Obejctive To evaluate the clinical efficacy of glass fiber post in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth.Methods This study consisted of 120 residual roots(canal therapy had been done before),which were evenly randomized to fiber-post group and alloy-dowel group.The falling off,fracture and root fracture of the teeth were investigated during three-year follow-up.Results Fracture of the core was noted in one case in fiber-post group,and six with core falling off,and five with root fracture were seen in alloy-dowel group,the differences between the two groups were significant(P=0.018,0.035).ConclusionGlass-fiber post is a good dental prosthetic restoration for post and core.


Compact nonabsorbing reflectors are useful in numerous important applications, such as surface protection against high-power irradiation, low-loss mirrors in laser cavities, and improvement of signal-tonoise ratios in bioimaging and nanosensing. We exploit the Mie resonance in periodically arranged silicon nanospheres to design a wide-angle broadband near-perfect all-dielectric metamaterial reflector. First, we obtain the reflectance of a semi-infinite dilute medium of dielectric spheres arranged in a simple-cubic lattice in air and deduce criteria such as the radius and period required to obtain a near-perfect mirror. Next, we construct a near-perfect broadband mirror using the metasurfaces in the near-infrared wavelength range for the period-toradius ratio of ∼2.54 for normal incidence. Finally, we study the reflection characteristics of the multilayer nanosphere metamaterials. A near-perfect mirror is designed, which is independent of polarization, and the permitted incident-angle width reaches 40 deg for three layers of metamaterial. This is the first study to address the optimal structure parameters for metasurfaces and the reflection characteristics of multilayer metamaterials. Our findings provide guidelines for the design of photonic devices based on dielectric metamaterials. © 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.57.1.017102]


In the process of capturing a critical overview of the India–Pakistan conflict over Kashmir, this article argues that the causes of such conflict can be traced to the processes of state formation and nation building in India and Pakistan that began after the partition of the subcontinent. Thus the notions of secular nationalism and two-nation theory were deployed, by India and Pakistan respectively, to integrate Kashmir within their fold. While assessing the viewpoints of the contending parties, the article suggests that resolution of the Kashmir question is dependent on the overall cordiality in India–Pakistan ties. In this context, it suggests constructive alternatives to prevent conflicts and ameliorate India–Pakistan relations on the basis of prevailing realities, in two ways. Initially it reflects briefly on the possible measures to reconstruct the conflict-ravaged state of Jammu and Kashmir and subsequently it underscores the significance of the hitherto neglected peace related projects built through trade and development cooperation.


Abstract The effect of pressure on the conformational structure of amyloid β (1–40) peptide (Aβ(1–40)), exacerbated with or without temperature, was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy. The result indicates the shift of the maximum peak of amide I band of intact solid Aβ(1–40) from 1655 cm−1 (α-helix) to 1647–1643 cm−1 (random coil) with the increase of the mechanical pressure. A new peak at 1634 cm−1 assigned to β-antipar- allel sheet structure was also evident. Furthermore, the peak at 1540 cm−1 also shifted to 1527 (1529) cm−1 in amide II band. The former was assigned to the combination of α-helix and random coil structures, and the latter was due to β-sheet structure. Changes in the composition of each component in the deconvoluted and curve-fitted amide I band of the compressed Aβ(1–40) samples were obtained from 33% to 22% for α-helix/random coil structures and from 47% to 57% for β-sheet structure with the increase of pressure, respectively. This demonstrates that pressure might induce the conformational transition from α-helix to random coil and to β-sheet structure. The structural transformation of the compressed Aβ(1–40) samples was synergistically influenced by the combined effects of pressure and temperature. The thermal-induced formation of β-sheet structure was significantly dependent on the pressures applied. The smaller the pressure applied the faster the β-sheet structure transformed. The thermal-dependent transition temperatures of solid Aβ(1–40) prepared by different pressures were near 55–60 °C.


This study was carried out in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of characterize some apple and pear varieties in terms of phytochemical characteristics. As a result of the study, when the average values of cultivars belong to species were examined, it was found that the properties of titreable acidity (TA), Vitamin C, total phenol and antioxidant activity (AOA) were higher in apple, while soluble solid content (SSC) and pH values were higher in pear. In apples, TA, Vitamin C, total phenol, AOA, SSC and pH values were determined in the range of %1.35 % 0.34, 5.63 – 2.41 mg/100 mL, 494.8 – 158.68 mg/L, %78.23 – %55.94, %12.93 – %10.65, 3.73 – 3.00 respectively. In pears, these values varied between %0.5 – 0.13, 5.77 – 1.52 mg/100 mL, 334.76 – 103.49 mg/L, %78.43 – %11.93, %15.78 – %11.78, 4.87 – 3.47. It was detected that, total phenolic content, vitamin C and antioxidant activity was increased corresponding to increasing of the acidity in both species. In addition, as a consequence of the corelation analysis, antioxidant acitivity increased by rising of total phenolics and vitamin C content. It was found that 'Jersey Mac' was superior than the other apple cultivars in terms of investigated features, and early harvested cultivars had better phytochemical features, generally. 'Limon', 'Santa Maria', 'Conference' and 'Moonglow' cultivars were came into prominence among pear varieties. It was thought that, the data obtained from the study can lead the selection of parents in breeding programes and consumer preferences.


The article by Boyle et al.1 in this issue of the Journal indicates that accelerated transport of glucose to the brain is a possible mechanism of unawareness of hypoglycemia on the part of patients...


The genetic potential of wool and meat productivity of semi-coarse wool sheep was evaluated for the creation of animal groups that would meet requirements of the desirable type. The article presents the results of the study of productivity and breeding abilities of semi-coarse wool sheep of Aginskaya breed, Zugalai type, belonging to mutton-wool production type. The study was carried out in the pedigree breeding unit of Trans-Baikal Territory. The scope of research was to study productive and breeding qualities of sheep of various age and gender groups. It was established that sheep of Aginskaya breed, Zugalai type, correspond to the elite class by 37.5%, fi rst class – by 51.7% and second class – by 10.8%. Zugalai type semicoarse wool rams exceed the breed standard in live weight by 37.4%, replacement rams – by 38.0%, ewes – by 15.4% and young ewes – by 25.7%, and in terms of pure wool production – by 28.6; 25.0; 7.7 and 8.3%, respectively. Production and yield of wool, its length, morphological composition and fi neness by fractions of semi-coarse wool sheep were identifi ed. The semi-coarse wool of Zugalayan sheep is heterogeneous and consists of fi ne fl eece (79.5-80.6%), medullated fi bers (12.7-13.4%) and coarse hair (6.0-7.8%). The fi neness of fi bers by fractions varies between 21.4-22.9 microns for fi ne fl eece, 39.7-40.2 for medullated fi bers and 72.2-77.3 for coarse hair. The results of the control slaughter of semi-coarse wool rams at the age of 6 months show their reasonably high meat productivity. The slaughter mass of Zugalai type specimens is 18.5 kg, the slaughter yield is 50.9%, fi rst grade meat yield is 92.9%, the meatiness ratio is 3.8.


Amaranth and quinoa belong to the family Amaranthaceae characterized by having species that grow in adverse conditions, in addition to presenting high contents of proteins, unsaturated fatty acids and vitamins, as well as functional properties, which could be an excellent option to face the great problems that afflict the world. Due to these characteristics, quinoa has become a worldwide phenomenon and is already grown in more than 100 countries. The study was proposed in order to determine if amaranth has the agronomic potential to increase the cultivated area as happened with quinoa. An experiment was established with three varieties of quinoa and three varieties of amaranth in three environments of the Highs Valleys of Mexico, under a randomized complete block design with an arrangement of treatments in split plots. Agronomic variables, as well as yield, were evaluated. The results found showed that amaranth surpassed quinoa in inflorescence length, inflorescence width, stem diameter, hectoliter weight and yield, while quinoa presented higher values for seed diameter and weight of one thousand seeds. The Tlahuicole and L-145 amaranth genotypes observed the best performance, followed by the Suyana variety of quinoa. Amaranth has characteristics to be a worldwide phenomenon, as has happened with quinoa.


We present our new results from electron-injection detectors showing un-gated detection of extremely low optical powers at telecomm-band. These devices operate at about 3 volts, and show excellent linearity over at least 40 dB dynamic range. They demonstrate a noise equivalent sensitivity of 13 photons at 220 K.


In a practical power system, power plants are not equidistant from the distribution center and their fuel cost is different. Under normal operating conditions, the production capacity is even greater than the required total load and losses. Therefore, there are many options for planning the build. In an interconnected network, the objective is to determine the planning of the active and reactive power of each system in order to minimize operating costs. This means that the active and reactive power of the generator can vary within certain limits in order to cover a certain load requirement with minimal fuel costs. This is called the optimal power flow problem. This paper provides an overview of AI-based algorithms, genetic algorithms and their applications with cost-effective charge transport.


The invention discloses a full-automatic machining transfer system which comprises a left machining device, a right machining device, a mechanical arm support, a transfer mechanical arm, a stock bin, a conveyor belt, a transfer car, a detection device and a sliding rail. Through the method, the full-automatic machining transfer system can perform surface machining and hole machining on parts, can move and carry parts without manpower, improves working efficiency, and is convenient to use.


