal bloodflow through a extensively stented LAD, without any options for revascularization. An interventional occlusion of the LAD was declined due to unforseeable risks of further ischemic deterioration of the septal contraction Results: For restoration of sufficient LVAD flow and circulation, defibrillation was initially required up to 40 times a day. Standard drugs including amiodarone, metoprolol and flecainid were not effective at all. Only continuous i.v. application of lidocaine 2% in high dosages (20 ml/h) helped to reduce the intervalls of fibrillation. However, during the following period of 8 days the patient required still 5–10 defibrillations per day. Since long term i.v. lidocaine therapy led to epileptic seizures, we decided to block the stellate ganglion with local application of 15 ml lidocaine 1% until a horner syndrome developed and changed the medication to propranolol monotherapy (3 mg i.v., 4 x/day). After this approach the episodes of VF immediately disappeared and stable ventricular pacing via ICD was established. Weaning from mechanical ventilation could be achieved. Conclusion: Stellate ganglion block and accompanying therapy with propranolol should be considered in LVAD-patients with uncontrollable recurrent ventricular fibrillation.


NiCr2O4 has been prepared through the easy precipitation reaction of Ni2+ and Cr3+ (1 : 2 mol ratio) in aqueous NH3 followed by annealing at a high temperature. This is the first time that NiCr2O4 has been used as an electrode material for a supercapacitor. As expected, the NiCr2O4 exhibits good supercapacitive performance: at a current density of 0.6 A g−1, the specific capacitances of NiCr2O4 in the three-electrode and two-electrode setups are 422 and 187 F g−1, respectively; the energy density for the NiCr2O4 symmetric device reaches 6.5 W h kg−1 at a power density of 3000 W kg−1; and about 80% of the capacitance is retained after 2000 charge/discharge cycles. Therefore, research on NiCr2O4 as a supercapacitor material is necessary.


This study presented a high temperature material damping test method and developed a n experiment apparatus. A resonance dwell technique using a double-reed specimen was proposed to test the ma terial damping of high temperature alloy. This tes t sys tem consis ts o f five subsystems including heating oven and heating control system, vacuum control system, temperature monitoring system, water cooling system and vibratio n signal measurement system. Using this testing system, the materia l damping of Ti-6-4 alloy was tested, and the relations between material damping and temperature or frequency were obtained. Test results sho ws that Ti-6-4 dampin g increases with tempe rature, bu t it is ver y nonlin ear dependence; Ti-6-4 dampi ng ratio keeps nearly constant from room temperature to 600 F ° , and then rapidly increase at higher temps above 600 F°; very slight dependence of damping for Ti-6-4 on frequency was observed.


Family disputes and custody issues involving children are some of the most difficult human interactions imaginable. Ariel Marguin questions whether the current family law system provides the best way to resolve these matters.


The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a VistaEQ product containing 4% live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Y1242 on faecal microbial populations when supplemented to high-starch and high-fibre diets using Illumina next generation sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Seven mature Welsh ponies were used in a complete randomised 4 x 4 Latin square design consisting of 4 x 19-day periods. After DNA extractions from faeces and library preparation, alfa-diversity and Least disciminate analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis were performed using 16S metagenomics pipeline in QIIME v1.9.0. Differences between the groups were considered significant when linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score >2. The study results showed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to induce positive changes in the equine microbiota when supplemented to a high-fibre diet: it increased relative abundance (RA) of members of Lachnospiraceae and Dehalobacteriaceae families, associated with a healthy core microbiome. Moreover, yeast supplementation increased the counts of fibrolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus) when fed with a high-fibre diet and reduced counts of lactate producing bacteria (Streptococcus) when a high-starch diet was fed. In addition, yeast increased RA of acetic, succinic acid producing bacterial family (Succinivibrionaceae) and butyrate producing bacterial genus (Roseburia) when fed with high-starch and high-fibre diets, respectively.


