Apparatus for monitoring a reactor surface with a sensor cable, which is during operation at least partially arranged in the region of the reactor surface, has at least two optical fibers (1, 2) arranged in the sensor cable, has at least one laser light source whose light is coupled at least partially into the optical fibers (1, 2) during the operation of the apparatus, and evaluation means, in which portions of the light coupled out of the optical fibers (1, 2) are evaluated during the operation of the apparatus, for monitoring at least partially the reactor surface with respect to at least one physical size in a spatially resolved manner. The apparatus includes magnetic retaining means (8) for attaching the sensor cable (10) on the reactor surface.


The purpose of the Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Systems Analysis (EDL-SA) study was to identify feasible technologies that will enable human exploration of Mars, specifically to deliver large payloads to the Martian surface. This paper focuses on the methods used to guide and control two of the contending technologies, a mid- lift-to-drag (L/D) rigid aeroshell and a hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator (HIAD), through the entry portion of the trajectory. The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST2) is used to simulate and analyze the trajectories of the contending technologies and guidance and control algorithms. Three guidance algorithms are discussed in this paper: EDL theoretical guidance, Numerical Predictor-Corrector (NPC) guidance and Analytical Predictor-Corrector (APC) guidance. EDL-SA also considered two forms of control: bank angle control, similar to that used by Apollo and the Space Shuttle, and a center-of-gravity (CG) offset control. This paper presents the performance comparison of these guidance algorithms and summarizes the results as they impact the technology recommendations for future study.


The surface plastic deformation was applied to high Nb containing TiAl alloy by means of shot peening,and the influence of the surface plastic deformation on the microstructure evolution of the diffusion bonding interface of high Nb containing TiAl alloy was studied.The results indicated that continuous α2 phase formed in the bonding interface with surface plastic deformation,and the fraction of α2 phase increased with the increasing deformation degree.Furthermore,the surface plastic deformation promotes the recrystallization in the subsequent annealing.The growth of the recrystallized grain reduced the fraction of α2 phase when the plastic deformation is large enough,and the α2 phase disappeared at last.Thus,the combined surface plastic deformation with recrystallization annealing improved the bonding quality of high Nb containing TiAl alloy.


Teacher learning plays an important role in promoting teacher development.Based on the analysis of the characteristics of teacher learning,school management,aiming at the management of teacher learning activities should provide the inspiring function,leading function and communicating function.School should implement some institutional construction,such as to found Learning Consultative Committee.And the indemnificatory system for teacher learning as well as school culture and information communication system should be improved in order to actualize the functions of school management and to keep the order of teacher learning activities.


Graph neural networks (GNNs) have received much attention as GNNs have recently been successfully applied on non-euclidean data. However, artificially designed graph neural networks often fail to get satisfactory model performance for a given graph data. Graph neural architecture search is an effective manner to construct the GNNs that achieves the expected model performance with the rise of automatic machine learning. The challenge is how to get the optimal GNN architectures in a vast search space automatically. Existing search methods evaluate the GNN architectures in a serial manner, which severely limits the system efficiency. To solve these problems, we develop an Automatic Graph Neural Architecture Search framework (Auto-GNAS) with parallel estimation to implement an automatic graph neural search process that requires almost no manual intervention. In Auto-GNAS, we design the search algorithm with multiple genetic searchers. Each searcher can simultaneously use evaluation feedback information, information entropy, and search results from other searchers based on sharing mechanism to improve the search efficiency. As far as we know, this is the first work using parallel computing to improve the system efficiency of graph neural architecture search. According to the experiment on the real datasets, Auto-GNAS obtain competitive model performance and better search efficiency than other search algorithms. Since the parallel estimation ability of Auto-GNAS is independent of search algorithms, we expand different search algorithms based on Auto-GNAS for scalability experiments. The results show that Auto-GNAS with varying search algorithms can achieve nearly linear acceleration with the increase of computing resources.


W hen pushed to the margins and borders of the nation and state, do women produce new forms of political engagement? How does embodied life trouble borders and margins? This issue brings together cogent analyses of embodied politics and religious practice and pushes forward our understandings of the intersectional, contingent, and sometimes transformative nature of life on the margins. Nadje Al-Ali and Latif Tas write, "War is like a blanket," covering adjacent forms of gendered violence: state violence is patriarchal violence, regardless of the gender of those who enact it. In the four articles that open this issue, the paradoxical and fluid patriarchal practices of the state run through the embodied experiences of women, of Palestinians, of the poor, and of all manner of others. Their bodies not only are symbolically cast as the nation through the celebration of gendered norms and national ideals (Mayer 2000; Yuval-Davis 1997); they also materially experience borders and their margins through state violence, expulsion, and more subtle and mundane forms of policing that act on individual women's bodies, structure family life, or infect discourses (hooks 1984; Hyndman and Mountz 2007; Mountz 2004; Secor 2007). This work speaks to feminist geography and geopolitics, which ask us to contend with embodied political practice as both contingent on and constitutive of territory (Dowler and Sharp 2001; Fluri 2009; Gökarıksel 2012; Massaro and Williams 2013; Smith, Swanson, and Gökarıksel 2016). The consequences are twofold: on the one hand, gendered geopolitical violence conflates bodies and territory and blurs the boundaries between forms and sites of violence (Pain 2015);


We present a tight analysis of the basic randomized rumor spreading process in complete graphs introduced by Frieze and Grimmett (1985), where in each round of the process each node knowing the rumor gossips the rumor to a node chosen uniformly at random. The process starts with a single node knowing the rumor.

We show that the number Sn of rounds required to spread a rumor in a complete graph with n nodes is very closely described by log2 n plus (1/n) times the completion time of the coupon collector process. This in particular gives very precise bounds for the expected runtime of the process, namely ⌊log2 n⌋ + ln n − 1:116 ≤ E[Sn] ≤ ⌈log2 n⌉ + ln n + 2:765 + o(1).


We analyze the importance of teaching with the correct methodology in thinking processes. We also present an empirical study which shows the importance of teachers' familiarity with these methodologies of thinking processes.


The enrichment functions used in eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) for linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) are not properly integrated with the classical Gauss scheme. We propose a modified integration scheme to improve the integration, both in 2D and 3D. Then, we compare several methods for the stress intensity factors computation using the X-FEM to check their robustness.


The High Court for England and Wales ruled in ITV v. TV Catch Up, a case regarding communication to the public of broadcasts by a live stream website. The judge gave a broad interpretation of 'communication to the public' acts and clarified when infringement of copyright in broadcasts occurs.


A novel dual-channel surface plasmon resonance sensor is described which uses a high refractive index overlayer to spectrally separate sensing channels, allowing for their simultaneous interrogation using a single spectrograph. A theoretical analysis of the sensor is presented as well as experimental results demonstrating its capability as a biosensor.


In a pair of small diagrams, two men set out on an imagined journey around the world (Figure 1).1 They venture in opposite directions—one goes left, while the other goes right—until finally they meet, upside down, at the lower edge of the earth. These diagrams are some of many that populate a fourteenth-century manuscript of Goussoin de Metz's L'image du monde, currently held in the collections of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BnF.fr.574).2 The Image, an encyclopedia originally composed in the mid-thirteenth century, was intended by its author to be used as a tool through which one might come to know God by knowing his creations.3 The manuscript, likely painted in Paris around 1320 for Guillaume Flote (1280–1366), advisor to Philip IV and chancellor of France, is a luxurious copy containing a prose redaction of Goussoin's original poetic text accompanied by a number of detailed miniatures. Twenty-eight of these are diagrams that play an integral role in the didactic function of the Image; Goussoin himself states that the book could not be easily understood without them.4 Throughout the text, he frequently pauses his narrative to direct the reader to a particular figure, where complicated ideas are carefully detailed and visualized. Although maps and diagrams have constituted a large part of the study of medieval memory, the figures in the Image have not yet been considered within this context. I argue that these images should be understood primarily as mnemonic devices that work to construct and reinforce the reader's place within the broad system of creation. I begin by briefly discussing the place of the Image within the broader context of the medieval encyclopedic tradition. I then consider how diagrams work to create, store, and convey information. With this contextual information established, I turn to the manuscript itself, proposing three possible ways of reading or engaging with the diagrams of BnF 574. Finally, I conclude by considering how previous owners' interactions with the book may have worked to incorporate them into the complicated world of Goussoin's cosmography.


Materials and Methods
At Swan's Lagoon Research Station in the subcoastal spear grass region of north Queensland, F1 half Brahman-Shorthorn and F1 half Sahiwal-Shorthorn calves born November to March in 1969-70, 1970-71 and 1971-72 were first mated at approximately two years of age. Each year mating commenced in January and continued for three to five months. The data were drawn from cows in a number of different mating groups on the property over the period 1972-1978.

13th Biennial Conference, August 1980, Perth, Western Australia.


Objectives The purpose of this study is to prove the mediating effect of self-compassion and forgiveness on the relationship between insecure adult-attachmant and psychological well-being. Methods This study conducted a survey consisnting adult-attachment scale, psychological well-being scale, self-compassion scale and forgiveness scale. The collected datea was analyzed with SPSS 35 and Mplus 7.3. Results This study confirms the need for varying approaches to forgiveness depending on adult attachment dimensions and the importance of attaining self-compassion, a positive factor, before forgiveness to achieve psychological well-being. Attachment anxiety improved psychological well-being only through a sequential, double mediation by self-compassion and forgiveness. Conversely, attachment avoidance can boost psychological well-being through a simple mediation by self-compassion or forgiveness and also can enhance psychological well-being through double mediation by self-compassion and forgiveness. The factors were associated in the following ways. First, there were significant correlations among adult attachment, psychological well-being, self-compassion, and forgiveness. Second, self-compassion and forgiveness did not have simple mediating effects on the relationship between attachment anxiety and psychological well-being. However, self-compassion and forgiveness had double mediating effects. Third, self-compassion and forgiveness had a mediating effect on the relationship between attachment avoidance and psychological well-being, and both had a double mediating effect as well. Conclusions In this study, the discussion and limitation of this study is presented.


