Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent incurable neurodegenerative disease, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities. Early detection of AD can help with proper treatment and prevent brain tissue damage. Traditional medical tests are time consuming, fail to recognize early signs and lack of diagnosis sensitivity and specificity. To achieve promising prediction accuracy, the best predictive machine learning model is selected based on initial pre-processing step followed by vital attributes selection and performance evaluation for five proposed supervised machine learning algorithms. In the pre-processing, all the missing values have been removed since the overall percentage only covered 5.63%. Boruta algorithm as feature selection method resulted Atlas Scaling Factor, Estimated Total Intracranial Volume, Normalized Whole-brain Volume, Mini-Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating must be included as primary features. With Boruta algorithm, it has been shown that Random Forest Grid Search Cross Validation (RF GSCV) outperformed with 94.39% of accuracy, 88.24% sensitivity, 100.00% specificity and 94.44% AUC among other 12 models that includes conventional and fine-tuned models even for the small OASIS-2 longitudinal MRI dataset. Finally, our developed Graphical User Interface (GUI) prediction tool was evaluated through prediction over OASIS-1 cross-sectional MRI dataset containing 216 samples of imaging sessions that have been pre-processed. Prediction results were closed with the dementia status provided in OASIS cross-sectional data fact sheet.


Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is an interesting non linear optical inorganic material. In this present work, KDP crystal and Indian Gooseberry extract doped KDP crystal has been grown by slow evaporation aqueous solution growth technique. The grown crystals have been investigated through various techniques viz. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy has been used for spectral analysis of grown crystals. The grown crystal have been subjected to X-ray diffraction for structural analysis. Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, presence of element with weight percentage has been calculated. Nonlinear optic measurement has been used to find the SHG efficiency. Increase in KDP crystal thermal stability by an organic additive of Indian Gooseberry extract has been determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Using Vicker's micro hardness test the mechanical property of KDP crystal and Indian Gooseberry extract doped KDP has been studied.


Abstract The commemoration of the Battle of Saratoga (1777) a century after the pivotal Revolutionary victory illuminates the imbrication of public and personal memory in the politics of late nineteenth-century patriotic commemoration. The fiscal challenges faced by the white elites who stewarded the project and the compromises they were forced to make expose the uncertainties of public commemorative projects, a theme overlooked in foundational scholarship on patriotic public memory. Given the frequent failure of monument projects in an era before governments led heritage planning, the significance of individuals to the fulfillment of ambitions warrants greater consideration. Using a microhistorical approach, this paper analyzes the Saratoga Monument Board members' ambitions, promotional strategies, and improvisations, prompted in part by an issue unique to this Battle: how to deal with Benedict Arnold's significant role in the Americans' victory over the English? The Board's sole female trustee, Ellen Hardin Walworth, confronted a similar challenge: how to remake her life after surviving a scandalous domestic tragedy? The interweaving of their stories and strategies highlights the ways in which the cultivation of Revolutionary memory served both political and personal attempts at reconstruction without fully managing to resolve the conflicted past. Thus, scholars must factor individuals' unique connections to the past into the broader structural characteristics of patriotic commemoration in histories of public memory and its orchestration.


The comprehensive quality of college students has become the focus of attention of the state and society. For the undergraduate comprehensive quality evaluation for the universities of applied science,an improved analytic hierarchy process triangular fuzzy number is employed to weight each index on the construction of application oriented undergraduate college students comprehensive quality evaluation index system,and then the evaluation of an application type undergraduate college students comprehensive quality model is constructed using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,and at last,the index system and the evaluation method of empirical research are used. The result is consistent with the actual situation,the model has a certain value for practical use.


Background More than 600,000 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually worldwide. Eighty-five percent occurs in developing countries. Cytology screening can substantially reduce mortality from cervical carcinoma in developed countries. Such model of screening based on adequate resources is difficult to organize in developing countries. Objectives of this study are to discuss barriers and missed opportunities to cervical cancer prevention in Sudan, and emphasize the need for alternative screening tests and treatments.


The present invention is large, the gain at a low operating current, to a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier suitable for a small wavelength-division-multiplexed is the threshold current is low power consumption passive optical network. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier of the present invention is a substrate; And the optical waveguide is of a lower cladding, upper cladding and active layers laminated in this order on the substrate, the structure BH (Buried Heterostructure) comprising a linear waveguide region, a curved waveguide region, the tapered waveguide region; The optical waveguide is formed around the current block to block the flow of current to other than the active layer of the optical waveguide layer; To reduce the parasitic capacitance by the leakage current around the active layer formed by the current blocking layer and the etching of the selected part of the substrate around the optical waveguide with the trench; The tapered window region formed in the waveguide region and termination; Non - reflecting surface formed in the window region and the termination; The waveguide region is formed in a straight line end it features a configured including goban surface for reflecting the input light. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier, an active layer, a multiple quantum well structure, a tapered trench, an optical modulator


The study of lipid profile indexes was performed among children and adolescents (n=403) being operated on thyroid carcinoma and, consequently, undertaken suppressive doses of L-thyroxin (3.0 µkg/kg body weight/daily). A control group consisted of healthy children and adolescents from the "clean" regions. In the whole cohort of patients who regularly visited the clinic at the Research Institute for Radiation Medicine and Endocrinology to assess the lipid profile indexes for 1997-1999,42% of them had TSH suppressed down to 0.3 mIU/L,41% - 0.3-3.5 mIU/L,and 16% had TSH increased more than 3.5 mIU/L. There was a significant increase in average levels of total lipids (TL),total cholesterol (TC),LDL-cholesterol, triglicerides and atherogenity coefficient (K= [TC - HDL-C]/HDL-C) and the average level of HDL-C decrease as compared to the control group. The lipid profile indexes were analysed with different TSH suppression levels. Under the TSH suppression there was positive dynamics in TC and LDL-C levels as compared to patients with postoperative hypothyroidism. However,we did not observe atherogenic shifts in lipid profile back to the norm range in the patients with suppressed TSH levels.


Silicon membranes patterned by nanometer-scale pillars standing on the surface provide a practical platform for thermal conductivity reduction by resonance hybridization. Using molecular simulations, we investigate the effect of nanopillar size, unit-cell size, and finite-structure size on the net capacity of the local resonators in reducing the thermal conductivity of the base membrane. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity reduction increases as the ratio of the volumetric size of a unit nanopillar to that of the base membrane is increased, and the intensity of this reduction varies with unit-cell size at a rate dependent on the volumetric ratio. Considering sample size, the resonance-induced thermal conductivity drop is shown to increase slightly with the number of unit cells until it would eventually level off.


By using the methods of documentary analysis and interview,this study conducted a research on the news strategy of the Chinese newspapers on the last two Olympic Games,in order to construct a theoretical frame that can provide a little theoretical support and practical instruction for all types of newspaper in China in reporting 2008 Olympic Games.Several conclusions can be drawn from this research as follows: obeying news reporting law in the competition of news reporting;by reprocessing,deeply processing through news strategy with different angle of view,different point of view,and different way of conformity to make exclusive content.In this era,Olympic Games news strategy presented a characteristic of the combination of specialization and popularization,a characteristic of the combination of magazine characteristic and synthesis.


This paper focuses particularly on the role of municipal science consultants in developing and maintaining network activities and connections among primary school science teachers. The hypothesis is that consultants play a crucial role in supporting strategic planning, and sustaining contacts and activities within professional learning networks. The research is framed by a project that involved 80 primary science teachers in 20 schools. The aim of the project was to develop network activities that facilitate sustainable change of the participating schools' collective culture and practice of science teaching. The authors were involved as researchers and evaluators in the project. Data consist of reports from the consultants about their participation in various network activities, school assessment reports and a longitudinal survey. Three distinct cases are analysed through the use of a framework of professional learning networks to assess the consultants' opportunities and constraints in terms of participating in network development. The results indicate that the consultants' roles in successful network formation is characterized by personal stable contacts within the science teacher community in the municipality, availability of municipal resources to support network activities, participation in strategic planning of municipal network support, and facilitation of the development of new teaching activities within schools or in collaboration between schools. These four distinctive features of municipal science consultants' participation in supporting network activities enable the participants to share and develop teaching activities. Résumé I uddannelsesforskningen er professionelle netværk begyndt at manifestere sig som en strategi til støtte for læreres arbejde. Netværk anses for at være en vital måde til at støtte skoleudvikling i naturfag på. Uddannelsesforskning om skolereformer fokuserer Lead Editor: A. Gallard M. M. K. Sillasen (&) Department of Teacher Training, VIA University College, Skejbyvej 1, 8240 Risskov, Denmark e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com P. Valero Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 2, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 123 Cult Stud of Sci Educ DOI 10.1007/s11422-012-9478-z Author's personal copy


Kinetic studies for the hydrolysis of 1-aryl-3-benzoyloxymethyl-3-methyltriazenes to 1-aryl-3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyltriazenes in mixed aqueous–organic media are reported. Reactions are first-order in the benzoyloxymethyltriazene, and are independent of pH above pH 8. Below pH8, specific acid catalysis is observed. No nucleophilic catalysis is detected at any pH. The observed first-order rate constant, kobs, vary with the substituent in both the 1-aryl and benzoyl rings. Hammett σ values of 1.28 and 1.41 are obtained for substituents in the benzoyl group in 50% MeCN–H2O and 60% dioxane–H2O respectively. A Hammett ρ value of –1.84 is obtained in 50% MeCN–H2O for substituents in the 1-aryl ring. Observed first-order rate constants also vary with the composition of aqueous dioxane mixtures and a linear correlation between logkobs and the Grunwald–Winstein Y parameter is found to give a slope of 0.99. The solvent deuterium isotope effect, kH2O/kD2O, is 1.26 for the 4-methoxybenzoyl derivative. Values of the activation parameters are ΔH‡ca. 80 kJ mol–1 and ΔS‡ca.–5 J K–1 mol–1. The data are best interpreted in terms of a unimolecular ionisation of the benzoyloxymethyltriazene to form a iminium cation and a benzoate anion. Hydroxymethyltriazene formation results from the capture of the intermediate iminium ion by water. Consistent with this mechanism, a common ion effect of the benzoate anion is observed, and the benzoate ion is ca. 75 times more effective than water at trapping the iminium ion.


