LiGaO 2 films have been grown on Si (100) substrates using a new single precursor [Li(OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ) 2 -Ga(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 under high vacuum conditions (5 x 10 - 6 Torr). The [Li(OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ) 2 Ga(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 was synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical composition, crystalline structure, and morphology of the deposited films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that polycrystalline LiGaO 2 films preferentially oriented in the [010] direction can be deposited on Si (100) at 500-550 °C by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The single precursor [Li(OCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 ) 2 -Ga(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 has been found suitable for chemical vapor deposition of LiGaO 2 thin films on Si substrates.


Techniques for observing the flow of people are
creating new means for observing the dynamics between people
and the environments they pass through. This ubiquitous connectivity
can be observed and interpreted in real-time, through
mobile device activity patterns. Recent research into urban
analysis through the use of mobile device usage statistics has
presented a need for the collection of this data independently
from mobile network operators. In this paper we demonstrate
that by extracting cumulative received signal strength indication
(RSSI) for overall mobile device transmissions, such information
can be obtained independently from network operators. We
present preliminary results and suggest future applications for
which this collection method may be used.


Seed is among the most key input for improving crop production and productivity. Increasing the quality of seeds can increase the yield potential of the crop by significant folds. In recent years seed has become an international commodity used to exchange germplasm around the world. Seed is, however, also an efficient means of introducing plant pathogens into a new area as well as providing a means of their survival from one cropping season to another.  Seed borne mycroflora are significant destroyers of food stuffs and grains during storage rendering them unfit for human consumption by retarding their nutritive value and often by producing mycotoxins. Seed-borne pathogens have been involved in seed rots during germination and seedling mortality leading to poor crop stand reduction in plant growth and productivity of crops. The seed-borne pathogens associated with seeds externally or internally may cause seed abortion, seed rot, seed necrosis, reduction or elimination of germination capacity, as well as seedling damage resulting in development of disease at later stages of plant growth by systemic or local infection. Infected seeds play considerable role in the establishment of economically important plant diseases in the field resulting in heavy reduction of crop yields. This paper presents the negative impact of seed borne fungi and their implication in food safety. It also discusses the detection mechanism and implies some management strategies that are implemented to reduce the loss due to seed borne fungi. Keywords : Disease, food safety, Mycotoxins, Pathogens, Seed,


: In the networked data, certain interconnected entities need to generate inferences. For example, for the interconnected web pages hyperlinks are available, the research papers have references and the conceivable terrorists can be linked through phone calls and accounts available in traced conversations. It is very common to find the ubiquitous nature of networks. There are social, financial, physical and transaction networks included in everyday lives of users. This research studies the models that define the influence of sensor nodes that are deployed in networks. Huge focus is presented on the models which help in predicting an important attribute based on the observed attributes. SVM classifier is applied on the collected data such that the data can be categorized as malicious or non-malicious.


Given the fact that every 19 hours a person from the LGBTTQ + community is murdered or suicidal in Brazil, this article aims to analyze the coverage and silencing of the demands of the LGBTTQ + community in television news. To this end, a case study was conducted with the largest broadcaster in Maranhao, TV Mirante. The corpus is composed of journalistic articles broadcasted by the three main news programs of the broadcaster, between 2015 and 2018. This study combine quantitative and qualitative methodological procedures to verify the silencing of news about this social group and its demands, in one of the brazilian states where most people in the LGBTTQ + community die.


371 traits aimed primarily at reproductive success and not good health, happiness or lon gevity. Hence, if negative emotions aided survival and reproductive success in the ancestral environment, they would have been selected for. It is safe to assume, for example, that humans in the ancestral environment who lacked the capacity for anxiety left either many fewer descendants or no descendants at all. The same logic may be applied to the capacity for low mood, although, compared to anxiety, the function of low mood remains less well-understood. Hence, evolutionists would argue that any understanding of the human emotional system in both its functional and dysfunctional states will remain incomplete without asking crucial questions as to why most humans have the capacity for anxiety, low mood and psychic pain that can be activated under a range of predictable circumstances. The additional dimension of evolutionary or ultimate causation enables asking "why" questions alongside the "how" questions that are focused on proximate causes, and this enables the construction of more accurate and complete models of biological systems. The advantages of evolutionary science also include the fact that it offers a functional understanding of behaviour, provides a way to think clearly about developmental influences, proposes a functional approach to emotions and their regulation, and importantly provides a foundation for a scientific classification sys tem. Unlike existing classification systems that are either deliberately atheoretical or syndromal (ICD and DSM) or take a bottom-up biological approach (Research Domain Criteria), evolutionary approaches to classification tend to utilize high-level organizing principles derived from evolutionary insights regarding the adaptive significance of various brain systems, while remaining compatible with existing classification systems. Importantly, an evolutionary approach to classification will prompt us to consider the functional significance of psychopathological signs and symptoms by comparing them with their evolved (adaptive) equivalents, alongside the current focus on symptomatology, candidate genes/biological markers and environmental risk factors. We suggest that the neglect of evolution can result in equating distress with disorder, which runs the risk that some negative but functional emotional states be misclassified as pathological, with negative consequences for individual patients. Evolutionists strongly emphasize the importance of context, especially in mood and anxiety disorders. It may be argued that the reduced emphasis on context in current approaches to classification has been instrumental in the controversial removal of the bereavement exclusion in DSM-5, thus enabling a diagnosis of major depression disorder two weeks after a major loss. We are mindful, however, of the concerns that a greater emphasis on context can have a detrimental effect on inter-rater reliability of diagnostic categories. Aside from the various theoretical and research benefits of evolutionary science, we propose that there are also potential benefits to patients in applying evolutionary insights in clinical settings. We would argue that an understanding of the emotional functionality – why they exist, in addition to in-depth knowledge of signs and symptoms – can result in greater clinical efficacy. Examples of evolutionary models useful in clinical settings include the "smoke detector principle" in patients with anxiety disorders and the harm prevention model in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The WPA Section on Evolutionary Psychiatry has held a number of symposia at WPA conferences (Madrid, 2014; Cape Town, 2016), and some of its members have been involved in producing textbooks in both psychiatry and medicine as a whole, as well as publishing research and theoretical articles. The Section actively collaborates with the Evolutionary Psychiatry Special Interest Group of the UK Royal College of Psychiatrists.


Outer corrosion control is the main content of pipeline management for the buried pipeline;also is the premise ensuring the pipeline work safely.This paper studied applied software of control Management and Evaluation System of Outer Corrosion for Buried Steel Pipeline based management pattern,check means and related criterion system of internal pipeline.It can apply in outer corrosion con-trol and Anti-corrosion situation assessment.It is also a part of the pipeline integrality.The software has been carried out in the scene at the first time and acquired a relatively satisfied result.


Let V(x) denote a potential in the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation, without bound states, for which (1) V(x)=0 for x<0 and (2) V(x) is piecewise continuous with adequate decay as x goes to infinity. We are interested in the problem of determining V given the reflectivity r(k)=|R(k)|, where R is the usual left-hand reflection coefficient. For very special classes of potentials it is known that r determines V uniquely. Here we show that under much more general (although still restrictive) assumptions, the location and magnitude of discontinuities of V can be determined from r. The nature of the restrictions is related to the behavior of R(k) for k in the upper half of the complex plane.


We generalize the variational block-spin methods developed earlier to show that spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetries and the associated massless Goldstone particles arise naturally within the context of strong-coupling lattice gauge theory. Our calculations show the importance of preserving continuous chiral symmetry when transcribing the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) of massless quarks onto the lattice. The meson sector is analyzed for both one and three spatial dimensions, and the criteria for recognizing Nambu-Goldstone phenomena are identified. The relation of these results to continuum QCD and to general properties of observed hadrons is also discussed.


Water-soluble hydroxybutyl chitosan(HBCS) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan(CS) with 1,2-butane oxidation in an alkali solution.The structure of HBCS was characterized by FT-IR and solid state 13C NMR,and the results prove that the hydroxybutyl has been successfully connected to chitosan molecular chain.The degree of hydroxybutyl substitution estimated by means of elemental ananlysis is 1.2.Besides,HBCS exhibited good water-solubility and could dissolve in aqueous solutions in a broader pH range.In comparison with CS,HBCS shows a poorer thermostability.This is because the modified reaction destroys the crystalline region of chitosan.Antibacterial activities of CS and the modified derivative were explored by turbidity method.The results show that HBCS exhibits antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,and with the increase of concentration,the antibacterial effect enhances obviously.It was found that the antimicrobial activity of HBCS is weaker than that of CS under the same mass concentrations.


Objective:To investigate the treatment with a combination of rhubarb and Octreotide forpatients with acute pancreatitis.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the 71 patients,who were treated in our department between October 2005 and October 2008.Forty patients(control group) received general treatment and the use of Octreotide,the other 31 patients(observation group) received both rhubarb-enchyma via gastric tube and clyster and before-mentioned therapeutics used to control group.The recovery of gastrointestinal functions,the content of amylase in serum and urine,hemogram,termly ultrasonic and CT examination were observed in the two group.Results: in the observation group,the average time to mitigate bellyache and the duration of fever were both shorter than those in the control group,P0.05.and the rate of took effect was higher than that in the control group,P0.05.Conclusion: the treatment with a combination of rhubarb and Octreotide is an effective therapy for symptom of patients with acute pancreatitis.