This project is based on one of the most important processes owned by the Superintendence of Companies, Securities and Insurance, which is the Dissolution, Liquidation and Cancellation of Companies which currently involve a lot of unnecessary red tape required for certain companies, making it delay the process unnecessarily.
That is why since 2011, so far have been unnecessary regulations dissolution, liquidation and termination of companies coming to have a dark and unintelligible text in certain respects reforms, as well as company law has loopholes were only necessary when dollarization, and perhaps a couple of years……


Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. There is limited literature on a model to project the number of people with CKD. This study projects the number of residents with CKD in Singapore by 2035 using a Markov model. Methods A Markov model with nine mutually exclusive health states was developed according to the clinical course of CKD, based on a discrete time interval of 1 year. The model simulated the transition of cohorts across different health states from 2007 to 2035 using prevalence, incidence, mortality, disease transition, and disease detection rates. Results From 2007 to 2035, the number of residents with CKD is projected to increase from 316,521 to 887,870 and the prevalence from 12.2% to 24.3%. Patients with CKD stages 1-2 constituted the largest proportion. The proportion of undiagnosed cases will decline from 72.1% to 56.4%, resulting from faster progression to higher CKD stages and its eventual detection. Conclusion By 2035, about one-quarter of the Singapore residents are expected to have CKD. National policies need to focus on primary disease prevention and early disease detection to avoid delayed treatment of CKD which eventually leads to end-stage renal disease.


The multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock model has been employed to calculate the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine constants of the 7s6d 3D1, 7s6d 3D2, 7s6d 3D3 and 7s6d 1D2 states of 22388Ra. This paper complements the previously published hyperfine constants for the 7s7p 1P1 and 7s7p 3P1,2 states, yielding the hyperfine structure data for all levels belonging to the two lowest excited-state configurations, 7s7p and 7s6d, of neutral radium.


Previous research has shown that subjects sys-tematically misperceive the location of visual and haptic stimuli presented briefly around the time of a movement of the sensory organ (eye or hand movements) due to errors in the combination of visual or tactile information with proprioception. These briefly presented stimuli (a flash or a tap on the finger) are quite different from what one encounters in daily life. In this study, we tested whether subjects also mislocalize real (static) objects that are felt briefly while moving ones hand across them, like when searching for a light switch in the dark. We found that subjects systemat-ically mislocalized a real bar in a similar manner as has been shown with artificial haptic stimuli. This demonstrates that movement-related mislocalization is a real world property of human perception.


Abstract The use of SEP-PAKR C18 cartridges for the isolation and purification of radiopharmaceuticals, labeled with the 20.4 minute half-life radionuclide carbon-11, is reported. Synthesis and SEP-PAK preparative chrotmatographic purification of [1-11C]palmitic acid, [11C-methyl]benzyl methyl ether, [1-11C]butan-1-ol, and [1-11C]pyruvic acid are described. The use of SEP-PAK C18 cartridges has allowed development of rapid and remote methods for handling of high amounts (> 100 mCi) of radioactive products.


Apparently,Yugu Nationality Love Folk Tale,Marksman Shooting the Wild Goose is a dramatic love story,in fact,it is not.Analyzed by the Semiotics Structuralism of Graemes,it is clear that rewarding goodness and punishing evil is the core theme of this tale,and the Binary Opposition between goodness and wickedness is its deep structure.This kind of Binary Opposition is so obvious in folk literature of Yugu Nationality that it shapes the basic narrative structure of Yugu Nationality's folk literature.It is related to Yugu Nationality's long religious tradition of Buddhism and the narrator's aesthetic ideal to regard the good as the beauty.Specifically,the narrator,by using different narrative techniques such as coincidence and contrast etc.expressed his aesthetic ideal and finished the narration of goodness and evil.


The case of a 32-year-old woman who after 7 years of use of oral contraception became pregnant gave birth to a healthy child and became afflicted with a malignant tumor is related. The tumor became apparent soon after the uncomplicated birth its hepatic nature revealed through jaundice and subsequent serological tests. The tumor was revealed to be a hepatocellular carcinoma of low differentiation under an electron microscope. The cancerous cells contained fibrils similar to alcoholic hyaline. Published reports suggest that there is a relation between the use of oral hormonal contraceptives and the hormonal changes the female organism goes through during pregnancy which may be a causal factor in the appearance of carcinomas. The exact link between oral contraceptives and liver disruptions is not yet understood although the effect upon the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticula of the liver cells is thought to be important particularly with anabolic steroids.


Abstract Empowered by the media, legislations in China have, over recent years, been increasingly influenced by public focusing events. Many national legislations have been triggered by public focusing events, rather than being entirely pre-determined by the Party or by the government. After a detailed empirical study of 132 public focusing events and national legislations between 2003 and 2016, the article explores the features, the reasons, and the advantages and disadvantages of legislations triggered by public focusing events. In these 'pressure-induced legislations', the public focusing events serve as catalysts that create a new consensus or demand for new laws and regulations that are enacted over a short period of time, thereby influencing the national legislation. Compared to traditional Chinese legislations, pressure-induced legislations are more efficient and more responsive to the needs of the general public, but they also carry the danger of irrational judgments being made, leading to the enactment of improper laws or regulations.


This research is aim to know several of risk factors about individual characteristics which are related with occurrence of skin type of anthrax disease in Bogor district for 2003–2007. The research was designed to reach out for the goal of this research is use Case Control epidemiological research design. Case of this research is taken from victim of skin type of anthrax disease record in Puskesmas (Center for Health Services) and clarified as positive infected by anthrax bacterial based on laboratory serological examination in Balitvet Bogor. Control is taken from inhabitant in Bogor district which are live in the same area with people who is diagnose as a victim of skin type of anthrax disease and do not showed clinical signs of skin type of anthrax disease. Data collection is done through by structured interview and observation which is doing by researcher itself and assisted by Puskesmas staff in Bogor district. Analysis data is done trough two steps that are univariate for analysis of frequency distribution and bivariate with Chi-square. All analysis processed by SPSS 13.0. The risk factors about individual characteristics which are related with occurrence of skin type of anthrax disease is working as a farmer with OR=3.011 (95% C=1.410-6.427).


SummaryInvestigations of several properties of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in healthy volunteers using simple non-invasive techniques giving reproducible results are described. A comparison of heart rate during physical exercise, before and after drug administration, showed that in this test 5 mg pindolol and 100 mg propranolol were almost equally active. In a test comparing the dose of intravenously infused isoprenaline required to increase the heart rate to 120 beatsjmin, pindolol was shown to be about 40-times more potent than propranolol and about 10-times less potent than Sandoz 23-784.The moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of pindolol leads to a slight increase in resting heart rate in subjects in the supine position when sympathetic tone is very low. In the sitting position pindolol, like propranolol (without ISA), reduces resting heart rate, but to a lesser extent. Sandoz 23-784, a drug with high ISA, however, increases resting heart rate both in the supine and in the sitting p...


Xylitol has the ability to reduce the adherence of Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), which can make it easier to remove plaque, decrease acid production and inhibit dental caries. There are few reports on the effects of xylitol on the expression of the virulence related genes in S. mutans. This study examined the inhibitory effect of chewing gum containing xylitol on glucan synthesis related gene expression of S. mutans. Participants were voluntarily recruited for a women's oral health prevention program, classified into two groups(a control and a xylitol group), and then followed for 2 years. Twenty salivary samples were randomly selected from each group. Colony count and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the characteristics of S. mutans. The following results were obtained: The S. mutans counts decreased steadily in the xylitol group over the study period(p


The present invention, proton conducting multilayer electrolyte membrane having a barrier layer, a method of manufacturing the same, and a fuel cell provided with such a membrane. The multilayer electrolyte membrane having a barrier layer prevents the inorganic acid is washed out, reduce the overvoltage on the cathode.


This article describes the stress analysis with physiological methods using wavelet transform of variation pulsometry data. It is shown that for non-stationary RR-interval series one can use discrete wavelet transform. The Meyer wavelet gives the most distinct frequency division of RR-interval spectrum but it is also the most complicated wavelet for computing. For real-time RRinterval series processing the most useful wavelet is Coifman 4-th order wavelet. Results of developed main stress indicator defining method LF/HF relation for stationary series is almost a match to traditional method. But unlike the traditional method it can be used also in nonstationary cases.


Investigating protein structural changes inside the cell is a major goal in molecular biology. Here we show that time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering is a valuable tool for this purpose. Hemoglobin has been chosen as a model system and its tertiary and quaternary conformational changes following laser flash-photolysis have been tracked in intact red blood cells with nanosecond time resolution.


Assembly variation analysis is used to handle the tradeoff between product performance and manufacturing cost. Traditionally, the assembly variation analysis of compliant structures is achieved by combining finite element analysis (FEA) and Monte Carlo simulation. Although the distribution of assembly dimensions can be obtained by such a process, the internal relationships between component deviations and assembly precisions are hidden in the reduplicative computational process. This study aims to shed light on the internal relationships between component deviations and assembly deformations of compliant mechanisms by Equilibrium Equations of Incremental Forces (EEIF). Dimensional deviation is an additional part to theoretical dimension, so does incremental force is to theoretical assembly load. EEIF is the bridge between dimensional deviations and incremental forces. This paper extends the application area of EEIF from compliant joints to compliant beams. The beginning of this paper reviews mainstream assembly variation analysis methods and the application of compliant mechanisms. Following is the basic conceptions about Equilibrium Equations of Incremental Forces. In the theory development part, compliant joints and compliant beams are discussed respectively. Precision of the method is verified by comparing it with an ADAMS/Flex model. Then, the output sensitivity coefficient matrix is used to conduct statistical assembly variation analysis for compliant mechanisms.