This study was undertaken to identify the factors affecting sugarcane production in Pakistan. Data were collected from 387 sugarcane growers from Sindh, Punjab and NWFP province. Data were collected during the period 2007-08. The study reveals that the costs of inputs of sugarcane i.e. urea, DAP, FYM, land preparation, seed and its application, weeding and cost of irrigation were the important factors which influenced on the returns of sugarcane growers. The effectiveness was examined by using the Cobb-Douglas production function; MVP and allocative efficiency were calculated. The coefficient of multiple determinations R2 was 0.9249, which indicated that 92% variation in the cost of inputs was explained by all explanatory variables and the adjusted R2 was 92%. The F-value was 666.94 and was highly significant at 5% level of significance, indicating that the regression model was well fitted. The high prices of inputs, low price of output, delay in payments and lack of scientific knowledge were the major problems in sugarcane production. In order to enhance the productivity of sugarcane in the country, government should solve the identified problems to increase the income of sugarcane growers.


The aim of this study was evaluation of effect of biomechanical movements on concentration of blood glucose and lipids in professional athletes of kung fu toa 21 and control samples. Both groups preformed 25 sport tasks based on exercise program of Farfan and Gracovetsky in two independent 15 min activity at submaximal level (HR max 150 ± 13.5) and after performing sport program at maximal level (HRmax 195 ± 4) they performed exhaustion activity. Blood samples were collected from both groups before and after exercise based on standard methods. Based on our experiment blood glucose in professional athletes showed lower concentration in comparison with controls significantly, 101±1 mg/dl and 109±1.9 mg/dl, respectively in resting state (P 0.5). But in maximal state showed a considerable alteration, 172±10 mg/dl and 119±2 mg/dl, respectively (P 0.5 after submaximal activity) but exhaustion state did not show any considerable alteration(p>0.5). Blood cholesterol and LDL-C showed a considerable increase in all three states in controls(p 0.5) but after maximal state showed an increase in professional athletes(p<0.01). This result showed that physical activity based on Farfan et al. methods alters the concentration of blood TG and glucose in both groups considerably. These alterations probably regulates by glucose hypothalamo-hypophyses system and adrenal glands through neurohomoral pathway.


Spatial keyword queries have been widely studied recently, along with the emergence of large amount of geo-textual data. We consider the problem of scalable collective spatial keyword queries in this paper. Such query has a wide spectrum of applications; for instance, to find the best (nearest) area to organize a friend get-together where bars, restaurants and accommodations are nearby, and compose a group of members from different professional domains, e.g., computing, accounting, etc, for a specific task, etc. While existing algorithms processes the queries well, we observe their shortcomings in handling large-scale datasets. To this end, we propose a distributed solution following Spark programming paradigm. Moreover, a grid-based optimization technique is further proposed to enhance the efficiency. Extensive experiments on various datasets confirm that the proposed algorithm efficiently solves the problem at scale.


The discipline of phraseology covers a wide variety of topics relating to the structure and usage of phraseological units. These units of language carry cultural meanings which are reproduced within their own cultural context. Among the different types of phraseological units are false friends. False friends are lexical or phraseological units that take a similar or identical form in two or more languages, but which vary semantically. False friends are deeply intertwined with the context in which they are created. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the importance of the relationship between text and context in the study of phraseological false friends using an emic approach. The findings outline the need for context to be emphasised in the production of dictionaries containing phraseological false friends. The study of these deceptive phraseological units has implications for contrastive analysts, curriculum designers, foreign language teachers and students, philologists, translation theorists, translators, as well as phraseographers and phraseologists.


"A low fellow named Lopez at the head of a small gang has been roving about various towns of the Chalco District proclaiming war against the rich and passing out hacienda lands to the natives. From the districts roundabout, forces have been mobilized to chase out this rabble."This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


This paper describes an improved infrared scanning microscope. It was designed for use as an analytical tool where temperature or small thermal gradients might be an indication of device failure or potential failure. This method would be particularly applicable, for instance, to dynamic testing of integrated circuits where conventional techniques are generally unsuitable. Initial tests indicate that the instrument is capable of 0.5°C temperature resolution and 1.5 mil spatial resolution. A prime design objective was to achieve a direct temperature readout.