Accepted: 9 Apr, 2016 Abstract Background and Objectives: Toxins produced by the bacteria are one of the most common cases, which can, together with other bacterial pathogens, cause or aggravate the disease. One of the diseases caused by bacterial toxins, is toxic shock syndrome. The tst gene encodes this toxin that can be easily transferred between different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene was investigated in methicillin-resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus using multiplex PCR method.


A new technique to measure phase noise properties of highly coherent lasers based on delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (DSHI) is suggested where the Allan variance of the beat note frequency is obtained via digital signal processing and then used to determine laser linewidth and phase noise properties. This method is capable of determining both white frequency noise and flicker-noise contributions and has been used to characterize various types of lasers. A simple numerical model generalizing previous analytical results has been developed and verified. The corresponding requirements imposed on the DSHI optical delay are consistent with numerical modeling results. The measurement results are in agreement with our previous experiments based on direct heterodyning of the same lasers. The technique is particularly suitable for real-time monitoring of the laser phase noise over long periods of time, which is useful for testing and engineering of highly coherent lasers.


[Objective]Nursing for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus,according to syndrome differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),to improve quality of nursing.[Methods]We explored the effective methods of syndrome differentiation and nursing of TCM on elderly diabetic patients.There were 3 syndrome types: Qi-yin deficiency,liver-kidney Yin deficiency and Yin-yang deficiency.[Results]Syndrome differentiation and nursing of TCM achieved satisfied clinical results.[Conclusion]Beside routine nursing,Syndrome differentiation and nursing of TCM effectively improved quality of nursing.


The use of free skin grafts for reconstruction of the pharynx after laryngopharyngectomy for neoplastic disease is well documented.1,2,5,8-16However, the opportunity to use these grafts for benign post-traumatic and postinfectious cicatricial stenosis of the pharynx finds infrequent application. A review of the literature reveals very few recorded instances of this use.3,4,6,13 The mechanism producing post-traumatic stenosis must be extraordinary. Many of these patients probably die as a result of the initial injury and never reach the stage of stricture formation. We recently have had experience in managing one such case who lived to develop a stricture and merits recording. Report of Case The 8-year-old son of circus performers sustained an injury to his neck and pharynx when he was pulled by a rope about his neck for a distance of 300 ft. by a runaway horse. The injury included fracture of three cervical vertebrae without neurological sequelae


The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational model of the grain production cluster in the Nizhny Novgorod region, which will contribute to the formation of sustainable production and, as a result, increase the efficiency of the industry under study and strengthen food security in the region. The design of organizational structures was carried out by the method of analogies, which include the development of typical management structures of industrial and economic organizations and the definition of boundaries and conditions for their application. A cluster management system was developed, which consists of four blocks: a control block; production unit; processing and storage unit; block of education and science. Scientific novelty lies in the author's approach to the development of a control system for the production of grain clusters. The proposed form will significantly increase the level of production sustainability among potential cluster members and strengthen food security in the Nizhny Novgorod region.


Chapter 1 Introduction: Toward Contexts More Intricate and Subtle Part 2 Part I: Explaining Ethnic Violence Chapter 3 Chapter 1: Third-Party Intervention in Ethno-Religious Conflict: Role Theory and the Major Powers of South Asia Chapter 4 Chapter 2: Ethnic Violence and the Loss of State Legitimacy: Burma and Indonesia in a Context of Post-colonial Developmentalism Chapter 5 Chapter 3: Not Ethnicity, but Race: Unity and Conflict in Rwanda since the Genocide Chapter 6 Chapter 4: The Hutu-Tutsi Conflict in Rwanda Chapter 7 Chapter 5: Politico-Psychological Dimensions of Ethnic and Poltical Conflicts in India: Conflicting Paradigms at Work Part 8 Part II: Contemporary Regional Ethnic Conflict Chapter 9 Chapter 6: Multifaceted Ethnic Conflicts and Conflict Resolution in Nigeria Chapter 10 Chapter 7: George Town Shuffle: Ethnic Politics of Afro-Guyanese, Amerindians, and Indo-Guyanese in Postcolonial Guyana Chapter 11 Chapter 8: Sudan's Identity Wars and Democratic Route to Peace Chapter 12 Chapter 9: Ethnic Conflict in Mexico: The Zapatistas Chapter 13 Chapter 10: Kurdish Ethnonationalism: A Critical Analysis Chapter 14 Chapter 11: The Roots of Contemporary Ethnic Conflict and Violence in Burundi


In the Newsletter issue of spring 2006, Paul Slovic published a paper on affect, reason, risk and rationality. While agreeing with most of his arguments and conclusions, I differ concerning some fundamental assessments or tacit assumptions of this paper: that the experiential side of our mental life "appears every bit as important as the analytic/deliberative side" we shall see below that it is, in some aspects, at least ten thousand times more important; and that the binary classification affect versus reasoning is complete – we shall see below that the trinary classification emotion (affect) versus intuition versus rational reasoning is much more adequate. The fundamental importance of intuition is usually overlooked today, for some historical reasons we shall explain below; but intuition is the source of our meta-theoretical assumptions about truth and of our most innovative ideas and, as such, cannot be neglected. The paper presents recent theories and results concerning intuition and knowledge creation, together with conclusions implied by them for multiple criteria decision making (MCDM).


In this paper a new mixed time-frequency domain procedure is described for the construction of circuit models of interconnection structures. This method extracts hybrid circuit models from reflection and transmission measurements and is based on the principle of causality. The measurements can be performed in the time or the frequency domain. To validate the accuracy of the circuit models, SPICE simulated results for the derived circuit models are compared with the measured data.


This paper examines the discourses on technical vocation education and training (TVET) adopting a comparative perspective. In particular, we critically analyse the notion of academic and professional pedagogy to embed curriculum and pedagogy at Universities of Technology (UoTs) in South Africa and at the Central University of Technology (CUT). This is conducted by analysing the term, vocational pedagogy within the context of Universities of Applied Sciences (UASs) and Universities of Technology (UT) in Germany, and Universities of Technology (UoTs) in South Africa, respectively. We then proceed by exploring the idea of an Institute of Pedagogy at the Central University of Technology (CUT) that will become a centre of excellence where research on professional pedagogy will be undertaken by staff and students from CUT and other institutions, as well as other bodies, including government and the employer/industry.


Managers, as well as researchers, have been concerned with the effects of task design upon employee satisfaction for several reasons. First, there has been the concern that poorly-designed tasks may result in job dissatisfaction, which in turn, may adversely affect productivity. While this concern has been weakly supported at best in the literature, dissatisfaction may lead to other dysfunctional behaviour, such as increased grievances or lower quality of work. A majority of past research on job enrichment and job characteristics has tended to be focused upon blue-collar workers. This has been due, in part, to the assumption that the routine industrial task, such as an assembly line job, results in boredom and job dissatisfaction. Alternatively, it has not been demonstrated in the literature that white-collar and/or management positions necessarily result in higher levels of job satisfaction. Hence, the effects of task design upon employee satisfaction is a research issue of importance to managers in all types of organizations and at all levels within a given organization. This research focused on longitudinal relationships between job scope and satisfaction and performance. Recent years have seen an increasing volume of cross-sectional research which suggests that jobs with increased scope are associated with higher levels of satisfaction with the work itself. This result has been found across a wide variety of samples and research instruments for the different job characteristic dimensions (Brief and Aldag, 1975; Champoux, 1975; Hackman and Lawler, 1971; Hackman and Oldham, 1975; Rousseau, 1977; Sims and Szilagyi, 1976) as well as for various measures of job scope (Champoux, 1975; Hackman and Lawler, 1971; Hackman and Oldham, 1975; Oldham, Hackman, and Pearce, 1976; Stone, 1975, 1976; Stone, Mowday, and Porter, 1977). In some of these studies, lower but statistically significant relationships between job characteristic dimensions or job scope and contextual satisfaction (e.g., pay, security, promotion, co-workers, etc.) have also been reported (Brief and Aldag, 1975; Champoux, 1975; Hackman and Lawler,