Network densification with small cells deployment is regarded as one of the promising approaches to meet a huge demand of rapidly increasing wireless capacity. Such an approach can lead a dramatic increase of wireless capacity, but the interference issue still exists, which could be even more severe when the cells are too closely placed. This paper proposes an efficient spectrum sharing for a dense small cell network, where a user is usually communicable with multiple cells. Assuming either a simultaneous or a dedicated manner of the spectrum usage, an optimal spectrum sharing problem in order that the total system throughput is e maximized while user specific required data rate can be guaranteed. The proposed solution optimally determines the time portion of each spectrum usage manner, while satisfying the intended spectrum sharing goal.


This paper reports the results of a controlled laboratory experiment in which the work of Elam and Mead (Elam, J. J., M. Mead. 1990. Can software influence creativity? Inform. Systems Res. 1(1) 1--23.) was both replicated and extended to explore how knowledge and use of a creativity-enhancing process employed both manually and delivered via computer software affect the level of creativity in response to a problem-solving task. The results suggest the enhancement of creativity in response to open-ended problems is significantly affected by the process employed by the decision maker rather than the vehicle by which the process is delivered. Further, the results indicate that the capability of a decision support system (DSS) to provide directed guidance in the application of a process combined with user knowledge of the underlying process model improves creativity enhancement over use of either the DSS or the process alone.


We investigate mode transformation between longitudinal mode and transverse mode by spherical solid object. By analyzing the scattering cross section, we find that longitudinal wave (L) transformation to transverse wave (T) is much more than transverse wave (T) transformation to longitudinal wave (L). The ratio of L → T converted waves to T → L converted waves is verified to be independent of frequency. The strongest mode transformation between transverse mode and longitudinal mode can be obtained by choosing a solid sphere with large density and low shear velocity and background with small density and high shear velocity.


Enantioselective alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide with ω undecylenic acid was carried out using cationic palladium catalyst modified by 1,4 3,6 dianhydro 2,5 dideoxy 2,5 bis(diphenylphosphino) L iditol (DDPPI). The chiral diphosphine was proved to be effective in the enantioselective copolymerization. The pure poly(1,4 ketone) was obtained by dissolving the copolymer containing spiroketal and 1,4 ketone units in 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro 2 propanol and reprecipitating with methanol. Optical rotation, elemental analysis, spectra of 1H, 13 C NMR and IR showed that our copolymer was an optically active, isotatic, alternating poly(1,4 ketone) structure. The copolymerization was carried out at 45 ℃ for 20 h. Molecular weight: n=1.1× 10 4 versus polystyrene, w/ n=1.84. Molar optical rotation: 20 589 =+43°(CH 3COOC 2H 5, 5.0 mg/mL). The productivity of the copolymer of ω undecylenic acid with carbon monoxide was 40.6 g copolymer/(g Pd·h).


LiCoO2 (LCO) with a high theoretical capacity of 274 mAh g–1 can rarely achieve a high practical capacity even at an upper cutoff voltage of 4.6 V due to severe structural instability and interface side reactions. Herein, an in situ strategy of gas–solid modifications during synthesis is proposed to improve the performance of LCO using sulfocompound‐contained expanded graphite (EG) as templates. In situ generated SO2 gas from EG enables the Co‐coating of coherent spinel LixCo2O4 and Li2SO4 and the trace doping of high‐valence S mainly in the near‐surface regions via its reactions with the precursors. The modified LCO possesses excellent structural reversibility, interfacial stability, slight dissolution of Co2+, high diffusion coefficients of Li+, and low O 2p band top. This endows LCO with remarkably improved high‐voltage performance, 222 and 143 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 and 20 C, respectively, and 88% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 1 C for LCO/Li half cells between 2.8 and 4.6 V, and 202 mAh g–1 at 1 C and 87% capacity retention over 1000 cycles between 2.8 and 4.5 V for LCO/graphite full cells. This study provides a unique, simple, and upscalable strategy for performance improvement of electrode materials.


Leptin and its long form receptor, Ob‐Rb, in the hypothalamus play a key function in regulating food intake and body weight. We demonstrate here that apolipoprotein D (Apo D), a lipocalin that is heavily expressed in brain, interacts specifically with the cytoplasmic portion of Ob‐Rb but not the short form receptor, Ob‐Ra. This finding is detected in yeast two‐hybrid systems as well as in protein precipitation experiments in vitro and in vivo. Apo D and Ob‐Rb are coexpressed in neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate and paraventricular nuclei that are known to be involved in eating and body weight regulation. Moreover, hypothalamic level of Apo D mRNA is stimulated by dietary fat. It is also significantly elevated in rats and inbred mice that become obese on a high‐ fat diet, compared with their lean controls, and is strongly, positively correlated with body fat mass and circulating leptin levels. This positive association with body fat, however, is lost in obese ob‐/ob‐ and db‐/db‐ mice, which exhibit markedly reduced levels of hypothalamic Apo D mRNA compared with that of wild‐type mice. These results suggest that Apo D in the hypothalamus is involved in the leptin/Ob‐Rb signal transduction pathway that controls body fat accumulation on a high‐fat diet.


This paper presents a broad review of progress in design research in recent years, before making suggestions for some key research challenges that must be resolved if the grand societal challenges of the early 21st century are to be overcome. The review builds from the foundations in systematic and methodological approaches to design developed in the later decades of the 20th century through to recent research presented especially in the International Conference in Engineering Design (ICED) series of conferences. The consolidated research themes of the ICED conferences are presented together with an exploration of topics of particular focus in recent research before describing developments in research methodology and in design theory which form a foundation for current research in the subject. It is proposed that the present status is that a consolidated view of design can be formed based on accumulated recent research results. A suggested curriculum for design based on these is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of key current research challenges, including the need for better sharing of design knowledge and exploitation of design data, the need for better computer-aided design tools and the need for a theoretical foundation for design of complex systems.


Objective To investigate the effects of different levels of vitamin A deficiency(VAD) on the growth and development of female rats and their embryos.Methods Weaning female SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,VA deficient group(AD),VA marginally deficient group(AM),VA normal group(AN).3 groups were fed different levels of VA.After being fed 50 days for depleting the VA store in body,the female rats copulated with male rats.All the copulated rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:VA deficient group(A),VA supplement group(B),VA marginally deficient group(C),VA marginally deficient supplement group(D).Both the B and D groups were fed VA-supplement diet at embryonic day 0(E0).All the rats were sacrificed at E19.5.Results The growth and development of AD group was seriously retarded and some of them could not reproduce normally while the group AM was normal.All the embryos in group A were resorbted.The embryos with smaller size,malformation,early death were significant higher in group C compared with AN and supplement groups(B,D).Conclusion Serious VAD can inhibit the growth and development of female rats and prevent their maturity and reproduction,and its malformation and lethality of embryo were notable.The supplement of VA can decrease the malformation and lethality of embryos during pregnancy.


In this paper,the analyses on the processes of compression and expansion in the Stirling cycle have been developed with varying mass thermodynamics.Based on the isothermal model in which the flow loss of the working fluid is considered,the dynamic characters regulation such as the pressure of the inner of the split-type Stirling engine were simulated.The results of the simulation demonstrate the major difficulties of the working fluid's pressure between the compression and expansion space of the Stirling engine.It is important to improve the power output of the practical Stirling engine with the increasing of the rotational speed of the engine,the temperature of the high temperature source.


Objective:Patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) often underestimate their preinjury symptoms. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying this recall bias and its contribution to MTBI outcome. Setting:Level I trauma center. Participants:Patients with uncomplicated MTBI (N = 88) and orthopedic injury (N = 67). Design:Prospective longitudinal. Main Measures:Current and retrospective ratings on the British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory, completed at 6 weeks and 1 year postinjury. Results:Preinjury symptom reporting was comparable across groups, static across time, and associated with compensation-seeking. High preinjury symptom reporting was related to high postinjury symptom reporting in the orthopedic injury group but less so in the MTBI group, indicating a stronger positive recall bias in highly symptomatic MTBI patients. Low preinjury symptom reporting was not a risk factor for poor MTBI outcome. Conclusion:The recall bias was stronger and more likely clinically significant in MTBI patients with high postinjury symptoms. Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to recall bias after MTBI, including the reattribution of preexisting symptoms to MTBI as well as processes that are not specific to MTBI (eg, related to compensation-seeking).


The biopesticide avermectin was microencapsulated with chitosan(CTS) and sodium lignosulfonate(L-Na) by a complex coacervation method.The reaction conditions were primarily selected using orthogonal experimental design,and the microencapsulation conditions were further modified by varying the ratio of complex to avermectin,complex coacervation time,and the amount and exposure time of crosslinkers.The optimized microencapsulation conditions were as follows: viscosity of chitosan 1500?mPa\5s,w__(CTS)=0.5%,w__(L-Na)=2%,volume ratio of Tween80 and Span80 2,amount of emulsifiers 6?mL,mass ratio of core to shell 6,complex coacervation time 15?min,amount of crosslinker 4?mL,crosslinking time 1 h.The resulting microcapsules had a drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of 9.6% and 82%,respectively.There was no chemical interaction between avermectin and the chitosan/lignosulfonate complex.The release characteristics of avermectin from the microcapsules obtained under optimized microencapsulation conditions were investigated using in-vitro release experiments,which showed that the release rates of avermectin could be effectively controlled.