MEMS) in flight [lo]. The paper presents a preliminary investigation of potential configurations for the management of several aircraft flying in formation. Although no specific mention is made, tha main purpose of the study is to address formation flying in the general context of unmanned and/or unhabited airvehicles, and in the context of maintaining formation in the presence of system failures such as the loss of a component. The paper shows typical formation arrangements, and investigates redundancy of intervehicle information exchange based on minimum cost flux algorithms. In the present paper the main focus is on the investigation of possible formation structures, to be used in 'an operational environment, with emphasis on the optimization with respect to data information transfer among the elements (nodes) of the formation itself. The fmal objective is the capability of maintaining a formation in the presence of failure of one of the nodes, such as loss of an aircraft, with a high degree of autonomy and, possibly, without intervention from ground andfor command operators. Although the emphasis is on unmanned aircraft, the principle could be extended to automated manned formation flight as well.


Waves are the main factor inducing coastal erosion. The main objectives of this study are to investigate coastal erosion in a short period. Polarised TOPSAR and ERS-1 data are used for this purpose. ERS-1 data was taken in 8 August 1993 and polarised TOPSAR data was taken in 6 December 1996. The wave spectra refraction patterns are modeled from TOPSAR and ERS-1 data. The simulations of quasi-linear model and radon transform were used to model the shoreline change. The rate of shoreline change was modeled with a different date. The vectors of shoreline were used to find also the rate of shoreline change. The different methods used to detect shoreline change were compared by using a statistical model. The results show that the wave spectra extracted from ERS-1 ranged from 25 m to 200 m and moved from the southwest direction. The wave spectra extracted from polarised TOPSAR data show that a wave spectra wavelength is shorter compare to ERS-1 wave data. The wavelength modeled from polarised TOPSAR data ranged from 20 m to 170 m and moved from northeast direction. The different wave spectra patterns induced a different pattern of wave refraction. The rate of erosion modeled from ERS-1 data is less than 1 m/y. The rate of erosion modeled from TOPSAR data is 1.4 m/y. The statistical model shows that radon transfer model has a good correlation with wave spectra model and vectors of shoreline rate change. The coastal erosion occurred due to the change of wave spectra refraction pattern. The radon transform could be used as new method to detect a shoreline change from remotely sensed data.


The complexity ofcomputing 3D workspaces forjoint limited redundant manipulators is examined. Different types of reachable workspace volume and reachable workspace boundary problems are defined. Each type of volume problem is at least as hard as its corresponding type of boundary problem and each problem type is at least NP hard. New efficient and adaptive workspace point computation techniques are proposed (e. g. based on nonlinear programming) after complexity analyses of the corresponding decision problems.


The invention provides a mobile terminal with a chip card connector. The mobile terminal comprises a casing and the chip card connector, the casing comprises sidewalls and a base plate, and one of the sidewalls is provided with a button hole. The chip card connector comprises a pallet, a lock portion, a push rod, a push rod fixing part and a push-out portion, the pallet is provided with a slot for accommodating an electronic chip card, the lock portion locks the pallet on the base plate, the push rod comprises a push rod body, a button and a first hook, the button and the hook are placed at the two ends of the push body respectively, and a button penetrates out of the button hole. The push rod fixing part limits the push rod body on the base plate and the push rod body can only move along the axial direction, the push-out portion is placed at the side, far from the sidewalls, of the pallet, and comprises a connecting rod and a telescopic rack connected to the connecting rod, the end, close to the push rod, of the connecting rod is provided with a second hook, and when the pallet is fixed, the second hoop is buckled with the first hook. The button is pressed so that the second hook is disengaged from the first hook, the pallet slides out of the opening due to the elastic restoring force of the telescopic rack, and the pallet is unlocked. The mobile terminal is simple in structure, and provides convenience for users.


Leigh syndrome is a classical mitochondrial cytopathy with multisystemic presentation that can lead to death in the first few years of life; however, cases in adults have also been reported. In this study, we report the case of an adolescent female presenting with writer's cramp associated with the MT-ND5 gene mutation, diagnosed after observation of brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biochemical changes suggestive of mitochondrial cytopathy. The patient responded to botulinum toxin injection. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first case report on focal dystonic presentation associated with the MT-ND5 gene mutation (with unclear pathogenicity) as a mild form of Leigh syndrome in adolescents.


The Niger Delta region is one of the major regions in Nigeria where the oil spillage is prevalent. Over the years, several laws have been passed with a view to abating the menace. Despite the existence of these enactments, the problem of oil spillage persists. This paper examines selected legal legislations pertaining to the regulation, control and management of the Nigerian oil industry with a view to identifying inherent gaps for possible amendment and reform. Using the doctrinal method of research, this piece identifies areas in the relevant laws that need to be modified to effectively curb the problem of oil spillage in the Niger Delta region. It is shown that the inability of the relevant laws to abate the problem of oil spillage in Nigeria is a direct consequence of the gaps in the laws which fails take into consideration current realities in terms of imposition of adequate/stiffer penalties for environmental crimes particularly those perpetuated by corporate bodies. To this end, the need to overhaul the relevant laws and bring it up to speed with contemporary challenges is a necessary condition to ensuring that the problem of oil spillage becomes a thing of the past. Among other suggestions therefore, this contribution calls for the amendment of Section 102 of the Petroleum Industry Act to make the provision of an environmental management plan a mandatory requirement for the grant of a license or lease. It is contended also, that the punishment section of the Harmful Waste (Special Criminal Provisions) Act should be more specific with respect to the particular punishment to be meted on violators. The exclusion of the oil and gas sector by Sections 7 and 8 of the National Environmental Standards Regulation Enforcement Agency Act works a great disservice to the overall utility of the Act and should forthwith be amended to cover these critical sectors which are a major contributor to the menace of oil spillage.


This study applies a newly developed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) test for threshold cointegration, proposed by Li and Lee (2010) to test the validity of long-run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for a sample of East Asian countries from January 1986 to October 2009. Empirical results indicate that PPP holds true for all the countries studied, with the exception of Japan and Philippines, and the long-run PPP adjustment process towards its equilibrium is asymmetric. Our results have important policy implications for these East Asian countries under study.


The refrigerating machine based on lithium bromide has been introduced into circulationg system of humid air tubine (HAT) to cool the inlet air of compressor and the interstage cooling part ,enhancing the thermal efficiency of HAT,improving the influence of atmospheric temperature variation upon circulatory performance of HAT.


Competition between non-covalent catalysts and/or inhibitors helps quantitative investigation in crown ether formation, and promises to be a useful tool when dealing with associated reactive substrates in general.


Objective To observe the effects of phloroglucinol on threatened abortion treatment.Methods 120 patients pregnancy from 5-20 weeks were divided into 4 groups,compared each groups the inpatient days,on time of therapy,the drug efficiency and the spontaneous abortion rate.To determine the effects of phloroglucinol on threatened abortion treatment.Results From the clinical study,we found that the study group's average inpatient days are shorter than the control group,the drug efficiency are higher than the control group,and the spontaneous abortion rate are lower than the control group.Conclusion The phloroglucinol used on threatened abortion treatment can improve the patients' outcome.It has the clinical value.


The article presents the results of research the ecological condition of the air on the concentrations of the investigated elements (H2S, SO2, NO2, CO) in three nearby villages to Karachaganak. Identify the negative impact of oil and gas industry on the environment. Established a different degree of contaminants (H2S, SO2, NO2, CO) in the air samples studied villages.
Keywords: .


In this study, a formulation and technique are developed to be used for cattle carcass decontamination prior to removal of hide in a commercially preferred time-frame to ensure meat safety and byproduct quality. This formulation offers deep cleaning on carcass surface by removing debris including manure/mud balls which are firmly attached to the hair of animal hide harboring pathogens like Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Survival of such pathogens can facilitate cross-contamination of the underlying meat and meat-processing equipment in the packing plant posing a challenge to the meat industry as well as public-health. Also, the attached adobe type mud/manure balls have potential to create holes on the hide during leather processing which degrades byproduct's quality. Formulation was sprayed on cattle's hide and the attached debris were brushed off from the surface. The formulation was found very efficient in cleaning the hide surface both at 5 and 8 min treatments. The highest of aerobic, Escherichia coli and Salmonella populations were reduced by 8.71, 3.63 and 3.19 Log CFU/50 in 2 , respectively when compared to water-wash. The efficacy of formulation can be optimized by adjusting its concentration and treatment time. Post-leather analysis showed no detrimental impact on byproduct caused by the formulation.


tative opus covering the history, theory, and technology of the kind of training it pioneered. Most of the materials previously available on the human relations laboratory method were either published in fairly esoteric journals or as fugitive pieces; this extensive 500-page volume was edited carefully to give as much coherence as is possible in a work produced by twelve different people and is virtually encyclopedic in scope.


The sputter target includes a tantalum body having tantalum grains formed from consolidating tantalum powder and a sputter face. The sputter face has an atom transport direction for transporting tantalum atoms away from the sputter face for coating a substrate. The tantalum grains have at least a 40 percent (222) direction orientation ratio and less than a 15 percent (110) direction orientation ratio in an atom transport direction away from the sputter face for increasing sputtering uniformity.


A major challenge in tissue engineering is the generation of cell-seeded implants with structures that mimic native tissue, both in anatomic geometries and intratissue cell distributions. By combining the strengths of injection molding tissue engineering with those of Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF), three-dimensional preseeded implants were fabricated without custom-tooling, enabling efficient production of patient-specific implants. The incorporation of SFF technology also enabled the fabrication of geometrically complex, multiple-material implants with spatially heterogeneous properties that would otherwise be challenging to produce. Utilizing a custom-built robotic SFF platform and gel deposition tools, alginate hydrogel was used with calcium sulfate as a crosslinking agent to produce pre-seeded living implants of arbitrary geometries. The process was determined to be sterile and viable at 94±5%. The GAG and hydroxyproline production was found to be similar to that of other implants fabricated using the same materials with different shaping methods. The geometric fidelity of the process was quantified by using the printing platform as a Computerized Measurement Machine (CMM); the RMS surface roughness of printed samples in the z-dimension was found to be 0.16±0.02 mm. INTRODUCTION A major challenge in tissue engineering is the generation of cell-seeded implants with structures that mimic native tissue, both in anatomic geometries and * Daniel L. Cohen, Evan Malone, Hod Lipson, Lawrence J. Bonassar; Cornell University, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Ithaca NY; Cornell University, Computing and Information Science, Ithaca NY; Cornell University, Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca NY.