The impact of alcohol on mortality is not negligible, not globally and
 especially not in Europe. Alcohol as a mortality factor in Serbia has not
 yet been specifically analysed, chiefly due to a lack of data. The cultural
 pattern and results from surrounding countries - as well as research on the
 extent of alcohol consumption in Serbia - all suggest that alcohol-related
 mortality represents a significant share of total mortality, especially
 when it comes to men. The results of the study on alcohol abuse or excessive
 consumption in this paper do not confirm that this mortality factor places a
 significant burden on the population. This paper provides estimates of
 alcohol-related mortality using guidelines from the World Health
 Organization. Analysis of the direct impact and estimates of the indirect
 impact of alcohol on mortality in Serbia (2016-2018) show that the average
 number of deaths is about 2,500 annually. The number of alcohol-related
 deaths is highest in the later years of life, while the proportion of
 alcohol-related deaths is highest in early adulthood. Men are more likely to
 consume alcohol, so their mortality is higher as a consequence. Men die from
 alcohol-related causes at a rate almost four times higher than that of
 women, and they have more deaths caused by alcohol than women across all
 age groups. The overall alcohol-related mortality rate for men is 56.6 per
 100,000, while for women it is significantly lower at 14.2 per 100,000. The
 most common cause of alcohol-related mortality is in the form of digestive
 system diseases (about 26% of all alcohol-related deaths in Serbia),
 followed by tumours and violence (24% and 23% respectively). From region to
 region (NUTS 2), significant differences in alcohol-related mortality can
 be noted. Every third death due to alcohol occurs in Vojvodina, which leads
 the way for both sexes. There, values for men are as much as 60% higher than
 those in the Sumadija and Western Serbia regions, while those values are
 about 30% higher for women. Standardised alcohol-related death rates are
 highest in the north of Vojvodina, in the districts of North Backa and North
 Banat (NUTS 3). Moravicki, Sumadija, and Pirot districts have values that
 are about 30% lower than average for Serbia. Excessive alcohol consumption
 is one of the preventable mortality factors that can be addressed with
 appropriate prevention measures. Some good reasons to avoid alcohol abuse
 include longer lifespan, lower likelihood of depression, significantly lower
 likelihood of committing suicide, and lower likelihood of dying from liver
 disease. Those who drink less are also less likely to be involved in a car
 accident or have to deal with the police. When consumed in excess, alcohol
 disrupts family relationships, leads to obesity, damages the brain, and
 causes sexual dysfunction.


The prices level segmentation of small hotels was conducted. Hotel's average prices per room per night were calculated by statistical analysis methods. There was found out the basic types of price strategies which are used by the small hotels of Odessa.


The variation of the boundaries of the plasma rotation electron process (PREP) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn powder has been studied. This study concludes that the change of primary powder boundaries (PPB) is related to the sintering temperature, pressure, holding-time and the resistance to deformation of the material, especially the sintering temperature. The boundaries (PPB) have experienced a complicated variation from deformation, and breakdown to aggregation during HIPing. This is due to the composition segregation, oxidation and enrichment of the impurities, and the existence of these substances degrade the interface binding force of the materials. In order to eliminate the above influence, it is necessary and effective to increase the temperature and extend the holding time reasonably.


The invention provides a method for timely finding out and processing abnormal progresses in an automatic test system and an automatic test control device for implementing the method. The test progress abnormality detection method comprises the following steps of: (a) creating a corresponding log file for each test progress when the test progress starts, wherein the log files need to be updated in real time when the test progresses test; (b) periodically examining whether the log files corresponding to each test progress are overtime or not by an abnormality examination progress; if yes, judging the test progresses to be abnormal, deleting the test progresses and releasing resources occupied by the test progresses; and if not, judging the test progresses to be normal. The invention can indirectly detect whether the test progresses normally run or not through detecting the log files.


The llB n.m.r. spectrum of diborane, in the glycol ethers at room temperature and in diethyl ethcr at elevated temperatures. consists of a seven-lined multiplet with J = 60 rrt 2 C.P.S. and 6 = - 17.5 =k 0.3 p.p.m. (BF,g.O( CZH~)~ = 0.0). This multiplet is interpreted as arising from ether induced intramolecular proton exchange. The activation energy for this exchangv is approximately 4.8 kcal. in diethyl ether solution. The IlB n.m.r. spectrum of sodium diborohydride in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether consists of a 1:3:3: 1 quartet with J = 102 rrt 2 C.P.S. and 6 = +25.3 =k 0.3 p.p.m. At elevated tenipcratures sodium diborohydride exchanges with sodium borohydride in diethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution. The activation energy for this exchange is approximately 8.6 kcal.


taxonomic identification, polyphasic taxonomy Palabras clave: glomerales, caracterizacion molecular, identificacion taxonomica, taxonomia polifasica ABSTRACT. The strain INCAM-2 outstands among arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strains from the INCAs collection due to its economic and ecological significance. It constitutes the base of bioproducts which are applied in different agricultural systems and are extensively commercialized at world level. This work aimed in confirms the taxonomic classification previously done of this strain through polyphasic taxonomy. For this, the spore morphologic characteristics with major depth were analyzed and other molecular protocols were used (rDNA ITS region and V-H + -ATPasa). The results showed that INCAM-2 strain is Funneliformis mosseae, syn. Glomus mosseae. The spores distinguish by their big size, color dark yellow to amber, the wall composed by three layers (C1 hyaline mucilaginous, C2 hyaline and C3 laminated). C1 stains reddish with Melzers reagent. Subtending hypha has a funnel shape and forms a recurved septum, the pore is occluded. The phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequences of both genes reveled a 98 % of homology with some ecotypes of the same species registered in the data bases of National Center of Biotechnologic Information of the United States of America (NCBI).


The current pedestrian study has been designed to include a review of the existing literature, an observational study of pedestrian and driver behaviour and a survey of attitudes and self-reported behaviours regarding pedestrian safety. This survey is being undertaken on behalf of the RTA by AMR Interactive, and complements an earlier observational study. Previous qualitative research identified a range of issues relating to pedestrian safety, including the behaviour of drivers at pedestrian crossings, risk taking by both drivers and pedestrians, and a road system which is perceived to favour motorists. This current attitudinal research will enable us to further explore community attitudes and behaviours towards pedestrian safety, and to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to pedestrian crashes. This paper will outline the methodologies utilised in the pilot observational study and the attitudinal survey, and will discuss the preliminary findings that were available at the time of writing. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E216178.


Thank you for sending us the reviewer's comments and your kind letter encouraging us to submit our revision. The reviewer's are very supportive and had several minor comments to improve our manuscript. We have read and carefully considered the comments of the reviewer, accordingly we have revised our manuscript. We would like to thank the reviewers for their efforts and time, particularly, for useful comments to make our paper better. We believe that our manuscript has been substantially improved by this revision.


Like other artists who work with plastic, Shirley Tse's is fascinated with material and the repercussions of the ready-made.' Her installations, however, argue for more than just using plastic in its myriad of forms—packing molds, bubble wrap, drinking straws, vinyl sheets, Styrofoam insulation, or boogie boards. Tse is motivated by the fascination with the cultural and philosophical implications of this ubiquitous denatured material. These implications are deployed in her art as allegory to configure the fluidity of modern subjectivity in the globalized world.'


"Scholars" reflects the life of intellectuals at the eighteenth century and documents temporal dietetic customs.Jiangnan region is rich and unique in dietary practices,and in mid Qing Dynasty this region was flourishing with dietetic culture and colorful dietetic customs.The book depicts in the scholars' life the dietetic customs in combination with the description of Jiangnan city culture which holds a special place.This article,on the basis of historical records,makes an exploration into the daily dietetic custom in Jiangnan in mid Qing Dynasty.


Product dimensional quality is one of the most important topics in machining processes. However, limited research has been done on the dimensional control and root cause identification methodologies in multi-station machining processes. This paper will study the stream of variation (SOV) problem by developing a new type of model — State Space Model — to describe the dimensional deviation of the multistation machining processes. A process level diagnostic methodology is also developed. A case study is presented to illustrate the developed modeling and diagnostics methodology.


Among different forms of 'nonviolent direct action', an extensive taxonomy for which has been provided by Gene Sharp (1959), Gandhian satyagraha occupies a unique place. This is due to both historical and substantive reasons. A factor analysis of the ingredients of different forms of nonviolent direct action (Chatterjee and Bhattacharjee 1971) shows that satygraha has high loading on Factor III which the authors identify as 'something like active principled striving toward total transformation' of the individual, group, community, or state. Satyagraha has second highest loading on Factor I, identified as 'some sort of absolutist stand toward moral-ethical commitment to nonviolence'. This emphasis on total transformation, on dynamism, and on unswerving commitment to nonviolence may have contributed to some of its success in historical reckoning. First Gandhi and then Martin Luther King have demonstrated the value of nonviolent satyagraha as an effective weapon for correcting untenable positions, when obtaining redress through constitutional means is slow, difficult, or beset with hurdles. In recent times social scientists have started taking an interest in analyzing the processes underlying satyagraha. Some members of the 'strategic community' who utilize approaches from game theory, decision theory, and general systems theory in elucidating complex social processes have also tried to apply such methods for a deeper understanding of the satyagraha process. The present paper, while reviewing some of these attempts to analyze the strategic aspects of satyagraha, seeks to show that more sophisticated effort is required for finding the most appropriate game model for Gandhian satyagraha. Some of the observations will be supported with empirical evidence, collected by the author, on a series of three satyagrahas resorted to by a group of encroachers in a government grazing reserve in Angarkata in north-eastern Assam. A brief account of the three Angarkata satyagrahas is given in the Appendix. For a fuller account, the reader may refer to a report by Chatterjee and Sudarshan Kumari (1969); a short journalistic rendering has been published by Chatterjee (1970).


Free base protoporphyrin IX (PP),1 Zn(II)protoporphyrin IX (Zn(II)PP), Fe(III)protoporphyrin IX (Fe(III)PP), and Fe(III)protoporphyrin IX dimethylester (Fe(III)PPDME) as well as free base hematoporphyrin were selectively chemisorbed onto thiol-silanized quartz in aqueous media at neutral pH values and at room temperature. The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were characterized by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Evidence for chemisorption through the formation of thioether linkages between the immobilized thiols at the surface and the vinyl or the hydroxyethyl groups of the porphyrins is as follows:  (1) Only porphyrins that possess either vinyl or hydroxyethyl groups show the characteristic absorption and properties of a SAM; porphyrins free of vinyl or hydroxyethyl groups do not form SAMs. (2) Attachment to the surface through the propionates of the metal is ruled out since the presence of both metal and propionates is not mandatory for the formation of SAMs. (3) None of the porphyrins f...