MOTIVATION
The validity of model based inference, as used in systems biology, depends on the underlying model formulation. Often, a vast number of competing models is available, that are built on different assumptions, all consistent with the existing knowledge about the studied biological phenomenon. As a remedy for this, Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) facilitates parameter and structural inferences based on multiple models simultaneously. However, in fields where a vast number of alternative, high-dimensional and non-linear models are involved, the BMA based inference task is computationally very challenging.

RESULTS
Here we employ BMA in the complex setting of Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) to infer whether potentially reversible reactions proceed uni- or bidirectionally, using 13C labeling data and metabolic networks. BMA is applied on a large set of candidate models with differing directionality settings, using a tailored multi-model Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach. The applicability of our algorithm is shown by inferring the in vivo probability of reaction bidirectionalities in a realistic network setup, thereby extending the scope of 13C MFA from parameter to structural inference.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


The idea of introducing problem-solving groups, quality circles of quality improvement teams of the makes its way into an organization through the awareness of successful results in other organization or companies. There is no fixed methodology for starting a teamwork programme, but there are certain key points which must be considered. The concept should be presented to (or come from) management and supervision and their commitment and support enlisted. It should be possible at this stage to engage the interest and support of potential team leaders. Projects should be started slowly and on a small scale. Ideally a pilot scheme, involving the most enthusiastic candidates and areas, should be launched. Early teething troubles, doubts and worries may then be identified and resolved. Selected or volunteer team or circle leaders must be trained in all aspects of group leadership and the appropriate techniques and they should be subsequently involved in the training of team members in techniques required in effective problem solving. The techniques of statistical process control (SPC) should be introduced, particularly charting and Pareto analysis. These concepts lay the groundwork for analyzing problems in a systematic fashion, and show that the majority of the problems are concentrated into a few areas.
Key words: implementing teamwork, TQM in agribusiness, making a profit, quality policy, top management


Composite materials have distinct properties such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, a high modulus-to-weight ratio, and wear resistance. The potential, strong mechanical properties and lower cost properties of E-glass fibre motivated us for this work. Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact tests were used in the current study to conduct a static analysis of E-glass reinforced isophthalic polyester composite and E-glass reinforced general purpose (GP) or orthophthalic polyester composite. Thermal-mechanical behaviour was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis tests. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the tested composites was examined using a scanning electron microscope. When compared to E-glass reinforced GP polyester composite, E-glass/isophthalic polyester composite demonstrated superior flexural properties and thermal stability. However, the tensile and impact properties of E-glass/GP polyester composite were found to be higher than those of E-glass/isophthalic polyester composite. SEM images show fibre pull-out, matrix cracking, and fibre breakage, among other things. The loss modulus and damping values for E-glass reinforced GP polyester composite were found to be greater than those for E-glass reinforced isophthalic polyester composite. The current composite can be used in marine applications, particularly the hull: frame or body of the boat.


Distribution of Ephelis-infected grasses on Ishigaki, and the frequency at which infected plants were present, were observed over a three year period. Sites with infected plants were most commonly wet areas that had been undisturbed for many years. The frequency of infection varied widely between grass species. In three of the fifteen grasses found to be hosts to this fungus, infected plants were present at many sites, while in other species, infected plants were present at only one or two sites. Ephelis infection of three of the grasses was found in only one plant. The number of infected tillers at each site was typically low with apparently a random distribution, and no evidence of spread from sites of infection. Infected plants were characterized by stromata that covered the inflorescence with dense mycelial growth, and in most grasses, by hyphae on the surface of the leaf blades. Infected plants typically showed both infected and Ephelis-free tillers. Examination of infected plants of 10 species revealed that the Ephelis fungus was essentially an epiphyte, with hyphae in vegetative tillers being located on the surface of the stem apex, including primordial leaves. Hyphae on the leaf blades were also apparently confined to epiphytic growth. Possible mechanisms for infection, the ecological and economic significance of Ephelis infection on Ishigaki, and areas for future research are outlined.


Network security has become more important to personal computer users, organizations, and the military. With the advent of the internet, security became a major concern and the history of security allows a better understanding of the emergence of security technology. The internet structure itself allowed for many security threats to occur. The architecture of the internet, when modified can reduce the possible attacks that can be sent across the network. Knowing the attack methods, allows for the appropriate security to emerge. Many businesses secure themselves from the internet by means of firewalls and encryption mechanisms. The businesses create an "intranet" to remain connected to the internet but secured from possible threats.The entire field of network security is vast and in an evolutionary stage. The range of study encompasses a brief history dating back to internet's beginnings and the current development in network security. In order to understand the research being performed today, background knowledge of the internet, its vulnerabilities, attack methods through the internet, and security technology is important and therefore they are reviewed. INTRODUCTION The world is becoming more interconnected with the advent of the Internet and new networking technology. There is a large amount of personal, commercial, military, and government information on networking infrastructures worldwide. Network security is becoming of great importance because of intellectual property that can be easily acquired through the internet. There are currently two fundamentally different networks, data networks and synchronous network comprised of switches. The internet is considered a data network. Since the current data network consists of computer‐based routers, information can be obtained by special programs, such as "Trojan horses," planted in the routers. The synchronous network that consists of switches does not buffer data and therefore are not threatened by attackers. That is why security is emphasized in data networks, such as the internet, and other networks that link to the internet. The vast topic of network security is analyzed by researching the following: 1. History of security in networks 2. Internet architecture and vulnerable security aspects of the Internet 3. Types of internet attacks and security methods 4. Security for networks with internet access 5. Current development in network security hardware and software. Based on this research, the future of network security is forecasted. New trends that are emerging will also be considered to understand where network security is heading. Network Security System and network technology is a key technology for a wide variety of applications. Security is crucial to networks and applications. Although, network security is a critical requirement in emerging networks, there is a significant lack of security methods that can be easily implemented. There exists a "communication gap" between the developers of security technology and developers of networks. Network design is a well‐developed process that is based on the Open Systems Interface (OSI) model. The OSI model has several advantages when designing networks. It offers modularity, flexibility, ease‐of‐use, and standardization of protocols. The protocols of different layers can be easily combined to create stacks which allow modular development. The implementation of individual layers can be changed later without making other adjustments, allowing flexibility in development. In contrast to network design, secure network design is not a well‐ developed process. There isn't a methodology to manage the complexity of security requirements. Secure network design does not contain the same advantages as network design. When considering network security, it must be emphasized that the whole network is secure. Network security does not only concern the security in the computers at each end of the communication RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 NATIONAL CONFERENCE on Developments, Advances & Trends in Engineering Sciences (NCDATES09 th & 10 th January 2015) CMR Engineering College 2|P a g e chain. When transmitting data the communication channel should not be vulnerable to attack. A possible hacker could target the communication channel, obtain the data, decrypt it and re‐insert a false message. Securing the network is just as important as securing the computers and encrypting the message. When developing a secure network, the following need to be considered [1]: 1. Access – authorized users are provided the means to communicate to and from a particular network 2. Confidentiality – Information in the network remains private 3. Authentication – Ensure the users of the network are who they say they are 4. Integrity – Ensure the message has not been modified in transit 5. Non‐repudiation – Ensure the user does not refute that he used the network An effective network security plan is developed with the understanding of security issues, potential attackers, needed level of security, and factors that make a network vulnerable to attack [1]. The steps involved in understanding the composition of a secure network, internet or otherwise, is followed throughout this research endeavor. To lessen the vulnerability of the computer to the network there are many products available. These tools are encryption, authentication mechanisms, intrusion‐detection, security management and firewalls. Businesses throughout the world are using a combination of some of these tools. "Intranets" are both connected to the internet and reasonably protected from it. The internet architecture itself leads to vulnerabilities in the network. Understanding the security issues of the internet greatly assists in developing new security technologies and approaches for networks with internet access and internet security itself. The types of attacks through the internet need to also be studied to be able to detect and guard against them. Intrusion detection systems are established based on the types of attacks most commonly used. Network intrusions consist of packets that are introduced to cause problems for the following reasons: • To consume resources uselessly • To interfere with any system resource's intended function • To gain system knowledge that can be exploited in later attacks The last reason for a network intrusion is most commonly guarded against and considered by most as the only intrusion motive. The other reasons mentioned need to be thwarted as well. Typical security currently exists on the computers connected to the network. Security protocols sometimes usually appear as part of a single layer of the OSI network reference model. Current work is being performed in using a layered approach to secure network design. The layers of the security model correspond to the OSI model layers. This security approach leads to an effective and efficient design which circumvents some of the common security problems. Differentiating Data Security and Network Security Data security is the aspect of security that allows a client's data to be transformed into unintelligible data for transmission. Even if this unintelligible data is intercepted, a key is needed to decode the message. This method of security is effective to a certain degree. Strong cryptography in the past can be easily broken today. Cryptographic methods have to continue to advance due to the advancement of the hackers as well. When transferring ciphertext over a network, it is helpful to have a secure network. This will allow for the ciphertext to be protected, so that it is less likely for many people to even attempt to break the code. A secure network will also prevent someone from inserting unauthorized messages into the network. Therefore, hard ciphers are needed as well as attack‐hard networks [2]. Figure 1: Based on the OSI model, data security and network security have a different security function The relationship of network security and data security to the OSI model is shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the cryptography occurs at the application layer; therefore the application writers are aware of its existence. The user can possibly choose different methods of data security. Network security is mostly contained within the physical layer. Layers above the physical layer are also used to accomplish the network security required [2]. Authentication is performed on a layer above the physical layer. Network security in the physical layer requires failure detection, attack detection mechanisms, and intelligent countermeasure strategies [2]. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 NATIONAL CONFERENCE on Developments, Advances & Trends in Engineering Sciences (NCDATES09 th & 10 th January 2015) CMR Engineering College 3|P a g e HISTORY OF NETWORK SECURITY Recent interest in security was fueled by the crime committed by Kevin Mitnick. Kevin Mitnick committed the largest computer‐related crime in U.S. history [3]. The losses were eighty million dollars in U.S. intellectual property and source code from a variety of companies [3]. Since then, information security came into the spotlight. Public networks are being relied upon to deliver financial and personal information. Due to the evolution of information that is made available through the internet, information security is also required to evolve. Internet has been a driving force for data security improvement. Internet protocols in the past were not developed to secure themselves. Within the TCP/IP communication stack, security protocols are not implemented. This leaves the internet open to attacks. Modern developments in the internet architecture have made communication more secure. 1. Brief History of Internet The birth of the interne takes place in 1969 when Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) is c