The fungal genus with the highest occurrence in Brazilian maize crops is Fusarium and the predominant specie is F. verticillioides , which can live in symptomatic or asymptomatic association. In this last one, it acts as an endophyte, a microorganism that live inside of host plant without causing any damage and being beneficial. This study analyzed the morphological behavior of a wild and a transfomant endophytic strain of F. verticillioides and compared the mycelial growth and conidial production before and after their inoculation in host plant. As result, it was observed a systemic colonization in leaves and roots. The conidial production of wild strain was larger before inoculation, while it was larger after inoculation of transformant strain. The colony diameter/wet weight of transformant strain before and after inoculation do not showed large differences, being slightly larger in reinoculated wild strain. This study indicated that a genetically manipulated endophyte can colonize efficiently the host tissues, serving as an alternative vector to introduce interesting genes. Also, the endogenous host environment could influence the morphological characteristics of specie-specific endophytes.


along with their allies who play a major role in the Nepali political sphere is analyzed by Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka. The attempt to understand the post-1990 democratic process of Nepal's democracy analyses that the 'people's movement of 1990' has been a crucial political event in which the far-reaching popular support for democracy was revealed. The role of ethnicity and ethnic organization in the period of democracy is a matter of great importance. The history and organizational structure of ethnic movements are traced and discussed from the view point of social science and their approach to election has been analyzed. Violence in the name of caste, religion, regional backwardness etc. still continues to haunt these post-colonial countries. And, in the second section, the social issues that still preoccupy the post-colonial countries of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are discussed. The dynamics of rural-urban discourse are debated along with patriarchy and domestic violence. Generally speaking, the book provides a structural and thematic approach to comprehend many aspects of South Asia's five major countries, and attempts to show how the social aspects of various nations are clubbed together, to show insight into major issues within a thematic framework.


1. A mouse that expresses a population of antigen-specific antibodies in response to immunization with antigen, all the antigen-specific antibody population of immunoglobulin light chains comprise a light chain variable region (V) of human derived from the same single gene segment Vcheloveka and heavy immunoglobulin chains contain a heavy chain variable region (V) of human derived from gene segment Vcheloveka selected from V1-2, V1-3, V1-8, V1-18, V1-24, V1-46, V1-58, V1- 69, V2-5, V2-26, V2-70, V3-7, V3-9, V3-11, V3-13, V3-15, V3-20, V3-21, V3-23, V3-30, V3-33, V3-43, V3- 48, V3-53, V3-64, V3-72, V3-73, V4-31, V4-34, V4-39, V4-59, V5-51, V6-1.2. A mouse according to claim. 1, in which the same single gene segment Vcheloveka represents Vκ1-39 cheloveka.3 gene segment. A mouse according to claim. 1, in which the same single gene segment Vcheloveka represents Vκ3-20 cheloveka.4 gene segment. A mouse according to claim. 1, in which all comprise an immunoglobulin light chain gene segment light chain J (J) cheloveka.5. A mouse according to claim. 4, in which the gene segment is selected from Jcheloveka gene segment Jκ1 and human Jκ5 gene segment cheloveka.6. A mouse according to claim. 1, the mouse does not contain a sequence selected from the gene segment Vimmunoglobulina mouse gene segment Jimmunoglobulina mouse and kombinatsii.7. A mouse according to claim. 1, which Vcheloveka region operably linked to a light chain constant region (C) of human immunoglobulin, mouse or krysy.8. A mouse according to claim. 1, in which the region Vcheloveka expressed from the endogenous light chain locus immunoglobulina.9. A mouse according to claim. 1, which Vcheloveka region operably linked to a heavy chain constant region (C) of human immunoglobulin, mouse or krysy.10. A mouse according to claim. 1, in which the region Vcheloveka expressed from the endogenous heavy chain locus immunoglobulina.11. A mouse that expresses a population of antigen-spe


Velocity and density statistics were studied experimentally for variable density mixing of a heavy fluid jet with lower density ambient fluid in a subsonic wind tunnel. Flows involving the mixing of one or more fluids with large density ratios are important in a wide range of physical problems including atmospheric and oceanic flows, industrial processes, and inertial confinement fusion. Velocity and density fields were measured simultaneously using 2D Particle Image Velocimetry and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence. Two different Atwood numbers were studied: 0.1 (Boussinesq limit) and 0.6 (non-Boussinesq case). The effect of buoyancy was found to be important for most of turbulent quantities measured. The high Atwood number jet with larger Reynolds number showed reduced lateral spreading compared to the low Atwood number jet of smaller Reynolds number. Some universal features of variable density mixing, independent of how mixing is initiated, were elucidated from PDFs of density and density gradients. The low Atwood number PDFs showed fast and uniform mixing. The PDFs of density for high Atwood numbers were skewed toward the higher densities, indicating a reduced rate of mixing of pure heavy fluid due to its inertia. The skewness in the density gradient PDFs at high Atwood reveals strong local compression events that can lead to enhanced mixing at molecular scales. Turbulent kinetic energy decreased with distance from the jet for low Atwood number but increased for high Atwood number due to buoyancy mediated flow acceleration and generated additional shear and, as a result, turbulence. The other statistical characteristics of the mixing important for modeling these flows such as Favre averaged Reynolds stress and its anisotropy, turbulent mass flux velocity, density-specific volume correlation, density power spectra were also examined in the near and far field from the jet and compared with previous direct numerical simulations. Additionally, a recently developed method for directly estimating Reynolds-averaged velocity statistics on a per-pixel basis has been extended to Favre-averaged quantities using simultaneous PIV and PLIF images, which should result in improved accuracy and spatial resolution compared to traditional post-processing of instantaneous velocity and density snapshots; if time permits initial validation and comparison of the results of this technique will also be presented.


In stable COPD, identify and analyze the factors determining six minutes walking distance and dyspnea the end of the test. Patients were evaluated by test of lung function. St Georeges respiratoiry questionnaire (SGRQ) and 6 MWT with inspiratory capacity measurements (IC) continuous oxymetry. Eigthty-two patients (mean FEV1: 56±19% predicted) were studied. Mean 6minutes walking distance was 477 ± 89m (72 ± 14PV). Walking distance during 6MWT(m) was correlated with FEV1, CI/TLC ratio, TLC, pré-test CI and DLCO/VA. When expressed as percent of predicted values, walking distance was correlated with FRC, pre-test IC and SGRQ activity score. End test dyspnea was correlated with FRC, pré-test dyspnea and SGRQ activity and total scores. The factors determining 6-minutes walking distance and end-test dyspnea are complex and include both functional and non functional factors. In COPD, 6MWT is thus an investigation that has additional integrative value.


The acrylic resins are the materials most frequently used for dentures realization, which allow to obtain resistant prosthetic constructions with a suitable aesthetic appearance. Depending on the polymerization mechanism, these resins are classified in self-curing, heat-curing or light-curing materials. In order to obtain a properly cured resin with a good mechanical strength, it is necessary to know the properties of the material, the correct dosage of the components and the strict observance of the curing regime. This article aims to evaluate the mechanical parameters of two main categories of resins frequently used in dental practice for removable dentures realization heat-curing and self-curing resins. For this purpose, the tensile strength and the fracture strength, the Young's modulus values, the surface roughness were analyzed comparatively. The results demonstrate that, after processing and finishing, both types of resins have similar structures and no significant differences regarding the mechanical behavior are registered.


Neutron inelastic scattering measurements have been performed in order to investigate the magnetic excitations in the quasi-1D Ising-like antiferromagnet TlCoCl$_3$. We observed the magnetic excitation, which corresponds to the spin-wave excitation continuum corresponding to the domain-wall pair excitation in the 1D Ising-like antiferromagnet. According to the Ishimura-Shiba theory, we analyzed the observed spin-wave excitation, and the exchange constant $2J$ and the anistropy $\epsilon$ were estimated as 14.7 meV and 0.14 in TlCoCl$_3$, respectively.


Objective To investigate the curative effect of nasal atomization Budesonide in treating nasal polyps. Methods The expression of RANTES and the number of eosinophils were measured before and after the atomization treatment of Budesonide compared with Dexamethasone treatment. The cilia of nasal polyp epithelium was evaluated using scanning electron microscope before and after the treatment with Budesonide. Results The expression level of RANTES and the number of eosinophils significantly decreased after the treatment of Budesonide(P0.05) with the same effect as that of Dexamethasone. The residual cilia were in a uniform order after the treatment of Budesonide. Conclusion Budesonide demonstrates antiinflammatory effects by down-regulating the expression of RANTES and the number of eosinophils. Function of cilia is partly recovered after the atomization treatment of Budesonide.


Conduction and assessment of design-oriented experiments are effective ways to improve the experiment teaching quality.With the conduction of design-oriented experiments,establishment of a reasonable evaluation system is very necessary to objectively and fairly evaluate the knowledge and experiment abilities of university students.This paper intends to establish an evaluation system for design-oriented experiments of bio-engineering experimental teaching in order to comprehensively assess the innovative abilities,practice abilities,teamwork and technical writing skills of students.