Load growth in distribution system increase steadily. This load growth is followed by increased demand for reactive power supply due to increasing load is inductive. If a network does not have a reactive power source in around load area then all the needs of reactive load borne by the generator so that reactive current will flow to the network resulting in decreased power factor, voltage drop, and power losses. One way to improve power factor and voltage is placing the optimal capacitor value in the right location and strategic.
In this final project, the optimal capacitor placement is using genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is one of the computational techniques that match with very large solution space. Parameters used for the objective function in genetic algorithms is the cost of capacitor installation, the purchase cost of the capacitor, the cost of capacitor operation and maintenance, and the cost of power losses in the distribution system. By minimizing this parameters, it will get the minimum cost in the optimal capacitor values placement and meet the limits of the voltage magnitude and power factor that are determined.
Test results showed that the capacitor placement optimization using genetic algorithm can find the optimal size of capacitor banks so that the power factor and voltage on each bus has met limits that have been determined after the placement of the capacitor (Vmin = 0.95, Vmax = 1.05, and PFmin = 0.85). In testing the voltage improvement, the location of optimal capacitor placement is bus 18 and bus 30 with the number of capacitors that are installed 1200 kVar (4 banks) and saving 47.296,970 $. In testing the power factor improvement, the location of optimal capacitor placement is bus 4, bus 11, bus 13, bus 17, bus 30 and bus 33 with the number of capacitors that are installed 2100 kVar (7 banks) and saving 19.859,439 $. In testing the power factor and voltage improvement, the location of optimal capacitor placement is bus 4, bus 11, bus 13, bus 17, bus 30 and bus 33 with the number of capacitors that are installed 2100 kVar (7 banks) and saving 19.859,444 $.
Keyword : capacitor, genetic algorithm, power factor, and voltage


Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is the most favorable process for high volume manufacturing of semiconductor devices at 22nm half-pitch and below. Many efforts have revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of polymers are also an effective proton source in acid generation in EUV resists, and the effective proton generation and the control of the generated acid diffusion are required to improve the breakthrough of the resolution - line width roughness - sensitivity (RLS) trade-off. To clarify the lithographic performance of these derivatives, we synthesized the acrylic terpolymers containing phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl derivatives as model photopolymers and exposed the resist samples based on these polymers to EUV and electron beam (EB) radiation. On the basis of the lithographic performances of these resist samples, we evaluated the characteristics of phenolic and alcoholic derivatives upon exposure to EUV radiation. We discuss the relationship between the chemical structures of these derivatives and lithographic performance.


The relevance of the commodity theory of money is analysed in Ricardo and Marx from a strictly theoretical point of view ; the issue is whether the concepts of commodity and of money used by both authors are contradictory or not. It is demonstrated that the definition of commodity (by its freely reproducible character in Ricardo, as a product of private labor and as a value in Marx) cannot be applied to money. This critique of commodity-money leads to several propositions in favor of an analysis focused on the concept of mintage.


The diffusion interaction parameters δ C C,δ i C expressing the dependence of carbon diffusivities D(C) on carbon N(C) and alloying elements N(i) concentrations in austenitic ternary alloys Fe-C-M are presented. The parameters δ C C, δ i C differ from the parameters β C C, β i C expressing the D(C) dependence on N(C) and N(i) concentrations in polycomponent alloys and steels. The values δ C C and δ i C are calculated on the basis of literature data. The parameters β C C and β i C published in our previous papers are introduced for comparison sake. The results of analysis showing the dependence of D(C) diffusivity on its own concentration N(C) in γFe are added.


Abstract Much of the discussion of rural Christianity focuses on the presence and the role of the Church of England. Less attention has been devoted to the historic significance and present activity of the Free Churches, especially in English market towns. This paper analyses two areas of rural England (Leicestershire and Rutland and Oxfordshire and the Cotswold District of Gloucestershire) and demonstrates a continuing and significant Free Church presence in the countryside. It reflects on some current models of ecclesiology and considers the possibilities for new models and fresh expressions of Church which draw on the shared heritage of English Christianity both Anglican and Dissenting.


Summary The brothers of 73 delinquent boys were found themselves to be more antisocial than the brothers of 73 matched control boys. Further, the average antisocial score of the probands' brothers increased with the number of brothers in the family, holding the number of sisters constant, and decreased with the number of sisters, holding the number of brothers constant. These results are interpreted in terms of male potentiation and female suppression of antisocial behaviour in boys. Results are also reported for 59 pairs of matched delinquent and control girls and their siblings.


One of the most fascinating minds In colonial America was that of Cedwallader Colden (1688-1776), a royal of¬ ficial in New York for almost sixty years, who also fol¬ lowed an unusual career in science. He had been introduced to the new Newtonian physics at the University of Edinburgh before 1705* After training as a physician in London he crossed the Atlantic in 1710, and in time gained that modest fortune which gave him the leisure to study science. Golden's first contributions were to natural history, the Plantae Coldenghamlae published by Linnaeus, and various papers on the climate and diseases of the Hew World. But his consuming interest, to which he devoted himself for fifty years, was theoretical physics. In 17k$ he published An Explication of the First Causes of Action in Matter. and of the Cause of Gravitation which presented a physical theory designed to corroborate and extend Newton's mathe¬ matical synthesis in the Principle. His Principles of Action in Matter, the Gravitation of Bodies, and the Motion of the Planets, explained from those Principles appeared in 1751 and related his theory to astronomical phenomena. The final, unpublished version of this work, vast and encyclopedic, attempted to solve the riddle, the assumed but unnamed causes, in the Principle, and to answer those questions posed in the "Queries" of Newton's Opticks.


Using polarimetric radar observations, different microphysical characteristics were found in the asymmetric concentric eyewalls of Typhoon Lekima (2019). In addition to the differential reflectivity (ZDR) column, a typical size‐sorting radar signature was evident in the upright inner eyewall: a cyclonically upwind offset of the ZDR maximum relative to the horizontal reflectivity (ZH) and specific differential phase (KDP) maxima. In contrast, the large values of ZDR were located above the melting layer along the upper edge of the more tilted outer eyewall and did not extend downward to form a ZDR column. In the cyclonic direction, moreover, the large values of the three polarimetric variables in the outer eyewall almost overlapped, without the cyclonic offset of typical size‐sorting radar signature. Thus, more active warm‐cloud (cold‐cloud) processes dominate in the outer (inner) eyewall, particularly for the production of large drops, closely associated with the intrinsic dynamical structure of the concentric eyewalls.


: Nosocomial infections may result from intensive care unit pulse oximeters. The descriptive study examined pulse oximeter sensor microbiological contamination and the efficacy of manual disinfection with alcohol and sodium hypochlorite in five hospital intensive care units. Sixty-eight reusable pulse oximeter sensors were swabbed, cultured, and evaluated after decontamination. In private and public hospitals, 12 (35.2%) and 13 (37.2%) pulse oximeters tested positive for bacteria. Alcohol 70% reduced the microbial load and more than 10% sodium hypochlorite. The study found that purposeful cleaning and disinfection reduce microorganisms. Alcohol was more efficacious than sodium hypochlorite. Critical care facilities should regularly clean reusable pulse oximeter sensors.


The continuing influx of refugees in Europe has sparked a debate about the consequences of this shock on public finances. This paper uses quarterly data for a sample of 26 European countries over the period 2001-2012 to investigate the impact of refugee inflow on public spending. We use a Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) model to isolate the impact of refugee shocks. Our study leads to the following results: (1) the refugee shock induces an increase of government spending in the very short run. However, refugee shock explains only 2.05% of the change in government spending. (2) Though not significant, the impact of refugees on government spending is higher in countries which are members of the Euro zone. (3) The empirical analysis also shows that the response of government spending to refugee shock is on average higher in countries which have adopted labour market reforms. Finally, the results of this study show that government spending are more sensitive to common shocks than idiosyncratic shocks.


It is shown that person emotional state estimation with help of facial or speech state estimation isn't enough. It is necessary to create Hybrid Intelligence system of emotional facial and speech state estimation. For the problem solution it is proposed to use hybrid convolutional neural networks. The data supplied to the network input are presented in the form of mel-spectrograms and facial images during conversation. Mel-spectrogram can be interpreted as a two-dimensional image, where along one axis the frequency changes, along the other time, or rather sequential frames of the spectrogram. The following characteristics are often extracted for this purpose: local characteristics, global characteristics, prosodic characteristics, qualitative characteristics. It is shown that change of emotions on a face or in speech is connected with internal reaction of the person to the questions posed. For the solution of emotional state estimation with help of facial and speech state estimation it is offered to use convolutional neural networks at a stage of micro emotions identification and voice characteristic changes. Making decision on potential threats based on determined emotional state estimation is realized by the ensemble of classifiers.


In markets where product quality is diffuse and verification by buyers is sufficiently costly, high-quality sellers have an incentive to "signal" to buyers by investing in some activity that is more costly for low-quality sellers. Unfortunately, with competition among buyers over the price paid for each level of the signal, there is, in general, no Nash equilibrium. However, it is sufficient for equilibrium that (i) low-quality sellers would, under symmetric information, choose not to enter the market, and (ii) the rate at which the marginal cost of signaling declines across types is sufficiently large.