The spatial diversity method is an effective way to mitigate the adverse effects of fading channels in wireless communications. In this paper, we propose a cooperative balanced transmit scheme in relay communication network systems as one of the special diversity applications with both decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) schemes. In order to maximize cooperative diversity gain, the proposed scheme selects the maximum sum of the balanced gains computed by channel coefficients according to the feedback bits. The bit error rate (BER) performances of the DF and AF schemes are compared through the simulation results.


Abstract : Large amplitude and phase fluctuations in underwater acoustic wave fields occur and are primarily due to the temporal and spatial variability of the water and its boundaries. The amplitude part of this phenomenon is investigated by obtaining simultaneously, time and space series of environmental and acoustic data from sensor arrays fixed in space, in shallow coastal water off California. The signal output from an ultrasonic source, mounted on a tripod three meters above the bottom, is monitored continuously by a hydrophone 150 meters away. The source radiates CW pulses at the repetition rate of one pulse per three seconds at 30 kHz. Time series of temperature from a vertical thermistor array, surface wave height, and the two horizontal components of water motion from an EM current meter are obtained. A sampling interval of three seconds was used. In continental shelf areas, the tidal force is frequently the principal driving mechanism giving rise to internal fluid oscillations of tidal period. Herein, the effect of 'internal tides' upon acoustic wave propagation is examined. A low pass numerical filter was used to reject all nontidal, high-frequency components from each of the time series. Vertical, time-dependent, sound-speed profiles were determined at hourly intervals. A ray optics technique is employed to clarify the interaction mechanism and good agreement is obtained between theoretical and experimental results. (Author)


Optical microcavities offer the ability to create extremely low-threshold lasers with high modulation bandwidth. In such microcavity devices, the fraction β of spontaneous emission into the lasing mode can become close to one and the step-like "threshold" gradually disappears. To implement such high-β devices, one can exploit Cavity Quantum ElectroDynamics effects, more precisely spontaneous emission enhancement. The concomitant effect of spontaneous emission acceleration is the preferential funnelling of spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. In our work, the cavity is a double- heterostructure cavity etched on a suspended membrane and contains InAs quantum dots. Lasing is achieved with β-factors higher than 0.44 and is sustained by less than 10 quantum dots.


• The LIPF can generate turbulence that is much greater than turbulence in the ambient atmosphere. • The production of turbulence at the surface near the fire front was associated with increased variance in the 3D winds, specially in vertical direction, while buoyancy was strongest at higher levels within the fire plume. • Turbulence at 10-m level nearly doubled that at 3-m level, indicating that the assumption of 'constant flux layer' near the surface is no longer valid in the LIPF environment. • The residual term is generally small in the ambient environment, but quite large at the fire front and somewhat large immediate before and after the fire front, indicating that other factors in addition to shear and buoyancy are important to local turbulence behavior. Further analyses are needed to identify these specific factors. Introduction Low-intensity prescribed fires (LIPF) can be a viable tool for managing forest ecosystems. However, LIPF may radically modify the atmospheric environment within canopy layers by inducing strong fire-atmosphere interactions. These interactions can lead to intense turbulence production in and around the fire front, and this turbulence effects the dispersion of smoke. As part of a broad Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) project to develop modeling tools for predicting smoke dispersion from low-intensity fires, the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station conducted a LIPF on a forested plot in the New Jersey Pine Barrens (Figure 1) to collect meteorological and airquality data that can be used for model validation. In this study, we analyze turbulence data to understand atmospheric turbulence production associated with LIPF.


Efficient localization of multiple targets is one of the basic technical problems in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The traditional sparse representation method based on greedy class is not efficient in multi-target positioning. Aiming at this problem, a multi-target localization algorithm based on QR decomposition for fast orthogonal matching pursuit is proposed. The algorithm meshes the wireless sensor coverage area to design an over-complete dictionary, which transforms the multi-target localization problem into a sparse signal recovery problem. The method utilizes the sensor to receive the sparse characteristics of the target signal strength, and then uses fast orthogonal matching pursuit to recover the measured values, thereby localization the target by sparsity. Through the QR decomposition of the column full rank matrix, the recursive form is used to invert the sub-dictionary matrix, thus avoiding the direct inversion of the matrix in the traditional method, so that the computational complexity is greatly reduced. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional orthogonal matching pursuit compressed sensing reconstruction method, this method does not lose the localization accuracy and improves the computational efficiency.


Anomalous magnetic behavior has been studied on single crystalline YNi2B2C by dc-magnetization and ac-susceptibility measurements. Peak effect has been found in the reversibility region close to the upper critical field Hc2(T) by dc-magnetization and ac-susceptibility. The peak effect observed by dc-magnetization is ceased at about 18 kOe and 11 K with decreasing magnetic field parallel to the c-axis and increasing temperature. However, in ac-susceptibility, a sharp dip structure is still observed to about 5 kOe and 13.3 K, instead of the broad one at the higher magnetie fields of the peak effect region than about 15 kOe. A magnetic phase diagram of YNi2B2C has been established. From the characteristic features of the peek effect, it is speculated as a universal feature in almost isotropic superconductors with weak pinning centers that the transition from the peak effect (accompanied with the vortex glass melting) to the vortex lattice melting occurs successively with decreasing magnetic field and increasing temperature.


Using thermal pressure ventilation principles to achieve passive ventilation in buildings is an important way to promote green and low consumption building strategy. The reasonable vents layout design can fully tap the potential of thermal pressure ventilation. Aimed to civil buildings with internal heating source, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology, the effects of outlets layout on thermal natural ventilation in rooms were studied. Three types of typical air outlets distribution patterns were considered and the airflow distribution of thermal natural ventilation in rooms was simulated. The ventilation rates and the average workspace temperatures of different simulated conditions were given. The velocity and temperature fields of different simulated conditions were analyzed and the indoor thermal stratification characteristics were discussed. In addition, the effective heat coefficients of different simulated conditions were analyzed and compared. The results show that the strategy of dispersed outlets on ceiling can achieve the optimal natural ventilation effect. The results can provide theoretical references for the design of natural ventilation system in civil buildings.


One of the urgent tasks of the state policy of spatial development is the introduction of a permanent system for monitoring the socio-economic development of municipalities (at least at the level of municipal and districts), for which, as stated in the article, it is necessary to develop typologies of municipalities. It is advisable to generalize and analyze statistical information on municipalities on the basis of its automatic processing for different types of territories. The article analyzes the existing experience of the EU and the OECD in the typology of regions comparable to Russian municipal districts, and also summarizes the experience accumulated in Russia in the typologization of territories – municipalities in general, cities. It is shown that the basic typology can and should be based on an assessment of the settlement system – the ratio of urban and rural population, population density, the presence of a large urban center or proximity to it. Additionally, it is also important to take into account natural and climatic conditions, geographical location, sustainable economic specialization, and administrative status.