The understanding of flow over cylinder is crucial especially in aerodynamic study. The present of vortices due to flow separation at the stagnation point of cylinder is differing with the changes of Reynolds number. This study aims to investigate the flow characteristics over cylinder with different Reynolds numbers. Computational modelling is used in predicting the flow characteristic of flow over cylinder. Two different softwares has been used: Code::Blocks as compiler and commercial code as a basis of comparison. Three different Reynolds number imposed in this study are 20, 40 and 100 to compare the accuracy and speed of convergence. Validation has been made with the previous finding to benchmark the accuracy of the result. The parameters used in this study are velocity in x and y direction, Mach numbers, drag coefficient and pressure coefficient. A brief comparison between sequential and optimized configuration which includes multiple processors is also considered. Results show that the drag coeffici...


A52-year-old farmer presented with a 1-week history of fever, rigors and myalgia. Three days before admission he had developed pleuritic left-sided chest pain. Clinical examination revealed a temperature of 38.4°C and bibasal pulmonary crepitations. Chest radiograph showed an area of patchy pulmonary opacity at the left lung base and a few small areas of opacity in the right lung. A presumptive diagnosis of pneumonia was made. Blood cultures subsequently grew Staphylococcus aureus and treatment with intravenous flucloxacillin was commenced. No other focus of infection was found, investigations included normal transthoracic echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasound scan. The patient rapidly improved; however, 2weeks later he again became febrile. Further blood cultures grew Klebsiella pneumoniae. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a high density linear structure straddling the second part of the duodenum and the inferior vena cava, representing a foreign body (Figure 1). Clot could be seen in the v...


In this paper, we study a transmit beamforming technique for multiple input single output downlink single-user systems with three dimensional antennas where a transmit antenna gain is determined in three dimensional coordinates. In general, the transmit antenna gain is controlled by adjusting the boresight of antennas in directional antennas. To derive the optimal tilting angles for the directional antenna systems, we provide the probability density functions (PDF) of the three dimensional user distribution. Furthermore, based on the PDF, the analysis for the average rates of passive and active antenna systems is presented. Simulation results verify the accuracy of the performance analysis.


I.J Structure and Orientation of Surface Molecules.- II. Solubilization and Expression of Surface Components.- III. Modulation of Cell Surface Structure and Function.- IV. Biological Activities of Solubilized Cell Surface Components.- V Perspective of Cell Surface Structure and Function.- Conferees.


Our goal in this paper is to develop a global, long-term program for psychophysics. We outlinean approach to based on differential geometry and stochastic systems theory. This approachunifies both the temporal aspects of perception as well as the possibly complex multidimensionalspaces underlying a perceptual process. We then take a specific example of this approach,RTGRT, which is an extension of the static (geometric) General Recognition Theory modelto the (noisy) matching of perceptual information to stored memory and the resultant accrualof evidence over time. The static notions of perceptual and decisional interactions are givendynamic interpretations, and associated formalisms are presented.


Objective To study the mechanism of and causative factor of retinal ischemic injury as well as the protective effect of taurine(2-aminoethanesulfonic acid).Methods 108 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:normal matched control group,sham operated group,positive matched control group,alanine-supplemented group,taurinesupplemented group,and vitamin E group.Retinal ischemia model was developed by increasing eye pressure for 60 min,and reperfusing for 6 h.Retinas were taken.Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells(REC) and Ca~(2+) were assayed.Results Apoptosis of RGC occured in positive matched control group and taurine-supplemented group,but the apoptosis in taurine-supplemented group was significantly lessened,compared with the positive matched control group and alanine-supplemented group(P0.05).Ca~(2+) in taurine-supplemented group were reduced after reperfusion,compared with the positive matched group(P0.05).Conclusion Apoptosis of RGC is an important mechanism of retinal ischemia injury.Ca~(2+) is an important causative factor.Taurine has protective effect against the retinal ischemic injury.


This article examines shifting patterns in International Student Mobility (ISM), primarily the move from a South-North paradigm to a more multipolar structure. With emerging education hubs in South Korea, Malaysia, India, the Gulf States, and China challenging the West's centrality, the study advocates a more nuanced approach to ISM research. It underscores the necessity of a geographical turn towards non-traditional areas and promotes a multipolar epistemology that privileges non-Western knowledge creation. The article also encourages investigation of sociocultural dynamics related to ISM, and suggests exploring underrepresented perspectives such as ethnicity, ecology, and gender in the post-pandemic world.


BACKGROUND
Bullous retinal detachment may be difficult to handle with higher operative complications. Preoperative immobilization of the eyes might reduce subretinal fluid and facilitate surgical procedures. Factors influencing subretinal fluid absorption were analyzed.

METHODS
Twenty-eight eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with preoperative binocular patching and complete bed rest for at least 12 hours were enrolled. Ultrasonography was performed before and after immobilization to estimate the reduction in subretinal fluid.

RESULTS
The amount of reduction diverged in cases with an average of a 17.1% decrease in the maximal height of detachment. Retinal detachments in patients with smaller breaks and without vitreal traction or chronicity showed more significant reduction of subretinal fluid than did those patients with larger breaks and with vitreal traction or chronicity. On the other hand, break shape, height of retinal detachment, age, and gender had no obvious effect on subretinal fluid change.

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative immobilization of the eyes reduces the subretinal fluid in selected cases, which can decrease operative complications. Break size, vitreal traction, and chronicity are important factors affecting the absorption of subretinal fluid.


Seeds show incredible variation in their attributes, such as dormancy, longevity and, hence, quality. It is of eminent importance to study this variation across and within species and higher taxa in order to ensure successful agricultural production and preservation of biodiversity,
 not least in times of a changing climate.


: The scientific dream of our time is to achieve a unified theory of all fundamental inter-actions, something like the logic of being-entity. This project is called Ontology. And it has found the resistance of empiricism, both in the field of the dis-ciplines of nature as in the human disciplines. Thin-king about the human condition involves working in two complementary directions: an evolutionary di-rection, the trajectory of the animal kingdom to the kingdom of the spirit of enlightenment and an or-ganic direction, the relationship between humanity and nature. The first orientation corresponds to a philosophy of history. The second requires the over-coming of the modern dualisms: idealism-mate-rialism, nature-society and its reply is the theory of the imagination. Literary history has the resources to overcome empiricism and join the ontological project.


The aim of this study is to assess the mercury (Hg) exposure level of gold miners in Butana mining area, in Eastern, Sudan. To achieve this goal 40 biological samples such as hair and nails (20 for each) samples were obtained randomly from the gold miners in 10 sampling sites and analyzing using US EPA Method 7473. A direct mercury analyzer (DMA-80; Milestone Inc., Shelton, CT, USA) was adopted to determine the mercury levels. The average of mercury concentration levels in the hair samples of gold miners were 8.34 mg/kg, 5.14 mg/kg, 7.26 mg/kg, 4.40 mg/kg, 3.04 mg/kg, 4.81 mg/kg, 3.49 mg/ kg, 4.29 mg/kg, 3.26 mg/kg, 3.02 mg/kg respectively, while in nail samples were 7.18 mg/kg, 6.78 mg/kg, 7.02 mg/kg, 4.40 mg/kg, 4.39 mg/kg, 7.26 mg/kg, 6.95 mg/kg, 2.53 mg/kg, 3.82 mg/kg, 3.55 mg/kg respectively. The results indicated that the mercury levels in all samples exceeded the permissible limit set by Environmental protection agency, (USEPA) and World health organization, (WHO). The research indicates that the gold miners and local populations in the study area can have high exposure to mercury vapors because the miners burn the gold-mercury amalgam to vaporized the mercury and recover the gold. This mercury exposure has caused disease such as heart, respiratory, kidney, joints and skin problem, Cough, sore throat Shortness of breath, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Increase in blood pressure or heart rate.


Southeastern Anatolia provinces are consists of Gaziantep, Sanliurfa, Mardin, Kilis, Sirnak, Adiyaman, Siirt, Batman and Diyarbakir. Only among these provinces, foreign trade activities take place through the customs gates located in Gaziantep, Sanliurfa, Mardin, Kilis and Sirnak. Foreign trade activities among these provinces take place through the customs gates located in only Gaziantep, Sanliurfa, Mardin, Kilis and Sirnak. These activities are carried out with using in Gaziantep province 2 gates one of which is active, in sanliurfa province 3 gates one of which is active, in Mardin province 2 gates one of which is active, in Kilis province 2 gates one of which is active and in Sirnak province 2 gates one of which is active. Aim of this study, explain the customs gate on Turkey's southeastern anatolia provinces, the countries where the customs gates are connected, the current status of the customs gates it has, the types of transportation used in foreign trade activities, products subject to export and import and most importantly it is determine the changes occurring before and after the pandemic and its causes by comparing the export and import data that emerged in the first six months of 2019 and 2020. The result of the study showed that exports increased at other customs gates apart from the Gaziantep-Karkamis and Kilis-Cobanbey customs gates.


The scholars included in this special issue of ALH reveal not an ideology but a method—a method that depends upon the novel. Many of the scholars here suggest that by reading novels—and, in particular, by reading them well—we might extend the horizon of democratic possibility. The present essay agrees. Indeed, it suggests that novels extend the horizon of democratic possibility in three important ways: by enabling readers to think deeply about the relationship between incommensurate goods; by accounting for the role of emotion in shaping values; and by enabling readers to process and react to the inevitability of change. Ultimately, this essay suggests that novels have a role to play in fostering democratic values.As free people, we make choices about the individual and collective direction of our lives. And, in deciding, we need the examples and stories of others. We need, in other words, stories about lives lived meaningfully or unmeaningfully, with dignity or without it.