Two aspects of the book's structure and approach are unusual and worth noting. First, Shannon accomplishes much of the biographical work through eight "chronologies," which juxtapose significant events and writings in Merton's life with a wide array of events on the world scene. The comparisons that emerge are often startling and enable us to see well-known events in Merton's life in a new light. Secondly, while the chapters themselves are arranged in roughly chronological order, they are thematically driven. This gives Shannon the freedom, within each chapter, to explore ideas and issues that were central to Merton's spirituality, and to suggest how they fit into the broad pattern of his life. The high level of Shannon's accomplishment is achieved through his careful reading of Merton's transitions and his overall balance. With the same skill he displayed in Thomas Merton's Dark Path, Shannon demonstrates the value of reading an author's work (and the revisions of his work) closely. For example, by carefully scrutinizing the sequence of Merton's writings on war and peace during a twelve-month period in 1961 and 1962, Shannon shows not only what an extraordinarily tense, demanding, and lonely period this was for Merton, but also how hard he worked to revise and refine his thought in the face of mounting criticism. Shannon also demonstrates rare balance and judgment in interpreting the various struggles that pervaded Merton's life—such as the tension Merton experienced between solitude and writing in the mid-1950s, his battles with superiors over his writing on war and peace, and the questions about intimacy and his commitment to monastic life raised by his relationship with the student nurse in 1966. Eschewing extremes and axe grinding, Shannon achieves a balanced, coherent picture of Merton's life and spirituality. It is ironic, however, that the very quality which most commends this study—its balance—may also be its only real weakness. One cannot help but feel in places that Shannon is so intent upon showing the unity and coherence of Merton's life that he risks underestimating the depth of his struggles and self-contradictions. Much of Merton's appeal arises from his acute awareness of the irreducibly paradoxical and mysterious character of his life. We should beware, he constantly reminded us, of trying to explain too much.


The utility model discloses a LED fluorescent lamp capable of improving security, which comprises a metal radiator, a lamp shade, a LED light source module and two lamp bases. The lamp shade is buckled on the metal radiator. The LED light source module is connected with the metal radiator and arranged between the metal radiator and the lamp shade. At least one wire trough extending along the length direction of the metal radiator is arranged at the upper part of the metal radiator. The LED light source module is electrically connected with the lamp bases through wires. The wires are collected in the wire trough. As the wire trough extending along the length direction of the metal radiator is arranged at the upper part of the metal radiator and the wires connected between the LED light source module and the lamp bases are collected in the wire trough, the routing distance between the wires and the LED light source module is increased, so as to meet the security requirement and improve the security.


He aim of the study is to build an algorithm for determining the priority of criteria in the optimization problem of selecting the charge materials for an electric arc furnace. The problem being solved is to provide the charge in the form of a mixture, in which each element introduces a predetermined amount of chemical elements that are difficult to remove during melting. The requirements for the content of these elements are determined by several target functions. When solving the problem, it becomes necessary to prioritize achieving the goal according to the importance of each criterion. In this work, the authors provided an algorithm for choosing the preference of criteria and demonstrated its functioning using the example of three criteria for minimizing the amount of residual elements of chromium, nickel and copper when melting steel in an electric arc furnace. The main stages of work are: classification of requirements for the quality of charge materials; formalization of the criteria list; algorithm development for formalizing the problem of choosing charge materials; methodology development for determining preferences among three criteria. The criteria are ranked with reference to expert assessments. An assessment of the experts' competence has been carried out applying the algorithm of L. G. Evlanov and V. A. Kutuzov, which shows equal experts' competence at various iterations. As a result of the study, the authors provided a list of criteria for the mathematical support of multicriteria optimization when forming the structure of charge materials for an electric arc furnace. This makes it possible to bring the problem to a single-criterion kind and apply the appropriate solution methods.


This paper analyzes the chaotic stream cipher proposed in "Chaos-based secure communication in a large community", it finds that the frontal values of the encryption sequence of the stream cipher are not sensitive to the least significant bits of the key. So the paper proposes divide-and-conquer attack with known plaintexts and analyses its success probability and complexity. At last, it presents the possible reformative measure of the cipher to its weakness and proves the validity of the measure.


A series of Fe-substituted ZSM-5 zeolite samples with an almost constant Si/(Fe + Al) molar ratio of 50 but varied levels of Fe substitution were synthesized via an in situ seed-induced hydrotherma...


Two lemon (Citrus · limon L. Burm. F.) cultivars, Eureka and Villafranca, were subjected to a mutation-inducing process, which led to the production of seedless mutants in both cultivars. This mutation-inducing process did not affect many other lemon traits.


Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), first descibed in 19301, is characterized by a short PR interval and a wide QRS complex with delta wave corresponding to ventricular pre-excitation. It is often asymptomatic although in a small percentage of cases may cause significant morbidity and occasionally mortality2'3. WPW in infants has been described and appears to differ in prognosis4'5 and perhaps aetiology2'6 from its occurrence in later life. Although reports have been published of anaesthesia in patients with WPW7-16, to our knowledge none have been in patients less than three years of age. WPW may often present in infancy and the perioperative management and prognosis of such infants is discussed.


Little investigation has been carried out on the feeding physiology of filter-feeding bivalves in native species of Brazil. However, this information is essential for future studies on its cultivation, and for the interpretation of ecological characteristics of the species. Among the infaunal mollusk species, the bivalve Anomalocardia brasiliana is of great commercial interest, though little is known about its feeding rate. This work presents the results of four experiments carried out using different size classes of A. brasiliana collected at different times of the year. Based on the data for natural seston, mass of feces and pseudofeces produced and its respective organic and inorganic contents, the clearance rates, filtration, rejection, ingestion and absorption efficiency were estimated by the biodeposit method. It was observed that the A. brasiliana presents similar behavior to the majority of infaunal bivalves investigated worldwide. However, its rejection rate proved to be independent of seston variation, which leads to a low ingestion rate at seston concentrations below 10 mg.L-1. The low capacity to select the organic matter present in the seston was attributed to the high organic content present in the particulate matter in suspension in the Baia Sul of the Ilha de Santa Catarina.


This paper describes a new species of the family Hynobiidae from Hunan,China.The type specimen is deposited in the College of Life Sciences,Hunan Normal University. Hynobius guabangshanensis Shen sp.nov.(Fig.1);Holotype HNUL 02112404.An adult male,total length 146.3 mm.Type locality:Guabang Shan Tree Farm(26°37′8″N,111°56′1″E),Qiyang County,Hunan Province,China.Altitude 720 m,November 12,2002,collected by JIANG Tian-Min.\;Paratype\ 8♂♂ HNUL 02112201-02112205,02112401,02112402,02112403,the locality,altitude and collector are diffo of holotype.Egg sacs are collected by SHEN YH,DENG XJ,WANG B on November 24,2002.\;Diagnosis\ The new species has many traits similar to Hynobius amjiensis,such as large size,13 costal grooves,long legs,and tips of fingers and toes mostly meet when adpressed;their metacarpal and metatarsal tubercles are distinguished(Fig.5)etc.However,it differs in the following characters:1)size smaller than H.amjiensis,the total length of adult male is 139.3(125.4-151)mm;2)vomerine teeth thinner and closely range together,the outside twigs with 9-11 teeth,inside twigs with 25-27 teeth,the latter terminal connected with each other(Fig.3);3)tail length shorter,the rate to snout-body length 70.4%;4)egg sac not longer than 200 mm,and curve-shaped(Fig.4).


In this paper a train localization method is proposed that uses local variations of the earth magnetic field to determine the topological position of a train in a track network. The approach requires a magnetometer triad, an accelerometer, and a map of the magnetic field along the railway tracks. The estimated topological position comprises the along-track position that defines the position of the train within a certain track and the track ID that specifies the track the train is driving on. The along-track position is estimated by a a recursive Bayesian filter and the track ID is found from a hypothesis test. In particular the use of multiple particle filter, each estimating the position on different track hypothesis, is proposed. Whenever the estimated train position crosses a switch, a particle filter for each possible track is created. With the position estimates of the different filters, the likelihood for each track hypothesis is calculated from the measured magnetic field and the expected magnetic field in the map. A comparison of the likelihoods is subsequently used to decide which track is the most likely. After a decision for a track is made, the unnecessary filters are deleted. The feasibility of the proposed localization method is evaluated with measurement data recorded on a regional train. In the evaluation, the localization method was running in real time and overall an RMSE below five meter could be achieved and all tracks were correctly identified.


The production,consumption and market prospect of phenol at home and abroad are analysed.Suggestions for the development of phenol in China are put forward.


The achievement of this paper is a confutation of the inequality addressed by the Nicolas criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis, carried out after establishing properties of two related sequences. One of them is the product $\prod_{k=1}^n(1-1/p_k)$, rewritten as an alternating sum. The disproof is by contradiction: assuming the Nicolas inequality is always true, we reach an absurdity exploiting the aforementioned properties and a general lemma.