Data centers will be the computational hub of the next generation. Hosting business and mission-critical applications demand a high degree of reliability and flexibility. Deployment of large number of high powered computer systems in very dense configurations in racks in a data centers will result in very high power densities at room level. Managing high power levels in a data center with cost effective reliable cooling solutions is essential for reliability and uptime. Energy consumption of data centers can also be severely increased by over-designed air handling systems and rack layouts that allow the hot and cold air streams to mix. In this paper, we present experimental results from a design of experiments conducted at a production data center facility. The "smart" data center includes a pervasive monitoring layer that enables controlled deployment of air conditioning resources based on demand. Temperature distribution across the data center is measured by a large distribution of sensors at different computer room air conditioning (CRAC) unit air flow and supply temperature configurations. Dimensionless parameters in the form of Supply Heat Indices (SHI) are calculated, based on rack inlet, outlet and CRAC unit supply temperatures, at rack level for validation purposes. Experimental data show that SHI provides a simple and powerful tool to understand the convective heat transfer and fluid flow in diverse regions inside the data center. Analysis based on supply heat index is carried out to understand the optimization of relative air flow distribution among heterogeneous rack heat loads. The index is also used to investigate CRAC unit influences and rack air flow. Results show that these parameters not only provide an invaluable tool to understand convective heat transfer in large data centers but also suggest means to improve energy efficiency in data centers.


The Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy and the Committee on Climate Change place high dependency on the electrification of heat and use of heat pump systems to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Energy efficient buildings are essential for effective heat pump operation. However, the UK's housing stock is amongst the least energy efficient in Europe. Household electricity demand will increase with heat pump use, meaning reinforcement to infrastructure and generation capacity. This study uses dynamic simulation modelling to determine the optimum energy efficient retrofit required to minimise energy use and electrical demand for an average semi-detached dwelling using a heat pump. Solid wall insulation is found to be critical in energy abatement, although the heat pump operates at a high demand compared with low voltage network design. A whole house retrofit in-line with current Building Regulations reduces the heating demand and emissions by 65%, and lowers the input electrical demand for the heat pump to under 1 kW. Solid wall insulation and low U-value glazing are the cost-optimal solution, achieving similar abatement. Measures that exceed building regulations are shown to lower heat demand and carbon emissions by almost 80%, highlighting scope for improvement in retrofit standards. Practical application: At present, UK policy makers have a preferred alternative to high carbon fossil fuels that is a system heavily reliant on heat pumps powered by low carbon electricity. Heat pump systems require energy efficient buildings to operate effectively. A key factor when improving building efficiency is fabric standards, which can dramatically impact the heat transfer coefficient. Retrofit of energy efficiency measures is key to future net zero success and will have large implications to consumers and supply chains alike.


Introduction: Martial arts has remained an age old tradition of boosting confidence and increasing self esteem. Apart from self defence it is a well known sports which requires skill, Revised curriculum in foundation course for undergraduate medical students has incorporated it as an integral part of learning. Objective: Hence a daylong workshop was planned in North Bengal Medical College to assess outcome among students primarily Methods: Experts of the field were invited and they held a hands on workshop teaching them basic skills apart from enlightening the theoretical aspect and importance. 84 female students could be studied using questionnaire. A pre-test and post-test assessment was done on few relevant issues. Dean of student affairs was interviewed in depth for his experience on the issue. Results: 63.5% students opined they benefitted. A significant difference was noted in responses of fears faced and confidence to face the world. It would empower women more and inspire them to be self-reliant was opined by the Dean. Students and trainers were satisfied with the experience and placed demand for further workshop of similar kind or provision of regular coaching class. Conclusion: The study concluded that martial arts training are empowering and help in increasing self confidence. It should be made an integral part of learning and incorporated judiciously in the curriculum.


: Spanish and international scholars have traditionally inter-preted the consequences of the 1848 revolutionary cycle in Spain in terms of «failure» and «exception» with respect to the rest of the European continent. However, by adopting a transnational and comparative perspective, it is possible to generate a novel interpretation of «Spain's 48» and better situate the differences between the social and political dynamics that took place on the Peninsula and the rest of the continent during the so-called «year of revolution». The


Identifying flood vulnerability in an area is part of disaster risk management, especially for mitigating flood events. The level of vulnerability can be recognized from many factors. One of the primary sources of flood vulnerability in urban lowland areas is land subsidence. Sentinel Radar data has been proven to be able to produce land subsidence data accurately. This study was conducted using two Sentinel 1A Radar data acquired on 7 December 2014 and 20 August 2021. Determining the level of flood vulnerability, the analysis of land subsidence is operated at the watershed scale. The highest land subsidence recorded in the Kali Sunter watershed area was 81mm in Kayuputih Village, East Jakarta City. The villages classified as "Extremely Vulnerable" are Sumurbatu in Central Jakarta City, Kayuputih in East Jakarta City in Kelapagading Barat in North Jakarta City and Mekarsari in Depok City.


the Urban the of and professors from the of Vienna (TUV), the Urban Planning (St NU "Lviv Polytechnic" (NULP), the of Urban Development and Architectural Design, the University of Los Andes In Bogot (Universidad de los Andes, Bogot ). Workshop as a part of the design course of urban planning is an effective tool of the intensive designing process. During the workshop time in groups of 4 students are made proposals for two different sites. atmosphere of the site and offer a scenario of behaviour with it.


We study totally ergodic quantum dynamical systems with quasi--discrete spectrum. We investigate the classification problem for such systems in terms of algebraic invariants. The results are noncommutative analogs of (a part of) the theory of Abramov.


The article describes the difficulties and mistakes, "head-on" application of "biological" concepts of evolution by natural selection to social history, when the struggle of classes and parties perceived as inter-individual competition, with the selection of the "best" individuals and the spread of their signs in the population. The author shows the possibility of an interesting application of these concepts, based on the fact that the struggle of classes -* 108 and parties, as the driving force of historical development, constantly 109 changing social niche of people living in the community. In the future, their physicality adapts to this niche by the action of stabilizing selection. The author show why the idea that class breaks and / or differences are created by selection is invalid.


The basic "hydrolysis" of ethylene−vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) leads to ethylene−vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH) or ethylene−vinyl acetate−vinyl alcohol terpolymers which can be used for their surface properties or for further chemical modification. The controlled basic solvolysis of EVA takes place via a complicated nonstoichiometric mechanism. The solvolysis by anhydrous methanol catalyzed by sodium methoxide has been investigated thoroughly. This reaction is capable of fully converting acetate groups; the solvolysis of an acetate group next to another acetate (in EVV triads) is faster than that for isolated vinyl acetate (EVE triads) and proceeds immediately to the neighboring acetate group. The rate constants of each elementary step have been determined with the help of numerical simulations of kinetics data. In particular, the forward rate constant, k+, of the SN2 attack of the methoxide ion on vinyl acetate strongly depends on solvent quality (methanol content), i.e., on polymer coil expansion. W...


Background of the research is author's interest with issue of increased price of fuel oil in which it became a popular discussion among people when the issue was starting to develop. The issue of fuel oil price upsurge running about March2012. The research uses framing analysis method by using Zhongdan Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki  instruments. The headlines of Kompas and Solopos newspapers are then analyzed by using framing tool from Pan Konsicki consisting of four big structures, namely, syntax, script, thematic, and rhetoric.  Findings of the research indicated that Kompas and Solopos newspaper have different frames about phenomenon of fuel oil  price  upsurge.  The  different  frames  used  by  Kompas  and  Solopos newspapers  in  framing news  of  the  phenomenon  discourse  were  in  syntax  aspect;  especially  those  were  related  with headline and informant.


Objective To study the background content of phosphate in fresh meat and meat product and using condition of phosphate as food additive, and to provide scientific basis for reasonable limit content of phosphate in meat product.Method The fresh meat and meat product were sampled from representative slaughterhouses and markets in 14 provinces, and phosphate content were determined according to GB/T 5009.87—2003 "the analysis methods of phosphate in food".Results The average phosphate contents in fresh pork, beef and chicken were 5?115.22 mg/kg , 4?614.02 mg/kg and 4?897.23 mg/kg , respectively, and the average phosphate content of cooked meat products was 5?086.59 mg/kg . The average contents of phosphate in fresh beef and chicken were close to 5 g/kg of the limit content of "hygienic standard for cooked meat product". The average contents of phosphate in fresh pork and cooked meat products exceeded the limit content. Although the enterprises of meat products added phosphate according to "hygienic standard for use of food additives", the phosphate content still will exceed the limit content of "hygienic standard for cooked meat product" because the background content of phosphate in fresh meat was higher.Conclusion Such two standards were inconsistent and should be revised.


The primary task when breeding new varieties of essential-oil-bearing rose is to increase the essential oil content and quality. The purpose of the present research is to study the essential-oil-bearing rose collection variability in terms of the essential oil content and component composition and to identify opportunities for isolating the specimens promising for selection. The study of a collection of 112 specimens was carried out in 2017–2020 in the context of the piedmont of Crimea. The decanted essential oil content was determined using the hydrodistillation method. The component composition of rose essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography on Crystal 5000.2. The essential oil components were identified by comparing their Kovats retention indices to the literature values. A high variability in the essential oil content in the collection (Cv = 36.3% at the average, over 4 years) and the major components content in the essential oil (Cv = 22.1–45.9%) was found. In the context of the piedmont of Crimea, the major components' percentage content in essential oil from all the specimens including the five Bulgarian varieties did not meet the GOST ISO 9842-2017 standard requirements. This is indicative of a high-degree sensitivity to the soil and weather conditions in the region. It was found that the citronellol, geraniol, and nerol content in essential oil dropped significantly in extreme high temperature and drought conditions. Seven specimens rich in essential oil contained in the raw plant material (0.030–0.049%) and thirteen specimens with a high yield of concrete (0.31–0.39%) were identified and have been recommended for inclusion in the breeding process.