Technology for the microfabrication of freely moving parts began with a Bell Labs microgear spun by an air jet, and electrostatic silicon micro motors in the mid-1980s. It continued with development work on micropositioning of optics, miniature heat exchangers, small fluidic devices, and chemical reaction chambers. Recently, there has been a great deal of interest centered on the design and manufacture of devices of nanometer proportions and this speculation has spawned a new industry named, nanotechnology. Despite the technological and economic promise of this technology, current commercial micro/mesofabrication methods have largely been based upon two-dimensional processing principles which is not well suited to the low-cost mass production of three-dimensional micro devices with complex geometries and meso/nanoscale features. Diatoms are three dimensional (3D) microstructures from nature that provide a practical alternative for nanotechnology and microfabrication. Diatoms (Figure 1) are single-celled micro algae that form rigid cell walls (frustules) composed of amorphous silica. Their dimensions can range from less than 1 micron to several hundreds of microns. They are distributed throughout the world in aquatic, semi-aquatic and moist habitats, and extremely abundant in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Diatoms are thought to be responsible for up to 25% of the world's net primary production of organic carbon (by transforming of carbon dioxide and water into sugars by photosynthesis). Approximately 10{sup 5} unique diatom frustule shapes have been claimed to exist in nature. The frustules are composed of two valves that fit together like a petri-dish, connected to each other by one or more girdle bands. The frustule wall consists of a nanoporous assembly of silica nanoparticles. They absorb soluble silica from water even at extremely low concentrations and metabolize and deposit it as an external skeleton. Continued reproduction of a single parent diatom can yield large numbers of descendant diatoms, each of which possesses a frustule with the same microshape and meso/nano features. Each mitotic division results in the formation of two differently sized daughter cells, one that is the same size as the parent and one that is slightly smaller. Therefore, over successive generations the mean cell size of a population decreases and standard deviation about this mean increases. It is believed that when a cell decreases in size to a diameter of less than about 30 to 40% of the maximum diameter for a given species, sexual reproduction initiates. This enables an entirely new frustule to be generated that is many times larger than either parent. Importantly, these newly formed large cells rapidly resume asexual reproduction and are essentially ''immune'' to sexual reproduction until an appropriate small cell size is obtained.


The urgent worldwide shift of school education to online format resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic raised a number of problems of a technical, organizational, methodological, and psychological nature. These problems are surveyed by both the international community and national researchers. Equally important is the assessment of the consequences of education in a remote format for the quality of education and equal access to education. The article considers how the transition to remote education will affect the equity of access to quality education, differentiation of students' educational results on a territorial and socio-economic basis. Analysis and evaluation were carried out using data collected before the mass transition to online learning: the results of the international survey of the quality of education PISA, surveys of the Federal State Statistics Service, and regular educational statistics. Differentiation of learning conditions, interregional variation, and differences in the ability of households to use ICT to participate in online learning are examined. Preliminary assessments of the impact of the transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on strengthening differentiation of access to quality education and learning outcomes are made.


An overview is given on hydraulic anti-lock systems with direrent pedal characteristics, power supply concepts, and physical configurations suitable for 'add-on' installation or functional integration. The integrated Teves anti-skid system is presented with special attention to a three-circuit configuration including 'dynamic' brake circuits. Different safety levels of electronic concepts compared to the advanced Teves approach, and the application of microprocessors are discussed.


Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world.
The recrudescence of dysplastic lesions is increasing, especially in developing
countries, because of the absence of screening. The objective of this work is
to determine the prevalence of dysplastic lesions of the cervix in women who
are sexually active in South Kivu province. Methods: It was a
cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study of 625 women who came for
gynecological consultation, all of whom had cervical-uterine Pap smears, during
the period from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 at Panzi General
Referral Hospital (South Kivu, DR Congo). Data analysis was done using Epi Info
software version 7. Results: The median age of the respondents was 34
years, 47.0% of them were married, and 59.0% had a low socio-economic level.
The majority had first sexual intercourse between the ages of 15 and 20
(67.5%), a number of former sexual partners estimated at 1 - 5 (87.8%), did not
use tobacco (97.4%) and did not use contraception (78.1%). Pap smear was normal
in 82.88% of cases, inflammatory in 2.4% of cases and with cytologic
abnormalities in 14.72% of cases. Rates of dysplastic lesions were
significantly higher among women aged ≥35 years (p = 0.0245), brides (p =
0.0183) and nulliparas (p = 0.0042). Multivariate analysis revealed the
adjusted OR (95% CI) statistically insignificant (p Conclusion: Cervical
cancer remains a real scourge in the world, especially in sub-Saharan Africa,
where the diagnosis is often made when the pathology is at its stage almost
incurable. Early detection of dysplastic lesions by Pap smear is therefore
imperative in the eradication of this pathology.


This empirical study investigates whether the Dhaka Stock Exchange market in Bangladesh is weakly efficient by modifying and estimating Dockery and Kavussanos' multivariate model using a set of panel data. Consistent with a priori expectation, and previous research results, the findings suggest that the Dhaka Stock Market is not informationally efficient. The results also indicate that when the number of stocks included in the sample exceeds 3, the null hypothesis of the efficient market hypothesis is rejected throughout. A well developed market economy is a necessary condition for an efficient equity market. Thus, to build an efficient stock market, Bangladeshi authority should first concentrate its effort on developing its market infrastructure.


The radiochemical synthesis of N-[11C-methyl]-L-DOPA was accomplished by N-methylation of the methyl and ethyl esters of L-N-tert-butyl-oxycarbonyl-[β-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)] alaninate with [11C]iodomethane using sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran and deprotection of the N-methyl intermediate with hydriodic acid. A catalytic influence of Kryptofix on the methylation reaction was observed. Using the ethyl ester precursor, the average specific activity at the end-of-synthesis was 972 mCi/μmole. The synthesis was completed in an average of 45 minutes following the end-of-bombardment.


This paper describes a standardization and migration methodology whereby system owners, service operators, and system maintainers can schedule and systematically upgrade key subsystems and components to facilitate system standardization and service interoperability with other similar or complementary systems and services. This methodology identifies a process to formulate standardization and interoperability goals and objectives, to identify candidate subsystems and components to define the applicable standards to be employed (including architecture), to implement a configuration management program, to develop an upgraded system configuration, and to develop a migration plan of action that considers a number of implementation factors (i.e., migration schedule, implementation cost estimates configuration management, and potential funding sources). This "standardization migration plan" provides an implementation road map to transform non-standard systems into open, cost-effective interoperable ITS architecture-conforming systems, and to potentially prolong the useful operational life of non-conforming intelligent transportation systems


Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and the changes of blocking antibody,T lymphocyte subpopulations,intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokines and NK cell percentage of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion women.Methods:25 women were received treatment with immunoglobulin at a dose of 10 g within 2 weeks for 4 times before pregnancy.Once conception was achieved,immunoglobulin treatment was continued on 3 monthly basis at same dose within 3 weeks through 26~30 weeks of gestation.Flow cytometry was used to measure T lymphocyte subpopulations and intracellular Th1/Th2 cytokines and NK cell percentage of all women participants with RSA.Results:Of 25 women continued immunoglobulin treatment through 26~30 weeks of gestation,there are 19 CDC positive after immunotherapy,21(84%)had a successful term pregnancy.We have also observed immunized women with RSA showed significantly increased percentage of CD4+ cells,CD4+/CD8+ ratio,intracellular IL-10,and significantly decreased percentage of CD8+ cells,intracellular IFN-γ and NK cell percentage as compared to before immunotherapy.Conclusion:The treatment of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion women with intravenous immunoglobulin is effective and useful for pregnancy development.


The article believes that the moral essence of the WTO is economic globalization and the unite and harmony of all countries's benefit.Many rules of WTO include the idea that human being's desire should be fulfilled, the idea that international trade should be free , the idea that international trade should be equal,the idea of contract and faith. The moral principle of WTO should be advance in time.


This chapter discusses (1) the general discipline of the History of Religions; then, in line with the focus of the volume as a whole, (2) it moves to developments in the study of the History of Ancient Israel; finally, (3) it gives a short overview of the History of Ancient Israelite Religion. The History of Religions movement is traced through the 19th and 20th centuries, especially as it influenced study on the History of Ancient Israelite Religion. The changing methods and results of the History of Israelite Religion in different periods of study are noted, culminating in the general approach of the present generation. Some of the main writers, works, and influences are mentioned and their contributions (whether positive or negative) are briefly summarized. The contribution of the social sciences is brought in.


The paper aims to further explore the current situation of Chinese investment in overseas clean energy and analyze the development of the power industry in the field of clean energy. The paper elaborates the present development status of clean energy based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and investment efficiency theories, analyzing the potential risks taken by China's electric power industry from the investment in overseas clean energy and calculating the power enterprises' investment efficiency. The results reveal that China's overseas investment in clean energy has developed rapidly. However, from 2016 to 2017, due to the accelerated investment in clean energy, the comprehensive investment efficiency of clean energy has dropped significantly, to 79.1% and 78.7%, respectively. Subsequently, the comprehensive investment efficiency increased significantly, reaching 80.4% in 2019. Between 2015 and 2019, effective investment in clean energy has reached the highest, 32% in 2015, while there are more ineffective investments in 2016. After 2017, the proportion of power enterprises' investment in clean energy has increased significantly, accounting for 32% in 2019. In future development, the proportion of investment in this field will continue to rise. Hence, clean energy boasts good development prospects.