In order to estimate the features between healthy and sick pig, we propose a system for early detection of the respiratory diseases. As first approach, we investigated on sound recording sensors for, which is requiring robustness of sounds because of moving and surrounding noise from other pigs and living environments. In this paper, we described the overview of the proposal system and comparisons of airborne and body-conduced sounds for the system. We confirmed that a breath sound of pig is possible to estimate by the body-conduced sounds.


The traditional office system software-C/S structure of the network can not meet the requirements of modern network platform,with B / S structure to replace C / S structure to achieve management system is imperative.MVC design model is one of the most effective treatment methods in B/S structure.Struts have become the classical framework of Web application based on MVC pattern.Struts framework in the implementation of the MVC design pattern approach is particularly important.


In a discipline such as ours, in which all contributions are necessarily preliminary – and should perhaps best be seen as openings to potential conversations rather than definitive statements in their own right – it is always pleasing to have one's work engaged with explicitly and directly. Yet the satisfaction that comes with a new opportunity for a fresh conversation about ontology in political analysis is tempered on this occasion by the length of the charge sheet in front of me. In the space of approximately 3,400 words, Nigel Pleasants accuses me of many things. My article on 'King Canute and the "Problem" of Structure and Agency' (Hay, 2009), he suggests, is part of a broader 'crusade', of which I am a 'chief protagonist' (Pleasants, 2009, p. 885), to convert political analysts to the value of arrant, arid and ultimately unhelpful ontological reflection, foisting this on unwitting and unwilling students of political science to boot. Even taken on its own terms, my contribution is flawed in almost all significant respects. It rests, it seems, on the false premise that ontological reflection is an aid to a reflective political analysis, it fails to differentiate between genuine ontologies (deserving of their designation as 'ologies') and mere ontic speculations, superstitions and hunches, it achieves no fresh analytical purchase on the story of King Canute and the waves and it adds next to nothing to our understanding of the structure-agency relationship. In fact, were we to bracket out the (numerous) references to structure, agency and ontology that litter the text, we would find 'that nothing of significance is … lost to the historical and political analysis of the story of King Canute' (p. 891). Indeed, 'neither Canute himself, nor the current-day reader … need know anything about theories of structure and agency or "ontological reflection" in order to conceive or understand those events' (p. 891).


Synopsis: The study of CO, gas shielded arc welding process invented by. H. SEKIGUCHI, was begun in 1953 to develop it in wide practical use, and it has been conducted with regard to the following three phases: (1) study and development of electrode steel wires for CO, (or CO2-O2) gas shielded arc welding process; improved arc-stability and notch toughness of weld metal and developed many kinds of commercial wire. (2) development of wire manufacturing techniques; improved wire feedability, prevented wirecurling and developed automatic wire spooling machine. (3) application to welded structures and expanding applications; proved the usefulness of the process in application to rear axle-housings and idlers.


The adopted child battles against a situation that through crossing biological filiation and adoptive filiation calls up a dual network of parenthood. How then on the level of the imagination can the dialogue between these plural parental figures be organised? More precisely, between "fathers" and "mothers" how can the adopted child handle the question of origins and build his or her family story? The clinical example of Lea sheds light on how, when the real-life story becomes something that can be told, it allows for a conciliation of those multiple parental figures and allows for reconciliation with the principle of continuity that underlies identity.


ABSTRACT Introduction This review aims to identify the optimal therapeutic dosage of anti-epileptic drugs in terms of efficacy and safety in patients with multiple comorbidities. Areas covered We have analyzed changes in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Brivaracetam, Carbamazepine, Lacosamide, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Topiramate, Valproate, and Zonisamide in liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and in patients admitted to intensive care unit. Our literature search covers the past 5 years. We used PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE database's to support our article. Expert opinion To ensure that the patient with seizure receives the best treatment in relation to their comorbidities, careful clinical-laboratory monitoring is necessary to maximize effectiveness while maintaining safety, especially in the case of polytherapy.