We have studied the time variation of the geomagnetic field at the Sodankyla observatory based on activity indices derived from the magnetic recordings in 1914–2010. Magnetic activity was absolutely highest in autumn 2003 but has since then decreased to the lowest level for almost 100 years. The global magnetic activity shows similar trends and time variations as observed at Sodankyla. A comparison between manually derived magnetic indices (K) from Sodankyla (1996–2010) and computed ones (by an automatic algorithm) shows that there are no significant differences between the two indices. The manual production of the indices may well be replaced by the automatic one. However, there is a minor tendency that computer derived indices are slightly lower than the corresponding manually scaled values due to different data used for the scaling. Manually scaled K-values are produced from 15 s data (point values) when computer-produced values are derived from 10 s average data.


This study tests intercity price convergence in Pakistan using monthly panel data on the prices of fifteen commodities and services for ten major cities of Pakistan viz Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Multan, Mardan, Hyderabad, Quetta and Khuzdar for the period January 2000 to December 2011. We categorize all the commodities and services into tradable and non-tradable groups and employ the second generation panel unit root tests to examine the intercity price convergence in Pakistan. We also estimate the speed of convergence in relative commodity prices using half life method. Our results indicate stronger convergence in the tradable goods than the non-tradable goods. For robustness, we examine the impact of price volatility on the speed of convergence and the impact of distance (measured as transportation cost) on relative commodity prices. We observe that our main findings remain intact, however the impact of distance on relative prices is found to be very small but significant. Further, we note that the impact of price volatility on speed of convergence is positive and significant.


The terminal position of mastication (centricocclusion: CO) has been reported to coincide with the intercuspal position (ICP), which is defined as the mandibular position where the maximum intercuspation occurs. However, the relationship between the ICP and the CO still remains unclear.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the ICP and the CO.Recording and analysis of the three-dimensional relationship between the ICP and the CO were performed in fourty subjects with normal occlusion, fifty subjects with abnormal occlusion, and sixty subjects with craniomandibular disorders by using the Sirognathograph Analyzing System.As a result, the non-coincidence of the ICP and the CO was characteristically observed in subjects with abnormal occlusion and craniomandibular disorders.From the results obtained, it is suggested that the terminal position of mastication does not always coincide with the ICP.


The present invention relates to a composition comprising (i) a lithium salt of imidazole compound of formula (I): in which Rf represents a fluorinated alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom and ii) at least one cation selected from group A consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, strontium, vanadium, ammonium, silver, aluminum, arsenic, barium, silicon, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, strontium and titanium and (iii) at least one anion chosen from group B consisting of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, trifluoroacetate, pentafluoroacetate and the anion of formula (II), with all the cation (s) and anion (s) ) greater than 0 and at most 1% by weight of the composition. Its object is the preparation of said composition as well as the use of said composition as battery electrolyte.


The cores have to be spliced in the manufacturing process of sandwich plate due to the processing technology, the influence of core splice, compared with integrated core, on mechanical behavior of sandwich plate were investigated through two experiments. Two styles of specimens (B-style and C-style) were taken into experiments in sequence which included two kinds of plate with different cores.Firstly, it was found in stiffness experiment that stiffness and strength of sandwich plate with splicing core were obviously weaker than that with integrated core, which mean the former performed larger deformation under the same predetermined load with higher strain and behaved lower ultimate bearing capacity. Meanwhile the failure modes were mainly sheet crushing collapse and there was no evident difference in the failure mode of the two styles specimens with different cores. It concluded that the cores splice reduced the stiffness in location of two core splicing but the effect on the failure mode was slight.Secondly, it was found in stability experiment that the mechanical behaviour was approximately linear under the predetermined axial load and the predetermined out-of-plane load and similarly bulking strength of the sandwich plate with splicing core was about 10%~15% lower than that with integrated core. Basically, delamination between sheet and core kept accompany with bulking of the plate each time and two styles specimens with different cores didn't show evident differences in failure mode as well. It demonstrated the conclusion and that core splice accounted to make the specimens produced geometric imperfections which resulted in stiffness reduction.Thirdly, based on experiments it was clear that the mechanical behaviour of sandwich plates with splicing cores suffered from more obvious discreteness compared with that with integrated cores, which indicated that manufacturing technology had greater influence on the former and core splice should be avoided in some important location of structure.Lastly, numerical simulation method based on progressive damage analysis was also studied and good correlation with experimental results was obtained, which could well predict the mechanical behaviour of the sandwich plates with splicing core and integrated core.


T RAUMA REMAINS THE LEADING cause of death and disability among young people around the world. In the United States, more than 50 million people are injured per year, resulting in approximately 169 000 annual deaths and a lifetime cost of $406 billion. Over the past several years, significant improvements in survival after trauma have been achieved. One reason for this has been improvements in emergency medical services (EMS) and life-saving transport of trauma patients to a center capable of providing definitive care. The utility of helicopter EMS and its possible effect on outcomes for traumatically injured patients remains the subject of debate. 3-8 Because helicopter transport is a limited and expensive resource, a meth-odologically rigorous investigation of its effectiveness compared with ground EMS is warranted. Several studies have used the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) to assess outcomes for traumatically injured adults transported by either option. 9-11 Although each of these studies concluded that helicopter transport was associated Context Helicopter emergency medical services and their possible effect on outcomes for traumatically injured patients remain a subject of debate. Because helicopter services are a limited and expensive resource, a methodologically rigorous investigation of its effectiveness compared with ground emergency medical services is warranted. Objective To assess the association between the use of helicopter vs ground services and survival among adults with serious traumatic injuries. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study involving 223 475 patients older than 15 years, having an injury severity score higher than 15, and sustaining blunt or penetrating trauma that required transport to US level I or II trauma centers and whose data were recorded in the 2007-2009 versions of the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Interventions Transport by helicopter or ground emergency services to level I or level II trauma centers. Main Outcome Measures Survival to hospital discharge and discharge disposition. Results A total of 61 909 patients were transported by helicopter and 161 566 patients were transported by ground. Overall, 7813 patients (12.6%) transported by helicopter died compared with 17 775 patients (11%) transported by ground services. Before propensity score matching, patients transported by helicopter to level I and level II trauma centers had higher Injury Severity Scores. In the propensity score–matched multivariable regression model, for patients transported to level I trauma centers, helicopter transport was associated with an improved odds of survival compared with A greater proportion (18.2%) of those …


We consider adistributed estimation problem wheresensors transmit their observations overfading channels toafusion center (FC), wheretheparameter isestimated. We calculate thevariance oftheestimate whenwehavefull, partial andno channel information atthesensors. Wecompare these witha benchmark obtained whenthechannels areAWGN.Weshow that while having noCSIatthesensors leads tobadperformance, partial CSIatthesensors issufficient togetreliable estimates oftheparameter. Comparing theperformance when thesensors havepartial CSI,towhenthesensors havefull CSI,thedeterioration ofthevariance oftheestimator inthe caseofpartial CSIatthesensors isupper bounded byafactor of4/7, whichisabout a2dBpowerloss.


Renewable energy sources and production facilities have increasing prevalence around the world. Thanks to technology, this type of energy production facilities use and produce more data day by day. Wind power turbines use SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) systems to monitor and control production, alarms, faults, etc. Data that is produced by SCADA systems are used for fault and alarm prediction. In this study, the SCADA system data of a wind farm located in the southeast of Turkey is used to predict the system's alarms. While some alarms are about faults, it could be that the others are about non-fault situations. This study aims to predict fault-related and non-fault-related alarms. SMOTE is used to balance unbalanced classes to increase the performance of the model. The proposed model consists of 4 main steps: The first step is data acquisition from SCADA data. The second step is data analysis and pre-processing. The third step of the model is feature selection, and the last step is classification study. SVC (support vector classifiers) and decision trees are compared for the classification step, and according to the performance results, the decision tree is selected to model prediction.


A simple model for the longitudinal acoustical vibrations of helical polymers has been developed. This model consists of a linear string of masses, M, connected by springs. The mass must be taken as that of one helical turn of the true helix. It has been found that all of the previously observed or calculated frequencies for the longitudinal acoustical modes of helical polymers can be calculated from this model using only one adjustable parameter, the force constant f, between the turns, for each type of helix. Using this simplified model it has been possible to obtain the rms amplitudes of the changes in the overall end‐to‐end length of helical polymers as a function of their chain length and temperature. At room temperatures the rms end‐to‐end length is found to vary from a few tenths of an angstrom for hydrocarbon chains of the length found in phospholipid membrane bilayers to several angstroms in a rigid α‐helix of 100 peptide residues. The damping of these α‐helical modes is not considered but may be appreciable in solution.


A comparative study of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) was done in the Indian scenario on the lines of the methodology proposed by Chen (1983). A factor analysis (maximum likelihood method) was done on the daily returns data of selected scrips from the Mumbai Stock Exchange (BSE) to derive the factors. Sixteen factors emerged in the factor analysis and for the portfolio used in the comparative tests the t-test reported the factor loadings of five factors to be significantly different from zero. The regression ri = α rAPT (1 - α) rCAPM ei was run where ri , rAPT, rCAPM are the actual returns, APT predicted returns and CAPM predicted returns respectively. The resulting alpha value was close to one and in favor of APT. In the second test it was seen that while the APT was able to significantly explain the CAPM residuals, the CAPM was not able to significantly explain the APT residuals. Thus, the APT emerged the superior model in the tests.