Placenta succenturiate is a morphological abnormality of the placenta where one or more of the lobes are present outside
the placental body. These can have different sizes and are connected by blood vessels to the main placenta. The accessory
lobe develops from the chorionic villi that did not involute from the mild chorion. The estimated incidence worldwide is 1.04%. This entity has
been associated with two main risk factors, advanced maternal age and women who have undergone in vitro fertilization. case report: Herein, we
report a case of pregnancy with an incidental nding of succenturiate lobe of placenta in a 30-year G2P1L1 at 38 weeks +6 days' gestation
presented to our emergency with pain in lower abdomen. she was admitted in the labor room where she delivered a healthy male baby. The
placenta was delivered out along with membranes intoto by controlled cord traction. It had a small accessory lobe, a size of two cotyledons in the
membranes at a distance from the main placenta. This accessory lobe had vascular connections with the main placenta. Conclusion: the
succenturiate placenta is a morphological abnormality, and is generally diagnosed in the postpartum period, but the ultrasonography guided
recognition of which in the antenatal period is important. This variety of placenta carries many risks that can compromise the health and life of
both the fetus and the mother


Analyzes the certain insufficient of existing personnel management information system,and proposes the goal of the human resource management information system,and proposes that using the integration of the information systems to realize the system.Designs the logical model and the function modules of the system,discusses the information systems integration technology which has been used to realize the system,such as SOA and data warehouse.


RF Voltage transformers operating in one of the ISM frequency bands have recently been demanded in emerging low-power applications, such as wake-up radios in wireless networks, remotely triggered switches, stand-by units in home electronics, etc. Here we propose the use of two-port S0 Lamb wave resonators (LWR) as passive voltage transformers incorporated into a microsystem for the detection of low amplitude RF signals. LWR transformers based on the technologically simplest single-side IDT architecture are developed with care to impedance matching and voltage gain boosting. Design approaches are discussed in view of the limits imposed by the relatively low electromechanical couplings achievable with the single-side IDT architectures. Finally, 423 MHz LWR transformers with edge-reflectors and tetherless design are designed, fabricated and characterized.


Especially throughout the book of Matthew, Jesus is given to ending various parables with the quip, "He who has ears, let him hear," which in turn provokes the disciples to ask, "Why do you speak to them in parables?" Jesus replies, "This is why I speak to them in parables, because seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not hear, nor do they understand." Later, he adds, "But blessed are your eyes, for they see, and your ears, for they hear."' While it may seem out of character for Jesus to bait his audience this way, he is actually practicing a time-honored tradition of esoteric reference. Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett documents a modern instance of the tradition in her


In this paper, we consider b-family equations with a strong dispersive term. First, we present a criterion on blow-up. Then global existence and persistence property of the solution are also established. Finally, we discuss infinite propagation speed of this equation.


The invention relates to a system for measuring and monitoring the perpendicularity of a lattice column in building engineering in real time. The laser positioning measurement device is used for measuring data and can be accurately positioned on a measured object by a laser; and the data output device is connected with the laser positioning measurement device by a data line, receives the measured data transmitted by the laser positioning measurement device in real time, and carries out relevant calculation on the data to be used as monitoring reference data. The system for measuring and monitoring the perpendicularity of the lattice column in the building engineering in real time has high working efficiency, precision and performance, realizes monitoring automation and is not only suitable for measuring the perpendicularity and monitoring the perpendicular precision of the steel lattice column, but also suitable for measuring absolute inclined angles of various objects with (without) reference installation surfaces.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leverage, firm size, dividend policy and profitability of the company on firm value. The company's value in this study is proxied by Price Book Value (PBV). Population of this research are manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique and the total sample of 129 companies for three years in accordance with the criteria. Analysis techniques using classic assumption test and multiple regression analysis. Based on the research result in the regression model in mind a few things, as follows: (1) variable leverage has no effect on the value of the company, (2) variable size companies have a effect on firm value, (3) variable dividend policy influence the value of the company, (4) variable profitability influence the value of the company.
Keywords: leverage, size of the company, dividend policy, profitability, the company's value


We developed a stacked CMOS image sensor overlaid with a thin-film gallium oxide (Ga2O3)/crystalline selenium (c-Se) heterojunction photodiode. Uniform c-Se films laminated on the CMOS circuits were fabricated through a low-temperature (200 °C) tellurium-diffused crystallization process. This stacking structure has several advantages, such as a high aperture ratio, low crosstalk, and high sensitivity. We successfully controlled the size of the polycrystalline particles to much smaller than the pixel size of the image sensors by adjusting the thickness of the c-Se films. Therefore, we herein present the first high-resolution images obtained with such a device. Furthermore, the dark current, which is induced by the carrier injection from an external electrode, was significantly reduced by employing a wide bandgap Ga2O3 film as a high hole-injection barrier.


Tanjung Karang Pusat (TKP) District of Bandar Lampung City has an area of 303 hectares and there are several slum areas that can cause damage to sanitation in watersheds and reduce the aesthetic value of Bandar Lampung City spatial planning. The purpose of this study is to determine the level and factors causing slum settlements and provide recommendations as solutions. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method and a field survey was conducted to obtain factual data regarding the distribution of slum settlements. The final result of this study is a map of the distribution of slum settlements in TKP District covering an area of 32.79 hectares (ha). The dominant factor causing slums is in the Waste Water Management variable with a total value of 35. The recommendation to overcome the problem is the Communal Septic Tank which is obtained from the calculation of the dimensions of the septic tank with the lowest number of users being 20 people and the highest user being 715 people.


In this paper a low voltage low power field programmable analog array (FPAA) is realized. The FPAA configurable analog block (CAB) design is based on three-bit digitally controlled fully differential current conveyor. The FPAA consists of seven CABs. The CABs are directly connected together without adding extra hardware by placing them in a hexagonal lattice arrangement. A variable gain amplifier, tunable second-order low-pass filter, and a tunable second-order band-pass filter are realized as an application for the FPAA. The FPAA total power consumption is 105.12 mW at 1 V supply. The FPAA is realized using IBM 90 nm CMOS technology model from MOSIS under voltage supply of ±0.5 V.


The main objective was to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise and sensitive ion-pair spectrophotometric extraction method for the assay of Ornidazole in pure drug and tablets. The method is based upon reduction of ornidazole and reaction of reduced ornidazole with orcinol to form yellow coloured ornidazole-orcinol complex. The colored complex obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 10-60 μg/ml at λmax of 420 nm. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q 2. The recovery studies confirmed the accuracy and precision of the method. The above method was a rapid tool for routine analysis of Ornidazole in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.


This paper discusses the possible uses of economic analysis for strategic planning decisions in firms. It proposes an approach which emphasizes the role of common knowledge for decentralized parallel decision processes. Planning is interpreted as an interactive process among a set of agents who use a plan to formalize a theory of action and an invalidating procedure. In the course of action the agents are supposed to cope with uncertainty as long as the chosen theory remains justified, This approach has strong connections with some recent trends in managerial economics and in particular with the current work in the production sphere which similarly illuminates the role of common knowledge through obiective physical flows to promote global efficiency of the firm.


It is Tuesday afternoon and Refilwe leaves her job as a cleaner to begin her two-hour journey to her home in the Pretoria urban area of Mamelodi. After the minibus taxi drops her off a few streets from her home, she stops to buy vegetables from the street vendors at the taxi rank, before visiting a spaza store – a small-scale informal convenience store – to buy tea, sugar and more food for her family's dinner; she is already planning a trip to the large supermarket on the outskirts of her residential area on the weekend. What is available for her to purchase at each of these venues? Imported rice, local white bread or traditional maize? Packaged biscuits, processed snack foods, or fruit and vegetables? What factors underlie her decisions to buy certain foods from different venues? What factors constrain or enable her to consistently source healthy food for her family?


Low-temperature plasmas play an essential role in the manufacturing of integrated circuits which are ubiquitous in modern society. In recent years, these top-down approaches to materials processing have reached a physical limit. As a result, alternative approaches to materials processing are being developed that will allow the fabrication of nanoscale materials from the bottom up. The aim of our research is to develop a new class of plasmas, termed "microplasmas" for nanomaterials synthesis. Microplasmas are a special class of plasmas formed in geometries where at least one dimension is less than 1 mm. Plasma confinement leads to several unique properties including high-pressure stability and non-equilibrium that make microplasams suitable for nanomaterials synthesis. Vapor-phase precursors can be dissociated to homogeneously nucleate nanometer-sized metal and alloyed nanoparticles. Alternatively, metal salts dispersed in liquids or polymer films can be electrochemically reduced to form metal nanoparticles. In this talk, I will discuss these topics in detail, highlighting the advantages of microplasma-based systems for the synthesis of well-defined nanomaterials.