Acute bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion (ICAO) is a rare form of ischemic stroke. The possible role of variants of the aortic arch in bilateral ICAO has never been reported. Two patients presented with abrupt coma with quadriplegia. Magnetic resonance images revealed acute ischemic lesions on both hemispheres, except the area supplied by the vertebrobasilar artery. Both patients showed variation of the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery. This variation might explain simultaneous bilateral carotid territory infarctions. J Korean Neurol Assoc 29(4):343-346, 2011


Objective From our previous findings in the first clinical trial undergoing heart transplantation and subsequent intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT),we investigate an improved strategy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) concerning safety besides efficacy for donor-specific tolerance induction after heart transplantation.Method The first clinical trial underwent heart transplantation and subsequent IBM-BMT in August 2010,and consecutive 3 trials were performed using improved BMT regimens from October 2011 to December 2012.This improved BMT regimens consist of modified perfusion method (PM) to improve the efficiency of havesting bone marrow cells (BMCs) and non-radiation precondition of BMT to reduce the toxicity to the host.Result In harvesting of BMCs,modified PM showed higher efficiency in number of monocytes (5.8× 107/kg vs.1.2× 107/kg,P<0.01) and CD34+ cells (6.7× 105/kg vs.2.38× 105/kg,P<0.01) as compared with the previous method.After 3-month follow-up,neither was infection of cytomegalovirus or fungus nor graft versus host disease in the group treated with improved BMT regimens.Moreover,no rejection (Class 0) was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy either.Mixed lymphocyte reactions revealed donor-specific hyporesponsiveness while immunocompetence was well preserved to third-party antigens.Conclusion These findings indicate that the improved BMT strategy of modified PM + non-radiation preconditioning regimens + two-stage IBM-BMT is a safer method for inducing donor-specific tolerance without incidence of early-stage infection in clinical heart transplantation trials than the previous regimens.

Key words:
Heart transplantion;  Bone marrow transplantation;  Perfusion;  Transplantation conditioning


The high transparency of the passive portions of a thin platelet CdSe or Ga(AsP) semicondutor laser resonator, pumped over only part of its length by a Ga(AsP) junction laser, indicates by direct observation (visible-red) that the output photon energy is less than bandgap. Two possible explanations for this are suggested. This behavior makes possible operation of thin platelet lasers over very long path lengths, e.g., long zig-zag modes and ring modes.


Particle-based (granular) hydrogels are an attractive class of biomaterials due to their unique properties and array of applications in the biomedical space – serving as platforms for extrusion printing and injecting as well as permissive materials for 3D cell culture. Physical properties of particle-based hydrogels are governed in part by contact forces between particles, which are limited to interactions with neighboring particles. Secondary annealing mechanisms are often used to increase mechanical properties and serve to link particles across the granular material volume. Here, we present a novel particle-based hydrogel where each "particle" is a discrete electrospun hydrogel microfiber that has been segmented to a length of 93 ± 51 𝜇m, with a diameter of 1.6 ± 0.3 𝜇m. The fibers are flexible and have aspect ratios that are greater than one order of magnitude larger than most traditional hydrogel microparticles. This enables long-range entanglements of discrete fibers following packing into a bulk material, yielding unique properties. Without crosslinking, these packed hydrogel microfiber materials are mechanically robust, they can stretch without breaking when strained, and they exhibit stress relaxation under constant strain. As a cell culture scaffold, shear-induced alignment of the individual fibers within 3D printed filaments confers contact guidance cues to cells and promotes anisotropic cellular morphologies. Packed hydrogel microfibers can also be used as 3D cell culture environments, with cells able to spread due to the permissive nature of the scaffold. Overall, this work introduces a particle-based material system comprised of individual hydrogel microfibers that allows unique properties to be engineered into biomaterials that might be used in extrusion processes and cell cultures and, ultimately, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.


Cuticular calcium mineralization is rare among insects and has been reported previously from the puparia and larvae of some Diptera. We report for the first time cuticular calcium from adult cuticle in Coleoptera, in certain members of tenebrionids in the subfamily Phrenapetinae. Calcium occurs in two mineralized forms: as large crystals with irregular faces and as fine filaments. Locations of these mineralized structures are limited to areas of rigidity in the beetle. Data suggest that calcium present is in the form of calcium carbonate. The distribution of cuticular calcium among members suggests a single origin among members of Phrenapetinae.