Lyapunov exponents can act as the judgment rule whether the systems is chaotic or not.We propose an approach to control chaotic systems by varying the Lyapunov exponents of the system. At last we use this method to control a chemical system. Both the theoretical analysis and the simulation results prove that this method can quickly and effectively stabilize the chaotic systems to the desire points.


Tulis Sutan Sati Works " Sabai Nan Aluih": Androginic Phenomenon in Minangkabau Matrilinial Communuty. The aims of this research are 1) To know the cultural difraction of society in a drama text steming from the legendary story. 2) To know the understanding of matrilini concept in a drama text, 3) To know the way the author approaches women's position in a story. This research employed gender studies to analyze the androginic phenomena of women figure in the text. The result the study shows that Tulis Sutan Sati does not give place to women as equal to men. Though culturally Minangkabau is matrilineal society, women remain sub ordinate to men as reflected in their literature.Keywords: androginik, matrilinial, drama text.


The invariant $\mathrm{v}$-number was introduced very recently in the study of Reed-Muller-type codes. Jaramillo and Villarreal (J Combin. Theory Ser. A 177:105310, 2021) initiated the study of the $\mathrm{v}$-number of edge ideals. Inspired by their work, we take the initiation to study the $\mathrm{v}$-number of binomial edge ideals in this paper. We discuss some properties and bounds of the $\mathrm{v}$-number of binomial edge ideals. We explicitly find the $\mathrm{v}$-number of binomial edge ideals locally at the associated prime corresponding to the cutset $\emptyset$. We show that the $\mathrm{v}$-number of Knutson binomial edge ideals is less than or equal to the $\mathrm{v}$-number of their initial ideals. Also, we classify all binomial edge ideals whose $\mathrm{v}$-number is $1$. Moreover, we try to relate the $\mathrm{v}$-number with the Castelnuvo-Mumford regularity of binomial edge ideals and give a conjecture in this direction.


Vascular diseases and asthma are two common conditions associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Both are chronic, each has an inflammatory component, both are accompanied by remodelling of hollow tubes and both are amenable to early intervention. Those working in cardiovascular diseases have already made significant advances in terms of understanding the pathophysiology and the need to conduct large scale multicentre trials to address simple but pivotal questions about altering outcomes. Those of us who work in the respiratory field lag behind. A meeting was held in the Napa Valley, California, in May 1993, to bring together basic scientists and clinicians from each of these research fields, in order to address the similarities and differences between asthma and vascular diseases. The meeting was challenging, and thought provoking, and highlighted a number of similarities between asthma and vascular diseases. It also left those of us working in the respiratory field with a major worry - how little we know about the lesion in asthma. The meeting was held over two days. The first day was devoted to basic science, and the second to therapeutic intervention and the design of large multicentre trials to consider the impact of treatment on disease progression. We considered (in both diseases) aspects of the pathological changes and the mechanisms contributing to the remodelling which occurs. These were addressed in studies carried out using both in vivo and in vitro experimental techniques. In particular, the regulation of growth of airway and vascular smooth muscle, in addition to the role this plays in altered in vivo and in vitro reactivity was discussed. We summarized the similarities and differences between asthma and vascular disease (table 1). On the second day, we considered the effect of specific therapeutic intervention in asthma and the effects of this on structural changes. A particular highlight was the final presentation by Gresele on the considerable progress made by those in the cardiovascular area in the design and successful execution of large multicentre clinical trials, which posed very simple questions to huge numbers of patients. Our cardiovascular colleagues expressed some dismay over the fact that we in the respiratory field could not seem to agree on a definition of asthma, or which outcome variables were most appropriate to measure. In table 2, the parameters used in the International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS) trials are shown, together with some suggestions for the design of the "ideal" comparable trial in asthma patients. One particularly useful example of the need for researchers in the respiratory field to follow developments in the cardiovascular area has arisen since the meeting. In a recent publication by O'BRIEN et al. [2] the current approaches to therapeutic intervention in atherosclerotic coronary arteries have been questioned. This study shows that


Mobile devices have become ubiquitous in the recent years which made mobile multimedia communication easy and faster. These days, mobile phones with high resolution built-in digital cameras are widely used all around the world, and these portable handheld digital devices provide a new way to visualize, store and transmit images. The aim of this paper is to put forward an image processing method to solve the problem of inefficiency of image processing in mobile devices because the image processing tasks become more complex than before. Therefore, traditional image processing methods have difficulty applying to resource constrained mobile devices. The above problem has been extensively explored


A Self-Organizing Connectionist Model of Early Word Production Xiaowei Zhao (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of Richmond Richmond, VA 23173 USA Ping Li (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of Richmond Richmond, VA 23173 USA Abstract In this paper we present DevLex-II, a self-organizing neural network model of early word production. It consists of three self-organizing feature maps (a semantic layer, a phonological layer and a phonemic layer) that are connected via associative links trained by Hebbian learning. We use this model to simulate the early stages of lexical acquisition in children. The simulating results indicate a number of important effects in determining the timing and function of children's word production, such as word frequency and word length effects. In addition, results from lesioned models indicate developmental plasticity in the network's recovery from damage. Plasticity occurs at early stages, and changes with time in a non-monotonic and nonlinear fashion. These simulated patterns are due to the nonlinear dynamic properties of the network and match up with data from empirical studies of children. Introduction While many previous models of language acquisition have used back-propagation as the standard algorithm, in our work we have explored self-organizing neural network as a cognitively and neurally plausible model of language acquisition (Li, 2003; Li, Farkas, & MacWhinney, 2004). In this paper we present DevLex-II, an extension of the DevLex model as discussed in Li et al. (2004). The DevLex model has been applied to account for phenomena in early lexical development, including category formation, lexical confusion, and age of acquisition. The extended DevLex-II has been applied to simulate 'vocabulary spurt', a sudden and rapid increase in children's early productive vocabulary around 18 months of age (Li, Zhao, & MacWhinney, 2005). We have been able to model the emergence of vocabulary spurt as a function of a number of parameters, including verbal short-term memory and associative capacity. In this paper, we follow up on the initial findings to further examine patterns of early word production, in three respects: (a) word-frequency and word-length effects, (b) children's early pronunciation errors, and (c) the recovery from brain injury for early word learning. First, word frequency and word length are two important variables that have been extensively studied in psycholinguistic research. Empirical studies show that token frequency and length of words determine the latency of a variety of tasks such as naming and lexical decision in adult language (Jescheniak and Levelt, 1994). Recent research indicates that these lexical properties may also affect lexical development in early child language: in particular, the age of acquisition of words may be correlated with the frequency of words in parental input (Storkel, 2004). In this study, we attempt to identify through modeling how frequency and length of words affect the time course of lexical acquisition. Second, in the course of modeling early word production, we compare the performance of the model with empirical data in terms of word pronunciation. It is well known that, compared with the adult lexical forms, children's early speech involves omission, substitution, addition or reduplication of certain sounds or syllables. These patterns often show great individual variations and reflect children's lack of full mastery of articulatory programs at early stages of learning (Menn & Stoel-Gammon, 1993). Study of these errors at different ages can provide us with insights into the development of children's phonological abilities. One goal of the current study is to see if our model displays error patterns similar to those observed with children and to identify cognitive mechanisms underlying the errors. Third, significant progresses have been made in the understanding of language development and its neurological underpinnings through research with children who suffer from brain injuries that are different in size, location, onset age, and so on (Bates 1999; Bates & Roe, 2001; Vargha- Khadem, Isaacs, & Muter 1994). Researchers have also attempted to simulate developmental language disorders using connectionist nets (Marchman 1993; Thomas & Karmiloff-Smith, 2002). Empirical studies show that, children with early brain injury can go on to acquire linguistic abilities within normal range, whereas similar lesions in adults produce dramatic patterns of aphasia (Bates & Roe, 2001). These data provide evidence supporting a general view that great plasticity is an early privilege (Thomas, 2003). However, how plasticity changes with time is a complex problem and is still unclear. Bates and colleagues have argued that the shape of the function is not monotonic (Bates, 1999; Bates & Roe, 2001). In this study, we hope to shed some light on the issue by observing network performance and its ability to recover under various lesion conditions.


This work proposes a comparative reading of the poetry of Angolan writer Paula Tavares and that of Mozambican writer Jose Craveirinha in order to analyse the presence of eroticism in the verses of these poets. This research aims to demonstrate that eroticism manifests itself in both authors's poetics through a seduction game and the subsequent meeting of the lovers, which sometimes becomes fugitive when intercepted by facts, specified and analysed throughout this text, which generate deep discouragement in the lyric speaker.


Metastatic Melanoma, the fifth most common cancer in the western countries and the most common malignancy diagnosed in United States present itself as the most lethal treatment resistant cancer worldwide. In addition to the reactive oxygen species(ROS), mutations in the genes encoding receptors and non-receptor tyrosine/serene/threonine protein kinases are known to be involved in its etiology. Kinases are molecular players of cell survival, growth, and proliferation and migration that mediate their effects via various signal transduction pathways. A number of such molecular players have been previously found to be mutated and hyper phosphorylated in melanoma. Although, several systemic therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted drugs, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, bio-chemotherapy, and therapies that inhibit negative regulation of immune system have been approved from U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for metastatic melanoma treatment. However, no systemic therapy has meaningfully changed its survival end points so far and surgery still presents primary treatment option for advanced and metastatic melanomaa due to its highly resistant nature towards systemic drugs, high rate of severe, life-threatening, or fatal side effects, and un satisfactory overall response rate. Therefore, there is still a need to develop therapies that target the unique molecular profile of melanoma tumors.