The reactions of [MnIII(L4a)Cl] or [MnIII(L4b)Cl] with [Pt(SCN)6]2− resulted in the formation of a 1D polymeric complex [{Mn(L4a)}2{μ-Pt(SCN)6}]n (1) and a trinuclear compound [{Mn(L4b)(H2O)}2{μ-Pt(SCN)6}] (2), where L4a and L4b are tetradentate dianionic Schiff base ligands, H2L4a = N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylimine) and H2L4b = N,N′-3-methylbenzenebis(3-ethoxysalicylimine). In compound 1, the adjacent [Mn(L4a)]+ subunits are bound together through the phenolic oxygen atoms, thus forming [{Mn(L4a)}2]2+ dimers with the shortest Mn⋯Mn distance of 3.2101(5) A, while in compound 2, the intermolecular bifurcated O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the neighbouring molecules form [{Mn(L4b)(H2O)}2]2+ dimers, resulting in a supramolecular 1D chain structure. The Mn⋯Mn distance within the supramolecular dimer is 4.7007(9) A, while the shortest Mn⋯Mn distance between the dimers is 9.2347(10) A. The magnetic analyses comprising the zero-field splitting resulted in a ferromagnetic exchange interaction within the phenolato-bridged dimer in 1 (J = +1.73 cm−1, DMn = −2.65 cm−1) and the antiferromagnetic exchange interaction within the supramolecular dimer in 2 (J = −0.88 cm−1, DMn = −3.06 cm−1). The experimental findings regarding the dominant as well as negligible exchange pathways are in good agreement with the results from DFT calculations at the B3LYP/TZVP level of theory.


Up till now the EI (Elastic Impedance) and EEI (Extended Elastic Impedance) approaches have been applied exclusively to CI (Coloured Inversion) data of pairs of angle stacks or an intercept and gradient stack. This paper introduces a simple re-casting of the EI and EEI methods that allows the procedure to be applied directly to calibrated model based pre-stack seismic inversion data. A key advantage of the approach is that it only requires Zp and Zs as inputs (density is not required) and can therefore be applied to the vast majority of pre-stack inversion data volumes that have already been created. Additionally log and elastic impedance values are directly comparable as the seismic data is in the impedance domain whereas CI volumes are still in the reflectivity domain.


This study's objective was to investigate the Cuc Phuong National Park (CPNP) residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and their level of support for tourism development in their areas. In April 2008, survey data were collected in 5 communes in CPNP. It was found that, in general, the surveyed residents perceived tourism impacts positively, especially the socio-cultural environmental impacts, and strongly supported tourism development. The study also revealed that residents' socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender) and residents' perceptions of tourism impacts (that is, whether they perceived positive/negative socio-cultural and environmental impacts) were likely to predict their level of support for tourism development in CPNP. As expected, the study reconfirmed the usefulness of the social exchange theory in explaining the residents' perceptions of tourism impacts and their support for tourism development. Based on these findings, the concluding part discusses the study's implications and provides suggestions for the future.


ABSTRACT Scheelite is a typical tungsten-containing mineral and usually co-exists with calcite in deposits. The flotation separation of scheelite from calcite is a hard work in mineral processing. In this paper, pyrogallol, a by-product of humic acid decomposition was utilized as a depressant in flotation separation of scheelite from calcite. Flotation tests on singe mineral and mixed binary mineral were conducted. The results show that using pyrogallol as depressant can realize the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite by controlling pulp pH in 7.0–8.5. Zeta potential measurements and FTIR studies were performed to define the depression mechanism of pyrogallol on calcite. The results show that the pyrogallol depresses calcite flotation through complex adsorption and H bond adsorption on calcite surface.


We characterized the enzymic properties of ADP-ribosyl cyclase in rat parotid acinar cells by using a fluorescence technique. ADP-ribosyl cyclase is capable of synthesizing the Ca#+mobilizing nucleotide cADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+ and has previously been shown to be regulated by cGMP via a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (Gkinase).We therefore investigated whether NO}cGMP-activated pathways are present in rat parotid acinar cells and whether NO}cGMP signalling exerts control over cellularCa#+ signalling processes.Our results showed that stimulation of acinar cells with adrenaline, isoproterenol, substance P and NO resulted in a rise in the [cGMP]. In addition, NO induced a release of Ca#+ from intracellular ryanodine-


membership and priorities in action between these different groups. Nowhere does the author provide any detailed individual cases which might clarify these issues. Indeed, the information itself often appears contradictory; to take one example, although Zanaki are repeatedly described as patrilineal, a man is said to inherit the widow of his mother's brother. The last quarter of the text attempts a theoretical comparison of generation-sets and age-sets in much of East Africa. This exhibits the author's weaknesses in formulating useful problems in social anthropology. The nomenclature and most superficially formalistic aspects of these systems are cited and compared, but the complex and dynamic interrelations between the factors of age and kin categorizations, chronology, economy, and varying features of birth-rate and demography are never even mentioned, much less related to broader theoretical issues. This little book contains many useful ethnographic facts, but with a better appreciation of notions of theory and structure the author might have provided a more valuable contribution to the literature. T. O. BEIDELMAN


We present a comparative study of semipolar (1122) and polar (0001) (In,Ga)N/GaN light emitting diodes grown simultaneously under equal conditions by metalorganic vapor deposition. These structures are grown on 2-in. GaN templates with two different (1122) and (0001) orientations. The templates were formerly obtained by MOCVD, on (1010) m-plane and (0001) c-plane sapphire substrates. The semipolar quantum wells exhibit a 30% higher indium content compared to the polar quantum wells. This was confirmed by complementary X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements on thick (∼60 nm) InGaN layers grown on (1122) and (0001) GaN templates. The results of electroluminescence and photocurrent show that the emission of semipolar QWs is strongly red-shifted with respect to the band edge. This large Stokes' shift is attributed to carrier localization at potential minima induced by indium composition fluctuations. A strong blueshift under forward DC injection is observed for the semipolar (Ga,In)N diodes. Since a reduced piezoelectric field is expected in the semipolar diodes, the observed blueshift is mainly due to carrier filling of the localized states.


In this study, we present a novel method for removing smoke from videos based on a single image sequence. Smoke is a significant artifact in images or videos because it can reduce the visibility in disaster scenes. Our proposed method for removing smoke involves two main processes: (1) the development of a smoke imaging model and (2) smoke removal using spatio-temporal pixel compensation. First, we model the optical phenomena in natural scenes including smoke, which is called a smoke imaging model. Our smoke imaging model is developed by extending conventional haze imaging models. We then remove the smoke from a video in a frame-by-frame manner based on the smoke imaging model. Next, we refine the appearance of the smoke-free video by spatio-temporal pixel compensation, where we align the smoke-free frames using the corresponding pixels. To obtain the corresponding pixels, we use SIFT and color features with distance constraints. Finally, in order to obtain a clear video, we refine the pixel values based on the spatio-temporal weightings of the corresponding pixels in the smoke-free frames. We used simulated and actual smoke videos in our validation experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that our method can obtain effective smoke removal results from dynamic scenes. We also quantitatively assessed our method based on a temporal coherence measure. key words: moving camera, smoke imaging model, smoke removal, spatiotemporal pixel compensation, video processing


Numerous pathogenic fungi attack plants, cause diseases and harm the plants. These incidents have become a chief dilemma and its management is very essential. Conventional breeding approaches are incapable to reduce this problem so methods of transgenic technologies are applied. Many genes have been introduced into plants and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been achieved. These strategies include transferring genes that express proteins, peptides or antifungal compounds that are directly toxic to fungal pathogens or that inhibit or decrease their growth. The transgenic gene products directly halt pathogen virulence factors or activate plant structural defense genes which enhance regular plant defense responses. In addition to these, biotechnological strategies involving pathogenesis related proteins, ribosome inactivating proteins, viral proteins, and degradation of fungal mycotoxins are also used. In this review all these steps are elaborated and recent progress in fungal diseases control are highlighted with explicit examples.


Objective: To study the early intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 713 COPD patients, with pulmonary function test recorded during the past 10 years, divided into 3 groups with mild, moderate, and severe degree based on both the staging criteria of COPD in Chinese Medical Association and that of the traditional pulmonary function insufficiency, were studied retrospectively. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: There were 114 cases of mild COPD, 200 cases of moderate COPD and 399 cases of severe COPD, occupying 15.9 %, 28 % and 55.9 % of the total samples respectively. Conclusion: The proportion of mild degree COPD patients that received management was very low, which was not beneficial to the prevention and therapy of COPD. The emphasis of early intervention should put on the patients with mild or moderate so as to reduce the occurrence of severe COPD.


Abstract Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) are untethered submarine robots that can be used to carry out deepwater mapping and seabed-characterization surveys (seafloor to 150-m depth). AUV surveys are used in the marine petroleum industry for various exploration, environmental, geohazard, and engineering applications. Typically, AUVs are launched from a mother ship. They execute a preprogrammed survey pattern and are recovered, and the survey data are downloaded for analysis. Data on water depth, geomorphology, stratigraphy, and structure ranging downward to 150 m below the seafloor routinely are collected using a variety of sensing technology. Principal survey tools include a multibeam echo sounder to provide water column, bathymetric, and seafloor-reflectivity data; a side-scan sonar to provide high-resolution seafloor imagery; and a subbottom profiler (1- to 24-kHz seismic-reflection tool) to show subseafloor stratigraphy and structural features. Other AUV survey tools can include still cameras, li...


ABSTRACT The phase separation of a thin film of the binary composite of Ni and C60 has been studied using laser illumination of the sample through an array of pinholes (with a diameter of 10-µm and 60-µm × 80-µm spacing). The mesh with pinholes enabled splitting of the probing beam into an array of close-spaced laser micro-beams. The simultaneous illumination of the composite, with a set of micro-beams, resulted in a fast phase separation of the hybrid matter and an occurrence of unusual laser-induced periodic surface structures – a net of complex Ni and C allotropes (C60 and amorphous C) concentric rings and a fine array of the C60 – based islands, regularly distributed over the Ni + C60 thin film matrix. The results confirmed the high proclivity of the hybrid Ni + C60 composites to a correlated separation of the Ni and C-allotrope phases.