Lappeenranta University of Technology Department of Information Technology Fatemeh Ahmadi Zeleti THE PROGRESS AND OBSTACLES OF IMPLEMENTING AND IMPROVING E-GOVERNMENT IN ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Master's Thesis 2010 89 pages, 4 figures, 15 tables Examiners: Professor, Ph.D. Kari Smolander Supervisor: Associate Professor D.Sc (Tech.) Erja Mustonen-Ollila


The goal of this study was to develop a highly valuable Korean traditional ginseng wine containing various bioactive compounds with good acceptability. The effect of some medicinal plants on the quality and physiological functionality of Korean traditional ginseng wine were investigated. Advanced traditional ginseng wine (AG wine) prepared by addition of 0.5% each Pleuropterus multflorus and Pueraria lobata into the rice mash containing 1% ginseng, 0.4% Fermivin(commercial alcohol fermentation yeast) and Koji (2:1 mixture of nuruk and amylase containing 36 Saccharogenic power per g) showed the highest acceptability and ethanol content (16.8%). Changes of functionalities of the AG wine during fermentation at 25oC for 30 days were investigated. The highest antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity (78.9%) and total acceptability of the AG wine were shown after fermentation at 25oC for 20 days. However, antioxidant activity, SOD-like activity and fibrinolytic activity of the AG wines were not detected or very low. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity of the AG wine was also shown to be 8.2% and 9.2% after fermentation for 15 days and 20 days, respectively.


The transition metal catalysed epoxidation of methyl oleate 1 by hydrogen peroxide was investigated using Ru(acac)3/dipicolinic acid as catalyst. Under optimised reaction conditions, the epoxidised methyl oleate 2 was obtained with a quantitative yield in short reaction time and under mild reaction conditions.

Practical applications: Epoxidised fatty acids and their derivatives are produced by the Prilezhaev reaction and used in various applications in the chemical industry. Due to the known drawbacks of epoxidation with peroxy acids, such as hazardous handling of peracids in large quantities or the decrease of epoxide selectivity due to the formation of undesired by-products in the acidic medium, the epoxidation of fatty acid derivatives using more convenient oxidants is still a subject of research interest. Herein, we present a simple procedure for the transition metal catalysed epoxidation of methyl oleate 1 by hydrogen peroxide in quantitative yields, and under mild reaction conditions, as a potential alternative for the production of epoxidised fatty acid derivatives.


The assistant decision system for power grid planning was developed based on modern computer technology,which effectively improved the working efficiency and ensured the scientific nature of the power grid planning decision.Through realizing the interface between the system and the real-time load,the power grid development could be mutually verified with the power grid planning and could be kept synchronization and coordination with the power grid planning.


Ganglion cell death causes loss of vision in glaucoma by increasing the intraocular pressure due to loss of neuroprotective strategy. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which a person has a high blood sugar level as a result of the body either not producing enough insulin or insulin resistance to body cells ( NIDDM ). Drug Designing, one of the hottest topics have found its new pathway to create a history in the field of medical science. The lead compound analysis starts with CADD, assisting to identify and optimise the right compound. In the following study, molecular modelling method has been used for modelling a new molecule for Glaucoma and NIDDM using Metipranolol, a drug that's already designed. Its R group is modified by replacing different functional groups like OH, Br, CH2CH3, CH3, Cl, F, H and NH2 and docked with specific protein with help of softwares. The molecules designed as such are optimised using different algorithms. Their affinity and binding free energy checked with protein. The molecule with minimum binding energy will have the maximum binding affinity. From the results obtained it's clear that ligand 3 and 6 ( -6.85 & -6.79 ) have the maximum binding affinity. So these molecules are determined as the best lead molecules targeting computationally.


The process of globalization and liberalization is further accelerated by the growing expansion of multinational companies in post-communist transition countries. Transition countries improve their technological development, increase the exports and gain better access to global markets. On other hand, global companies maximize their profits by employing cheaper resources, paying lower taxes and using a number of benefits that the transition countries offer to them. The main purpose of the paper is to make an analysis of these global economic movements including Macedonian case.


Seeking sensitive user data in the form of online banking user-id and passwords or credit card information, which may then be used by 'phishers' for their own personal gain is the primary objective of the phishing. With the increase in the online trading activities, there has been a phenomenal increase in the phishing scams which have now started achieving monstrous proportions. This paper gives strategies for distinguishing phishing sites by dissecting different components of phishing URLs by Machine learning systems. It talks about the systems utilized for identification of phishing sites in view of lexical features. We consider different data mining approaches for assessment of the features to show signs of improvement comprehension of the structure of URLs that spread phishing. We use KNN, Regression and SVM classifiers.


ABSTRACT This study evaluated lairage time effects on carcass and meat quality traits of Hereford steers. Thirty Hereford steers fed on pasture were assigned to two treatments according to lairage time: 3 h (n = 15) and 12 h (n = 15). Individual temperament was assessed using crush score and flight speed. pH decline, glycogen content, meat color, and shear force were measured. pH was not different between treatments at any time point, showing a normal decline rate. Meat color [...]


a b s t r a c t ThispaperstudiesaGeo=G=1=1queueingsystemunderan.m;N/-policy,i.e.,theservice station operates under anN-policy with an early setup where the startup period begins whenm. N/customersaccumulateinthesystem.Moreover,itisassumedthatthei-th


We study the phase behavior of self-assembling grafted comblike copolymers with strongly attractive side chains. An off-lattice, microscopic integral equation theory is applied to investigate intermolecular correlations, collective scattering intensities, and thermally induced macro- and microphase separation transitions in the systems of different comb models having various architectures and chain stiffness. The properties of these models are analyzed as a function of molecular density, the number of side chains, the length of the side chains and backbone. Detailed calculations reveal the main factors that control micro- versus macrophase separation and thereby yield guideline for controlling the phase behavior of comblike copolymer systems in solutions and in melts.


Article provides guidance on how to implement an introductory course at university during one semester for future cybersecurity analysts, built on the basis of the Cisco Certified CyberOps course. The article presents the implementation of the course Management of cybersecurity incidents in the virtual laboratory in GNS3. Topologies in virtual laboratories are actual in today's covid-19 pandemic times, because many universities are forced to use live online or hybrid teaching.


A new composite based on natural rubber vulcanizates loaded with the newly prepared iron oxide- aluminum oxide (Fe2O3Al2O3) fillers were prepared and their physical and magnetic studies were investigated. The prepared fillers were evaluated as reinforcing fillers with some magnetic properties; these properties were dependent on the ratio of iron oxide to aluminum oxide in each pre- pared ratio of these fillers. Rheological properties of rubber mixes containing (1Fe2O3:3Al2O3) and (1Fe2O3:1Al2O3) fill- ers exhibited better properties than mixes containing (3Fe2O3:1Al2O3) and (-Fe2O3), which showed almost the same behavior. Physical properties such as tensile strength, stress at 100 and 200% strain, Young's modulus, and hard- ness were increased by increasing the volume fraction of the investigated fillers concentration in the mixed vulcanizates. Measured rheological and physical results were inversely related to the magnetic properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals,


Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are a new class of active materials. A new Nafion-based IPMC was prepared by penetration-reduction process and chemical plating process and characterized with its morphology; the sectional element distribution and silver growth mode were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), respectively. For Ag-Naflon based IPMC, SEM images revealed that Ag particles is deposited uniformly on the surface of Nafion membrane, the analysis of EDS showed that Ag particles penetrated inside Nafion membrane with gradient distribution throughout the membrane and grew as dendritic structure. IPMC with two times chemical deposition produces a larger electro-deformation when applying 1.25V voltage across the membrane and the maximum electro-deformation angle could reach to 46deg. For Ni-Ag/Nafion based IPMC, SEM images revealed that Ni particles distribution is uniform and compact on the surface of Nafion membrane, while Ni particles were plated on the outwards to form a thicker nickel layer. The IPMC surface resistance with the nickel layer outside is abruptly decreased, while the stiffness and Young modulus of the IPMC increased, it could meet with the stress requirement at the same displacement in its application.


The results indicate that the usually accepted methods of sampling mangel roots by means of horizontal cores in a north-south direction through the largest diameter of the root or one-third way down from the crown, are subject to greater inaccuracies than similar cores taken twothirds to three-quarters way down, which gave consistently samples of satisfactory accuracy. Our best thanks are due to members of the College StafE for helpful criticism of all stages of the work, also to the Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agriculture for a detailed description of technique and apparatus in use for their work on dry matter in root crops.


Earth observation satellite task scheduling research plays a key role in space-based remote sensing services. An effective task scheduling strategy can maximize the utilization of satellite resources and obtain larger objective observation profits. In this paper, inspired by the success of deep reinforcement learning in optimization domains, the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is adopted to solve a time-continuous satellite task scheduling problem. Moreover, an improved graph-based minimum clique partition algorithm is proposed for preprocessing in the task clustering phase by considering the maximum task priority and the minimum observation slewing angle under constraint conditions. Experimental simulation results demonstrate that the deep reinforcement learning-based task scheduling method is feasible and performs much better than traditional metaheuristic optimization algorithms, especially in large-scale problems.


Negative trends of indices of the incidence in children and teenagers in the Russian Federation are caused by essential changes in the system of training and medical care of school students. In cases of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) when the gene defect is remains to be unascertained, there is a great role of environmental factors contributing to the implementation of pathology and hygienic measures of the prevention of complications. There was performed the hygienic assessment of sanitary-epidemiologic welfare (SEW) of the educational institutions (EI) of the city of Omsk (n = 76), including the study of environmental factors, health and performance of adolescents. For the correction priority factors for SEW were "medical care", "mode and organization of the educational-training process", "conditions and organization of nutrition", "conditions and organization of physical education." There are determined the most important for the occurrence of CTD indices lifestyle factors and "indicators" of the risk for the progression of pathological processes in adolescents.