EULAR guidelines currently recommend metho-trexate (MTX) as fi rst line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Treatment should be start at 10-15 mg/week, with escalation of 5 mg every 2-4 weeks up to 20-30 mg/week, depending on clinical response and tolerability. However the bioavailability of higher oral dose of MTX in adult patients with RA is highly variable and, on average, is two-thirds that of subcutaneous (sc) or intra-muscular. Besides, its clinical benefi t is often limited by gastrointestinal side effects. The enhanced bioavaibility of sc MTX may make this route of administration preferable to the oral in some patients and a useful strategy to gain the full benefi t of MTX therapy. Several studies have compared the clinical effi ca-cy and safety of sc versus oral administration of MTX. In a study conducted by Braun et al (Arthritis Rhe-um 2008) in 384 patients with active RA, sc MTX was signifi cantly more effective (ACR 20 and 70) than oral MTX at the same dosage, especially in patients with a disease duration of ≥ 1 year, who respond earlier to sc MTX than to oral MTX. The safety profi le was not si-gnifi cantly different between both application routes. In a study by Rutkowska-Sak et al (Reumatolo-gia 2009) 70 patients with RA were switched from oral to the same dose of sc MTX because of gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects. Switching from oral to s.c. MTX had reduced intensity of GI side effects in all enrolled patients. Some side effects like vomiting and diarrhea were completely eliminated by sc MTX. Nevertheless, Bharadway et al, (Rheumatology 2008) have shown in a retrospective study that switching from oral to sc MTX can delay the necessity for biologics. In summary, there is now a wealth of evidence about sc MTX superior effi cacy vs. oral application, faster onset of action, less gastro-intestinal side-effects, better/reproducible bioavailability, which results in increase use of sc MTX seen throughout Europe.


This meeting will be one of the more important to be held in Prima's 14 years as a listed biotech company. If the resolutions being put before our shareholders are passed, they will enable significant funding for the exciting immunooncology programs added to our portfolio through the acquisition of Immutep SA late last year. The resolutions will also enable a significant investment in Prima from the US-based Ridgeback Capital Investments, whose willingness to back Prima, we believe, constitutes a significant step forward for our company in terms of its credibility with key opinion leaders in Life Sciences investments.


The utility model relates to a structure improved heat exchanger for heat exchange between different fluids, in particular to a winding threaded pipe shell heat exchanger, comprising an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of hot fluid, and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of cool fluid that are respectively arranged on the closed heat exchanger shell body. Both sides of the closed heat exchanger shell body are respectively divided into a middle cool fluid chamber and two hot fluid chambers with two symmetric sides through a clapboard of the end part of the cool fluid outlet pipe and a clapboard of the end part of the cool fluid inlet pipe that are symmetric with each other; spirally winding bundles are arranged in the cool fluid chamber, and an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe of the bundles are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding through holes arranged on the clapboards with two symmetric sides, so that the inlet and the outlet of the spiral winding bundles are respectively communicated with the hot fluid chamber with two symmetric sides. The utility model has the advantages of compact structure, small size, light weight, large heat exchange area, high heat exchange efficiency, no easy scaling while in use, low running noise and long service life.


This paper reports galvanomagnetic properties of arrays of single-crystal bismuth nanowires, with diameters of 7 to 200 nm, embedded in an amorphous porous anodic alumina matrix. A sample preparation technique is described that makes it possible to obtain nanowires with diameters below 10 nm. The wires are single crystals, with their long axes oriented in the bisectrix/trigonal plane, about 19\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the bisectrix axis. The temperature dependence $(1.4\mathrm{K}l~Tl~300\mathrm{K})$ of the electrical resistance, longitudinal magnetoresistance $(0\mathrm{T}l~Bl~5\mathrm{T}$ with $1.4l~Tl~75\mathrm{K},$ and $0Tl~Bl~1\mathrm{T}$ with $80l~Tl~300\mathrm{K})$ and transverse magnetoresistance $(0\mathrm{T}l~Bl~5\mathrm{T}$ with $1.4l~Tl~75\mathrm{K})$ of the nanowires are given. The results extend previous work to wires of narrower diameter, and confirm the existence of the semimetal-semiconductor phase transition seen in the magnetoresistance. The data are discussed qualitatively in terms of the interplay between the electron cyclotron radii, electron scattering on the wire walls, size-induced energy level quantization, and the transfer of carriers between the different carrier pockets of the Fermi surface. Nanowires of Bi are theoretically predicted to have a much higher thermoelectric figure of merit than bulk Bi.


Objective: The role of diffusion-weighted MRI in differential diagnostics and predicting the survival of patients with spine metastases was studied. Methods: The study included data from MRI and morphological studies of 23 patients with spine metastases. Results: The values obtained for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumors were compared with their histological type, cell density and Ki-67 proliferation index. The effect of ADC values on overall patient survival was also assessed. A reliable inverse correlation was established between ADC values and Ki-67 proliferation index for various types of spine metastases (r=-0.753, p=0.017). The dependence of ADC values and overall survival of patients with metastases in the spine is shown. Conclusion: The technique of diffusion-weighted MRI can be used as part of a comprehensive assessment in the preoperative planning of surgical treatment, and as a prognostic factor of overall survival for this group of patients. Level of Evidence II. Prognostic retrospective study,


In recent years, substantial research has been carried out in the field of image processing to evaluate different structures and information from images. Image processing techniques have played a pivotal role in a wide range of applications. Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) are an alternative type of neural network that can be used to reduce spectral variations and model spectral correlations which exist in image. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning an image into multiple segments, so as to change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Segmentation technique, basically convert the complex image into the simple image. For the image segmentation process the Watershed technique is used the segmented image is further postprocessed using Morphological operation form the post-processing the fully segmented image can be obtained with high accuracy.


Compared with labeled data, unlabeled data are significantly easier to obtain. Currently, classification of unlabeled data is an open issue. In this paper a novel SVM-KNN classification methodology based on Semi-supervised learning is proposed, we consider the problem of using a large number of unlabeled data to boost performance of the classifier when only a small set of labeled examples is available. We use the few labeled data to train a weaker SVM classifier and make use of the boundary vectors to improve the weaker SVM iteratively by introducing KNN. Using KNN classifier doesn't enlarge the number of training examples only, but also improves the quality of the new training examples which are transformed from the boundary vectors. Experiments on UCI data sets show that the proposed methodology can evidently improve the accuracy of the final SVM classifier by tuning the parameters and can reduce the cost of labeling unlabeled examples.


From the clinical point of view,exposition paibing treatment and paibing reaction.Pointed out: Pai disease reaction was relatively insufficient in the healthy energy occur,Then discharge the disease or need the help of drugs,Or rely on self — righteousness recovery.


The article is a translation from English of the scientific work of the Turkish historian Nikole Kançal Ferrari: "An Italian Renaissance Gate for the Khan: Visual culture in Early Modern Crimea". The article deals with the issue of foundation and identification of the author of the Iron Door (Demir Kapu) project in Backchisarai. The article also considers the question of the original location and date of installation of the project. This is rather difficult task due to the intensive restoration works and replacement of many decayed decorative components of the portal. The accurate analysis of the original appearance of the monument is almost impossible. In this regard, the analysis and research of the other sources is carried out except for the gates of the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul and the surviving inscriptions of the Crimean Khanate.


A device for cooking instant noodle is provided to allow a user to appropriately cook foods by installing a liquid crystal display window to recognize a cooking process. A device for cooking instant noodle includes a water tank(12), a filter(13), a water supply container(18), a solenoid valve(14), a cooking support frame(19), a heater(17), a housing(H), and a control device(C). The water tank stores water necessary to cook the instant noodle. The filter purifies the water supplied from the water tank. The water supply container supplies a certain amount of water when the instant noodle is to be cooked. The solenoid valve opens and closes a pipe(P) for supplying hot water. The cooking support frame supports the instant noodle to be cooked. The heater supplies heat to a noodle vessel. The housing accommodates the above components. The control device controls water supply and additional heating according to time by being operated only for a predetermine time corresponding to one operation of a button.


Information is presented on a study that looked at T-cell activation in patients with advanced HIV disease. Details of eligible participants from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were reviewed to evaluate the differences among those who died within 6 months and those who survived more than 18 months. Results from this study are discussed. The most significant is that T-cell activation may be more predictive of risk of death than HIV viral loads.


Ponder an immediate dilemma. The propositional content of divine revelation generally includes reference to the Trinity, and thus includes reference to the Holy Spirit. To be specific, the Holy Spirit is understood to be a Person in the Trinity, that Person, in contrast to the Father and the Son, who proceeds eternally from the Father. This vision of the triune God is clearly grounded in part in divine revelation. So any appeal to the activity of the Holy Spirit as critical in claims about divine revelation will already assume the existence of the Holy Spirit; hence, the whole operation is prima facie hopelessly circular. We appeal to divine revelation to underwrite claims about the existence of the Spirit as one Person in the Holy Trinity; we then appeal to the Holy Spirit to articulate and underwrite our claims about divine revelation. How can this be? After resolving this dilemma, this chapter proceeds as follows: first, it develops and deploys a schema for thinking through the relation between revelation and the action of the Holy Spirit; secondly, it suggests that representative material on the work of the Holy Spirit systematically operates on a reductionist and narrow range of issues; finally, it offers a diagnosis of what has gone wrong and makes a handful of suggestions for future research.