Nowadays, producing high voltage ultra-narrow bipolar pulse is considered in many applications. Considering the antenna or load, a bipolar pulse generator has many advantages compared to a unipolar pulse generator. Therefore, a high-power bipolar pulse generator has become a goal in the field of pulsed power. To achieve this goal, producing a bipolar pulse from a unipolar pulse is an important issue. Blumlein pulse generator is a widely used bipolar pulse generator with good performance. One of the issues in this pulse generator is the effect of spark gaps' shape on the waveform of the output pulse. In this paper, a Blumlein bipolar pulse former has been considered, simulated and analyzed with different spark gap types. The effect of parasitic capacitance of these spark gaps in the transmission lines has been considered. The results of simulations can be used to design a bipolar pulse generator with acceptable output voltage waveform.


o-Nitrotoluene condensed with diethyl oxalate under sodium ethoxide,and then the products synthetized o-nitroophenylacetic acid by the reactions of hydrolysis,oxidation by hydrogen peroxide,acidification by hydrochloric.The reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonal tests,and effects of investigation factors including the mole ratio of o-nitrotoluene to diethyl oxalate,condensation reaction time and oxidation temperature of hydrogen peroxide on the key variables of yield with yield as index,and the optimal synthetic conditions for o-nitroophenylacetic acid as follows: the molar ratio of o-nitrotoluene to diethyl oxalate was 1∶1.3,condensation reaction time was 2.5h,condensation temperature was 50℃ and oxidation temperature of hydrogen peroxide was 10—20℃.


The tridentate Schiff base ligand derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde and dl-tyrosine, in the presence of pyridine, forms a square-pyramidal five-coordinate Cu complex, [Cu(C16H13NO4)(C5H5N)(H2O)], with a water molecule occupying the apical site.


This work aims to investigate how the public policies for high-performance sport can leverage sport as a social mechanism, verifying what public policy makers, athletes, and managers, in the specific case, think of the Sailing Sport. This work also seeks to verify the divergences of ideas and thoughts of the two coalition groups identified in the research, those who support Federal Government investment in base sports and those who defend the Federal Government 's investment in high- performance sports. The research was carried out with actors involved in the management of the Sailing sport, among them managers of the Confederation, Sports Club, Athletes, representative of the Sport Ministry, representative of the Olympic Committee of Brazil and a journalist who has experience with sport. A qualitative research was made, starting from a semi - structured script, in order to to find answers to the questions of object of the study. Alongside with the research, it was verified that there is satisfaction with the role played by the Sports Ministry, and different perceptions about the investment application of the Federal Government in the Brazilian sport.


This paper compares filtering methods used for localization of an underwater robot: Kalman filter and particle filter. Kalman filter and particle filter are major filters for estimation of robot pose on the ground. They are adapted for underwater robot localization. While Kalman filter can be used for linear or linearized processes and measurement system, the particle filter can be used for nonlinear systems. Also, the uncertainty of Kalman filter is restricted to Gaussian distribution, while the particle filter can deal with non-Gaussian noise distribution. In cases where abrupt sensor noise is rarely observed, both filters work fairly well. However, when sensor noise exhibits jerky error, Kalman filter results in location estimation with hopping while particle filter still produces robust localization. The paper also compares performance of these filters under various measurement uncertainty and process uncertainty. The methods are compared and verified through experiments.


This paper has been changed to Open Access following the request of the authors. The online version of this paper is now available as Open Access.


This article describes the evolution of Japanese automobile navigation systems. It outlines the goals of government programs for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) infrastructure support. It traces the development of automobile navigation through several generations in Japan and describes examples of various versions of systems. It also compares developments in Japan with trends in Europe and North America.


The novel complex trans-Cu(hfac)2(TTF-py)2 (hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; TTF-py = 4-(2-tetrathiafulvalenyl-ethenyl)pyridine) in which the paramagnetic transition metal and the organic donor are covalently linked through a conjugated bridge is synthesized and characterized aiming at a new approach for the occurrence of π−d interactions in conducting and magnetic molecule-based materials.


Though there is limited body of knowledge on the relationship between Entrepreneurship Information and the fostering of entrepreneurial culture, poor information have been found to impact on the ability of the new firm to survive in the first few years of startup even highly confident entrepreneurs who sought less information were found by prior studies to be less successful.Hence, there is much emphasis on the gathering and utilization of external information by individuals who are interested in entrepreneurship.Using a descriptive analysis, this paper examines the impact of information provided by governmental sources on the development of entrepreneurial culture in Southern Nigeria.Findings reveal that to some extent, entrepreneurship information provided by governmental sources does aid in the development of three constituent of entrepreneurial culture on individuals in Southern Nigeria with important recommendations for policy making


The triacetate of the antibiotic lysolipin (1) crystallizes in the space group P21, a = 11.059, b = 21.453, c = 8.423 A, β = 109.76°. X-ray analysis was used to determine the structure of this compound.


Three cases of contact dermatitis caused by Maneb, manganous‐ethylene‐bis (dithiocarbamate), are described. Maneb is used as an agricultural fungicide, and is also used in spraying solutions in horticulture and in flower shops. Patch testing with Maneb‐related compounds revealed no regular pattern of cross sensitization.


The utility model relates to a clockwork energy storing box device which aims at solving the problems that the existing device has a complex structure and poor performance, and comprises an energy storing output shaft. Two ends of the energy storing output shaft are respectively assembled with a clockwork box cover and a clockwork box gear by bearings, and a clockwork box is fixedly installed between the clockwork box cover and the clockwork box gear; the outer end of a coil-spring-type clockwork is fixedly connected with the clockwork box, and the inner end of the coil-spring-type clockwork is fixedly connected the energy storing output shaft; and an axial notch is made on the outer periphery of the clockwork box, and the outer end of the coil-spring-type clockwork extends out of the notch and is fixedly connected on the outer wall of the clockwork box at the axial notch. The clockwork energy storing device has the advantages of being simple in structure and convenient to mount and dismount, enabling a coil spring to be installed smoothly, reducing the breaking factors due to the deformation at two ends of the coil spring, having reliable performance, good reliability, high energy storing efficiency, and being convenient to operate.


Abstract Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer and a promissing feedstock for the generation of renewable aromatic chemicals. We present an fundamental approach for the electrocatalytic cleavage of lignin dissolved in a recoverable, inexpensive ionic liquid using mixed metal oxide electrodes of different compositions. The distribution of depolymerization products generated by electrochemical oxidation were analyzed by means of mass spectrometry. The distribution and yield of the cracked species was found to depended strongly on the implemented metal catalyst and therefore offers the potential to tailor the amount and composition of the low molecular weight cleavage products. This approach could help to provide a more sustainable valorization of lignin for the potential production of high value aromatic compounds due to synergistic effects.


In the article the problematics of formation of legal values, formed in different historical stages and in different states, but having both general regularities and the features conditioned by the level of socio-political, economic, spiritualcultural, moral development, development of democratic institutions of power, civil society and the rule of law are considered. The complex understanding of the process of formation of legal life and legal field in society and state is generalized and formulated. We analyze the existing approaches to the understanding of the process of legal regulation and their evaluation in the general system of legal values through the prism of such philosophical and legal phenomenon as justice.


Simple Summary Frailty including physical inactivity is associated with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the effects of in-hospital exercise on frailty in patients with HCC. This was a multi-center observational study. Patients with HCC were classified into exercise (n = 114) and non-exercise (n = 67) groups. The exercise group was treated with a mixture of aerobic and resistance exercises (20–40 min/day, median four days). Frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI). In multivariate analysis, exercise (odds ratio (OR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.240–4.570, p = 0.0091) as an independent factor for the improvement of LFI. In the decision-tree analysis, exercise was identified as an initial classifier associated with the improvement of LFI. We demonstrated that in-hospital exercise improved frailty in patients with HCC, which was confirmed by propensity score matching analysis. Thus, in-hospital exercise may be beneficial for improving physical function in patients with HCC. Abstract Frailty including physical inactivity is associated with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the effects of in-hospital exercise on frailty in patients with HCC. This was a multi-center observational study. Patients with HCC were classified into exercise (n = 114) and non-exercise (n = 67) groups. The exercise group was treated with a mixture of aerobic and resistance exercises (20–40 min/day, median four days). Frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI). Factors for changes in LFI were examined by multivariate and decision-tree analyses. The factors were also examined after propensity score matching. During hospitalization, LFI was significantly improved in the exercise group compared to the non-exercise group (ΔLFI −0.17 vs. −0.02, p = 0.0119). In multivariate analysis, exercise (odds ratio (OR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.240–4.570, p = 0.0091) and females (OR 2.09; 95%CI, 1.062–4.109; p = 0.0328) were identified as independent factors for the improvement of LFI. In the decision-tree analysis, exercise was identified as an initial classifier associated with the improvement of LFI. Similar findings were also seen in the propensity score matching analyses. We demonstrated that in-hospital exercise improved frailty in patients with HCC. Thus, in-hospital exercise may be beneficial for improving physical function in patients with HCC.