The researches have shown increased plant density and nitrogen fertilizer may be an important component of integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various plant densities and nitrogen fertilizer on spring wheat and wild oat competitiveness. The treatment were consisted of three levels of nitrogen (100, 150 and 190 kgNha -1 ) and four crop sowing densities (400, 500, 600 and 700 plant m-2) of spring wheat. The experimental design was factorial with three replications. Increased nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N/ha caused an increase in wheat grain yield in weedy plots. Nitrogen fertilization increased wild oat and spring wheat biomass. Increased plant densities caused significantly reducing spring wheat yield loss, wild biomass and seed production. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on weed suppression were influenced by plant density. The result indicate that increased plant density and nitrogen fertilizer can improve spring wheat competitiveness and reduce grain yield loss, wild oat seed production and biomass. * Corresponding Author: Abdol Karim Banisaeidi  firstname.lastname@example.com


Well network simulation and optimization is an established technology within BP for production optimization. However, for simplicity, the processing facilities are usually only considered as fixed oil, gas and water flow rate constraints. Actual production limits vary as a function of operating conditions and/or cannot be measured directly (e.g. True Vapour Pressure (TVP) or gas velocity at the inlet separator nozzles). To improve on existing workflows, BP has expanded its existing petroleum engineering-focused toolkit and is now globally deploying an end-to-end production system digital twin that extends from the well choke to the facility export for system surveillance and optimization.
 The end-to-end production system digital twin is a cloud-based system that links sensor data from the asset historian with an equipment data model and third-party first principle steady state simulation tools for an accurate representation of the well network and processing facilities. It supports multi-discipline collaboration, particularly between Petroleum Engineers and Process Engineers, and is remotely accessible by a globally dispersed team.
 This integrated digital twin can be used in two modes: monitoring and what-if. In monitoring mode, the models are automatically updated hourly with real time data and key simulation results extracted and stored. These monitoring simulations generate virtual sensor output, providing insights that cannot be measured by real sensors. In what-if mode, engineers test scenarios risk-free to explore optimization opportunities. As well as routine optimizations to align with production forecast updates, this can also include scenarios during planned abnormal operations (e.g. facility equipment offline for maintenance or well flowback).
 An early pilot in a key production region delivered significant production upside and was foundational for the subsequent global roll-out program. This paper will illustrate two practical applications from early deployment activities: (1) condensate recovery optimization (2) well routing optimization / feasibility against variable processing facility limits.


In this work we argue that a modeling method is based on some assumptions about reality, and that such assumptions should be brought to the foreground in order to apply the method correctly. A simulation language, being in fact a component of a modeling method, depends as well on the theory of reality involved. We propose a new modeling method inspired by Whitehead's theory of reality. The formalization of this method is done using the typed $\lambda$-calculus resulting in a language suitable both for simulation and mathematical treatment.
Based on Whitehead's theory, we derive the notions of our modeling method. One of the main results consists of fully defined notions for entity and activity (in many simulation languages these concepts are defined only superficially). By identifying entities with the elements of a type, we formalize our notions using the typed $\lambda$-calculus. We are then in a position to use the tools of type theory and logic to describe and analyze activity systems. Type introduction rules are used to describe how an entity is created in an activity while type elimination rules are used to define functions on activities. A new entity is created as a synthesis of the data provided by existing entities. By assuming that a measurable amount of time is required to create a new entity, and by specifying this delay as part of an activity, it is possible to simulate the behavior of an activity system.
Based on this world-view, we construct the $\lambda\sigma$ simulation language. $\lambda\sigma$ models are clear and precise descriptions of real-world systems which can be efficiently computer simulated, and analyzed with the tools of the typed $\lambda$-calculus and logic.


Single cell solid oxide regenerative fuel cells (SORFCs) have been demonstrated for over 1000 hours of operation at degradation rates as low as 0.5% per thousand hours for current densities as high as 300mA/cm{sup 2}. Efficiency levels (fuel cell power out vs. electrolysis power in) have been demonstrated in excess of 80% at 100mA/cm{sup 2}. All testing has been performed with metallic based interconnects and non-noble metal electrodes in order to limit fabrication costs for commercial considerations. The SORFC cell technology will be scaled up to a 1kW sized stack which will be demonstrated in Year 2 of the program. A self contained SORFC system requires efficient thermal management in order to maintain operating temperatures during exothermic and endothermic operational modes. The use of LiF as a phase change material (PCM) was selected as the optimum thermal storage medium by virtue of its superior thermal energy density by volume. Thermal storage experiments were performed using LiF and a simulated SORFC stack. The thermal storage concept was deemed to be technically viable for larger well insulated systems, although it would not enable a high efficiency thermally self-sufficient SORFC system at the 1 kW level.


This thesis introduced a kind of automatic oil ejector of automatic assembly line for automobile seat track.realized the fuction of precisely auto-oiling of varieties of automobile seat track by the modular design of jig,precise quantitative valve control oil injection and the way of PLC plus servo motor control the location of oiling.The actual use show that the system can meet the requirements of production process of automobile seat track.enables precise oil ejecting,high degree of automation and reliability,so the machine can be used widely.


Abstract Throughout the United States there are millions of Black and Brown students starting the process of attending college. However, research indicates that students from traditionally marginalized groups are less likely than their counterparts to complete the process and graduate college (Shapiro et al., 2017). While retention rates for students from traditionally marginalized backgrounds continue to decline, universities are beginning to pay attention to the needs of this population in search of ways of better supporting them. The examination of these factors may also inform programmatic adjustments, leadership philosophies, and future practices to help retain students and lead to eventual completion of a baccalaureate degree. In this article, the authors review the literature to explore factors that can affect Black and Brown students' completion rates in higher education. By reviewing the literature and the factors impacting Black and Brown students, the authors share with readers initiatives at one university that are being used to support students from a strengths-based approach.


includes variable vehicle roof with a soft top that is adjustable between a closed position and a storage position and one of a top rod (3) carried by the top covering material (2), with a built-in the rear part of the canvas top glass pane (8) characterized, at least one further glass pane (9, 10) is integrated in the soft top, which viewed in the vehicle longitudinal direction is located in front of the rear window (8), wherein the top linkage (3) comprises on the vehicle body (11) is articulated hinged main hoop (4) and a hinged corner hoop (6), wherein the main hoop (4) in the closed vehicle roof (1) in the vehicle longitudinal direction (F) seen in the a corner hoop (6) and the rear glass panel (8) and the immediately preceding that of glass (9) in the storage position the corner hoop between (6) and the main hoop (4) are stored, wherein the two glass sheets (8, 9) through the flexible top cover material (2) are connected together and that portion of the connecting hood covering material (2) is folded in storage position into a fold, and that in the closed position between two adjacent glass sheets (8, 9) of the is arranged extending in the transverse direction corner bows (6) of the top linkage (3) having no fixed connection to the convertible top fabric and is adjusted at the transfer from the closed in storage position relative to one of two glass panes, such that in the storage position between that corner bows (6) and the main hoop (4) of the folding-top linkage adjacent two glass sheets (8, 9) lie directly on one another.


Recent advance of DNA microarray technologies has made it possible to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, under different conditions. Elucidating patterns from the expression profile would provide us great insight into gene function and regulatory systems. For the purpose, several groups have developed the methods for clustering genes on the microarray. Here. clustering means partitioning the genes on a microarray into distinctive sets of genes that show similar expression patterns across the conditions. Hierarchical clustering [1], self-organizing mapping [2], and other clustering methods [3] have been applied to the expression profile data. Clustering genes with expression profiles can be utilized for the function prediction of gene products whose functions are unknown, and the identification of sets of genes whose expressions are regulated by the same mechanism. The important information underlying the expression profile data is the regulatory networks among genes. The expression level of a gene is regulated directly or indirectly by other genes. Here, we call the networks among genes the 'genetic networks'. Inference of genetic networks from the expression profile would be valuable for the functional genomics. Modelings with the Boolean network [4], differential equations [5, 6], and the combination of the methods [7] have been investigated for the inference of the genetic networks. Graphical Gaussian modeling [8, 9] is a statistical method to infer and/or test a model for relationships among a plural of elements through representation of the model as a graph, when the elements are expressed as continuous variables. The central idea for the method is conditional independence, which tells us that partial correlation coefficient is appropriate to infer the relationships among elements rather than correlation coefficient. The method and the idea seemed to be applicable to the inference of the genetic networks from the expression profile data, because of the similarity in structure of inferred model. In this paper, we describe inference of the genetic networks from expression profiles by the graphical Gaussian modeling. This is the first report of the application of graphical modeling to the expression profile. We discuss how the method works to infer the genetic networks.


Integrated procedures of analysis have been presented combining both reliability and economical aspects of operation of a water supply system (WSS). The method presented is a practical application of the reliability analysis and life-cycle costing which is a part of a decision support system (DSS) for WSS. It focuses on undisturbed operation of systems with exceeded redundant capacity minding system's reliable and lower possible operational costs. The proposed analytical approach is shown on the example of the surface water intake which is the first subsystem of WSS influencing operation of a whole system. As a part of the study, reliability and economic assessments of various variants of future operation of water intake have been carried out as a basis for choosing most advantageous solution. The authors indicate how exceeded redundant capacity affects applied maintenance method of the system. All calculations of the reliability indicators are based on operating data contained in exploitation logs (2001–2012). The costs have been estimated based on the obtained financial documentation.