This Paper presents the validation studies results of an engine mathematical performance model identification for flight management system trajectory prediction and optimization applications. The m...


A new efficient and straightforward method to convert amines into siloxane-thiol hybrid molecules was developed. The method relies on the nucleophilic addition of amines to a cyclic dithiocarbonate having siloxane moiety (DTC-Si), and the successive ring-opening reaction of the dithiocarbonate moiety to give the corresponding acyclic thiourethane having a thiol moiety. Based on this method, amine-terminated poly(propylene glycol) was successfully transformed into the corresponding polyether having thiol-terminals and siloxane groups. In the presence of moisture, the alkoxysilyl moiety underwent condensation reaction to make the polyether cured into a transparent resin having solvent-resistance. Addition of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (Bis A-DGE) to the curing process resulted in two simultaneous reactions, i.e., (1) condensation of siloxane part and (2) addition reaction of the thiol terminal and the epoxide group. When this curing process was carried out on a glass surface, the siloxane part reacted with silanol group on the surface, forming a coating layer having excellent mechanical toughness graded as maximum 7H by pencil toughness test (JIS-K5400). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5119–5126, 2005


Cutting allowance effect on friction and wear property of polytetrafluoroethylene composite bearing applying in dynamic and static plate of scroll compressor is investigated in this paper. Results show that the increase of covered copper and the lower of lubricant component with the increasing of cutting allowance. With the increase of cutting allowance, friction coefficient of PTFE multi-layer composite material increase gradually and the wear rate show a trend of low in advance, then increase. When cutting allowance is 0.05mm, composite bearing have the optimal wear resistance. For improving effectively the fitting allowance of bearing and preventing higher vibration in high movement, the bearing should be cut by 0.05mm before fitting applying.


works. Litigation is mentioned in a scant dozen lines. Perhaps the Great Western was unique in this respect: certainly few other successful mines in the West were able to operate for more than a quarter of a century with so little court action. Reproductions of photographs from the author's private collection enrich the text of the book, though it is a pity that so many are only halfpage cuts, with the remainder of the page left blank. The index is adequate but a bibliography is lacking. The historian will question the heavy reliance Mrs. Goss places on the "random memories" of her own brothers and sisters made in 1947-1957 to describe events and experiences of their early childhood years. Other major sources include letters and a diary written by the author's mother, Mary Thompson Rocca, and local newsiapers, especially the Calistoga Calistogian. A serious omission is the ailure to consult the mining press, either state or national. I


The system and method of the present invention reduces the AC losses in a magnetic coil having one or more gaps. Foil windings, is formed with one or more cavities, the cavities are placed around the magnetic core so as to close the gap. The method to the magnetic core, the first pillar and at least one forming a gap, said first axis and about the vertical plane of symmetry to the axis defined by the second pillar of the magnetic core substantially symmetrical, in order to define an opening comprising a cavity extending in the outboard direction from the first pillar and said second pole, said first column, said second column and the relative forming a foil winding that circumscribes the gap, in order to reduce AC loss, the cavity is, to be substantially symmetrical with respect to the symmetry plane, and placing the said foil winding It encompasses.


This study aimed at the effect of electrolyte filled volume on transmittance and coloration efficiency of the electrochromic device. The device mainly consisted of ITO, WO3 template and electrolyte (PC + LiClO4). The experimental results showed the transmittance of visible light reduced with increasing the electrolyte filled volume. In addition, when the electrolyte filled volume was 100 mm^3, the coloration efficiency could reach the maximum CE, 15.2 cm^2/C.


The paper focuses on conservation farming with a view to recommending a paradigm shift in Zimbabwe's peasant farming sector. The study comes against the background of declining agricultural productivity on account of a range of factors. Traditional peasant farming typically involves frequent and intensive turning of the soil thus depriving the soil of cover. In addition, it stresses mono-cropping, suggesting that it is unsustainable. In contrast to this, conservation farming entails minimum or nil soil disturbance, soil cover maintenance, and crop rotation, implying that it is sustainable. To date, conservation farming has only been marginally adopted in communal lands of Zimbabwe, particularly in the semiarid southeast parts of the country, yet the problem of soil and water conservation is rampant in most communal areas of the country. To address the problem of declining fertility and the attendant declining agricultural productivity, the paper critically examines conservation farming as an alternative to orthodox farming, which should be vigorously promoted. It exposes the merits of conservation farming and, on this basis, recommends its adoption countrywide in the communal areas.


The objective of this study is to analyse the influence organization culture to management control systems and its impact to dysfunctional behavior. The study was conducted on twelve (12) state-owned enterprises strategic industries (BUMNIS) in Indonesia on 2015-2016 year. This study is hypothesis testing research with 12 samples that selected based on criteria survey method explanation, the data sources obtained from respondents consisting of top management, the board of directors and the internal control unit 60 (sixty) people (at response rate100%). Quitionaire sent by reseacher visiting. Analysis of data using structural equation modelling (SEM) with PLS approach. The results showed there is influence organization culture to management control systems and dysfunctional behavior.


Two new species of Actina from Taiwan are described:A. quadrimaculata sp. nov. and A. yeni sp. nov. The types are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU),Beijing.


Within the context of a theoretical model where an increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms is interpreted as increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), this paper shows that, through its impact on firm capability and revenue, FDI can affect the quality of goods produced by domestic firms in host economies. We show that, in the presence of positive productivity spillovers, an increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms lowers the cut-off capability of domestic firms, which allows some relatively inefficient domestic firms to enter the industry thereby contributing to a decrease in product quality. An increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms affects firm revenue through two channels. On the one hand, an increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms enhances productivity, which contributes to an increase in firm revenue. On the other hand, entry of new domestic firms also increases the level of competition within the industry, which puts a downward pressure on firm revenue. We conclude that, in the presence of positive productivity spillovers, an increase in FDI decreases the quality of goods produced by domestic firms in host economies only if its impact on firm revenue is sufficiently small (or negative). Using data from China's beverage manufacturing industry, employing the nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression technique on firm level data and without explicitly measuring quality, we estimate the impact of an increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms on the product quality of domestic firms. Our empirical analysis suggests that a 1% increase in the proportion of foreign-invested firms decreases the product quality of domestic firms by more than 0.6259%.


An algorithm used for the optimization of the design of the MAV(Micro -Air vehicle) propeller has been presented. Also, as a result of the adopted optimization process, a detailed description of the design concept of the MAV propeller is pr esented. The design procedure involves three steps. First, the airfoil shape is optimized to provide the maximum lift -to -drag ratio in each section. Here, for the calculation of the aerodynamic coefficients, X foil code has been used. Second, the blade shap e is optimized, using the minimum energy loss method under given design conditions. Finally, the optimal value for the propeller efficiency has been selected from the calculated performances corresponding to given geometries and operating conditions, using the response surface method. The feasibility of the design space is checked as the probability of success obtained from response surface methodology and Monte Carlo simulation. And using Chebyshev inequality, the design space is moved to high feasible reg ion. It is taken the loiter velocity for a single design point, design variables considered are the blade diameter and the motor rpm which constitute an advance ratio and the supplied power. The imposed constraints are the ranges of the required thrust, th e activity factor and the Mach number. The performance of the optimized propeller has been compared with that of the Black Widow propeller for the standard design condition, and thereby the presented algorithm has been validated.


Phenolic solvents such as phenol, 3,4-xylenol, 2-naphthol, and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthol greatly promote toluene formation in the hydrogenolysis of trans-stilbene, compared with hydroaromatic hydrocarbon solvents. Toluene is afforded in the thermal decomposition of the phenolic solvent adduct to trans-stilbene, not via bibenzyl.


Financing rapid growth - price scissors in China organization of agriculture industry regional property rights and the impact of fiscal policy monetary policy gradualism in China's economic reform.


Almost from the dawn of the nuclear age, mankind has had to face the problem of immobilising highly radioactive nuclear waste. Borosilicate glasses have shown that they have a unique blend of processing and product characteristics which make them nearly ideal for this application. In the United States the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) near Aiken, South Carolina is the free world's largest facility for the immobilisation of high level nuclear waste in borosilicate glass. Although borosilicate glass has proven an excellent choice for this application, fundamental research to identify the structural role boron oxides play in waste glasses as a function of glass composition could pay important dividends. Such work could shed new light on glass durability. Potentially, it could lead to a method to reliably predict phase separation of boron containing glasses. It might also point the way toward optimising the amount of waste components which can be dissolved into glass.


Because of the anatomy and biomechanics intraarticular pressure modifications are caused by loading and movement of a joint. These continuous pressure alterations are examined in the hip joint of cadavers and in the shoulder-joint of cadavers and volunteers. The clinical importance is shown. The hereto hardly know changes of intraaticular pressure cause a strong synoviamovement and serve the provisioning of the joint-cartilage with the help of the changing, pressure pump-system.