Class analysis from a mode-of-production perspective involves a structural view of society in which the relevant categorizations are defined by the observer, that is, the social scientist. Analysis based on ethnic identity, which gained popularity as part of the politics-of-identity enterprise in the humanities and the social sciences, was in part a reaction against this "objective" point of view. However, there can be significant problems, analytical and political, for the leadership of a social movement in accepting ethnic identity as the foundation of an analysis. These problems are demonstrated by an examination of the predicament of the Confederaci6n Sindical Unica de Trabajadores Campesinos de Bolivia (Unitary Union Confederation of Bolivian Peasant Workers-CSUTCB). The analysis of this article places the issue of ethnic identity within a structural approach that accommodates its historical reality and its political significance. The framework I use helps to explain the political dynamics of a mediating class of indigenous (indigena) leadership that plays a major role in the efforts of the Bolivian state to continue its capture/accommodation of the noncapitalist indigenous population of the Bolivian Andes. Since 1979 the occupants of this class have been the leaders of the CSUTCB. I explain how this group-defined as a social class by its political role-plays its part in an ongoing social process.' This process continues because the social practices of the indigenous population of the Andes and elsewhere in Bolivia (and elsewhere in Latin America) have not been subsumed2 by capitalist social relations of production.3


Abstract Here we report a study on the reactivity of the fluorescent air-stable primary phosphine 8-((4-phosphino)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 4 with [Mo(CO)6], [W(CO)6], [Mo(CO)4(piperidine)] and [W(CO)4(piperidine)] which yields the mono-phosphine [Mo(CO)5(4)] 5, [W(CO)5(4)] 6 and di-phosphine cis-[Mo(CO)4(4)2] cis-7 and cis-[W(CO)4(4)2] cis-9 complexes as the predominant products. In addition to the characterization of these complexes by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, the solid-state structures of 6 and cis-7 have also been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of the complexes show that the incorporation of the phosphorus ligand has a limited effect on the absorption and emission profile of the Bodipy core and that they retain similar quantum yields to their parent Bodipy dyes. Small quantities of the by-products trans-[Mo(CO)4(4)2] trans-7, cis-[Mo(CO)4(piperidine)(4)] cis-8 and cis-[W(CO)4(piperidine)(4)] cis-10 were also isolated and characterized.


Method for determining an effective dose of monochromatic light or polychromatic one or more light sources in a reactor of light radiation to inactivate microorganisms in a biological fluid, comprising measuring the effect of the monochromatic or polychromatic light on a dosimetric solution adapts absorbance and the viscosity of the biological fluid to the wavelengths of photoinactivation used based on a calibration of the light dose, by i) irradiating said dosimetric solution in a layer length sufficiently thin optical path to absorb only a fraction of incident at a predetermined defined irradiance light for a given for one dose given light, leading to a measurable change in a photoproduct time, and ii) reading the corresponding dose to the change in said photoproduct during or after the light irradiation said dosimetric solution in said reactor light irradiation, running step i) before step ii) and selected the biological fluid from the group consisting of fluids comprising cell culture supernatant prokaryotic cell culture supernatant, eukaryotic cell lysate prokaryotic cell lysate, eukaryotic blood, plasma, plasma fractions, serum and fluids derived from blood, plasma and serum, the dosimetric solution comprises an actinometer potassium iodide-potassium iodate / polyvinylpyrrolidone diluted.


Against official corruption and from an economic perspective,this paper built the Probity Reputation Signaling Game Model based on Spencer's labor model under the condition of information asymmetry.After analyzing,a conclusion that there is adverse selection problem of officials in government departments nowadays was made.Further,this paper studied the separation refining Bayesian equilibrium and its impact.As a conclusion,we found that in the presence of certain separating equilibrium,these measures including property publicity report,strengthen supervision,increase investigation efforts and high salary can improve anti effect systematically.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel catalyst for lower polymerization of α-olefin such as ethylene, which has a low formation rate of polymer and has a high catalytic activity.SOLUTION: Provided is a catalyst composition comprising a chromium compound, a particular bidentate phosphine compound and an organoaluminum compound, and in which a complex compound derived from the chromium compound and bidentate phosphine compound is serves as a main catalyst and the organoaluminum compound serves as a co-catalyst. And further, the complex compound of the main catalyst is formed by having a chromium of the chromium compound as a central metal, and to 1 atom of the central metal, formed is the bidentate phosphine compound configured by at least 1 molecule as a ligand.SELECTED DRAWING: None


Recent studies suggested that tibial rotaion was not restored after single bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This study aimed to determine if excessive tibial rotation would be restored by anatomical double bundle ACL reconstruction. Ten male subjects with unilateral ACL injury were prospectively assessed with a high demanding task before and after ACL reconstruction. Knee kinematics during pivoting movement was measured by a motion analysis system. The tibial rotation was reduced in the reconstructed knee after ACL reconstruction than the deficient knee (p<0.05). There was no difference on tibial rotation between intact knee and reconstructed knee. We concluded that the excessive tibial rotation in the deficient knee was restored after anatomical double bundle ACL reconstruction.


It is well known that currency misalignments lead governments to raise trade barriers. Less well known is that the protectionist response to currency misalignments varies by industry. I argue that industries with high exchange rate pass-through (where exchange-rate changes are more fully transmitted to product prices) are more likely to seek trade protection during misalignments than industries with low pass-through. I also argue that industries with global supply chains are less likely to seek trade protection during misalignments than industries that source inputs domestically. I evaluate these arguments with evidence from a 2010 congressional proposal to impose trade barriers on nations like China that are perceived to engage in currency manipulation. I find support for the claim that exchange rates have differential affects across industries: high pass-through industries explicitly supported this proposal while industries dependent on global supply chains took positions against it. I also show that the location of supporting and opposing industries across congressional districts correlates with two types of congressional behaviors: cosponsoring and roll-call voting on the 2010 currency proposal. Exchange rates appear to induce pressures for targeted trade barriers only in industries where competitiveness is unambiguously harmed by misalignments.


Depletion of norepinephrine and dopamine in brain by α-methyltryrosine had no effect on the anticonvulsant potency of methazolamide in rats and only a slight antagonist action in mice. Depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine by p -chlorophenylalanine reduced anticonvulsant potency to some degree and increased seizure susceptibility. Marked reduction in anticonvulsant potency, unrelated to changes in seizure susceptibility, was associated with simultaneous depletion of the three amines, as seen after treatment with reserpine, reserpine in combination with α-methyltyrosine or p -chlorophenylalanine or joint treatment with the latter two agents. Based on consistency between 1) depletion and reduced anticonvulsant effect, 2) endogenous repletion and regain of anticonvulsant effect and 3) exogenous repletion and restoration of anticonvulsant effect, norepinephrine appears to be the involved catecholamine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine is also implicated because of 1) the synergistic antagonist effect of joint treatment with α-methyltyrosine and p -chlorophenylalanine, 2) inhibition of its synthesis in reserpine-treated rats prevented complete regain of anticonvulsant effect and 3) exogenous repletion restored anticonvulsant potency. Anticonvulsant potency can be maintained almost undiminished with adequate function of either an adrenergic (norepinephrine) on a serotonergic system. Norepinephrine appears to be the more important amine because of 1) better consistency between its depletion and changes in potency, 2) inhibition of its synthesis more effectively reduced anticonvulsant potency and 3) upon exogenous repletion of the two amines in brain, restoration of anticonvulsant potency required a lower concentration of norepinephrine.


Structural changes in Re{sub 2}(Sr{sub 0.85-x}Ba{sub x}Nd{sub 0.15}){sub 2}GaCu{sub 2}O{sub 9} from 0 {le} x {le} 0.65 were studied by electron diffraction. Above x = 0.25, the GaO{sub 4} tetrahedra become disordered. As Ba is further increased, changes in the GaO layers occur which are compensated in the (Sr{sub 0.85-x}Ba{sub x}Nd{sub 0.15})O layers. 14 refs., 10 figs.


As the Spanish autonomy system has been consolidated, the Senate must serve as an authentic Chamber of Territorial Representation. Thus, the Spanish Constitution must be reformed with regard to the composition and functions of that Chamber. In this sense, it seems opportune to augment the number of Senators designated by the Autonomous Communities, as an adaptation of the Senate's present subordination to the Congress of Deputies with regard to legislative procedures, and the increase of the Senate's autonomous functions.


Cavity QED experiments involving single- and multi-photon microwave fields and displaying atom-radiation entanglement will be described. These experiments reveal in a striking way the quantum nature of the field and its graininess.


The combined technology of producing liquor from upper fermented grains, fortifying fermentation of middle fermented grains and fortifying flavour-increasing and ester-producing in bottom fermented grains was used in pit, and the adoption of method of "cross-steaming of seperate layer " through the application of the technology of controlled distillation had solved effectively the difficulty of narrow flavour- distilling space in traditional production process and also presented the organic combined new technology of distillation and fermentation of Luzhou-flavour liquor.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


All Black Sea shads are listed in IUCN Red List as vulnerable species. The absence of correspondence between morphological and genetic features shows the complexity in genus Alosa taxonomy in Black Sea. To receive precise data for actual species status and respectively conservation of shads, the application of genetic methods are necessary. A comparison between two shad species (A. immaculata and A. caspia) from Bulgarian Black Sea coast and Danube River was carried out on the basis of genetic-biochemical analyses. Twelve enzymes (encoded by 27 loci) and general muscle proteins and haemoglobin (encoded by 43 loci) were investigated. Polymorphic variation in some loci as HB-1*, HB-2*, PROT-1*, PROT-2*, PROT-3*, ADH*, EST-3*, MDH-1*, MEP-1* PGM-2* and SDH* can be used for analyses of Alosa immaculata populations. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a species specific marker for distinguishing A. immaculata and A. caspia. Genetic markers such as: 6-PGDH, SOD and PROT can be used to split the rare shad species (A. spp) found in Black Sea. Genetic distance (DNei = 0.038) between A. immaculata and A. caspia showed that they have quite recently divergated, while the distance between the two mentioned above species and A. spp was found to be higher (DNei = 0.066).