Purpose – Research has shown that the assimilation of managers into the growing small business is a process fraught with difficulty. The purpose of this paper is to use the evolutionary approach to shed new light on the process in which the management team broadens in a growing small firm. Design/methodology/approach – The paper puts forward a conceptualisation of the units of analysis, namely habits and heuristics. Then using a case study approach, these concepts are operationalised to describe the process in which the management team broadens in a growing porcelain company. An analysis of the findings is then be organised around the evolutionary mechanisms of variation, selection and retention. Findings – It was seen that existing habits, routines and heuristics acted in a policing fashion to resist variation introduced by the newly arriving manger. This resistance led to the failure of the firm to vary practices in line with changes in the marketplace. Research limitations/implications – By focusing on the evolution of habits, routines and heuristics, and the fit between these concepts and the changing external world, new insights can be gained on the broadening process and ultimately the survival of the organisation. Originality/value – It is argued that the approach taken in this paper promotes more theory-driven research with a strong focus on process and context, and can build on both the behaviour-based and learning-based approaches by allowing multi-level analysis of the process in which the management team broadens.


This power point presentation is not intended to provide specific legal advice, but rather a general discussion of potential legal issues related to farmers market activities. Highlighted are business incorporation status, contractual obligations & rights, food safety and premises liability.


The Application of the Cooperative Learning Model Type Quick On The Draw to Increase Civics Ac-tivity and Learning Outcomes in the Material Relationship Pictures on the National Symbols with the Principles of Pancasila Class II MIN 8 Southwest Aceh Aceh 2019/2020 Academic Year". The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes of Civics Education. The purpose of this class action research is to find out (1) Improvement of student learning outcomes after the implementation of the Quick On The Draw cooperative learning model (2) Student activities in learning the Quick On The Draw coopera-tive learning model. This study uses a class action research (Action Reseach) of two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages: design, activity and observation, reflection. This research was conducted from September to November 2019. The subjects of this study were 35 students in Class II. The research ap-proach was carried out using the descriptive approach method. Data collection techniques are done using tests, observation is observation of student activities. Data processing and analysis is used by using per-centage techniques. Based on calculations and data analysis in this study shows that student learning outcomes have increased namely from the first cycle which initially only 74.29% increased 85.71% cy-cle II. The results of the analysis of student activity have increased in both cycles, from the good enough category to the good category increased to very good, so it can be concluded that by applying the Quick On The Draw type of cooperative learning models can improve the learning outcomes of class II stu-dents, as well as the learning model this can be used as an alternative to Civics learning.


Earphone device (10,110,210,210 '), in order to hear the sound of the whole external of the location in the user's ear, and, in order to transmit the user's voice (NSV) to a telecommunications transmission link (TTL) to the purpose of the ear canal by-ear device (14) (15) controls the total amount (TND) of sound including audio output from a sound source (16) that reaches the ear of the user which is closed, the communication which has been improved to the user to provide a device. The present invention also provides method of operating an earphone device (10,110,210,210 '). .FIELD 1


.: !. ~ In the morning of time, when the world was new, Glooscap, the god-man, red of hue, Set up his teepee-long since goneHigh on the summit of Blomidon, For where on eru·th was a site as fine as The bastioned gate of the Basin of Minas. Great was Glooscap and vast his strength. Often in summer he'd loll full length, Trailing his hands in the Minas tide And cooling his feet on the Fundy side. The Wolf and the Loon were his faithful hounds, And sometimes, too, as he went his rounds, The Squirrel followed at Glooscap's heel, Tackling all rivals with equal zeal, And changed at times by his magic might To a giant squirrel for a giant fight. A Skunk had Glooscap, as big as an ox, Who stood stern first on the Kingsport rocks, Greeting his guests, in blasts of glee, With supor-teargas artillery; But soon washed sweet, in the friendliest state 1'he guests were fed from a magic plate Where a tiny sirloin of beaver meat ·· Could feed a thousand yet stay complete. The arrows of Glooscap were swift as light They found their mark in unerring flight And pierced it through and returned straightway To the hand of their Master. He wore, they say, A wizard belt that endowed his arm With omnipotent power against all harm; While he was the first on all our planet To make a canoe from an isle of granite, Using its pines as the ma-sts for sails To bear him swift through the Fundy gales. Now giant beavers built of yore From Blomidon clear to the Parrsborough shore A mighty dam with a pond to fill The Annapolis Valley from bill to bill. Glooscap, out bunting, returned in ire


This study aimed to analyze the catchment of the Rivers Pandeiros and Calindo, sub-basin of the Rio Sao Francisco (SF9), Minas Gerais. Landscape metrics were used to establish a profile of landscape structure and direct actions of conservation and preservation of this forest fragments. The metrics in terms of fragments were: area, shape index and nuclear area index. To analyze the thematic classes were calculated: area, number of fragments, mean shape index, area of the largest fragment and percentage of class area in the landscape. The results showed that the sub-basin s is highly fragmented, comprising 81.78% of the fragments is smaller than 10 and 0.04% with over 10,000 hectares. The analysis of shape index and nuclear area demonstrated that the biodiversity of the sub-basin SF9 is threatened, since most of the fragments had little core area, are vulnerable to impacts the edge area. As for the classes, the results showed that the vegetation type is the most preserved Cerrado sensu stricto, occupying an area of 32.11% of the landscape area and 30.40% of the fragments in the sub-basin analysis. Have classes Campo, Campo Cerrado, Montana Deciduous Forest and Deciduous Forest Sub Montana are quite fragmented, when together occupy only 23.31% of the total area. The main measures for conservation and preservation of the remnants, as well as increased biodiversity in the sub-basin are: to improve the network of corridors and increase the permeability of the landscape matrix. Palavras-chave: biodiversity conservation, sensing, landscape metrics, Cerrado, conservacao, metricas da paisagem, processamento de imagens, Minas Gerais.


The reader is invited to the review of the IMEMO RAS collective monograph «Political processes in the post-Soviet space: new trends and old problems» (ed. by E.G. Solovyev and G.I. Chufrin. Moscow, 2020). The review notes the scientific relevance and practical significance of the monograph for modern science and foreign policy activities of modern Russia, as well as identifies most acute problems of new sovereign countries' functioning after the collapse of the USSR. As a result, it is concluded that dynamics of the ongoing political and economic processes in the post-Soviet space, destabilization of the situation along the perimeter of Russia's borders requires increased attention of the Russian political, economic, scientific, and cultural elites to the situation in the neighboring countries.


ABSTRACT In many applications of joining and reinforcing timber elements with self-tapping fully threaded screws, the exact positioning of the screws becomes difficult as the screws tend to "stray" from their designated axis during insertion in wood and wooden semi-products. Experimental investigations show that besides natural local discontinuities like knots or resin inclusions, the screw-to-grain angle and the screws stiffness have an influence on the insertion process and thus can be identified as factors to a deviation of fully threaded screws. Mechanical predrilling cannot solve this problem, as the drills also stray during the predrilling process. As an alternative, a pyrolytic method of predrilling based on laser radiation proved suitable for obtaining guide holes with adequate straightness. This paper includes a description of the developed drilling processes using different lasers beam sources. The resulted borehole geometries of a QCW fiber laser, as well as an ultrashort pulsed laser, show satisfying results. Furthermore, the short- and long-term bond behavior of fully-threaded screws in a glued-laminated timber matrix, installed in laser predrilled guide holes, was tested and evaluated. The results show that with the new innovative wood processing method an exact positioning of fully-threaded screws is possible, almost without loss of withdrawal resistance of the screws.


This paper is based on the study to reduce a system panic state. A panic state could be caused by a programmer or an administrator's careless mistake. The proposed hardening Operating System of this paper stops the process which is running in the kernel with an error. The error process for the value type and the address type of a certain variable have to be restored. Installed with kernel hardening, Operating System checks the recovery possibility of the process first and then restores the process which can be recovered. When it is possible to recover the kernel code with an error, it is to be recovered in ASSERT() function.


Objective To study operating space Ⅰ and Ⅱ in sellar region under different visual angle,to observe and measure the boundary,area and different content in operating spaces.Methods The anaomy of operating spaces in sellar region via pterional approach was studied in 15 adult cadaver brains under microscope.The observation and measure were under different visual angle.The outcomes were analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software.Results The structures of operating spaces were described and measured under different visual angles.In space Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the medial side and the lateral side were more and more longer and the basal side was more and more shorter under different visual angles from 0° to 60°.The areas of spaces Ⅰ and Ⅱ under the angle 30° were the biggest.Conclusion Under the angle 30°,the operative vacuity of space Ⅰ and Ⅱ were the biggest.Posterior communicating artery(PCA),the extremity of internal cervical artery(ICA),and the bifurcation of basal artery(BA)were exposed obviously.