It might not make much difference

The concept of concordance—consensual prescribing—emerged after an inquiry "into the causes and consequences of non-compliance with medicines."1 The notion of "doctor's orders," where the passive patient is given treatment by the authoritarian and supposedly knowledgeable doctor is replaced by the idea of discussion and agreement between patient and prescriber before treatment. The final aim is "to optimise the potential benefits of medical care."1 Two thirds of older patients prescribed a statin for coronary artery disease will have given up treatment within two years.2 Concordance implies that these patients are denied real benefits if they do not take treatment as prescribed, and informed discussion should improve matters. Constructive dialogue between patient and prescriber is ethically and professionally desirable, even if the public good sometimes demands an authoritarian approach, as with directly observed treatment for tuberculosis or methadone maintenance. Usually, however, the patient, who has most to gain by success and the most to lose from …


"Perhaps the greatest challenge facing today's judicial system is to provide access to meaningful legal services for all our citizens. The problem is especially acute for persons of low or modest means. In these times of dwindling resources, we must be ever vigilant to assure that 'equal justice under the law' is a reality rather than merely a platitude." —Chief Justice Paul A. Suttell Rhode Island Supreme Court


A semiconductor device comprising at least one first field effect transistor (22) in which is formed a channel of the one conductivity type in a region of the other opposite to the one conductivity type conduction type in the switched state, and at least a second field effect transistor (21), in which of the forms in the on state, a channel of the opposite conductivity type in a zone of one conduction type, wherein both field-effect transistors (22, 21) in a semiconductor body (2, 3) are provided and each having a drift region between the drain region and channel, characterized, in that - having at least one first field effect transistor (22) in its drift region at least a first compensation area (5) of the other conduction type, - the at least one second compensation region (3 ') of the at least one second field effect transistor (21) in its drift zone has a conductivity type, - are designed in the at least one first field effect transistor (22) and the at least one second field effect transistor (21) in their drift zones of complementary symmetrical, - the semiconductor body (2, 3) a semiconductor substrate (2) ...


We devised a routine evaluation method for the grain structures of baked breads using MRI. A piece of bread was soaked in Fe31 perchlorite-acetone solution, evacuated to remove the air between the grain networks, and used for measurement of MR images. Fe31 concentrations from 8 to 25 mM stained the crumb grain networks well. A plane resolution of 100 μm100 μm and slice thicknesses from 0.25 to 0.4 mm provided images suitable for analysis. A histogram of the PIXELs versus the gray level exhibited a bimodal pattern. The measurement time was shortened to 20 min per image by using the spin-echo 2D-FT method, which is less than one thirtieth the ordinary 3D image measurement time previously reported. MR images of the crumb grain networks and figures obtained by image analysis, i.e. the total-area/pore-area ratio, pore number detected, average pore size, and pore area distribution patterns, characterized the individual breads. The MR image system used in this study can replace a portion of the visual test in a sensory evaluation of bread quality in practical bread making.


The aim of this paper is to summarise the arguments pertaining to the need and benefits of applied research and then to give a series of examples of applied work undertaken at the University of Leeds.


A method for driving a liquid crystal display comprises the following steps: display data corresponding to one pixel of the liquid crystal display is obtained and the gray value of the driving data of a first frame in the display data is compared to that of the driving data of a second frame; when the difference of the gray value between the driving data of the first frame and the driving data of the second frame is more than a preset value, the driving data of the second frame is divided into the driving data in a plurality of sub frames; the gray values of the driving data in a plurality of sub frames are respectively adjusted according to the gray value of the driving data of the second frame, and the driving data in a plurality of sub frames is displayed in sequence by the pixel.


SDIRK2 (two-stage, second-order) and SDIRK3 (three-stage, third-order) were the first methods designated as DIRK methods [Ale77]. An embedded second-order method for errorestimation for SDIRK3 was presented shortly afterwards [Cas79]. It was noted that both methods are stiffly-accurate and Lstable [KC16]. Note that these names are also often used in the literature for other methods. The coefficients given below, however, are the only coefficients exhibiting all the listed properties.


In this paper the chance constrained model was adopted to incorporate a pre-specified level of reliability for optimal design of pipe networks. Uncertainties were considered for the following design parameters: 1) required demand from every node, 2) minimum permissible pressure head at each node, and 3) roughness coefficient for each pipe. Uncertain parameters were presented by random variables that have a normal distribution. The innovation in this paper is the adopting of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method to obtain the optimal design of the network system. GA is a stochastic optimization method that can easily handle any nonlinear constrained problem without any necessity to evaluate derivatives of the optimized function with respect to the unknown decision variables. A hypothetical example was tested against different levels of uncertainties and different levels of reliability. The results showed that the minimum cost, for the studied pipe network system, increases as the reliability level or the uncertainty level increases. Also, the final layout of the pipe networks system is greatly affected by the levels of uncertainty and reliability. A FORTRAN code was developed to apply the present methodology on water distribution networks.


Climatic changes are known today as one of the most serious challenges of environmental, social and economic changes facing the world. Agriculture is one of the most exposed domains due to its dependence on weather conditions. The main targets of breeders are to adapt the existing cultivars to climate changes and to create new cultivars with increased resistance to the significant differences of temperature and precipitations. The large alternations in temperature and precipitations, which were increasingly felt in recent decades have reduced crops, therefore the identification of cultivars with genetic characteristics that provide greater adaptability has a special importance. Concluding the results of research effected during the years 2012 – 2014 at the Cultivars Testing Centre of Targoviste, where 10 potato cultivars were tested in terms of yields, drought and low temperatures resistance, the recommended cultivars in the South Muntenia region are Productiv, Speranța and Luiza. The limiting factor for the quantitative and qualitative production is the amount of water and its distribution during the growing season. It was noticed a direct proportionality between yields levels and the distribution of rainfall during the water reserves accumulation period before the culture establishment and during the growing season.


Bacillus popilliae Dutky was the major pathogen found in grubs of Cyclocephala parallela Casey and Ligyrus subtropicus Blatchley in Florida sugarcane fields. The milky disease was widespread among fields in the sugarcane-producing region, and two different B. popilliae varieties infected the grubs. The type A milky disease, containing a parasporal crystal and spore in the sporangium, was the prevalent variety infecting C. parallela. The type B variety, possessing only a centrally located spore within the sporangium, infected mainly L. subtropicus grubs. The overall infection rate of B. popilliae was significantly greater in C. parallela than in L. subtropicus.


Background:  The proportion of older people increases worldwide and it is predicted to be continued further in near future. Increase of number of older population is also observed in Georgia. Among lots of diseases and disabilities that elderly people suffer from, poor oral health is one of the main public health issue. Unsatisfactory oral conditions has negative impact on general health and quality of life of older adults.  Aim:  The aim of the study was to assess periodontal health status in elderly population living in all regions of Georgia.  Methods:  The study was carried out based on WHO recommendations. Stratified - cluster probability sampling technique was conducted at national level. The total sample size was 843. Special questionnaire was used in order to identify risk-factors, also to assess general health of older adults and analyze correlations among periodontal health and general health. Participation in the study was voluntary. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis.    Results: Unhealthy periodontal status was observed in 61% of the total sample. Only 6.3% of participants were observed to have healthy periodontal status. Considering the prevalence of full edentulism, which was assessed to be 32.7% in total sample, prevalence of periodontal diseases may be considered to be terribly high. Statistically significant difference was observed due to gender: males were more likely to have unhealthy periodontal tissue, compared to females. Conclurion:  The study demonstrated poor periodontal health and inadequate oral hygiene to be an urgent problem in elderly population living in Georgia. Developing of oral health care services is crucial in order to maintain optimal oral health and oral health related healthy life longevity. Include in undergraduate curriculum of dentistry  "geriatric dentistry" as mandatory subject, create special continuing educational program in the field of gerodontology, support creation of gerodontology association of Georgia is essential.


Brick-making is one of the most ancient industries. India is the second largest producer of clay fired bricks, accounting for more than 15 percent of global production. India is estimated to have more than 100,000 brick kilns producing about 150 - 200 billion bricks annually. Brick industry in India is employing large number of migrant workers including men & women and even children who work in the kiln on a temporary contract and low wages. Hence the researchers have made an attempt to study the socio economic condition of the brick workers in the selected brick kilns of Coimbatore.


The article analyzes the first papal radio message transmitted on February 12, 1931. A particular attention was paid to the understanding of the media message presented there as addressed to everyone, and therefore having a character not only global, but universal. According to Pope Pius XI this universality means also addressing to God (in the act of praise and thanksgiving). It is a fact that this conception seems to be not particularly noticed – is God. The context of the first Pope's radio message, the image of God shown by Pope Pius XI, including God's beneficial relationships with other recipients of the message was discussed. The first Pope's radio message of Pius XI from 1931 contains indications that can help better understand and fully utilize the great, even growing media's possibilities nowadays and in the future.


: Two new proton-deficient metabolites, tandocyclinones A and B ( 1 and 2 ), were discovered via the chemical profiling of the Streptomyces sp. strain TDH03, which was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from the intertidal mudflat in Tando Port, the Republic of Korea. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as new ether-bridged C -glycosyl benz[ a ]anthracenes by using a combination of spectroscopic analyses of ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry (MS) data, along with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, which were acquired in tetrahydrofuran (THF)- d 8 selected after an extensive search for a solvent, resulting in mostly observable exchangeable protons in the 1 H NMR spectrum. Their configurations were successfully assigned by applying a J -based configuration analysis, rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) NMR correlations, chemical derivatization methods based on NMR (a modified version of Mosher's method) and circular dichroism (CD) (Snatzke's method using Mo 2 (OAc) 4 -induced CD), as well as quantum-mechanics-based computational methods, to calculate the electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Tandocyclinones A and B ( 1 and 2 ) were found to have weak antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes IFM40996 with an MIC value of 128 µ g/mL (244 and 265 µ M for 1 and 2 , respectively). A further biological evaluation revealed that tandocyclinone A ( 1 ) displayed inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium avium (MIC 50 = 40.8 µ M) and antiproliferative activity against SNU638 and HCT116 cancer cells, with IC 50 values of 31.9 µ M and 49.4 µ M, respectively.