The content of this monograph on the Djakovo cathedral is concentrated on its interior - frescoes, sculptures, altars, furnishings. The content of some frescoes in the cathedral reflects the political ideology of Bishop Strossmayer.


The majority of oligochaete species living in springs are ubiquitous and widely distributed taxa but cold stenothermic, semiaquatic and rare ones are also found. In Poland about 50 species are known from springs among 185 aquatic and semi-aquatic species found in whole country. Gianius aquaedulcis (Hrabĕ 1960) (Tubificidae, Phallodrilinae) is reported for the first time from Poland from two karstic springs situated in Kraków – Częstochowa Upland (South Poland). Both springs are hillside, fissure, descending, rheocrenes, with discharge about 30– 40 L s-1. Spring no 1 is situated in banked pond, spring no 2 has natural character. Their bottom is sandy or sandy-gravely, with patches of detritus, mud and plants. The conductivity, concentration of main cations (Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, SO4) were typical for spring waters of this limestone area; only concentration of nitrate is slightly elevated. The samples of bottom fauna (a polyethylene corer and a bottom scraper) and water for chemical analysis were taken seasonally. This species was more numerous in a banked spring than in the natural one (maximal density about 1600 ind. m-2) and seasonal changes of its density were similar in both springs. Mature specimens formed only 5–8% of the population and were present in all sampling data. G. aquaedulcis is known from a few localities only (Germany, France, Spain and USA). It lives in underground and surface waters, with slightly alkaline pH on sandy or stony bottom. Maybe this species forms a few relictic populations which persist in subterranean (cave or hyporheic) waters of some geographic regions at least since the last glacial epoch. The existence of small anatomical differences (for example various thickness of the muscular lining of the atria and changeable shape of penial setae) among the studied populations from various countries seems to confirm this hypothesis.


We study a three-level atom interacting with an electromagnetic wave of circle polarization, and work out the wave function, the energy values and momentum values of the atom by solving Schrodinger equation.


Connecting with the actual situation of the construction of the Website of Zunyi Normal Collage's library, this paper expounds the basic contents needing attention in the construction of the Website of common university's library, which mainly include the column setting, page design, technique application, and later period maintenance, etc.


Israel, Tel-Aviv University. F. Robert Hunter Assist. Professor, Islamic and Middle East History, Tulane University, New Orleans. George W. Gawrych Appointed to Middle Eastern and Mediterranean Hi story Department, University of Kansas. Rosalind Gwynne Assist. Professor of Arabic, Asian Studies Committee, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Leonardo Al ishan Assist. Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Utah. Adel Allouche Visiting Assist. Professor of Arabic Language, University of Utah, 1981-1982. Ragai N. Makar Visiting Assist. Librarian, Middle East Library, Marriott Library, University of Utah.


This article reviews the current methods of modifying cyanate ester resins,including copolymerization or blending with thermosetting resins,thermoplastic resins,rubber elastomers,whiskers and combinations containing unsaturated double bond,in which the co-reaction mechanism and properties of EP/CE and BMI/CE systems are introduced chiefly,and it points out the advantages and disadvantages of these modifying methods,and prospects the researching development of cyanate ester resin.


Widhiono I, Sudiana E. 2015. The role of wild plants in the conservation of pollinating insects of the Order Hymenoptera. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 1: 1586-1590. The diversity of pollinating insects is closely connected with the diversity of wild plants in nature as bee forage. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of wild plants as wild bee forage. This study was conducted in an area under the pine forest stands in northern slopes of Mount Slamet; survey method was done with purposive sampling technique. Parameters measured were the abundance and the species richness of bees visited wild plants as well as the number and species of wild plants visited by insects pollinators. The results showed that at study sites found 42 species of wild plants and 24 are visited by pollinating insects that consist of 10 species of wild bees, namely: Ceratina sp, Nomia melanderi, Hyaleus modestus, Megachile realtiva, Xylocopa latipes, Amegilla cingulata, A. romandi, Rhopalidia cingulata, R. zonata, and Lasioglosum leucozonium. Eight species of wild plant visited by more than one species of bee are: Cleome rutidosperma, Borreria laevicaulis, B. elegans, Euphorbia heterophyla, Rubus parviflorus, Salmo cantoniensis, Tridax procumbers, and Vero cinerea. Wild plants with the highest diversity (Shannon Index) of pollinating insects shows that Cleome rutidosperma has diversity index (H '= 2097, E = 0.9047), and the lowest in the Rubus parviflorus (H' = 0.5623, E = 0.8774). Insect pollinators most visited wild plants is Lasioglossum leucozonium visiting 13 species of wild plants. Based on the results of this study concluded that the eight wild plants that can contribute to the conservation of the diversity of wild bees.


This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose: Thyroid pyramidal lobe (TPL) is a normal variant of the thyroid gland, but few imaging studies of TPL have been published. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency, location, size (length, maximal AP diameter, maximal transverse diameter), and upper end level of TPL with its separation from the main thyroid gland on preoperative neck CT and to compare them with operative findings in order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of neck CT for detection TPL. Materials and Methods: 46 patients, who underwent preoperative neck CT before thyroidectomy, were included in the study. The frequency, location, size, and upper end level of TPL with its separation from the main thyroid gland on the neck CT was analyzed by a single radiologist. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of neck CT for detecting TPL was 77.8%, 89.5%, 91.3%, 73.9% and 82.6%. There was a significant difference in maximal AP diameter, location, upper end level, and its separation from main thyroid gland between CT and operative findings (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the length and maximal transverse diameter of TPL (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of neck CT for detecting TPL was high, and the neck CT may be useful for evaluating TPL in the suprahyoid neck. Index terms Thyroid Gland Pyramidal Lobe Preoperative Period Neck CT Diagnostic Index CT Detection of Thyroid Pyramidal Lobe in Preoperative Patients with Thyroid Tumors 수술전 갑상선 종양 환자에서 전산화단층촬영의 갑상선 피라미드엽에 대한 진단


Abstract : The original objective of this program was to develop a solid state amplifier capable of delivering 20 watts of power in the 7.9 to 8.4 GHz band with 14 dB gain and a 20 dB dynamic range per USA SATCOMA Technical Guidelines, SCA-2161. This included development of four and eight diode circular cavity combiners, development of a hybrid-coupled driver amplifier, design of a dc power supply, packaging and electrical and environmental testing of the final version of the amplifier. Two amplifiers were to be delivered at the end of the program. During the course of the program, the objectives were changed to build one amplifier with a nominal saturated output power of 10 watts but optimized for use at much lower power levels as a linear TWT driver. The specified maximum operating power level was changed to 1.5 watts over the 7.9 to 8.4 GHz band with 38 to 40 dB gain and a 20 dB dynamic range. AN intermodulation product specification of 30 DBc at 200 mW output was added. The number of stages was increased to eight including two four-diode cavity combiners and two hybrid-coupled pairs of stages. Results of the amplifier development work are discussed including RF and dc circuitry and thermal design.


Introduction: Gartner ducts are vestigial remnants of the mesonephric ducts that regress after the eighth week of embryologic development. In the adult female, remnant Gartner ducts from the mesosalpinx to the cervix via the broad ligament and are typically located along the anterolateral vaginal wall. Cysts can arise when the ducts become obstructed and secretions from the remnant epithelium accumulate. Gartner duct cysts represent only about 11% of benign vaginal cysts. They often occur in pregnancy, but typically in the third trimester.Aim of Study: The purpose of this case report is to present a very unusual case of Gartner duct cyst that presented during the first trimester of pregnancy with our management strategy.Patients and Methods: After a 19-year-old primiparous patient presented with a painful midline vaginal mass in her first trimester, ultrasound and MRI were used to obtain the diagnosis of Gartner duct cyst. Bedside incision and drainage was performed to avoid general anesthesia for surgical excision.Results: The patient's symptoms resolved after drainage, and she continued her pregnancy without complication. Complete healing of prior incision occurred with mild re-accumulation of glandular fluid. The patient had further symptoms.Conclusion: Gartner duct cyst should be on the differential diagnosis for a woman who has a midline vaginal cyst, even though they more typically occur more laterally. General anesthesia in the first trimester of pregnancy should be avoided. Therefore, we suggest bedside incision and drainage as an option for the management of symptomatic Gartner duct cysts in the patient who is not the ideal candidate for surgical excision


An alternate way of introducing inelasticity parameters for two coupled elastic channels, such as the S and D waves in np scattering, has been devised. The present scheme is related to recent proposals of Bryan, of Klarsfeld, and of Melhem and Kermode. The existence of spurious solutions in the purely elastic case is demonstrated and a cure proposed.


The life of John Mason Brown (1837-90), who rose to prominence in Kentucky after the Civil War as a lawyer and as a significant supporter of the Republican Party, was shaped by his experiences during the war. He spent most of the first two years of the war on two long trips (the first of some eight thousand miles, the second of five thousand miles), both for the most part in Indian country along the upper Missouri River. He then returned to Kentucky and became first a major and then a colonel in the Union cause, serving from October 1862 through late 1864, most notably as a leader in the engagements that drove Colonel John Hunt Morgan's Confederate cavalry from Kentucky. Brown's experiences between 1861 and 1865 illustrate the polarization of America into Union and Confederate camps, largely over the issue of slavery. In the war, nowhere was that polarization more acute than in the border states—and Kentucky was the most deeply divided of these, since slaves made up almost 20 percent of its population in 1860, which was a much higher percentage than that in Maryland (less than 13 percent), Missouri (less than 13 percent),


A woman aged 32 years presented seeking cosmetic improvement of a capillary malformation in the region of the ophthalmic division of her left trigeminal nerve. She reported that the capillary malformation had been present since birth. She had undergone investigation with computed tomography of the brain and no lesions were found. At the age of 7 years, she developed poor vision in her left eye and was found to have a partial retinal detachment due to a previously undiagnosed circumscribed ocular choroidal haemangioma. This was treated with argon laser photocoagulation, but progressed to complete retinal detachment and resulted in blindness in her left eye at the age of 13 years. One year later, she developed acute-onset glaucoma and underwent surgical intervention with lens extraction.