The watch has time displays (40, 44) associated to a time setting device (31) and a manual time setting device (33), respectively, where the displays are driven by a watch movement housed in a case (30). A time zone indicator (50) includes apertures (51, 52) that are arranged in a dial (36), and a place ring (53) including place symbols that represents time zone. A manual place corrector (34) enables the place ring to turn step by step without modifying the status of the displays, where the display (44) includes hour and minute hands (45, 46).


Background Large-scale dissemination efforts seek to expand opportunities for the addiction treatment community to receive training in empirically supported treatments (ESTs). Prospective consumers of such training are valuable sources of input about content of interest, preferences for how training events are structured, and obstacles that deter receipt of training. Methods In this mixed-method study, data were collected in 64 semistructured individual interviews with personnel during site visits to 16 community opioid treatment programs (OTPs). At each OTP, interviews were completed with the executive director, a clinical supervisor, and 2 direct-service clinicians. Topical interests were analyzed qualitatively in a cultural domain analysis. Likert ratings of training event preferences were analyzed via generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), and unstructured interviewee comments were analyzed via narrative analysis. Obstacles to training receipt were analyzed qualitatively with both content coding and narrative analysis. Results Based on topics of reported interest, cultural domain analysis suggests as ESTs of note: Multidimensional Family Therapy, Motivational Enhancement Therapy, Relapse Prevention Therapy, "Seeking Safety," and broad addiction-focused pharmacotherapy. Regarding training event preferences, GLMMs and narrative analysis revealed clear preferences for time-distributed trainings and use of participatory activities (e.g., trainer demonstrations, role plays, small group exercises). Content coding identified cost as the primary obstacle to receipt of EST trainings, followed by lack of time, logistical challenges, and disinterest, and narrative analysis elaborated on contextual issues underlying these obstacles. Conclusions As primary consumers of EST technologies, the treatment community has valuable input to offer. Dissemination efforts may be enhanced by greater consideration of their preferences for training content and event structure, as well as practical obstacles that challenge their receipt of training.


Using 3.5 G PAMAM as a stabilizing agent, Au nanoparticles have been prepared by reducing HAuCl4 with microwave irradiation. The influence of microwave irradiation at the same ratio of 3.5 G PAMAM to HAuCl4 for the different time and at the different ratio of 3.5 G PAMAM to HAuCl4 for the same time on Au nanoparticles ́size and shape has been studied. Au nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectra and TEM. At the same ratio of 3.5 G PAMAM to HAuCl4, the microwave irradiation time has a little influence on the Au nanoparticles ́size and shape, meanwhile more dispersed Au nanoparticles were obtained with the appropriate increase of reactive time. At the same irradiation time, bigger and more aggregative Au nanoparticles were acquired as the ratio of 3.5 G PAMAM to HAuCl4 was decreased.


We provide new techniques for the analysis of the expressive power of query languages for nested collections. These languages may use set or bag semantics and may be further complicated by the presence of aggregate functions. We exhibit certain classes of graphs and prove that properties of these graphs that can be tested in such languages are either finite or cofinite. This result settles the conjectures of Grumbach, Milo, and Paredaens that parity test, transitive closure, and balanced binary tree test are not expressible in bag languages like BALG of Grumbach and Milo and LQL of Libkin and Wong. Moreover, it implies that many recursive queries, including simple ones like test for a chain, cannot be expressed in a nested relational language even when aggregate functions are available. In an attempt to generalize the finite-cofiniteness result, we study the bounded degree property which says that the number of distinct inand out-degrees in the output of a graph query does not depend on the size of the input if the input is "simple." We show that such a property implies a number of inexpressibility results in a uniform fashion. We then prove the bounded degree property for the nested relational language.


Background: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are frequent among patients with chronic insomnia. Physical activity (PA) has a positive effect on both psychiatric disorders and insomnia and is promoted as a non-pharmacological preventive/treatment strategy. We aimed to assess the association between PA levels and sleep quality, the incidence of insomnia, symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleepiness, fatigue, and quality of life in a probabilistic sample of the general population.

Methods: 1,042 volunteers aged between 20 and 80 years old were analyzed in an eight-year cohort study - the Sao Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO 2007-2015), through polysomnography and questionnaires. The volunteers were assessed for their PA levels, perceived quality of life, daytime sleepiness, symptoms of depression and anxiety, fatigue, sleep quality and incidence of insomnia.

Outcomes: Physically active volunteers had a lower risk of developing moderate-severe insomnia compared with non-active individuals (RR=0·25, 95%CI=0·08-0·74). In addition, individuals with insomnia classified as physically active had a lower risk of developing depression symptoms compared with non-active individuals (RR=0·46, 95%CI=0·24-0·90), and a better perception of their quality of life.

Interpretation: Higher PA levels had a protective effect on the relative risk of developing symptoms of depression, and was associated with a better perception of quality of life in individuals with insomnia.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00596713)

Funding Statement: EPISONO study was supported by Associacao Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP). Authors grants: MMN (FAPESP: #2018/15921-8), RVTS (FAPESP: 2017/26563- 2), LB (CNPq 300674/2013-9), MLA (CNPq 303756/2017-9), HKMA (CNPq 310276/2017-9), ST (CNPq 306138/2017-4)

Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research of the Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo/Hospital Sao Paulo (CEP 0593/06). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.


Lyophilized ovalbumin irradiated with gamma rays so as to absorb 15, 30, and 60 electron volts per molecule of protein possessed molecules in various stages of structural degradation. The most severely damaged molecules precipitated at the isoelectric point of native ovalbumin. Less severely damaged molecules did not precipitate at the isoelectric point but exhibited different degrees of thermolability. The different stages of degradation of these thermolabile components were demonstrated by heatings at 50, 60, and 68 deg C and then precipitating them at the isoelectric point. Serological testing provided a sensitive means of detecting alteration of the protein molecule by irradiation. As the irradiation-altered molecules were removed, the serological activity of the protein remaining in the supernatants tended to approach the serological activity of the native ovalbumin. Whether or not the denatured fraction retained any serological activity at all is questionable. (auth)


The invention relates to the technical field of welding auxiliary equipment, in particular to a movable type flexible welding displacement working platform. The movable type flexible welding displacement working platform comprises a main frame, a lifting mechanism, a turnover mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein a hydraulic oil pump and a driving motor are fixedly connected with the main frame; the main frame is connected with the lifting mechanism through a hinge pin; the turnover mechanism is connected with one side of the main frame through another hinge pin; the control mechanism is arranged on the main frame. The movable type flexible welding displacement working platform can be used for automatically turning over a box-shaped steel structure workpiece, overcomes the difficulty of turning over the large steel structure workpiece, allows the vertical direction of the steel structure workpiece to be remained at any position, and brings convenience for welding operation of workers.


In vortex flowmeter, the signal is slim with large noises if the velocity of the fluid is low, and it can be detected by a signal processing method based on flow momentum. When the velocity increases, the method based on threshold comparision can be applied. Considering of the signal in the whole range, the paper will introduce a signal processing method applied both in the low frequency and in the high frequency.


We propose an age-space structured brucellosis model that includes diffusion
 with heterogeneous coefficients and a general nonlinear incidence rate. The
 renewal process is used to calculate the next generation operator, and the
 basic reproduction number R0 is defined by the spectral radius of the next
 generation operator. We prove that R0 governs the threshold dynamics of the
 brucellosis model: when R0 < 1 the disease dies out, and when R0 > 1 the
 disease persists.


In the current age of information society online blogs are increasingly used as discussion media. Such textual information is semi-structured at best, and it is difficult to extract the main stance of a blog entry with conventional methods. In this paper we propose a novel fuzzy approach for discovering the underlying opinion in a particular entry: given any topic or term, we come up with a number of related fuzzy measures, which are then aggregated to yield a resulting score. While this approach works best for binary cases, it can in principle be extended to any number categories. An application of this technique to a number of Albanian blogs and forums has shown promising results. Keywords: Text mining, Opinion mining, Fuzzy logic, Albanian language


Beautyworld offers a good snapshot of the German C & T market. Annemarie Kruse reports on the brands and opinions being aired at this year's event in Frankfurt, help slighthly earlier than usual


The goal of the research is to identify the statistical differences in the degree of the practice of supervisory competencies of the educational supervisor and the specialist from the point of view of teachers and teachers in the city of Mosul, and the descriptive analytical approach was relied on to suit it with the goals of the research, and the research community included teachers and teachers of physical education in government schools in the city of Mosul, Where the community included (827) teachers and teachers for sports education, including (583) male and female teachers and (244) teachers. As for the research sample, it was chosen in the random way (233), which constitutes (28%) of both sexes of the research community. The researchers used the analysis of sources, questionnaire and personal interview, and a questionnaire was prepared to assess the supervisory competencies of the educational supervisor from the point of view of physical education teachers, and the questionnaire in its final form is from (67) a paragraph divided into nine competencies and after confirming the scientific transactions of the questionnaire from the sincerity of the arbitrators and the sincerity of the internal consistency of the paragraphs and the constructive honesty The stability of the questionnaire was confirmed in two ways: the method of midterm retail and the method of alpha coloring laboratories, followed by the distribution of the questionnaire on the sample and its statistically addressed by the T.Test test, and the Levin test was one of the most important results reached by the research that there are no statistically indicative differences in the degree of supervisory competencies of the educational supervisor And the specialist from the point of view of teachers and teachers.