This research looks into problematique of collusive corruption between the state and timber mafia (groups of different actors involved in illegal logging). The corruption in forestry has been understood as an institutional problem and resolution has been proposed through regulatory measures. In Pakistan's context the state has intervened through different policy and regulatory measures, albeit, illegal logging continues. The state and timber mafia are seen as two separate entities that compete or collude with each other for personal benefits.
By taking Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project as a case in point, this study explains that corruption in forestry sector in Pakistan exists as complex social networks of different state and non-state actors. These actors have dynamic and fluid identities, thus the binary between 'public' and 'private' is blurred. The social networks are driven by not just economic interests but also 'logics of sociality'; payments and favours based on cultural, familial and social norms. Local power relations and politics play an important role in these networks for resource capturing. Furthermore, I show how the power relations result in inclusion of some sections of society in conservation practices, while marginalizing others.


Abstract This paper deals with the problem of structural modifications. Required are the modifications needed in order to reallocate eigenvalues and specify eigenvectors. A theory is developed to show how the necessary mass and stiffness modifications can be computed using modal test results only, even when only a partial set of eigensolutions is available from such tests. The applied modifications are constrained in a way to force the selected number of eigensolutions to reside in the known subspace spanned by the original modal vectors, thus circumventing the problem arising from the truncation of the modal set. The paper includes a wide range of examples demonstrating the theory. These range from simple tutorial cases to more realistic ones involving continuous elements.


We study the linking numbers in a rational homology 3-sphere and in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot. They take values in Q and in Q(Z[t,t -1 ]), respectively, where Q(Z[t,t -1 ]) denotes the quotient field of Z[t, t -1 ]. It is known that the modulo-Z linking number in the rational homology 3-sphere is determined by the linking matrix of the framed link and that the modulo-Z[t,t -1 ] linking number in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot is determined by the Seifert matrix of the knot. We eliminate 'modulo Z' and 'modulo Z[t,t -1 ]'. When the finite cyclic cover of the 3-sphere branched over a knot is a rational homology 3-sphere, the linking number of a pair in the preimage of a link in the 3-sphere is determined by the Goeritz/Seifert matrix of the knot.


Inflammation has an important role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Artesunate (ART) has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, and it is used for various types of serious malaria, including cerebral malaria. ART maintains a high concentration in the brain but little is known about the neuroprotective effect of ART against brain I/R injury. We studied the neuroprotection of ART against brain I/R injury and its underlying mechanism. In this study, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours. After 24 hours of reperfusion, neurological deficits, cerebrum water content, infarct volume, HE-staining, MPO activity, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured. Administration of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg ART i.p. 10 min after MCAO significantly decreased brain water content and improved neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner. A 80 mg/kg dosage was optimal. ART significantly reduced infarct volume, suppressed MPO activity and diminished the expressions of TLR-4, MyD88, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the area of the ischemic cortex. The neuroprotective action of ART against focal cerebral I/R injury might be due to the attenuation of inflammation through the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway.


An experiment to measure the speed of gravity is being developed. To achieve this, a tidal gravitational signal generating device is intended to be made with a signal frequency of 3200 Hz. The gravitational wave detector Mario Schenberg, developed in Brazil, is the first option as the detector of this signal. Initially the work describes the optimization process of the generating device quadrupole mass to obtain a gravitational signal of maximum amplitude. Next, the finite element modeling (FEM) results for the rotating quadrupole mass are shown, allowing the analysis of the mechanical stresses produced by the high-speed rotation. This work reveals promising results that indicate the feasibility for the continuation of the project and subsequent construction of the real device.


John Wesley developed a system of travelling the rounds or circuits of Methodist Britain which furnished many valuable by-products. This was the Methodist equivalent of the bishop's triennial visitation in the Church of England, except that the bishop normally gathered his clergy and laity into one place rather than travelling around the diocese with them, though a few even in Wesley's day nobly attempted annual summer confirmation circuits. 1 Even though in his own annual itineraries Wesley had probably travelled most rounds more frequently than the preacher then stationed there, and was familiar with the accustomed breaks for meals and lodging-often in Methodist homes-yet the dimensions and patterns of each circuit were constantly being modified, and the man on the spot was clearly his best guide. This enabled Wesley to get to know the people who had newly come into the Methodist fold, and to have an insider's view of their families, their problems, and their possibilities. These accompanied circuit itineraries also brought Wesley much closer to his preachers, and he was able to assess their pastoral capabilities and personal foibles much more readily while sharing meals, and occasionally beds, over some weeks-in spite of the defenses which human nature would prompt them to erect against this magnetic little man. By this means also the preachers themselves came to know Wesley much more fully than was possible on more formal occasions such as the annual conference. Wesley's revelation of himself was apparently much fuller while he rode on horseback alongside-or behind-his Assistant than when,,,, as frequently in later years, they travelled together in a public vehicle, or in the carriage furnished for him by his friends,S whose slightly more comfortable conditions allowed him to read and write. A leisurely ride furnished the occasion for personal discussions on a huge variety of subjects, and for Wesley's reminiscences of interesting incidents in his eventful career. The recording of such rides and such conversations by Wesley's preachers


A combined analytical and experimental study of the energy absorption of glued laminated (glulam) beams reinforced with glass-epoxy laminates subjected to low velocity impact loading is presented. The analysis of impact as well as the onset of damage is modeled by a simple spring mass system. The damping ratio is obtained by the circle-fit method. The investigation was carried out on simply supported beam specimens. The results showed a great improvement in impact response ofthe glulam beams when reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced epoxy polymer (GFRP). The results were also quite revealing because beam failure was governed by the intrinsic characteristics ofthe GFRP used as a reinforcing constituent. The wood beams reinforced by relatively stiffer GFRP failed in shear mode and the impact strength was not proportional to the stiffness of the reinforcing GFRP. A good agreement between the results obtained from the proposed analytical solution and experiments was observed. The importance of inclusion of damping when analyzing such beams was also demonstrated.


Leafy vegetables could accumulate nitrate (NO3−) above limits safe for humans, hence it would be advisable to customarily determine their NO3− concentration. We wanted to develop a quick test to determine NO3− concentration in fresh tissue extracts and estimate the error of using this test to identify samples with NO3− concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold. There was a positive linear relationship (P < 0.001) between NO3− concentrations determined by the quick test and by potentiometry in dry tissue extracts. Samples were classified as "acceptable" or "excessive" according to their potentiometric NO3− concentration, using a critical level of 75% (p) of the observed NO3− distribution. According to the Cate-Nelson model, the quick test identified as "acceptable" from 5.6% to 15.4% of samples that were in the "excessive" category. In spite of this error rate, the quick test use would improve consumers' protection, because no controls on vegetables NO3− concentration are available in Uruguay.


Abstract The disasters happened in recent past pointed out the need of design criteria, ensuring adequate safety levels against progressive collapse. The attention was focused on the behavior of composite beam-to-column joint components in the field of large displacements. This article presents the experimental and numerical study enabling the simulation of the RC elements under tension. This has helped in understanding the non-negligible contribution of concrete in tension stiffening response up to failure especially in the case of discontinuous geometry marked in composite structures. The finite element model proposed may be considered a mid-way between smeared and discrete crack modeling approaches.


Introduction: Although equity is a key motivation for providing hospital services to the public, resource distribution in governments, rarely focus on those who need the resources more. This study was done to investigate the distribution of general practitioners in the health system of Iran using Gini and Atkinson indices.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, data were gathered from the Statistics Center of Iran, Medical Council and statistics office of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Gini and Atkinson indices have been used to investigate the distribution of human resources. In order to find more accurate estimation of the distribution coefficients, the adjusted index was used. Stata 11 software was applied for data analysis.

Results: The range of Gini and Atkinson indices before adjusting needs during 2006-2011were respectively between 0.127-0.204; and 0.018-0.038 that shows a worse status after adjusting needs.

Conclusion: Appropriate supply and distribution of medical manpower is the major key for improvement of the countries' health status. Therefore, accurate estimation of required human resources and population-based distribution help to reduce the cost of health care systems as well as households' cost.

Keywords: General Practitioners, Equity, Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Atkinson index


In order to isolate the disturbance rapidly and track the target,it must ensure stabilized platform steady relative inertial system.A control system is designed with IMU(inertial measurement unit),the encoder and the current sensor output as a feedback to form a current loop,velocity loop and position loop three closedloop controller for single-axis stabilized platform,whose controller core is a high-performance DSP TMS320LF2812. The basic principle of the controller,the design of main hardware modules and software are illustrated,and a combination of PID control and vector control strategy are presented.A large number of experimental data show that the system has a simple hardware structure,good stability,high accuracy in steady state,fast dynamic response characteristics,which can meet the requirements of the stabilized platform.


The reduced non-radiative transition rates evident in rare-earth doped fluorozirconate fibres increase the probabilities of radiative events from high-lying energy states. These states may be populated by multistep excited-state absorption of pump photons, a process which readily occurs because of increased lifetimes (relative to silicate and phosphate glasses) of intermediate levels, and spectrally-broad and sometimes overlapping ESA features. Lasing transitions from the blue region to nearly 3 microns are accessed in the preferred low-loss fibre geometry. Novel pumping schemes can be adopted using diode-laser, solid-state or fibre-laser compatible wavelengths to make visible up-conversion lasers or efficient fibre amplifiers for the largely under-used spectral region between 750nm and 1200nm.