This paper analyses some significant overlaps between Husserl's later thought and Heidegger's early thinking, in particular around death, finitude, negativity and possibility. Such overlaps revolt around a common methodological problem: the one concerning the possibility of phenomenologically grounding descriptions of subjectivity in its originality. This question, I will claim, pushes forward the limits of Husserlian phenomenology and forces Husserl to abandon his more classical notion of givenness and intuitive givenness as the privileged form of legitimation for phenomenological descriptions. Instead, Husserlian phenomenology shifts towards a constructive phenomenology focused on the question about the un-constituable and about the way in which the properly constituting field can be given, although indirectly, in experience: this is what Montavont has called a 'transcendental a posteriori'. It is precisely at this point where the similarities with Heidegger's thinking will become apparent.


Concerns have been raised about the HCM6 weaving method's lack of sensitivity to weaving segment length. This study explores the trends in HCM6 as they relate to lane change estimates and their impact on the segment speed and level of service (LOS). The study also compares HCM6 estimates of lane changes against empirical data from an NGSIM weaving site. Thus, the objectives of this study are twofold: (a) critically investigate the effect of weaving length on lane change and associated speed model estimates in HCM6, and (b) analyze trends in lane changes against congestion levels using detailed NGSIM trajectory data, comparing against HCM6 estimates. For (a) it was found that the lack of sensitivity to weave length is because of the absence of this parameter in the nonweaving lane change and speed models. For (b), a comparison of HCM6 lane change rates with NGSIM, US-101 data confirmed that the HCM6 estimates for weaving vehicles are fully consistent with those at the NGSIM site, controlling for density. In contrast, nonweaving lane change estimates in HCM6 did not deliver the expected trends, with more discretionary lane changes predicted as congestion increased. Finally, analysis of lane change patterns at the NGSIM site revealed a tendency for early merging for freeway to ramp traffic and uniform merging for ramp to freeway traffic over the length of the weave. Interestingly, a speed analysis showed that in most cases, a higher frequency of discretionary lane changes yielded lower travel times for drivers executing them.


Introduction: the methodology of scientific knowledge plays a dominant role in the system of science as a whole, regardless of the subject and branch of scientific knowledge. The geography of methodological knowledge is gradually expanding, the branch of law is becoming more and more receptive to it. The reason is known, it is in the chronic presence both in the theory of law and in certain branches of law of thematic discourses about methodology, focused on the thematization of its subject qualities. Not without this, lawyers are gradually forming their own methodological "philosophy", whose semantic differences from the actual philosophical methodology ensure the availability of its tools for lawyers. A natural consequence of the relevance of research interest in methodological values in the future should be to improve the theoretical quality of legal research that is not related to the methodology, but is able to identify its scientific guidelines for the purposes of their own research. Meanwhile, there are few works in jurisprudence that focus on the applied nature of methodological knowledge. Textbooks on the methodology of jurisprudence, intended according to the title information, educational knowledge of its subject features and internal parameters, still go to "distant philosophical distances", operating with capacious and abstract judgments about methodological phenomena, and therefore are actually addressed not so much to students as to colleagues in the "methodological workshop". Purpose: to bring the canons of methodological regulations closer to the scientific audience working in other thematic areas that are far from methodological values, but strive to learn them for practical purposes. Methods: descriptive, explanatory, and narrative. Results: based on the results of the study, the author formulated the following theoretical conclusions. The understanding of such a complex phenomenon as the methodology of jurisprudence in its applied meaning is proposed to be carried out according to the "pandect template". For this purpose, the author "separates" the strictly philosophical and specifically scientific methodology of jurisprudence, offering to distinguish between the general and special parts of the methodological regulations. The general part contains an answer to the subject question what is the methodology and what is the status of methodological knowledge. The special part answers the question of how and what methodological units fill in the methodology parameters and how they work.


The invention relates to a method for replacing a tobacco stem in a tobacco stem formula, and belongs to the technical field of cigarette raw materials. The method comprises the following steps of a, determination of evaluation indexes; b, determination of the weight of the evaluation indexes; c, computation of a comprehensive index Z of chemical elements of the tobacco stem; and d, replace rule. The method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages that a simply operated method is provided for the replacement of the tobacco stem in the tobacco stem formula, the use of the tobacco stem is greatly full of pertinence and purposiveness, the stability of the quality of the cigarette products and the tobacco stem formula is improved, and the technical support is provided for the expansion of the use range of the tobacco stem.


When we illuminate gold nanofluids over indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated substrates, nanoparticle chains selfassemble via optical binding forces. We speculate that charge transfer between gold and ITO pins nanoparticles to the substrate and reduces the lateral Brownian motion as they attach to the substrate. We correspondingly model the self-assembly with additional stochastic or random forces. Simulations show a nonequilibrium-phase transition: when the stochastic force is small, nanoparticle chains align perpendicular to the light polarization and nanoparticles settle at shallow but stable nodes; when the stochastic force is large, however, the nanoparticle chains align parallel to the light polarization and nanoparticles settle at saddlepoints where the optical binding force is largely zero. Since the presence and strength of Brownian forces influence which state is formed, we reconsider the role that surfaces have—not only in relation to charge transfer but also heat transfer.


Lage amounts clinical facts demonstrate that many diseases can induce emotional disturbances and psychological problems such as fear,anxiety,restlessness,agitation and irritability in infantile patients and patients of early age.The author would like to discuss briefly several common psychological and behavioral problesms and the corresponding causes of them.


Recommended Citation Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Damaris Kinyoki, Ahmed Sarki, David Gathara, Paul Komba, and Bettina ShellDuncan. 2017. "Modeling and mapping of girls' female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in the context of economic, social, and regional disparities: Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys 1998-2014," Evidence to End FGM/C: Research to Help Women Thrive. New York: Population Council.


The process of software development of human-computer interfaces is complex and expensive. Many tools to automate the interface code generation have been proposed. The majority of these tools deenes the behaviour of a system in terms of states and use conventional state transition diagrams (STDs) in order to describe dialogue control aspects. The statechart notation extends STDs to overcome some of their drawbacks. This paper shows the results gained from experiences of the use of statecharts in the development of user interfaces. These experiences led to the identiication of improvements and additional constructs which are needed in order to make them more adequate for this speciic usage in the even broader domain of distributed environments.


. A wide range of globally significant biomass fuels were burned during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4). A multi-channel photoacoustic absorption spectrometer (PAS) measured dry absorption at 405, 532, and 660 nm and thermally denuded (250 ◦ C) absorption at 405 and 660 nm. Absorption coefficients were broken into contributions from black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), and lensing following three different methodologies, with one extreme being a method that assumes the thermal de-nuder


Following open Call for Papers, all the submissions received underwent a rigorous double blind review and the reviews were discussed by the Program Committee at its meeting held in Tokyo in February 2016. Adhering to a thorough selection process, we accepted 4 regular papers and 3 short paper (acceptance rate: regular papers 26%; short papers 20%). We're pleased to present these papers in this proceedings. They focus on assisted living, electronic health record, SSD-friendly application design, model for trustworthy IT servicing, behavioral analysis of susceptible Internet users, and compliance issues in industrial DevOps environments. They will be presented and discussed in three sessions Healthcare Support Systems, Internet of Things, and IT Service Applications at the symposium on 11 and 12 of June 2016, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.


The article is an attempt to formulate the most important rules of writing footnotes to a scientific and popular-scientific publication. The starting point of an editor's work in this respect should be defining the type of publication and sketching the profile of a model reader. The article presents a kind of philosophy of footnotes, which was adopted in the course of editorial work on a volume of dramas by Zygmunt Krasinski. It consists of the following guidelines: 1. Placing the explanations after the texts of dramas, in order to preserve the text's transparency. 2. Not suggesting interpretative paths. 3. Explaining the topics which require clarification (foreign and archaic expressions, historical, religious, medical and military terms, paraphrases and references to other literary texts). 4. Simple and concise structure of the explanation (providing information necessary for understanding a given term). 5. Staying close to the context.


Foreword. Introduction. Part I: Six Sigma Basics. Chapter 1: Defining Six Sigma. Chapter 2: Examining the Principles and Language of Six Sigma. Chapter 3: Pinpointing the Essentials of Six Sigma. Part II: Understanding and Enacting the Breakthrough Strategy (DMAIC). Chapter 4: Finding the Pain - Defining Projects. Chapter 5: Measuring the Gaps. Chapter 6: Measuring Capability. Chapter 7: Separating the Wheat from the Chaff. Chapter 8: Quantifying the Critical Few. Chapter 9: Achieving the Objective. Chapter 10: Locking in the Gains. Part III: The Six Sigma Tool and Technology Landscape. Chapter 11: Identifying Six Sigma Practitioner Tools. Chapter 12: Mastering Six Sigma Manager Tools. Part IV: The Part of Tens. Chapter 13: Ten Best Practices of Six Sigma. Chapter 14: Ten Pitfalls to Avoid. Chapter 15: Ten Places to Go for Help. Appendix: Glossary. Afterword. Index.